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Bode 100 User Manual (High Resolution)

1. 144 146 USB CADIE cara ride 14 17 179 Connector aasan anaana eaa 17 181 interface carta ai 10 13 17 specification o o oooo o 13 user calibration 32 90 91 94 99 133 VOWR e 36 44 56 69 73 77 window Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 67 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode 79 Frequency Sweep mode 47 Gain Phase mode 19 Impedance Reflection mode 35 189 Bode 100 User Manual 190
2. TR2 Reflection Export Traces Data Result The group delay 7 at the series resonance frequency of the quartz filter is 263 044 us Due to the high attenuation at the parallel resonance frequency it is not possible to measure the group delay at the quartz filter s parallel resonance Y our result might be slightly different because even quartz filters show variations in their electrical characteristics 16 For the measurement of the series resistance of the quartz filter we will use the Smith chart The Smith chart displays the reflection coefficient see Eq 4 3 on page 36 in the complex plane The horizontal axis represents the real component and the vertical axis the imaginary component of the DUT s reflection coefficient The central point of the Smith chart corresponds to the case when the DUT s impedance equals the reference resistance and Frequency Sweep Mode consequently the reflection coefficient is zero Additionally the Smith chart contains circles with constant resistance R and constant reactance X This diagram format allows an easy translation of any point of the reflection coefficient curve into the corresponding DUT s impedance The cursor values displayed in the Smith chart format are the real and imaginary components of the corresponding DUT s impedance For more information on the Smith chart refer to the relevant technical literature 17 In the lower graph you see the Smith chart showing
3. Table 1 1 EN IEC 61326 1 EMC requirements Class B equipment Performance criterion B EN IEC 61010 4 61010 1 Safety requirements requirements Universal Serial Bus cn Specification a interface Revision 1 1 and Revision 2 0 1 5 Normative Conformity The Bode 100 conforms to the following normative documents of the EU Table 1 2 Conformity documents re LVD Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2006 95 EC 12 December 2006 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits codified version EMC Directive of the European parliament and of the council of 2004 108 EC 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89 336 EEC 1 6 Test Compliance The Bode 100 passed the tests according to the EN IEC 61010 1 IEC 61326 13 Bode 100 User Manual Bode 100 multifunctional Bode 100 CD ROM Wide range AC power vector network analyzer supply including mains input plugs for different national standards Q Test objects on a PCB USB cable 4 x BNC 50 2 cable quartz filter IF filter m m BNC short circuit m The delivered items may differ slightly from the picture BNC 50 Q load m Bode 100 User Manual introduction 1 8 Additional Accessories The following additional accessories are available for pur
4. Trace 1 TRI Color O Click Gain Reflection Impedance or Admittance to select the Measurement Gain respective trace 1 measurement Display Data Display See Data and Memory on Format HagidbB page 134 Select the output format of trace 1 Ymax 30 07 db measurement results mir 02 93 dB ET Set the maximum value on Scale Lin the trace 1 Y axis C Log TRI Set the minimum value on C LoglTAR1l the trace 1 Y axis Data gt Memory Data gt Memon See Data and Memory on page 134 Main For the Advanced tab see Figure 5 5 Advanced trace settings on M Trace 2 TR2 page Color Measurement Reflection Display Daa Format IMag dB max 124 84 dB Ymir 42 26dB Scale Lin CC LogTR2 C Log TR Data gt Memory Main Hint The Trace 2 settings are as for Trace 1 49 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 5 5 Advanced trace settings Select the check box to activate trace 1 Select the check box to switch the unwrapped phase on See 10 3 Unwrapped Phase on page 144 Trace 1 TR1 Unwrapped Phase Unwrapped Phase M Begin 100 000 kHz End 40 000 MHz I Set the frequency from which the unwrapped phase measurement begins See 10 3 Unwrapped Phase on page 144 Set the frequency from which the phase is shown wrapped again See 10 3 Unwrapped Phase on page 144 Main Advanced Click the Advanced tab Trace 2
5. 109 Bode 100 User Manual 110 8 7 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode By calibrating the Bode 100 in the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode you remove the effects of the connection setup on the accuracy of the measurement results To measure the impedance of a DUT connected to the impedance adapter the calibration point needs to be at the impedance adapters connectors Therefore calibration is mandatory before performing a measurement In the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode you can perform only Impedance Reflection measurements Therefore only the Impedance calibration is available in this mode To calibrate the Bode 100 in the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode 1 Click the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter toolbar button Fi to switch to the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode 2 Click the User Calibration toolbar button lt User calibration Or the Probe Calibration toolbar button Probe Caibration to open the corresponding calibration window User Calibration Impedance dapter Bain Phaze Impedance Connect the corresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced OF Cancel Help Calibrating the Bode 100 3 Connect the impedance adapter used for the measurement to the Bode 100 4 If you use the B SMC impedance adapter separate its DUT connectors by using the small jumper delivered with the ad
6. Data gt Memory Advanced Trace 1A2 Mair Color Measurement Impedance Display Daa Format Polar v max 100 00 Ohmi ror 100 00 Ohmi Data gt Memory ha ain 74 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode DBR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 2054 44 23 D a 0 0 HENMaA 2 User Calibration SAIN OFF A Probe Calibration SAIN OFF IMP OFF Xqa Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X M Sweep Frequency Trace 1 Y Trace 2 WM Trace1 TR1 Start Frequency 8 700 MHz Color MA Stop Frequency 12 700 MHz Measurement Reflection 7 Displ D t y Center Frequency 10 700 MHz isplay Data Format VSWR y Span 4 000 MHz y a ho Sweep Mode Linear 7 Yimin 1 02 Y Scale Lin Number of Points 201 y Log TAH Log TRI1 Data gt Memory Configuration Main Level 0 00 dBm MV Trace 2 TR2 Attenuator CH1 20 dB v 4 Coor MOM 10M 11M Attenuator CH2 20 dB f Hz Measurement Impedance gt TR1 VSWR Reflecti 3 Receiver Bandwidth fi kHz y on Display Data Y Format Polar y Measurement Ymax 4 46 Ohm Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Ymin 4 46 Ohm Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup C Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data eee TR2 Impedance AYG OFF TR2 AVG Off l fl Fal In the upper graph you
7. Figure 10 32 Original characteristic Shaped Level File Tools Help 3 OK Pf Cancel ou Print Le Print Preview 177 Output Level Reference Level 0 00 dBm Frequency Delta Level Output Level 10 000 kHz 5 00 dB 5 00 dBm 40 000 kHz 10 00 dE 10 00 dEm 50 000 kHz 5 00 dE 5 00 dEm 100 000 kHz 6 00 dB 6 00 dBm 13 00 dB 13 00 dBm The figure shows the output level frequency characteristic before clicking Set as First 167 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 10 33 Characteristic with Shaped Level changed slope File Tools Help or PM cancel u Print Le Print Preview Gl Output Level Reference Level 0 00 dBm Frequency E Delta Level a Output Level CT a CC nat oa sn aim O O TT se 500 atm wom wB ondan n The figure shows the output level frequency characteristic after clicking Set as First 168 Advanced Functions 10 8 Source Control The Bode Analyzer Suite provides control of the Bode 100 output source With this function you can switch the output source on and off The source control is useful if for example some sensitive measurement objects should not be permanently exposed to the output signal of the Bode 100 To access the source control 1 Click Device Co
