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Hitachi 42EDT41 Flat Panel Television User Manual

1. Series is offered in two models the 9960 and the 9910 The 9960 is recommended for users requiring large storage capacities of 88 T B of raw storage capacity With the same advanced architecture as the Lightning 9960 the 9910 bridges the gap between standard mid range and premium priced advanced function storage W ith capacities up to 8 T B of storage the 9910 is recommended for users who require advanced function capabilities of premium storage yet do not need the actual storage capacity of the 9960 Table 1 compares key differences between the two product offerings in the Lightning 9900 Series The most advanced design in storage Hitachi Data Systems Table 1 Comparison of the Lightning 9900 Series models Figure 1 The 9960 provides for exploding growth and data consolidation while the 9910 provides for managed growth and open system exploitation The most powerful storage system in the world Proc Greta eso peso Maximum Cache Capacity 32 GB 16 GB Number of Disks HDDs Number of Array Groups Up to 126 Up to 11 Number of ACP pairs Selecting the 9910 or the 9960 is dependent on capacity requirements and expected growth of data The Lightning 9900 Series therefore offers product alternatives that cover a very broad range of scalability as illustrated in Figure 1 Ultimate Scalability using RAID 5 9960 70000 Growth Limit 50000 30000 10000 9910 Growth 5000 Limit GB
2. iiiiiiii 10 Chapter 3 Front end Design of the Hitachi Lightning 9900 Series 11 CH IPs Support Fibre Channel H ost and ESCON Host Connectivity and Scalability cece 11 About the Fibre Channe Interface Boards niini ana anan 12 Bandwidth of Supported H ost InterfaCeS iii 14 Number of Host Interfaces SUpported ia 14 Types of H osts Supported by Direct Fibre Channel H ost Attachment by the Lightning 9900 Series 14 Chapter 4 Hi Star Architecture An Internal Switched Hierarchial Star Network 15 The Internal Hi Star Architecture ceccceccstsssseesesceseesseeeencecsccssenseneeeseacneceseseseeceesscsateeseeseceseasieee 15 TheCacheHierarchical Star NetWork ipa aaa 15 The Cache Switch Provides N on blocking Switched Access to Cache sssrinin 16 The Path Bandwidth Between the CSW and CH IPs or ACPSiS 6 4G B SEC ine 16 The Path Bandwidth Between the CSW and the Cache Adapter CAS is 3 2GB SEC un 16 Advantages of a Switched Architecture Compared to a Shared Bus Architecture ceecceeeeeeeeeeees 16 The 9960 Provides 32 GB of Fully Addressable Cache cscessssssssscssessescsssssssssscssscesstesessseseeessesestasees 18 Hitachi Data Systems Advanced Cache Algorithms of the Lightning 9900 Series ssccccsssscscsessssescsessssrssstecssaseseessssssseeasenes Hitachi FlashAccess Allows D atasets to be Permanently Placed in Cache nesses Read ahead for High performance Sequential ReadS iii The Cont
3. feature and product availability Hitachi D ata Systems sells and licenses its products subject to certain terms and conditions including limited warranties To see a copy of these terms and conditions prior to purchase or license please go to http www hds com products systems 9900 licenses html or call your local sales representative to obtain a printed copy If you purchase or license the product you are deemed to have accepted these terms and conditions 2001 Hitachi D ata Systems Corporation All Rights Reserved DISK 387 01 December 2001
4. 25 HiCommand allows management of virtually all Hitachi hardware Neca and software from the customers platform of Mine choice E Agora apan 2 Authorization Agent Layer mem n e mme maD amet samane am ar Customer HiCommand enables HiCommand is an important Hitachi management tool in that it provides a an enterprise to manage comprehensive storage management software framework that enables an enterprise to Hitachi storage products manage all supported H itachi storage products and many H itachi software solutions and software solutions 1 HiCommand for storage management including alerts configuration parameters LUN mapping 2 HiCommand for SAN management including WWN Discovery and Display 3 HiCommand for storage configuration automation of the Lightning 9900 and Thunder 9200 Configuration W izard 4 HiCommand for data archive with both event and time based backup 5 HiCommand for performance management and optimization that allows correlation of client applications RD BM S servers storage capacity and performance HiCommand functionality is available as a standalone product from H itachi and through the H itachi D ata System independent software vendor partners H itachi has long recognized the importance of the ISV vendors and is working with vendors whose offerings are complementary T his is accomplished through both joint development and engineering Joint certification and where appropr
5. 3TB 512 disks Lightning 9910 9TB 48 disks 3 5TB 48 disks 8 3TB 48 disks Advantages of the Lightning 9900 Series RAID Hardware Hitachi designs the most advanced RAID Redundant Array of Independent D isks Intelligent controllers controllers in enterprise storage to interface to its disk subsystems T hese intelligent offload tasks to controllers provide disk interface and RAID management offloading these tasks to dedicated processors dedicated processors Each Lightning 9900 Series ACP controller supports RAID 1 and RAID 5 parity RAID All disks in the system are defined as part of a RAID array of one type or another Non volatile RAM on each controller accelerates RAID functions particularly disk writes RAID 1 With the announcement of the Lightning 9900 Series RAID 1 was introduced RAID 1 is unique to RAID 1 is a2 Data 2 Data disk arrangement four disks total in a RAID 1 40 Hitachi configuration with a twist a rotating copy RAID 5 Distributed Parity RAID 5 arrays consist of four disks D ata is striped across RAID 5 arrays in a fashion similar to RAID 1 but RAID 5 provides fault resilience by keeping parity information on each stripe of data If a failure occurs the contents of that block can be recreated by reading back the other blocks in the stripe along with the parity Parity information is distributed throughout the array to minimize potential bottlenecks in the event of a need to rebuild
6. An Internal Switched Hierarchical Star Network In ashared bus storage system the number of internal simultaneous processor operations that can occur is equal to the number of buses on the backplane T he shared buses are used by all host channels to communicate between the processors on the host adapters and cache memory In the case of the shared bus design shown in Figure 14 there are four separate buses for data and control information T herefore a maximum of at most four 1 0 s can be processed simultaneously in this architecture On Lightning 9900 Series system however with its internal non blocking switch topology connecting the processors to cache that number is 16 This is equal to the total number of paths between the CSW and the cache module ports Figure 15 T his results in significantly improved simultaneous I O performance of the Lightning 9900 Series system compared to shared bus systems as discussed in Chapter 8 Total of 6 4GB sec to the switchos when tully configured Total of 32GB from the switches to the cache modu 16 total paths also means 16 concurrent operations to cache Figure 14 A shared bus architecture is limited to two simultaneous I O operations Shared bus architecture handle only two simultaneous I Os The Lightning 9900 Series handle 16 simultaneous I Os Figure 15 The Lightning 9900 Series Hi Star architecture allows for 16 parallel I Os to cache through fo
7. Ethernet with a data transfer rate of 10M bits sec 100BaseT Also known as Fast Ethernet with a data transfer rate of 100M bits sec AG Array Group ACP Array Control Processor T he group of processors on a PCB that performs the physical access of the disk drives across four FC AL loops ACP pair A combination of two ACPs Designed in such a manner as to facilitate redundancy and performance Alert A message or log that a computing element generates as the result of an error event collection and analysis An alert indicates that there is a need to perform some service action and it can be sent by a variety of methods to operations personnel API Application Programmer s Interface or API A standardized set of software commands calls that can be used to access a particular software program in a consistent and reliable way Array frame Array frames are the three left and three right cabinets of the Lightning 9900 Series systems housing H D Ds high density disks power supplies and batteries Array group The physical arrangement of disk drives independent of RAID level used 3 Data 1 Parity for RAID 5 and 2 Data 2 Data for RAID 1 Asynchronous Remote Copy The transmission of data between two devices that are not synchronized with a clocking scheme or other technique The sender can send data at any time and the receiver can accept information when it becomes available Synchronous 51 Hitachi Data Sy
8. For increased configuration flexibility H itachi FlashAccess M anager offers multiple modes of operation It can be used in conjunction with Hitachi RapidX change to increase the speed of data transfer and therefore improve performance of mainframe to open systems data exchange H itachi RapidX change offers high speed data transfer among 0S 390 UNIX and Windows N T 2000 platforms Hitachi RapidX change transfers can be open to open as well as mainframe to open Hitachi CruiseControl For open systems and S 390 volumes H itachi CruiseC ontrol provides automatic performance tuning for Lightning 9900 Series products by automatically eliminating performance bottlenecks Utilizing the Lightning 9900 many high speed internal paths to optimize data placenent CruiseC ontrol automatically monitors analyzes and moves logical volumes to eliminate hot spots and provides load balancing to maintain predetermined performance levels Independent of the type of host attachment the CruiseC ontrol makes recommendations for administrator approval in either automatic or assisted mode CruiseC ontrol replaces time consuming and sometimes error prone manual load balancing with simple automated procedures T his ensures long range optimal performance and reduced cost of ownership Centralized and Open Systems Management Software Simplifies IT Operations Storage Maximizer The Hitachi Storage M aximizer is a solutio
9. Graph Track also highlights valuable cache information Cache read write and read hit ratios are reported in real time Each system connected to H itachi Graph Track can be tuned separately Connecton Indicatore Current Selected Subsystem System amp Databese Performance Subsystem Logical Volume A Data Display Fertormance Buttons a ec lowe eae hene naas 2 Busy cys BESSES ervbrrPretrerbrnbrebredrreterrtard 1309 1010 104 1012 10 12 40 34 10 18 1018 1047 10 14 99 fel oss Mast Placard Dots Sampie Tire Syste Situa Datatsee Status Meno Mens Hitachi LUN Manager simplifies configuration management and reduces staffing costs Hitachi LUN M anager is an open systems management utility With H itachi LUN M anager open systems Logical Units LU N s can be defined configured and maintained There is no more waiting for the hardware vendor to come and make configuration changes Hitachi LUN M anager includes an easy to use G U l based interface that allows the easy definition of paths for LU N s the reconfiguration of LU N to port assignments or the viewing of the Lightning 9900 remote service information messages Because the Hitachi LUN M anager can assign multiple paths to a single LUN support of alternate path failover path load balancing and clustered systems is possible Running on a standard W indows based PC connected to the storage s
10. H itachi D ata Systems experts are available to help customize and install this advanced alternative to existing renote copy technologies The H itachi service helps the enterprise adapt Hitachi N anoC opy to the most rigorous requirements insures maximum operations efficiency and availability and shortens enterprise recovery time dramatically in the event of a disaster Professional Services and Support Continuous Availability Service Keeping critical systems available at a level 4 or 5 on the Scale of 9s is no easy task It involves the best of hardware software and operations practice H itachi D ata Systems professional services experts review the entire backup and recovery software portfolio operations procedures and hardware configurations of the enterprise Weaknesses that threaten the IT environment are then systematically analyzed and eliminated H itachi consultants employ best consulting practices in both open systems and M V S application backup and recovery both on site and off site to conduct the assessment Asafirst deliverable a baseline will be created and presented for analysis of potential strengths and weaknesses of the current processes equipment software and practices Recommendations are then discussed to improve availability and reduce the risk of data loss On line Data Migration Service The Hitachi D ata M igration Service helps migrate data from existing systems to newly installed systems while minim
11. Patent and Trademark Office as a trademark and service mark of Hitachi Ltd The Hitachi D ata Systems logotype is a trademark and service mark of Hitachi Ltd Hi Star Freedom Storage Lightning 9900 FlashAccess N anoC opy Graph Track CruiseControl SAN tinel Shadow mage H i Track Freedom D ata N etworks Dynamic Link M anager RapidXchange and iLAB are trademarks of Hitachi D ata Systems C orporation BETA and HARBOR aretrademarks of BETA Systems Software AG BROCADE isatrademark of BROCADE Communications Systems Inc Compaq is a registered trademark and Tru64 and TruC luster are trademarks of Compaq C omputer Corporation Computer Associates and Unicenter TN G are registered trademarks of Computer Associates International Inc EMC and Symmetrix are registered trademarks and TimeFinder is a trademark of EMC Corporation Emulex is a trademark of Emulex Corporation H P U X Hewlett Packard and O penView are registered trademarks of Hewlett Packard Company BM ESCON S 390 05 390 Sequent DYNIX ptx RS 6000 NetView MVS Enterprise System Architecture 390 ESA 390 and ES 9000 are registered trademarks and H ACM P 6000 GDPS and FICON are trademarks of International Business M achines Corporation AIX is being used under license nformix is a registered trademark of Informix C orporation ntel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds M cD ATA isa register
12. Resource M anager Hitachi Graph Track Graph Track is a software utility in the Freedom 9000 Resource M anager suite that allows a robust set of system and network management utilities and provides graphical reports for Lightning 9900 performance and availability and configuration management Hitachi Hi Star Architecture At the heart of the Lightning 9900 revolutionary design is the Hitachi H i Star Architecture which provides multiple redundant non blocking paths between the 59 Hitachi Data Systems 60 storage ports multiple cache nodes and multiple disk Array Control Processors ACPs Each path runs at 100M B s permitting the Lightning 9900 to scale up to a total bandwidth of 6 4 GB s This is six to eight times the internal bandwidth of shared bus based storage systems For redundancy and performance H i Star consists of four cache switches that are cross connected to four cache modules and two control memory banks T hese control memory banks contain addressing and control information and are also cross connected to front end storage ports and back end disk array ports Hitachi InstantSplit H itachi InstantSplit is an enhancement to Shadow mage that provides multiple copies of data against which new applications can be tested or data mining queries can be run even before newly created Shadowlmage pairs have been fully synchronized With InstantSplit and the Lightning 9900 bottl
13. a certain point in time Snapshots are used for backup and recovery SNMP Simple N etwork M anagement Protocol SN M P is a protocol used for communication between simple server resident SN M P agents that respond to network administration requests from simple to sophisticated SN M P manager tools running on remote workstations Solaris Sun s U N IX operating system based on System V release 4 SPARC Scalable Processor Architecture SPARC International s specification for Reduced Instruction Set C omputer RISC CPUs Stripe In RAID terminology a stripe is when data is read or written in parallel to or from multiple disks instead of reading or writing all data to one disk Striping provides much higher performance through its parallel design SVP Service Processor of the Lightning 9900 Series SWAN Storage W ide Area N etworks SWAN s are interconnected SAN s over long distances They are made possible by Fibre Channel and ESCON extenders Switch In networking terminology a switch is a computing device that filters and forwards packets between Local Area N etwork LAN segments Switches operate at the data link layer layer 2 of the O SI Reference M odel and therefore support any packet protocol A special type of switch called an L4 switch operates at the fourth layer Transport Layer of the O SI Reference M odd and is responsible for the integrity of data transmissions between LAN segments LAN s that u
14. and is used to establish interoperability parameters FICON An ESA 390 computer peripheral interface File Backup The practice of copying a file that is stored on disk or tape to another disk or tape is referred to as file backup This is done for protection in case the active file gets damaged Backup is considered local copy as opposed to remote copy See also Remote Copy Front End In reference to storage arrays the front end is considered to be the interfaces or ports to the real world the processors servicing these ports and in some cases the cache memory On the Lightning 9900 Series systems the front end consists of CH IP pairs Gigabit Ethernet Provides a standard that supports data transfer at 1000 megabits sec Gigabit Ethernet is also called 1000BaseT Category 5 copper wire or 1000BaseX fiber optic T here is a 10 000BaseT version of the Ethernet standard that will be widely available by 2002 Gigabyte Technically a gigabyte is 1024 M egabytes although most disk drive manufacturers today define it as 1000M B This is a source of great confusion in the storage industry GUI GUI is an acronym that refers to a Graphical U ser Interface that is the software that controls the screen presented to a user in a computer application HARBOR File Level Backup Recovery with Lightning 9900 Agent H arbor File Level Backup Recovery is a software utility that provides for network or channel based
