M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers 91-SR-005-10
Contents
1. Last cylinder or size or sizeM or sizeK 1 XXX XXX 5 Change the type of the partition to Linux native E Command m for help t Partition number 1 4 1 Hex code type L to list codes 83 6 Make the partition bootable Command m for help a Partition number 1 4 1 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 11 1 4 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS 7 Recheck the partition table Command m for help p Disk dev fla 16 heads 9 sectors 1002 Cylinder units cylinders of 144 512 bytes Device boot begin Start End Blocks Id System dev flal T 1 1002 72139 83 Linux native 8 Save the new partition table disregard any f disk warnings Command m for help w 9 Reboot the machine to let the new partition table load into memory and load Linux again with the new compiled kernel If there is more than one partition this step is vital 4 2 5Creating a Native Linux File System on the DiskOnChip To initialize the file system on the newly created Linux partition on the DiskOnChip 1 Type the following command mke2fs dev flal Note When a small capacity DiskOnChip is used 4MB or smaller more space for inodes needs to be allocated Type the following command mke2fs i 2048 dev flal 2 Mount the file system to a directory mkdir diskonchip mount dev flal diskonchip From now on it is possible to use the DiskOnChip as2. diskonchip etc 5 Create the file et c fsstab that contains the list of files to be mounted vi diskonchip etc fstab 6 Press lt INS gt to start editing and insert the following lines dev flal ext2 defaults 11 proc proc proc defaults 0 0 Press lt ESC gt w and q to save the file Note It is possible to add more devices here For more information refer to the man pages 7 There are several programs that need to be copied to have a functional environment Other programs are not as important although it would be rather difficult to work without them All other programs that are 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 19 1 7 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS not listed below are considered optional Copy these programs to the directories bin or sbin as follows cp bin program_name diskonchip bin program_name bin directory cat echo mount chmod hostname mv chown kill ps cp Ln rm cut login rmdir dd Ls sh df mkdir su dircolors mke2fs sync du mknod umount e2fsck more uname sbin directory halt Shutdown init Swapoff ldconfig Swapon mingetty Telinit mkswap Update reboot rdev runlevel The file name of mingetty varies with the distribution i e RedHat and SuSE use mingetty Slackware uses aget t y To find out what the name of this file in your distribution is perform a grep on oe g etty grep getty etc inittab 8 The 1 ib directory co
3. DiskOnChip firmware i e doc121 exb share the same area in RAM the system will hang during boot when using an unpatched Lilo Updating Lilo solves this problem The existing boot loader needs to be updated as follows tmp doc driver plilo i tmp doc driver boot b This command uses the patched Lilo supplied by the TrueFFS driver and patched boot b and your default etc 1lilo conf Make sure that you run this command in the Linux that booted from the HDD pLilo is actually forcing you to use smaller kernels because it allocates part of the physical memory to the driver Therefore big kernels around 470 KB will have a problem with pLilo pLilo will stop with an error Kernel xxx is too big There are two solutions to this problem 1 Compile the kernel with the bzImage option make bzImage Refer to usr doc HOWTO Kernel HOWTO gz for more information 2 Comment out all big kernels from 1i1lo conf only during the installation procedure M Systems provides a patch file to Lilo sources to make pLilo To activate the patch you must have the Lilo sources available on your system After you verify that the sources are available type the following command patch p0 lt lilo patch You now have pLilo sources 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 22 1 7 M Systems memes Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS Appendix Ill Applying a Patch Manually There are two ways to integrate the TrueFFS driver in