8. B basics Bode Analyzer Suite 117 Gain Phase mode 22 Impedance Reflection mode 36 BNC CADIS fe wince inate wee ola ase toate 14 CONMCCIOR 32 24 aia oa 181 o A bce ale edie eee teen 14 43 SNOM CIRCUIT es des ae aed 14 straight adapter 14 31 62 100 107 Tadapler crias 14 C calibration Gain Phase 31 32 92 96 Impedance 62 64 97 102 106 109 RN 110 116 A A eh i 89 probe 32 89 90 91 94 99 USEF arrasa 32 90 91 94 99 133 CD ROM unica idas a a 14 17 configuration Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 69 72 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode 80 82 Frequency Sweep mode 52 55 Gain Phase mode 27 30 Impedance Reflection mode 41 43 connector DC power supply 182 INPUF CHI essa arica anc ak ob 12 INPUT CHAZ it daa 12 QUTPUT 7255 dz teed Sores ii 12 USB coi dd is 17 181 cursor functions 58 59 E EN AEC 61010 1 wdc ote roca Hee Sew Sela 13 ENIEC 61326 1 2222054 as 13 equivalent circuit 37 39 external coupler 67 69 106 F filter AS 14 26 32 39 44 69 77 97 103 QUERZ tibet ae gad 14 52 66 135 139 frequency range Changing 0005 120 179 G group delay 22 52 60 187 Bode 100 User Manual H NONE Kt dhs eit e wie A E 185
9. open circuit voltage of the source Vin voltage at the DUT s input Vou Voltage at the channel 1 input Voy Voltage at the channel 2 input Zy Input impedance of the DUT Rs 90 Q source resistance Assumptions for measuring Si e The source with resistance R 50 Q is connected to port i e 90 Q load receiver resistance at port j measuring V any other ports of the DUT are terminated with 50 Q e Connections are made with 50 Q cables Gain Phase Mode 3 1 1 Internal Reference Connection The basic formulas for the internal reference connection are summarized below Note In the internal reference connection mode of the Bode 100 the reference voltage for the gain phase measurement is always V 2 Table 3 1 Formulas for Internal Reference Connection Channel 2 Input Resistance igh Impedance Eq 3 6 Vor Eq 3 7 _ 5 QUT 2 FORE V Vom Vo CH1 s f of the DUT Eq 3 11 2 e LOUT o IN _ Eq 3 12 Vy ZAR Fom H f Zi IN H f 2 o H f Zn Ry Eq 3 13 If you make a through connection If you make a through connection from the source to CH 2 from the source to CH 2 0 dB gain will be displayed since 6 dB gain will be displayed since Vem Ko 2 Yom Yo 3 1 2 External Reference Connection Independent of the selected input impedance at the channel 1 and channel 2 inputs the following formulas apply Vom Lin Eq 3 14 Vou Your Eq 3 15 V V
10. 5 C 73 F 18 F Relative humidity 20 90 non condensing Operating 20 80 non condensing 183 Bode 100 User Manual 13 6 Mechanical Data Table 13 6 Mechanical data Characteristic Dimensions w x h x d 26 x 5 x 26 5 cm 10 25 x 2 x 10 5 Weight lt 2 kg 4 4 Ibs Hint You can find more technical data on the OMICRON Lab Web site www omicron lab com 184 Contact Information Technical Support Contact Information Technical Support E Mail support omicron lab com Web www omicron lab com or contact the following OMICRON electronics customer service centers Europe Africa Middle East OMICRON electronics GmbH Oberes Ried 1 A 6833 Klaus Austria Phone 43 5523 507 333 Fax 43 5523 507 999 Asia Pacific OMICRON electronics Asia Ltd Suite 2006 20 F Tower 2 The Gateway Harbour City Kowloon Hong Kong S A R Phone 852 2634 0377 Fax 852 2634 0390 North and South America OMICRON electronics Corp USA 12 Greenway Plaza Suite 1510 Houston TX 77046 USA Phone 1 713 830 4660 or 7 800 OMICRON Fax 1 713 830 4661 Alternatively visit our Web site www omicron lab com for customer service centers in your area 185 OMICRON Lab Contact Addresses This page intentionally left blank 186 Index A address manufacturer 185 admittance 4d Bates Saks Bee ee 36 automation interface 175 177 AVEO il ae A 149 152
11. Advanced Functions To get back a predefined number of measurement points select the corresponding entry in the Number of Points list Figure 10 19 Selecting a predefined OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode number of File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help measurement points 0944 44 24 N a Oo a User Calibration Art a Probe Calibration N OFF IMP OFF Xy Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X M Sweep Trace 2 11 996950 MHz 0 735 dB Start Frequency 11 980 MHz 12 020500 MHz 86 089 dB Stop Frequency 12 040 MHz 23 550 kHz 85 354 dB Center Frequency 12 010 MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear v Number of Points LELNI Configuration Level Attenuator CH1 Attenuator CH2 Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 99M 4 12 02M TR1 Mag Gain Source On 143 Bode 100 User Manual 144 10 3 Unwrapped Phase The Unwrapped Phase function is available in all frequency sweep modes E and 52 Usually the phase is displayed between 180 3 14159 rad By using the Unwrapped Phase function you can display the phase continuously In some applications such as calculation of the phase delay times for example for filters an unwrapped continuous display of the phase is very useful To activate the Unwrapped Phase function 1 In the trace settings area of the Bode Analyzer Suite wi
12. H Hy f 22 Tour Eq 3 16 CHI YIN 23 Bode 100 User Manual 3 2 Choosing the Reference Connection Open the Configuration window by clicking Device Configuration on the Configuration menu or the Device Configuration toolbar button see 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement on page 26 By default the Device Configuration tab is selected To connect the reference internally set the marked configuration field as shown below Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup _ Auto RECENER 1 pro RECEIMWER 2 110 720 MHz f On Bandwidth DUT delay 10 00 s Measurement period Internal lt E me reference i Level 10 00 dEm OUTPUT Note The source signal is internally connected to the channel 1 input CH1 in front of the 50 source resistor channel 1 voltage V Y 2 as defined in 3 1 Basics on page 22 24 Gain Phase Mode To connect the reference externally 1 Set the marked configuration field as shown in the following figure Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Auto RECENER 1 P RECEIWER 2 110 720 MHz On Bandwidth DUT delay 0 00 s Measurement period External SE me reference OUTPUT Note The source signal is externally connected to the channel 1 input CH1 behind the 50 Q source resistor channel 1 voltage Voy V as defined in 3 1 Basics on page 22 2 Connect the reference point of the DUT to the I
13. Mag Gain Display Data gt Format Smith Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data Results Cursor 1 marks the series resonance frequency of 11 997 MHz and an attenuation at the series resonance frequency of 0 722 dB Cursor 2 marks the parallel resonance frequency of 12 020 MHz and an attenuation at the parallel resonance frequency of 81 848 dB 59 Bode 100 User Manual 60 15 To measure the group delay of the quartz filter at its series resonance frequency select Tg in the Format list The following figure shows the group delay measured by Trace 1 at the series resonance frequency marked by cursor 1 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 0544 48 23 Pl a o HENO A A User Calibration ON Probe Calibration Xj2 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 W Trace 1 TR1 11 996950 MHz 263 044 ps 58 897 Q 776 622 m 12 020350 MHz 1 350ms 210 784 mQ 244 0039 Color MA delta C2 C1 23 400 kHz 1 613 ms 58 686 Q 243 226 Q Measurement Gain Y Display Data Ymax 1279 20 ps Ymin 1 37 ms Y Scale Lin C Log TRI C LogITR1l Data gt Memory Main M Trace 2 TR2 Color a buy Measurement Reflection vw TR1 Tg Gain Display Daa Format Smith y Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup Auto Always Two Diagrams