15. and network TheCM HSN isamuch simpler network design in that every connection isa point to point connection Only the Cache H SN data paths uses a switched fabric topology for its interconnecting network The CM H SN also uses a narrower path and more of them Figure 16 shows a close up view of the CM H SN s networking topology Referring back to the diagram in Figure 2 there are two CM H SN paths connecting the processors to the control memory H owever the diagram in Figure 15 shows four paths per processor module T here are 64 4 bit paths connecting the processors to the control memory T he diagram in Figure 2 shows the 4 bit paths combined into their full 8 bit plus a parity bit paths The zoomed in view in Figure 16 shows all of the ports to the Hi Star Architecture An Internal Switched Hierarchical Star Network control memory in its split configuration Again control memory is mirrored This path topology is used to facilitate this mirrored architecture Either way the bandwidth is calculated in the CM H SM the bandwidth is 3 2G B sec total when all of the processor modules are installed 4 bits clocked at 100M H z equals 50M B sec per path multiplied by 64 ports is 3 2G B sec bandwidth Or the full 8 bit path clocked at 100M H z multiplied by the combined 32 ports of the control memory pair equals 3 2G B sec total Figure 16 Separate redundant control memory handles the exchange of control information
16. backup restore of open systems client files to an O S 390 host using a common graphical user interface O nline non disruptive backup recovery of popular database mail and Enterprise Resource Planning ERP applications are optional Client support is available for Windows O S 2 UNIX NetWare and VMS host platforms H igh speed data transfer is also available using Hitachi RapidXchange and other channel based technologies HARBOR File Transfer T his software utility provides automatic reliable and secure data transfer between O S 390 and open systems hosts using high speed ESCON FICON channelsor network communications H FT can be thought of as a very high speed FTP that does not use a network High performance is enabled by allowing multiple file transfers to Glossary run concurrently Reliability is enhanced with retry logic alternate path routing and restart from point of failure Ease of use is provided by aJava client interface a system monitor scheduling support and remote control of client functions from O S 390 HDD High density disks Used in the Lightning 9900 Series HDmS The Hitachi D ata Systems M igration Service H D mS is a Hitachi D ata Systems professional service that helps users migrate data from existing systens to newly installed systems while minimizing the impact on mission critical applications H D mS features a four phase approach that includes assessment planning mi
17. data for each data stripe in the array RAID 3 4 5 RAID 5 which distributes parity information across all disks in an array is among the most popular means of providing parity RAID since it avoids the bottlenecks of a single parity disk T he Lightning 9900 algorithms enable performance from RAID 5 that is competitive with some vendor s RAID 1 Some vendors do not offer RAID 5 RAID Controllers RAID controllers provide a highly optimized scheme for securely managing RAID configurations on storage systems H itachi RAID controllers allow RAID arrays to be expanded online and support conversion of an array from one RAID level to another Recovery Time The period from the disaster declaration to the recovery of the critical functions Remote Copy Remote C opy refers generically to software or hardware utilities that provide the capability to copy data from one online volume to remote volumes without disruption Synchronous techniques are used for short distances typically less than 25 miles and asynchronous techniques over LAN WAN M AN are used at any distance Remote Copy Links This term refers to the links used between storage systems for the movement of data Today these links are either direct connect ESCON Fibre Channe or network links T 3 ATM etc For direct connect ESCON there is a limit of 43km 25 miles For direct connect Fibre Channel the limit is 10km H owever newer technologies such as the Nortel OPTER
18. data from a failed disk The overhead of RAID 5 is equivalent to one disk drive regardless of the size of the array RAID Rebuild Capability In the event of a disk failure RAID 1 o0r RAID 5 arrays can be rapidly and automatically rebuilt using available hot spare drives T he Lightning 9900 also allows logical volumes to be expanded online Configurations for RAID 1 and RAID 5 are shown in Figure 20 23 Hitachi Data Systems Figure 20 The Lightning 9900 Series systems are available with RAID 1 and RAID 5 arrays Each drive has the industry unique feature of supporting dual active ports 24 RAID 1 2D 2D RAID with n RAID 5 ee Data is striped with party over RAID members 6 tracks HDO1 HDDS HDD2 HDD4 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk3 Di sk4 Primary Data BPrinary Data Copy High density Disk Drive Assemblies HDDs The disk drives used in the Hitachi Lightning 9900 Series are specially designed for high availability and performance by Hitachi Limited Each drive has the industry unique feature of supporting dual active ports T his provides significantly increased performance H itachi H igh Availability Software I mproves Application Service Levels An Overview of High Availability HA Computing Software It is increasingly important for a business to support continued access to global information 24 hours a day 7 days a week What s more careers often depend on the availability of service lev
19. or technique If an existing product is insufficient in some form that becomes the impetus for creating a newer product For example early implementations of copy software would reduce backup windows from hours to minutes by not requiring the application to endure an outage for the duration of the Point in Time copy process T he application would still require an outage or quiesce but merely for the duration necessary to initiate the process seconds or minutes U sing these products however the backup is not guaranteed and could subsequently fail This led to the development of such products as Snapshot StorageTek Shadowl mage H itachi and TimeFinder EM C The jargon of copy software alternatives is made even more confusing when traditional backup methods are considered Of the literally hundreds of solutions that vendors have devised only three basic functions are actually being performed 39 Hitachi Data Systems Real time point in time copies heighten both data security and mobility for a variety of critical activities including protection testing disaster recovery and warehousing Table 5 Hitachi copy products provide Remote Copy Data Duplication and Data Migration 36 Business Goals served by Copy Software Worldwide commerce and industry have become increasingly dependent on IT resources to conduct business Even a temporary loss of critical applications or data access can cause
20. serious economic impact to a company and an extended outage can threaten a company s existence Regulatory and competitive pressures coupled with the potential financial impact of unavailable systens have motivated IT executives to address availability as one of their top priorities Primarily because of these strict requirements on availability storage systems have been enhanced over the years to include copy service functions T hese hardware assisted functions have allowed customers to minimize outages associated with copying data for backups maintain disaster recovery sites for critical data create business intelligence applications that use copies of production data or simply move data to newer hardware with a minimum of outage times Real time point in time copies heighten both data security and mobility for a variety of critical activities including protection testing disaster recovery and warehousing No matter where the data is located it can be replicated quickly and safely within the same data center or between different data centers This ability to share data within the enterprise positions a business to respond quickly to competitive pressures and meet the fundamental business goal of business agility As shown in Table 5 software products provide the functions of data migration data duplication and remote copy T hese functions are critical to perhaps the two most important business objectives of the enterprise 1 to main
21. sometimes recommended CORA is an important component of the Hitachi consulting services This service can help identify the cost benefit and ROI in the enterprises computing infrastructure to reduce outage windows and the impact of an outage Hitachi findings and recommendations will be in accordance with the enterprises business drivers and in clear terms that IT executives can take to their executive team See also Chapter 2 Data Protection Services The Hitachi Data Protection Services team is trained in architectural analysis configuration planning and enterprise assessment The team uses structured methodologies that promote consistent results By applying H itachi s world class software solutions the H itachi D ata Protection Services implement essential copy solutions by moving data in Hitachi Data Systems professional services provide comprehensive connectivity management and availability capabilities CORA can help identify the cost benefit and ROI in the enterprise computing infrastructure 45 Hitachi Data Systems Hitachi Data Systems provides expert consultants to assist in assessing processes and procedures 46 order to protect it The D ata Protection Services team uses software in all three categories of data movement 1 Data Migration 2 Real Time Copy 3 Point in Time Copy The team will perform data relocation and migration tasks that establish rock solid backup and disaster recovery cop
22. 60 and up to 24 on the 9910 No card slots are subtracted from anywhere else in the subsystem to accommodate these ports Types of Hosts Supported by Direct Fibre Channel Host Attachment by the Lightning 9900 Series The Lightning 9900 Series supports all major open systems hosts and mainframe hosts for unmatched connectivity The Lightning 9900 Series supports direct Fibre Channe host attachment to all major open systems platforms as listed below e WindowsNT 4 0 e Windows 2000 e HP UX Solaris Sun e AIX 32 and 64 bit IBM e NetWare Novell e Linux Red Hat e IRIX SGI e Tru64 UNIX Compaq e OpenVMS Compag Hi Star Architecture An Internal Switched H jerarchical Star N etwork The Internal Hi Star Architecture The internal H i Star architecture consists of two separate networks the Cache Hierarchical Star N etwork C H SN and the Control M emory Hierarchical Star N etwork CM HSN The Cache Hierarchical Star Network The C HSN isthe network used for transferring data to and from the main global data cache The C H SN can also be broken down into two component networks the processor paths to the C H SN and the actual C H SN as shown previously in Figure 2 Figure 12 provides a detailed illustration of the processor paths and the C H SN Figure 12 The Cache Hierarchical Star Network C HSN DTA provides fully redundant i 2 Paths per PCB switch
23. 7700E and Lightning 9960 system with 1GB cache 4 Fibre Channel FC AL topology ports 2 ACP pairs 6GB 12 030RPM drives RAID 5 formatted The following are differences between the 7700E and Lightning 9960 system for the OLTP workload e 7700E used OPEN K volumes and a total of 48 disk drives 12 array groups total e Lightning 9960 system used O PEN 9 volumes some doubling up of tables occurred because of this 40 disk drives 10 array groups total and 18GB 10 025RPM drives The DSS workload runs on a Sun platform and consists of the following configuration e 2 Sun E3000 dual processor 250M H z 512M B RAM each 2 32 bit NI HBAs point to point fabric topology Fibre Channel switch Ancor MKII 16 ports connected each e Sun Cluster 2 1 e Oracle Parallel Server 8 0 5 16KB database block size 256K B 1 O block size e DSS database with one large table 600037899 rows at 112 bytes each Performing full parallel table scans with multiple instances e 7700E and Lightning 9960 system with 1GB cache 4 Fibre Channel point to point fabric topology ports 4 ACP pairs 6GB 12 030RPM drives RAID 5 formatted 64 disks total 16 array groups T he following are 49 50 Hitachi Data Systems differences between the 7700E and the Lightning 9960 system for the DSS workload e The7700E used all 6GB drives e TheLightning 9960 system used a mix of 18GB and 47GB drives Glossary of Terms 10BaseT
24. A product are allowing direct fibre connect over longer distances Risk Management The discipline that ensures that an organization does not assume an unacceptable level of risk SAN Storage Area N etworks SAN s connect storage systems to servers through Fibre Channa or Ethernet switches H itachi s implementation of SAN is known as Freedom D ata Networks FDN M ajor benefits of SAN s include outboard backup sharing of resources pooling and reduced cost of storage management Storage Area N etworks SAN are high speed subnetworks of shared storage devices SAN architecture works in away that makes all storage devices available to all serverson aLAN or WAN Because stored data does not reside directly on any of a network s servers server power is utilized for business applications and network capacity is released to the end user See also FDN Fibre Channa Glossary 67 Hitachi Data Systems 68 SCSI Small Computer System Interface An intelligent bus level interface that defines a standard 1 O bus and a set of high level I O commands T here are currently many flavors of SC SI defined by different bus widths and clock speeds The seven major variations of SC SI are SC SI 1 SC SI 2 Fast N arrow SC SI 2 Fast W ide Ultra SC SI Fast N arrow Ultra SC SI Fast Wide also called SC SI 3 Ultra 2 SCSI N arrow Ultra 2 SCSI Wide See also Fibre Channel Snapshot A term that refers to a copy of a file system at
25. Hitachi Lightning 9900 Series Architecture Guide The Only Switched Storage Architecture in the World HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS Hitachi Lightning 9900 Series Architecture Guide The Only Switched Storage Architecture in the World Performance Considerations The Lightning S300 vions are the Best in the Ward Centralized and Open Systems Management Software Simplifies IT jones Prolassional Services and Supporti HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS Hitachi Data Systems Table of Contents Table Of Contents iure io ia iii TablGorFIGUresHa iii aa aa vii TOC Of Tables dati viii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 The Only Switched Fabric Storage Architecture in the World 1 Lightning 9900 Series Product OffErINGS cccsseccccsssssescsessscssscssscessseecssasescesssssessesecesseecssaseseesesasretasens 1 An Overview of the H itachi Lightning 9900 Series Architecture 2 Comparison to the Shared Bus Architecture of the H itachi Freedom Storage 7700E in 4 The Lightning 9900 has an advanced availability profile compared to competitive prodUctS 4 Other Information Sources Available from H itachi D ata Systems 5 Chapter 2 The Lightning 9900 Series Packaging 7 Miodel 9960 Packaging x iii alata 7 Model 9960 Comtrol Frame 7 Model S960 Array Fates nosio udiera ia a eaa iaa ei 8 M odel 9910 Packaging assiro lara 9 The System M onitoring Network of the Lightning 9900 Series
26. Managed Growth and Open Exploitation 500 B An Overview of the Hitachi Lightning 9900 Series Architecture The Lightning 9900 Series intelligent storage array is the most powerful enterprise storage system in the industry today The new architecture used in the Lightning 9900 Series is specifically designed for the brutal I O demands of open systems environments Extremely high internal bandwidths high speed back end design scalable internal pathways increased processor speeds and increased number of processors larger cache sizes and a new and improved high performance RAID 1 called RAID 1 sets the Lightning 9900 Series apart from all other storage systems Figure 2 illustrates the architecture of the Lightning 9900 Series Introduction Up to 16 FICON Ports or 32 Fibro ChanneVESCON Ports for 9960 SAN Access Up to 12 FICON Ports or 24 Fibre ChanneESCON Figure 2 The Hitachi Ports tor SAN A le j orts tor cess Lightning 9960 Series Hi Star internal switched fabric architecture III IRENUGEEZZZEZEZZZZZNI Ilbadidanadona dristottinite 9960 4 CSWs 9910 2 CSWs 9960 1 4 ACP pairs 9910 1 ACP pair Cache HSN Processor Paths to C HSN Control Memory HSN er di sod te Up to 32 FC AL Paths to the Backend Disks and up to 512 Disks Total for the 9960 Up to 8 Paths and 48 Disks for the 9910 At the heart of the Lightning 9900 Series enor
27. Processor Side Cache Side 3 Processor Ports por CSW andati 4 port cache PCBs one CSW per PCB The Path Bandwidth Between the CSW and CHIPs or ACPs is 6 4GB sec The paths that connect the Client H ost Interface Processors or CH IPs through the Data Adapters DTA to the CSW and the CSW to the cache modules are each 16 bits wide plus 2 bits for parity The bandwidth of each path is 200M B sec This is the data transfer rate of a 16 bit wide path parallel clocked at 100M H z 16 bits at 100M H z equals 200M B sec As mentioned there are 32 paths from the processor modules of the Lightning 9960 AC Ps and CH IPs to the ports of the CSW s This equals 6 4G B sec 32 paths at 200M B sec of bandwidth to the processor side of the switched fabric when all 16 component modules are installed The Path Bandwidth Between the CSW and the Cache Adapters CAs is 3 2GB sec The bandwidth between the cache side of the Cache Switch CSW and the cache modules is 3 2G B sec 16 paths at 200M B sec total This bandwidth will always be 3 2G B sec as long as the four CSW s and the four cache modules are installed and functioning Advantages of a Switched Architecture Compared to a Shared Bus Architecture W hen considering the advantages of a switched bus architecture to that of a shared bus architecture Figure 14 the number of operations that can be present on the buses simultaneously is the key difference Hi Star Architecture