4. error No DiskOnChip 2000 R was found at D000 0 then run the DOS command docpmap i to find out at which address the DiskOnChip is located 4 2 Integrating the TrueFFS driver into Linux 4 2 1 Preparing Linux for Integration To prepare Linux for integration of the driver perform the following steps Note To perform these steps you must be logged in as the superuser root 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 7 1 4 M Systems E o O e 1 The floppy drive must be active Verify this by typing mount Ifthe dev fd0 doesn t appear in the first column type mount dev fd0 mnt From this point it is assumed that the diskette that contains the TrueFFS driver for Linux is mounted at mnt 2 The kernel sources must be installed To check this type ls usr src linux If this directory exists then the kernel sources are installed If not refer to http sunsite unc edw LDP or type zcat usr doc HOWTO Kernel HOWTO gz more 3 Unzip and untar the file driver tgz located on your diskette as follows cd tmp mkdir temp cd temp tar zxvf mnt driver tgz cp rf cd rm fr temp cd usr src linux 4 If you are installing the TrueFFS driver for kernel versions 2 0 type the following command patch p0 lt tmp doc driver doc patch 2 0 This will patch the current kernel sources to include the TrueFFS driver for Linux with kernel version Notice that the patch for the kernel is working on
5. following software programs and tools are required Linux should be installed on your HDD It is possible to check the kernel version by typing the command uname r The Linux kernel sources should be installed in Linux if you don t have them refer to kerne HOWTO at http sunsite unc edu LDP If you are about to install Linux make sure that you also install the kernel sources package and that it is possible to pass a full compilation of your sources A DOS boot diskette or a HDD that boots DOS M Systems DiskOnChip DOS utilities diskette M Systems TrueFFS driver for Linux Note The latest Disk OnChip DOS utilites can be downloaded from M System website www m sys com 3 1 Utilities Diskette Content The following files are needed from the DiskOnChip DOS utilities diskette 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 5 14 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS dformat DiskOnChip formatting utility dupdate Utility for updating DiskOnChip firmware docpmap Utility to retrieve information about the DiskOnChip docl21 ex DiskOnChip firmware image 121 is the firmware version the actual diskette might b contain higher versions of the firmware e g doc122 exb doc123 exb etc doc2 fff Alternative firmware image for the DiskOnChip Note The file doc2 f ff canbe found in the AP 012 directory when using DiskOnChip DOS utilities version 1 21 or higher 3 2 Linux Driver for DiskOnChip The compr
6. DiskOnChip can be installed as an additional disk or as a boot device under Linux It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the Operating System in use While the hardware requirements of the DiskOnChip will be briefly discussed the main part of this installation manual is related to software installation This will include basic driver installation and boot issues 2 Hardware Requirements for the DiskOnChip Originally designed for PC environments the DiskOnChip can also be used in different hardware environments The minimum requirements are a 12 bit address bus an 8 bit data bus and three active low control signals CE OE WR Following is a drawing of the DiskOnChip and its pins For more detailed information of the DiskOnChip hardware environment refer to the various DiskOnChip Datasheets or to the following Application Notes e AP DOC 10 Designing with the DiskOnChip e AP DOC 30 Designing with the DiskOnChip Millennium in a RISC Environment e AP DOC 31 Designing with the DiskOnChip Millennium in a PC Environment 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 0000 3 7 M Systems Fla sh Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS SA12 SA11 SA10 SA9 SA8 SA7 SA6 SA5 SA4 SA3 SA2 SA1 SA0 Active Low Chip Enable Active Low Output Enable Active Low Write Figure 1 DiskOnChip Pins Requirements for Installation of the DiskOnChip into Linux In order to prepare the DiskOnChip to boot Linux the
