seismic pavement analyzer operations manual with technical s
Contents
1. 22 Display Measurements 22 SASW Inversion 24 Distress Identification 24 a Table SOUP aa 27 Screen Reporting 28 Data Base Reporting 29 Measurement Options 30 Setup Tables 31 Project Dictionary 33 AcguisitionMode 34 6 Menu and Interpretation Templates 35 MCDS cs DR AA SSS es 36 DIAIOBUES geg EI E ra lada Buh Se Ae s 37 EENEG 38 MESSIES A WAA IA Soka amp rend tne 39 7 Directory Structure 41 Appendix A System Design 43 Transducers Sources and Mounting 43 Transducer Mounting 43 Geophone and Accelerometer Mounting 47 Source Mounting 47 Pneumatic Control 49 Raising Lowering Mechanism 49 e EE EEGENEN 50 Source Feedback Control 50 Electronic Components2. 51 Signal Conditioning 51 Multiplexer and Gain Control 52 A Beale oh Becta cat ena etd Mees ukawa g 33 Y sai Aig ea Bln Q S ee 54 Internal Diagnostics _ 54 Computer Specifications 54 Appendix B Troubleshooting 57 Software Error Messages 57 vi AA A A List of Figures 1 1 1 3 1 4 ZA 2 2 2 3 2 4 Zi 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 Diagram of general SPA Structure 6 Main menu options for the controller program 7 A sample dialogue menu for selecting program options and editing text MES o suis dee tps Sind ds as Ae le a a ais Capa 7 Sample list menu for selecting data collection options 8 Main menu options and suboptions for the acquisition option 12 Main menu options and suboptions for the analysis option 13 Main menu options and suboptions for the table setup option 14 Main menu options with help option selected 14 Main menu options with exit option selected 15 Menu options for controlling the hardware pneumatics and data acquisition subsystem 17 Men
3. Cold Bath Sample Cold Bath Temperature gt 1 2 Hot Bath Sample Hot Bath Temperature Help Exit Figure 3 4 Menu entries for temperature calibration Cold Bath Sample and Hot Bath Sample are menu entries that initiate a digitized temperature recording Upon taking the digital sample the user records the reference thermometer reading in the dialogue entry 20 Analysis The Analysis option of the main menu figure 2 2 permits selection of four suboptions shown in figure 4 1 These four functions are Select Measurements Display Measurements Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves SASW Inversion and Distress Identification Each of these options is a separate section in this chapter ANALYSIS MENU Select Measurements Display Measurements SASW Inversion Distress Identification Help Figure 4 1 Menu options for controlling analysis and data plotting software Analysis functions are likely to be used in two modes In the first the project engineer or technician will review and analyze a series of measurements routinely collected on a particular project In the second the project engineer is likely to be making a detailed set of 21 analyses and judgments interactively with measurements occasionally referring back to previous measurements of a similar type Consequently analysis functions are controlled by the context of other program operations For instance if data collection has just occurred Display Measu
4. The major electrical components of the Seismic Pavement Analyzer are schematically shown in figure A 3 These include power supplies a computer for data acquisition and analysis signal conditioning electronics and control electronics Subsections of this chapter describe the individual elements of each of these three systems in greater detail Transducer Mounting The transducer mounting member of the Seismic Pavement Analyzer is a 2 in by 6 in U channel that is about 6 ft long figure A 1 item B Individual geophone and accelerometer air cylinders figure A 1 item C are bolted to this U channel transducers 43 1 z uuv Ju umauq IUS IY JO Sjusuodwo Vue 1o g I V ANS eem SS em STT E pm P DOMO ilig SITIO AS x n pa TI9IS S OIJUOD NVB JO JJBUIBYIS Z V ANSY sun 1y J03e nbay gt SABA plouejos eo11109 3 JaWwuweuy H B SE ouenbaJj mo 7 u us H ouenbalj ubIH 98 nssald JeWWe Y E Sl pul 9 we J JNPSULIL SJ9putA9J9UuIWwey esiey i SJ pu 9 J wwL Ly 13M0 EI III SAJEA ENUEN pa Josseidwoo IV xoq 19 1 84 YA IV 45 SJU9UOAUIO IUO JOfeUl JO IVUS CN JINSIA Bunun JOMOd SJUA 18 1841 MO1 DAA cl JOLIBAU KI OVA OL 1J UolipuooO Y9HMS NSS ld My J Joyje nbay Duueung eur 04u09 OJJUOZ 9114 89 NOS saiisouberig SJEMPIBH Duueiing QUI o1
5. A sample list template for selecting measurement options is shown in figure 6 4 for the menu shown in figure 1 4 Lines 1 and 2 define the menu window and title as in figures 6 1 and 6 2 Line 3 points to the list of options to be displayed as pictured in the shortened list of figure 6 5 An entry of 1 in the first column of the list of figure 6 5 indicates an active item and an entry of 0 indicates an inactive item 30 12 70 92 Line 1 20 5 MEASUREMENT OPTIONS Line 2 imenusitemplatelflist lst Line 3 Figure 6 4 Template for the measurement list selection 38 1 MI Line 1 O SASW Line 2 0 Pulse Echo Line 3 1 Comment Figure 6 5 Shortened example of list menu entries A 1 in the first entry indicates an active item 0 indicates an inactive item Messages A sample message template for giving information to the user is shown in figure 6 6 Lines 1 and 2 are identical to other menu templates in giving the screen location and attributes as well as the subject of the message Line 3 contains a file name that is not currently used but may contain text information Line 4 gives the location of the text within the box defined in line 1 The common use of the message template is to supply error messages returned from the data acquisition software 95 95 Line 1 ERROR MESSAGE Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Figure 6 6 Sample message template used primarily for error reporting 39 Directory Structure This chapter pr
6. The SPA data base records may simply be loaded into the 23 spreadsheet for display computations or statistical analysis This data base file resides in the project directory specified in Setup Tables Directory Selection with the name moduli txt SASW Inversion Selection of the SASW Inversion option converts the dispersion curves for active selections from the Select Measurements option into shear velocity and Young s Modulus estimates for the pavement layers The menu shown in figure 4 4 is brought up to verify and set up parameters used in the inversion The expected pavement properties are retrieved from the master tables Setup of the master tables is described in chapter 5 under the topics dealing with setting up the pavement structure and the tables of pavement properties SASW INVERSION SETUP Expected Pavement Properties Thickness Density Young s Poisson s Modulus Ratio Pavement 6 150 6 0 0 16 Base gt 15 130 1 2 0 25 Subgrade 110 0 3 0 35 Figure 4 4 Menu options for setting up the SASW Inversion for shear velocity and Young s Modulus profile with depth Results of the inversion are revised estimates of shear moduli and thicknesses for the pavement base and subgrade layers These estimates are inserted into the data base records for access by other analysis or display functions Distress Identification Selection of the Distress Identification option brings up a dialogue menu that summarizes a comparison of
7. The Temperature calibration sequence requires that both the pavement and air thermocouples be placed sequentially in an ice bath and hot water bath with water temperatures measured with a thermometer Selection of the Temperature option will bring up the dialogue box shown in figure 3 4 With the thermocouples in the Cold Bath Sample the user selects that menu entry hits the lt RET gt key and a digital uncalibrated temperature reading is taken after the temperature has stabilized The user then moves the cursor to the Thermometer Reading entry to the right and enters the reference thermometer reading The user then places the thermocouples in the hot water and selects Hot Bath Sample waits for a stable digital temperature reading and enters the reference thermometer reading Following 19 calculation of new calibration constants deviations of the old temperature calibration are recorded in the data base The user may calibrate the system in either English units or metric International System of Units or SI units VELOCITY CALIBRATION MENU Spacing of source to detector m Al 0 0762 A2 0 1524 A3 0 3048 AA 0 6096 A5 1 2192 Standard Slab Velocity 4913 Calibrate Velocity Help Exit Figure 3 3 Velocity calibration menu Source detector spacings are alterable in dialogue entries The calibration velocity is entered in a dialogue entry and the calibration procedure is selected by a menu entry TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION MENU
8. distance measuring device is not responding to a query nxtemnd c Unrecognized type of source receiver spacing in tables dc cmd dtable c A digitization parameter is not valid in tables dc cmd digopt c Table initialization undeclared transducer spacing updtbl c Table initialization unreasonable transducer spacing updtbl c Table initialization initialization of frequency domain arrays failed set_spectra_indices c Table initialization pavement structure is not initialized updtbl c Error in setting multiplexer channel hardware error replace mux or I O board collect_data c Error in setting preamp value hardware error replace mux or I O board collect_data c Error in defining preamp value in setup table collect_data c Error in defining multiplexer channel in setup table collect_data c Cannot initialize source firing as transducers are not lowered collect_data c Out of stack memory colldat c Undefined error analdata c Out of memory for arrays analdat c 1011 O 1012 7 1013 5 1014 5 1016 405 1016 406 1016 407 1016 408 1016 409 1016 410 1016 411 1016 412 1016 413 1016 414 1018 23 1018 24 1018 25 1019 1020 401 1021 402 1021 403 Table initialization initialization of time domain arrays failed updtbl c No such transducer name exists banksel c A desired measurement option does not exist testopt c A command from tables dc cmd is not coherent measopt c No tim