28. RAID CHOICES ii Chapter 8 Performance Considerations 23 23 23 23 23 24 25 25 25 25 26 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 31 Truly Scalable Pertormance cces scuiscascsevecsatesssaesvacesddes dvs aa The Advantages of the Lightning 9900 Series H i Star Architecture O ver a Shared Bus Architecture Internal Switching O vercomes the Limitations of Shared BUS Architectures i TEX REUS iii ira clio ila ii Chapter 9 The Lightning 9900 Series Software Solutions Are the Best in the World Increased IT service levels in availability and performance through Business Continuity Planning BCP Software ANd SErVICES iena Remote Copy Data Duplication D ata Migration D efined oo eccsssescssesssssesesssssseecsssssseessesesetreeseseres REMOTE C OPV EEE E EE E A E EE E E A hiss dasat asuatatsatasndeudswcstvatal tects PICO ascii Data Migration ea eni Business Goals Served by Hitachi Copy Software iiii Chapter 10 Centralized and Open Systems Management Software Simplifies IT Operations ___ A powerful and open systems management philosophy cccsscescssssscssssscssssssesssecsseseseesssesseteasenes HiCommand allows systems management of Hitachi Storage and software through the enterprise s VEN COM OR CHOICE iraniana The components of HiCOMMANA cssecesssscssscscsssesscssseessssceseecesecseesscsseeseavscessusesssesedesesaseseeeavaseceteaseses Overview of how the Systems M anagemen
29. Shared Bus Architectures It can be seen from Figure 24 that a reduction occurs in the OLT P performance for the shared bus architecture of the 7700E system This occurs at Point 1 when the DSS application begins at about 45 minutes into the test It depicts the effect that the DSS application full table scans has on the OLTP workload due to the fact that both applications compete for bus bandwidth In the Lightning 9900 Series system with its Hi Star architecture however each workload essentially has its own internally routed paths T his means that the main reason for performance decline for the OLTP application i e bus contention does not occur when the DSS application starts Although there may be some contention at the cache there are 16 simultaneous operations concurrently happening at the cache T his far exceeds the demands of most application requirements which can be measured with the limited multiple shared bus architectures on the market today Test Results The DSS application starts performing full table scans while the O LT P application has been running by itself for approximately 45 minutes The 9960 s O LT P application started at a Transaction Per M inute T PM rate of about 2350 and sustained this rate during the start of the D SS application and throughout the D SS application s run T he 9960 s DSS application started with a transfer rate of about 220M B sec or over 2 3 million rows per second T here was no redu
30. agement of storage systems and backup to either disk or tape 100M B per second Fibre Channel FC connectivity for distances of up to 10 kilometers and high availability The main benefits of SAN implementation are e Reduces cost of storage ownership through the more efficient use of resources e Shortens backup windows significantly through parallel backup Saves server processing cycles through server free backup e Reduces the impact of backup on LAN performance e Enables consolidation of tape backup systems into larger silos e Permits wide access to distributed critical data on servers and workstations e Saves on training and personne costs in highly heterogeneous environments Hitachi consultants employ best consulting practices in both open systems and MVS application backup and recovery Hitachi Data Migration Service can provide an unprecedented level of data protection and availability during migration Hitachi Data Systems offers an entire suite of SAN services to assist clients in planning and implementing SANs 47 Hitachi Data Systems Interoperability Laboratory Service provides clients with the knowledge of pre tested components of a SAN Hitachi Data Systems uses a software utility to help an enterprise organize its software portfolio 48 H itachi D ata Systems offers an entire suite of professional services that will assist clients in planning and implementing Storage Area N
31. allow an enterprise to replicate protect and share data in dynamic new ways The three main terms used for copy software are Remote Copy A term that refers to to the operations procedure of continuously sending updates to a remote geography in order to provide a time consistent copy of that data Synchronous Remote C opy is typically used over short distances and careful consideration of performance requirements is required Asynchronous communication techniques with methods of insuring data sequencing by timestamping are used for longer distances The purpose of remote copy is to protect the data in the event of a business interruption PiT Copy A process that creates a static image of data at a specific time e g backups is generally referred to as Point in Time PiT snapshots Data Migration Software that moves data permanently from one storage device to another T his feature is different from data duplication in that at the end of the process there is only one copy of data The purpose of data migration is to consolidate storage or upgrade to new systems Of the literally hundreds of solutions that vendors have devised only three basic functions are actually being performed e Point in T ime copy PIT copy e Real time copy disaster recovery e Data relocation or data migration T here are many reasons for the proliferation of products and techniques but the primary motivation is to improve on an existing design
32. ance has to be purchased and installed when the capacity of the original system is exceeded The Lightning 9900 system has been certified with M C Lock M anager for Oracle Parallel Server and Sun PDB for Oracle Parallel Server Standard Hot swap and Redundant Power Supplies The Lightning 9900 Series provides fully redundant power supplies to ensure uninterrupted power and cooling to all chassis in the system supporting full system power in the event of a power supply failure In the event of such a failure the power supply that has failed can be hot swapped without disruption to the power subsystem 28 Hitachi High Availability Software Improves Application Service Levels Standard Redundant Fans for Cooling The Lightning 9900 provides fully redundant fans for uninterrupted cooling to all components of the system The speed and operation of these fans are monitored by the environmental monitoring system If a fan should fail it can be hot swapped without disruption to the cooling system Unmatched Competitive Advantage in RAID Choices The flexibility in choice for Lightning 9900 Series RAID protection for disk drives is unmatched It is important to have choicesin RAID protection since files and data have different characteristics in terms of user required performance uptime and rebuild times RAID 1 mirroring offers the highest performance read from either disk in the mirror pair during normal op
33. and Line Interface 3 Host Agents reside on the customer s application servers and push information back to HiCommand including percentage of file utilization of LUNs HBA W WN operating system SCSI addresses and other useful device specific and file level information Overview of how the Systems Management Software supports business objectives To be successful in today s business environment companies must attain the highest levels of business agility with maximum IT system efficiency and performance The storage centric model of computing is widely accepted today In this model enterprise data is the most important element of the IT infrastructure Intelligent storage and network management software suites like the H itachi Resource M anager therefore are at the heart of the enterprise s ability to achieve high levels of performance and availability to meet business objectives Explosively growing storage in both centralized and distributed environments must be managed intelligently while ensuring that storage data remains available to all who need it The complexities of heterogeneous computing environments make storage management a daunting task H itachi D ata Systems offers the ideal solution to this difficult challenge H itachi Resource M anager T his comprehensive systems and software management offering brings together Hitachi Graph Track H itachi Virtual Logical Volume Image M anager Hita
34. as a professional service See also Business Continuity Planning Cost Benefit Analysis A major benefit of the CO RA process is the Cost Benefit Analysis where each action to mitigate risk is evaluated in terms of cost and return on investment See also CORA CPU CPU is an acronym for Central Processing Unit Can refer to either a processor chip such as Sun s SPARC or Intel s Pentium or to a processor chip or chips and support circuitry on aCPU board CSW Cache Switch A specially designed crossbar switch for use in the Lightning 9900 Series They are not Fibre Channel switches CTQ Command Tag Q ueuing DA The D ata Adapter resides on the CHT and connects the cache boards to the front end DASD An IBM coined anacronym that means Direct Access Storage D evice i e a disk drive Data availability D ata availability refers to the degree to which a computer system is capable of providing data to its users See also Availability Data Copy A term that refers to both remote copy data duplication and data migration Glossary DD Disk Director Data Duplication Software that duplicates data as in remote copy or Point in Time PiT snapshots Data duplication is differentiated from data migration in that with data duplication at the end of the process there are two copies of data and with data migration there is only one Data Migration Software that migrates data from one storage device to anoth
35. ass storage product in the industry today 1 Hi Star a modern switched fabric storage architecture was introduced in 2000 and is the only one available among enterprise class storage systems 2 TheLightning 9900 Series leapfrogs competitive products in virtually every category of comparison especially in internal hardware architecture availability performance and software solutions 3 Very high availability is provided by an unusually robust product design Full environmental monitoring and hot swap capability is also provided 4 Front end support options include virtually all major open systems platforms and S 390 compatible mainframe computers which provides unsurpassed functionality 5 TheLightning 9900 Series offers scalable performance through a multiple switched architecture hardware RAID real time operating system kernel design and Superior system management tools 6 Backup windows operations efficiency and disaster recovery are optimized using leading H itachi copy migration and data duplication software solutions 7 The Lightning 9900 Series is fully compatible with all major UNZX Windows NT and IBM S 390 mainframe network and system management tools in addition to Freedom Storage management software 8 Hitachi offers optional robust dial in capability that provides world class experts to diagnose problems if they occur Lightning 9900 Series Product Offerings The Lightning 9900
36. between 4 bits o 4 Pons per PCS processors and cache memory about the status location and configuration of data 32 Ports per PCB Switched Por to Por Connections Orly Control Memory Hierarchical Star Network 4 bit x 100MHz x 64 Paths 3 2GB sec 19 Hitachi Data Systems 20 H igh Performance Back end Design High speed Back end Design New Hitachi high performance back end drives are available with the Lightning 9900 Series The drives are attached via Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loops FC AL Eight 100M B sec FC AL connect to dual ported drives for each ACP pair With four configured ACP pairs installed at 800 M B sec per ACP pair that s 3 2G B sec total back end bandwidth to the physical drives Each FC AL path is driven with a dedicated processor and a D ata Recovery and Regeneration D RR circuit This isin contrast to the Hitachi Freedom 7700E where two of the FW SCSI 2 paths in the back end were shared through a single processor and single DRR circuit See also Figure 2 Basically the number of processors and DRR circuits in the back end of the Lightning 9900 Series has increased to 32 for the Lightning 9960 compared to the 7700E s 16 T he diagram of a Lightning 9900 Series ACP pair is shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18 Figure 19 illustrates all four ACP pairs with 32 back end disks per array group The Lightning 9900 Series uses advanced algorithms for managing performance of ACP pa
37. bined internal networks the C H SN and the CM HSN of the Lightning 9900 Series Hub A common connection point for devices in a Fibre Channa network A hub contains multiple ports When a Fibre Channel packet of data arrives at one port it is copied to the other ports so that all storage devices on a SAN can see all packets HXRC Hitachi Extended Remote Copy This is Hitachi D ata Systems IBM XRC compatible host based software asynchro nous remote copy U sing System D ata M over software it guarantees data integrity for dependent write applications HYPERtape An enterprise backup restore solution that leverages current customer investments HYPERtape is a three tier distributed system architecture with central administration and control that supports consolidated and distributed environments H YPERtape can be used to back up data from any supported host to any system that supports the ftp protocol including backup to disk for HSM integration or backup to local or network attached tape O ver 30 host platforms are covered and 70 library modules are supported All popular RD BM S programs are supported including O racle SAP R 3 Informix Sybase D B2 Adabas D RDB and Microsoft SQL Server Exchange and Windows N T 2000 registry IP The IP Internet Protocol is the underlying protocol for routing packets on the Internet and other TCP IP based networks IP is an internetwork protocol that provides a commu
38. business objectives they serve 33 Hitachi Data Systems Figure 24 Hitachi Data Systems offers a broad range of remote copy data duplication and data migration software solutions The Lightning 9900 Series delivers unsurpassed uptime and performance 34 The Hitachi Freedom Storage software solutions for Lightning 9900 Series systems support an enterprise s strategic goal of accessing any information on any computer located anywhere at any time T he many advanced functions available on Lightning 9900 Series hardware are initiated managed and controlled through these powerful software programs Table 1 summarizes how Hitachi software solutions can be mapped to the business benefits mentioned above The Hitachi Freedom Storage software solutions deliver enterprise wide coverage of on line data copy relocation data access protection and storage resource management Customers have the freedom to choose the precise solution or combination of solutions appropriate for their environment The Hitachi D ata Systems Software Solutions are illustrated in Figure 24 Software Solutions Guide for Enterprise Storage Hitachi Freedom Storage UA C 0 ca ting gt as j wes Oatarce d Waar eo Site 2 Lye we GUPS compatible DATA SYSTEMS Increased IT service levels in availability and performance through Business Continuity Planning BCP software and services In the N ew Econ
39. chi FlashAccess and Hitachi LUN M anager into one complete package Designed for the Lightning 9900 Series these diverse capabilities provide world class functionality H itachi Graph Track provides the ultimate in reliable easy to use hardware performance and availability management software H itachi VLVI M anager enhances Lightning 9900 performance by defining logical volumes in many sizes to fit workloads better and utilize the full capacity of the system H itachi FlashAccess lets users lock Lightning 9900 data into cache in real time for ultra high performance And H itachi LUN M anager lets users define configure and maintain open systems logical units LU N s without hardware vendor intervention Hitachi Resource Manager provides the ultimate in reliable easy to use hardware performance and availability management software 39 Hitachi Data Systems The Hitachi Graph Track GUI is widely recognized as user friendly 40 Hitachi Resource Manager 9000 The following is a summary list of the many ways in which the Hitachi Resource M anager can simplify IT operations improve availability and performance service levels for business critical O LT P and DSS applications and thereby enable the more rapid deployment of new applications by managing data more intelligently Service Level Management Policy M anagement Security M anagement Automation M onitoring Repor
40. ction in TPM In other words the DSS application did NOT affect the 9960 s OLTP application performance as it does on the shared bus controller system Also when the 9960 s OLTP application completes the D SS application s transfer rate is maintained at 220M B sec or over 2 3 million rows per second Again there is no reduction in M B sec or rows per second with the Lightning 9900 Series The Lightning 9900 Series Software Solutions Are the Best in the World Customers and analysts regard the H itachi Freedom Storage Lightning 9900 Series as the most advanced products in the enterprise storage system market T he Software Solutions Guide discusses the advantages of this suite of leading edge software products that enhances the Lightning 9900 Series product lines T his report is available from Hitachi Data Systems in PDF form http www hds com products software solutions guide html Particular emphasis is devoted to the business benefits of this robust suite of software features in the context of three generally accepted categories of benefits that are enabled by enterprise class intelligent storage system software These three business objectives can be classified as follows 1 Increased IT service levels in availability and performance for global and non stop data access 2 Simplified IT operations for centralized storage and data management 3 Accelerated IT deployment of new applications and new systems for business agil
