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North Star GM9571M GPS Receiver User Manual

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1. SC 104 DGPS corrections Selective Availability serial SERVICE INFORMATION SKY SEARCH indicator SOFTWARE VERSION 941X main board sssssessesesseseeeennennnnnnnnnnnns 92 beacon receiver GPS TECEIVET t oin 92 Page 142 Index Rev D STAR Key iate etnies ec etr ER ees eee 5 16 30 33 68 76 82 5 eee re ee e a eor e eene 16 55 steering distance precision nennen eren ennt nennen 86 STOP SAVE functiOn Taten Erbe rad enira 49 TOS GI Gi dein 5 9 16 31 32 33 34 38 54 123 erepto Safer 4 5 10 16 71 72 73 74 dues 10 68 71 changing time 2 78 DGPS acquisition iiec ree 133 DGPS data timeout recie 76 DGPS data 68 71 89 Of arrival ETA 5 57 60 64 65 Of day E 5 16 25 78 80 of sunrise and 16 78 of tide levels dte teat toda neret tbi d 72 speed averaging 87 to waypoint 5 57 60 64 TNG cohneclor uc t REA ERAN 105
2. 010201 0 000 127 ctoss track display limits iei 85 cursor 17 30 36 135 data timeoUt ie a ain EET ERE Ere et 30 68 71 76 89 isis oid ts ea endl ead eee 116 127 26 85 94 DGPS iere dee 103 108 111 112 checking status onere teen onte rine 34 data timeout het ere reve 30 68 71 76 89 DIAGNOSTIC port function enn 127 differential eene 2 6 9 26 34 DISPLAY OPTIONS iit iere eerte eto e ERI 78 distance and 38 42 47 54 56 61 65 66 distance and speed units 79 Asst einai es a Hee hia ae eel ena ae ees 101 52 dec ic 30 100 exclamation point flashing 2 18 39 68 69 84 TIFSUStansUP 5c oon eu 2 3 flashing CUrsOr uiieeoc eon enero 17 30 36 135 flashing exclamation point 2 18 39 68 69 84 TUNCHON N 5 16 GO TO menu 0040 4 4 0 nee nennen nennen enne 55 GPS absolute 5 6 8 9 E 2 28 75 121
3. wiring INSTALLATION ecce etie wiring information 000 10 23 47 61 144 Index Rev D
4. corrections differential corrections greatly enhance the accuracy of GPS by improving your position fixes to accuracy of 2 5 meters in most cases To take advantage of this extra level of precision connect the Northstar beacon receiver to the 941X s RS 232 port as follows Page 124 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev 8800 DGPS Sensor 941X Interface Connector red RS 232 output 18 Pin 20 transmit green RS 232 input 16 Pin 17 ground tan RS 232 ground 17 o mace wii o 7 8400 beacon receiver 941X Interface Connector black receive red RS 232 output 18 white transmit green RS 232 input 16 orange ground tan RS 232 ground 17 ee eee eee eee 8401 beacon receiver 941X Interface Connector yellow receive red RS 232 output 18 blue transmit green RS 232 input 16 orange ground tan RS 232 ground 17 Table 9 Connecting to External NS Beacon Receiver For connection to other sources of differential corrections refer to the manufacturer s instructions for wiring information Now you re ready to set up the 941X to receive the data from the external source using the RS 232 interface port Press the STAR key until you display the USER CUSTOMIZATION SCREEN Press the PORT SETUP OPTIONS menu key The following screen will be displayed information displayed by your 941X in the RS 232 SETUP box at this time may be different PORT SETUP OPTIONS
5. change the type of coordinates you want to enter from lat lon to distance and bearing or to loran TDs press the COORD menu key to show thetype you wish to use Coordinates may be entered as 1 latitude longitude of any point in the world 2 distance and bearing from here your present position or from any waypoint in the 941X s memory 3 loran TDs make sure the GRI displayed is correct change it if nec essary The coordinates you enter will be stored in the 941X s memory as a way point named QUIK This waypoint s coordinates will be overwritten the next time a QUICK waypoint is entered Page 54 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Rev D i WAYPOINT TIP j You can specify a waypoint to navigate to and store it perma nently in the 941X s database in one operation if you like i While in the QUICK WAYPT entry screen just move the cur t sor arrow up to the waypoint s name and change it from QUIK to its permanent name before pressing ENTER i make a previousl y entered QUICK waypoint become a perma i i nent waypoint just go to a waypoint list screen and edit the To navigate to a waypoint already stored in the 941X first display it us ing one of the four waypoint list screens press WAY PTS ROUTES then the WAY PT LIST menu key Use the up and down cursor arrow keys to move the large arrow on the left of the screen so that it points to the waypoint you want to navigate to
6. sup SC104 IN In order to receive SC 104 corrections through the 941X s RS 232 inter face port the port information box in the lower center of the screen must read SC 104 IN If the port is presently set up for anything other than SC 104 IN press EDIT to change this setting Use the up or down cursor arrow keys to display SC 104 IN and press ENTER 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 125 RS 232 Port Page 126 SC 104 out SC 104 in Use this same EDIT procedure to set the baud rate to match that of the external device if necessary Refer to the external device s instructions for correct baud rate setting The 941X is now configured to accept dif ferential corrections from an outside source The RS 232 port is used for interfacing to an external DGPS beacon re ceiver an external device that accepts SC 104 differential corrections or a personal computer When connected to a beacon receiver you can receive differential cor rections through the RS 232 port This is useful if your 941X is not equipped with an internal beacon receiver but you want to navigate us ing differential corrections If your 941X features an internal Northstar beacon receiver you can use the RS 232 port to transmit its differential corrections to another device that accepts them If you wish to download your waypoints to a personal computer or to have the unit upgraded by your dealer or the factory with new operating software
7. 5 56 5 56 5 56 5 56 5 5 56 5 56 5 56 5 56 PR 5 56 VN PRICO QUAT REUN ROME SDOS SBRAZ SHILL SCHW SA69 MN Nahrwan Masirah Island Oman Nahrwan United Arab Emirates Nahrwan Saudi Arabia Naparima BWI Trinidad and Tobago North American 1927 CONUS mean value North American 1927 Western U S North American 1927 Eastern U S North American 1927 Alaska North American 1927 Bahamas North American 1927 San Salvador Island North American 1927 Canada North American 1927 Alberta and B C North American 1927 East Canada North American 1927 Manitoba and Ontario North American 1927 N W Terrs amp Sask North American 1927 Yukon North American 1927 Canal Zone North American 1927 Caribbean North American 1927 Central America North American 1927 Cuba North American 1927 Greenland North American 1927 M exico North American 1983 Observatorio 1966 Atl Isl Old Egyptian Old Hawaiian mean value Old Hawaiian H awaii Old Hawaiian Kauai Old Hawaiian M aui Old Hawaiian Oahu Oman Ordin Survey of Gr Britain 1936 mean value Ordin Survey of Great Britain 1936 England Ordin Survey of G B 1936 sle of Man Wales Ord Surv of G B 1936 Scot amp Shetlnd Islands Ordinance Survey of Great Britain 1936 Wales Pico DeLas Nieves Canary Islands to o EU Pitcairn Astrological 1 Provisional S
8. 2 Move the cursor arrow down to ARRIVE RADIUS and press the EDIT ALARM menu key 3 Enter the new value you want then press ENTER or CLEAR to leavethe value unchanged NAVIGATI ON OPTIONS The geodetic datum option contains all referenced datums according to Defense Mapping Agency publications To change the datum reference your 941X is using press the EDIT menu key at this option and use the up down cursor keys to scroll through the alphabetic listing When your choice is displayed press ENTER The complete listing of 941X datums is found at the end of this chapter be ginning on 94 NAVIGATI ON OPTIONS TheSTEERING screen cross track display limits may be adjusted to suit your needs whether you are navigating in open waters or attempting to maneuver through a tight channel Adjustments to the display limits shown at the bottom of the screen enable you to monitor your progress in increments of feet or meters if you wish as opposed to the normal settings of tenths of miles tenths of nautical miles or kilometers The format available to you depends on the selection made in the DISTANCE SPEED UNITS setting under the DISPLAY OPTIONS screen The corresponding choices are DISPLAY OPTIONS SETTING CROSS TRACK OPTIONS MI MPH 1000 FT 2000 FT gt MILE NM KNOTS 1000 FT 2000 FT 12 N MILE KM KPH 200 Meters 1KM 2KM 8 Customizing the 941X Page 85 The CROSS TRACK FULL SCALE display form
9. J5 DGPS Antenna Connector UHF Figure 3 Rear Connectors The 941X should be connected to a source of 10 to 40 volt electrical power using at least 16 gauge wire A 10 foot power cable is supplied with your unit and should be sufficiently long for most installations If it is necessary however to lengthen the power cable you may extend it to a maximum of 25 feet without adversely affecting the operation of the unit 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 103 Antenna Location gps only antenna location Page 104 Three antennas choices are available for your 941X two for reception of GPS only signals standard 5 and active AN 150 and one to receive both GPS and DGPS signals AN 190 combo antenna The antenna is a vital link between the 941X receiver and the outside world Aesthetics and easy access should be secondary to providing strong and reliable GPS signals to the 941X receiver You should select a location for the antenna which meets the following requirements Y Theantenna should have a reasonably clear view of the horizon but be no higher than necessary side to side motion of the antenna caused by rolling of the vessel may degrade your SOG and COG readings Y The antenna must be out of the radiation plane of any on board ra dar sets Y The antenna must be lower than any INMARSAT communications antenna Y The antenna should be as far as possible from other high power transmitting anten
10. Using Phantom Loran ERSTES HIS SECTION describes the most basic yet impor tant navigation function available in the Northstar 941X determining your position Position coordinates may be determined from the GPS sat ellite system or you may display loran coordinates if you have connected a loran receiver For those who no longer have a loran receiver but wish to view their position in loran TDs the 941X can convert GPS coordinates into Phantom Loran coordinates Rev D 3 Basic Navigation Page21 Displaying Position Heading amp Speed Position Plotter Page 22 O DISPLAY the coordinates of your current position simply press the button marked POSITION A screen is displayed showing your position coordinates at the top and your Course Over Ground COG and Speed Over Ground SOG at the bottom If you see the PLOT screen displayed instead of your position coordinates just press the POSITION button again GPS POSITION 42 26 289 71 25 821 0 3 101 MEDHESDR Y 11 55 JAH 17 1996 GPS position coordinates are displayed as latitude and longitude You may choose to display loran coordinates instead as described below Loran coordinates may be obtained from a loran receiver connected to the 941X or may be calculated by the 941X from the GPS position coor dinates The position plotter screen is a north up display and provides an over all view of
11. and 6 34 82 83 108 124 ANTENNA cscs 9 101 103 104 106 107 Rev D Index Page 139 checking 32 34 comparing to 5 7 converting coordinates from Loran TDs 42 converting coordinates to Loran TDs 9 32 converting coordinates to Phantom Loran 16 82 displaying lat lOn 2 25 interfacing with 9 10 22 30 receiver software 92 27 34 selecting as navigation source 32 34 82 with 7 8 7 with Selective 6 7 8 31 34 54 pete AE 100 109 HDOP pent eic tegi doi i e edt a 28 1 0 message RRRR 81 INFORMATION windows eeeeeeeeeeeeennnneneenen nemen 19 in put ports citm Hg 11 113 114 118 125 127 INTERFACING compatibility 112 116 120 124 connector pin diagram sese 113 11 112 port Setup 90 124 rear connectors 103 to external beacon 88
12. receiver Rev D 7 Other Special Functions Page 67 3 everal special 941X functions are controlled by the STAR function key 96 These include alerts and alarms TideTrack functions and setup functions Alarms The Northstar 941X has a number of automatic alarms that can alert you of special situations For example when you are approaching a waypoint B the 941X signals you with a distinctive beep and a flashing exclamation point symbol on the screen At any time you can press the STAR button to access the ALARMS amp BACKLIGHT screen which displays the cause of the most recent alarm The 941X s alarm types and descriptions are AUTO TYPE DESCRIPTION CLEAR you have come within 900 of the YES after 5 arrival circle of the current way seconds point arrival circle radius set from ALARMS amp BACKLIGHT Screen cle of the current waypoint seconds while navigating to waypoint perpendicular to track passed Seconds but arrival circle was not entered switching to next leg of route NAVIGATING seconds entered hazard ahead ANCHOR DRAG anchor is dragging beyond limit NO requires set from ALARMS amp immediate BACKLIGHT screen attention NO LORAN FIX no position fix received from ex YES when ternal loran condition clears DGPS LOST DGPS datatimeoutexceeded NO GPS FIX no position fix from GPS PF NO LORAN DATA communication failure with ex ternal loran
13. the center of the screen Press the ZOOM OUT menu key to zoom out to see more area Each press of the IN or OUT key approximately halves or doubles the chart scale respectively The maximum zoom in screen displays an area that is approximately 14 mile from the top edge to the bottom while maximum zoom out shows you an area that is up to 128 miles top to bottom Press the CENTER menu key at any time to move the plotted area so that your boat is at the center of the screen If you wander off your intended course line and you want to navigate directly to the waypoint rather than returning to the original course line press the RESTART menu key then ENTER A new course line will be computed and displayed running from your present position to the next waypoint 3 Basic Navigation Page 23 Page 24 plotter options To se up the parameters for the display of data on the plotter screen press the OPTIONS menu key Thefollowing screen is displayed ELECT ITEM WITH CURSOR RESS EDIT TO CHANGE OFF AT SCALE LOCAL WAYPT DISPLAY SAVE TRACK POINT EVER TRACK DISPLAY LATZLOH GRID The plotter control menu allows you to change the following items The plotter scale at and above which waypoint names will not be displayed on the plotter screen Whether local waypoints are displayed on the screen How often your position is recorded on the screen Whether your track history is displayed on
14. to 180 East or West settings The factory default is magnetic to coincide with your compass Your navigation charts will indicate the approximate magnetic variation for each area Under most conditions you ll want the 941X to calculate the variation automatically for your position Usually the automatically calculated variation is entirely adequate for use True bearings are usually required when using a gyrocompass The manual setting 1 to 180 is available for those times when the dis play must match an older or less accurate chart or in remote areas usu ally above 70 latitude where magnetic calculations can be off by as much as a degree or more 8 Customizing the 941X Page 83 Page 84 waypoint switching and the arrive radius Press EDIT to change the 941X s magnetic variation setting Use the up down cursor keys to choose AUTO MANUAL or TRUE When choosing MANUAL move the cursor to the right to enter the value you want Press ENTER when you are done or CLEAR to leave the option unchanged NAVIGATI ON OPTIONS The 941X can be set to advance automatically to the next waypoint upon arrival at each waypoint or it can be set to require manual switching Manual switching may be desirable when maneuvering around a way point to find a lobster trap or when trying to locate a buoy in dense fog It allows you to maintain a constant display of distance and bearing in formation for the particular waypoint
15. 106 track history roe aurige he eode 5 16 22 25 user customization 0 22 nennen nennen ennt 78 warnlnc radius Ete ed e 39 43 WAYPOINTS rere 84 as avoidance 23 39 t 39 42 43 54 converting GPS coordinates to 0 5 9 Creating Ihi netus 16 37 44 46 displaying etica nette 4 17 24 50 displaying as TDS 6 rentrer ntn 9 entering 0 37 39 54 entering name and 37 inserting in 44 46 50 51 Eyre HH 41 46 plottillg ico ere erc etit eret 5 10 16 22 39 Quick Start iNOS 54 Rev D Index Page 143 removing from a route Saved as YOU saving as part of a Switching to next auto switching to next manually transferring to a personal computer updating coordinates see Velityilig entty s ice po pe recep ce eget ected WAYPTS ROUTES
16. 124 to lora nier ere cce 5 9 16 22 30 31 83 to Northstar 800 loran 31 123 wiring 93 113 Keypad cie tc e eet ette 17 18 36 74 75 291272 Bic 93 latitude and longitude display 46 80 Page 140 Index Rev D LORAN absolute 8 comparing to GBS 5 converting TDs to lat lon 2 42 displaying 05 5 9 10 16 22 30 31 interfacing with 30 31 Phantom operation sse 32 33 repeatable 7 selecting as navigation source 30 lowest sat elevation function 90 magneltic varlatloh eer entered 83 man overboard iet cente een voee va rote eoe o ea 5 15 manual waypoint 84 maximum saved waypoint 80 81 MOB Eier eunt See man overboard NAV LOG Key 5er i neci NAVIGATION OPTIONS NMEA 0183 9 31 90 112 115 22 sav oet tay 103 109 112 Northstar 800 0 pde deerit ete etie ee eit eode ae teo Anetta 31 32 123 OUtDUt POMS nuras ge rete ce E tet eun 11 90 93 113 115 133 owner identification 81 PANS STs eu ie
17. 59 To display each waypoint s coordinates instead of its name and descrip tion while editing or creating a route press the NAME COORD menu key 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page 51 GO ALONG ROUTE DOCK 1 SAN MARCO ISLRHD 148 117 TURN 1 MELOY CHRHHEL 0 35 4 165 BRIDGE MACARTHUR CSWY TURN 2 CHRHHEL 0 64 166 USUAL soc 10 key BRIDGE 52 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D Waypoint and Route Navigation Quick Start Waypoint Navigating to Waypoints Navigating Along Routes Restarting the Course Line In this section we ll begin navigating to specific waypoints and along routes and show you how to get back on course or follow a new course line to your destination Rev D 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Page 53 he 941X s Quick Waypoint feature allows you to enter coordinates Q uick Start NE start uh quick and easy ao Waypoint Press the WAY PTS ROUTES key and then press the QUICK WAYPT menu key A screen for entering waypoints appears QUICK WAYPT au I K ws QUICK WAYPOINT mo 5 46 786 80 08 773 W Key in the coordinates of the waypoint just as you would normally store a waypoint and press ENTER twice The 941X stores the waypoint as a QUIK waypoint and will imme diately begin navigating to it coordinates
18. Chilean 1963 Provisional S American 1956 mean value Provisional S American 1956 Bolivia Provisional S American 1956 N Chile Provisional S American 1956 S Chile Provisional S American 1956 Columbia Provisional S American 1956 Ecuador Provisional S American 1956 Guyana Provisional S American 1956 Peru Provisional S American 1956 Venezuela Puerto Rico Qatar National Qornoq Greenland Reunion Indian Ocean Rome 1940 Santo DOS S W Pacific Isl Sao Braz Atl Isl Sapper Hill 1943 Schwarzeck Namibia ii to South American 1969 mean value 8 Customizing the 941X e L18 L18 L18 18 ojo ojlo 18 18 H ojo oo 0 ft N N Q 118 118 118 18 18 18 18 18 z 1 2 1880 1880 1880 NTL 1866 247 249 231 66 66 66 66 2 5 4 dl 1866 CL1866 N N 66 66 66 66 66 7 66 66 66 1 1866 R GRS80 INTL HELM CL1866 CL1866 CL1866 CL1866 CL1866 CL1880 AIRY AIRY AIRY AIRY AIRY 425 130 65 346 375 371 371 384 37 307 288 270 gt gt zi z 1 z z 3 3 rier r N z 1 z 1 z 1 z 1 z 1 2 3 d 2 3 r 270 305 278 298 279 295 0 185 8 12 r 225 170 203 355 57 3 1 156
19. European 1950 Cyprus European 1950 E gypt European 1950 England European 1950 Greece z 3 European 1950 European 1950 European 1950 Sicily European 1950 Norway and Finland European 1950 Portugal and Spain 2 E i European 1979 Gandajika Base Indian Ocean Geodetic Datum 1949 Guam 1963 Gux 1Ast Hjorsey 1955 1 celand Hong Kong 1963 Indian Thailand Vietnam Indian Bangladesh ndia Nepal Ireland 1965 ISTS 073 Astro 1969 J ohnston Island 1961 Kandawala Sri Lanka o Kerguelen Island Indian Ocean Kertau 1948 Malaysia Finnish L C 5 Astro Caribbean Liberia 1964 Luzon Phillipines Luzon Mindanao Island Mahe 1971 Indian Ocean Marco Astro Salvage Islands Massawa Africa Merchich Africa Midway Astro 1961 Minna Africa 8 Customizing the 941X gt 4 z i Q z z z 2 i r Fr 5 gt gt gt 5 5 z ziniziziz Aj jaa r z 4 a a Qj w Page 96 NAH O NAH UA SA NAP NAD27 MN NAD27 WU NAD27 EU NAD27 AK D27 BH D27 SS D27 CN D27 AB D27 EC D27 MO D27 NE D27 YK D27 CZ D27 CR D27 CA D27 CU D27 GR D27 MX D83 OB1966 z z Z z z Z Z Z Z Z z z Zz i z gt z 1 m 9 OHW MN OHW HW OHW OHW MA OHW_OA OMAN OSGB_MN OSGB_E OSGB_IM OSGB_SSI OSGB_WL PDLN PA67 5 63
20. Figure 11 Interface Connector mating side 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 113 Description Wire Color Pin NWEAPORTTOUTPUTGND BuEwwHTESTPE 6 NWEAPORTZINUTA WHTEwBROWNSTRPE 6 EE UI meli LOSS 200 PPNM OUT PINK Pulses Per Nautical Mile Table 2 Interface Connector Pins 200 ppnm TheNorthstar 941X provides an open collector transistor output pin output which is programmed to produce 200 pulses per nautical mile for those devices requiring this output The emitter of the NPN transistor is connected to ground and the col lector connects to the output pin side see block diagram in Figure 12 on The output can sink 100mA and can withstand a maximum positive voltage of 50 volts If the output connects to a highly inductive device such as a relay a spike suppression diode should be connected across the load Cathode connects to the power side of the device and anode connects to the out put pin side The output produces a negative pulse 80ms wide and supports speeds from zero to 100 knots clamps at 100kt Page 114 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D 200 PPNM OUT oS AOS 1 914 10K Figure 12 200 PPNM Output Block Diagram Each output port can be programmed to meet most any special require ments of devices that conform to the NMEA 0183 data format specifica the Output tion The SETUP function described below allows the selection of the P