9. distinct purposes The first is to perform more detailed analyses of pavement conditions identified in the network level surveys and to diagnose specific distress precursors to aid in selection of the maintenance treatment The second is to monitor pavement conditions after a maintenance treatment has been applied to determine its effectiveness The operation of the system is quite simple because it is automated Most of the data reduction is done rapidly in the field and the results are saved in a data base for further analysis A graphic representation of the data collected in the field can be produced on demand to enable an engineer to identify the troublesome areas of the pavement as the data is collected Finally the software presents the diagnosis of pavement conditions in engineering terms as opposed to stiffness parameters The advantages of the device are several The Seismic Pavement Analyzer is highly accurate and precise in determining the state of the pavement It uses methods based on accepted engineering physics principles The field testing and data reduction methodologies are compatible with the theoretical assumptions The hardware is relatively inexpensive The device is expected to be inexpensive to modify because only the software should require updating or replacement The Seismic Pavement Analyzer might be used effectively in the future to enhance the results of many Strategic Highway Research Program SHRP projects Becaus
10. measured and expected pavement properties for the most recently collected 24 data prior to attempting an interpretation figure 4 5 These measured and expected values are editable as dialogue items and a menu item to predict distress type will run the interpretation software A typical output consists of the unique data tag followed by diagnostic information for that data measurement figure 4 6 DISTRESS IDENTIFICATION MENU Measured Value Expected Value Pavement YM P PR P PR USW Thickness YM SASW YM MI PR Thickness Subgrade YM SASW YM MI PR Delamination Depth Resonance Amplitude MI Damping Identify Distress Figure 4 5 Menu options for setting up the distress identification interpretation module The abbreviations in parentheses define the source of the estimate Tag 143 Weak Subgrade Possible Cracked Concrete Layer Possible Void Under the Concrete Layer Figure 4 6 Sample diagnosis for a measurement 25 Table Setup The Table Setup option of the main menu figure 2 3 permits selection of the four suboptions shown in figure 5 1 These four functions are Screen Reporting Data Base Reporting Measurement Options and Setup Tables Each of these options is a separate section in this chapter SETUP TABLE MENU Screen Reporting Data Base Reporting Measurement Options Setup Tables Help Figure 5 1 Menu options for setting up default data collection display and re
11. options to select specific setup tables and options Source receiver geometry table for modifying spacings Dialogue entries to specify pavement structure Directory selection menu Project directory selection list 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 7 1 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 Menu to permit selection of whether acquisition is made using two computers connected by modem Remote or by one computer Local 34 Sample menu template for the main controller menu with line numberins On the right cin eGR Rha Oe e AR a 36 Dialogue template for the temperature calibration mem 37 Value file for the temperature calibration menu 38 Template for the measurement list selection 38 Shortened example of list menu entries 39 Sample message template used primarily for error reporting 39 DOS directory structure for software and data for the SPA 42 Major mechanical components of the Seismic Pavement Analyzer 44 Schematic of Air Control System 45 Schematic of major electroniccomponents 46 Schematic of geophone and accelerometer mounting 48 Schematicofsensoramplifiers 53 1X
12. other analysis functions The Display Measurements suboption presents a graphic summary of collected data and analysis results The SASW Inversion displays a dialogue menu of modifiable options and calculates shear modulus and Young s Modulus profiles from frequency dependent phase data The Distress Identification suboption implements identification of the type of pavement distress on the data sets selected in the Select Data Set option in this menu Table Setup The third menu option Table Setup figure 2 3 will be used by the experienced engineer or technician to define data collection and analysis defaults The five suboptions are described in more detail in chapter 4 The Screen Reporting selection brings up a menu of options on the types of information that are reported to the user s screen and the Data Base Reporting those that are saved to the 13 data base during routine or research data acquisition The Measurement Options selection allows the user to set up the types of measurements and quality control calculations to be performed during data acquisition Th Setup Tables selection brings up a menu of user modifiable tables that deal with project definition concrete and asphalt properties and the expected pavement structure The Help suboption gives a brief description of the operation of each of the options in this menu MAIN MENU OPTIONS Acquisition Analysis Table Setup Screen Reporting Data Base Reporting M
13. the hammer stroke and preparation for the next stroke is controlled by pneumatic line size accumulator volume and regulator flow rate Using conventional 1 4 inch connections and pneumatic lines cycle times are less than one second and are longer than the data acquisition processing phase Source Feedback Control Two factors are important in controlling the hammer hit the force of the impact and the duration of the impact The ideal situation is to have the shortest impact time at a controlled force level Impact times and force levels are influenced by external conditions such as pavement or asphalt stiffness surface condition and temperature Two controls are available over the hammer behavior The first is the duration of the solenoid opening that determines both applied force and pulse duration The second is the initial height of the hammer above the pavement which is manually adjusted A computer feedback loop is used to control the hammer hit characteristics The digitized load cell signal is compared with an expected load cell signal When the digitized load cell signal quality falls outside the desirable limits the computer will adjust the solenoid opening 50 duration and repeat the hit to either increase force decrease force or eliminate hammer bounce If these adjustments are not adequate then the operator is advised by the computer of the degraded signal quality and repairs suggested Electronic Components This s
14. the mechanisms The transducer and source lowering cylinders are tied to electrically controlled solenoid valves that are software controlled by the computer These valves connect the cylinders either to outside air or to pressurized air when not activated Pressure to the lowering mechanisms is provided by mechanical regulators and requires adjustment only after major modifications or repairs 49 Sources Each pneumatic hammer consists of an accumulator chamber a computer controlled firing solenoid and a spring return air cylinder figure A 2 Air from the supply tank fills the accumulators through a common regulator Upon receiving a signal from the computer the solenoid turns on for several tenths of a millisecond and allows the air from the accumulator into the hammer cylinder When the solenoid turns off the cylinder is connected to outside air pressure the spring retracts the hammer and the accumulator refills The solenoid valve is mounted directly on the cylinder The accumulator is mounted as close to the valve as physically possible to minimize time delays and pressure losses associated with propagation of air pressure transients The accumulator provides a high volume several cylinder volumes of pressurized air that may be moved quickly into the cylinder to provide rapid hammer acceleration This action isolates the hammer movement from regulator flow restrictions caused by distance from the air supply The cycle time for
15. the user and suggests corrective actions Options for equipment diagnostics calibration and operator comments are also readily available in this mode of operation The mode for setting up options and tables is designed so that a wide array of default information may be set up by an experienced operator The operator has control over the measurements to be made values to be reported and diagnostics to be run The operator also controls the pavement properties and equipment parameters Some setup tables such as standard concrete properties are globally applicable while others such as pavement layers and thicknesses are project specific Project categories may be set up for specific types of measurements and pavement types to hold these tables and recorded data 8 When the project engineer is interactively collecting and interpreting data large amounts of detailed information are reported to the screen on a specific measurement This is defined under the setup and analysis modes with all results reported to the screen after data collection This mode effectively provides the project engineer in the office all the information that would be collected by a technician in routine operation Hardware Requirements The Seismic Pavement Analyzer software exclusive of the data acquisition software is expected to run on an IBM PC XT or AT equivalent platform with Hercules color graphics adaptor CGA enhanced graphics adaptor EGA or video gr