14. TR1 Mag Gain So TR1 01 10 22 OFF Source On 150 i Advanced Functions Fifth sweep 4otri o0 The displayed curve is a curve averaged over the first five sweeps a Eq 10 3 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite C Documents and Settings BerBau00 Desktop BodeTestSetting Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help Dee amp AB M a Oe JOFF IMP OF cas Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP C X 2 Trace Functions TR1 AVG ON TR2 AVG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 P Trace 1781 2 ef ao E User Calibration SAI Color B delta C2 C1 Measurement Gain y Display Data y Format Magde y Ymax 27 54 dB Y min 121 97 48 Y Scale Lin C LogTR1 Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory TF Trace 2 TR2 Measurement Gain Y Display 9 5M 10 0M i f j ways Two Diagrams TR1 Mag Gain Export Traces Data So TRI 05 10 2 Off Source On 151 Bode 100 User Manual Tenth sweep and up 35 11 1050 The displayed curve is a curve averaged over the last ten sweeps 10 G Eq 10 4 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite C Documents and Settings BerBau00 Wesktop Bode IestSetting Bode SEE File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 04 44 2134 PJ 2 0 0 IOFF IMP OF TA Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF X49 Trace Functions TRI AVG ON TR2 AVG OFF X Frequency Tracel Trace2 o _ Trace 1 TR1 Color u delta C2
15. TR2 Unwrapped Phase Unwrapped Phase a Begin 100 000 kHz M End 40 000 MHz M Man Advanced Hint The Trace 2 settings are as for Trace 1 90 Frequency Sweep Mode Figure 5 6 Diagram setup Click Auto to display both traces in one diagram if this is possible Diagram Setup Auto Always Two Diagrams Click Always Two Diagrams to display the traces in two separate diagrams Note Diagram Setup is only available if both traces are activated 51 Bode 100 User Manual l 52 9 1 Example Frequency Sweep Measurement Expected example duration 30 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Frequency Sweep mode of the Bode 100 How to Visualize measurement data in a graph Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth Set sweep parameters like start and stop frequencies Use cursors to read single measurement points Calibrate and compensate the cables Let s examine the12 MHz quartz filter on the delivered printed circuit board PCB Questions How does the gain of the quartz filter look like if displayed as a function of frequency How does the reflection coefficient of the quartz filter look in the Smith chart What are the filter s series resonance and the parallel resonance frequencies What is the attenuation of the quartz filter at its series resonance What is the group delay 7 of the quartz filter
16. 100 measures the impedance admittance and reflection coefficient of passive and active electronic circuits An internal circuitry facilitates performing measurements by just connecting the device under test DUT to the Bode 100 source Frequency Sweep measurements In addition to single frequency measurements the Bode 100 performs measurements in the Frequency Sweep mode In this measurement mode the Bode 100 is capable of measuring the complex gain reflection coefficient and impedance of the DUT The results are displayed as a function of the frequency in various display formats such as group delay curves or Smith charts Frequency Sweep External Coupler measurements In this measurement mode you can measure the complex impedance admittance and reflection coefficient of the DUT by using an external directional coupler or other external measurement bridge Typical application examples include measurements of broadcast antennas and impedance measurements with signal levels above 20 mW Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter measurements In this measurement mode you can measure the impedance of wired components and surface mounted components by using the B WIC and B SMC impedance adapters see 1 8 Additional Accessories on page 15 respectively The measurement results are available on your computer for processing and or documentation Bode 100 User Manual The Bode 100 includes a DDS direct digital synthesis signal source with
17. 2 User Calibration SAIN OFF IMP OFF Probe Calibration GAIN OFF Zaz Trace Functions TRI AVG OFF TR2AVG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 7 Trace 1 TRI 11 996950 MHz 57 158 2 2 786 2 12 020350 MHz 226 064 Q 8 527 kQ Color de delta C2 C1 23 400 kHz 168 906 Q 8 530 kQ Measurement Gan y pere CP Format Mag d8 Ymin 1 100 00 dB Scale Lin C LogTR1 Log TRI Data gt Memory Advanced W Trace 2 TR2 Measurement Reflection al 57 1580 Ohm 2 7859 Ohm 2 Display Data z 500 226 0638 Ohm 38 5273 kOhm 150 20250 50 1 02 Format Smith y Data gt Memory potes Setup iy Suto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data 13 Calculation of the series resistance R at the series resonance frequency To calculate the series resistance of the quartz filter you need to subtract 65 Bode 100 User Manual Frequency sweepers have an easier time to get the picture 66 50 from the real part measured with cursor 1 The reason for this is that the reflection measurement circuit sees the quartz filter in series with the 50 Q termination of the channel 2 input The Trace 2 columns of the cursor table display the real and imaginary parts of the measurement results at the frequencies marked by the cursors Result R 57 158 Q 50 Q 7 158 Q Your result may slightly differ because every quartz filter and measurement setup is different Congratulation You lear
18. Calibration IMP OFF User Calibration and l l Probe Calibration If both the User Calibration and the Probe Calibration are activated the more accurate User Calibration is used If measurement parameters are changed and the User Calibration becomes void the Bode 100 switches automatically to the Probe Calibration the User Calibration remains switched off until the Bode 100 is recalibrated 8 2 Calibration in the Gain Phase Mode Internal Reference Connection For calibrating the Bode 100 in the Gain Phase mode you find a practical example in 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement on page 26 Note The Probe Calibration is performed in the same way as the User Calibration 91 Bode 100 User Manual 8 3 Calibration in the Gain Phase Mode External Reference Connection To compensate for the cable and connection setup effects in the Gain Phase mode proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 and start the Bode Analyzer Suite Select the Gain Phase mode OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help AS 0474 44 24 M o PE R E E User Calibration SN Probe Calibration Source Result Source Frequency 1 110 MHz Mag dB v 97 263 dB Phase hd 30 522 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 120 dB v Attenuator CH2 120 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 11 kHz v 2 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button to open
19. IF filter 14 26 32 39 44 69 77 97 103 Impedance 0000 o 36 impedance adapters 15 79 88 installation sua ada 17 L level shaping o oooooo 164 174 manufacturer address 185 MaL FOI aree ies 153 measurement range 120 179 A 54 159 i eea e a A A 153 mode Full Speed 22 653 bts eke dia 120 High Speed o o ooooooooo 120 O OMICRON Lab address 185 188 P POlaFQUIVE anadir tad DAORA 15 power supply 14 17 179 182 powering ii is 17 print function o ooooooooo 118 probe calibration 32 89 90 91 94 99 Q duality facto sz 32m ere Bede a es 39 quartz filter 14 52 66 135 139 R receiver bandwidth 20 54 76 105 181 reference conductance 36 A 6 4 b eta eee 36 resistance 36 44 56 60 73 reference connection OXTOIMal fico cus dee dm dit ad 25 Menma nissan 24 reflection coefficient 36 39 44 52 61 98 103 RLC Q Sweep sawn ds nea aude 160 163 S shaped level 164 174 SMCI sia as daa 9 52 65 source control 169 170 standard compliance 13 SUDDO v dto dido o en ode 185 y technical support o o 185 trace functions Average s0 iain s Y Bases 149 152 Max OIG ii acy ao aos 153 Min Hold sx sumida daa its 153 U Unwrapped Phase