21. The cursor will begin to flash in thefirst digit field 2 Using the numeric keypad enter the value you want up to a maximum of 199 and press ENTER For one or two digit values enter a zero asthe leading digit s The 941X will now automatically number your saved waypoints up to the value you have set at which point it will then begin to overwrite previ ously saved waypoints with your new ones DISPLAY OPTIONS To provide a substantial measure of theft protection for your Northstar 941X you may enter a personalized owner identification message using an access code mailed to you when you return your product registration card to Northstar This function asks you to enter this special four digit code before you can change the owner s message You can enter your individual owner D message once you have received your registered owner access code card 1 Pres the STAR key until you display the USER CUSTOMIZATION screen 2 Go to DISPLAY OPTIONS and move the cursor arrow down to OWNER S MESSAGE 3 Press the EDIT menu key A question window will appear asking you to enter your password 4 Enter the access code number from your Northstar ID card and press ENTER The first character block of the owner s message will flash 5 Enter the message up to two lines you want displayed each time you power up your 941X and press ENTER Your message remains unchangeable from this point on without first entering your specif
22. choose a location where glare from win dows or other bright objects will be minimized Refer to the dimensions in Figure 13 for planning your installation Whether you re flush mounting or yoke mounting the unit allow at least 2 clearance at the rear for cables and connectors For yoke mounts leave ample room usually 2 all around the sides and top to avoid crowding the unit See Figure 2 for yoke mount drilling requirements Though the unit itself is waterproof the connectors at the back of the unit are not impervious to corrosion from saltwater spray Protect your Northstar investment from prolonged exposure to the elements by mounting it in a relatively dry area if possible At the end of the day 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 101 wipe the unit dry especially the rear connectors When not in use cover the 941X with the sunshield to protect it from excessive heat 342 0 40 0 80 25 DIAMETER HOLES 5 PLACES 6 85 FRONT OF UNIT Figure 2 Yoke Mount Drilling Dimensions Wirin g th e 941X Your 208 designed with fusible link to protect Svst faulty power wiring The link consists of a short length of 30 AWG wire ystem located on the 1 0 board If this link becomes open circuited carefully check all power wiring especially the white and black wires on the power cable Replacement of the fusible link should be performed only by a qualified electronics technician Access to the
23. including high and low tides sunrise sunset and ETA To change this option press EDIT then use the cursor keys to scroll among the two choices Press ENTER to make your selection or CLEAR to leavethe option unchanged DISPLAY OPTIONS You may adjust the precision of the 941X s latitude and longitude posi tion displays from degrees minutes and seconds two digit places or XX to degrees minutes and thousandths of minutes three digit places or XXX To change this option press EDIT then use the cursor keys to scroll among the two choices Press ENTER to make your selection or CLEAR to leavethe option unchanged DISPLAY OPTIONS The 941X automatically assigns a sequential waypoint number for each point stored using the SAVE MOB button When this number reaches the designated value set using this function the unit starts over at 1 dis played as 5001 and overwrites any old saved waypoint already des ignated as number 1 You can set the maximum number of saved waypoints which the 941X will store before overwriting old saved points see below For many applications you may wish to set this maximum number to a small value such as five or ten provided you promptly re name any saved waypoints you wish to retain before they are overwrit ten 8 Customizing the 941X Rev D Rev owner s message D To changethe maximum saved waypoint number 1 Movethe cursor to this option and press the EDIT menu key
24. waypoint is now part of the new route and stored among the waypoint lists in the 941X s memory Page 46 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D Saving a Route Rev D verifying entry As waypoints are entered the distance and bearing of each leg of your route are displayed on the NEW ROUTE screen To see an overhead plot of the entire route press the QUICK PLOT menu key It is good practice to use these two features to check that the route matches your expecta tions ensuring that no errors were made in selecting waypoints JOHHPH P 25 15 The entire route is displayed with the plotter scale automatically ad justed to show all of the waypoints To see more detail about a portion of the route use the NEXT WAY PT and PREV WAYPT menu keys to advance along the route or move back towards the beginning Use ZOOM IN and ZOOM OUT to display a smaller or larger area Press RETURN when finished viewing to go back to the previous screen A second way to create a route is to travel the length of the desired route pressing the SAVE MOB button at each location you wish to storein the route The 941X s SAVE ROUTE function makes this a very simple proc ess summary you first tell the 941X that you wish to save a route as you travel then press the SAVE MOB button as you pass each waypoint and then tell the 941X to stop saving the route when you come to the end of the route F
25. GPS in absolute accuracy or visit ing a spot for the first time Since it transmits at a relatively low fre quency 100 kiloH ertz similar to that on your AM radio your ability to get an accurate position fix is directly related to 1 your distance from the loran transmitters and 2 the weather between you and the trans mitters It s in these two areas that GPS consistently excels when it comes to absolute accuracy Even with SA GPS provides an absolute accuracy of around 300 feet nearly everywhere in the world under virtually any conditions With a constellation of satellites orbiting the earth and transmitting their po sition data on an extremely high frequency 1575 GigaHertz or 15 bil lion cycles per second GPS is impervious to weather and your location on the surface of the earth You can receive position fixes at any time anywhere in any weather This far surpasses the absolute accuracy that is achievable from a good loran receiver in a strong signal coverage area in favorable weather conditions usually 600 feet If you are accustomed to using your Northstar loran s repeatable accu racy to return to within a boat length of a lobster trap or a buoy time af ter time you will not necessarily see this same performance with uncorrected GPS you could be as much as 600 feet from your expected position This will be especially apparent when using the 941X s plotter screen without DGPS where you may see your boat s pl
26. NO GPSDATA communication failure with GPS eon detected at loran CROSS TRACK off course in excess of limits set only when Page 68 7 Other Special Functions Rev D Rev D alarm audio Though most alarm conditions are auto clearing after approximately five seconds and do not require any user action two alarms AVOIDANCE AREA and ANCHOR WATCH must be acknowledged before the exclamation point can be cleared from the screen The most recent instance of an alarm type waypoint communications avoidance area anchor and cross track alarms is retained in the 941X s memory This is helpful for viewing those auto clear alarms that you may have been unable to acknowledge before the flashing exclamation symbol was automatically cleared Each successive press of the CLEAR ALARM menu key displays the most recent message for each type of alarm Four of the alarm controls are adjustable as described below To change any of these use the up and down cursor keys to move the arrow on the screen to the control you want to edit Press the EDIT ALARM menu key Use the up or down arrow keys to select the status you want and finally press ENTER ALARNS BACKLIGHT NEW NO GPS POSITION FIX 12 03 PH TODAY ALARM AUDIO OFF ANCHOR DRAG H ALARMS OFF 0 04 ji CROSS TRACK H ALARM OFF 0 00 ri ARRIVE RADIUS 0 05 H The audio beep that alerts you to alarm conditions can be turn
27. POSITION and STEERING screens the DGPS indicator is a large letter D For the plotter screen the DGPS indicator is the symbol DGPS To display more information about signals received from the GPS satel lites press the SATS menu key on the GPS position screen A screen is displayed showing the received Signal to Noise Ratio for each satellite and a map indicating where the satellites are currently located in the sky the I2 channel GPS SATS screen is shown on the next page Satellites are identified by their PRN number a two digit number assigned by the U S government The center of the satellite map represents the center of the sky and the outer or last ring is the horizon The view is looking down from above with East to your right and West to your left 3 Basic Navigation Page 27 Page 28 DGPS status ACCURACY 10 FT HOOP five channel 941Xs the last bar at the bottom of the screen will sometimes jump around once per second as the 941 Thefollowing GPS data is also displayed ACCURACY The estimated accuracy of the GPS system to be expected at the current time Your position readings should be more ac curate than this estimate 95 of the time HDOP This is a technical measure of the quality of your fix HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision can range from an ideal value of 1 up to 10 or more Any value less than 2 indicates excellent perform ance HDOP is calculated from
28. ROUTES STORED 164 FULL If you wish to change the route s name do so now then press ENTER If not press ENTER to continue A screen appears which displays the waypoints in the route and allows you to insert or remove waypoints from the route IH MARCO ISLAND URN 1 L Y CHRMMEL ICRRTHUR CSHY Page 50 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D inserting waypoints removing waypoints editing a route you are following other waypoint functions Rev D To insert a new waypoint use the up and down cursor keys to move the pointer to the spot between the two existing waypoints where you want to make the insertion and press the INSERT menu key A screen listing waypoints is displayed SELECT WAYPT ESS ENTER SELECT WAYPT 22 45 890 79 32 642 Move the cursor to select the waypoint from the displayed list and press ENTER You will seethe selected waypoint now in your route To remove a waypoint from the route usethe up and down arrow keys to move the pointer to the waypoint and press the REMOVE menu key and then ENTER If you make changes to a route you are currently navigating along re member that the modified route is stored back in the 941X s memory but these changes do not appear in the copy of the route the 941X is fol lowing To make these changes take effect you must start following the route again
29. Then press the GO TO menu key and then ENTER Navigating to Waypoints WAYPOINT TIP d EE the waypoints you navigate to are usually nearby the LOCAL waypoint list is often the best list to use for finding the waypoint in the database 25920 563 80 14 972 GT 621 B0 16 825 The 941X will automatically switch to the STEER display to show infor mation for navigating to the waypoint You can also press the STEER key to display this information at any time Two versions of the screen are available to choose from Rev D 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Page 55 Page 56 choosing a steering screen distance and bearing other information STEERING 3D STEER 1 WavPT TURN 1 0 00 nn 0 63 116 oss dor Lm MRYPT ETE D hrs 2 nin 41 sec TURN 1 MRYPT 5 46 PH TODAY FLRGLR i 6 25 HM 4 25 The first STEERING screen is a traditional display showing cross track distance at the bottom of the screen how far off your intended course line you may be combined with numeric information depicting the dis tance to your destination waypoint your present bearing to that way point your present SOG and your present COG The 3 D steering screen is a waypoint heading up display showing the waypoints between you and the destination waypoint and your posi tion re
30. What NAV LOG T orthstar 941X s OG feature helps you plan and log your trip It contains the actual series of waypoints that you follow along your route When you navigate to a waypoint or along a route from the 941X s memory the string of waypoints are copied into the NAV LOG which acts as a kind of scratchpad for monitoring your progress You can modify NAV LOG s route in any way you want without affecting the original route which remains safely stored in the unit s memory NAV LOG provides two main functions It shows your progress along your trip and it lets you easily changethe remainder of your trip Information for safe and efficient planning of your trip is updated as you travel Your Estimated Time of Arrival ETA at the last waypoint in the route is shown at the top of the screen and the Estimated Time Enroute ETE to each waypoint is shown below each waypoint name A darkened arrow connecting the right ends of two waypoint boxes indi cates you have completed that leg of thetrip You may restart at any leg or to any waypoint of the route by moving the cursor arrow to the waypoint or leg and pressing the RESTART menu key 6 The NAV LOG Function Rev D reversing the trip appending waypoints Logging Your Trip Changing Your Rev D Trip You can reverse the trip at any time navigating to route waypoints in reverse order by pressing the REVERSE menu key Waypoints may be added t
31. at which data is sent to the external device NMEA 0183 waypoint ID as choose NAME or NUMBER for the see page 122 identifier of waypoints sent to the external device NMEA 0183 checksums choose ON or OFF for compatibil see pag ity with some older devices Table 3 Port Setup Options PORT 1 PORT 2 SETUP The 941X will output navigation data in any of several standard formats or one user customizable sequence as required by the receiving or listener device Upon pressing the EDIT menu key at this option then the up down cursor arrows you ll find the following choices available to you NMEA 0180 0183 V2 1 DATAMARINE CDX 0183 RAY and NONE Designatethe required format and press ENTER 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev D NMEA 0180 is an infrequently used format developed in the late 1970 s and is required by many older autopilots 0183 V2 1 is the most popular interfacing format and is used by most autopilots radars plotters and other equipment PORT 1 SETUP OUTPUT FORMAT 0183 V2 1 HMEA 183 TALKER ID GP 8183 LL PRECISION MAMAA OUTPUT RATE 2 SECONDS aver NUMBER 8183 CHECKSUMS 0 After pressing ENTER to select 0183 as the output format you will be presented with a list of all 0183 sentences which may be individually turned on or off PORT 1 NMEA 0183 The 1 5 sentences BWC GLL and RNN enable t
32. back to the be ginning 6 The NavLog Function Page 65 Under NAV LOG the distance and bearing of each leg are displayed You can easily read the direction of the next leg of your trip from this display REVERSE TRIP STOP NAVIGATING YES PRESS ENTER YES PRESS ENTER PRESS CLEAR NO PRESS CLEAR 0 54 166 emo 0 54 4 155 OUTER ENTRANCE UTER ENTRRHCE Press the NAV LOG key to display the waypoints of your current trip To add a waypoint to the end of the trip press APPEND WAYPOINT A list of the waypoints stored in memory is displayed Use the up and down Adding Waypoints to the Tri P cursor arrow keys to select the desired waypoint Press NEXT LIST if you wish to display the waypoints list in a different order Press ENTER to add the waypoint to the NAV LOG Repeat for any other waypoints you want to add 1 085 131 1 841 166 BRENT UTER ENTRANCE 2 11 136 Page 66 6 The NAV LOG Function Rev D Other Special Functions Alarms leg Screen Backlighting TideTrack Internal Differential Beacon Receiver This section covers several special functions that enable you to change the 941X s audible alarms and screen ap pearance navigate using the unique TideTrack feature get the most out of the high precision positioning capabili ties of your internal or external Differential GPS DGPS
33. designated Pressthe EDIT menu key 4 Press the up or down arrow keys to display PHANTOM LRN as the position source 5 Press ENTER then the RETURN menu key 6 To view your position in Phantom Loran coordinates press POSITION Phantom Loran Loran display screen looks like this TDs PHANTON LORAN 29 4 212 80 09 816 1 14 0 7117 WEDHESDR 8 36 AM JAH 17 1996 Rev D 3 Basic Navigation Page 33 Page 34 choosing L L or TDs Phantom Loran GRI checking GPS status checking DGPS status DGPS corrections returning to GPS navigation PresstheL L TDS menu key several times to select the particular pair of TDs you wish to use or to display GPS latitude longitude Press the SET GRI menu key to change the GRI to be used in calculating the displayed TDs Press the up and down cursor keys to display the available GRIs oneat atime When the GRI is correct press ENTER Press the SAT INFO menu key to check on the received GPS satellite status as described on page 27 Press the DGPS INFO menu button to display the current status of the beacon receiver including SNR SIGNAL and NOISE values as previ ously described on Press RETURN when you wish to go back to the PHANTOM LORAN position screen The large letter 0 displayed in the upper right corner of the display indicates differential GPS corrections are being received and used to improvethe accuracy of the received da
34. line 1 Movethecursor arrowto CROSS TRACK 2 PresstheEDIT ALARM menu key 3 Choose whether you want the cross track alarm ON or OFF with the up down cursor keys 4 f you want to change the limit at which the cross track alarm will alert you usetheright arrow cursor key to moveto the digits field 5 Using the keypad specify the distance at which you want to be alerted and press ENTER 7 Other Special Functions Rev D arrive radius dgps alarm Screen Backlighting TideTrack Rev D TheARRIVE RADIUS alarm signals you when you come within a speci fied distance of the next waypoint You can specify the distance of the radius around waypoints down to 0 01 nm 1 If you want to change the limit at which the arrive radius alarm will alert you move the cursor arrow to ARRIVE RADIUS 2 Pressthe EDIT ALARM menu key 3 Using the keypad specify the distance at which you want to be alerted and press ENTER NOTE Keep this distance very small because the 941X will automatically begin to sequence to the next waypoint when you come within the arrival distance you have set for the current waypoint The DGPS ALARM signals when the 941X has operated without differ ential corrections beyond the DGPS data timeout limit See DGPS data timeout beginning on for details 1 If you want to activate the audible DGPS timeout alarm move the cursor arrow to DGPS ALARM 2 Pressthe EDIT ALARM men
35. locations you should consider making a copy of them by transferring them into a per sonal computer using special transfer software provided by a third party vendor and a Northstar loader cable part 1100 LC With this system waypoints and routes can be copied edited or plotted and most impor tantly can be reloaded into your 941X in the event they are accidentally erased or lost due to equipment failure Consult your authorized North star dealer for software and cable ordering information A route is a sequence of waypoints stored in the 941X You can store up to a maximum of 500 routes in the 941X s memory There are two meth ods by which you can create a route 1 constructing a route from way points already stored in the 941X s memory and 2 saving a route as you travel it You may create a route from the waypoints stored in the 941X s memory by first pressing the WAYPTS ROUTES key and then pressing the ROUTE LIST menu key The names of any routes already stored are displayed ARBOR ENTRANCE ef Hn 5 WAYPTS Press the NEW menu key A screen is displayed asking you to enter the name of the new route ROUTE 4 ROUTES STORED route name Enter the name of the new route using the keypad and cursor arrow keys as described on and press ENTER The NEW ROUTE way points screen will be displayed ready for you to begin selecting way points to add to the route RO
36. of a master station and at least two secondaries coverage The extent to which a geographical area is encompassed by usable GPS or loran signals cursor The display panel indicator that shows which character or char acter field is ready to be changed acknowledged or entered by the user It is activated and positioned by the user when required The 941X s cursor will appear as an arrow or a flashing block de pending on whether you are choosing or entering data ephemeris Data used to calculate exact satellite positions continually updated and derived from information relayed to the 941X in each satellite s data stream Rev D Glossary Page 135 ETA Estimated Time of Arrival at the next waypoint as calculated by the 941X according to your present speed of advance SOA and distance to the waypoint ETE Estimated Time Enroute to the next waypoint as calculated by the 941X according to your present speed of advance SOA and dis tanceto the waypoint GPS Global Positioning System A navigation system using signals from earth orbiting satellites The system is capable of providing high accuracy under all weather conditions great circle Shortest possible path between two points on the surface of a sphere GRI Group Repetition Interval The characteristic identifying period of signals emitted by each loran transmitting chain The identifier 9960 Northeast US indicates that the gap between the start of any two adjacent
37. old DGPS corrections Re ception of the DGPS data can be interrupted by bad weather severe thunderstorms extreme distance from the beacon etc You may allow the 941X to navigatefor a set period of time using this old data with no DGPS interruptions To change the data timeout period refer to page 89 7 Other Special Functions Rev D Customizing the 941X Time of Day Display Options Navigation Options Port Setup Options Service Options Geodetic Datum his section explains the various options available to you for customizing the way your 941X displays informa tion to you computes navigation data and talks to other devices Each option is changeable at any time according to your specific needs Rev D 8 Customizing the 941X Page 77 Time of Day Press the STAR key until you display the TIME OF DAY screen The time date local time zone and time of today s sunrise and sunset are shown 11 59 4 SAT AUG 12 1995 AUG 12 1995 EASTERN DAYLIGHT ERSTERH DRYLIGHT GMT 14 82 SAT AUG 12 1995 03 59 SUN AUG 13 1995 sudRISE 5 53 SUNRISE 6 50 AM SUNSET 7 55 SUNSET 7 47 PM Also displayed is the current time expressed as GMT Greenwich M ean Time Note that the day of the week in Greenwich England may be dif ferent from the day in your local time zone right screen above ES To change the time zone used for th