16. up data base entries documenting test conditions results and diagnostics 29 The Diagnostic Level is identical to that under the Screen Display option figure 5 3 Typically diagnostics at the malfunction level are routinely saved By default all data are currently archived in Borland s Paradox data base As additional needs or data bases are accommodated the Parameter Archive and Standard Formats options will be extended Measurement Options On selection of Measurement Options a list of possible measurements to be reported from the Seismic Pavement Analyzer is given figure 5 5 Items may be toggled between the Inactive and Active modes using the return lt RET gt key Quality Control QC estimates on geophone accelerometer and load cell responses are included here rather than under diagnostic indicators These are time consuming but provide a higher level of quality control in the data base for critical or research applications The list of measurement options is not displayed in its entirety on the screen at one time as it is too long for some screens The lists will scroll up and down through use of the up and down arrow cursor controls as well as the PgUp and PgDn keys MEASUREMENT SELECTION Inactive Active Low frequency SASW Mechanical Impedance High frequency SASW Compressional Velocity Ultrasonic Surface Wave Pulse Echo Temperature Position Operator Comment Geophone QC Accelerometer QC Load Cell
17. 029 413 1030 402 1030 403 1030 602 1031 27 1031 28 1032 30 1033 31 Shear modulus of the subgrade is higher than the maximum default limit impulse c Shear modulus of the subgrade is lower than the minimum default limit impulse c Inadequate number of data points for phase interpretation analdat c Air temperature above maximum limit analdat c Air temperature below minimum limit analdat c Ground temperature above maximum limit analdat c Ground temperature below minimum limit analdat c Pavement shear modulus is above maximum limit ultrsonc c Pavement shear modulus is below minimum limit ultrsonc c No specific error analdat c LF Out of stack memory HF data stksasw c No specific error analdat c HF Out of stack memory LF data stksasw c No SASW phase data available analdat c Echo size or pavement thickness above maximum limits findpeak c Echo size or pavement thickness below minimum limits findpeak c No paving layer type is defined for thickness calculation findpeak c High frequency source malfunction revfire c Low frequency source malfunction revfire c Late or nonexistent trigger on data reset A D digsig c Out of stack memory cannot continue intsasw c 1034 No specific error setxpct c 61 Mp Pes eer po kee Ya Anwar E E Wisen Ardaman and Associates Tne o John P Zaniewski 0 ffe S E
18. Abstract This report describes an instrument for monitoring conditions associated with pavement deterioration that was designed and constructed as part of the Strategic Highway Research Program SHRP The conditions measured by the instrument are voids or loss of support under a rigid pavement moisture infiltrating asphalt concrete AC pavement fine cracking in pavements delamination of overlays and aging of asphalt These conditions of pavement deterioration are determined by estimating Young s and shear moduli in the pavement base and subgrade from the following wave propagation measurements 1 Impulse echo 2 Impulse response 3 Spectral analysis of surface waves 4 Ultrasonic surface wave 5 Ultrasonic body wave velocity The instrument designed to make these measurements records the pavement response produced by high and low frequency pneumatic hammers on five accelerometers and three geophones over a wide range of distances Data acquisition instrument control and interpretation are computer controlled with measurements and interpretations reported in both screen and data base formats Tests conducted during this research program produced very promising results The device was simple to use and produced diagnostic results that were repeatable With minimal hardware modifications the device can be commercialized This report includes a user s manual along with the technical specifications for the device Execut
19. Acquisition heading and are described in more detail in chapter 2 The Data Collection suboption sends commands for data acquisition and retrieves and archives collected data The Save Waveforms option saves detailed time and frequency domain data for later extensive analysis The Diagnostics suboption runs specific hardware tests and reports potential instrument failure The Calibration suboption pulls up another menu for selection of specific calibration procedures MAIN MENU OPTIONS Acquisition Analysis Table Setup Help Exit Data Collection Save Waveforms Diagnostics Calibration Figure 2 1 Main menu options and suboptions for the acquisition option 12 Analysis The second menu option Analysis figure 2 2 contains the options necessary for analyzing and viewing data collected with the Acquisition option The experienced engineer may review routinely collected data or may switch back and forth between Analysis and Acquisition functions The figure s five suboptions are available under the Analysis function and are described in more detail in chapter 3 MAIN MENU OPTIONS Acquisition Table Setup Select Measurements Display Measurements SASW Inversion Distress Identification Help Help Exit Figure 2 2 Main menu options and suboptions for the analysis option The Select Measurements option brings up a menu that permits selection of specific data sets and data attributes that will be used in
20. Calibration Figure 3 1 Menu options for controlling the hardware pneumatics and data acquisition subsystem The single line box highlights the Data Collection option to be selected with the lt RET gt key 17 Data Acquisition Choice of the Data Acquisition option will initiate hardware data collection and reporting back to the user s screen and data base Actions that occur with selection of this option depend on whether or not the transducer mechanism is already lowered The mechanism may have been lowered through software or may have been left lowered by a software malfunction during acquisition If the transducer mechanism has not been explicitly lowered it will be lowered and retracted immediately following completion of the measurements If the mechanism has been previously lowered it will be raised after data collection is completed If a malfunction occurs the mechanism may remain lowered Release of the tow vehicle parking brake will cut power to the trailer control electronics and raise the transducer and source mounting mechanisms Save Waveforms The Save Waveforms option performs a data compression and archiving operation It compresses and moves the time domain waveforms intermediate interpretations and frequency domain data into a file associated with the unique data tag This option may be selected only when the machine is run in the Local Acquisition mode see chapter 5 Acquisition Mode figure 5 11 These da
21. I I Arizona State University ar be he ete Ka Se Cap hey i Liaisons H ji E ER Cae e Ted Ferragut o 7 a S a Ji Federal Highway Administration a e KC S Joseph J Lasek ss ee ge u S SE E ER Federal Highway Administration E Sc
22. Juo elnyejeduwe JI Buluoninpuoo elnjeljedwa J elnjeJjedule punog yd3X3 OU INIA E osa i 6uiuonipuoO sndod udoery g euoudo o Sp atyog UY SE i 3LASVHI3N suoydoso E e JajawoJe so 0y BuluonipuoO aaa III y y J l tuoJ 55V l 169 peo pue ules 18181OJ9 899Y 49190018919394 ejqewwelbold Ud SE Z 1919W019 999Y i puonao Pao dIvel i TIOIHSA MOL 46 figure A 1 item D are mounted to the air cylinders and electrical cables are routed underneath the U channel The transducer mounting member is mounted to the trailer through four manually controlled air springs figure A 1 item F that provide vibration isolation with some height and level adjustment to accommodate different tow vehicle heights The weight of each transducer is counterbalanced by a spring in its air cylinder The air cylinders have a useful throw of 16 in and fully retracted the transducers have a clearance of about 5 in for high speed travel This clearance in retrospect has proven the durability of the raise lower mechanism through numerous bendings and straightenings The next version of the trailer will incorporate skid protection for the transducers with additional clearance Positive air pressure is required to lower transducers so that in the event of electrical or pneumatic failure the transducers rise so that the trailer may be safely towed for repair The individually mounted air cylind