20. TR1 10 706563 MHz 24 694 dB 11 014356 MHz 48 973 dB Color MA Measurement Gain Display Data Format Magde y Ymax 20 00 dB Ymin 11297 48 Start Frequency 9 950 MHz Stop Frequency 11 450 MHz Center Frequency 10 700 MHz Span 1 500 MHz Sweep Mode Linear v Y Scale Lin Number of Points 11601 y C Log TR1 C Log TRI1 Data gt Memory Main MV Trace 2 TR2 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 120 dB y Color ae 10 0M 10 5M 11 0M Attenuator CH2 20 dB v f HZ Measurement Reflection w TR1 Mag Gain Daa Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v ooo Data Format Mag dB Measurement Ymax 24 70 dB Reference Resistance 50 00 Q E oo MEL 30 Y Scale Lin 3 C LogTR2 Dg C Log ITR2I N 34 Qe Data gt Memory 36 38 ain Advanced 40 Diagram Setup 42 C Auto 10 0M 10 5M Always Two Diagrams f HZ vent 307C Diagram setup Export traces data See Figure 5 6 Diagram Export traces as CSV file setup on page 51 See 9 4 2 Exporting Measurement Data on page 122 Note Only window areas specific for the Frequency Sweep mode are explained here For window areas common to other measurement modes see Figure 3 1 Gain Phase mode window on page 19 and Figure 4 1 Impedance Reflection mode window on page 35 47 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 5 2 Sweep settings Figure 5 3 Cursor settings 48 In the Frequency S
21. VSWR v Measurement Ymax 2 50 Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Ymin 1 00 Y Scale Lin Log TR2 C Log ITR2I Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup Auto Sweep 2M 4M Always Two Diagrams f Hz a Export Traces Data Note The window areas and screen elements in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode are the same as in the Frequency Sweep mode For their description see Figure 5 1 Frequency Sweep mode window on page 47 Ei In the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode you can perform a sequence of Impedance Reflection measurements by using an external directional coupler only or in combination with an external amplifier For some impedance measurement applications it is beneficial to use external couplers for an optimum adaptation of the Bode 100 to the test object see Figure 6 2 Connecting external coupler below Further on impedance measurements on some test objects such as medium wave antenna systems require higher signal levels than provided by the Bode 100 By using an external 67 Bode 100 User Manual coupler it is possible to utilize an external amplifier to boost the Bode 100 source signal to the required output level see Figure 6 3 Connecting external coupler and amplifier below Figure 6 2 Connecting external coupler ee r a aes o Figure 6 3 Connecting external coupler and amplifier A Bode 100 0 AD Hint By using an external amplifier and an external coupler
22. Ymin 126348 Y Scale Lin C LogTR1 C Log TRI Data gt Memory Main TT Trace 2 TR2 11 99M 12 00M TR1 Data Memory Mag Gain If the curve is above the O dB line the current measured data is higher than the stored measurement data If the curve is below the O dB line the currently measured data is lower than the stored measurement data Hint The Data Memory function allows you to detect even smallest differences between different parameters of the same component type e g comparison of two quartz filters of the same type Congratulation You learned how to use the data and memory functions in the Frequency Sweep mode How to e Copy the current measurement data to the trace memory e Compare the frequency responses e Detect even smallest differences between the current and stored measurement data by using the Data Memory display function 139 Bode 100 User Manual 10 2 Single Sweep DUT Delay Measurement Period Figure 10 16 DUT delay and Measurement period fields 140 Advanced Sweep Options In all frequency sweep modes EH and f you can choose between continuous sweep and single sweep M measurements In most applications it is recommended to use the continuous sweep measurement since all measurement data is periodically updated You can use the single sweep M measurement to capture one time events or to produce a stable curve before using the Copy or Copy with Settin
23. adjustable level and frequency for excitation of the DUT two receivers processing the DUT s response and a microcontroller A DC power converter generates voltages for powering the circuitry involved For the basic block diagram of the Bode 100 see Figure 1 1 Block diagram on page 11 The Bode Analyzer Suite runs on a computer connected to the Bode 100 through USB interface lo S Lo o pa 1 2 Block Diagram INdLNO L HO LNdNI CG HO LNdNI D O Do 5 O D O L 00 anos jeubis sqq JOAI9091 HO JOAI9001 Z HO L HO J9 OJJUODOJOI J9USAUOY Jamod Jq ody Cc HO 9g 19 UI asn indu Jamod 9q 11 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 1 2 Bode 100 front view Figure 1 3 Bode 100 rear view Connectors Caution To avoid damage of the Bode 100 check 13 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings on page 182 for maximum input signals at the INPUT CH 1 and INPUT CH 2 connectors and maximum reverse power at the OUTPUT connector The Bode 100 provides the following connectors e OUTPUT signal source output on the front panel e INPUT CH 1 channel 1 input on the front panel e INPUT CH 2 channel 2 input on the front panel e DC power input on the rear panel e USB connector on the rear panel OUTPUT INPUT CH1 INPUT CH 2 DC power input USB connector Introduction 1 4 Standard Compliance The Bode 100 complies with the following standards
24. area applies only to the graphical display Compare the sweep settings in Figure 10 7 Selecting the zoom area and Figure 10 8 Displaying the zoom area above they are identical To optimize the graphical display in both axes right click in the diagram and then click Optimize Alternatively you can reset the axes separately by using the X Axis and Y Axis commands To optimize or reset an axis right click in the diagram point to X Axis or Y Axis and then click the respective command to optimize or to zoom out the selected axis Advanced Functions Cursor 1 By using the Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 commands you can set the respective Cursor 2 cursor to the minimum and the maximum of a curve as follows 1 Right click a curve in the diagram 2 Pointto Cursor 1 or Cursor 2 and then click Jump to Max or Jump to Min to set the respective cursor to the maximum or the minimum of the curve Figure 10 9 Setting the cursor 1 to Zoom Mode the maximum Optimize Reset 4xes A AXIS Y Axis Jump to Min Cursor 2 F Jump to Max Copy Copy with Settings Hint If both traces are close together and are displayed in one diagram it might be difficult to select the curve you want to process In this case you can click Always Two Diagrams select the trace in the respective diagram and then set a cursor as described above Then you can switch back to one diagram display by clicking Auto Hint To set the cursor to a specific fre
25. at its series resonance What is the series resistance R of the quartz filter To find out the answers proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 to the computer and start the Bode Analyzer Suite 2 Click the Frequency Sweep toolbar button ES to switch to the Frequency Sweep mode 3 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button to configure the Frequency Sweep mode We want to measure the quartz filter with 50 Q load Frequency Sweep Mode 4 Set e SOURCE On or Auto e CH2 50 Q ON click the switch as shown Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement Gain Phase f mpedanceReflection Receiver RECEIVER 1 Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 E Hz DUT delay 0 00 3 Measurement period Internal 98 E9 me reference OUTPUT Hint In the Frequency Sweep mode the Bode 100 can measure the gain phase as well as the impedance reflection of the DUT versus frequency The Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection buttons in the Configuration window are just used to show the respective device configurations The buttons have no impact on the measurements performed by the Bode 100 you select the measurement in the Measurement lists in the Trace 1 and Trace 2 areas see Figure 5 4 Trace settings on page 49 To see the device configuration the Bode 100 uses for the Impedance Reflection measurement just click the Impedance Reflection button 53 Bode 100 User Manual Hint With a narrow re