38. older devices may not accept sentences containing the NMEA 0183 checksum that is output by the 941X In such cases the device may not operate properly if at all If you encounter difficulty when interfacing to older equipment the 941X offers you the flexibility of turning off the NMEA 0183 checksum Move the cursor to NMEA 0183 CHECKSUMS press the EDIT menu key and use the up or down cursor key to change the setting from ON to OFF Press ENTER then RETURN when you are done 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev D connecting to a Northstar 800 series loran 5 PROMPT PORT A 941X PORT 1 941X PORT 2 brown 3 white w brown stripe 6 blue 1 brown w white stripe 2 PORT B 941X PORT 1 941X PORT 2 brown 3 white w brown stripe 6 blue 1 brown w white stripe 2 If you presently own a Northstar 800 series loran you may connect it to your 941X to serve as an ideal source of Loran C TDs and previously stored waypoint locations Use the appropriate pin wire connections and the 800 s setup sequence each listed below to initialize the data output to be received by the 941X Port lor Port 2 of the 941X or A or B of the 800 may be used Wire colors refer to the 941X s interface cable 800 OUTPUT i CONNECT TO EITHER Table 5 Connection to Northstar 800 Port A 800 OUTPUT 2 CONNECT TO EITHER amp Table 6 Connection to Northstar 800 Port B To config
39. press the right cursor arrow to move to the month or digit you wish to change To change a digit press that key on the keypad To change the month usethe up and down cursor arrow keys When the dateis correct press ENTER twice Tide information for the new date is now displayed As we previously discussed in Comparing GPS and Loran beginning on use of differential corrections significantly enhances the accuracy and performance of your 941X One source of differential corrections is Northstar s fully automatic beacon receiver which may be connected externally part 8800 to the 941X or contained internally 8500 Or you may connect another source of corrections externally see page for further details on interfacing to external sources of differential corrections The Northstar beacon receiver takes corrections broadcast by shore based marine radio beacons situated along most of the U S coastline 7 Other Special Functions Rev D Rev D automatic mode manual mode These corrections are used by your 941X to improve its position accuracy to 10 meters or better with 2 5 meters accuracy commonly available Differential corrections are invaluable when navigating in narrow or congested areas such as ports and waterways or whenever extreme ac curacy is required for locating a precise area retrieving lobster pots re turning to a diving spot etc Northstar beacon receivers require no manual operation They au
40. s controls are de scribed in this section Press the POWER switch briefly to turn on the 941X The unit displays special startup screen that includes an owner identification message which you may customize to aid in theft prevention Next the 941X dis plays the results of the internal self tests that are automatically run each timethe unit is turned on Finally navigation data is displayed DIFFERENTIAL READY BEACON RCVRINSTALLE y VALEEN MARIE BOSTON MASS SYSTEM TEST PASSED If any of the six major components of the 941X fails the self test the no tification SYSTEM TEST FAILED will remain on the screen until you acknowledge it with the press of any function key located below the dis play screen Return the 941X to the factory for service To turn the 941X off press the POWER switch and hold it in for at least one full second until the unit turns off Liquid Crystal Display LCD screens require a contrast adjustment to compensate for different viewing angles temperature conditions etc The 941X s contrast control allows you to adjust its display screen to give the best picture for your current conditions Pressing the upper contrast arrow darkens the screen and pressing the lower arrow lightens it Ad just the screen for the best contrast as seen from your normal operating location 2 Usingthe Controls Rev D SAVE MOB Key The SAVE MOB key is used to
41. savethe waypoint TDs lat lon 3 distance and bearing from your position this is often the most useful way since it may be easier to visualize 3 miles north than the digits of lat lon coordinates The letter S to the right of the waypoint name indicates that the dis played coordinates were the ones used to store the waypoint TDs vs lat lon Often a waypoint is taken from a chart by measuring the approximate coordinates with whatever accuracy is allowed by the chart When you sail to the waypoint you may find its position is slightly different than expected The 941X has a special feature that allows you to easily re calibrate the waypoint by setting its coordinates to your precise position You can also use this feature to convert approximate loran TD coordi nates to precise GPS coordinates 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D Rev D Editing Waypoints To update a waypoint s coordinates first sail to the spot where the way point will be located Press WAY PTS ROUTES then the WAYPT LIST menu key to display a list of waypoints on the screen Press the NEXT LIST menu key if necessary to show the local waypoints in order of distance from your position Your waypoint should be at or near the top of this list Use the up and down arrow keys to point to the desired way point Press the EDIT menu key and then the UPDATE COORD menu key and finally the ENTER key The new coordinates are recorded at the
42. screen a summary of DGPS operation is displayed You may see one of the following messages Rev D 3 Basic Navigation Page 29 Page 30 OLD CORRECTIONS No DGPS corrections have been received within the DGPS DATA TIMEOUT limit set in RECEIVER OPTIONS default is 1 min ute and the navigator has returned to non differential operation See GPS data time out on for details NOT INSTALLED A beacon receiver is not installed BEACON lems lied upon ACQUIRING SATS 1 The GPS receiver cannot operate in DGPS mode until it has received ephemeris data from the satellites or 2 the receiver does not have a GPS fix yet DGPS IN USE OK DGPS corrections are being received and used DGPS signal quality information for the 941X is available from the op tional internal beacon receiver or from an optional external Northstar beacon receiver Other brands of beacon receivers may supply DGPS cor rections but omit the additional signal information shown on the 941X s Screen Pressthe RETURN menu key to return to the previous screen If you have a loran receiver connected to your 941X you can navigate using loran coordinates as well as GPS J ust select loran as the source of navigation data as described below and you re on your way selecting loran To display loran TD coordinates from a loran receiver interfaced to the 941X first select loran as the navigation source as described below 1 Press the STAR key
43. screen is displayed showing all of the available NM EA 0183 sentences that will be output by the 941X PORT 1 NMEA 0183 Some devices cannot handle all of these sentences so you may use this screen to customize the output by turning individual sentences ON or OFF In general you might want to turn ON only those sentences used by the particular equipment to which you are interfacing the 941X See Table 4 on the next page for a listing of NMEA 0183 sentence identifier meanings To modify the 941X s NMEA 0183 sentence output format follow the above steps to display the 0183 sentences Three letter abbreviations identify each sentence and are listed alphabetically The sentences that 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev D will be output are followed by the word ON Those that will not be output arefollowed by two dashes signifying that they areturned OFF 1 Move the cursor arrow to the sentence you wish to change and pressthe EDIT menu key 2 Use the up down cursor keys to toggle the sentence ON or off dashes and press ENTER to make your selection or CLEAR to leaveit unchanged 3 Repeat for each sentence requiring modification Press the RETURN menu key to go back to the PORT SETUP screen when you are done If you wish to set all sentences to the factory defaults for recommended output press the SAFE RESET menu key The ALL OFF menu key enables you to conveniently turn off all sen tenc
44. source is to be used To change it press the EDIT menu key and use the up down cur sor arrow keys to make your selection Press ENT ER when you are done or CLEAR to leavethe option unchanged 8 Customizing the 941X Rev D Rev D magnetic variation GPS can beselected asthe navigation source at any time EXTERNAL LORAN can be used if a loran receiver is interfaced to the 941X and is operational PHANTOM LORAN can be used if no loran receiver is inter faced to the system but you d like to see your position displayed in TD coordinates DEMO mode is used to simulate a stationary position namely theunit s last position fix if you want to practice using the 941X without being on your boat or connected to an antenna You may enter a waypoint with the name DEMO to establish a new demo position at that waypoint s coordinates If your 941X is equipped with an internal beacon receiver dif ferential GPS corrections if available will always be used i when GPS or Phantom Loran is selected as the navigation i source NAVIGATI ON OPTIONS Compasses naturally point to the magnetic north pole which is several hundred miles from the Earth s actual north pole The difference be tween the two angles is known as magnetic variation The 941X offers you the option of choosing from True 0 Automatic the 941X calcu lates variation automatically according to your location and Manual from 0
45. the satellites current positions and is not based on actual received signals You will usually see an HDOP value displayed immediately after the unit is turned on and before it is ready to navigate Pressthe RETURN menu key to return to the previous screen To display more information about DGPS corrections that are being re ceived press the DGPS menu key on the GPS position screen A screen is displayed showing the DGPS beacon transmitter currently in use The upper part of the screen shows the beacon s name and position the fre quency of thetransmitter and the baud rate of thetransmitted data 3 Basic Navigation Rev D DGPS STATUS cot MONTAUK POINT NY isa HM 293 054 BE 100 beck Thelower part of the screen shows three bar graphs 1 SNR TheSignal to Noise Ratio SNR is a good overall measure of overall signal quality and should be as high as possible Values of 15 and higher are preferred while anything below 10 could indicate poor reception 2 SIGNAL The actual strength of the received signal should be as high as possible Varies with distance from beacon transmitter 3 NOISE Noise level measures the static caused by lightning and other atmospheric effects and should be low for best results See DGPS antenna mounting on 112 Jor further details NOISE LEVEL VALUE MEANING 200 or less 1 000 3 000 typical at night 5 000 10 000 At the bottom of the
46. until the USER CUSTOMIZATION screen is displayed Press the NAVIGATION OPTIONS menu key The NAVIGATION SOURCE line will be designated by the cursor arrow Pressthe EDIT menu key The cursor will begin flashing 3 Basic Navigation Rev D Rev D loran TDs loran GRI loran warnings 4 Press the up and down cursor arrow keys to display EXTERNAL LRN as the position source If you change your mind press CLEAR to restore the original setting otherwise press ENTER then the RETURN menu key Theloran display screen looks likethis LORAN POSITION 14182 4 26091 ux Q 1 302 1 1 23 AM WEDHESDR JAN 17 1996 Press the L L TDS menu key several times to select either the particular pair of TDs you wish to use or the loran derived latitude longitude order to display loran position coordinates on the 941X from an externally connected loran receiver the loran must support the standard NMEA 0183 RMA output data sentence structure Without this output capability the 941X will not re i i ceive position data from the loran For best results connect a i Northstar 800 series loran to the 941X using the 800 s 1 PRINTER 3 output format See connecting to a Northstar _ 800 series loran on page 223 The four digit loran Group Repetition Interval GRI is changed using the SET GRI menu key on the LORAN POSITION screen You must set this to correctly match t
47. you are using until you instruct theunit otherwise When set to automatic switching the 941X will display new distance and bearing information for the next waypoint upon arrival at the previous one It will immediately stop navigating when a lone waypoint or the last waypoint in a route has been passed To change the 941X s mode of waypoint switching position the arrow to the left of the WAYPOINT SWITCHING option and press the EDIT menu key Use the cursor arrow key to select AUTO or MANUAL Press ENTER when you are done or CLEAR to leavethe option unchanged You have arrived at a waypoint when you enter the circle determined by the waypoint s ARRIVE RADIUS or when you pass the perpendicular of the end point of the current leg you are following The 941X will signal that you have arrived by flashing the alert symbol flashing exclamation point in the lower right portion of the display You can either acknowl edge the alert by pressing the STAR key to display the ALARMS amp BACKLIGHT screen then pressing the CLEAR ALARM menu key or you can wait until it automatically clears itself once you have left the ar rive circle See for more on the 941X s various alarms 8 Customizing the 941X Rev D Rev geodetic datum cross track full scale TheARRIVE RADIUS factory default is 0 02 nautical miles approx 120 ft To change it 1 Press the STAR key to display the ALARMS amp BACKLIGHT screen
48. you can connect to a PC using the RS 232 port Following are descriptions of the RS 232 port s various settings SC 104 OUT outputs differential corrections from your 941X s internal beacon receiver to an external device that accepts the standard SC 104 data stream When using SC 104 OUT be sure that the BAUD RATE setting also matches the baud rate requirements of the receiving device SC 104 IN accepts differential corrections from any external source transmitting the standard SC 104 data stream Use this setting if your 941X is not equipped with an internal DGPS beacon receiver and you wish to receive differential corrections from an external source When using SC 104 IN besurethat the BAUD RATE setting also matches the baud rate of thetransmitting device NOTE Switching to SC 104 IN enables the 941X to receive DGPS cor i rections from an external source and disables the internal 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev copy port 1 copy port 2 diagnostic port off The COPY PORT function enables you to interface the 941X to many Personal Computers without the need for an RS 422 to RS 232 con verter Many PC application programs for waypoint route loading chart programs data logging etc can be used The function copies the out put of the specified port 10r port 2 data format NMEA 0180 NMEA 0183 DATAMARINE CDX or RAYTHEON 0183 to the RS 232 port s output for direct connection to your co
49. 74 159 161 135 154 40 158 162 157 159 139 125 152 125 152 14 ELM MEN NEM e 203 ae EIS as ELM 7 1 16 18 15 1 13 a 92 1 5 8 3 4 17 9 175 73 72 8 65 42 14 97 1 369 381 482 172 176 H ul 179 172 7 8 to to p see E H 8 fo 81 13 B am 183 8 m ss am 224 431 34 434 425 434 127 42 93 376 388 390 101 2 ida Ww w wj w o 2 1262 3 5 74 251 41 Rev D SA69 AG SA69 BO SA69 BR SA69 CH SA69 CO SA69 EC SA69 GY SA69 PA SA69 PR SA69 TT SA69 VZ SASIA SEBAS SWBAS TIMB TOK MN South American 1969 Argentina South American 1969 Bolivia South American 1969 Brazil South American 1969 Chile South American 1969 Colombia South American 1969 Ecuador South American 1969 Guyana wee D e 1 EX sues e 2 EXT SA 1969 4 541969 3 EX South American 1969 Paraguay South American 1969 Peru South American 1969 Trinidad and Tobago 2 1 5 ee Bie anne at SAND CENE EN NOE E FS1960M 7 6 6 7 4 5 6 5 4 South American 1969 Venezuela 4 7 South Asia Southeast Base Southwest Base Timbalai 1948 Malaysia Tokyo mean value 4
50. Northstar 941X Reference Manual SOFTWARE VERSION 2 05 lt TECHNOLOGIES Division Electronics Inc 30 SUDBURY ROAD ACTON MASSACHUSETTS 01720 508 897 6600 Copyright 1994 1995 1996 Northstar Technologies P N GM1100 Doc RevD WARRANTY Northstar Technologies a Division of CMC Electronics nc warrantees its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two 2 years from the date of shipment to an authorized dealer This warranty applies to the original purchaser or subsequent owner This warranty covers repair and or replacement at our option of any part or parts found to be defective provided such defects in our opinion are dueto faulty material or workmanship and are not caused by tampering abuse or normal wear warranties are F O B Northstar Technologies 30 Sudbury Road Acton Massachusetts 01720 This warranty applies only to products in normal use It does not apply to units or circuit boards defective due to improper installation physical damage tampering lightning or other electrical discharge receivers or mainframes subjected to fresh water or saltwater immersion units with altered serial numbers or units repaired by unauthorized persons or in violation of Northstar service procedures The foregoing are the only warranties expressed or implied No other warranty exists Northstar assumes no responsibility for any consequential l
51. S data is not available dashes are displayed in place of the numbers The time of day and today s day and date obtained from the GPS satel lites are displayed at the bottom of the screen Near the bottom of the screen your Speed Over Ground and Course Over Ground are displayed in large digits 3 Basic Navigation Page 25 datum status summary Using DGPS Page 26 The 941 5 speed and course readings are the result of instan i taneous measurements derived from satellite signals GPS i speed is updated every second However you may average these readings by changing the GPS speed averaging value In the center of the screen the name of the datum currently in use is dis played The datum describes the reference of the chart you are currently using the reference datum used is indicated on each chart Applying the datum corrects for any position differences between your chart and the GPS coordinate system See Geodetic Datum on for more in formation on selecting the datum for your area i NOTE When using differential GPS DGPS as your navigation source your position as displayed by the 941X may actually exceed the accuracy of some charts At the top center of the position screen is a brief status summary of the GPS receiver The following table shows the various status messages the 941X may display along with their meanings Message Meaning ACQUIRE trying to acquire sat
52. SAVE MOB keys located to the left of the display screen pressing SAVE MOB during the keypad test will save a waypoint in stead of testing the key Press and hold the CURSOR up or down key until you return to the SERVICE INFORMATION screen SERVICE INFORMATION Press this menu key to display a listing of the 941X s interface cable wir ing colors and their interface port functions The wires are also num bered according to their respective positions in the interface connector A diagram of the connector pins is shown in Figure 11 on To match the wires with their corresponding pin numbers refer to Table 2 on page 8 Customizing the 941X Page 93 Page 94 INTERFACE CABLE HIRING BLUE 2 1 WHITE BROWN 2 WHITE 2 WHITE BLUE 1 BROWH 1 2 WHITE ORAHGE BLUE WHITE 1 OUT GHD GREY 1 OUT B TELLUM 2 OUT A zem OUT ORANGE WHITE RESERVED OLET 1 OUT A RS232 TX RS232 GND RSZ32 RX Different regions of the world use various models for lat lon coordinates on ther charts called datum You should always be sure that your 941X is using the same datum as your charts Geodetic Datum Press the STAR key until you display the USER CUSTOMIZATION screen then press the NAVIGATION OPTIONS menu key Move the cursor down to GEODETIC DATUM and press EDIT Use the up or down cursor keys to scroll through the list
53. Tokyo Korea TOK OK Tokyo Okinawa TA68 Tristan Astrological 1968 S Atl VL16 Viti Levu 1916 S W Pac Isl WE60 Wake Eniwetok 1960 WGS72 WGS 1972 WGS 72 WGS84 WGS 1984 WGS Zanderij S America INTL 358 Table 1 Datum List EVRST 6 202 5 7 1 128 1 1841 483 128 1 5 8 8 1 0 8 7 INTL 43 CL1880 3 HOUGH 37 41 36 47 33 33 33 26 16 38 662 665 661 36 5 39 men 2m EM 2 oe Ee ee NE E 3 A NOE En Ble 8 INT oar wr wes Bm ree SN 23 662 Ben aer 5 INTE 609 pa casso ELS BC BECSOMEEC ERE EIL X cwescippum ee Be do Rev D 8 Customizing the 941X Page 97 Page 98 8 Customizing the 941X Rev D Installation and Interfacing Mounting the 941X Wiringthe 941X System GPS Antenna Location DGPS Antenna Coupler ACU Interfacing the 941X Programming the Output Ports RS 232 Port E SESSEL Es Q TLOOT LAS TEN ILO This section includes all the information needed
54. UTE SAILFISHING Rev D 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page 45 inserting add waypoints to the route press the INSERT menu key A list of waypoints stored waypoints is displayed SELECT waver ESS ENTER SELECT WAYPT BRIDGE 25 46 500 ACARTHUR CEHY 80 08 660 9 14335 0 43912 0 AN MARCO ISLAND 80 10 005 Scroll the waypoint list up or down using the cursor keys to designate the desired waypoint and press ENTER The selected waypoint is now in the route Press the NEXT LIST menu key if you wish to select different waypoints from the alpha local or saved lists A voidance t points cannot be used as waypoints in a route Repeat for each waypoint you wish to enter You can insert a waypoint in any part of a route Waypoints are always inserted into the route at the point indicated by the arrow at the left of the screen Movethe arrow so that it is halfway between the two existing waypoints of the route where you want the new waypoint to be located Follow the inserting waypoints procedure above for inserting this new waypoint into the route creating new You can also create a new waypoint as you enter it into the route After waypoints pressing INSERT from the NEW ROUTE waypoints screen press NEW during route from the SELECT WAYPT screen Enter the name with description if entry you wish and coordinates of your new waypoint Press ENTER The new
55. Waypoints HAYPT 29 22 800 N 80 31 090 To store a waypoint permanently in the 941X s memory first assign it a name The name can be from 1to 6 characters long and it must differ by at least one character from any other waypoint name in the unit s mem ory Enter the desired waypoint name If you wish you may also enter up to 16 characters of descriptive information for the waypoint on the line be low the name the description is optional i y y message is displayed indicating you cannot use that name You can either erase the old waypoint if it is no longer needed or choose a different name for the new waypoint The name of the new waypoint need only be different from the existing Rev D 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page 37 Page 38 waypoint coordinates Waypoint coordinates be entered as lat lon coordinates loran TDs or as distance and bearing from your present location or from any way point in the 941X s memory To change the coordinate type from what is currently displayed press the COORD TYPE menu key until you seethe option you want Enter the waypoint coordinates as previously described on page 36 If you make a mistake press CLR to erase any characters from the line and start over otherwise press ENTER when the screen is correct If you are entering coordinates as distance and bearing the 941X nor mally asks for thes