23. QC Figure 5 5 List of options for measurements to be collected 30 Setup Tables The Setup Tables option allows definition of the analysis and collection environment of the SPA The units and dimensions of measurements are implicitly defined in the tables that can be modified in this section All tables are currently defined in International System of Units SD If some other system of units is desirable the source receiver geometry pavement properties pavement structure and calibration tables must be changed to reflect consistent units The units are defined in tables the software expects no explicit units On selection of the Setup Tables option the menu shown in figure 5 6 appears on the screen glving a list of the tables to be edited SETUP TABLES Pavement Properties Pavement Structure Project Directory Acquisition Mode Figure 5 6 Menu options to select specific setup tables and options Upon selection of the Source Receiver Geometry option the spacing table figure 5 7 specific to the current working directory is loaded into the DOS system editor If changes are made these spacings are moved to the working table for data acquisition Units of these spacings are implicitly assumed to match those used for modulus values The spacing table abbreviations L2 and L1 represent the low frequency and high frequency load cells respectively G1 G3 and A1 AS are the representations of consecutive geophones and accelerom
24. SHRP H 374 Seismic Pavement Analyzer Operations Manual with Technical Specifications Mark R Baker Kevin Crain Soheil Nazarian Center for Geotechnical and Highway Materials Research The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas 79968 Strategic Highway Research Program National Research Council PF Washington DC 1993 SHRP H 374 ISBN 0 309 05752 3 Contract H 104B Product No 3019 Program Manager Don M Harriott Project Managers Shashikant C Shah Brian E Cox Program Area Secretary Francine A Burgess Production Editor Lynn E Stanton December 1993 key words flexible pavements maintenance equipment pavement maintenance rigid pavements wave propagation techniques Strategic Highway Research Program National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue N W Washington DC 20418 202 334 3774 The publication of this report does not necessarily indicate approval or endorsement of the findings opinions conclusions or recommendations either inferred or specifically expressed herein by the National Academy of Sciences the United States Government or the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials or its member states O 1993 National Academy of Sciences 1 0M NAP 1293 Acknowledgments The research described herein was supported by the Strategic Highway Research Program SHRP SHRP is a unit of the National Research Council that was authorized by Section 128 of
25. aphics adaptor VGA graphics 2 megabytes of random access memory RAM and two floppy disk drives A hard disk and math coprocessor will be highly desirable but not necessary for speed of operation Disk storage requirements are determined by the amount of data acquired in the field as the total floppy disk or hard disk drive space required to run the user interface data acquisition and interpretation software is less than 900 kilobytes Three serial ports will be necessary for communication with the data acquisition hardware distance measuring equipment and other potential additions Operation of computationally intensive interpretation functions such as the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves SASW inversion would require an AT or equivalent platform with a math coprocessor Start Up and Main Menu Options Start up The Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA is started by turning on the main 12 volt DC and 120 volt AC power switches to the trailer The air compressor in the trailer will start and operate for several minutes Power to the data acquisition hardware is then turned on Once the air compressor in the trailer has shut off check that operating pressures on the regulator gauges are satisfactory 40 psi source firing 20 psi source lower 15 psi transducer hold down that air springs on the trailer are inflated see figure A 1 in appendix A and that the valve permitting air pressure to raise the source assembly is open A power cu
26. ctioning Implicitly this also tests for failure of a transducer The data acquisition software has the option to switch signal conditioning inputs to a computer controlled pulse generator if there is a need to test circuit operation The resulting digitized waveform may be compared with ideal responses for each channel to help diagnose failures by eliminating all other possible sources of failure Computer Specifications The data acquisition software of the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA requires either and i386 or i486 class of IBM PC AT or equivalent computer with a floating point processor and 4 megabytes of RAM five expansion slots and two serial ports If the data acquisition software is run on the same machine as data acquisition a Hercules color graphics adaptor 54 CGA enhanced graphics adaptor EGA or video graphics adaptor VGA graphics monitor and keyboard are required The user interface software of the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA runs on an IBM PC XT or AT equivalent computer with Hercules CGA or EGA VGA graphics 640 Kb ram two 720 Kb floppy disk drives with three serial ports An AT with a hard disk and a floating point chip would be highly desirable but not necessary to increase speed of operation in analysis intensive operations 55 Appendix B Troubleshooting Software Error Messages Software error messages returned to the screen or to the data base are coded together with a four digit number
27. ctive option the escape lt ESC gt key exits the menu without a specific selection and arrow keys change the active option MAIN MENU OPTIONS Acquisition Analysis Table Setup Help Exit Figure 1 2 Main menu options for the controller program The option to be selected is outlined with a box and is selected by the return lt RET gt key The escape lt ESC gt key exits a menu without choice A dialogue screen lets the user interactively edit text fields or choose menu options A sample dialogue box is shown in figure 1 3 The current edit field is indicated by the arrow gt and menu options are highlighted by a single line box as shown in figure 1 3 The active edit field or menu option is chosen with the arrow keys or lt RET gt key and the dialogue is exited and saved with the lt ESC gt key TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION MENU Cold Bath Sample Cold Bath Temperature gt 1 2 Hot Bath Sample Hot Bath Temperature Figure 1 3 A sample dialogue menu for selecting program options and editing text fields The dialogue is exited and saved using the escape lt ESC gt key A list screen lets the user activate a fixed list of options for programs to be executed by the controller program A short sample list for selecting measurement types is shown in figure 1 4 An arrow gt in the left hand column indicates the item to be changed This arrow is moved using the arrow keys Cursor control keys gt or lt will toggle th
28. e Project Directory option brings up a dialogue menu showing the currently active directory with options for change figure 5 9 The Active Directory entry is a dialogue entry that indicates the project directory that is currently active and permits creation of a new name or selection of an unreserved project directory An old project directory may be typed in or a new directory name may be entered and the New Directory menu item selected as shown in figure 5 9 DIRECTORY SELECTION MENU Active Directory projects projectl New Directory List Directories Exit Figure 5 9 The Directory Selection Menu displays the currently active directory permits creation of a new directory name entered in the field or lets you select an active directory from a list The List Directories menu option will bring up a list menu of currently available directories with the currently active directory in the Active zone figure 5 10 An existing directory may be moved to the Active zone to select it as the current operating directory If multiple directories are selected to be active the software will complain until only one directory is selected Only project directories in the projects subdirectory are shown in this list 33 PROJECT DIRECTORY Inactive Active Project1 Project2 RWParkway Figure 5 10 Project directory selection list Selection of the New option will create a new directory Acquisition Mode Selection of the Ac
29. e domain signal on accelerometer 1 check or replace transducer cable amplifier pickarr c No time domain signal on accelerometer 2 check or replace transducer cable amplifier pickarr c No time domain signal on accelerometer 3 check or replace transducer cable amplifier pickarr c No time domain signal on accelerometer 4 check or replace transducer cable amplifier pickarr c No time domain signal on accelerometer 5 check or replace transducer cable amplifier pickarr c High signal offset on accelerometer 1 rezero pickarr c High signal offset on accelerometer 2 rezero pickarr c High signal offset on accelerometer 3 rezero pickarr c High signal offset on accelerometer 4 rezero pickarr c High signal offset on accelerometer 5 rezero pickarr c Invalid name for data array stored in high memory stksig c Unable to read data from a high memory array check installation of high extended memory drivers stksig c Unable to write data to a high memory array check installation of high extended memory drivers stksig c No specific error analdat c A parameter estimate does not exist when it should have been defined from an external table res_est c Damping higher than the maximum default limit impulse c Damping lower than the minimum default limit impulse c 59 1022 402 1022 403 1023 404 1024 402 1024 403 1025 402 1025 403 1026 402 1026 403 1027 1027 31 1028 1028 31 1