7. IALIX_CALLOUT_MAJOR 76 Each of the above mentioned files needs to be edited to create the correct patch for your kernel 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 23 1 4 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS In the above example the file usr src linux include linux major h is patched The two lines that start with the mark are added to the current source code and the lines that start with the mark are removed from the source code Repeat this process for all five of the above mentioned files 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 24 14 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers How to Contact Us Internet E mail USA Office M Systems Inc 8371 Central Ave Suite A Newark CA 94560 U S A Phone 1 510 494 2090 Fax 1 510 494 5545 Taiwan Office M System Asia Ltd 11F 2 No 81 Sec 2 Chang Teh Rd Taipei Taiwan R O C Phone 886 2 2550 1741 Fax 886 2 2550 1745 Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS http www m sys com info msys com Japan Office M Systems Japan Inc 1 11 15 Higashi Gotonda Shinagawa ku Tokyo 141 0022 Japan Phone 03 3445 9042 Fax 03 3445 9045 U K Office M Systems UK Ltd PO Box 20 Chalgrove SPDO OX44 TYP Phone 44 0 1865 891 123 Fax 44 0 1865 891 391 Israel Office M Systems Ltd Atidim Industrial Park P O B 58036 Tel Aviv 61580 Israel Phone 972 3 647 7776 Fax 972 3 647 6668 M Systems assumes no responsibility for the use of the mate
8. an additional disk in your system Note If you have created more than one partition repeat the last step for each partition dev flal dev fla2 etec 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 12 1 4 M Systems N o Sing the BiskOnG e 5 Booting Linux from the DiskOnChip Being able to boot Linux from the DiskOnChip makes it possible to use the DiskOnChip as the only disk in the system holding the OS itself in addition to all other applications and files In order to make a block device bootable on Linux the kernel and the Lilo program should be copied to the block device and a root file system needs to be created Creating a root file system on Linux is necessary as from this root file system the kernel is activating several programs such as Init Initialize all processes Swapo Activate swapping n Mount Mount the root and proc filesystems Sh Shell For further details refer to http sunsite unc edu LDP or type zcat usr doc HOWTO Bootdisk HOWTO gz more Warning Notice that the DiskOnChip firmware i e doc121 exb collides with Lilo This means that it is not possible to load Linux from the HDD after the original firmware is restored see par 5 1 4 This doesn t mean that the HDD is non functional It only means that the alternate firmware doc2 f needs to be reloaded see par 4 1 If it is required to boot Linux from both the HDD and the DiskOnChip it is necessary to use both pLilo and boot b provided with the T
9. coded into the driver no other number would work 4 Run Lilo Linux Loader to create the map for the kernel and make sure that doc2000 is listed if not return to the beginning of paragraph 4 2 3 lilo 5 Load the updated kernel with the TrueFFS perform the following steps 6 Reboot the computer and load Linux 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 10 1 7 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS 7 When the Lilo prompt is displayed press lt Ctrl gt or lt Alt gt or lt Tab gt The screen will show Lilo boot 8 Load the recompiled kernel Lilo boot doc2000 4 2 4Creating a Linux Partition on the DiskOnChip To create a Linux partition on the DiskOnChip all the DOS partitions on the DiskOnChip need to be removed and a Linux partition with the native Linux File system ext 2 needs to be created 1 Run the fdisk utility fdisk dev fla Note You may create more than one primary partition Just make sure that the boot flag of the main partition boot is active Note For further information on the fdisk utility refer to the man pages 2 Display the contents of the partition table Command m for help p 3 Delete all existing partitions enter each partition number for deletion Command m for help d 4 Create a new Linux native partition Command m for help n Command actione extended p primary partition 1 4 p Partition number 1 4 First cylinder 1 XXX