56. You may navigate directly from your pre sent position to a designated waypoint To start on a waypoint other than the first use the cursor keys to move the pointer to the desired waypoint as in screen 1 above Press the GO menu key then ENTER 2 ALONG A LEG You may tell the 941X that you want to navigate along a designated leg of the route Movethe cursor down until it Rev D 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Page 59 Page 60 planning ETA to any waypoint changes to a connecting arrow between the two waypoints as in screen 2 above Press the GO menu key then ENTER To start following the route select the waypoint or leg you want to start on press the GO menu key then ENTER Before you actually start the route you can display planning information about the route in the GO ALONG ROUTE screen An estimate of the time required to travel to the selected waypoint is displayed near the top As you scroll the pointer up or down the ETA will change for each way point This estimate is based on the Speed Over Ground figure displayed at the bottom of the screen 1 18 117 0 35 165 0 54 166 To change this figure press the USUAL SOG menu key and enter the new value to be used in calculating the time Use the cursor arrow keys again to scroll through the Estimated Times of Arrival for different way points of the route To access the USUAL SOG and waypoint ETA features from any screen proceed as th
57. akespeare 4 173 loaded or Radio Shack 21934 Page B3 F 1575 MHz 2 MH Combo GPS ae pue Finish Outdoor Weatherable Polymer DGPS Antenna Polarization Right Hand Circular Weight 22 Ounces Axial Ration 3dB Max e Altitude 12 000 Feet Noise Figure 2 5 dB Max e Temperature 409 C to 702 C e Impedance 50 Ohm e VSWR lt 2 0 1 e Band Rejection 35dB 1625 MHz e Power Handling 1Watt IEC Compliance Immunity to electromagnetic environment 1988 92 amend Radiated emissions IEC 945 1995 per 17 3 17 4 Low temperature 945 1995 per 4 5 4 2 4 Dry heat IEC 945 1995 per 4 5 2 Page 134 Appendix Rev D GLOSSARY accuracy absolute accuracy the accuracy of displayed lat long coordi nates of your present position as compared to lat long determined from a chart or other reference source repeatable accuracy the ability to return to the same location using a receiver s previousl y obtained coordinates acquisition The procedure during which a GPS receiver attempts to track satellites before a position fix can be computed almanac Data describing the precise orbits of GPS satellites obtained automatically from satellite signals and stored in a GPS receiver The receiver requires about 15 minutes to collect almanac data the first time it is turned on Thereafter it can usually use the alma nac data collected previously chain A group of loran transmitters comprised
58. ant to trawl at a certain optimum speed You will see a slower changing more steady display of your speed with a high degree of accuracy Shorter averaging times however will give you a quicker changing display of your speed but with less accu racy 8 Customizing the 941X Page 87 Page 88 S To change the speed averaging value beacon frequency beacon baud rate dgps operation 1 Move the cursor arrow in front of the GPS SPEED AVERAGING option and press the EDIT menu key 2 Use the up down cursor keys to select an averaging time of two to 10 seconds or OFF 3 Press ENTER to make the change or CLEAR to leave the value at it previous setting You may change the speed averaging value at any time without affecting other 941X navigation functions RECEIVER OPTIONS If your 941X either contains an internal beacon receiver or is interfaced to an external Northstar beacon receiver you can set the 941X to control the beacon receiver automatically or control it manually yourself Under automatic control the receiver scans for nearby beacon transmitters and uses the one having the best signal for your area It finds the beacon fre quency and data transfer baud rate then receives data fully automati cally If you prefer you can set the beacon frequency and baud rate manually to tune in a particular beacon transmitter Refer to the manual mode operation of the internal beacon receiver on For normal opera tion
59. ation selection of the beacon receiver by issuing tuning commands from the keypad man 7 Other Special Functions 75 Page 76 DGPS data timeout ual mode the beacon receiver will output DGPS corrections only from the selected station Though the need for manual operation is rare it is easily accessed from your 941X keypad To manually choose a beacon you must select the frequency and baud rate the beacon s data transmission speed of the desired beacon 1 Tofirst changethe frequency press the STAR key until you display theUSER CUSTOMIZATION screen 2 Press the RECEIVER OPTIONS menu key Move the cursor to BEACON FREQUENCY and pressthe EDIT menu key 3 Press the down cursor key once to change from AUTO to MANUAL A beacon transmitter frequency will appear to the right of the word MANUAL 4 Usetheright cursor key to highlight the digits you wish to change Enter the appropriate frequency and press ENTER when you are done You may also manually set the baud rate for the selected beacon fre quency However it is strongly recommended to leave the BEACON BAUD RATE settingat AUTO A non Northstar external beacon receiver cannot be manually controlled by the 941X unless it supports the MX50R control protocol Refer to the beacon receiver manufacturer s instruc If the beacon receiver stops receiving differential data the 941X will continue navigating for a short time using the
60. ats apply only to theSTEERING screen not to the 3 D steer screen The options represent the entire distance limit on your screen from complete left to complete right Therefore a cross track distance setting of 1000 feet will display 500 feet to either side of your track line while choice of mile will display limits of V4 mile to either side and so forth S To change the setting press the EDIT menu key and use the up down cursor keys to scroll through the available choices Press ENTER when you are done or CLEAR to leave the option unchanged If necessary modify the DISPLAY OPTION setting to enable your choice of either feet or meters in the cross track display steer dist NAVIGATION OPTIONS PrEcISION The STEER DIST PRECISION function offers an extra level of accuracy to the distance to waypoint display on the STEERING and 3 D STEER screens Situated in the upper left portion of the screens the distance to waypoint is normally displayed in tenths of miles or kilometers By changing the STEER DIST PRECISION option from NORMAL to HIGH the distance to waypoint display will increment in feet or meters once you have come within LO mile or kilometer of the destination way pol nt 3D STEER TURN B steere 3248 116 14 07 116 EAGLES 1 9 25 E 8 25 Page 86 8 Customizing the 941X Rev D Rev D Re
61. ave it un changed NOTE If you do not want to be notified of any other navigational alarms set the ANCHOR DRAG CROSS TRACK ARRIVE RADIUS and DGPS alarms to OFF The audible alert will now only beep when you enter an avoidance area The 941X s avoidance alarm is intended only as an extra added safety feature to help make you aware of possible hazards It does not replace local knowledge proper use of charts the per son on watch or any other aspects of good seamanship that are required for safe navigation Page 40 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D Waypoi nt Lists Waypoints contained in your 941X can be displayed in any of four ways Press the WAYPTS ROUTES function key then the WAYPT LIST menu key to display waypoint lists Use the NEXT LIST menu key to se lect the list that is best for your current situation Each press of the NEXT LIST menu key displays a waypoint list in the following order ALPHA SAVED AVOID and LOCAL then starting again at ALPHA wayPTs 25 46 739 80 08 754 25 46 950 3 36 Toav 80 09 114 29 23 500 80 13 800 25 40 001 80 09 294 ALPHA list all waypoints in alpha SAVED list all waypoints betical order created via SAVE MOB key with most recent first 2 911 228 H XU AVOID list Avoidance
62. ble neret tno deep 6 repeatable 2 7 8 9 updating Waypoints 2 42 ACQUIRE indicatoren e HER HH ere Ug 2 AG ie 101 108 109 110 112 133 ALARMS ariclior drag oin tee bytes 40 70 amp 40 71 85 AVOIDANCE areas ied oi cd esee 40 Cross tlack 5 CR Inns 40 70 listing of types cecinit d 68 ANT45 antetina zs foie vies nier Eo ate ede cd ree Ee ER UFU 106 150 Seti terae Eee 106 AN190 combo 2 106 DGPS oie 103 108 111 112 GPS ns Seid ent nite ots 9 101 103 104 106 107 artive raditis 5 statin Anean 40 71 84 caedit b Medel eet dyes boe det de deret Pes t DAE Peau 49 avoidance 4 5 10 22 23 39 40 42 43 46 DEACON 9 30 83 88 101 108 12 124 BNC connector 107 le enar i ee M 5 10 CNAME uiderunt dut ee 23 26 42 94 Checksulmszi ise reve inerte siete dais 117 122 CLEAR ALARM menu Key rer eret iie e 3 Page 138 Index Rev D CONTRAST MM TRE 14 COPY PORT
63. ceiver Options GPS speed averaging To change the STEER DIST PRECISION option press the EDIT menu key and use the up down cursor keys to scroll among the choices of HIGH or NORMAL Press ENTER when you are done or CLEAR to leavethe option unchanged Both steering information screens will now reflect your preference when you areless than one mile or kilometer from your destination The 941X s RECEIVER OPTIONS provide you with advanced control capability over several of the unit s GPS and DGPS navigation functions RECEIVER OPTIONS GPS SPEED gt AVERAGING 2 SECONDS BEACON FREQUENCY AUTO BEACON BAUD RATE AUTO DGPS OPERATION ENABLED DGPS DATA TIMEOUT 60 SEC LOWEST SAT ELEVATION 40 DEGREES PRESS EDIT TO CHANGE When not using Differential GPS you may notice that Speed Over Ground readings obtained from the GPS satellite system are slightly er ratic varying by up to several knots The 941X s SPEED AVERAGING function can often improve the steadiness of these readings at the ex pense of a slightly longer display reaction time when the speed changes Thetime over which your speed is averaged by the 941X may be selected with this function with values between two and ten seconds available Averaging may also be turned OFF completely for the quickest possible reaction time A longer averaging time is useful at lower speeds where the highest ac curacy is required such as when you w
64. ces where high precision fixes are necessary the advanced user can modify this option to hide any low satellites thereby preventing their use as sources of GPS position information and avoiding potential errors If needed this option is adjustable from 0 to 25 in 5 increments The 941X allows you to connect or interface directly with a variety of external devices such as autopilots radars depth sounders computers ec Connection is made through any of three data transmission ports lo cated on the back side of the 941X two NMEA ports and one RS 232 port Each is capable of operating independently thereby giving you the flexibility of driving or talking to three separate devices simultane ously The ports are also independently configurable to meet the specifi cations of most peripheral navigation equipment This ensures a customized setup for virtually any NMEA 0183 compatible device Once configured the 941X will continuously send a stream of data to the de vice s 8 Customizing the 941X Rev D Service Options serial number Rev D SELECT ITEM WITH CURSO PRESS EDIT TO CHANCE PORT SETUP OPTIONS PORT 1 SETUP OUTPUT FORMAT 0183 V2 1 MMER 8183 TRLKER ID GP MMER 8183 LL PRECISION tort Ta OUTPUT RATE 2 SECONDS gt S22 SCIO4 IN m 9600 NUMBER 8183 CHECKSUMS ON Refer to Programming the Outpu
65. cting accurate speed and course lat lon display built in plotter shows 1 your position relativeto nearby waypoints 2 your recent track line 3 your intended course line and 4 avoidance areas against a latitude longitude grid al e tide prediction software integrated with navigation display at any NOAA tide station for today or any other date e stores up to 1000 waypoints and 500 routes displays waypoints 1 in alphabetical order 2 in order of distance from your present position 3 saved with the SAVE button 4 stored as avoidance points e plots position of 1 nearby waypoints 2 routes 3 avoidance areas 1 Introduction Rev D Fu nctions Ave keys on 941X instantly select the most commonly used func tions as described below POSITION displays position coordinates as 1 GPS lat lon coordinates 2 loran TDs if you havea loran receiver interfaced to the unit 3 or calculated Phantom Loran TDs if you don t Speed and Course Over Ground and Time and Date are also displayed An alternate position screen plots your position graphically along with any nearby waypoints and your track history STEER shows how to steer precisely along a course line to your current waypoint It also displays your Cross Track Error Estimated time to waypoint Estimated Time of Arrival Course Over Ground Speed Over Ground Speed of Advance etc 3 The STAR key displays alarm conditions and tide inf
66. curved line a Mercator chart and is the default method of calculating distance and bearing to waypoints by the 941X Rhumb line navigation maintains a constant true direction to your desti nation seen as a straight line on a Mercator chart but is a somewhat longer route to travel over great distances than the Great Circle calcula tion A Rhumb Line course may be desired if a Great Circle route is likely to take you precipitously close to bad weather or an unavoidable land mass You may choose between nautical miles and knots kilometers and kilo meters per hour or statute miles and miles per hour for the 941X s vari ous distance and speed displays respectively To change this option press EDIT then use the cursor keys to scroll among the available choices Press ENTER to make your selection or CLEAR to leavethe option unchanged 8 Customizing the 941X Page 79 Page 80 time display lat lon display max saved waypoint This option determines whether feet or meters will be used in the STEERING screen s CROSS TRACK display and in both steering screens distance to waypoint displays when HIGH is selected as theSTEER DIST PRECISION option both selected under NAVIGATION OPTIONS see pages 85 ana B6 respec DISPLAY OPTIONS Time of day may be displayed in either 12 or 24 hour format The option you select here affects all of the 941X s time related displays
67. e For example when entering data such as a way point s name or coordinates press the down arrow to move the cursor downwards to a particular field of data and press the right arrow key to movethe cursor to a particular character in that field Cursor Keys The 12 button alphanumeric keypad is used for entering numbers letters or special characters for waypoint coordinates names etc PR Keypad entering When the 941X is expecting you to enter numbers only such as for way numbers point coordinates the keypad keys enter one digit 0 9 with each key press Theflashing cursor moves automatically to the next digit position For entries such as latitude and longitude where the digits must be en tered into specific character positions the cursor starts on the left side of the field and characters are entered left to right into their correct po sitions For other numeric entries such as distances where a number of variable length may be entered the digits are entered calculator style from the 2 ev D 2 Usingthe Controls Page 17 right side of the field If you make a mistake you can press CLEAR to dear the entire number and re enter it or you can press the left arrow cursor key to reenter particular digits one at a time entering letters When the 941X is expecting letters to be entered such as waypoint names and descriptions the operation is slightly different Each key is labeled with three letters or other s
68. e boat image will snap back to pointing straight The 3 D STEER display features a three dimensional view of your boat the current waypoint the course line to the waypoint and the locations of any other nearby waypoints It is intended to provide a comprehensive picture of your progress toward the waypoint 3D STEER wavet TURN 1 TE 0 00 0 87 112 14 0 112 TURH 1 LRGLR B 25 HH Page 58 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Rev D To follow a route that has been stored in the 941X s memory press the WAY PTS ROUTES key then the ROUTE LIST menu key Usethe cur sor keys to select the route you wish to follow and then press the GO menu key Thefirst four waypoints of the route are displayed Navigating Along Routes GO ALONG ROUTE 1 18 117 0 35 H 1655 URN 1 E ELOY CHANNEL RIDGE ef IRCRRTHUR CSW 0 64 166 starti n g th e GO ALONG ROUTE T GO ALONG ROUTE route DOCK MELOY CHANNEL TM 0355 165 BRIDGE ARTHUR 5 TURN 24 TURN 2 MAIN CHANNEL 4 MAIN CHANNEL 1 2 Notice that the arrow shape alternates as you move the cursor up and down The first arrow shape designates a single waypoint of the route The second designates a leg connecting two waypoints The two shapes allow you to start following a route in either of two ways Ss 1 DIRECT TO WAYPOINT
69. e coordinates relative to your current position known as HERE HAYPT e SATLF s BEST SAILFISH FROM HERE BEARING 122 DISTANCE _ 57 5 To select an entirely different location from which distance and bearing are to be measured such as an existing waypoint press the FROM menu key A waypoint list is displayed You can press the NEXT LIST or COORD OPTION menu keys to help select the waypoint Usethe up and down cursor arrow keys to point to the desired waypoint Press the ENTER key to designate this waypoint and return to the previ ous screen If you wish instead to use your present position as the refer ence point press the FROM HERE menu key on the FROM POSITION screen 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D Rev avoidance area FROM POSITION 5 ENTER 25 46 438 79 32 642 26 03 340 9423 557 8 37 36 TODAY 80 09 1 14 If this new waypoint is to be used as the center of an avoidance area en ter the warning radius at the bottom of the screen in the WARN RADIUS box If no radius is entered the point will be treated as a regular way point and not as an avoidance area You may designate new or existing waypoints as avoidance areas Avoid ance areas are depicted on the PLOT screen as waypoints with circles around them In addition an alarm will be given both as an audio beep and a flashing exclamatio
70. e time display both here and in other time displays press the TIME ZONE menu key and use the up or down cursor arrow keys to select the desired zone and standard or day light time Press ENTER to usethe new time zone To access the 941X s display options press the STAR key until you dis Display Options play the USER CUSTOMIZATION screen USER CUSTOMIZATION ISPLAY OPTIONS AVIGATION OPTIONS ORT SETUP OPTIONS ERVICE INFORMATION Press the DISPLAY OPTIONS menu key The following choices are shown Page 78 8 Customizingthe 941X Rev D Rev distance bearing D as dist speed units DISPLAY OPTIONS DISTRHCE BEARING As GREAT CIRCLE DIST SPEED UNITS NM KNOTS TIME DISPLAY 12 HOUR DISPLRYS XX XX KKK SAVED WAYPT d 100 5 MESSAGE SET IN MESSAGE DISPLAY OPT To change any of the options described below select it by using the cursor keys to move the arrow at the left of the screen and then press the EDIT menu key The field will begin to flash waiting for you to change it using the up down cursor keys or the keypad The 941X offers you the choice of calculating the distance and bearing to your intended destination as either a GREAT CIRCLE route or a RHUMB LINE The shortest distance between any two points on the surface of a sphere is called a Great Circle route It appears as a
71. ed on or off 1 Select ALARM AUDIO using the up down cursor arrow keys 2 Pressthe EDIT ALARM menu key 3 Usethe up down cursor arrow keys to display OFF or ON 4 Press ENTER to make your selection or OFF to leave it unchanged 7 Other Special Functions Page 69 anchor watch cross track alarm Page 70 When ALARM AUDIO is set to ON the 941X will audibly alert you to any of the alarm conditions turned ON at the ALARMS amp BACKLIGHT screen The anchor watch feature of the 941X will sound an alarm if the unit de tects that the boat has moved a specified distance away from an initial position 1 Pressthe DROP ANCHOR menu key at the spot where the anchor is dropped 2 Press ENTER in responseto the question window prompt 3 Move the cursor arrow to ANCHOR ALARM and press the EDIT ALARM menu key 4 Usethe up down cursor keys to turn the alarm ON 5 Movethe cursor to the right and use the keypad to specify the dis tance the boat can be expected to move on its anchor chain plus a Safety factor to allow for GPS or loran inaccuracy 6 Press ENTER Remember to turn the ANCHOR WAT CH alarm off before intentionally moving away from the anchor drop point The cross track alarm allows you to specify the maximum distance the boat will be permitted to move from the track line without sounding an alarm You can turn the cross track alarm on or off and specify the alarm distance from the track
72. een RUDIO ANCHOR ALARM ON 0 04 CROSS TRACK OFF 0 10 ARRIVE RADIUS 0 02 1 DGPS ALARM ON 1 Introduction Rev D Rev D Using This Manual The alarm message NO GPS POSITION FIX along with its time and date are shown in the RECENT ALARMS box The word NEW in the upper right corner of the box indicates that this is a previously unac knowledged message This sequence is a normal part of powering up the 941X for the first time as it notifies you that it is in the process of acquiring satellite in formation necessary for navigation It normally takes only two to five minutes to acquire this data after which the 941X is ready to navigate This alarm condition usually occurs in units shipped to customers lo cated more than several hundred miles from the Northstar factory and only the first time the 941X is turned on after being installed Press the CLEAR ALARM menu key to the right of the display screen to acknowledge and clear the message Press the POSITION key below the left of the screen to return to the main GPS POSITION screen The 941X is now ready to navigate For more on alarms see page 68 If you wish to proceed directly to navigating with the 941X skip to Your 941X was designed to be an easy to use full function GPS naviga tor understandable in the information it displays and dependable in its performance This Reference Manual is intended to complement that ease of use by illust