30. e item back and forth between the active and inactive columns The list is exited and saved using the lt ESC gt key Menu dialogue and list option selections are all saved and the next time the screen is used previous menu choices are restored As long as the menu is properly exited this status IS saved through all program operations Thus frequently used menu options are quickly selected with minimal key strokes MEASUREMENT OPTIONS Inactive Active MI SASW Pulse Echo gt Comment Figure 1 4 Sample list menu for selecting data collection options The arrow highlights the option that may be toggled between active or inactive using the lt RET gt key The list is exited and saved using the lt ESC gt key Software Structure Philosophy The software controlling the Seismic Pavement Analyzer has been designed to accommodate three main modes of use These three modes are 1 routine data collection by a technician 2 setting up options for routine data collection by the project engineer or technician and 3 diagnostics or general interactive data collection and analysis by the project engineer or researcher In routine data collection the technician needs only to command the computer to collect data Software then reports selected analysis results to the user s screen and complete analysis results to the data archive after successful completion of data collection If data collection is unsuccessful the program notifies
31. e the device yields information that is inherently more accurate than that produced by the falling weight deflectometer many of the Long Term Pavement Performance LTPP projects can use the equipment for better diagnosis and more effective evaluation Introduction This document describes the operation of the software and hardware of the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA developed under Project H 104B for the Strategic Highway Research Program SHRP Technical specifications for the SPA are included in appendix A The device consists of a towed trailer a computer with special data acquisition hardware and software and a power supply for the trailer and computer The operation of the trailer is controlled exclusively through the computer consequently the user s manual deals primarily with operating the software Aspects of hardware operation are described in chapter 1 and in appendix A The following section describes the overall structure of the user interface software The overall structure of the SPA is that of an interactive controller program that sets up tables and executes specific functions of the SPA hardware through software control Figure 1 1 shows a schematic of the main functions The data communication analysis functions data plotting and data acquisition boxes are stand alone programs that are initialized by the setup tables They generally require knowledge only of the setup tables and should not necessarily require interacti
32. easurement Options Setup Tables Help Help Exit Figure 2 3 Main menu options and suboptions for the table setup option Help The fourth menu option Help figure 2 4 brings to the screen a text window with Information similar to that contained in this section Help options will appear on all appropriate menus and are specific to the context of the software For instance while in the Analysis option of the main menu only information useful for analysis options is available with its help command MAIN MENU OPTIONS Acquisition Analysis Table Setup Exit Figure 2 4 Main menu options with help option selected 14 Exit The fifth menu option Exit permits a graceful exit from the Seismic Pavement Analyzer software into the personal computer PC s operating system The Acquisition option is restored when the software is rerun Choosing the Exit option is equivalent to using the lt ESC gt key to exit this menu MAIN MENU OPTIONS Acquisition Analysis Table Setup Help Figure 2 5 Main menu options with exit option selected 15 Acquisition The Acquisition option of the main menu permits the selection of the four functions for data acquisition shown in figure 3 1 These four functions are Data Collection Save Waveforms Hardware Diagnostics and Calibration Each of these functions is a subheading in this chapter ACQUISITION MENU Data Collection Save Waveforms Hardware Diagnostics
33. eated by the user All data storage and project specific modifications to tables are contained in this area Within project 41 subdirectories data base tables built from data acquisition are contained in txt file suffixes project specific tables are contained in tbl suffixes and data files resulting from the Save Waveforms command are contained in zip suffixes Bin Executables Menus Controller Source Interpretation Modules Includes Pavement Templates Help Tables Tables Project 1 Compressed Data Data Base Tables Projects Tables Project 2 Compressed Data Data Base Tables Project n Figure 7 1 DOS directory structure for software and data base for the SPA 42 Appendix A System Design Transducers Sources and Mounting The major mechanical components of the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA are schematically depicted in figure A 1 These include the transducer mounting member B individual transducer holders D two pneumatic hammers G H that are raised and lowered to the pavement surface pneumatic cylinders to individually raise and lower the transducers C and a pressurized air supply contained in the large box E at the tail of the trailer A schematic of the air control system housed in this box is shown in figure A 2 The air control system includes a compressor air tank regulators and solenoid valves These are mounted on a light trailer for towing behind a car or truck
34. ection on the electronics of the Seismic Pavement Analyzer gives a general description of the circuits that are not purchased as systems from other vendors and must be custom built The circuits are built on printed circuit cards mounted inside the personal computer PO A general schematic of the total electronic system including interface with the computer is shown in figure A 3 Transducer signals collected on the trailer are indicated in the upper right The first level of boxes to the left of the transducer signals are electronics located on the trailer and include load cell routing temperature conditioning source control buffers and compressor switching Analog signals are run through conditioning stages located in the tow vehicle computer and then go into the analog multiplexer which routes a computer selected subset of 4 of the 12 signals through to the programmable gain stage and into the analog to digital A D board The distance measurement is input to the computer through a serial port from a commercially available distance measuring device The hardware diagnostics circuit injects a known signal into the signal conditioning circuits so that overall circuit functions may be tested and compared with ideal responses The complete electronic package is run from a conditioned inverter connected to the 12 volt system of the tow vehicle Subsequent sections of this chapter will deal with the signal conditioning functions including tem
35. ers accommodate a wide range of pavement or pothole topography with a uniform force coupling the transducer to the pavement Geophone and Accelerometer Mounting Geophones and accelerometers are mounted in 2 in diameter polyvinyl chloride PVC tubes figure A 4 that provide a nonresonant protection and centering support The geophones and accelerometers are isolated from the air cylinders with rubber vibration isolators Thin rubber feet are used on the transducers to provide a relatively uniform damped coupling with various pavement surfaces The geophone and accelerometer holders are screwed onto the control air cylinder and tightened with lock nuts Vibration isolation tests indicate that greater than 70 decibel signal reduction is achieved between the transducers and the frame Source Mounting The high and low frequency pneumatic hammers figure A 1 items G and H respectively are mounted to a movable frame that is attached through air cylinders to the trailer axle Air pressure lowers the source frame to the pavement surface to ensure uniform source height from sample to sample The sources are raised by springs and air pressure to ensure adequate clearance during travel The sources are isolated from the transducer mounting member by 47 LLL NON ji aaa nii WWW Vibration PVC cu isolators Gland for wires Geophone or accelerometer Figure A 4 Schematic of geophone and accelerometer mounting both the lower
36. esents the disk operating system DOS directory structure for software and data for the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA This structure is presented to help the user locate files of specific types and to help manage backups of modified files There are three significant subdirectories the user is likely to work with the templates the tables and the projects subdirectories figure 7 1 The templates subdirectory contains all the files that describe the menu types locations and interactions for the user interface software These structures are discussed in chapter 6 In addition the template help directory contains text files for the help options for the user interface Should the user find the help files inadequate or in the wrong language these files can be modified using the DOS text editor The tables subdirectory contains project specific tables that determine data acquisition parameters globally significant information such as design properties of specific types of concrete and temporary storage files The project specific and globally specific tables use a tbl suffix Many of the files in this subdirectory are copied from a projects directory when the project directory is selected under Table Setup Other tables are created or modified every time data acquisition occurs Should these files be accidentally erased it is best to restore them from a backup of the directory The projects subdirectory contains any project information cr