26. enter the exact resistance of the load resistor H Advanced Load Resistor 50 00 amp Short Delay Time 50 00 ps Hint For more information on the advanced calibration settings see 8 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode on page 97 8 Click the Start button next to Load in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background Load 5 bart Performed 9 After the calibration has been finished the calibration window looks like shown below Probe Calibration Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perform Calibration M Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Open stat F erformed Short stat Performed Load stat Performed Advanced E O A aa Hint The warning symbol indicates that the load resistor and or the short delay time value differ from the factory settings 10 Click _ You have done the Impedance calibration in the Frequency Sweep mode 64 7 Frequency Sweep Mode 11 Reconnect the quartz filter to the Bode 100 as shown below 12 View the calibrated Smith chart OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help D a BS DD
27. of 48 796 Q and due to the very small positive phase shift a nearly pure resistive behavior T Bode 100 User Manual gt Sometimes external couplers help to make a match and to enhance the power Congratulation You learned how to use the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode How to Connect an external coupler Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth Calibrate and compensate the connection system Display reflection in VSWR format Display impedance in polar format Remove the effects of noise Go back to the Frequency Sweep External Coupler window in 6 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode on page 67 and try things out 78 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode 7 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode Figure 7 1 Frequency Sweep OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Impedance Adapter File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help mode window 0244428 2vP gt 2 eo ARR TA Probe Calibration Frequency 99 646 Hz 385 600 kHz ca User Calibration Sweep Trace 1 Start Frequency 10 000 Hz Stop Frequency 40 000 MHz Center Frequency 20 000005 MHz Span 39 999990 MHz Sweep Mode Logarithmic gt X12 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X Trace 2 3 048 mH 63 139 pH M Trace 1 TR1 Color ay Measurement Impedance y Display Data Format lls ss Ymax 673mH Y min 5 77mH Number of P
28. page 121 However we recommend to recalibrate the Bode 100 each time you start a new work session 9 4 2 Exporting Measurement Data In all frequency sweep modes EH and ff you can export the measurement data by clicking the Esport Traces Data button In addition to the trace measurement data all equipment settings are exported into a comma separated csv file This file format can be easily processed by standard spread sheet analysis tools such as Excel The csv file always contains the real and the imaginary part of the measured parameter e g gain Additionally the measurement data in the selected output format is included Figure 9 5 Displayed CSV file data Ox AD o 100427 _CSVexport TFfilter csv Microsoft Excel A Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data Review View Add Ins Acrobat 50 x A Calibri Ju i 5 Si General z Ea Conditional Formatting 3 Insert 2 Sr Fa 3 gt ae 9 E Format as Table 3 Delete 3 Paste g BPA e a a g 3 cell Styles El Format gt 2 Pier selects Clipboard Font a Alignment Number Styles Cells Editing R24 v a f A A B G D E 2 1 Measurement Setup u m l 2 Device Type Bode100 Serial Number CK177C Date 4 27 2010 Time 11 29 AM 3 Start Frequency 10 000 MHz Stop Frequency 11 500 MHz Number of Points 401 Sweep Mode Linear Reference Resistance 50 00 OF 4 Source Level 8 50 dBm Rece
29. see the reflection of the IF filter in VSWR format Even outside its passband the VSWR of the filter is quite good this indicates that the input impedance of the filter in the measured frequency range is very close to 50 2 in general The lower graphs shows the impedance of the IF filter in polar format the so called polar curve 19 Bode 100 User Manual Hint The effect of noise on the measurement results can be reduced by narrowing the receiver bandwidth by using less attenuation in the input channels and by increasing the signal level of the Bode 100 source output OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Ea tx File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help DSUS DM 0 0 2 User Calibration AIN OFF ON Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF Xq Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 Sweep WM Trace 1 TR1 Start Frequency 8 700 MHz Color MA Stop Frequency 12 700 MHz Measurement Reflection y Displ Dat y Center Frequency 10 700 MHz isplay Data Format VSWR y Span 4 000 MHz j no Ymax Sweep Mode Linear y Ymin 1 02 i Y Scale E Lin Number of Points 201 C LogTR1 i C LogiTR1l Data gt Memory Configuration Laval 13 00 dBm i Attenuator CH1 10 dB v M Trace 2 TR2 coto MN 9M 10M 11M Attenuator CH2 10 dB f Hz Measurement Impedance y TR1 VSWR Reflecti Data y Receiver B
30. series resistance shown in the upper graph shows a very high resistance at the resonance frequency But due to the linear scaling the graph does not show any detailed information for the rest of the curve Therefore we now set the scaling for the Y axis to logarithmic 86 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode 15 In the trace settings area of the Bode Analyzer Suite window click Log TR1 to display the graph in the logarithmic Y axis scale OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help Daea a amp Bia Pm 2 0 0 al E User Calibration Sweep Start Frequency 10 000Hz Stop Frequency 40 000 MHz Center Frequency 20 000005 MHz Span 39 999990 MHz Sweep Mode Logarithmic Number of Points 401 y E oe Configuration eei 13 00 dBm Receiver Bandwidth 100 Hz v Measurement EN Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 TR1 Ohm X Trace Functions TR1 AYG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X M Trace 1 TR1 Color a Measurement Impedance Display Data gt Format Rs Ymax 28 09 kOhm min 453 34 mOlm Y Scale Lin Log TR C LogITRi Data gt Memory Main V Trace 2 TR2 Color MN 2 4 7 10 p Measurement Impedance w 99 646 Hz 641 414 m 385 600 kHz 25 304 kQ TR1 Rs Impedance Display Data y Format Phase y Ymax 197 90 Y min 197 96 Y Scale Lin C Log TR2 C Log ITR2
31. the Configuration window In the Configuration window set the parameters for your measurement In our example we have chosen the following settings 92 Calibrating the Bode 100 3 Set e SOURCE 10 7 MHz e SOURCE On or Auto e Receiver bandwidth 10 Hz e ATTN 1 20 dB e ATTN 2 20 dB e Level 0 dBm Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup eS C Auto Receiver 110 700 MHz Dn PECEREN Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 ioH gt DUT delay 0 00 Measurement period Extemal 265 24 ms reference 00 8m OUTPUT 93 Bode 100 User Manual 4 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Thru Cable Reference or Probe Two Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe i jas OK Cancel The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100 5 Connect the cables you want to use for the measurement as shown below 6 Click __ k to close the Configuration window 7 Choose either the Probe Calibration or the User Calibration and click the respective toolbar button 94 Calibrating the Bode 100 8 In the respective calibration window click the Start button next to Thru to calibrate the Bode 100 User Calibration Gain Phase M Gan Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perfor Calibration M Impedance Connect the corr BS por e
32. the Configuration window and to get back to the Gain Phase mode window 8 For a better view of the Gain Phase vector in the complex plane right click in the diagram and then click Optimize Zoom Mode Optimize Reset Axes 0 Grid Polar a Copy Copy with Settings OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help sN A ILE lt lt o e Manan User Calibration IP OFF gt OX Probe Calibration Source Result Source Frequency 10 700 MHz Mag dB v 31 264 dB Phase 73 553 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 120 dB y Receiver Bandwidth 110 Hz v Source On 30 Gain Phase Mode Result The IF filter has a magnitude of 31 26 dB at 10 7 MHz Your result may differ because each IF filter is slightly different The phase readout of 73 6 is not the value you want to measure because it is the sum of the phase shift of the cables and of the IF filter To get the value of the IF filter only use the Gain Phase calibration to compensate the phase shift of the cables Continue the example and calibrate the Bode 100 to get the phase shift of the IF filter 1 Replace the IF filter with the BNC straight adapter ff 2 Click the User Calibration toolbar button si Use Calbration to open the calibration window 3 In the calibration window click