73. ellites SKY SEARCH searching for satellites with no previous information TRACKING satellites have been acquired almost ready to navigate 2D NAV navigating with 3 satellites in 2 D mode 3D NAV navigating with 4 or more satellites in 3 D mode POOR FIX tracking satellites with poor geometry accuracy COMM FAIL communication link to GPS sensor has failed unit needs repair In the upper right corner of the GPS POSITION screen is an indicator that shows whether Differential GPS DGPS corrections are in use If your installation includes an optional Northstar internal differential GPS receiver or other external source of differential corrections navigational accuracy will be significantly improved when this indicator is present 3 Basic Navigation Rev D Rev D satellite status For further information on operating in DGPS mode refer to Internal Differential Beacon Receiver on 42 26 289 21205 821 0 3 101 WEDNESDAY 11 55 AM JAN 17 1996 With DGPS active you will often see position measurements accurate to about 2 5 meters speed measurements accurate to about 0 1 knot and Course Over Ground measurements accurate to about 0 5 degree DGPS corrections remove the errors caused by Selective Availability SA and the atmosphere and provide an accuracy exceeding that obtained by military users of the GPS system If the DGPS indicator is displayed you have this higher level of accuracy For the
74. entation of the tide height for the entire day Maximum and minimum heights are shown as dashed horizontal lines labeled with the height in feet Mean Lower Low Water MLLW is shown as a solid line near the bottom of the picture A vertical line and arrow are positioned to show the tide level for the cur rent time At the bottom of the screen the times of the day s high and low tides are shown for that location along with the height at the present time You may display tide information for any of over 3000 NOAA tide sta tions stored in the 941X You can select from any of the ninetide stations closest to your present position or you may select from any of nine tide stations closest to any waypoint stored in the 941X 7 Other Special Functions Rev D To choose a nearby tide station press the CONFIG key while viewing the TIDE TRACK screen TIDE TRACK CONFIGURATIO HODSE CLOSEST TIDE STATION HODSE CLOSEST STATION TO HAYPT station CUTLER owe APRs 1994 Press the CHOOSE CLOSEST TIDE STATION menu key The 941X will search for the nine closest stations to your present position and pre sent a list like the following organized by closest station at the top SELECT TIDE STATION TURKEY POINT ELLIOT KEY ELLIOT KEY HB RAGGED KEYS SOLDIER KEY CHRISTMAS PT ADAMS KEY TOTTEN KEY Use the up and down arrow keys to point to the desired station and press ENTER t
75. equal partner with the antenna in producing quality signals for the 941 DGPS beacon receiver Essentially the ground system provides a secure connection to a large electrical mass ideally the earth itself On a vessel this means establishing electrical contact with the sea On a steel vessel a good connection to the hull or steel pilothouse is sufficient Wood or fiberglass vessels require a metal ground plate If the metal ground plate is impractical the engine block or the negative battery terminal can sometimes be used but only as a second choice Lack of proper grounding can adversely affect beacon signal strength as well as SNRs and is the most common source of problems with beacon antenna installations The 8410 ACU has a separate black ground wire inside the coupler base This wire is the AC signal ground connection from the antenna input circuit The purpose of bringing it out is to make available a separate signal ground path Other electrical equipment onboard can cause large amounts of electrical noise even at points that appear well grounded Try several ground points ground plate vessel ground engine block etc to determine which works best under different conditions 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 109 Assembling the ACU ACU FLAT GASKET O RING DIMPLE FOR ACU BASE DRILLING COAX EXIT HOLE 5 16 DIA when required BOSS FOR WRENCH GRIP ANTENNA COUPLING UNIT ACU Figure 9 ACU Asse
76. er Ground Course Over Ground Miscellaneous Functions Anchor watch Avoidance Area Alarm GPS clock TideTrack Tide data by Marisystems I nc LI Frequency C A code SPS 12 channel continuous track ing Sensitivity C No 234 dB Hz Navigation Accuracy 3m 2DRMS with Differential 100m 2DRMS without Differential S A on Navigation update rate 1per second Appendix Rev D Interfaces Physical Features Rev D Time To First Fix 30 seconds typical Dynamics Velocity 1800 km h Acceleration 4my sec erk 2m se Operating Modes 2D Nav 3 or more satellites 3D Nav 4 or more satellites visible SC 104 Processes all USCG SC 104 message types including Land 9 EMI FCC Part 15 subpart J e Two bi directional NMEA 1 0 ports e One bi directional RS 232 port Waypoint upload download capability Operating software upload NMEA output sentences APB BOD BWC BWC 15 GGA GLC GLL GLL 15 GSA GSV HSC RMA RMB RMC RNN 15 VTG WCV WPL XTE ZDA ZTG conforms to NMEA v 2 1 NMEA input sentences WPL and others Accepts external differential corrections Accepts external loran receiver Dimensions 10 8 W x 6 5 H x 3 3 D Slim mount anywhere waterproof unit 320 x 240 pixel high temperature backlit transflective graphics LCD Large 5 75 easy to read screen High contrast screen with anti reflection coating to minimize glare Audio beeper for alarms and confirmati
77. ere last using Press it again to seethe other version The STAR key 26 has several functions The first press displays any alarms and messages the 941X has waiting for you The second press displays information about tides for your choice of over 3000 NOAA tide stations Thethird press displays the time of day and the time of today s sunrise and sunset The fourth press displays a menu of setup and cus tomization functions used whenever you wish to change the way the 941X works for you The WAY PTS ROUTES key allows you to enter waypoints and routes access a library of waypoints and routes that you have entered previ ously or specify where you want to navigate to See Sections 4 and 5 for waypoint and route information 2 Usingthe Controls Rev D Page 16 NAV LOG key TheNAV LOG key displays the waypoints you have passed and allows you to change those ahead of you See What NAV LOG Does on page Rav Loo for more information How am doing The fi d MENU Kk the right side of the displ Menu Keys LOC eys on the right side of the display screen are used for different purposes depending on what function is currently be ing used or displayed The function of each key is labeled on the screen and pressing the key performs the displayed function A large cursor pad in the upper right corner of the 941X allows you to move the flashing cursor on the display screen to the data you want to display or chang
78. es in the event you wish to then turn on only a select few for output 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 119 Page 120 NMEA 0183 talker ID The meaning of the NM EA 0183 three letter identifiers are 0183 IDENTIFIER Autopilot Sentence B Bearing to Destination Bearing amp Distance to Wpt Great Circle Geographic Position Loran C GPS DOP and Active Satellites GPS Satellites In View GGA GPS Fi Daa HSC Heading Steering Command Latitude Longitude 20 Estimated Time of Ariva WmeT Go Table 4 NMEA 0183 Sentence Identifiers APB BOD BWC GGA GLC GLL GSA GSV HSC RMA RMB RMC VTG WPL XTE ZDA ZTG PORT 1 PORT 2 SETUP Part of the NMEA 0183 standard requires that the equipment you are interfaced to the listener know what type of device is transmitting the data The talker ID tells the listener that it is receiving information from a navigation source the 941X and not a communications or sensor device which transmit completely different and therefore unusable forms of data The talker D enables you to configure the 941X s output data to tell the listener it is receiving data from a loran LC or GPS GP navigator or Integrated Instrumentation 11 The choice you make depends on what 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev D NMEA 0183 lat lon precision the listener device is expecting Check the listener device s i
79. f what the 941X is all about and how you can use it to your best advantage Rev D 1 Introduction Page 1 NORTHSTAR 941X bi 12 channel GPS navigation with Introduction iod Differential GPS capability high definition display loran compati Page2 Upon First Start up bility built in tide data up to the year 2010 and many other navigation features For the ultimate in GPS accuracy the 941X may be purchased as the 941XD featuring an internal DGPS Differential GPS receiver This ad vanced system gives you even greater accuracy by accepting Differential GPS signal corrections from shore based transmitters called bea cons and using them to display position fixes as accurate as 2 5 me ters You can also connect your 941X to any external source of DGPS corrections meeting the SC 104 standard such as the Northstar 8800 DGPS Sensor When you turn your 941X on for the very first time you may be greeted with a flashing exclamation point symbol in the lower right portion of the GPS POSITION screen and the word ACQUIRE or SKY SEARCH in the status box at the top The flashing exclamation point simply means that an alarm message is present and waiting for your acknowledgment 1 2 1 2 TUESDAY 28 199 see the message press the STAR key once The ALARMS AND BACKLIGHT screen will be displayed NO GPS POSITION FIX 8 44 TODAY Prav
80. g the Cross Track error display Course 1 below and continueto the waypoint 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Page 61 COURSE1 COURSE2 am hme 7 AC NEW COURSE LINE ORIGINAL COURSE OBSTACLE LINE If you do not need to return to the original course line you can continue directly to the waypoint Course 2 using the restart function described below To restart your course line from your present position display the LOG screen or the POSITION PLOTTER screen Press the RESTART menu key then the ENTER key The 941X will recompute the course line to extend from your present position directly to the next waypoint re setting your cross track error to zero 660 08 368 83 60 08 RESTART DIRECT MAYPT TURN 2 YES PRESS ENTER PRESS CLEAR BEEN d J 0 64 1555 ans x aaa dE 62 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Rev D The NAV LOG Function What NAVLOG Does 64 Logging Your Trip Changing Your Trip Adding Waypoints to the Trip 811818 The Northstar 941 LOG function provides a quick and easy way to check on your progress along a trip and to make changes to it while you travel Rev D 6 The NAV LOG Function Page 63 Page 64 Does ETA and ETE pass status restart HE North 41X s NAV L feat h
81. he 941X to be back ward compatible with marine equipment previously designed for this earlier version of 0183 Details for using the 0183 format are given in the following section NM EA 0183 and RAY 0183 sentences on page 118 DATAMARINE CDX is required by Datamarine s cross track error indi cators the latest of which display distance and bearing to your waypoint 0183 RAY is used when transmitting receiving position information to from Raytheon equipment It uses Raytheon s non standard NMEA 0183 checksum where on output the checksum is not included and on 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 117 NMEA 0183 and Page 118 RAY 0183 sentences inputto the 941X the checksum is ignored It should be noted that with the checksum ignored on input there is a possibility of the 941X receiv ing contaminated NMEA data when it is connected to an external Ray theon loran Format is supported on PORT 1 and PORT 2 Thesetting NONE is used when the 941X is not connected to an external device PORT 1 PORT 2 SETUP NMEA 0183 is perhaps the most widely accepted standard of data transfer used in marine electronics devices today It enables GPS and lo ran navigators for instance to talk to plotters radars charting in struments and other electronics by means of a common language When either NMEA 0183 or RAY 0183 is selected as the output format after pressing the EDIT menu key and ENTER is pressed a
82. he GRI being used by your loran receiver for the 941X to accurately convert the loran s TDs to latitude longitude position fixes Loran warning indicators obtained from any Northstar 800 series loran receiver are displayed to the right of each TD These 3 Basic Navigation Page31 loran info checking GPS status returning to GPS navigation Using Phantom Page 32 Loran Phantom Loran operation INDICATOR 7 MEANNG SNR Signal to Noise Ratio is low use caution BLNK Coast Guard is transmitting a blink signal indicat ing a probable transmitter problem LOCK the receiver has locked onto the loran track point This is not a warning indicator but an indication of normal performance Note These indicators are available only from Northstar 800 lorans The L L indicator to the left of aTD designates it as one of the two TDs that the loran receiver has chosen to use to calculate latitude and longi tude The F L indicator to the left of a TD indicates that it has been forced by the user to be used to calculate lat lon To check the quality of signals being received by your loran press the LORAN INFO menu key from the LORAN POSITION screen The Sig nal to Noise Ratio for each loran transmitting station is displayed graphically Press RET URN to go back to the loran position screen To temporarily display GPS coordinates and signal status press the CHECK GPS menu key The uni
83. ic access code number and repeating the above pro cedure The 941X will allow three attempts to enter the correct access code after that all operations will freeze requiring the user to shut power off then turn it back on again in order to resume functioning 8 Customizing the 941X Page81 Page 82 Navigation Options navigation source Press the RETURN menu key to return to the USER CUSTOMIZATION screen The following options control aspects of navigation and the use of GPS and Differential GPS Press the STAR key until you display the USER CUSTOMIZATION screen Press the NAVI GATION OPTIONS menu key to display the following choices NAVIGATION OPTIONS NAVIGATION gt SOURCE GPS MAGHETIC VARIATION AUTO WAYPOINT SHITCHING AUTO MGSBd CROSS TRACK FULL scale 1 2 NM STEER DIST Precision NORMAL T ITEM WITH CUR PRESS EDIT TO CHANGE To change any of the displayed options move the cursor arrow to that item and press the EDIT menu key Use the cursor keys to scroll through available choices or the keypad to enter specific values NAVIGATION OPTIONS The 941X s position displays and navigation to a waypoint are based on position information obtained from any one of four available navigation sources e GPS an external loran receiver e Phantom Loran coordinates calculated from GPS coordinates or DEMO mode Use the NAVIGATION SOURCE option to select which
84. instant you press the UPDATE COORD menu key EDIT HAYPT UPDATE POSITION OF WAYPT 50 2 YES PRESS ENTER PRESS CLEAR 29 46 739 N BO OB 754 M To change any information about a waypoint you have already stored except the type of coordinates used to save it use the EDIT WAY POINT function Press the WAY PTS ROUTES key then the WAY PT LIST menu key to display a list of waypoints Use the up and down arrow keys to point to the desired waypoint Press the EDIT menu key You may change the name description coordinates and or warning radius of the waypoint Set the warning radius to zero if you want to remove the avoidance fea ture from this waypoint In addition you can press the UPDATE COORD menu key to correct the waypoint s coordinates as described in the previous section Press the ERASE menu key to permanently erase the waypoint from the 941X s memory Note You can t erase it if it is used in a route you must first erase it from the route See Changing a Route on for more route editing information 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page43 Transferring Waypoints to a PC Creating Routes Page 44 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D EDIT HAYPT KEY BISCAYNE 25943 704 N B0 09 08 M If you store a large number of waypoints or routes in the 941X or if your waypoints are the only records you have of important
85. irst press the WAYPTS ROUTES key and then press the ROUTE LIST menu key to access route functions The names of any routes al ready stored are displayed 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page47 Pressthe SAVE menu key on the lower right of the display to instruct the 941X to begin saving a route automatically A screen is displayed asking you to enter the name of the new route to be saved SAVE ROUTE 6 ROUTES STORED 23 4 FULL Enter the name of the new route to be saved using the keypad and cur sor arrow keys and press ENTER The 941X displays the message SAVING TO route name at the bottom of the ROUTES screen con firming that your route is now being saved route name Page 48 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D Rev storing waypoints ending the route As you pass the location of each new waypoint press the SAVE MOB key to the left of the display not the SAVE menu key in the lower right of the screen The boat s location will be saved as a waypoint in the unit s memory and the waypoint will automatically be added to the route being saved The waypoint will be stored with a name similar to 0001 The parentheses indicate that the waypoint is part of a saved route and the four digit number is used to uniquely identify each waypoint Each waypoint is automatically given a description consisting of the time and date when the waypoin
86. isengage when a i severe or abrupt turn is required Please refer to your autopilot i manual for information regarding this procedure 2 Using the Controls Page 15 Function Keys POSITION key Where am STEER key How 01 get to my waypoint STAR key CO WAY PTS ROUTES key Where do want to go WAYPTS ROUTES Toleave MOB mode and return to normal navigation press SAVE MOB for at least three seconds The five function keys located below the display screen control what the 941X is doing Any function key may be pressed at any time to display the information you need to see The POSITION key displays your position coordinates or displays a plotter screen to show your position graphically relative to nearby way points and your track history Course Over Ground and Speed Over Ground are displayed at the bottom of the screens Position coordinates may be shown as any of the following 1 Lat lon from GPS 2 Lat lon from an external loran receiver 3 loran TDs from an external loran receiver 4 Phantom Loran TDs which the 941X calculates from its GPS coordi nates The STEER key shows how to steer to a waypoint you have designated A picture of your position relativeto the course lineis displayed along with all the numeric information you need to steer directly to your waypoint Two versions of the steer display are available Press STEER once to see the version you w
87. it has a clear view of the entire sky The Beacon Receiver antenna if installed should be mounted fairly high like a loran antenna Refer to Mounting the 941X on for de tails The following functions are unique to the 941X you may want to read about them in detail before using them Special Functions loran TDs The941X automatically converts GPS coordinates to loran TDs for those who have lists of fishing spots and other waypoints recorded as TDs This feature is called Phantom Loran You can display your position as TDs or enter waypoints as TDs The accuracy to be expected from this conver sion is generally better than 500 to 1500 feet You can also interface your existing loran receiver to the 941X and then display and navigate with Rev D 1 Introduction Page9 plotter functions Page 10 TideTrack The Display Screen cleaning the screen real time loran TDs These features greatly ease the transition from using loran to using GPS See page 30 for further details on using loran TDs The 941X s plotter provides a picture of your position and of what is around you Nearby waypoints avoidance areas and a lat lon grid may be displayed along with an image of your boat When you are using the plotter the five menu keys below the display screen allow you to perform the following functions 1 restart the desired track line to run directly from your position to the waypoint zeroing the cross trac
88. it is recommended that these controls be set to AUTO The beacon frequency can be set to any value between 283 5kHz and 325kHz The baud rate should be set to AUTO but can be manually set if necessary to any of the four standard rates 25bps 50bps 100 bps or 200 bps RECEIVER OPTIONS This option allows you to enable or disable use of differential corrections while navigating in areas where no DGPS signals are available several hundred miles from the nearest transmitter for instance When set to DISABLED the 941X ignores the use of DGPS signals whether they are from an internal or external source For normal operation it is recom mended that this setting be left at the factory default of ENABLED 8 Customizing the 941X Rev D GPS data timeout RECEIVER OPTIONS This setting determines how long the 941X will continue to use existing DGPS corrections if no new corrections are being received due to bad weather extreme distance from beacon etc If this time period elapses with no new DGPS data received the 941X reverts to standard GPS navi gation and displays OLD CORRECTIONS as the DGPS status MONTAUK POINT NY 192 86 MM 293 0 7 RAe 100 Under normal operating conditions this time out should be set to one or two minutes to guarantee the highest accuracy poor weather con ditions this value can be increased to a maximum of five minutes to ig no
89. iver antenna should be mounted as high as conveniently possible but not at the highest point and as far away as possible from other antennas If you have several pos sible antenna locations you may evaluate each by operating the 941X with the DGPS antenna temporarily mounted in each location The best location is one providing the lowest NOISE count atmospheric im pulse noise generated by thunderstorms and other conditions and high est Signal to Noise Ratio SNR Both values may be viewed using the DGPS STATUS information screen accessed from the main GPS POSITION screen as seen on page 26 Another major concern precipitation static called P static must be addressed when installing the antenna P static generally appears only during rain or snow consequently it can be easily overlooked during in stallation Much like a loran antenna the effects of P static are minimized if the beacon antenna is mounted so that it is not the highest metallic object on the vessel The highest metal object acts much like a lightning rod at tracting tiny static discharges in the atmosphere If the beacon receiver antenna is the highest object these discharges can totally override the beacon signals and cause poor operation in bad weather The optimum antenna location is high and dear for fair weather operation but below the top of a metal mast or other antenna for best foul weather operation On sailing vessels the ACU might be mounted on t