37. eters The entry L1A3 0 3048 then implies that the distance between the high frequency load cell and accelerometer number 3 is 0 3048 meters Selection of the Pavement Properties option will execute the system editor on the file of globally applicable pavement properties 31 L2L110 0635 L2G110 1397 L2G210 9842 L2G312 1780 L1A110 0762 L1A210 1524 L1A310 3048 L1A410 6096 L1A5 1 2192 Figure 5 7 Source receiver geometry table for modifying spacings Selection of the Pavement Structure option will bring up the dialogue menu of figure 5 8 Thicknesses for each layer may be specified as well as the type of material that is expected PAVEMENT STRUCTURE Overlay Thickness gt 50 Material AC Specl Pavement Thickness 150 Material PCC Spec2 Base Thickness 300 Material CS Spec3 Subgrade Material Peat Figure 5 8 Dialogue entries to specify pavement structure Materials specified should be standard descriptions accessible through table lookup Materials specified in this dialogue should have a set of properties associated with the name in the pavement properties table 32 Project Directory Under the operating directory of the SPA a directory named projectsi is reserved for newly created or previously existing project subdirectories Project directories may be created and accessed that are not under this reserved directory but some aspects of routine operation will not be visible to the user Selection of th
38. indicating the source of the error message followed by a one to three digit code indicating the type of error or warning The warning or error message is accompanied by a number that indicates the importance of the condition numbers less than 200 are severe failures requiring immediate attention numbers from 200 399 indicate that parts of the machine are functioning while others are not numbers from 400 599 are warnings indicating that a condition exists that might compromise data quality and numbers greater than 600 are conditions that do not compromise data quality but should be corrected when the machine returns home The following table contains a list of these error messages Their source in the software is indicated by the location code 1001 0 Parallel 1 0 board initialization failed returned from the 1 O board if nonzero replace board or check that hardware board address set to 0x03b0 driver c 57 1002 0 1003 0 1005 201 1005 604 1006 4 1007 5 1008 10 1008 11 1008 0 1008 602 1009 12 1009 14 1009 15 1009 19 1009 22 1009 31 1010 0 1010 31 58 Analog Digital board initialization failed returned from the A D board if nonzero replace board or check that hardware board address set to 0x Ctrl F2 should interrogate software driver driver c External communications initialization failed 0 returned driver c A test option from tables dc cmd is not coherent testopt c The
39. ing air cylinders and the transducer mounting member air springs The mounting permits adjustment of the stroke of the hammer that may be required to control hammer force in extreme variations of pavement conditions Load cells are included in the high and low frequency hammer heads to measure the applied force of the hammer hits The load cells measure force in both extension and compression Pneumatic Control Air pressure is used in the Seismic Pavement Analyzer to raise and lower the transducers and sources and to impact the low and high frequency hammers A 120 volt compressor is used to charge an air tank that provides air power during operation The air compressor is controlled by a pressure switch that turns on at 40 psi and turns off at 60 psi Individual circuit pressures are usually run at about 40 psi for the source firing 20 psi for raising and lowering the hammer assembly and 15 psi for holding down the transducer The general schematic design of the pneumatic control system is shown in figure A 2 The following three subsections describe the design considerations for the raising lowering mechanism the physical pneumatic hammers and the feedback control of hammer characteristics Raising Lowering Mechanism The lowering of the transducers and sources is accomplished through air cylinders A cylinder mounted spring counterbalances the transducer weight and part of the source weight so that active pressure is required only to lower
40. ive Summary This document contains the user s manual and technical specifications for a new project level measurement device called the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA The equipment has been designed and built to meet the needs of the pavement and maintenance engineer The SPA is an effective tool for identifying and measuring the precursors of pavement distress in early stages The following five distress precursors are addressed Moisture in base layer flexible pavement Voids or loss of support under joints rigid pavement Overlay delamination Fine cracking Pavement aging lle ai ae s To effectively diagnose the specific distress precursors identified an equivalent number of independent pavement parameters are required These parameters are measured using equipment similar to a falling weight deflectometer but the computer processing and interpretation algorithms are more sophisticated than those used with the falling weight deflectometer The potential savings are tremendous First if the precursor of distress is detected and measured the potential problem can be resolved with preventive maintenance at a fraction of the cost of later rehabilitation Second the device will enable the maintenance engineer to distinguish between maintainable sections and those that require rehabilitation This enables the highway agencies to direct the available maintenance funds toward maintainable projects The equipment can be used for two
41. le of this summary display The graph is a schematic pavement cross section divided into four layers The top layer is asphalt concrete 22 AC properties underlain by a portland cement concrete PCC layer underlain by a base layer with the bottom layer representing the subgrade The width of the left hand box is proportional to a normalized shear modulus and the width of the right hand box in the paving layers is proportional to Young e Modulus The box height is proportional to the normalized thickness and separation between paving layers and the base is proportional to the impact echo amplitude height and to damping in the mechanical impedance test Default properties used for normalization are selected in the Pavement Properties and Pavement Structure options of Table Setup chapter 6 If the Select Data Set Measurements option has not been activated since the last data acquisition step the most recently collected measurements will be reported to the screen Shear Young s Modulus Modulus RSA Thickness Echo Size ae RQ Thickness Damping Base Thickness Subgrade Ideal Section Poor Section Figure 4 3 Sample schematic pavement cross section description Boxes represent paving layers height is proportional to thickness and widths are proportional to shear modulus and Young s Modulus estimates in the layer Commercial spreadsheets can provide the user with many other types of graphs of measurements from the SPA
42. load cell impedances to a low impedance signal that will not influence the analog multiplexer The circuit includes output offset adjustment similar to the geophone circuit and a low pass filter to reduce high frequency interference and aliasing in digitization The accelerometer monitoring circuit warns the operator when the accelerometer supply voltage falls above or below reasonable limits by turning on an LED D1 corresponding to an open circuit or short circuit on the cable respectively The temperature measurement circuit consists of two thermocouples and cold junction compensation This circuit serves as a reference potential and a very high input impedance amplifier so that the analog multiplexer does not load the measurement This signal conditioning is performed by an Analog Devices AD564 chip with no external components required Multiplexer and Gain Control As the A D converter used in the Seismic Pavement Analyzer handles only four channels it is necessary to route subsets of the 12 input signals under computer control The analog multiplexer takes a two bit control signal permitting selection of up to four banks and routes one bank of 4 input signals to the A D The multiplexer is basically an electronically controlled set of switches that are controlled by the parallel input output I O board in the computer Since the high frequency load cell and one accelerometer are used in multiple measurements these signals are wired t