33. the reflection coefficient of the quartz filter To display only this chart clear the Trace 1 check box to deactivate trace 1 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 0544 44 24 M a o HEN A de User Calibration e Probe Calibration X Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 11 996950 MHz 58 911 Q 775 612 mQ 12 020350 MHz 266 166 m2 244 016 Q delta C2 C1 23 400 kHz 58 645 Q 243 241 Q Main MV Trace 2 TR2 Color ae Measurement Reflection Display Daa Format Smith y Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup s G TR2 Reflection Export Traces Data Since the output of the DUT quartz filter is connected to the channel 2 input the measured impedance is the quartz impedance plus the 50 2 input impedance of the Bode 100 For an idle quartz the trace should be nearly symmetrical against the real axis The reason why it is not is as follows We have used a cable to connect the quartz filter to the Bode 100 and therefore we measure a phase shift of the reflected voltage twice the shift of the cable itself We can remove this 61 Bode 100 User Manual unwanted phase shift by using the Impedance calibration By calibrating the Bode 100 we move the Impedance Reflection reference plane to the end of the cable connected to the input of the DUT 5 2 Impedance Calibration Now we
34. 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 208 y Attenuator CH2 208 ts Receiver Bandwidth ikuz y Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 993M 11 994M 11 995M 11 996M 11 997M 11 998M 11 999M 12 000M f HZ eee TR1 Mag Gain Source O 132 Advanced Functions Figure 10 12 Measured curve with sweep settings copied from the zoom area By applying the Copy from Zoom function the frequency span is narrower resulting in a higher resolution of the measured curve DEK OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 0244428213 a a Oo ON Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 11 996968 MHz 0 760 dB Start Frequency 11 992088 MHz 12 000549 MHz 18 080 dB Stop Frequency 12 000549 MHz 3 581 kHz 17 320 dB Center Frequency 11 996318 MHz Span 8461 kHz Sweep Mode Linear Number of Points fio y Configuration 2 User Calibration X Trace Functions TR1 AYG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X Sweep Leg 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 120 dB v Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 993M 11 994M 11 995M 11 996M 11 997M 11 998M 11 999M 12 000M f HZ TR1 Mag Gain I ia After using the Copy from Zoom function the original sweep settings are lost If used the User Calibration is switched off too Hint Compare the frequency sweep settings before s
35. 00 dBm 180 000 kHz 5 00 dB Preview Output Level The green indicators next to the Output Level column signal that the output level is within the Bode 100 output level range 27 dBm 13 dBm If an entered delta level results in an output level outside the Bode 100 range the output level is limited accordingly The output level limiting is signaled by a red indicator see the following figure 165 Bode 100 User Manual l You can shift the output level frequency characteristic up or down by changing the reference level in the Reference Level box Figure 10 31 Change reference level ADE eye File Tools Help ok M Cancel Gourrint o Print Preview E Output Level Reference Level E 1 Frequency Delta Level Output Level 20 000 kHz 5 00 dB 13 00 dBm 100 000 kHz 15 00 dB 5 00 a 150 000 kHz 5 00 dE Preview Dutput Level Hint Based on the entered delta level the calculated output levels at 20 kHz and 180 kHz are outside the level range of the Bode 100 Therefore the values are limited to the maximum possible output level and the red indicators are activated 166 Advanced Functions You can shape very steep slopes by entering two delta levels at the same frequency To select either the rising or falling edge adjust the sequence of the delta levels 1 Click in the respective frequency cell 2 Right click in the selected frequency cell and then click Set as First or Set as Second
36. 2054 44 23 DM a 0 eo HENO A ON Probe Calibration N X Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X 2 User Calibration Frequency Trace 1 W Trace 1 TR1 11 996968 MHz 0 770 dB 12 020510 MHz 83 790 dB Color a 23 542 kHz Measurement Gain y C Display EN F Format Mag dB Ymax 3 0848 Ymin 80 77 d8 Y Scale Lin C LogTR1 C LoglTR1I Data gt Memory Main Trace 2 TR2 80 11 98M 11 99M 12 00M TR1 Memory Mag Gain TR1 AVG Of R2 AVG Off Source On CK177C 5 Inthe Display list select Data amp Memory and then touch the housing of the quartz filter or even better the pins of the quartz with your finger By doing this you shift the parallel resonance frequency of the filter 6 Mark the new parallel resonance frequency with the cursor 1 by using the Jump to Min function Right click the curve point to Cursor 1 and then click Jump to Min Figure 10 15 Setting the cursor 1 to Seam Mode the minimum Optimize Reset Axes Axis e Pea Y Axis PU e Cursor 2 J Jump to Max Copy Copy with Settings 7 Now you can measure the effect of touching the quartz filter by using the delta C2 C1 function 137 Bode 100 User Manual Hint Use the Zoom Mode function to get a better view The figure below shows a zoomed diagram showing the effect of touching the quartz filter s housing OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurem
37. 3 Bode 100 User Manual The following figure shows the maximum and the minimum of the same measurement OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite C Documents and Settings BerBau00 Wesktop Bode TestSetting Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help Dea 2a S D 2 0 09 IMP OFF gt OX Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF X4 Trace Functions TR1 MAX ON TR2 AVG OFF X WM Trace 1 TR1 Color u Measurement Gan y Display MESA y Format Mage y Ymax 27 54 dB Yin 121 97 dB Y Scale Lin C Log TR1 Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory Trace 2 TR2 E User Calibration SAIN OF Frequency Trace 1 delta C2 C1 Diagram Setup Auto C Always Two Diagrams 10 0M 10 5M 11 0M l t Hz TR1 Mag Gain TR1 Memory Mag Gain Export Traces Data O TRI 10 10 154 Advanced Functions 10 4 4 Setting the Process Depth to Infinity To set the process depth to infinity select Infinity in the Trace Functions Settings dialog box Figure 10 24 setting the process Trace Functions Settings depth to infinity Trace 1 C Average Min Hold f Max Hold Trace 2 C Average Min Hold Max Hold Process Depth Infinity kd Default OF Cancel Help If you set the process depth to infinity special incremental algorithms are used for calculating the Average Min Hold and Max Hold trace functions The advantage of these algorithms is t
38. AYG OFF X Sweep Frequency Trace 1 qd ieli 99 646 Hz Start Frequency ee 385 600 kHz Color M Stop Frequency 40 000 MHz Measurement Impedance y Displ D t y Center Frequency 20 000005 MHz isplay Data Format Ls y Span 39 999990 MHz Ymax 6 73 mH Sweep Mode Logarithmic y Y min 5 77 mH Y Scale Lin Number of Paints 401 y Log TRI C Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory Configuration Main Level gt 13 00 dBm V Trace 2 TR2 Receiver Bandwidth 100 Hz v coto MN l 107 10 10 10 y M impedence EN f Hz easurement Impedance Y TR1 Ls Impedance Display Data Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Format Phasel y Ymax 197 90 Ymin 197 96 Y Scale Lin C Log TR2 C Log ITR2I Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup Auto Measurement Always Two Diagrams 10 10 10 sie Export Traces Data TR2 Phase Impedance Exp re In the upper graph you see the serial inductance of the coil At lower frequencies the serial inductance is around 3 mH The graph shows that the inductance starts decreasing at a frequency around 1 kHz and shows a resonance at 385 6 kHz For frequencies higher than the resonance frequency the coil has a capacitive behavior except within a small frequency range where it gets inductive again This indicates a parallel resonance as the inductance is active for low frequencies while the capacitive part is active for high frequencies The small inductive rang