41. ded middleware software utilities that are server based as shown in Figure 22 H itachi Dynamic Link M anager enhances the availability of RAID systems by providing automatic error recovery and path failover from server to RAID connection failures Hitachi Dynamic Link M anager provides load balancing in addition to path failover by redirecting I O activity to the least busy path using complex algorithms Just because a system is RAID protected doesnt mean it is protected against connection bus failures which is why Hitachi D ata Link M anager is required for true non stop operations This product allows systems administrators to take advantage of the multiple paths on a Lightning 9900 by adding redundant connections between application servers and RAID systems Hitachi D ynamic Link M anager therefore provides increased reliability and performance Supported platforms include AI X Sun Solaris Windows NT and Windows 2000 Host Failover H ost failover software supports a cluster of host processors in which one of the hosts automatically takes over the workload of any failed host in the cluster T his take over includes the reassignment of networks and peripherals as well as the restarting of applications H ost clustering can also be used to create fault tolerant work loads and scale processor capability while sharing network and disk resources The Lightning 9900 supports all major open systems clustering
42. duction sites e NanoCopy isa superior scheme for disaster recovery e High availability custom designed disk drives 1 Some competitive products do not have dual cache like the Hitachi Lightning 9900 If there is an unrecoverable error in cache there is no duplicate backup copy With these products there is an increased risk of lost data especially if the loss occurs in the hardware status area The Lightning 9900 does not have this problem since all status areas and write data are duplexed Although a minor concern to some given the low probability of occurrence the thought of data loss is never comforting to enterprise executives charged with 7x24 operations Introduction Other Information Sources Available from Hitachi Data Systems Additional information on the enterprise storage market including an in depth overview of the technically advanced and unsurpassed software solutions available from H itachi is available in the companion publication the Hitachi Software Solutions Guide This document is downloadable in PDF format from www hds com T he report contains expert guidelines regarding H itachi industry leading software solutions for data copy data migration and data duplication It also compares the H itachi solutions to the major competitive software solutions from EMC and IBM and drills down into specifics Since storage today is more than just hardware and software additional information will be available in a t
43. e based MP M icro Processor MPA M icro Processor Adapter MPLF The Lightning 9900 supports the M ultiple Path Locking Facility M PLF for the IBM highest performance transaction processing operating system T PF In either native TPF mode or under VM M PLF provides extremely high performance record level locking so that multiple hosts can read and write to the same file without interfering with each other See also T PF Glossary MTBF Mean Time Between Failure A commonly used measure of system reliability usually expressed in hours M odern disk drives typically have an M TTR of 1 million hours or more MTTR M ean TimeTo Repair Includes the time taken to diagnose the failure replace or repair faulty component s and restart the system so it is available to users See M T BF NanoCopy NanoC opy is a feature of the H itachi Lightning 9900 product line that enables time consistent snapshots to be taken without stopping applications to flush in flight data to disk Since there is no system impact in taking a NanoCopy snapshot snapshots can be made more frequently for faster recovery in the event of a failure See also Hitachi TrueC opy Shadow mage NDMP Network D ata M anagement Protocol N DM P is a standard protocol for network based backup of network attached storage N D M P hides the unique hardware interfaces from third party backup software that allows this software to execute on an
44. ed access to cache from all channel gt _ 8 Paths per PCB adapters 2 CSW PCB per Cluster 4 Paths per PCB 2 Paths per PCB Switched Point to Point Connections through the Cache Switch C HSN 16 bit x 100MHz x 16 Paths 3 2GB Total C HSN 200MB per Path x 2 Paths 400MB s per PCB 32 Paths x 200MB s 6 4 GB sec to the C HSN 15 Hitachi Data Systems The CSW is at the heart of the Lightning 9900 Series Figure 13 The COW and CARBs provide non blocking channel access to all cache 16 The Cache Switch Provides Non blocking Switched Access to Cache At the heart of the C H SN is the Cache Switch CSW Together these four switches in the 9960 form the internal start using parallel switch fabric bus PSFB of the C H SN The CSW isa specially designed crossbar switch that functions as a combination MUX path arbitrator and non blocking network switch The CSW functions asaMUX by supporting eight paths into the processor side of each switch and four paths to the cache modules 8 to 4 routing All total there are 32 paths at the processor side of the fabric network and 16 paths to the cache modules from the cache side of the fabric network As shown in Figure 13 Cache M emory Arbitrator CARB allows the CSW to act as an arbitrator handling the access and addressing to and from the cache modules The CSW also manages the non blocking paths between the processors to and from the cache
45. ed trademark of M cD ATA Corporation M icrosoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of M icrosoft Corporation NCR isa registered trademark of NCR Corporation NetWare is a trademark of Novell Inc OPTera is a trademark of Nortel N etworks Limited Oracle is a registered trademark of O racle Corporation QLogic is a trademark of Q Logic Corporation Red Hat is a registered trademark of Red H at Inc Seagate is a registered trademark of Seagate Technology Inc SGI is a trademark and IRIX is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics Inc StorageTek is a trademark of Storage Technology Corporation Sybase is a registered trademark of Sybase Inc UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries licensed exclusively through X O pen Company Limited VERITAS is a registered trademark and C lusterServer is a trademark of VERITAS Software Corporation Xerox is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation Notice T his document is for informational purposes only and does not set forth any warranty express or implied concerning any equipment or service offered or to be offered by Hitachi D ata Systems T his document describes some capabilities that are conditioned on a maintenance contract with H itachi D ata Systems being in effect and that may be configuration dependent and features that may not be currently available Contact your local H itachi D ata Systems sales office for information on
46. els provided by IT to the enterprise In computer science availability refers to the degree to which a system or resource is capable of performing its normal function Availability is measured in terms of M ean Time Between Failure M T BF divided by MTBF plus the M ean Time to Repair MTTR e AVAILABILITY MTBF MTBFHMTTR For example a server which fails on average once every 5 000 hours and takes an Availability refers to the average of two hoursto diagnose replace faulty components and reboot would have an degree to which a system availability rating of 5 000 5 000 2 99 96 This would correspond to a Level 3 or resource is capable of rating using the Scale of 9s performing its normal function Software products contribute to High Availability Computing M any factors can cause unplanned downtime T he H itachi Freedom Storage Lightning 9900 has been designed to eliminate as many of these factors as possible in both hardware redundancy on line replaceable components and software data copy functions to allow copies of data at other locations either locally or remotely so that processing can continue in the event of an outage Backup and restore procedures and products also contribute dramatically to computer system availability by reducing the time to restore operations in the event of an outage H itachi has teamed with industry leading storage management software providers Customers and analysts such as Tantian Technolo
47. eneck free performance applications can be deployed faster resulting in the faster delivery of products to market and better targeted sales campaigns See also Shadowl mage Hitachi LUN Manager Hitachi LUN M anager is a software utility in the Resource M anager 9000 suite that allows for complete systems management of LU N s See also LUN and Resource M anager 9000 Hitachi Multiplatform Backup Restore H itachi M ultiplatform Backup Restore is a channel based backup restore of O pen Systems volumes using standard mainframe utilities which leverage current investment in hardware software skills and procedures H itachi M ultiplatform Backup R estore provides high performance high bandwidth capabilities O ne copy of software resides on each controller Hitachi RapidXchange Hitachi RapidX change provides for the file conversion and exchange of data between S 390 and open systems hosts H itachi M ultiplatform D ata Exchange provides file access library software for open systems hosts and runs on the following host servers HP UX AIX Sun Solaris Compaq Tru64 UNIX Sequent DYNIX ptx SGI IRIX NCR UNIX SVR4 Windows N T and Windows 2000 Hitachi Multiplatform Resource Sharing H itachi M ultiplatform Resource Sharing is built right into the Lightning 9900 With H itachi M ultiplatform Resource Sharing Lightning 9900 users can share resources between UNIX or Windows N T 2000 based servers a
48. er T his feature is different from data duplication in that at the end of the process there is only one copy of data Disaster Recovery Disaster Recovery is the profession that plans to avoid disasters and to restore services after a disaster The level of preparedness to respond to an interruption in services by implementing a disaster recovery plan to restore an organization s critical business functions Downtime A planned or unplanned interruption in system availability Planned downtime is usually for scheduled system maintenance and unplanned downtime usually includes business interruptions or disasters See also Business Interruptions Disaster Recovery Business Continuity Planning BCP and Availability DR Disaster Recovery DRR Data Recovery and Regeneration DSS Decision Support Systems is a term that refers to computer systems used in the areas of business intelligence such as data warehousing data mining OLAP and others DTA D ata Adapter ECC Error correction code 55 Hitachi Data Systems EBCDIC Abbreviation of Extended Binary C oded D ecimal Interchange C ode Pronounced eb sih dik EBCDIC is an IBM code for representing characters as numbers Although it is widely used on large IBM computers most other computers including PCs and M acintoshes use ASCII codes See also ASCII binary synchronous and asynchronous Electronic vaulting The transfer of data to an offsite storage fac
49. eration RAID 1 also offers the highest performance in the event of a failed disk since it is not necessary to read parity and then data in the event of a disk failure in other RAID configurations The Lightning 9900 Series also offers the capability to intermix RAID levels within a system depending on the level of availability and performance required by the data hosted on the Lightning 9900 Series system For example a single Lightning 9900 Series system can configure both RAID 1 and RAID 5 29 Hitachi Data Systems 30 Performance C onsiderations Truly Scalable Performance Based on the internal switched fabric H i Star architecture the Lightning 9960 shows unmatched performance scalability The more capacity and connectivity added to the 9960 the more total bandwidth increases As stated previously the 6 4G B sec internal bandwidth is reached when all 16 modules are installed and functioning W hen new application workloads are added to a 9960 system with an existing workload neither the new nor the existing workloads will suffer performance degradations from the sharing of internal resources and bandwidth T he following series of tests proves this point By measuring the effects of one workload on another by only sharing the controller we can illustrate this phenomenon The Advantages of the Lightning 9900 Series Hi Star Architecture Over a Shared Bus Architecture A test was conducted that clearly demon
50. ervers are powerful computers or processors dedicated to managing disk drives file servers printers print servers or network traffic network servers Clients are PCs or workstations on which users run applications Clients rely on servers for resources such as files devices and even processing power CMA Control M emory Adapter CM HSN Control M emory Hierarchical Star N etwork Cold site An alternate facility that is void of any resources or equipment except air conditioning and raised flooring Equipment and resources must be installed in such a facility to duplicate the critical business functions of an organization Cold sites have many variations depending on their communication facilities UPS systems or mobility See also Shell site Recovery site Alternative site 53 Hitachi Data Systems 54 Consistency Groups A software copy technique of suspending multiple volumes at the same time Control Frame The Disk Controller or control frame is the center cabinet of the Lightning 9900 Series system housing the channel switch cache power supplies batteries and host interface cards CORA Cost of Risk Analysis CORA isa unique software based risk management system developed initially for the insurance industry by International Security Technology IST Inc of N ew York City In an alliance with IST Hitachi D ata Systems is offering CORA applied to the BCP Business Continuity Planning industry
51. etwork SAN solutions to optimize management and control data across the enterprise T he modular services include e TheSAN Enterprise Infrastructure Assessment EIA Service e TheSAN Strategic and Tactical Design Service e TheSAN Installation Service H itachi D ata Systems has a highly experienced team of SAN specialists to aid enterprises in implementing SAN s Hitachi Data Systems Interoperability Laboratory Service The Interoperability Laboratory Service provides clients with the knowledge of pre tested components of a SAN in various network topologies Customers however will not be limited to the use of these proven interoperable SAN elements To assure that a wide variety of components will operate effectively in Hitachi D ata Systems SAN solutions H itachi D ata Systems has established a new multi million dollar Interoperability Laboratory at its Santa Clara headquarters to test new SAN elements Among the Interoperability Laboratory s earliest projects was the replication and operation of the SAN developed for a major banking customer and a major telecommunications customer company T he experience and methodology gained by the lab s many such customer experiences enables H itachi D ata Systems to quickly tailor effective SAN designs to meet wide ranging customer requirements in a variety of business environments Enterprise storage and availability management services H itachi D ata Systems offers a variety of consult
52. f mainframes to open systems data exchange RapidX change supports both open to S 390 and open to open high speed data transfers Read ahead for High performance Sequential Reads Read clustering in the Lightning 9900 Series is enabled using built in heuristics to read ahead for every 1 0 T he heuristics are applied to determine if the data is being accessed sequentially If so then the Lightning 9900 Series reads ahead pages corresponding to that data R ead ahead helps to ensure that when a client read request is received the requested data will already be stored in the data cache so the request can be satisfied immediately Control Memory Hierarchical Star Network The second component of the H i Star Architecture is the Control M emory Hierarchical Star Network CM H SN This is a point to point network that handles the exchange of control information between the processors and control memory T he control memory contains information about the status location and configuration of the cache the data in the cache and the configuration of the Lightning 9900 Series system as well as other information related to the operational state of the system Two control memory areas are mirrored images of each other T his is illustrated in Figure 16 Control data is data about data also called meta data Essentially control information is handled out of band from the data paths both through a separate memory area
53. ffect that a specific disaster may have upon them Business Interruption Any event whether anticipated i e public service strike or unanticipated i e blackout that disrupts the normal course of business operations at a corporate location CA Cache Adapter The CA resides on the cache boards and connects to the C ache Switch CSW 52 Glossary CARB Cache memory Arbitrator circuit Hitachi designed logical circuit in the C ache Switch CSW used to arbitrate access to cache Cache Cache pronounced cash can be either on chip memory circuits in a microprocessor e g L2 processor cache a reserved section of main memory e g system or server cache or an independent high speed disk storage device e g a Web cache Two types of caching are commonly used in personal computers memory caching and disk caching Disk caching can dramatically improve the performance of applications because accessing a byte of datain RAM can be thousands of times faster than accessing a byte on a hard disk When data is found in the cache it is called a cache hit and the effectiveness of a cache is judged by its hit rate CHIP Client H ost Interface Processor C HSN Cache Hierarchical Star N etwork CHT Channe adapter Tachyon For Fibre Channel interfaces Client Server Architecture Client Server Architecture is a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server S