43. n about the menu dialogue or list location are held in tmp file name For dialogues and lists the tmp file contains a file name for the values in val file names and for lists in 1st file names These files are contained in the template subdirectory under the main directory for the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA Each template file regardless of the type of interaction contains several common attributes The first portion defines the location of the screen window the window attributes and the title for the window This portion is followed by a file name that points to some subsequent menu or data file depending on the type of interaction Subsequent entries are menu or dialogue entries followed by a character string returned to the calling program In most cases this character string is expected to point to the subsequent menu file for that option The three following sections discuss the different types of interactions and file formats in more detail 35 5 5 90 20 1 1 Line 1 40 10 MAIN MENU OPTIONS Line 2 NOFILE Line 3 10 70 O Acquisition Line 4 menus template acq tmp Line 5 30 70 O Analysis Line 6 menus template anal tmp Line 7 50 70 O Table Setup Line 8 menus template setup tmp Line 9 75 70 O Help Line 10 menus help main txt Line 11 90 70 0 Exit Line 12 Line 13 Figure 6 1 Sample menu template for the main controller menu with line numbering on the right Menus A sample of a menu tem
44. o be chosen in two banks The temperature measurements occupy their own bank The low frequency measurements occupy one bank 52 SIOYTA WE 1osu s JO INBUIIYOS ex JINSIA rr AA AAA eege 13MP9 H B C6 WS 31VW0Q O U0ISIBA JO 1334S SOlIBLU9U9S pleog auoUudosy SOINIMVHO VdS dYHS 53 La AY 4 ApZ SCH AGL MOOD LH Signal strengths from the transducers may vary widely with pavement conditions so computer controlled programmable gain is included between the multiplexer and the A D board In order to take advantage of the full precision of the A D board the gain is recursively adjusted using trial hammer hits and previous signal strengths to give an optimum signal to noise ratio Distance Distance measurement is accomplished by counting revolutions of a transmission mounted encoder The data acquisition computer queries the distance measuring device over an RS 232 serial port Several vendors provide this type of equipment and calibration of the distance should be performed to their specifications This gives the driver a single calibrated readable control for repositioning Internal Diagnostics To assist in interchannel calibration and troubleshooting malfunctions the capability to inject a known signal into the input of the signal conditioning circuitry is included This function tests the signal conditioning analog multiplexer programmable gain and A D boards for proper fun
45. on with the user By breaking software functions into separate programs functions are easily added or modified system maintenance and testing are simplified and hardware requirements are minimized H Analysis Functions Plotting Data Acquisition Hardware and Software q _ _ Sp E gt Data Transfer Program Execution Path Path Figure 1 1 Diagram of general SPA structure A single main controller program handles user interaction and command execution User Interface Appearance The interactive controller program presents options to the user through a set of three types of screens These three screens are for menu choices dialogue interaction and list selection Output to the user is in the form of tables and graphs Graphic display of data is a strong requirement consequently a graphic interface is used The software will support Hercules color graphics adaptor CGA enhanced graphics adaptor EGA and video graphics adaptor VGA monochrome or color displays The menu screen lets the user select one of a set options for immediate action A sample menu for the main level of the interactive controller program is shown in figure 1 2 The menu is outlined with a double line while a single line box indicates the menu option ready to be selected Selection of one of these options may execute another of the three interactive screen types or some other specific action A return lt RET gt key selects the a
46. perature accelerometer load cell and geophone conditioning multiplexer and gain control circuits distance measuring and internal diagnostic circuits Signal Conditioning Signal conditioning circuits include geophone conditioning accelerometer and load cell conditioning and temperature corrections These circuits are differentiated based on the level of signal the transducer produces the output impedance of the transducer and the type of circuit required for conditioning 51 A channel of the geophone signal conditioning uses two operational amplifiers U4B USA upper half figure A 5 This amplifier gain may be adjusted by changing a resister to account for different geophones that may be used in the system The circuit converts the moderate geophone impedance to a low impedance output signal that will not influence the analog multiplexer includes output offset adjustment to maximize digitized dynamic range and includes a low pass filter to minimize high frequency interference and aliasing A sample of the accelerometer and load cell signal conditioning circuits lower half figure A 5 uses two operational amplifiers U3 U4A for conditioning a transistor array U1 for a constant current source and a comparator chip U2 to monitor the accelerometer connections The amplifier gain is also adjustable to account for different accelerometer sensitivities that might be used in the system It also converts the high accelerometer and
47. plate that creates the main controller menu figure 1 2 is shown in figure 6 1 A description of the significance of each entry follows Line 1 Entry 1 Left edge of menu in percent of screen size Entry 2 Top edge of menu in percent of screen size Entry 3 Right edge of menu in percent of screen size Entry 4 Bottom edge of menu in percent of screen size Entry 5 Foreground color 1 default Entry 6 Background color 1 default Entry 7 Text color 1 default Entry 8 Line width 1 default Line 2 Entry 1 Lower left title position X percent of menu size Entry 2 Lower left title position Y percent of menu size Entry 3 Title text string Line 3 Entry 1 File name allowed but is not used in menus 36 Line 4 Entry 1 Menu text position X percent of menu size Entry 2 Menu text position Y percent of menu size Entry 3 1 nonmenu text string 0 menu text string gt 0 X dialogue position percent of menu size Entry 4 Menu text string for Acquisition option Line 5 Entry 1 Text string returned to software upon selecting this menu option file name for the Acquisition template file Line 6 7 Menu item and template file for Analysis Line 8 9 Menu item and template file for Table Setup Line 10 11 Menu item and help file for Help option Line 12 13 Menu item for Exit with no text returned Dialogues A sample of a dialogue template for the temperature calibration menu is shown in figure 6 2 The struct
48. porting selections The Table Setup option generally includes all types of analyses and calculations that may be performed routinely In the current version the Analysis options SASW Inversion and 21 Distress Identification are not included They will be added as routine functions when they can be run without user intervention The structure of these options has been designed so that the computer screen shows technicians performing routine data collection the quantity and level of information required to perform the job successfully at their training level The project engineer reviewing data after collection requires a different quantity and level of information from the data base Provision is also made in these options for the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA to be repaired or to perform in a suspect state of repair Extensive diagnostics are also available Screen Reporting Upon selection of the Screen Reporting menu item a menu is brought to the screen figure 5 2 that breaks the Report category into three options Diagnostic Level Plot Display and Parameter Display A list of options for diagnostic reporting is given in figure 5 3 SCREEN REPORT OPTIONS Diagnostic Level Plot Display Parameter Display Figure 5 2 Menu options permitting selection of specific types of screen reports Different levels of condition messages are available under the Diagnostic Level option Under Suggest Repairs serious malfunctions that
49. prevent collection of good measurements are reported Message Malfunction Warning reports instrument conditions that might lead to degradation of data quality but that do not necessarily require immediate attention Full Status Report lists all negative status conditions in the hardware which are useful in repair or field checking before initiating a project The Plot Display and Parameter Display options currently perform no function having been tentatively superseded by the Display Measurements function These functions can be 28 performed by loading data sets in a spreadsheet The options have not been removed from the software in the event these two functions are not adequate DIAGNOSTIC LEVELS Suggest Repairs Malfunction Warning Full Status Report Figure 5 3 List of options for diagnostics to be displayed to the user during data collection and instrument testing available under either data base or screen reporting options The currently active option is highlighted by the box when it is accessed Data Base Reporting Selection of the Data Base Reporting option figure 5 1 will bring up a menu shown in figure 5 4 Data base and record formats are not standard among prospective users so records and tables are formatted for compatibility with several commercial personal computer PC data base packages DATA BASE REPORTING Diagnostic Level Parameter Archive Standard Formats Figure 5 4 Menu selections to set