10. er where to find the libraries To remake 1d so cache type the following command cd diskonchip chroot diskonchip sbin ldconfig The command chroot is necessary because 1dconfig always remakes the cache for the root file system 5 1 4 Copying the Kernel Updating the Boot Sector and Rebooting To copy the kernel and to update the boot loader files 1 Type the following commands mkdir diskonchip boot cp usr src linux arch i386 boot zImage diskonchip boot doc2000 rdev diskonchip boot doc2000 dev flal cp tmp doc driver plilo diskonchip sbin 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 15 1 4 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS cp tmp doc driver boot b diskonchip boot cp tmp doc driver lilo conf diskonchip etc diskonchip sbin plilo C diskonchip etc lilo conf i diskonchip boot boot b m diskonchip boot map 2 Verify that after the last command the device doc20 00 is listed on the screen 3 If it is required to load other partitions then the file diskonchip etc lilo conf should be edited Note pLilo is the patched Lilo which ensures that the DiskOnChip firmware will not collide with the Linux bootloader The final steps in the process of making the DiskOnChip bootable for Linux are as follows 1 Unmount the DiskOnChip cd unmount dev flal 2 Reboot and load DOS and reinstall the original firmware A gt dupdate win D000 s docl21 exb No
11. essed file driver tgz contains the following files usr src linux drivers block flash_doc flobj obj usr src linux drivers block flash_doc fldrvinx c usr src linux drivers block flash_doc makefile tmp doc driver lilo patch tmp doc driver plilo tmp doc driver lilo conf tmp doc driver boot b tmp doc driver copy2doc tmp doc driver pam d other tmp doc driver samplefs txt tmp doc driver doc patch 2 0 tmp doc driver doc patch example TrueFFS device driver core object file Source code for driver integration with kernel TrueFFS driver s makefile Patch for Lilo to make pLilo Linux loader patched to use with the DiskOnChip Lilo sample configuration file Boot loader udpated to use with DiskOnChip Sample scripts aid tool to create a root file system File meant only for Redhat amp Caldera defines permission access Sample root file system listing Patch for kernel sources 2 0 only attached to TrueFFS driver for kernel versions 2 0 Example patch for kernel sources 2 2 only attached to TrueFFS driver for kernel versions 2 2 Note The included patch files are different for the two TrueFFS drivers When using the TrueFFS driver for kernel versions 2 2 the kernel needs to patched manually and only an example patch file tmp doc driver doc patch example is provided Refer to appendix III on how to manually patch your kernel 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 1 7 M Systems Flash Disk P
12. et DiskOnChip Millennium Data Sheet DiskOnChip Utilities DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual DiskOnChip DIP EVB DiskOnChip Evaluation Board DiskOnChip2000 PIK DiskOnChip DIP Programmer and Integrators Kit DiskOnChip GANG 1 8 DIP Socket Gang Programmer 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 18 1 7 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS Appendix l Making a Root File System To create your own root file system perform the following steps 1 Make the following directories cd diskonchip mkdir bin dev etc lib mnt proc sbin tmp usr var 2 Create devices in the dev directory You can either do this manually or just copy the dev directory from the HDD If you wish to save space it is possible to remove nor required devices i e if you don t have a SCSI drive then remove all the sd devices cp dpR dev diskonchip This command copies many unnecessary inodes to the DiskOnChip Removing them causes no problem as long as you make sure that the ones listed in the sample file system are present 3 Copy and configure the files in the et c directory cp dr etc re d diskonchip etc for RedHat or cp dr sbin init d diskonchip sbin for SuSE cp d etc inittab diskonchip etc 4 Copy the password file and make sure that each user has its default shell installed cp etc passwd diskonchip etc cp etc shadow diskonchip etc itis possible that you do not have this cp etc group
13. fstab 5 Press lt INS gt to start editing and insert the following lines dev flal ext2 defaults 1 1 proc proc proc defaults 0 0 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 14 MA M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS Press lt ESC gt w gq to save the file It is possible to add more devices her for more information refer to the man pages 6 For RedHat and Caldera it is also necessary to copy the configuration file for the pam library responsible for making authentic users cp tmp doc driver pam d other diskonchip etc pam d other Note Appendix I explains how to create your own root file system manually Although this is more complicated than using the above mentioned sample script it is highly recommended All modules should be placed in 1ib modules It is necessary to include at least the programs insmod rmmod and 1 smod If it is required to load the modules automatically then also include modprobe depmod and swapout When using kerne 14d include it along with etc conf modules Some system programs such as login complain when the file var run utmp and the directory var log donot exist To solve this type the following commands mkdir p diskonchip var log run touch diskonchip var run utmp After all the needed libraries and programs are set up run 1dconfig to remake etc 1d so cache on the root file system The cache tells the load
14. ioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS 4 Installing the DiskOnChip as an Additional Drive Before the DiskOnChip can be used as the boot disk for Linux see Chapter 5 it first needs to be installed as an additional disk in the system Linux is booted from a HDD This chapter describes how to prepare the DiskOnChip and Linux to configure the DiskOnChip as an additional disk in the system To achieve this the firmware on the DiskOnChip needs to be updated par 4 1 and then the TrueFFS device driver needs to be integrated into Linux par 4 2 This is done as follows 1 Configure Linux with the required devices par 4 2 1 Preparing Linux for Integration 2 Add the TrueFFS driver to the kernel and recompile the kernel par 4 2 2 Adding the Driver to the Kernel 3 Boot the compiled kernel from your HDD par 4 2 3 Booting the Compiled Kernel from HDD 4 Create a Linux partition on the DiskOnChip par 4 2 4 Creating a Linux Partition on the DiskOnChip 5 Create a native Linux file system on the DiskOnChip par 4 2 5 Creating a Native Linux File System on the DiskOnChip 4 1 Updating the Firmware Before the DiskOnChip can be used as the boot disk or as an additional disk in Linux it needs to be formatted with the alternative firmware image 1 Plug the DiskOnChip into its socket and boot DOS from your HDD 2 Format the DiskOnChip with the alternative firmware dformat win d000 s doc2 fff y Note If you receive the
15. log in If you cannot login when booting Linux from the DiskOnChip make sure that e Your default shell is installed e The pam libraries were placed as explained in par 5 1 3 only for RedHat and Caldera Refer to Appendix II in order to solve this problem Kernel does not compile correctly or patch utility is not available If the kernel does not compile correctly and the problem is not caused by the TrueFFS driver refer to http sunsite unc edu LDP or type zcat usr doc HOWTO Kernel HOWTO gz more Kernel is too big When you run pLilo and you receive the error Kernel xxx is too big recompile the kernel with the bzImage option In step 0 use make bzImage insteadofmake zImage For further information refer to http sunsite unc edu LDP7 or type zcat usr doc HOWTO Kernel HOWTO gz more 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 17 1 24 M Systems peewee O a 7 Additional Information and Tools Additional information about the DiskOnChip including Application Notes can be found at http www m sys com Additional tools and documents are listed in the following table Document Tool Description AP DOC 10 Designing with the DiskOnChip 2000 AP DOC 15 Obtaining DiskOnChip 2000 Information AP DOC 30 Designing with the DiskOnChip Millennium in a RISC Environment AP DOC 31 Designing with the DiskOnChip Millennium in a PC Environment DiskOnChip 2000 Data Sheet DiskOnChip 2000 Data Sheet DiskOnChip Millennium Data She
16. ly on original kernel sources and that the patch is version specific In case the utility pat ch is not available in your Linux environment refer to Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Note If you are installing the TrueFFS driver for kernel versions 2 2 the kernel sourced need to be patched manually see Appendix III Applying a patch manually For your reference an example patch file is included with the driver 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 8 1 4 M Systems peeemmeworewes E the BishOnG hip wit Ent OS 5 Configure the kernel as follows cd usr src linux make menuconfig or make config if the last command doesn t work Define your system by marking the correct devices If you aren t sure what the purpose of the device is then leave it as it is Make sure that you mark the DiskOnChip as Y es under Floppy IDE and other devices When you are finished exit and the new configuration will be saved For further details about compiling the kernel or how to apply a patch refer to http sunsite unc edu LDP or type zcat usr doc HOWTO Kernel HOWTO gz more 6 Remove the old object files make clean 4 2 2 Adding the Driver to the Kernel To compile the TrueFFS driver for Linux 1 Type the following command cd usr sre linux drivers block flashodoc make 2 Check dependencies cd usr src linux make dep 3 Compile the kernel this may take up to 15 minutes make zImage If the kernel is com