90. k error display 2 3 4 5 See for more information on usingthe plotter changethe options availablefor the plotter center the image of the boat on the screen zoom in to show more detail zoom out to show more area TideTrack displays a 24 hour tide graph for any of over 3 000 NOAA tide stations covering the entire U S coast including Alaska and Hawaii as well as much of the western Canadian coastline Tides may be shown for today or any other day you choose See for more information on using TideTrack The Liquid Crystal Display LCD and all controls are lighted for night time use The display is easily readable under all conditions from full sunlight to total darkness Anti reflection treatment of the display and its window eliminates over 90 of the reflection and glare Important data can be displayed using large numbers which can be seen from a distance To adjust the brightness press the STAR key and use the BRIGHT and DIM menu keys to set the desired illumination Contrast is con trolled by the ARROW key to the left of the screen Use caution when deaning the plastic window in front of the display screen Although it is resistant to scratches it can be damaged if you wipe dirt off with a dry cloth Always use a damp cloth when wiping the window Use a small amount of window cleaner or alcohol to dissolve 1 Introduction Rev D Rev D Interfacing Capability any oil or grease on the screen Whenever
91. lative to the course line for precision steering Both steering screens are intended to guide you precisely along a course line which might follow a harbor channel or a line between shoals and sandbars The first STEERING screen displays your distance and bearing to the waypoint along with your Speed Over Ground and Course Over Ground on the upper part of the readout The digits are large and can be read from a distance An arrow between the SOG and COG displays points upwards when the trend of your speed is increasing and down when it is decreasing The center of the screen has a user selectable area which can be set to display any of the information listed below Press the middle menu key to change the type of data displayed 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Rev D Rev D off course distance STEERING 0 63 14 0 ETE hrs 2 nin 44 sec ETR 5 46 PH TODAY o 1 1 1 02 116 140 1162 aart TURN 1 25 d6 830 H 3 In the first steering screen above a line extends from the data box in the center of the screen to a menu key Each press of the menu key changes the data displayed in the box among three choices as follows 1 Estimated Time En Route ETE to the waypoint and Estimated Time and Date of Arrival ETA 2 Speed of Advance SOA and Heading Correction 3 Waypoint s name and desc
92. link is gained by removing the 10 outer case screws to open the 941X then removing the 4 computer board screws and lifting the computer board out to expose the I O board below The link should be replaced with another short length of 30 gauge wire electrical power The 941X is a negative ground system that is reverse polarity protected requirements aninternal fuse prevents damage to sensitive components The 10 foot power cable wires must be connected as follows Red gt Positive 10 40VDC Black Negative White Ground negative ground only 14 gauge connecting wire recommended for runs of 15 feet or more 16 gauge minimum allowed for runs up to 15 feet Page 102 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev D power wiring We strongly recommend as a good safety practice that your 941X be connected to an external circuit breaker or fuse located near the battery or breaker box The internal fuse is designed to protect the 941X itself the external fuse or breaker is intended to protect the vessel wiring and prevent electrical fires The power wiring should be connected directly to the battery when possible for optimum noise immunity GPS ANT BNC MAIN I O WA330 18 PIN BM KS486 KS574 AUX 10 PIN KC190 KS572 DGPS ANTENNA UHF Power Connector 3 wire J2 Main 1 0 Interface Connector 18 wire 13 Auxiliary future expansion 10 wire J4 GPS Antenna Connector BNC
93. master signals is 99 600 microseconds long interference The electromagnetic interruption of a radio signal causing poor signal reception Interference may originate from external sources such as other radio transmitters or from the vessel itself such as alternator noise or precipitation static latitude Imaginary lines on the earth s surface running East West and expressed in degrees 0 90 north or south of the Equator Used in conjunction with the North South lines of longitude to deter mine position leg The path between adjacent waypoints of a route longitude Imaginary lines on the Earth s surface running North South and expressed in degrees 0 180 east or west of the Prime Me ridian a line running from the North to South Pole passing through Greenwich England Loran C Acronym for LOng RAnge Navigation System of land based radio transmitters emitting precisely timed pulses which are re ceived and translated into position fixes magnetic variation The difference between magnetic North and true North Since the difference varies according to geographic loca tion the Northstar 941X automatically calculates magnetic varia Page 136 Glossary Rev D tion and uses it to display bearings as magnetic north The varia tion at any location changes slowly over a period of years and the 941X compensates according to the current calendar year master Theone loran transmitter in a chain of at least three stations
94. mbly WARNING WHENEVER ANY ANTENNA IS DISCONNECTED FROM ON BOARD EQUIPMENT BE SURE TO GROUND THE ANTENNA SHIELD IN ORDER TO DISCHARGE EXTREMELY LARGE STATIC VOLTAGES THAT CAN QUICKLY BUILD UP ON AN UNGROUNDED ANTENNA SYSTEM THESE VOLTAGES ARE HAZARDOUS TO PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Page 110 differential GPS Both ends of the differential beacon receiver antenna cable terminate in antenna cable UHF connectors Follow the assembly instructions in Figure 10 for pre connectors paring UHF connectors For best results coat these connectors with sili cone gel to retard corrosion Preparing UHF Connectors COUPLING REDUCING RING ADAPTER PLUG SUB ASSEMBLY Cut end of cable sharp and square Strip cable jacket 3 4 Slide coupling and adapter on cable Fan braid slightly and fold back as shown Position adapter as shown Push braid down over body of adapter and trim to 3 8 Bare 5 8 of center conductor Tin exposed center conductor Avoid excessive heat Screw plug sub assembly on adapter Solder braid through solder holes to shell Use just enough heat to bond braid to shell Solder center conductor to contact Screw Coupling Ring on Plug Sub Assembly Figure 10 PL 259 UHF Connector Rev D 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 111 DGPS antenna mounting Interfacing the Page 12 941X The Northstar 8410 differential beacon rece
95. me receiver status screens Steering Screens e Large easy to read graphical presentation e Waypoint name position Bearing and distance to waypoint e Cross track error numeric and two graphic screens traditional and 3 dimensional Heading correction e Speed Over Ground e Course Over Ground e Time to go e Estimated Time of arrival e Estimated Time Enroute e Speed of advance e Automatic magnetic variation NavLog Arrival time for waypoints passed e ETA for all waypoints not yet passed in trip e ETA for total trip Reversethetrip Add waypoints to end of trip e Distance and bearing for all legs Skip forward and back in trip Rev D Appendix Page 129 GPS Receiver Page 130 Waypoint amp Route M anagement Avoidance Waypoints Enter wpts as lat lon distance and bearing or loran TDs Displays 30 closest waypoints Store 1000 waypoints Store up to 500 routes Stores waypoints route Update waypoint coordinates to ship s position Edit erase waypoints or routes Plan Route function Plot any route with automatic chart scale selection Time To Go MD nt Navigation Navigate to coordinates waypoints and along routes Save current position Steer to new point function go to any waypoint or coordinates at any time Waypoint queuing Follow stored routes forward or backward Plot current route with other local data Plotter Functions Plotter shows track history nearby wpts avoidance areas Speed Ov
96. mputer PORT SETUP OPTIONS PORT 1 SETUP srp COPY PORT1 amp r 9600 1 Atthe PORT SETUP OPTIONS screen confirm that the port you wish to copy is presently set up to output the data format you wish to use by pressing the PORT 1 SETUP or PORT 2 SETUP menu key necessary make changes now using the EDIT menu key and press ENTER then RETURN when you are done to return to the PORT SETUP OPTIONS screen 2 Changethe RS 232 SETUP option if necessary to display the ap propriate COPY PORT 1 or COPY PORT 2 selection by pressing the EDIT menu key and using the up down cursor arrow keys to change the selection Press ENTER when you are finished or CLEAR to leavethe RS 232 port setup unchanged The 941X will now copy and output the specified port s data format through the RS 232 port to an external device The RS 232 port s DIAGNOSTIC option is for future factory service di agnosis of 941X operating parameters Usethis setting when the RS 232 port s input or output functions are not needed 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 127 Page 128 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D APPENDIX Northstar 941X Specifications System Position Data Features e Latitude longitude 158 datums from GPS with 1 second updates e Phantom Loran C TDs calculated from GPS Loran C TDs from your existing loran 1 second from Northstar 800 series 2 seconds from other lorans Real ti
97. municated by the flashing exclamation symbol in the bottom right portion of the display Press the STAR key once to show the alarm condition on the ALARMS amp BACKLIGHT screen Press the CLEAR ALARM menu key to acknowl edge and dear the message Page 18 2 Usingthe Controls Rev D information ALARMS BACKLIGH RECENT ALARMS NEW YOUR ANCHOR MAY BE DRAGGING 9 32 TODAY OFF ANCHOR ALARM CROSS TRACK OFF 0 10 H ARRIVE RADIUS 0 02 H CGPS ALARM OFF Information windows are displayed while you are entering data or using control functions They give you extra details pertaining to what is about to happen or let you acknowledge a command Information windows always appear with the word INFO in a small box Question windows appear when the 941X needs to know more about what you want to do A question mark will always appear in this type of window You must respond to any question window by pressing ENTER to answer YES or CLEAR to answer NO All other keys including the function keys inactive when a question window is displayed START DIRECT TO OCEANR YES PRESS ENTER PRESS CLEAR URTLE REEF 2 Usingthe Controls Page 19 Page 20 2 Usingthe Controls D Basic Navigation Displaying Position Heading amp Speed Position Plotter Using GPS Using Loran
98. n point on the screen if you should enter and avoidance area The 941X will display each avoidance area as a cirde the size of the warning radius you entered For new waypoints enter a distance in the WARN RADIUS box at the bottom of the NEW WAYPT screen For ex isting waypoints use the EDIT WAY POINT function to access the way point coordinate screen then enter the warning radius Be sure to include a little extra distance around the hazard so that you will have timeto respond by turning or stopping after you hear the alarm MAYPTS ea n 58 3 49 256 6 37 160 a 257470 c ELS 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page 39 As a precaution once you have designated a waypoint as an avoidance area the 941X does not allow you to navigateto it SORRY CAN T 00 THAT CAN T NAVIGATE TO AVOIDANCE HAYPT B 417 22 395 71 01 927 avoidance area have designated a waypoint as an avoidance area the 941X will alarm alert you upon penetration of that area CES To set the audible avoidance area alert feature 1 Press the STAR key once to display the ALARMS amp BACKLIGHT screen 2 Be sure that the cursor arrow is in front of the ALARM AUDIO option 3 PresstheEDIT ALARM menu key 4 Usetheup down cursor keys to togglethe setting ON or OFF 5 Press ENTER to make your selection or CLEAR to le
99. nas v Watch out for electromagnetic shading of antennas from rigging other vessels shoreline buildings etc Secure the cable well the center conductor is solid wire Whereas a loran antenna should be mounted high on the vessel for best performance the GPS only antenna should be mounted as low as possi ble and out in the open to avoid shading placement of the antenna where it is partially obscured by another object from the signals it must receive Don t mount the antenna on top of a tower or mast Often the bow or stern will provide a location where shading is minimized while serving to keep the antenna low Be sure that any directional L band transmitting antennas such as radar or satellite communication anten nas can never point at the GPS antenna its preamplifier is quickly de stroyed by such radiation 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D m O RING ADAPTER 91 ANTENNA el 1 82 f CAPTIVE SCREW Figure 4 941X GPS Only Antenna AN145 amp AN150 TNC Figure 5 941X Combo GPS DGPS Antenna AN190 mounting the Tools needed 1 flat bladed screwdriver GPS only 2 knife blade antenna 3 Amphenol crimp tools The RG 59 cable supplied with your 941X has one TNC connector at tached to the antenna end of the coax Connection to the antenna itself involves the following steps Rev D 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 105 Page 106 antenna wiri
100. nd better looking installation In many cases the loop antenna design improves the noise rejection of signals interfering with differential signals However like the active GPS antenna the combo antenna must be used with a minimum of 50 and no more than 100 feet Any unused length must be coiled up do not cut it to less than 50 feet The cable splitter box supplied with the AN 190 combo antenna should be located near the 941X for convenience but may be situated virtually anywhere along the length of the maximum 100 feet of RG 59 GPS cable 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev combo antenna location GPS antenna cables without appreciable signal loss However the splitter is not weatherproof and should be placed in a protected area where it will not be subjected to direct water splash or spray The combo antenna should be located where it has a clear view of the ho rizon but is not the highest point on the vessel Keep the antenna at least six feet away from objects that can shade GPS or differential signals Avoid tight bends when installing any antenna cable Be sure to fasten the cable along its length to avoid chafing or whipping of any kind After the antenna has been mounted and the cable has been cut to length install the supplied BNC connector at the other end refer to Fig ures 6 7 and 8 on and A satisfactory crimp for this con nector may be made with a commonly available high quality c
101. ng combo GPS DGPS antenna 1 the antenna base by loosening the four captive screws in the base 2 Screw the base onto the top of the antenna mount standard 1 14 marinethread 3 Feedthe open end of the supplied coax cable down through the antenna base and through the hollow core of the antenna mount 4 Affixthe TNC connector end of the coax to the mating connec tor insidethe upper half of the GPS antenna 5 Align the upper half of the antenna with the bottom half and tighten the four screws Be careful not to over tighten the screws as this may deform the watertight seal between the two antenna halves Supplied with your antenna is a length of RG 59 coaxial cable 25 feet with AN 145 passive antenna and 50 feet with the optional AN 150 ac tive and ZAN 190 combo antennas Cable length for the GPS only passive antenna must not exceed 25 feet If a longer cable run is necessary use either the Northstar active or combo antenna for minimum lengths of 50 feet up to a maximum of 100 feet Runs between 25 and 50 feet require either the active or combo antenna and the minimum 50 foot length of cable The extra footage may be coiled up but not removed For applications with grounding problems or where optimum portability is required or when only a single antenna is desired a combination GPS DGPS antenna is available part 190 see Figure 5 on page This combo antenna provides for an easier a
102. nstruction manual to determine which talker D codes it will respond to Usethe EDIT menu key then scroll through the three choices using the up down cursor arrow keys to make your choice Press ENTER when done The interfaced equipment will then receive the 0183 data in the correct nav source format PORT 1 PORT 2 SETUP For added versatility in communicating with a variety of other devices you can control the level of precision of the 0183 position information as it s output by the 941X Using the EDIT menu key and the up down cursor keys you ll see the display change from e XX XX lat lon precision to two decimal places hundredths of minutes or 60 feet to e XX XXX three decimal places thousandths of minutes or 6 feet to e XX XXXX four decimal places ten thousands of minutes roughly gt foot The factory default is XXX thousandths of minutes 1 Precision output to three or four decimal places does not mean that your 941X navigates with such accuracy unless it is using DGPS Position information can be output and displayed to i four decimal places but your actual ability to navigate to such i a precise point is limited by the accuracy of the Loran and GPS _ systems see Comparing GPS and Loran on There fore specifying more decimal places in the data output does The choice you make is dependent upon the equipment to which you outputting NMEA da
103. o the trip by pressing the APPEND WAYPT menu key Any waypoints added to the trip in NAV LOG are not perma nently appended to the route in the 941X s memory To make permanent changes to the route you must use the EDIT ROUTE functions as de scribed on page 50 Waypoints are automatically entered and organized in NAV LOG when you first navigate GO to a waypoint or along a route Press the NAV LOG key at any time to display the list of waypoints you are currently navigating along Use the up and down cursor arrow keys to scan through the entire list to show any waypoint you wish The dis tance and bearing of each leg is displayed For each waypoint you can display either the waypoint s description or the time of arrival at the waypoint Press the NAM E ETA menu key to select one or the other Thetime of arrival displayed is the Estimated Time of Arrival based on your current speed for waypoints you have not yet passed Actual Times of Arrival are shown for waypoints you have passed Remember estimated times are just that estimates and may be inaccurate This is because your Speed Over Ground will be affected by any changes in direction even 22 Press the NAV LOG key as above to display the waypoints of your cur rent trip You may modify the remainder of your trip by adding a waypoint to the end of thetrip skippingto any waypoint within the trip e reverse the trip from present position to follow it
104. of datums organized alpha betically as in the list below When you come to the datum you desire press ENTER or press CLEAR to leave the datum choice unchanged and exit the edit function The following chart lists the datums available in your 941X delta DATUM NAME ELLIPS y SO D st cree xum 2 USTR es wcmsmmemwne cun am 2 550 OF OF OQ gt ARCESO Zamtia 3m ojo Astro Beacon E Pacific Isl 145 e e 8 Customizingthe 941X Rev D Rev D T eo 5 CC MN CARTH CHAT CHUA CORR DJ DOS68 167 EUR50_MN EUR50_WE EUR50_CY EUR50_EG EUR50_GB EUR50_GR EUR50_IR EUR50_SA EUR50_SI EUR50_NF EUR50_PS EUR79 GAND GD49 GUAM63 U HJ OR IND TV IRE65 ISTS J161 JAND KERG KERT KKJ LC5A LIB64 LUZ P LUZ M MAHE MASI MASS MERCH MA61 MINA CAPE gt tro B4 Sorol Atoll Hawaiian Islands tro Dos 71 4 Atlantic Isl tronomic Station 1952 stralian Geodetic 1966 tralian Geodetic 1984 Bellevue IGN Bermuda 1957 Bogota Observatory Colombia 2 gt gt 4 Campo Inchauspe Canton Astro 1966 Cape South Africa Cape Canaveral mean value Carthage Chatham 1971 S W Pac Isl Chua Astro Corrego Allegre Djakarta Batavia DOS 1968 S W Pac Isl Easter Island 1967 European 1950 mean value European 1950 Western Europe
105. on of actions Large easy to use backlit controls Easy removal for secure storage Internal Beacon Receiver for differential corrections optional Power 10 40 VDC 12 watts with internal Beacon Receiver Operating temperature O2C 552C max 95 relative humidity non condensing Appendix Page 131 Dimensions Figure 13 941X Dimensions Page 132 Appendix Rev D Internal Beacon Signal Processing Receiver Number of Channels Frequency Range Tuning Resolution optional Dynamic Range Acquisition Time Noise Blanker Signal Detection Minimum Signal Strength Adjacent Channel Rejection 2 283 5 325 0 kHz 2Hz 1 m 100bps gt 100 gt 50 dB at 1kHz 5 seconds manual command 15 seconds automatic warm start 15 minutes automatic cold start Predictive variable length Acquisition via FLL frequency locked loop tracking via PLL phase locked loop Data Processing Demodulation Data Decoding MSK Bit Rates Power Requirements Power Consumption Data Ports MSK Minimum Shift Keying Parallel matched digital filters 25 50 100 200 automatically selected 2 Watts DGPS Correction Output Port Environmental Whip Antenna ACU Antenna Rev Appendix RTCM SC 104 Version 2 0 6 of 8 RS 232 C 9600 or 4800 baud Height llinches Diameter 2 6 inches Weight 15 pounds 48 inch fiberglass whip not supplied Sh
106. op of a low mast or on the stern rail if no other suitable location is available The 8410 beacon ACU can be mounted on a standard marine antenna mount one inch diameter 14 threads per inch The 941X is easily interfaced to other equipment as described below NMEA 0183 is the most common interface data format used with 941X installations It is a widely accepted standard of data transfer between most all types of marine electronics today enabling completely different instruments to speak a common language 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev D connector pin wiring The 941X has two programmable NM EA input output ports and one RS 232 input output port that you can customize for outputting data to other instruments and two ports for inputting data from other devices PORT SETUP OPTIONS A list of wire connections for the interface connector is built into the 941 5 PORT SETUP OPTIONS screen accessed from the USER CUSTOMIZATION menu Press the WIRING INFO menu key to display thefollowing screen INTERFACE CABLE HIRING BROWM WHITE BLUE WHITE BROWH WHITE BR MH ORAHGE BLACK HITE RRHHGE LUE WHITE EMT GMOs FOIL HMER 1 OUT GHO 1 OUT E 2 OUT A OUT RESERVED 1 OUT A RSE32 TX GHO RS2e32 RK B G Y F Y R T G