54. gies and VERITAS Software of M ountain View California to alike regard Hitachi provide world class high availability solutions T hese solutions contribute to the fact that customers and analysts alike regard H itachi Freedom Storage systems as having the highest availability in the industry Freedom Storage systems as having the highest availability in the The Lightning 9900 has an Advanced Availability Profile compared to industry Competitive Products The Lightning 9900 was designed with maximum emphasis on high availability computing for today s most critical enterprises Figure 21 highlights some of the many advantages in high availability design that the Lightning 9900 has over other enterprise storage products e Active dual ported disk drives instead of single port drives or active passive dual ported drives e Redundant active components throughout the system combined with automatic fail over architecture 25 Hitachi Data Systems Hitachi is the only major supplier of enterprise class storage systems with a 100 availability guarantee Figure 21 The Lightning 9900 offers a far more complete range of availability protection than competitive products The recovery process without high availability middleware involves time consuming and error prone manual operations 26 e Dual data paths and dual control paths connecting every component e Mirrored cache for all write data instead of s
55. gration and post migration support Hitachi CruiseControl CruiseC ontrol automatically monitors analyzes and moves logical volumes to eliminate hot spots within a Lightning 9900 storage system and provides load balancing to maintain predetermined performance levels Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager H itachi Dynamic Link M anager is a family of software utilities that is server based and enhances RAID systems by providing automatic failover and load balancing from server to RAID channe connection failures T his product allows systems administrators to take advantage of the multiple paths on a Lightning 9900 by adding redundant SC SI connections between data servers and RAID systems Hitachi D ynamic Link M anager therefore provides increased reliability and performance Supported platforms include AIX Sun Solaris and Windows NT 2000 Hitachi FlashAccess FlashAccess is a Hitachi feature that allows specified usually high access data sets to be pegged or permanently placed in cache memory so they are not managed by the data movement algorithms of the Freedom Storage system T he H itachi Flash Access feature in the Lightning 9900 can be used for either S 390 or open systems H itachi Flash Access is a software utility in the Freedom 9000 Resource M anager suite that allows the creating deletion and monitoring of data managed by the H itachi Flash Access software See also Freedom 9000
56. hird report titled the Hitachi Enterprise Solutions Guide This report contains information and on the world class services and solutions available from H itachi D ata Systems and how these solutions can be combined with Hitachi and other vendor hardware and software for state of the art simplified storage management for the enterprise If further information is required H itachi D ata Systems representatives can provide specialized presentations reports and expert knowledge on the topics contained in this series of reports Hitachi Data Systems T he Lightning 9900 Series Packaging Model 9960 Packaging The Lightning 9960 is available in a two to seven cabinet configuration as shown on the cover of this guide depending on connectivity and capacity needs A Control Frame serves as the control center of each system and manages up to six Array Frames that are connected via high speed Fibre Channel links A fully configured system is contained in seven cabinets 70 5 inches high 171 3 inches wide and 31 5 inches deep Model 9960 Control Frame The Control Frame of the 9960 contains the Service Processor Client H ost Interface Processor modules CH IPs with Fibre Channel adapters ESCO N adapters and or FICON adapters Cache modules Cache Switch M odules CSW s Array Control Processor modules AC Ps power supplies and battery modules An illustration of the Control Frame is shown in Figure 4 Figure 4 A 9960 Con
57. iate marketing agreements Both H itachi and their software alliance partners believe this open architecture will best benefit customers by allowing them to manage their H itachi storage through the enterprise s vendor of choice 38 Centralized and Open Systems Management Software Simplifies IT Operations The components of HiCommand HiCommand consists of three components 1 The HiCommand Server resides on any Windows NT 2000 or Sun Solaris server and connects to the Lightning 9900 Series system s over a private LAN A single H iCommand server can manage multiple Lightning 9900 Series storage systems providing acommon point of control that delivers e Out of band storage area networks SAN s networked attached storage N AS or direct attached storage DAS connections enable data to run between the server and storage at lightning speeds e Seamless integration between H iCommand and software solutions from industry leaders such as VERITAS Software Sun M icrosystems BM C Software IBM Tivoli and Computer Associates through use of XM L based APIs e Remote and local access control offers a centralized approach to managing storage from any location 2 A GUI browser based interface that is easy to learn and allows for simple and efficient storage administration A browser from anywhere can control the HiCommand server In addition HiCommand also supplies an optional CLI Comm
58. ility via a communication link rather than via portable media Typically electronic vaulting is used for batch or journaled updates to critical files to supplement full backups that are taken periodically ESA 390 Enterprise Systems Architecture 390 O ften abbreviated S 390 ESA 390 is an IBM architecture for mainframe computers and peripherals Processor systems that follow this architecture include the IBM ES 9000 family In 2000 IBM changed the server series name to eServer ZSeries ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection architecture is an IBM mainframe ESA 390 computer peripheral interface or connection between two mainframes for data exchange Thel O interface utilizes ESA 390 logical protocols over a serial interface that configures attached units to a communication fabric ESCO N is based on networking technology ESCO N provides direct channel to channel connections between mainframe systems over fiber optic links at distances up to 43 kilometers or 25 miles ESCON also provides a way for communication controllers and other devices to share a single channe to a mainframe ESCON Director An 1 0 interface switch that allows the interconnection of multiple ESCO N interfaces in a distributed star topology Ethernet A Local Area Network LAN protocol developed by Xerox in cooperation with Digital Equipment and Intel in 1976 Ethernet supports a star or bus topology and supports a data transfer
59. ilure fan speed power voltages and temperature to ensure trouble free operation T his network not only provides for efficient predictive maintenance replacing a component before it fails but also for the failure alert system to expedite system repair after a component has failed T his information is passed to the Control Frame where it can be viewed either locally by the Service Processor SVP or remotely by the H itachi Resource M anager 9000 across a private LAN on aUNIX or Windows NT console Users can view failure information via SN M P or S 390 SIM s System status and alerts are also sent to H itachi D ata Systems Customer Support C enters via the H i Track call home software facility Front end Design of the H itachi Lightning 9900 Series CHIPs Support Fibre Channel Host and ESCON or FICON Host Connectivity and Scalability The Lightning 9900 Series supports both Fibre Channel for open systems and ESCON or FICON for S 390 compatible platforms as shown in Figure 8 Figure 8 Fibre Channel and ESCON or FICON adapter boards connect to open systems and di mainframe computers tea te n 1 System x Sonn 00 Servers ESCON ct FICO Oniy ina Lighting 9000 front ond connections ava shown here I1 Hitachi Data Systems Figure 9 A Fibre Channel host adapter board and its major hardware components 12 About the Fibre Channel Interface Boards Each Fibre Channel I
60. ing services and software utilities to help extend the life of an enterprise s storage investment and define ways to achieve greater information functionality throughout the enterprise T hese storage services cover storage management availability disk utilization performance and tuning data center cabling and configuration and design installation of fiber optic components H itachi D ata Systems services help the enterprise take full advantage of the enterprises IT resources and enhance the continuous availability and integrity of the enterprise s mission critical applications In addition H itachi D ata Systems Professional Services consultants can work with the enterprise s business continuity planners to exploit the capabilities of the Lightning 9900 Software Portfolio Review and Analysis Service H itachi D ata Systems Software Portfolio Review and Analysis Service uses a software utility to help an enterprise organize its software portfolio O nce this is accomplished the Software Portfolio Review and Analysis Service helps clients develop a management philosophy and improve flexibility in negotiating with vendors M anaging a software portfolio as a business asset involves many important steps and raises critical questions about market and strategy Together with H itachi D ata Systems best of breed partners this methodology is based on the key disciplines of software asset management practices This proven methodology focuse
61. ingle image cache e GDPS support e Hitachi TrueCopy combined with Shadowl mage for disaster recovery e Hitachi NanoCopy to provide Point in T ime copies without requiring quiescence of databases or applications e High availability custom designed disk drives e Phone home capability to notify the Hitachi support center quickly of any incident that may affect availability htning 9900 Competitive a Products Sr Serao Somo do net have Gata intogrity prode at dares fichencios fo Me Lightning 9900 Some are not Separate Sore are ren Murorea Mirrored RAID 15 Some ara RAID t onty os are rreh manor arves Hotawap Hotsw Most are Hotewag CAO Thos av Peer Open Systems High Availability Middleware Support O pen systems server vendors and third party software vendors such as VERITAS software have developed a class of software known as high availability middleware to help reduce downtime by automatically detecting faults and recovering data services on a redundant set of hardware W ithout high availability middleware time is lost while a fault goes undetected O nce the fault is detected a diagnose repair replace action must take place before data service recovery can begin H igh availability middleware can begin an automated recovery process immediately on the redundant hardware The recovery process without high availability middleware involves time consuming and error prone ma
62. irs Up amp 32 drives per 2 bope New Fibre Channel Disk Drives The back end performance of the Lightning 9900 Series is enhanced with the introduction of a new dual ported dual active Fibre C hannel disk drive technology T hese disk drives are specially designed and built by H itachi Ltd for the Lightning 9900 Series The disks are in a 3 inch form factor with capacities available in 18GB and 73GB spinning at 10 025RPM These are all high density disks H DD s spinning at high RPMs The transfer rates with these new disks are approaching 60M B sec Higher sectors per physical track means less head movement and more data transferred per rotation even when compared to the 7700E 15GB disks which spin at 12 030RPM Figure 17 Functional diagram of a Lightning 9900 Series ACP pair The Lightning 9900 Series uses custom Hitachi high availability disk drives 21 Hitachi Data Systems Figure 18 Functional diagram of an Array Group with FC AL disks Figure 19 Diagram of four ACP pairs and 32 FC AL back end disks for the Lightning 9960 Command Tag Queuing greatly improves performance 22 T hese new dual ported dual active Fibre Channel disk drives combined with the technology built into the ACP pair allow the back end of the Lightning 9900 Series to use all eight FC AL pathsin an ACP pair for both performance and fault tolerance H owever no one disk or array group can use both paths
63. ity Business Benefit A A Increased IT Accelerated Hitachi Freedom Storage service levels Simplified IT deployment of Software Solutions for the in availability operations new applications Lightning 9900 Series and performance and new systems Reynchvonous Remote copy SW EMP GOPS Compatible Remote Cony v J Somare Asynehronaus Remoteco v J Non disruptive PiT Point in Time Copy 8 390 Y Hitachi NanoCopy Non disruptive data replication Open Shadowlmage W Non disruptive data replication S 390 Shadowlmage Data Migration Service to the Lightning 9900 S 390 Automatic Path Failover Dynamic Link Manager Host Failover and Parallel Database Clustering Open backup to mainframe tape using standard backup software HARBOR Backup and HYPERtape Restore of single files only S 390 VERITAS support volume and file management utilities Systems Management Resource Manager 9000 S 390 to Open file conversion RapidXchange Open to Open file conversion RapidXchange Open and S 390 channel file transfer RapidXchange LUN Security Hitachi SANtinel Automatic performance tuning Hitachi CruiseControl ff a i a ve vw i voo o S vo de vo w y vw dC vw A viv i ca ca Hitachi Freedom Storage software solutions are the most advanced available Table 4 Summary of Hitachi Freedom Storage software products and the
64. izing the impact on mission critical applications H itachi D ata M igration Service features a four phase approach that includes assessment planning migration and post migration support T he strength of this service lies in two key areas 1 Hitachi Data Systems professional services methodology procedure and skills 2 The outstanding reliability of Hitachi Freedom Storage products H itachi D ata M igration Service can provide an unprecedented level of data protection and integrity T his is accomplished through a complete solution that moves terabytes of data quickly and efficiently In S 390 environments terabytes of data can be migrated to Hitachi Freedom Storage systems from other vendor systems in a matter of hours while applications are on line and processing remains completely uninterrupted Hitachi D ata M igration Service provides the utmost in availability allowing users to access data continuously throughout the migration process Its superior capabilities reduce migration times dramatically saving considerable expense SAN services Controlling explosive data growth and the subsequent increases in storage costs is a daunting task Storage Area N etworks SAN s can help an enterprise achieve increased scalability availability and reliability A SAN is a network of storage systems and servers that enables data to be pooled within an enterprise SAN s enable higher scalability increased addressing centralized man
65. ks TCP uses IP to deliver information across a network and makes up for the deficiency of IP providing a guarantee of reliable delivery services that IP does not TCP messages and data are encapsulated into IP datagrams and IP delivers them across the network VERITAS A Mountain View California software company that develops and supports volume and file management software products for a variety of Unix and Windows platforms Virtual Logical Volume Image Manager Virtual Logical Volume Image M anager VLV1 is a software utility in the Resource M anager 7000 9000 that allows for configuration of RAID configurations create delete verify rebuild tune and abort operations See also RAID and the Freedom 9000 Resource M anager 7000 9000 Volume An ESA 390 term for the information recorded on a single disk unit or recording medium Indirectly a volume can refer to the unit of recording medium itself On a non removable medium storage device such as a disk drive the terms may also refer indirectly to the storage device that is associated with the volume W hen a user stores multiple volumes on a single storage medium transparent to the program the volumes are referred to as logical volumes 69 Hitachi Data Systems 70 WAN Wide Area N etworks or WAN s are networks of computers that are geographically dispersed and connected by radio waves telephone lines satellites or high speed fibre optic backbones Warm
66. l Frame and Array Frame where the power is converted to the required voltages Different AC power cord options allow all Lightning 9900 Series models to connect with the different electrical outlet configurations used around the world Figure 6 A power supply module of a Lightning 9900 Series system Model 9910 Packaging Although the 9960 has the ability to be upgraded from one to six array frames the Lightning 9910 is a fixed configuration single cabinet storage system T he 9910 is targeted for IT environments where floorspace is a premium and data growth is limited yet where premium storage functionality is required The 9910 looks very much like the Control Frame of a Lightning 9960 T he back end contains four HDD arrays housing up to 48 disks in a 70 5 inch high 27 6 inch wide and 31 5 inch deep footprint T his is shown in Figure 7 Hitachi Data Systems Figure 7 A 9910 single cabinet storage subsystem The Lightning 9900 Series systems have both a predictive maintenance and a failure alert system 10 Battery Modules Service Processor Power Supply Modules Modules Switch Modules The System Monitoring Network of the Lightning 9900 Series The Lightning 9900 Series systems are designed with a system monitoring network The system monitoring cables are connected to all cabinets in the Lightning 9900 Series systems and report a variety of system parameters such as component fa