17. myI M Systems mums Flash Disk Pioneers Installation Manual IM DOC 021 Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS DEC 99 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 1 4 M Systems TO Cin the DiskOnC nip wi OS LIMITED WARRANTY a M Systems warrants that the Licensed Software prior to modification and adaptation by Licensee will conform to the documentation provided by M Systems M Systems does not warrant that the Licensed Software will meet the needs of the Licensee or of any particular customer of Licensee nor does it make any representations whatsoever about Licensed Software that has been modified or adapted by Licensee b Subsection a above sets forth Licensee s sole and exclusive remedies with regard to the Licensed Software M SYSTEMS MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH RESPECT TO THE LICENSED SOFTWARE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE LICENSED SOFTWARE ARISING FROM ANY COURSE OF DEALING USAGE OR TRADE OR OTHERWISE IN NO EVENT SHALL M SYSTEMS BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE FOR LOST PROFITS OR OTHER INDIRECT SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IN TORT OR OTHERWISE c Licensee shall not make any promise representation warranty or guaranty on behalf of M Systems with respect to the Licensed Software except as expressly set forth herein Please note The Licensed Software is
18. not warranted to operate without failure Accordingly in any use of the Licensed Software in life support systems or other applications where failure could cause injury or loss of life the Licensed Software should only be incorporated in systems designed with appropriate and sufficient redundancy or back up features 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 2 14 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS Contents T SAEFOGUCHOR 2 oosscc corse a ie enced eect eet eek ce a See 4 2 Hardware Requirements for the DiskOnChip s ccceceseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeseeeeseeeneeeneeeeseeeeeanens 4 3 Requirements for Installation of the DiskOnChip into LinuX ccecsseeeeeeeeeeeeeesteeeeeeees 5 SA Utilities Diskette Go 9 9 Ramee te Pe 5 3 2 Linux Driver for DiskONnChip cca casa ees ie Rede aa sect eae a als ancy oe caagh ee cua errs 6 4 Installing the DiskOnChip as an Additional Drive cccecssecsseeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeeeeeseenseeeeeeees 7 4 1 Updating the Firmware Sse ee stern aa wees EE A ced EE E ac ate 7 4 2 Integrating the TrueFFS driver into LINUX 2cccccc cee ieet cece eet eeemeieinetindeetes 7 5 Booting Linux from the DiSKONCHID ccescceeceeeeeesseeeeeceeeeeeeeeneeeeeaeeneeeeseeeseeeesaeenseeneeeesaees 13 51 Creating ta Root File Systemi eatea e ae E toed EE RA 13 6 TROUDIGSIOOUING oasis sot si eca cette nii nierien apanar ew eyed aranea adai E aia IiE daua E daaa eidi 16 7 Additional Info
19. ntains all the shared libraries and loaders Only the appropriate libraries need to be copied to the 1 ib directory To check which libraries are needed type the following command for each file in these two directories ldd sbin filename or ldd bin filename 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 20 1 4 M Systems pememmomrmemrrreres ing th DiskOnCrup EOS For example ldd sbin mke2fs libext2fs so 2 lib libext2fs so 2 libcom_err so 2 lib libcom_err so 2 libuuid so 1 lib libuuid so 1 libec so 5 lib libc so 5 This will show which libraries are needed for the program mke2 f s In this example it is necessary to copy the following four libraries cp lib ext2fs so 2 diskonchip lib cp lib libcom_err so 2 diskonchip lib cp lib libuuid so 1 diskonchip lib cp lib libc so 5 diskonchip lib If you have a long list of files to be copied it is also possible to run the following command ddd bin gt lib_list more lib_list Copy the library loaders as follows cp lib ld so diskonchip lib a out loader cp lib ld_linux so diskonchip lib elf loader It is possible to use ob j copy to reduce the size of the libraries For example objcopy strip debug diskonchip lib lib so 5 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 21 1 7 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS Appendix II Booting from a HDD when the DiskOnChip Firmware is Active Since Lilo and the