39. C1 Measurement Gan y Display Data y Format Magde gt Ymax 27 54dB Ymin 121 97 48 Y Scale Lin C Log TR1 Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory Main T Trace 2 TR2 2 User Calibration SAI Main Diagram Setup Auto Pr 120 9 5M 10 0M TR1 Mag Gain Export Traces Data So TR1 10 10 Hint As soon as the defined process depth n in this example 10 is reached the last n sweeps are used for the calculation of the averaged curve 152 Advanced Functions 10 4 2 Min Hold If the Min Hold trace function is activated the Bode Analyzer Suite displays the minimum of the selected output format For example if the Imaginary output format is selected for the Gain measurement the minimum imaginary part of the defined number of sweeps is displayed Color i Measurement Gain r Display Data ka fama mas D max 5 00 E min 5 00 Y Scale Lin C Log TR1 f Log ITR1I Data gt Memory Imag G min _ __ Imag G Eq 10 5 Hint The Min Hold and Max Hold trace functions refer always to the selected output format 10 4 3 Max Hold lf the Max Hold trace function is activated the Bode Analyzer Suite displays the maximum of the selected output format For example if the Imaginary output format is selected for the Gain measurement the maximum imaginary part of the defined number of sweeps is displayed Imag G max _ _ Imag G Eq 10 6 iaa 15
40. Gain Phase Mode 0000 cee eee ee a 19 Onl WeaSICS ett a a actin a Bie evn ean oe dae ea heer elae bee ane eins 22 3 1 1 Internal Reference Connection 0 0 00 0008 23 3 1 2 External Reference Connection ooooooo 23 3 2 Choosing the Reference CONMNectION o oooooooooooooo o 24 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement o o o ooooooo 26 4 Impedance Reflection Mode 0 0 cee ees 35 AT DASS ias pri ios os ds E Dos a 36 4 1 1 General FormulaS oooooooooooooo o 36 4 1 2 Equivalent Circuits o oooooooooonooo oo 37 4 1 3 Quality Facto yuri 99 shh noe il ei 39 Bode 100 User Manual 10 4 2 Example Impedance Reflection Measurement 39 Frequency Sweep Mode sisi A 47 5 1 Example Frequency Sweep Measurement o oo oooo 52 5 2 Impedance Calibration aa a ooo oo 62 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 67 6 1 Example Frequency Sweep External Coupler Measurement 69 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode 79 7 1 Example Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Measurement 80 Calibrating the Bode 100 1 1 0 es 89 8 1 Calibration Methods 6 2 sack ae a of a mead dd 89 8 1 1 Prope CalDrallon 2 15 85 taa aaa 89 8 1 2 User Calibration 0 0 0 es 90 8 1 3 Hierarchy of Calibration Methods 005 91 8 2 Ca
41. I Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup Auto Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Always Two Diagrams 10 10 10 de _EmotiiccasDaa TR2 Phase Impedance 2 Result In the upper graph you can now see a better graph of the series resistance Due to the logarithmic Y axis scaling the graph clearly shows that the series resistance continuously rises until the maximum resistance is reached at the resonance frequency You can also see that after dropping the series resistance increases again in the high frequency range in which the coil shortly becomes inductive again 87 Bode 100 User Manual gt If you adapt yourself to components you can characterize them more easily 88 Congratulation You learned how to use the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode How to e Connect an impedance adapter e Calibrate and compensate the connection system e Display the series inductance in Henry e Display the series resistance in double logarithmic scale Feel free to go back to the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter window in 7 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode on page 79 and try things out Calibrating the Bode 100 8 Calibrating the Bode 100 The Bode 100 can compensate effects of the measurement setup like cables and probes Further on the overall accuracy may be improved by calibrating the Bode 100 e g if the operating temperature is outside the range specified in 13 5 Environmenta
42. IEC 38 Depending on the regional settings of your computer the elements of the serial and parallel equivalent circuits are displayed according to the EC International Electronic Commission or ANS American National Standards Institute standards as shown below Parallel equivalent circuit Ap 8 093 02 ya Lp 153 437 nH Ll 6 354 Parallel equivalent circuit Rp 8 970 0 Lm Lp 152 726 nH Ll 3 355 Note Capacitors have the same symbol J E in both standards Impedance Reflection Mode 4 1 3 4 2 Quality Factor An ideal inductor will be lossless irrespective of the amount of current flowing through the winding An ideal capacitor will be lossless irrespective of the voltage applied to it However real inductors have a winding resistance due to the metal wire forming the coils and real capacitors have a resistance due to the used insulation material These resistances cause a loss of inductive or Capacitive quality For serial equivalent circuits the quality factor O is defined as the ratio of the reactance to the resistance at a given frequency For parallel equivalent circuits the quality factor O is defined as the ratio of the resistance to the reactance at a given frequency The O factor is a measure of the inductor s and capacitor s efficiency The higher the O factor of a capacitor or inductor the closer the capacitor inductor approaches the behavior of an ideal lossless component The O factor
43. Impedance nearly 50 Q Again your results may differ because every IF filter and measurement setup is slightly different Hint To increase the size of the diagrams make the window larger or hide the left pane by clicking the split bar To restore the left pane click the split bar again Hint If you want to display the reflection in VSWR format select the VSWR output format under Reflection as shown below Reflection VSWR 1 055 Usually the reference resistance of 50 Q is used to calculate the reflection coefficient and the VSWR The Reference Resistance box allows you to enter other reference resistance values if required The parallel and serial equivalent circuits give us an indication of the electrical components that would be required to rebuild the electrical characteristics of your DUT at the measurement frequency In our example you would require a 5 124 nH inductor and a 51 57 resistor to build the series equivalent circuit 44 Impedance Reflection Mode Try it out get yourself the required components and repeat the measurement If the results do not match 100 keep in mind that you are using real components with a O factor on their own For information on how to calibrate the Bode 100 in the Impedance Reflection mode see 8 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode on page 97 Congratulation You learned how to use the Impedance Reflection mode How to e Measure the reflection coefficient a
44. MHz Measurement Range 1 Hz 40 MHz increased calibration time OF Cancel Help Selecting the Measurement Speed You can operate your Bode 100 in the High Speed and Full Speed mode By default the Bode Analyzer Suite starts in the High Speed mode The High Speed mode is recommended for measurements where you have to expect distortions from the DUT The Full Speed mode increases the Bode 100 measurement speed In the Full Speed mode the sweep times are reduced considerably especially at low receiver bandwidths and at low measurement frequencies Full Speed mode Click the High Speed Full Speed Mode toolbar button amp or the High Speed Full Speed Mode Command on the Measurement menu High Speed mode Click the High Speed Full Speed Mode toolbar button or the High Speed Full Speed Mode command on the Measurement menu Common Functions 9 4 File Operations The Bode 100 supports the following file operations 9 4 1 Loading and Saving the Equipment Configuration You can store all settings of the Bode 100 including the device configuration measurement settings calibration and measurement data and the graphical display settings by clicking the Save toolbar button la see Table 9 1 File menu on page 118 Hint This functionality allows you to store multiple equipment configurations for repetitive measurement tasks With the equipment configurations stored you can load the respective files for each m