107. ormation and accesses setup functions for customizing the operation and displays of your 941X including screen brightness WAY PT S ROUTES lets you enter or access waypoints and routes for navigation NAV LOG displays the progress of your current navigation plan today s trip and lets you modify it In addition to these function keys the SAVE MOB key instantly saves your position as a waypoint and provides a Man Overboard function for returning to the saved point Five MENU KEYS on the right edge of the display are used to select be tween specific choices displayed on the screen The nation s GPS system has received much publicity often described as providing the ultimate in navigation accuracy for all applications Its major advantage over all other commercially available navigation sys tems including loran is its all weather worldwide availability and ab solute accuracy Absolute accuracy refers to the ability of a navigation device to determine your actual latitude and longitude coordinates on the surface of the earth as compared to position information determined Comparing GPS and Loran Rev D 1 Introduction Page5 Page 6 selective availability GPS and DGPS from a chart or other reference Repeatable accuracy refers to the ability to return to a position whose coordinates you have previously recorded with the same equipment Developed by the United States Department of Defense DOD the GPS sys
108. orts specific 0183 sentences that will betransmitted by the 941X Programming Press the STAR key until you see the USER CUSTOMIZATION menu Press the menu key marked PORT SETUP OPTIONS then press the PORT 1 SETUP or PORT 2 SETUP key USER CUSTOMIZATION PORT SETUP OPTIONS DISPLAY OPTIONS NAVIGATION OPTIONS 2 RECEIVER OPTIONS 2 ORT SETUP OPTIONS 5 104 9600 A list of data format control options is displayed Rev D 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 115 Page 116 output format PORT 1 SETUP OUTPUT FORMAT 0183 V2 1 8183 TRLKER ID GP 8183 LL PRECISION NNNM OUTPUT 2 SECOWOS 1D as NUMBER 8183 CHECK SUMS ON Check the installation instructions for the equipment to which you are interfacing for any special requirements The Northstar factory settings will be adequate for most peripheral equipment but the following op tions are available if needed see below DATAM CDX RAY 0183 or NONE NMEA 0183 Talker ID choose GP LC or 1 to make see the 941X look like a GPS receiver Loran C receiver or an inte grated instrument NMEA 0183 lat lon precision choose hundredths of minutes see page 121 thousandths of minutes or ten thousandths of minutes OUTPUT RATE choose 2 to 999 seconds for the see page 122 interval
109. osses or damages of any nature with respect to any products or services sold rendered or delivered Certain Northstar control heads are warranty protected against damage due to water leakage provided the head has not been tampered with IMPORTANT NOTICE Although Northstar products are designed to be very useful navigation tools they are not substitutes for good seamanship The prudent navigator should never rely on any single device as the sole source of navigation guidance Exercise caution and good judgment whenever underway CONTENTS J he Northstar 941X Introduction B n Tables ABLE 1 DATUM LIST ABLE 2 INTERFACE CONNECTOR PINS ABLE 3 PORT SETUP OPTIONS ABLE 4 NMEA 0183 SENTENCE IDENTIFIERS ABLE 5 CONNECTION TO NORTHSTAR 800 PORT A ABLE 6 CONNECTION TO NORTHSTAR 800 PORT B ABLE 7 NORTHSTAR 800 SERIES OUTPUT PORT SETUP ABLE 8 YEOMAN ELECTRONIC PLOTTER SETUP WITH 941X 124 ABLE 9 CONNECTING TO EXTERNAL NS BEACON RECEIVER 125 Introducing the Northstar 941X Introduction Upon First Start up Using This Manual Features Functions Comparing GPS and Loran Mounting Special Functions The Display Screen Interfacing Capability NS poe eo his section introduces you to the Northstar 941X navi gator outlining its various operational functions in stallation configurations and specifications Use this section to get a quick overview o
110. otted position appear to wander around within an area up to 600 feet in diameter see Figure 1below Position circle of 300 foot radius showing possible 600 foot error between fixes ACTUAL 40 00 000 N You could be 72 00 000 W anywhere within the circle 95 of the time Figure 1 Max Position Variances with Uncorrected GPS 1 Introduction Rev D getting more If you need a higher level of accuracy than what basic GPS provides accuracy therearetwo choices available to you 1 Use Differential GPS by installing a Northstar internal differential beacon receiver or use an externally located Northstar differential beacon receiver or other source of differential corrections for your 941X DGPS should provide better than 10 meter accuracy repeat able and absolute 95 of the time See Using GPS on for more information 2 Interface your Joran receiver to your 941X provided the loran has the appropriate NMEA 0183 format output capability You will then keep the repeatable accuracy of your loran and add all of the navigation features of the 941X including the excellent world wide absolute accuracy of GPS Refer to Table 2 on for connector pin wiring guide 941 is designed to be yoke or flush mounted on your boat The unit is waterproof and can be exposed directly to the weather The GPS antenna should be mounted fairly low on the vessel to minimize the ef fects of pitch and roll and where
111. ough you were going to follow a route by pressing the WAY PTS ROUTES key then ROUTE LIST then select the route you wish to view Press GO to display the ETA of each waypoint in the route and the USUAL SOG window at the bottom of the screen To exit with out actually following the route press any function key 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Rev D Rev distance amp bearing waypoint coordinates quick plot Restarting the Course Line The distance and bearing of each leg are displayed near the center of the screen To display the coordinates of each waypoint in place of the name and de scription press the NAM E COORD menu key To plot an overhead view of the route press the QUICK PLOT menu key When displaying the plot you may use the NEXT WAYPT and PREV WAY PT menu keys to advance along the route or move back to wards the beginning ROUTE Belga Use ZOOM IN and ZOOM OUT to display a smaller or larger area When you havefinished looking at the plot press RETURN to go back to the previous screen When navigating from one waypoint to another you may find you have wandered off the intended course line Perhaps you may have avoided an obstacle or simply drifted slightly off course Whenever you are off course for any reason you may choose either of two methods for getting back on course After passing the obstacle you may steer the boat back to the original course line usin
112. pecial characters and a digit For example the upper left key is labeled with the letters A B C and the digit 1 Pressing the key one time displays the letter A Press the key again to display the second letter B Pressing a third and fourth time displays the letter C and the digit 1 respectively A fifth press brings you back to the letter A again CER To enter a character first find the key containing the character and press that key one to four times to display the desired character Finally move the cursor to the next character position by pressing the right ar row symbol on the cursor key CLEAR and The keypad also contains CLEAR and ENTER keys for erasing or enter ENTER keys ing data that has been typed on the keypad Pressing the ENTER key is always the last step when entering or changing data or acknowledging an action The CLEAR key removes any data you typed before you press ENTER and sets the field to all blanks or restores it to its value before you changed it Occasionally the 941X needs to inform you of something or ask permis Special Display ANS din 402207 Wi dows sion to do something When this happens a special information or ques In window appears on the display The window contains an exclamation point 1 an INFO label or a large question mark and a messagefor you to read alarm messages Alarm messages contain information you should read right away Alarms are com
113. possible avoid touching the window with your fingers as natural oils from your hand will temporar ily degrade the characteristics of the window and cause your fingerprints to appear as bright reflections These will disappear when the screen is cleaned as described above Pre packaged moist towellettes especially those containing i small amount of alcohol are excellent for cleaning the display i window You might wish to keep a supply on hand to wipe off The 941X contains two independent output ports for driving NMEA compatible devices two input ports for accepting data from other NMEA devices and an auxiliary port reserved for future use It also features an RS 232 port for input or output of SC 104 DGPS corrections and way point route or software program loading from a PC The 941X can be interfaced to a wide variety of devices including autopilots plotters ra dars etc Refer to Interfacing the 941X beginning on for more information 1 Introduction Page 11 Page 12 1 Introduction Rev D Using the Controls POWER Key CONTRAST Key SAVE MOBKey 19 Function Keys Menu Keys Cursor Keys Keypad Special Display Windows hg HIS SECTION describes each of the Northstar 941X s Use this section for learning what each con trol does and for an overview of using its various functions Rev D 2 Using the Controls Page 13 POWER Key CONTRAST Key Page 14 E MAJ OR FUNCTIONS of each of the 941X
114. rating and describing the 941X s various functions in a format helpful to quick learning and safe operation The sections in this manual are grouped by related functions beginning with an overview of basic control panel layout and function commands and gradually progressing to more advanced waypoint and route naviga tion operations Sample screen images are used throughout to help il lustrate what the 941X display screen looks like for the function being described The helpful hand pictured at left is a convenient shortcut that leads you directly to step by step instructions You can also use it as a quick referencefor locating less frequentl y used operations 1 Introduction Page3 Features Page4 GPS features navigation features waypoints and routes Upon using the 941X you ll seethat you can actually learn to operate the system s various features without constant referral to this manual After you ve read through it once you won t haveto refer to it very often again Since the 941X anticipates your most frequent requests for navigation information accessing most functions requires only one or two button pushes By minimizing the attention needed to navigate you can now devote more time to other aspects of your trip accurate worldwide position data in any weather 24 hours a day optional internal DGPS Differential GPS Beacon Receiver for accuracy as good as 2 5 meters fast signal acquisition fast rea
115. re occasional outages in the beacon reception if a minor loss of accuracy can betolerated The default setting is 60 seconds To change the age of correction timeout use the up down cursor keys to move the arrow at the left of the screen to DGPS DATA TIMEOUT Press EDIT then use the cursor keys to choose any value from 30 sec onds to five minutes in 30 second increments B NOTE i i A period of 30 seconds is many cases too short and can lead to intermittent problems Generally one minute the de fault value set at the factory provides good navigation accu racy and is best left unchanged Press ENTER to make your selection or CLEAR to leave it unchanged 8 Customizing the 941X Page 89 Page 90 DJ lowest sat elevation Port Setup Options After this timeout period elapses with no DGPS data having been re ceived the 941X will revert to navigating with normal GPS the DGPS display indicator shown at left will be turned off and the DGPS lost alarm will sound if enabled see Alarms beginning on DGPS navigation will resume automatically as soon as valid corrections are re ceived again RECEIVER OPTIONS t is recommended that this option be left at the factory default The LOWEST SAT ELEVATION option is used primarily in technical applications where the 941X is tracking all visible satellites regardless of how low they are situated relative to the horizon In those instan
116. rimping tool designed for use with BNC connectors Be sure the BNC connector is properly installed most system failures whether continuous or intermittent can be traced to poor connector in stallation 1 Strip cable jacket to the following dimensions in inches as illus trated in Figure 6 0 57 b 0 34 c 0 14 d 0 43 Do not nick the center conductor Figure 6 Stripping the Coax Cable J acket 2 Figure 7 Slide outer ferrule on as shown Slightly flare the end of ca ble braid as shown to facilitate insertion into inner ferrule 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 107 DGPS Antenna Coupler ACU Page 108 Figure 7 Flared Cable Braid 3 Place center contact onto center conductor so that it butts against the cable dielectric Crimp the contact in place using Amphenol tool han dle 227 944 and Cavity B of Die Set 227 980 3 4 Figure 8 Install cable assembly into body assembly so inner ferrule slides over dielectric and under braid Push cable assembly forward until contact seats in insulator Slide outer ferrule over braid and up against connector body Crimp outer ferrule using Cavity A of tools specified above Figure 8 Completed BNC Connector If poor GPS SNR readings are obtained after the 941X has been running for several minutes check that you have the proper length of cable matched to the type of antenna active passive or combo verify the quality of the antenna location and
117. ription and its coordinates The lower part of the screen displays your off course distance using a picture of your boat to show your distance from the course line n addi tion the direction of the boat on the screen indicates the direction your boat is actually traveling Note this may not be the same as your head ing if any current or wind is present When the picture of your boat points towards the course line you are moving closer to the line When it points parallel to the course line you are keeping a constant distance from the line When it points away from the course line you are moving further from the line Your distance from the course line is also displayed in numbers at the bottom of the screen See for customizing the cross track display format 5 Waypoint and Route Navigation Page 57 STEERING 37 41 122 14 07 116 13 9 7 COME RIGHT 0 03 m LEFT Two vertical lines near the edge of the screen indicate the limits of off course distance An alert message will be given if these limits are ex ceeded and the image of your boat will flash on and off Press the STAR button to display the alert message then the CLEAR ALARM menu key to acknowledge and clear it i NOTE d i As you pass a waypoint while following a route the image of the boat may swing around vigorously as it points to the way i point you are passing When the 941X switches to the next i waypoint th
118. ructs the DGPS receiver not to use data from the satel litein question Loran on the other hand can still outperform non differential GPS when SA is in effect in repeatable accuracy Though susceptible to weather and characterized by a relatively limited range when compared to GPS it s a dependable system familiar to thousands of boat owners Since the 1970 s LORAN users have relied upon that system s ability to repeatedly get them back to a previously saved location with extreme accuracy Fishermen especially appreciated this capability because each subsequent visit to a lobster trap or buoy was virtually on the mark saving them valuable time and money Loran s repeatable accuracy was superior to anything else commercially available at the time very good coverage areas loran can typically get you to within 50 feet or roughly 14 meters of your previously visited target On the other hand at its very best uncorrected GPS with SA enabled will get you to within 300 feet 100 meters of your intended destination Obviously uncorrected GPS with variations of up to 300 feet in displayed posi tion wouldn t be much help in getting you through a narrow channel Since most loran chains were configured for optimum coastline naviga tion it s easy to see why loran s repeatable accuracy has served harbor masters and fishermen well for the last 25 years 1 Introduction Page7 Page8 Loran however isn t as proficient as
119. s carefully don t make sharp bends leave service and drip loops tie wrap the coaxial antenna cableto keep it secure Your Northstar 941X is shipped complete and ready to install You will need special tools for assembling the coaxial cable connectors as indi cated on page 105 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev placement of the D 941X The shipping carton contains the following components the941X GPS antenna e 25 coaxial antenna cable for passive patch antennas 50 sup plied with optional active patch antenna beacon receiver Antenna Coupling Unit ACU for units with internal differential GPS receiver only 10 interface cable 10 power cable flush mount drilling template sunshield this Reference M anual connectors and parts kit Save all packing material in the event it is necessary to return the unit to the factory for repair or evaluation Your 941X should only be shipped in a properly designed carton with packing material The 941X houses the GPS receiver optional beacon receiver computer power supply lights controls and the specially coated display screen The mounting location should be chosen carefully before any drilling or cutting takes place Be sure you have easy access to the control panel s keys and can clearly see the display from your normal vantage point when navigating your boat Even though the display screen contains an effective anti reflective coating
120. save your current position as a waypoint Rev D SAVE MOB saving a waypoint Man Overboard feature It does this in either of two ways depending on whether you press the key briefly or press and hold it Press the SAVE MOB button briefly to simply store your position This new waypoint will automatically be given a name such as 5002 where the letter S indicates a saved waypoint and the 3 digit number increases by one every time you save a waypoint The waypoint s 3 digit number will wrap around or revert to S001 when the 941X has reached the limit you set using the MAX SAVED WPT function under DISPLAY OPTIONS 80 Press and hold the SAVE MOB button for three seconds to enter Man Overboard MOB mode The 941X saves your position and displays it in the plotter screen as an X The plotter screen is locked on the dis play showing your position and the MOB location The MOB location immediately becomes your current waypoint with new bearing and dis tance information displayed on the right hand side of the screen m oO 5 19 e Um ec i ub m m MAN OVERBOARD OVERBOARD BEARING qp 2547 67 Sg 09269754 INVOKING MOB WHILE USING AN AUTOPILOT i Some autopilots will attempt to steer your boat according to any bearing changes output by the 941X regardless of the se verity of the change Others automatically d
121. t Ports on for detailed in formation on how to interface your 941X with other equipment To view your 941X s serial number and hardware specifications press the STAR key until the USER CUSTOMIZATION screen is displayed Press the SERVICE INFORMATION menu key to display the following screen HUNGER AJ10121D Sort vers 2 05 2 24 sr rest PASSED sorr ver 046 PASSED SERVICE INFORMATION In addition to being affixed to the back of the unit your 941X s serial number is permanently programmed into memory at the factory Serial numbers ending with the letter D indicate that the unit contains an internal DGPS beacon receiver Be sure to have your 941X s serial num ber and software version available see below whenever contacting or corresponding with your Northstar dealer or the factory 8 Customizing the 941X Page 91 Page 92 main board soft ver beacon rx soft ver beacon rx self test gps rx soft ver gps rx self test SERVICE INFORMATION This number indicates the revision level of your 941X s operating soft ware program SERVICE INFORMATION If your 941X has an internal beacon receiver installed this line will con tain a number indicating the software revision of the beacon receiver If noneis installed the line will be blank SERVICE INFORMATION The 941X automatically self tests the internal beacon receiver if in stalled each time the unit is powered
122. t continues to navigate using loran and will display loran data the next time you return to the position screen To return to GPS signals for navigation repeat the steps shown above for selecting loran except specify GPS instead of loran The 941X s Phantom Loran feature is designed for those users who have compiled lists of fishing spots or other locations as loran TDs and are now using the 941X as a GPS only navigator The 941X will mathemati cally convert GPS lat lon coordinates to loran TDs enabling you to dis play your position as TDs The 941X may be used to simulate full operation of a loran receiver Po sition coordinates may be displayed as TDs and all navigation functions may be used as if theunit were actually receiving loran signals Remem 3 Basic Navigation Rev D ber however that these calculated TDs will not match exactly the posi tions of previously recorded TD coordinates obtained directly from ac tual loran signals In most areas errors should not exceed 0 2 microsecond However larger errors are possible in areas for which the 941X does not contain accurate factory programmed ASF correction points selecting To display Phantom Loran TDs as position coordinates first select Phantom Loran Phantom Loran as the position source as described below 1 Pressthe STAR key until the USER CUSTOMIZATION screen is displayed 2 Press the NAVIGATION OPTIONS menu key THE NAVI GATION SOURCE line will be
123. t in errors These differential corrections are generated by fixed reference stations and broadcast by marine radiobeacons over a relatively limited area usually a maximum broadcast radius of 250 miles to Differential capable GPS DGPS receivers The precise geographic location of the reference station is used to calculate corrections based on the GPS data received from the satellites and the corrections are then broadcast to DGPS receivers The receivers then convert this data into extremely precise position heading and speed information Referred to as 1 Introduction Rev D Rev D loran beacons the transmitters are being situated at various locations along the U S coastline and Great Lakes most of which are former marine ra diobeacon sites With DGPS navigators are guaranteed position accuracy on the order of 2 5 meters 50 of the time and to 10 meters 95 of the time usually much better Lat lon positions displayed to thousandths of minutes roughly 6 feet are common with DGPS When using a radar or elec tronic plotter DGPS corrections improve the steadiness of your dis played plot line dramatically In addition to accurate positioning information DGPS provides critical integrity monitoring of the received GPS signals enabling the user to be notified in seconds as opposed to hours with uncorrected GPS that an anomaly has been detected in a transmitted satellite signal The integ rity monitor inst