20. piled successfully a message similar to the one below should be shown Root device is 3 3 Boot sector 512 bytes Setup is 4332 bytes System is 374 kB sync 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 9 1 7 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS Make 1 Leaving directory usr src linux 2 0 32 arch i386 boot If there are any compilation errors refer to Chapter 6 Troubleshooting 4 2 3 Booting the Compiled Kernel from HDD The new compiled kernel needs to be booted from the HDD The following steps need to be performed 1 Type the following commands cp usr src linux arch i386 boot zimage doc2000 vi etc lilo conf 2 Add the following lines at the bottom of the file press INS to edit the file and save and exit by typing 6 9 6 lt Esc gt w q image doc2000 root dev hdal label doc2000 read only Note The device dev hdal points to the HDD that Linux boots from hda1 is the first partition 1 on the first IDE hard disk a hdb2 is the second partition 2 on the second IDE hard disk b etc If it is not clear which device it is look at the start of the file 1ilo conf and search forthe line first root 3 Make the inodes for the DiskOnChip cd dev mknod fla b 62 0 mknod flal b 62 1 mknod fla2 b 62 2 mknod fla3 b 62 3 mknod fla4 b 62 4 Number 62 stands for major device number Since it is hard
21. rial described in this document Information contained herein supersedes previously published specifications on this device from M Systems M Systems reserves the right to change this document without notice 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 25
22. rmation and Tools ceeccseeeeseeeeeseeeensneeenseeeenseeeeeseeeenseeeeesneeeeeeeeesenaeeseeneeees 18 Appendix l Making a Root File SyStemm ccsseccssceeceseeeesneeeeaeeeeeeeseeeseeeesaeeeeeeeseaesaeessaeenseenseeesaees 19 Appendix ll Booting from a HDD when the DiskOnChip Firmware is Active ccsseese 22 Appendix Ill Applying a Patch Manuallly cccssccsseeesseeeesseeeenseeeenseeeensneeensneeensneeensnaeeeeneeeseneneees 23 How to Conia ei US nite ieee cite ie een eee eae 25 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 3 1 4 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS 1 Introduction M Systems DiskOnChip is a family of flash disks It contains built in firmware that provides full hard disk emulation and allows the DiskOnChip to operate as a boot device When used under Linux the DiskOnChip is managed by a device driver based on M Systems TrueFFS True Flash File System technology The TrueFFS driver is attached to the standard Linux file system ext2 M Systems provides two different TrueFFS drivers for Linux One driver supports kernel versions 2 0 and the other driver supports kernel versions 2 2 This Installation Manual can be used for both drivers When there are differences in the installation it will be pointed out in the text This Installation Manual note is intended for system integrators designing with the DiskOnChip 2000 or DiskOnChip Millennium and describes how the
23. rueFFS driver For further details refer to Appendix II 5 1 Creating a Root File System 5 1 1 Introduction This section is based on Bootdisk HOWTO and other experiments Since each distribution has a different file location and different installations it is possible that you won t succeed in booting Linux the first time from the DiskOnChip When you receive errors follow each error and try to fix things but reload Linux from the HDD and remount the DiskOnChip each time Note There are several programs that create a root file system It is not possible to say that any of them is complete right now but they are worth trying The following program is recommended Yard Yard creates rescue disks also called boot disks for Linux A rescue disk usually contains utilities for diagnosing and manipulating hard disks and file systems It is used when it is not possible or if it is not required to boot from your HDD This package contains mainly perl scripts Refer to http www croftj net fawcet yard Note For a sample root file system refer to the file tmp doc driver samplefs txt which is part ofthe compressed file driver tgz 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 13 1 4 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS 5 1 2 Overview A root file system must contain everything that is needed to support a full Linux system To achieve this the disk must include the minimum requirements for a Linux system e Basic file s