67. lume The storage medium associated with a logical disk drive A logical volume typically resides on one or more storage devices A host system sees a logical volume as a physical volume although it does not correlate directly with a physical disk drive LUN Logical Unit or Logical Unit Numbers A SCSI term for the field in an identifying message that is used to select a logical unit on a given target LPAR Logical partition isan IBM ESA 390 term for a set of functions that create the programming environment that is defined by the ESA 390 architecture ESA 390 architecture uses this term when more than one LPAR is established on an ESA 390 server An LPAR is conceptually similar to a virtual machine environment except that the LPAR is tied to one or more physical processors in a tightly coupled multiprocessor system Also the LPAR does not depend on an operating system to create the virtual machine environment LUSE LUN Size Expansion feature T his Lightning 9900 feature allows standard size LUNs to be combined to create larger LU N s LRU Least Recently Used A policy for a caching algorithm that chooses to remove the data from cache which has the longest elapsed time since its last access Least Recently U sed algorithms are used in all major caching systems T he Lightning 9900 Series LRU scheme keeps a table in separate non volatile memory that chronicles the frequency of use of data in cache memory MAN M etro
68. mous capacity for throughput lies the Hi Star architecture T his network of interconnecting high speed links to system components provides an unequaled internal aggregate bandwidth of 6 4G B sec gigabytes sec in the 9960 T his bandwidth is divided equally into 3 2G B sec for data transfer and 3 2G B sec for separate internal control information transfer The main components that make up the Lightning 9900 Series are the Array Control Processor modules AC Ps H ost Adapter modules called Client H ost Interface Processors CHIPS These elements enable the unsurpassed bandwidth of the Hi Star network by bringing their own network paths and bandwidth to the Cache H ierarchical Star N etwork C H SN and the Control M emory Hierarchical Star N etwork CM H SN This means that the full 6 4G B sec internal bandwidth is available with a fully configured 9960 with all four ACP pairs eight modules total and all four CHIP pairs eight modules total T his is a truly high performance and cost effective configuration With any Lightning 9900 Series configuration growing or scaling can be easily completed by adding more CHIP pairs for connectivity or ACP pairs for more capacity or performance T he internal bandwidth increases every time components are added T he bandwidths stated are the rated bandwidths for the paths the effective rates will vary based on application workload and bandwidth consumption Hitachi Data Systems Bus conten
69. mputer executes The OS is also responsible for security ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system O perating systems can be classified as follows 1 2 WW SS ee iS ul M ulti user allows two or more users to run programs at the same time Multi processing supports running a program on more than one CPU Multi tasking allows more than one program to run concurrently Multi threading allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently Real Time Usually a stripped down OS that responds to input instantly Out of band A communication that does not use the same bandwidth that carries data in a system For example the control information in the Lightning 9900 Series systems do not use the same path as data and is therefore referred to as out of band Parity A data checking scheme used in a computer system to ensure the integrity of the data The RAID implementation uses parity to recreate data if a disk drive fails PiT A Point in Time PIT copy is a copy of data that is taken at a specific point in time PiT copies are used in many ways including backups and checkpoints POD Performance On D emand Port Port ID See Fibre Channd 66 RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAID is used to increase the reliability of disk arrays by providing redundancy either through complete duplication of the data RAID 1 i e mirroring or through construction of parity
70. n that uses two software products H itachi CruiseC ontrol and Hitachi FlashAccess software for mainframes and open systems T his allows customers to manage the cost of storage as data is consolidated onto fewer better managed systems Storage administrators can fill it up and max it out confident that they can meet performance requirements all the way to 88 T B raw capacity on a Lightning 9900 using 180 GB drives H itachi CruiseC ontrol then takes over and eliminates hot spots thereby automating performance to service level objectives while H itachi FlashAccess locks data into cache guaranteeing data access at memory not disk speed With the massive consolidation made possible by Lightning 9900 Series capabilities customers will be able to lower not only the original purchase costs but also get additional savings from lower storage management costs lower software and maintenance costs and reduced real estate and environmental costs T his is often the major payback for Lightning 9900 Series products Reduced per megabyte administration costs by itself can provide a substantial return on investment Hitachi SANtinel The Hitachi SAN tinel controls host access to Lightning 9900 Series LUN sin open systems and LVIsin S 390 systems for SAN environments T his enables users to restrict server access to LUN sin pre defined zones in order to protect data from unauthorized access Transaction Proce
71. nd S 390 mainframe platforms Sharing resources across heterogeneous platforms lowers total cost of ownership provides a centralized point for data management and simplifies the management of heterogeneous systems Hitachi Rapid Recovery The Hitachi Rapid Recovery solution for S 390 attached storage combines H itachi N anoCopy Hitachi TrueC opy S 390 Asynchronous and H itachi Shadowl mage This facility enables data to be copied from one set of S 390 attached systems to another with complete transaction integrity and without disrupting user applications in any way O pen systems platform data can be consolidated on the Lightning 9900 with NanoCopy capability to recover their critical data very quickly following an outage Hitachi Resource Manager 9000 The Hitachi 7000 9000 Resource M anager is a comprehensive suite of management software that brings together H itachi Graph Track Hitachi Virtual Logical Volume Image VLVI M anager Hitachi FlashAccess M anager and Hitachi LUN M anager into one complete package Hitachi SANtinel The Hitachi SAN tinel software controls host access to H itachi Freedom Storage 7000E or Lightning 9900 LUN sin open systems or SAN environments Hitachi ShadowImage The Hitachi Shadow mage is a firmware based software copy utility that uses command line interfaces to create up to ten copies of a volume within one Lightning 9900 system or up
72. nication standard that works across different types of linked networks for example Ethernet FD DI or ATM Java Developed by Sun M icrosystems Java is now a standard software language for developing plug in applications Journaling A journaling file system keeps track of all changes to files as transactions occur in real time In the event of unexpected system problems the file system can be restored to a consistent state by updating a prior copy of the file system for the changes made from the point in time that the copy was made LAN Local area networks or LAN s are networks of computers that are geographically close together this usually means on the same campus M ost LAN s are confined to a single building or group of buildings However one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines high speed fibre optic backbones and radio waves A system of LAN s connected in this way is called a wide area network WAN Glossary Lightning 9900 Series The Lightning 9900 Series was announced in June 2000 Lightning 9960 and November Lightning 9910 It represents a major advance in enterprise class storage systems with its Hierarchical Star N etwork switched internal architecture which provides for many times more simultaneous transfers to and from the host compared to shared bus architectures Logical Unit The SCSI term for a logical disk drive Logical Unit Number See LUN Logical Vo
73. nterface Board as shown in Figure 9 has four Interface Processors for management of connectivity to the host 2 The Lightning 9900 Series uses the Reduced Instruction Set RISC Intel i960 80MHz processor that is especially designed for I O operations Front end Design of the Hitachi Lightning 9900 Series There are four ports for each interface board or a total of 32 host interfaces for a fully configured systen An ESCON interface board is shown in Figure 10 A FICON interface board has a similar appearance Figure 10 An ESCON host adapter board and its major hardware components A Lightning 9900 Series system can connect to mainframes and open systems hosts thereby consolidating the storage for an enterprise under one roof for consistent performance availability and ease of management T his is shown in Figure 12 13 Hitachi Data Systems Figure 11 A 9960 system connected to Mainframes and Open Systems hosts Table 2 Bandwidth of supported interfaces of the Lightning 9900 Series 14 Windows NT 2000 Bandwidth of Supported Host Interfaces The bandwidth of interfaces supported by the Lightning 9900 Series is shown in Table 2 Supported Interface Bandwidth Fibre Channel Adapters 100MB sec or 200MB sec ESCON Adapters 17 5MB sec FICON Adapters 100MB sec Number of Host Interfaces Supported Up to 32 Fibre Channa ESCON or FICON ports are available on the 99
74. nual operations which may include resetting the SC SI bus restarting drivers reassigning IP addresses recovering and restarting applications and transactions and even rebooting 3 Some competitive products do not have dual cache like the Hitachi Lightning 9900 If there is an unrecoverable error in cache there is no duplicate backup copy With these products there is an increased risk of lost data especially if the loss occurs in the hardware status area The Lightning 9900 of course can never have this problem since all status areas and write data are duplexed Hitachi High Availability Software Improves Application Service Levels There are four basic types of high availability middleware that can reduce downtime in the event of a data path or host failure The Lightning 9900 supports each classification of middleware Alternate Pathing middleware switches the I O load in the event of path failure This type of middleware automatically switches the I O load on a failed primary path to an alternate path on the same host system The Lightning 9900 support alternate pathing for AIX 4 2 and above Compaq True64 UNIX HP 10 01 and through PVlink Windows N T 2000 and Sun Solaris 2 5 and Sequent DYNIX ptx In addition VERITAS Dynamic Path M anagement DPM is supported Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager provides path failover and load balancing H itachi D ynamic Link M anager is a family of Hitachi provi
75. omy performance and availability go hand in hand If aWeb site is slow in delivering requested information it might as well be offline O f course if a Web site is down for any length of time the business may not be around for long Building on H itachi D ata Systems reputation for bulletproof reliability the Lightning 9900 Series offer complete redundancy and hot replaceable components delivering maximum uptime The Lightning 9900 Series Software Solutions are the Best in the World To this already robust platform H itachi D ata Systems adds a number of solutions to ensure quick recovery from acts of nature human errors application errors and malicious attacks In the world of e commerce it is no longer enough to have a backup copy of ones data businesses must also plan for rapid recovery from such outages H itachi D ata Systems is the only storage vendor that is providing non disruptive copy solutions that assure fast recovery and full data integrity Remote Copy Data Duplication Data Migration Defined It is important to understand the differences in what has become known as the triumvirate of copy software product categories The jargon of copy software alternatives is made even more confusing when traditional backup methods are considered Advances in technology have allowed new words such as real time point in time PIT and snapshot to creep into the language of enterprise class storage C opy products
76. open architecture that leverages SAN technology and offers organizations the freedom of choice in deploying data access and data sharing capabilities across the enterprise through Hitachi D ata System advanced implementation of Storage Area N etworks SAN s With FDN customers gain a powerful new tool that enables the consolidation of servers and storage increased data availability centralized storage management and the ability to back up and migrate data without affecting the performance of enterprise networks Fibre Channel Fibre Channel is an AN SI standard designed to provide high speed data transfers between workstations servers desktop computers and peripherals Fibre channel makes use of a circuit packet switched topology capable of providing multiple simultaneous point to point connections between devices Fibre Channel is widely deployed in SAN implementations today Standards for Fibre Channel SAN s are being worked on by the Storage and N etworking Industry Association SN IA The technology has gained interest as a channe for the attachment of storage devices but has limited popularity as high speed networks interconnect Fibre channel can be deployed in point to point arbitrated loop FC AL or switched topologies Fibre channel nodes 57 Hitachi Data Systems 58 log in with each other and the switch to exchange operating information on attributes and characteristics T his information includes port names and port ID s
77. politan Area N etworks Networks within a metropolitan area which might for example be used for a city government 63 Hitachi Data Systems 64 MBCP M aster Business Continuity Professional The highest level of professional certification of the Disaster Recovery Institute DRI The master level targets an individual with a minimum of five years of experience as a business continuity disaster recovery planner See also DRI Disaster Recovery Institute CBCP Certified Business C ontinuity Professional and ABCP Associate Business C ontinuity Professional MIB M anagement Information Base is a set of standards for detailed system information that is reported to a control console for SN M P compliance Its intent is to provide common parameters for heterogeneous computer systems MIPS M illions of Instructions Per Second or M IPS is a rough measure of processor performance within the same class of processor Meta data D ata about data as used by the CM H SM and the Control M emory Subsystem of the Lightning 9900 Series Mirrored pair Two disk units or logical units that contain the same data T he operating system soft ware refers to them as one entity and reads from either and writes to both when RAID 1 is enabled Mirroring A term to describe the process of writing data to two disk volumes usually to ensure high availability in case one of the disks fails M irroring can be hardware or softwar
78. r FICON adapter boards connect to open systems and mainframe COMPULErS eee 11 A Fibre Channa host adapter board and its major hardware COMPONENES 12 An ESCON host adaper board and its major hardware components 13 A 9960 system connected to Mainframes and O pen Systems NOS 14 The Cache H ierarchical Star N etwork C H SN provides fully redundant switched access to cache from all channel adapters ii 15 The CSW and CARBs provide non blocking channel access to all cache 16 A shared bus architecture is limited to two simultaneous I O operations 17 The Lightning 9900 Series H i Star architecture allows for 16 parallel I O s to cache through four interconnecting cache SWItChesS iiiiii 17 Separate redundant control memory handles the exchange of control information between processors and cache memory about the status location and configuration of data 19 Functional diagram of a Lightning 9900 Series ACP pair 21 Functional diagram of an Array Group with FC AL diSkS iii 22 Diagram of four ACP pairs and 32 FC AL back end diSkS i 22 The Lightning 9900 Series Systems are available with RAID 1 and RAID 5 arrays 24 The Lightning 9900 offers a far more complete range of availability protection than COMPELILIVE produ tSarain a ORE E NNE RANE 26 Hitachi D ynamic Link M anager automatically provides path failover and load balancing TOM Opay IEMS ia
79. rainn aa a oa a n aaa 28 Tes results show the advantages of the 9960 H iStar architecture when compared to a Shared bus arChitectUre iii eles wie ana aa ea 31 H itachi D ata Systems offers a broad range of remote copy data duplication and data Migration software SOLUTIONS aiiiar iaaiaee aa NE TTi 34 HiCommand allows management of virtually all H itachi hardware and software from the cutomers platform Of CHOICE iii 38 The GUI interface on Hitachi Graph Track simplifies performance management 41 vii Hitachi Data Systems viii Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table5 Comparison of the Lightning 9900 series modals ccssecesscsssssscessssstsssesssesstecesesestesssesers 2 Bandwidth of supported interfaces of the Lightning 9900 Series 14 System Capacities and N umber of disk drives for various configurations s s s 23 Summary of H itachi Freedom Storage software products and the business objectives they SVE ioni dai Gad Mets ads Sen ws 33 Hitachi copy products provide Remote C opy D ata Duplication and D ata M igration 36 Introduction The Only Switched Fabric Storage Architecture in the World The Hitachi Freedom Storage Lightning 9900 Series internal switched fabric storage architecture is considered the most advanced design available in the world for open systems and mainframe data T he patented Hi Star architecture powers the most intelligent highest performance enterprise cl