124. t rere pre ace im rte D UE ee 101 personal comp ter 5 reete norton tnr tnnt 37 44 Phantom Loran 5 16 32 33 34 82 plotter e a aieas 4 8 10 16 22 24 25 47 PORT SETUP OPTIONS wiring info screen daet 113 PORT SETUP OPTIONS connecting to Northstar 800 123 Rev D Index Page 141 OVOLVIQW PEE 90 programming the 115 125 FHS 232 poft 126 POSITION KEY traie ecc y peret eR e ere p Et Ee e ee 16 22 Liz iz Mo PEPERIT 112 QUESTION WINAOWS 18 19 49 81 QUICK PLOT ead eee 47 52 QUIGK Waypolnt 4 notet eae ae eed 54 RECEIVER OPTIONS 2 87 r cent 3 repeatable accuracy See accuracy repeatable ROUTES CHANGING entrent 46 50 51 ERR 44 49 HR 51 eerie cR 4 22 47 52 saving as you travel 2 47 48 49 R8 232 endet da debe des 11 115 125 126 133 M NEAR See Selective Availability SATELLITE 3 comprising GPS system LOWEST SAT ELEVATION option status
125. t was stored ROUTES ARBOR ENTRANCE 2 7 4 WAYPTS SAVING HAYPT 0009 You can access any of the 941X s navigating functions while you are sav ing a route automatically with the exception of editing the route you are presently saving If at any time you are unsure as to whether you are still saving a route or not press the WAYPTS ROUTES key then the ROUTE LIST menu key to display the ROUTES screen If you are pres ently saving a route the message SAVING TO will be at the bottom of the screen When you have reached the end of your new route or if you wish to stop automatically saving the route at any time go to the ROUTES screen if you are not presently displaying it as described above Press the STOP SAVE menu key The 941X will prompt you with a question window asking if you want to STOP SAVING TO ROUTE XXX Press ENTER for YES The SAVING TO message at the bottom of the screen is ex tinguished 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page 49 To make a change to a route stored in the 941X s memory usethe EDIT ROUTE fundion Press WAY PTS ROUTES and then the ROUTE LIST menu key to display the ROUTES screen Changing a Route 2 WRYPTS 4 WRYPTS Usethe up or down cursor keys to point to the route you wish to change Pressthe EDIT key Theroute nameis displayed EDIT RouTE OUTE BEST FISHING 4
126. ta To return to GPS signals for navigation repeat the steps shown above for selecting loran except specify GPS instead of Phantom Loran See Navigating to Waypoints beginning on to learn how to navigateto loran Phantom loran or GPS coordinates 3 Basic Navigation Rev D Creating Waypoints and Routes Entering Data Creating Waypoints Avoidance Areas Waypoint Lists Coordinate Options Updating Waypoint Coordinates Editing Waypoints Transferring Waypoints to a PC Creating Routes Saving a Route Changing a Route IST ES S SE this section we ll learn how to create waypoints use them to form routes and change them as necessary Rev D 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page 35 Entering Data Page 36 entering numbers entering letters Before we move on to the sections describing how to enter waypoints and routes into the 941X s memory let s take a break and review the methods for entering data into the unit Some screens such as coordinate entry screens allow entry of numbers only Others such as waypoint names allow entry of letters digits and punctuation characters A typical entry screen will have several items of data displayed First choose the item you wish to change by pressing the up or down cursor arrow key to movethe flashing cursor to that item The flashing cursor indicates which character position will be written into Usethe left and right cursor arrows to mo
127. ta The 941X conforms to the NMEA version 2 10 standard but is also compatible with version 150 Equipment typically benefiting the most from three and four decimal places of precision are electronic and pen plotting devices However most all older devices de signed to operate with the original 0183 and other formats can only 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 121 Page 122 output rate NMEA 0183 waypoint ID as nmea 0183 checksums function with two place precision Refer to the manufacturer s instruc tions for how many digits of precision are required for that particular device PORT 1 PORT 2 SETUP The 941X defaults to a two second update interval for data transmission There are some applications where a longer update period is required and the 941X allows you to increase that span to 999 seconds PORT 1 PORT 2 SETUP Many new marine electronic devices such as radars and electronic plot ters can display your waypoint names if they are output by the 941X If your peripheral equipment has this capability changethe WAY POINT ID AS field from NUMBER to NAME using the EDIT menu key then the up down cursor arrow keys Press ENTER The listening device will now display your six character waypoint names Be sure to verify this capability in the listening device before hanging the WAYPOINT ID AS field Most older equipment won t understand this identifier and using it may cause prob Certain
128. tem of 21 active satellites with additional spares literally encircles the earth with navigation information GPS is offered in two forms for military users and for civil users With GPS available to virtually anyone around the world the DOD wanted to avoid the possibility that its precision could be used by hostile forces as a source of accurate targeting data against U S interests To guard against such actions they introduced intentional errors into the GPS signals that only U S forces could bypass Called Selective Avail ability or SA it involves a complex formula of data encryption that can be turned on or off without the end user ever knowing for sure whether itis in effect or not DOD s stated position is that SA will remain in effect indefinitely Selective Availability effectively reduces GPS s absolute and repeatable accuracy from 30 meters roughly 100 feet 9596 of the time to 100 me ters 330 feet 9596 of thetime This means that with SA you can expect to be within 300 feet of your intended position 9596 of the time and be yond that area approximately 5 of the time At first this was accepted by most end users as an inevitable part of GPS a tradeoff against its global availability But it didn t meet the Coast Guard s requirement of 8 20 meter accuracy for navigating harbors It was then that a system of differential corrections was developed by the Coast Guard that enabled them to effectively circumvent SA s buil
129. the quality of the connectors The Northstar 8410 Antenna Coupling Unit ACU supplied with the Differential GPS equipped 941X must be used in all differential GPS an tenna installations except in cases where the AN 190 Combo GPS DGPS antenna is used Though similar in appearance to other Northstar ACUS only the one labeled 8410 will work with your internal DGPS beacon receiver The ACU also serves as a sturdy mounting base for the DGPS whip antenna The ACU consists of two pieces The circuitry is sealed in a rugged wa terproof fiberglass polycarbonate body the upper end of which is threaded to accept a standard 4 foot whip antenna A large female thread 9 Installation and Interfacing Rev D Rev grounding is molded into the lower portion or base of the ACU body into which the upper half is secured see Figure 9 on The bottom of the base is threaded 1 14 to mount onto the antenna mast or onto a standard deck mount A gasket and rubber O ring provide weathertight sealing at the ACU base The ACU connects to the receiver by a single 25 foot length of RG 58U coaxial cable which carries signals to the beacon receiver and DC power to the ACU amplifier The cable passes up through the hollow ACU base and connects to the PL 259 UHF connector at the bottom of the ACU see Figure 10 on for UHF connector preparation Note This connection must be made before the ACU is screwed into its base The grounding system is an
130. the screen Whether a lat lon grid is displayed on the screen To change any one of these usethe up and down cursor keys to movethe arrow to the item you want to change and press the EDIT menu key This will cause a large cursor to flash on the field indicating you should use the up and down cursor keys to select the option you want Press ENTER when done or CLEAR to restore the field to its original value The 941X can store up to 900 points in its track so the maximum length of thetrack depends on how often points are stored You may choose to store track points every second with a maximum length of 15 minutes or every two minutes for a maximum length of 30 hours or a number of settings in between 3 Basic Navigation Rev D Using GPS lat lon coordinates time of day speed and course Rev D You may also choose to freeze the track so that no more points will be stored and thetrack will remain unchanged Pressingthe CLEAR TRACK menu key dears the track history displayed on the screen Press the RETURN menu key to go back to the plotter screen Your 941X contains an internal GPS receiver which is used as the pri mary source of position data GPS data is displayed directly on the GPS POSITION screen eo 46 930 80 09 058 14 6 117 WEDNESDAY 2 23 PM JAH 17 1996 The GPS position screen displays your latitude and longitude in large digits near the top of the screen If GP
131. the surrounding area and all nearby waypoints Press the POSITION key to show your position plotted relative to your current route if any your track history and any nearby waypoints and avoid ance points ES zu in aT Jag A maximum of 30 local waypoints can be displayed on the plotter screen at onetime 3 Basic Navigation Rev D Rev D zooming centering the plot course restart The image of your boat displayed on the screen points in the direction of your Course Over Ground Remember this direction may be different from your heading The boat image shows your actual direction of travel over the bottom not the direction your boat is headed If your boat is not moving the Course Over Ground cannot be determined by the 941X and the direction of the boat on the screen has no meaning Avoidance areas waypoints for which a warning radius has been speci fied are shown as a cirde surrounding the waypoint Your present Speed Over Ground SOG and Course Over Ground COG are displayed at the bottom of the screen along with the chart scale The chart scale is the distance from the top edge to the bottom edge of the plot The plotter screen can be used to steer by when the objective is simply to get to the waypoint without needing to remain pre i cisely on the designated course line Press the ZOOM IN menu key to zoom for a closer look at the area
132. to install your 941X and interface it to other equipment on your boat Rev D 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 99 Mounting the Page 100 941X 941X system components Proper installation of your Northstar 941X receiver is of utmost impor tance to accurately receive and effectively use GPS signals under a wide variety of weather conditions To get the best performance from your Northstar we strongly recommend that you have an authorized North star dealer install it for you However if you prefer to perform the in stallation yourself please follow these instructions carefully The following points should be considered before proceeding with your installation Y location of unit Y electrical power and wiring Y antenna location and installation Y groundingthe entire system v testing and monitoring system performance It is recommended that the unit be bench tested prior to installation on your boat This not only insures that the equipment is fully operational but it allows the GPS receiver to collect its almanac and ephemeris data for the installed location resulting in less installation time spent on the vessel Choose a mounting location for the 941X that allows good visibility of the screen is within comfortable reach and provides a reasonably direct path for running the required electrical cabling The majority of installation problems are caused by shortcuts taken with system cables Assemble connector
133. tomati cally tune to the appropriate beacon frequency as you move from one beacon coverage area to another or as weather conditions change Avail able radio beacon signals are constantly evaluated for signal quality by the receiver and only the best station is selected As you travel the Northstar beacon receiver is prepared to switch to another frequency automatically as conditions require The 941X with a Northstar beacon receiver enters automatic differential mode as soon as SC 104 DGPS corrections are received and requires no further supervision as far as differential operation is concerned The beacon receiver maintains automatic operation by using two independ ent receiver channels Channel 1tracks the best available beacon signal the one with the lowest data error rate and sends the demodulated DGPS corrections to the 941X GPS receiver Channel 2 continuously scans the entire beacon frequency band 283 5 to 325kHz locating and measuring received DGPS beacon signals The unit then stores this in formation as a DGPS beacon directory in its battery powered memory If thesignal being received and monitored by Channel 1degrades for any reason the unit tries to select a better frequency from its beacon mem ory This allows it to switch to the best beacon signal before your GPS accuracy can be affected Automatic mode can normally be used for all but specialized applica tions At any time you can override automatic beacon st
134. u key 3 Use the up down cursor keys to turn the alarm on or off and press ENTER To change the level of backlighting of the unit s screen and keys 1 Press the STAR key to display the ALARMS amp BACKLIGHT screen 2 Pressthe BRIGHT menu key to make the lighting brighter 3 Pressthe DIM menu key to dim the lighting The 941X calculates tide information for any of over 3 000 NOS NOAA tide stations The entire U S coastline induding Alaska and Hawaii is covered plus many Caribbean islands and western Canada Tides may be 7 Other Special Functions Page 71 Page 72 choosing nearby tide station displayed for any date from 1994 to 2010 Data is from the official tide table predictions and should be as accurate as the printed tables Please refer to Tide Tables published by the NOS NOAA Rockville Maryland 20852 for more information on tides To use TideTrack press the STAR key until the TideTrack graphic is displayed TIDE TRACK FOR CUTTYHUHK PD AUG 15 1955 ERSTERM DAYLIGHT TIME TODAY 3 8 mad Lid bil or ILL Lii 2 4 16 12 2 4 12 LO 12 05 AM LO 12 53 PH comers gt 6 20 HI 39 HEIGHT 2 8 FT The water height for any 24 hour period is displayed for the selected NOAA tide station Atthe top of the screen the selected tide station and the selected day are displayed The center of the screen shows a graphic repres
135. up If all test parameters are met this field will say PASSED If the beacon receiver fails in any of the test criterion the message FAILED will be displayed many cases the cause of the failure is an open or shorted antenna cable which can be repaired in the field If this is not the source of the failure return the 941X to the factory for service SERVICE INFORMATIO NEE AJ10121D ote 2 05 ERCON VER 2 2 4 amp r PASSED O46 rr test PASSED SERVICE INFORMATION This displays the software revision being used by your 941X s main GPS receiver If these lines are blank the GPS receiver has not been tested recently Press the TEST GPS RX menu key and wait approximately 15 seconds for the test procedure to be completed Once finished the re ceiver s revision number will be displayed along with the message PASSED in the GPS RX SELF TEST line at the bottom of the screen If 8 Customizing the 941X Rev D keypad test wiring info the message FAILED is displayed return the 941X to the factory for service SERVICE INFORMATION Presse STAR PRESS AND HOLD CURSOR UP OR DOWN KEY TO END TEST A built in test feature allows you to verify the integrity of your 941X key pad Each key you press here will be identified in the KEY PRESSED display box This function works for all but the POWER CONTRAST control and
136. ure the 800 for correct output format execute COMMAND 83 for output port A or COMMAND 84 for output port B Press the lower SELECT button until PRINTER appears in the lower display and press ENT Then enter the following sequence to program the output parame ters TO OUTPUT THIS DATA TO 941X 0183 output format 8 bits no parity 4800 baud 26 ITEM 4 40 ENT include RMA sentence in output Table 7 Northstar 800 Series Output Port Setup Only used if you want the waypoint to which you are navigating to be automati cally transferred to the 941X s waypoint database 9 Installation and Interfacing Page 123 connecting to Interfacing to other devices requires slightly different pin wire connec other devices tions For example use the following table to enable the 941X to com municate with a Yeoman electronic chart plotter i CONNECT TO EITHER lt WIRES NMEA OUT white NMEA IN brown 3 white w brown stripe 6 Data Return green white w blue stripe 4 white 5 NMEA IN red NMEA OUT violet 12 yellow 15 DATA RETURN black blue w white stripe 8 black 10 GROUND Table 8 Yeoman Electronic Plotter Setup with 941X connecting to an If your 941X is not equipped with an internal beacon receiver you can external source interface it with an external Northstar model 8800 8401 or 8400 bea of differential receiver or other source of differential corrections As described
137. ve the flashing cursor to the next character you want to enter Usetheup and down arrows to moveto the next line you want to enter When the entire screen is correct press the ENTER key The 941X will accept the full screen of data and store it in memory To enter numbers simply press the digits of the keypad The flashing cursor automatically moves to the next character Many items such as waypoint names accept letters as well as numbers Each key of the keypad is labeled with up to four characters Find the key with the desired character and press that key one or more times to dis play the character When the character has been selected use the right arrow cursor key to move the cursor to the next character position Press ENTER when all the characters are correct Hereare some of thethings you can do with waypoints using your 941X 1 Navigate to a point in one step a quick start waypoint 2 Enter waypoints into the 941X s memory for later use 3 Navigateto these waypoints 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Rev D String these waypoints together to form routes Follow these routes Edit or erase waypoints or routes Plot waypoints or routes Transfer waypoints and routes from the 941 to a personal com puter and back again Creati ng To enter waypoints press the WAYPTS ROUTES key Press the WAYPT LIST menu key and then the ADD menu key A screen similar to the following is displayed
138. waypoints within 100 LOCAL list 30 closest waypoints within nm 100 nm nearest first nearest first alpha list Waypoints listed under the ALPHA screen in the 941X s memory are displayed in alphabetical order Waypoints with a digit as the first char acter appear near the beginning of the list Saved waypoints appear near the end Rev D 4 Creating Waypoints and Routes Page 41 Page 42 saved list avoid list local list Coordinate Options Updating Waypoint Coordinates All saved waypoints stored by pressing the SAVE MOB button and having a name such as S001 are listed in order of the time at which they were saved with the most recent first Up to 30 avoidance points within 100 nautical miles are listed in order of their distance from your position In the LOCAL list up to 30 of the closest waypoints within 100 nautical miles are listed in order of distance from your position This list is par ticularly useful when you wish to deal with only the waypoints in your area Even though you may have hundreds of waypoints stored the local waypoints are very often the only ones you are interested in You may find yourself using this list most of the time Whenever a waypoint list is displayed you may display the waypoint s coordinates on the right side of the screen in any of the following ways by pressingthe COORD OPTION menu key 1 latitude longitude coordinates 2 coordinates originally used to
139. which initiates the series of coded pulses emulated by the secon daries precipitation static Also known as P Static Precipitation induced electrical charge which can build up on antenna surfaces result ingin poor radio reception readout The panel of graphic images and alphanumeric characters used by the 941X to display navigation data SNR Signal to Noise Ratio Guide number for determining the relative quality of GPS DGPS or loran signals as compared to back ground radio noise TD Time Difference The measured amount of time in millionths of a second between loran signals received from the master and the secondary stations track A desired line of travel waypoint A particular location defined for navigation purposes by its lat lon distance and bearing or TDs used as an intermediate or final destination Rev D Glossary Page 137 absolute See accuracy absolute ACCURACY repeatable 5 nine renes 135 ACCURACY absolute ERG A 5 135 6 8 9 absolute loran sss 8 Coast Guard 2 2 6 DGPS aon 2 4 7 9 26 27 34 74 75 from waypoints entered as 0 5 9 GPS i sed det 2 5 9 28 75 GPS Speed i HEU ea 87 repeata
140. wice to return to the TIDE TRACK screen and display the tides for that station choosing a The94XX will display NOAA tide stations within 100nm of any waypoint distant tide stored in its memory You can always store a waypoint just for the pur Station pose of locating tide stations in that area at a later date Refer to Creating Waypoints on for more information on storing a waypoint To choose a tide station near a waypoint press the CONFIG key on the TIDE TRACK screen Press the CHOOSE CLOSEST STATION TO WAY POINT menu key A list of the 941X s waypoints is displayed Rev D 7 Other Special Functions Page 73 Page 74 selecting a day Internal Differential Beacon Receiver SEARCH POSITION VIRKEY VIRGIHIA KEY 3 918 175 27 01 195 LO RHODES BANK Use the up or down cursor arrow keys to point to the desired waypoint and press ENTER The 941X will search for and present the nine closest tide stations to this waypoint Now use the up and down arrow keys to point to the desired station and press ENTER twice to return to the TIDE TRACK screen and display thetides for that station The TIDE TRACK screen normally displays tide information for today s date To enter a different date press the CONFIG menu key the TIDE TRACK CONFIGURATION screen is displayed Press the NEW DATE menu key The first character of the present tide date flashes If neces sary

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