24. te Always use the latest firmware version The latest version can be downloaded from M Systems website www m sys com 3 Reboot the machine and disable the HDD in the BIOS setup or make the DiskOnChip the first boot device in the system by using the following command A gt dupdate win D000 s DOC110 EXB FIRST 4 Linux will now boot from the DiskOnChip 6 Troubleshooting Adding more programs to Linux root file system If the DiskOnChip boots Linux without a problem and it is required to add more programs to the Linux root file system then mount the HDD and copy the required files DiskOnChip does not boot Linux There are several errors that you can encounter during boot e Ifthe DiskOnChip does not boot at all follow all the instructions from the start of this Installation Manual In addition remember to update the original firmware of the DiskOnChip i e doc121 exb with the alternate firmware doc2 f f in order to boot Linux from your HDD e Ifthe kernel boots but it gets stuck on 91 SR 005 10 7L REV 2 0 16 14 M Systems Flash Disk Pioneers Using the DiskOnChip with Linux OS VFS Unable to mount Most likely you forgot to do rdev diskonchip boot doc2000 dev flal e Ifthe DiskOnChip boots and the kernel is loading but it gets stuck after VFS Mounted root ext 2 filesystem readonly Most likely the init program or some if its configuration files weren t copied Cannot
25. to the kernel manually or with a patch utility The TrueFFS driver for kernel versions 2 0 contains patch files for kernel versions 2 0 29 2 0 35 tmp doc driver doc patch 2 0 See paragraph 4 2 1 for detailed information on how to patch your kernel with these patch files When using the TrueFFS driver for kernel versions 2 2 the kernel needs to be patched manually For your reference the driver contains an example patch file t mp doc driver doc patch example This appendix explains how to patch the kernel manually To patch your kernel manually go to your local kernel sources cd usr src linux There are 5 files that you will need to patch usr src linux include linux blk h usr src linux include linux major h usr src linux drivers block Makefile usr src linux drivers block Config in usr src linux drivers block 1l_rw_blk c Review the example patch file t mp doc driver doc patch examp1e provided with the TrueFFS driver driver tgz The file will look something like this include linux major h Tue Aug 12 23 57 23 1997 tmp package usr src linux include linux major h Mon Aug L7 aS SLO 199 8 69 6 69 8 define APBLOCK MAJOR 60 AP1000 Block device define DDV_ MAJOR 61 AP1000 DDV block device define IGEL_FLASH_ MAJOR 62 tom igel de 2 6 98 define SPECIALIX_NORMAL_MAJOR 75 define SPEC
26. ystem structure e Minimum set of directories dev proc bin etc lib usr tmp e Basic set of commands sh ls cp mv etc e Minimum set of config files rc inittab fstab etc e Devices dev hd dev tty dev fd0 etc e Runtime libraries to provide basic functions used by utilities 5 1 3 Populating the File System From this point on it is assumed that the DiskOnChip is mounted to the diskonchip directory The sample script copy 2doc that is provided with the driver is located in directory tmp doc driver This sample script is created for RedHat 5 SuSE 5 2 and Caldera and is customized for RedHat 5 It might be necessary to change the script according to your distribution Files that are specific to a distribution can be found in the script with the distribution name written after it To exclude a file make sure the mark is present at the beginning of the line To include a file make sure the mark is removed The sample script only copies the basic files that are needed for booting For any other operation it is necessary to add more files To create a root file system based on the sample script copy2doc perform the following steps 1 Go to the diskonchip directory cd diskonchip 2 If necessary customize the sample script for other distributions vi tmp doc driver copy2doc 3 Run the script sh tmp doc driver copy2doc 4 Create the list of files to be mounted vi diskonchip etc
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