80. rate of 10 megabits per second or 10 M bps T he Ethernet specification formed the basis of the IEEE 802 3 standard which specifies the physical and lower software layers Ethernet uses the CSM A CD access method for handling simultaneous demands and is one of the most widely implemented LAN standards Ethernet is also known as 10BaseT See also Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Fabric A group or network of switches arranged in such a way as to enhance scalability and connectivity 56 Glossary Failover Host host bus adaptor cable or controller failover is the routing of all transactions to a second controller when the first controller fails Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet or 100BaseT defined by the IEEE 802 3 standards committee provides a 100 M bps standard that is compatible with existing 10BaseT installations preserving the CSM A CD media access control M AC protocol Fast write A write operation at cache speed that does not require immediate transfer of data to a disk drive The system writes the data directly to cache to nonvolatile storage or to both The data is then available for de staging writing to disk Fast write reduces the time an application must wait for the I O operation to complete FC Fibre Channd FCA Fibre Channel Adaptor FC AL Fibre Channa Arbitrated Loop FDN H itachi D ata Systems Storage Area N etwork SAN solution is known as Freedom Data Networks FDN FDN provides an
81. rol M emory Hierarchical Star Network Chapter 5 High Performance Back end Design 21 High Performance Back end Design ii New Fibre C hanne D ISKDTIVE i ira iaia ea Maximum Configuration of ACPS and DISKS ii The Importance of Command Tag Queuing CTQ i Chapter 6 Capacities and RAID Architecture 21 21 22 22 23 Storage C apacity of the Lightning 9900 Series iii Advantages of the Lightning 9900 Series RAID Hardware ii breil RAID 5 Distributed Pari hill iaia RAID Rebuild Capoliveri ei High density Disk Drive Assemblies HD DS Chapter 7 Hitachi High Availability Software Improves Application Service Levels An Overview of High Availability H A Computing SoftWare iii Software products contribute to H igh Availability COMPULING uiiiiii The Lightning 9900 has an Advanced Availability Profile compared to Competitive Products O pen Systems H igh Availability M iddleware Support i 1 Alternate Pathing middleware switches the I O load in the event of path failure oo ee 2 Hitachi D ynamic Link M anager provides path failover and load balancing wc SIF OSE Fall OVE ere ite dati 4 Parallel Database CIUStEEring ieis tiaisiiniis aia a aias aeia ea a aa Standard H ot swap and Redundant Power Supplies ii Standard Redundant Fans for CONG cece eect cece estes i iadraiaiswia raidir niiina sanana Unmatched Competitive Advantage in
82. rprise wide coverage of on line data copy relocation data access protection and storage system resource management Customers have the freedom to choose the precise solution or combination of solutions appropriate for their environment HiCommand allows systems management of Hitachi storage and software through the enterprise s vendor of choice H itachi D ata Systems software and hardware solutions are managed through the powerful H iC ommand management framework This powerful management tool reduces operations expense and increases business agility while enabling operational excellence HiCommand includes a GU based browser open APIs Command Line Interface CLI server and host agents that access H D S software management functionality T he program encompasses storage resource management configuration management and automation automated data replication and recovery performance management and optimization and related functionality M ost importantly H i Command can plug into other management frameworks T his feature provides the utmost in an open architecture and leverages an enterprise s existing investments in software and skills The HiCommand architecture is shown in Figure 25 The many advanced functions available on Hitachi Freedom Storage hardware are initiated managed and controlled through the powerful HiCommand software program 37 Hitachi Data Systems HiCommand GUI Browser Figure
83. s on maximizing the return on investment to acquire the greatest possible value System Configurations for the Performance Experiment Configurations of the HP and Sun Servers and Configurations of the Lightning 9960 Switched Architecture to a Shared bus Architecture like most competitive products for the Performance Experiment In the performance test discussed in Chapter 8 comparing each application resided on its own array groups The only resource shared by the application is the storage controller cache paths etc and two ACP pairs there are four ACP pairs total The comparison is between the H itachi Freedom Storage 7700E representing all shared bus based architectures and the Lightning 9960 system representing a switched fabric architecture The application workloads consist of two very different types of database environments an On line Transaction Processing O LT P system and a Decision Support System D SS The OLTP workload runs on aH P platform consisting of the following configuration for both storage arrays e HP 9000 K460 dual processor 180M H z 768M B RAM 4 Fibre Channel H BAs FC AL topology direct connect to either the Freedom 7700E or the Lightning 9900 Series system e HP UX 11 00 e Oracle Database Server 8 0 4 with 50M B of SGA in order to drive 1 0 s to the storage arrays 2K B database block size e OLTP database with simulated user drivers similar to the TPC C benchmark e
84. schemes including Compaq TruC luster HP MC Service Guard HP MC Lock M anager IBM RS6000 and SP H ACM P Windows N T 2000 M icrosoft Cluster Server NCR UNIX SVR4 Lifekeeper IBM DYNIX ptx ATAP and VERITAS ClusterServer for Sun Solaris Alternate pathing automatically switches the I O load on a failed primary path Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager provides load balancing in addition to path failover One of the hosts automatically takes over the workload of any failed host in the cluster 27 Hitachi Data Systems Figure 22 Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager automatically provides path failover and load balancing for open systems Lightning 9960 4 Parallel Database Clustering Clustering middleware This type of middleware is a special version of host failover middleware which supports distributed lock supports major parallel database servers like O racle Parallel Server Informix management XPS and Sybase M PP Clustering middleware supports distributed lock management a feature that enables parallel database software running on separate cluster nodes to share access to the same database If one host fails the other hosts can take over its work D atabase clusters allow a customer to grow a database incrementally simply by adding additional nodes With non parallel database servers the server has to be replaced or an additional server with another database inst
85. se switches to join segments are called switched LAN s or in the case of Ethernet networks switched Ethernet LANs See also L 4 Switch Glossary Synchronous Synchronous communications occurs when the transmission of data between two devices is synchronized with a clocking scheme or other technique T he sender and receiver need to synchronize with one another before data is sent In synchronous communication the bit stream and the clock pulse are synchronized by a special bit transition pattern in the digital signal creating an exactly timed stream of bits from the sending device to the receiving device An example of such a mechanism is bipolar encoding Synchronous communication is either character or bit oriented Character oriented synchronous transmissions are used to send blocks of characters such as found in ASCII American Standard C ode for Information Interchange files Bit oriented synchronous communication is used primarily for the transmission of binary data See also Asynchronous ASCII Binary and EBCDIC HRC HORC Tach Abbreviation for Tachyon Fibre Channel interface TB A Terabyte T B equals 1000 Gigabytes Some vendors today define a terabyte as 1024 GB causing confusion in the industry TCP Transmission Control Protocol or TCP is a transport layer component of the Internet s TCP IP protocol suite It sits above IP in the protocol stack and provides reliable data delivery services over connection oriented lin
86. several formats quickly and effortlessly for use in other data analysis and reporting programs Hitachi Graph Track gives users a more reliable and centralized way to manage performance Available for S 390 UNIX and Windows N T 2000 environments this unique tool monitors hardware performance and supplies complete system storage Out of Band refers to the path that system management messages travel which is a different path from the data In band messages would compete with data for bandwidth Centralized and Open Systems Management Software Simplifies IT Operations information at the touch of a button The robust GU oriented command screen for Hitachi Graph Track is shown in Figure 26 Running on aPC attached to a dedicated LAN Hitachi Graph Track displays real time or historical data for all connected Lightning 9900 systems helping users identify important peaks in utilization and ongoing trends in processing With Hitachi Graph Track users can analyze discrete storage activities and determine the precise impact of each activity on system operation It scrutinizes activity all the way to the logical device level reporting on channel interface processor usage rates cache usage rate by function and logical device utilization T his data pinpoints specific activities that may have a negative impact on operations and lets the user fine tune the system so that it can be used to maximum advantage Hitachi
87. simultaneously The AC Ps monitor the activity and the utilization of the paths Based on this information the AC Ps determine the best path to use for accessing a disk A functional diagram of an Array Group with FC AL disks is shown in Figure 18 Array Group Locaton Maximum Configuration of ACPs and Disks The maximum configuration of four ACPs and 16 Fibre Channel loops is shown in Figure 19 The Importance of Command Tag Queuing CTQ Another new feature was introduced with the Lightning 9900 Series that was not employed on the 7700E Command Tag Queuing CT Q to the back end drives Command Tag Queuing greatly improves the performance of the Lightning 9900 Series system back end by offloading much of the seek optimization functions to the disk drives themselves to allow for more simultaneous back end I O operations to occur Capacities and RAID Architecture Storage Capacity of the Lightning 9900 Series The Lightning 9900 Series supports an unmatched range of capacities as shown in Table 3 System Capacities and Number of disk drives for various configurations Table 3 System Raw System Raw capacity with Raw capacity with Raw capacity with one 18GB drives 73GB drives 180GB drives CAPACITIES and number of disk drives for various Lightning 9960 a One Array Frame 1 7TBs 96 disks 7 0TB 96 disks 16 6TB 96 disks configurations Lightning 9960 Six Array Frames 9 4TB 512 disks 37 4TB 512 disks 88
88. site An alternate processing site that is only partially equipped as compared to H ot site which is fully equipped See also H ot site and Cold site Workload 1 0 workload refers to the pattern of 1 0 s presented to the Lightning 9900 Series system or to a disk drive XRC Extended Remote Copy IBM s implementation of a software asynchronous Remote Copy technique that preserves data integrity See also H XRC and H itachi TrueC opy Hitachi Data Systems Worldwide Offices www hds com www storage hds com Corporate Headquarters 750 Central Expressway Santa Clara C alifornia 95050 2627 U S A 408 970 1000 info hds com Asia Headquarters 39 09 Tower One Lippo Centre 89 Queensway Hong Kong 2525 2385 infoasia hds com Australia New Zealand Headquarters 11 17 Khartoum Road North Ryde N SW 2113 Australia 02 9325 3300 info hds com au Canada Headquarters 380 Saint Antoine Street W est Suite 7000 Montreal Quebec H 2Y 3X7 Canada 514 982 0707 info hdscanada com Europe Headquarters Sefton Park Stoke Poges Buckinghamshire SL2 4H D United Kingdom 01753 61 8000 info eu hds com Latin America Headquarters 750 Central Expressway M S 3268 Santa Clara California 95050 2627 U S A 408 970 7447 infolatin hds com U S Headquarters 750 Central Expressway Santa Clara California 95050 2627 U S A 408 970 1000 ussalesinfo hds com Hitachi D ata Systems is registered with the U S
89. ssing Facility Multi Path Lock Facility TPF MPLF The Lightning 9900 supports the M ulti Path Lock Facility M PLF for IBM highest performance transaction processing software environment the Transaction Processing Facility TPF TPF is used by many of the world s largest Customer Reservation Systems and by the world s largest financial institutions In either native T PF mode or under VM M PLF provides extremely high performance record level locking which enables high levels of concurrent data access across multiple channel paths RAID 1 RAID 5 3390 3 and 3390 9 LVIs are supported 43 Hitachi Data Systems 44 Professional Services and Support Hitachi Data Systems is consistently ranked Number One in the Industry In numerous independent surveys on IT services organizations H itachi D ata Systems continually wins the highest ratings in terms of overall customer satisfaction Service Responsiveness is the key Hitachi D ata Systems characteristic that allows the world renowned H itachi D ata Systems service and support organization to ensure that H itachi products operate at peak performance to complement all hardware and software in the enterprise Professional Services Overview As new technologies gain acceptance companies must decide on long term plans and implementation schedules that cause the least disruption to business It takes time to implement any large scale technological change T he transi
90. stems communication is an exactly timed stream of bits when the start of a character is located by using a clocking mechanism such as bipolar encoding See also Synchronous H itachi TrueC opy Availability In computer science availability refers to the degree to which a system or resource is capable of performing its normal function Availability is measured in terms of M ean Time Between Failure M T BF divided by MTBF plus the M ean Time to Repair MT TR The availability equation is expressed as follows AVAILABILITY MTBF MTBF MTTR For example a server that fails on average once every 5 000 hours and takes an average of two hours to diagnose replace faulty components and reboot would have an availability rating of 5 000 5 000 2 99 96 This would correspond to a Level 3 rating using the Scale of 9s b Abbreviation for bit where 8 bits compose a byte B Abbreviation for byte or the equivalent of one character in text Back end In reference to storage arrays the back end includes the controllers disk drives and paths to the disk drives On the Lightning 9900 Series these are the ACP pairs the Fibre Channe loops and the Fibre Channa disks Business Continuity Planning BCP An umbrella term covering both disaster recovery planning and business resumption planning See also Disaster Recovery Business Impact Analysis BIA The process of analyzing all business functions and the e
91. strates that the 9960 is not susceptible to performance declines typical of a shared bus architecture T he test compares an O LT P and aD SS workload running on both a Lightning 9960 and a 7700E system We use the 7700E as an example of the shared bus storage system architecture In both cases the same OLTP application workload was run on an H P 9000 K 460 server and the same DSS workload was run on two Sun E 3000 dual processor systems In one case both processors were connected to a 7700E and then to a 9960 system T here were no differences therefore from the application software or the server platform variables T hey were the same for both sets of data T he only difference was the storage system in order to illustrate the advantages of the H i Star switched fabric architecture Experimental results are shown in Figure 23 180 does not degrade 2400 amp MB s Rows Per Seco est complete 4 See Appendix A for configuration details The more capacity and connectivity added to a Lightning 9900 Series system the more total internal bandwidth increases Shared bus architectures are susceptible to performance bottlenecks Figure 23 Test results show the advantages of the 9960 Hi Star architecture when compared to a shared bus architecture 31 Hitachi Data Systems Bottleneck free performance with the Lightning 9900 Series 32 Internal Switching Overcomes the Limitations of
92. t Software supports business objectives oo cscs H itachi Resource M anager 9000 i Service Level M anagement ia Deployment M anagement oo escesccescscsssescscsssscsssessssessseecssesesesscssessesavssesesueceseseseeseveseseeasasesateaseses Compliance M anageMent cccccsssssscssessssscsscssssssecseessssesvsssseeescesesaseecenesssesauessseeeseesesasersesesasereees SN M P support ensures compliance with all major systems management platforms H itachi Graph Track takes the guess work out of performance Management Hitachi LUN M anager simplifies configuration management and reduces staffing COSS H itachi Virtual Logical Volume Image M anager allows very large to very small virtual volume CONFIGUIAtIONia cat aaa H itachi FlashAccess allows data to be locked and unlocked in cache on the fly cscri Hitachi Cruise OMtrol gees cts areale elena Storage MAXUM ZEN esas eteses ete vieess lee ail Hitachi SAN CLG igor ae ie Transaction Processing Facility M ulti Path Lock Facility TPF M PLF c ccssssccssssscssssssessesrsssesens Chapter 11 Professional Services and Support H itachi D ata Systems is consistently ranked Number One in the Industry oo iii Professional Services OVEVIOW sition ia tained na era ait alias Cost of Risk Analysis methodology CORRA Data Protection Servi CES rarius aaea alii Guiting Data Protection Services Labni teins iaia ana Remote C opy Assessmen