50. quisition Mode option brings up a menu allowing you to select between two options figure 5 11 ACQUISITION MODE Remote Acquisition Local Acquisition Figure 5 11 Menu to permit selection of whether acquisition is made using two computers connected by modem Remote or by one computer Local Selection of the Remote Acquisition option figure 5 11 assumes that the user interface software resides on a different computer than the data acquisition software and that the two are connected through a cable or through modems and a phone line Selection of the Local Acquisition option assumes that the data acquisition software and user interface are on the same computer 34 Menu and Interpretation Templates This section describes the structure of the user accessible files that define the functions and actions of the user interface software This section is of use to those who need to translate the user interface into a different language to modify the menus or to change the result of choosing a specific menu option Three types of interactions have been defined between the user and the interface software selection of an item from a menu entry or modification of values in a dialogue and activation of multiple entries from a list of items Each of the screen displays for these interactions is controlled by a specific file named with a specific three letter disk operating system DOS file type with a special structure Informatio
51. rements SASW Inversion and Distress Identification functions all operate on the most recently collected measurement Review or analysis of previously collected data sets is accessed through the Select Measurements option The program remains in that mode until new data collection occurs Select Measurements Selection of the Select Measurements entry brings up a list menu of previously collected and unarchived data in the currently active project directory figure 4 2 See chapter 5 about the Project Directory selection option for instructions on how to select this option Specific measurements may be toggled between active for analysis and inactive to be ignored Measurements are identified by a unique number called a tag time and distance The measurements that are shown in this list menu can come from two sources Data that have been recently collected and not yet loaded into the data base manager will be displayed in this list In addition if data are retrieved from the data base manager into the appropriate project directory it will be available for display or analysis through this list DEMONSTRATION DATA Inactive Active Figure 4 2 List menu for selecting data sets to be reviewed plotted or analyzed Display Measurements Selection of the Display Measurements option brings up an experimental graph summarizing the modulus and thickness measurements made by the Seismic Pavement Analyzer SPA Figure 4 3 shows a samp
52. ta may be used for later detailed interpretations for comparison with core samples or for detailed diagnosis of equipment operation Restraint should be exercised in using this option as up to 400 kilobytes of data are saved to disk with each operation Hardware Diagnostics Selection of the Hardware Diagnostics option will replace accelerometers and geophones with hardware calibration signals and error testing software This function has been designed built and tested but is not yet routinely available 18 Calibration Selection of the Calibration option will bring up another menu figure 3 2 from which specific calibration procedures may be selected Time intervals for calibration have not yet been determined as no changes in calibration have been observed to date The Distance calibration sequence will be incorporated in purchased hardware from a commercial vendor of vehicle mounted distance meters CALIBRATION MENU Velocity Temperature Figure 3 2 Menu for selection of specific calibration options The single line box highlights the selected option The Velocity calibration requires a standard slab of known compressional velocity The Seismic Pavement Analyzer is lowered onto the standard slab and the Velocity option is selected The menu shown in figure 3 3 is brought up listing source detector spacings in dialogue entries for verification and also requesting the velocity of the standard slab in a dialogue entry
53. the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 The assistance of SHRP staff is highly acknowledged Brian Cox was the project manager Don Harriott and Shashikant Shah were always available for advice Valuable insight given to the project by the Expert Task Group is highly appreciated Mike Markow and Ken Maser were the technical consultants to SHRP Mari Carrillo Cindy Edgar and Jessica Gough assisted in completing reports throughout this project 111 Contents Acknowledgements os u AA a ed SRA OD Bee e 111 A A vil A O AAA 1 EXCCULIVE SUIMINALY Sia dc baku a a SS upo RS z SUQ 3 ve OD EEN 5 User Interface Appearance 6 Software Structure Philosophy 8 Hardware Reguirements 9 2 Start up and Main Menu Operations 11 EUP A A Ad oe dE ee Be ua SS ah 11 ACQUISICON et e hide das hee p omnis Cg e de ica er ee 12 A A a hay Sue eee ae es GE eek 2 a a em a Q e SQ 13 TaD NEE EE 13 HS Say toa SR Ho pay nie Sah ow sk ao he 2 b S D a s ae tea Oe ee 14 A Bee ee unum usa bae u ha te a tert ey E ae EN ek 15 E E WEE ae 2 anga S Be ere ee od 2 sh a Bor id ee Oe 2 252 17 Data Acquisition 18 DAVE WAVIU EIA ENEE 18 Hardware Diagnostics 18 CAMDEN a 2 a 2 Sa a dos E E 19 Select Measurements
54. toff switch is attached to the tow vehicle parking brake If the parking brake is not set the trailer control electronics will not be powered up This cutoff should help prevent movement of the trailer while the transducers and sources are in the lowered position The Seismic Pavement Analyzer software is located in the subdirectory named c pavement Upon starting the computer the following three disk operating system DOS commands in bold type will bring up the software for use DOS gt c DOS gt cd pavement DOS gt userint 11 These commands may be typed by the user or inserted in the autoexec bat file for automatic execution when the computer is turned on The main menu figure 1 2 should now appear on your screen In the event the Seismic Pavement Analyzer software does not start refer to appendix B for troubleshooting As described briefly in the introduction the Seismic Pavement Analyzer software is designed to be used by three classes of users the technician performing routine data collection the engineer or technician setting up the machine for data collection and the engineer performing interactive data collection or research The structure of the main menu shown in figure 2 1 reflects this division of function Acquisition The first menu option figure 2 1 Acquisition contains four suboptions necessary for the technician performing routine data collection The following three suboptions are available under the
55. u for selection of specific calibration options 19 Velocity calibrationmenu 20 Menu entries for temperature calibration 20 vii 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 5 1 5 2 NI 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 viii Menu options for controlling analysis and data plotting software List menu for selecting data sets to be reviewed plotted or analyzed Sample schematic pavement cross section description Menu options for setting up the SASW Inversion for shear velocity and Young s Modulus profile with depth Menu options for setting up the distress identification interpretation module Sample diagnosis fora measurement Menu options for setting up default data collection display and EE SCIECHONS dad bana u ura oe aOR pe SRS Menu options permitting selection of specific types of screen reports List of options for diagnostics to be displayed to the user during data collection and instrument testing available under either data base or screen reporting Options Menu selections to set up data base entries documenting test conditions results and diagnostics List of options for measurements to be collected Menu
56. ure and significance of the first two lines are the same as for the menu template of figure 6 1 Line 3 contains the file name of default and modified values for the dialogue items A sample of this file is shown in figure 6 3 10 30 90 70 1 1 1 1 Line 1 40 10 TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION MENU Line 2 temp val Line 3 60 30 95 Cold Bath Temperature Line 4 CBT Line 5 60 70 95 Hot Bath Temperature Line 6 HBT Line 7 20 30 O Cold Bath Sample Line 8 Some message to data acquisition Line 9 20 70 O Hot Bath Sample Line 10 Another message to data acquisition Line 11 Figure 6 2 Dialogue template for the temperature calibration menu 37 Line 1 2 As defined for figure 6 1 Line 3 Entry 1 File containing dialogue values Lines 4 7 Dialogue entries as defined for figure 6 1 Lines 8 11 Menu entries as defined for figure 6 1 2 Line Cold Bath Temperature Line 3 4 Line Hot Bath Temperature Line 98 4 Line Ol d LA N F Figure 6 3 Value file for the temperature calibration menu The value file contains two types of entries for dialogues The first line contains the default or last chosen option The next time this dialogue file is accessed the previously used menu option is the first available Lines 2 and 3 contain the dialogue entry label and value The label is not specifically used in the menu Rather it is written so that the value file is readable and not context specific when programs read parameters from the file Lists
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