93. t and Implementation Service iii Hitachi Data Systems H itachi N anoC opy Implementation SErvice iii Continuous Availability SErVICE siisii annadida niaii On line Data Migration SErvice iii SAIN SERVICES ies nia aaa H itachi D ata Systems Interoperability Laboratory Service Enterprise storage and availability management SEPVICES ii Software Portfolio Review and Analysis Service cccccssscessssescssssscsssssscsssssseseesesasereesesaseseees Appendix A System Configurations for the Performance Experiment Glossary of Terms vi Table of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 The 9960 provides for exploding growth and data consolidation while the 9910 provides for managed growth and open system exploitation iii 2 The Hitachi Lightning 9960 Series Hi Star internal switched fabric architecture 3 System block diagram of the 7700E s shared bus architecture 4 A 9960 Control Frame and its Major COMPONENTS ii 7 A 9960 Array Frame with its Major COMPONENTS 8 A power supply module of a Lightning 9900 Series YEN 9 A 9910 single cabinet storage subsystem LL 10 Fibre Channel and ESCON o
94. tain business continuity in the face of adversity such as disaster 2 to rapidly deploy new IT applications for business intelligence data warehousing O LAP for data center relocation or for new application testing Hitachi Copy Products Data Duplication Remote Copy Hitachi TrueCopy Synchronous CARRI ae W 25 Miles Hitachi TrueCopy Asynchronous W Unlimited edi NanoCopy s I E a Hitachi Shadowlmage 4 pene HARBOR File Transfer HFT Software Asynchronous Remote Copy HXRC 5 25 miles is the current practical distance limitation for direct connection using ESCON fibre This is changing with the advent of new networking devices Synchronous remote copy may also use telephone networks However the performance of the production application must be considered when using synchronous remote copy over long distances Centralized and O pen Systems M anagement Software Simplifies IT O perations A powerful and open systems management philosophy The Hitachi Freedom Storage software solutions support an enterprise s strategic goal of helping customers focus on their business issues instead of on deploying enabling technologies by providing powerful centralized management capability The many advanced functions available on H itachi Freedom Storage hardware are initiated managed and controlled through the powerful H iC ommand management framework The Hitachi Freedom Storage software solutions deliver ente
95. ting Storage M anagement Deployment Management Asset M anagement Change M anagement Capacity Planning Compliance Management o Event M anagement Performance M anagement Quota Planning Accounting M anagement Problem Planning SNMP support ensures compliance with all major systems management platforms H itachi Resource M anager supports Simple N etwork M anagement Protocol SN M P SN MP is the most widely used network management protocol in the marketplace System Information M essages SIM s are converted to SN M P M anagement Information Blocks M IBs for use with H itachi Resource M anager software or the VERITAS Storage Manager Tivoli CA Unicenter TNG HP OpenView With CA Unicenter TNG super M 1Bs allow the control of the Lightning 9900 using CA Unicenter commands This out of band reporting format ensures that H itachi Resource M anager 9000 can determine the status of your Lightning 9900 storage system even if the data channel path is down Hitachi Graph Track takes the guess work out of performance management As the cornerstone of the software utilities of the H itachi Resource M anager 9000 software suite the H itachi Graph Track GUI is widely recognized as user friendly Icons and pull down menus define and display data while point and click capabilities and on line help further enhance its ease of use All Hitachi Graph Track data can be exported in
96. tion is virtually eliminated with the Hi Star Architecture Figure 3 System block diagram of the 7700E s shared bus architecture Hitachi is the only major supplier of enterprise class storage systems with a 100 availability guarantee Comparison to the Shared Bus Architecture of the Hitachi Freedom Storage 7700E Unlike the shared common bus architecture of previous generation storage products such as the 7700E as shown in Figure 3 for reference to a shared bus architecture Hi Star is designed to truly scale in both capacity and performance T his is possible only with the Lightning 9900 Series internally switched architecture which unlike shared bus architectures does not have to contend for limited bus bandwidth Host interfaces Up to 16 Fibre Channel Ports Up to 16G8 Data Bus Contro Bus The Lightning 9900 has an advanced availability profile compared to competitive products The Lightning 9900 was designed with maximum emphasis on high availability computing for today s most critical enterprises Figure 15 highlights some of the many advantages in high availability design that the Lightning 9900 has over competitive products e Active dual ported disk drives instead of single port active drives e Separate storage for control amp configuration tables e Mirrored cache instead of single image cache e Hitachi Data Systems is the leading supplier of storage systems for GD PS pro
97. tion to new network topologies will see the coexistence of distributed and legacy systems and with SCSI and Fibre Channe on SANs SWANs ESCON and FICON Hitachi Freedom Storage provides the comprehensive connectivity management and availability capabilities needed to handle this transition T hese built in product strengths are bolstered by the H itachi D ata Systems professional services and service and support organizations to insure the optimal operation of hardware software and middleware for the enterprise H itachi D ata Systems professional services specialize in infrastructure hardware software and storage management services that provide a vendor independent view of IT architecture This provides sharp focus on ways to streamline operations costs and interoperability Hitachi also excels at helping customers chart both the strategies and timelines necessary to remain productive and competitive Whether an enterprise needs assistance with SAN s Business Continuity Consulting and Implementation D FSM S performance capacity issues migration planning decisions about platforms and architectures or maximization of IT investments Hitachi D ata Systems has the expertise and the resources to guide an enterprise toward the best business solution A few of the many H itachi D ata Systems service offerings are highlighted here Cost of Risk Analysis methodology CORA Asa first step in data movement assessment the CO RA service is
98. tions of H itachi data storage systems and software The D ata Protection Services Lab is dedicated to resolving software and hardware issues that affect storage systen consolidation data center productivity and business continuity Remote Copy Assessment and Implementation Service This service assists the enterprise in implementing a remote copy process for either disaster recovery or for the rapid deployment of new IT systems such as relocation of a data center population of a geographically dispersed data mart or testing new applications H itachi D ata Systems provides expert consultants to assist in assessing processes and procedures to ensure an optimal implementation of the renote copy process Hitachi also offers services for developing remote testing at a disaster recovery hot site to validate the proper configuration of the remote copy process in terms of hardware software and processing method Enterprise IT professionals will be trained to address remote copy as a strategic tool of the data center to meet the objectives of business continuity disaster recovery or rapid deployment of new IT systems Hitachi NanoCopy Implementation Service H itachi NanoCopy lets an enterprise make point in time copies without disturbing critical applications or causing any disruption to end user operations It is the only completely non disruptive long distance remote copy technique that can be used for Disaster Recovery with confidence
99. to 20 across multiple Lightning 9900 systems Graphic or command line interfaces control data replication and fast resynchronization of logical volumes Shadowl mage is available for open systems or S 390 environments Shadowl mage also works in concert with H itachi TrueC opy S 390 Asynchronous to provide additional copies in another system Hitachi TrueCopy H itachi TrueC opy provides synchronous or asynchronous remote copy capability for open system and S 390 computers T his allows remote copies over virtually unlimited distances O perating systems that are supported include M VS H P U X AIX Sun Solaris Digital UN 1IX Sequent DYNIX ptx SGI IRIX NCR UNIX SVR4 Windows NT 2000 Hot site An alternate facility that has the equipment and resources to recover the business functions affected by the occurrence of a disaster or business interruption H ot sites may vary in type of facilities offered such as data processing communication or any other critical business functions needing duplication Location and size of the hot site will be proportional to the equipment and resources needed Similar terms include backup site recovery site recovery center and alternate processing site See also Cold site Warm site Disaster Recovery Business Interruption and Business Continuity Planning Glossary 61 Hitachi Data Systems 62 HSN Hierarchical Star N etwork T he technical term used to describe the com
100. trol Frame and its major components Maintrame or Open Systems Channel Adapters Battery Modules Service Processor Power Supply Cache Modules Modules Switch Hitachi Data Systems Model 9960 Array Frames Array frames 1 4 of the 9960 contain up to 96 H ard Disk Drive Assemblies H D Ds and communication interfaces to the Control Frame Array frames 5 6 contain up to 64 drives for a total of 512 drives for a maximum configured system An Array Frame is shown in Figure 5 This design allows for efficient centralized and consolidated storage which results in reduced management costs and lower overall total cost of ownership Figure 5 A 9960 Array Frame with its major components Hard Disk Drive Modules HDDs A GANG Y ae KY PA Fan Trays i Battery M Modules e i Interface Modules to the Control Frame The Lightning 9900 Series power subsystem consists of redundant power supplies in both Control Frames and Array Frames T he power supplies are both hot pluggable and hot swappable and are N 1 redundant T his means they can be removed or installed during system operation and that if a power supply fails during operation the failed power can be dynamically removed without any loss to system operation A Lightning 9900 Series power supply module is shown in Figure 6 The Lightning 9900 Series Packaging Cables carry 48 volt main systen power from the back of the Contro
101. ty that optimizes Lightning 9900 capacity utilization by allowing users to configure multiple virtual LVI in place of a LVI D ata volumes as small as a single cylinder or as large as a full 3390 9 can be defined Volume size is determined in cylinder increments Each virtual LVI requires one physical address with a maximum of 4096 addresses per Lightning 9900 system D ifferent types of LVIS can coexist within an array group with no need to convert them to a common LVI T his feature maximizes array group capacity and enhances configuration flexibility Hitachi Virtual Logical Volume Image M anager improves performance by reducing logical device contention and operating systen queuing It also boosts remote copy performance by avoiding the need to copy the entire volume Hitachi FlashAccess allows data to be locked and unlocked in cache on the fly H itachi FlashAccess is a software utility that allows users to dynamically lock and unlock data into cache in real time Read and write functions are then performed at cache speeds with no disk latency delay With Hitachi FlashAccess a portion of cache memory can be allocated to specific data Users can add delete or change Hitachi FlashAccess managed data at any time quickly and easily Defined by the Logical Volume Image LV for mainframes or Logical Unit N umber LUN for open systems cache data can be as small as a single track or as large as an entire volume
102. ubsystems by a dedicated LAN Hitachi LUN M anager can support up to eight Lightning 9900 systens Figure 26 The GUI interface on Hitachi Graph Track simplifies performance management With Hitachi LUN Manager support of alternate path failover path load balancing and clustered systems is enhanced 41 Hitachi Data Systems Hitachi Virtual Logical Volume Image Manager improves performance Hitachi FlashAccess dramatically improves performance TM Hitachi CruiseControl automatically monitors analyzes and moves logical volumes to eliminate hot spots 42 Hitachi LUN M anager also features logical unit size expansion that dramatically improves LUN flexibility Up to 36 physical LU N s can be presented to the operating system as a single large LUN T his capability simplifies storage management because there are fewer LUN s to manage Two levels of password protection user and administrator ensure maximum data security U sers can view only Lightning 9900 LUN configuration information while administrators can access all LUN configuration information and functions Administrators can customize access privileges for individual users thus providing maximum flexibility and control of H itachi LUN M anager capabilities Hitachi Virtual Logical Volume Image Manager allows very large to very small virtual volume configuration H itachi Virtual Logical Volume Image M anager is a mainframe software utili
103. ur interconnecting cache switches 17 Hitachi Data Systems A portion of cache memory can be allocated to specific data 18 The 9960 Provides 32GB of Fully Addressable Cache The 9960 supports up to 32GB of data cache all directly addressable Separate cache modules up to 1 5GB are used for control storage Competitive systems use their cache for both data and control information limiting the amount of usable data cache Advanced Cache Algorithms of the Lightning 9900 Series The Lightning 9900 Series has a variety of advanced cache algorithms and software solutions that allow exceptional performance Hitachi FlashAccess Allows Datasets to be Permanently Placed in Cache H itachi FlashAccess allows users to dynamically lock and unlock data into cache in real time Read and write functions are then performed at cache speeds with no disk latency delay With H itachi FlashAccess a portion of cache memory can be allocated to specific data Administrators can add delete or change FlashAccess managed data at any time quickly and easily In S 390 environments defined by the Logical Volume Image LVI cache data can be as small as a single track or as large as a full 3390 For increased configuration flexibility H itachi FlashAccess offers multiple modes of operation It can be used in conjunction with Hitachi RapidX change to increase the speed of data transfer and therefore improve performance o
104. y NDMP compliant system on the network Node See Fibre Channd NVM Non Volatile M emory is aterm used to refer to battery backed up DRAM so that data will not be lost in the event of power failure NVRAM Non Volatile Random Access M emory such as static RAM will not lose data in the event that power is lost to the memory chips OLAP On line Analytic Processing A type of Decision Support System in which real time analytical software routines are applied to data OLTP On line Transaction Processing Off site storage facility A secure location remote from the primary location at which backup hardware software data files documents equipment or supplies are stored 65 Hitachi Data Systems On line system An interactive computer system supporting users over a network of computer terminals Open system A system whose characteristics comply with standards made available throughout the industry and therefore can be connected to other systems that comply with the same standards Operating System The operating system is the most important software program that runs on a computer T he operating system O S performs basic tasks such as recognizing input from a keyboard sending output to the display screen keeping track of files and directories on the disk and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drive and printers or a mouse The OS acts as a traffic cop and schedules the various programs that the co
105. y facilities to keep a business running in the event of man made or natural disaster O ften the need for an enterprise to allocate staff for these tasks is eliminated With D ata Protection Services an enterprise can accelerate its return on existing investments streamline data management processes eliminate redundant software and costs and reduce time to recovery Asa first step in a typical engagement an Engagement M anager works with the enterprise to determine requirements based on the use of a proven D ata M ovement questionnaire and the presentation of examples of prior engagements D isaster recovery backup data warehousing business continuance testing and development and data center consolidation are the types of projects that most frequently use this service T hen the team reviews system network storage components and phases of solution delivery with the client After a clear understanding of requirements a detailed professional services proposal is presented and reviewed with the enterprise H itachi D ata Systems uses best of breed consulting techniques and has an excellent reference list of satisfied clients that may be contacted prior to beginning of the engagement Examples of the Hitachi suite of data protection services are discussed below Data Protection Services Lab H itachi D ata Systems has designed a laboratory proving ground for developing the tools and expertise an enterprise needs to fully enable the func

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