45. NPUT CH 1 connector using a cable 25 Bode 100 User Manual 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement Expected example duration 20 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Gain Phase mode of the Bode 100 How to e Measure the gain and phase of a DUT with a sinusoidal signal at a frequency e Set the bandwidth attenuators and amplitudes of the Bode 100 e Optimize the diagram e Compensate the connection cables in the Gain Phase mode Question What is the magnitude in dB of the delivered IF filter at 10 7 MHz These types of 10 7 MHz filters are used in FM radios 26 Gain Phase Mode To find out the answer proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 and start the Bode Analyzer Suite 2 Click the Gain Phase toolbar button HH OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help D AAAA a oF Res 2 User Calibration IX Probe Calibration Source Result Source Frequency 1 110 MHz Mag dB v 97 263 dB Phase v 30 522 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 120 dB Y Attenuator CH2 120 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v Hint If you see the Bode 100 serial number in the status bar on the lower right side of the window then the Bode Analyzer Suite communicates with the Bode 100 Otherwise check whether your Bode 100 is connected and powered properly and then click the Search and Reco
46. R2 AVG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 P Trace 1 TAI Color ae Measurement Gain y Display Data Format Mag dB Ymax 20 00 d8 Y min 100 00 dB Y Scale Lin C LogTR1 C Log TRI1I Data gt Memory Main M Trace 2 TR2 coto MI j j Measurement Reflection y TR1 Mag Gain Display Data y Format Smith y Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data In the upper graph you see the gain of the quartz filter You can use the cursors to measure the series and parallel resonance frequencies 12 Select the Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 check boxes to activate the cursors 57 Bode 100 User Manual 58 13 To find the series resonance frequency of the quartz filter right click the curve in the upper diagram point to Cursor 1 and then click Jump to Max OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Calibration 064 4423 na 2 e ATRI AEE User Calibration SAIN Of File Measurement Configuration Trace Tools Help EN Probe Calibration Trace 1 Frequency Trace 2 GAIN OFF IMP OFF X2 Trace Functions TR1 AYG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X WM Trace 1 TR1 12 002337 MHz 12 015159 MHz 12 821 kHz 22 296 dB 43370 43 401 dB 598 142 m delta C2 C1 21 105 dB 3 739 Q Zoom Mode Optimize Reset Axes X Axis Y Axis Cursor 2 Copy Copy wit
47. Start in the Gain Phase area User Calibration Gain Phase Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perfor Calibration Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Short Start Not Performed ll 5 31 Bode 100 User Manual 32 The calibration takes only a few seconds The Gain Phase mode is now calibrated for the current specific measurement setup 4 Click _ 5 Reconnect the IF filter Hint If you change settings you must repeat the User Calibration If you use the Probe Calibration Probe calibration instead you can change settings without repeating the calibration For more information see 8 Calibrating the Bode 100 on page 89 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help DEARA D aloo AARER ca User Calibration Probe Calibration Source Result Source Frequency 10 700 MHz Mag dB v 31 294 dB Phase FEE Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 120 dB v Attenuator CH2 120 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 110 Hz v Result The transfer function of the IF filter has a magnitude of 31 29 dB and a phase shift of 73 2 at 10 7 MHZ Again your results may differ because every IF filter and measurement setup is slightly different Hint You can toggle between the measurement results with cal
48. able Low impedance Input impedance 50 Q Input impedance 1 MQ 2 Input capacitance 40 55 pF Receiver bandwidth 1 Hz 3 Hz 10 Hz 30 Hz 100 Hz 300 Hz 1 kHz 3 kHz Input attenuator O dB 10 dB 20 dB 30 dB 40 dB 9 eS olJ D OIO 3 6 3 5 High impedance for input attenuator O dB Connectors Gain error 181 Bode 100 User Manual 13 2 Power Requirements Table 13 2 Power requirements Input voltage frequency 13 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 13 3 Absolute maximum device does not work Maximum AC input signal 50 Vrms for 1 Hz 1 MHz 30 Vrms for 1 MHz 2 MHz 15 Vrms for 2 MHz 5 MHz 10 Vrms for 5 MHz 10 MHz 7 Vrms for 10 MHz 40 MHz 182 Technical Data 13 4 System Requirements Table 13 4 Computer requirements 13 5 Table 13 5 Environmental requirements Minimum configuration Recommended configuration Operating system Pentium 1 GHz 512 MB RAM Super VGA 1024x768 or higher resolution video adapter and monitor CD ROM drive USB 1 1 or USB 2 0 port Pentium 2 5 GHz or higher 1 GB RAM or higher Super VGA 1024x768 or higher resolution video adapter and monitor CD ROM drive USB 2 0 port Windows XP 32 bit and 64 bit Windows Vista 32 bit and 64 bit Windows 7 32 bit and 64 bit Environmental Requirements Temperature 35 60 C 31 140 F Operating 5 40 C 41 104 F For specifications 23 C
49. ale is linear Lin If measurement curves contain very low and very high values it is difficult to get a good impression about the curves characteristic for the low values As an example of such a curve the following chart shows the imaginary part of an inductance dominated by a resonance around 360 kHz 10000 TR1 Ohm o m Ta i 1 5 cale E Lin f Hz t Log TRI TR1 Imag Impedance o Log ITRI 10 107 10 157 Bode 100 User Manual By switching to the logarithmic scaling Log TR1 the characteristic provides a much better view on the inductor s behavior below the resonance frequency 4104 Log Y Scale Neg values in TR 1 TR1 Ohm Scale Lin Log TRI Log TRI 2 TR1 Imag Impedance Since negative values cannot be displayed in a logarithmic scale the curve will show gaps wherever negative measurement values are present The presence of negative values is indicated by a warning message in the upper left corner of the frequency curve 158 Advanced Functions To display the measurement curve without gaps in the logarithmic scale you can display the absolute values of the measurement Log TR1 TR1 Ohm 10 10 10 10 10 107 Y 5cale Lin f Hz f Log TRI TR1 Imag Impedance ie Los ITRI Hint If the imaginary part of a DUT is displayed with the Log TR1 scaling a rising flank of the curve indicates an inductive behavior of the DUT while a falling flank indicates a capacitiv
50. alibration SAIN Trace 2 TR2 Hint Negative readings in Henry see cursor 2 indicate that the inductor under test shows capacitive behavior at the respective frequency 161 Bode 100 User Manual For the Admittance measurement the following quantities can be displayed e Parallel resistance R in Ohms e Parallel inductance L in Henry e Parallel capacitance C in Farad e O factor Figure 10 27 Setting the Admittance 4 Trace 1 TRI measurement TEN Display Data 5 Ymax min Y Scale o Dat 162 Advanced Functions The following frequency characteristic shows the parallel capacitance C of a 10 nF foil capacitor OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode SEE File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help Dea 424 23 aj60e O 2 User Calibration SAIN OFF IMP OFF Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF X4 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 M Trace 1 TR1 6 678593 MHz 6 504 nF 31 086 kHz 10 159 nF Color MAMMA deltaC2 C1 6 647508 MHz 16 663 nF Measurement Admittance Display Data Format cp x Ymax 4890nF Ymin 44 53nF Y Scale Lin C Log TR1 C Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory Trace 2 TR2 10 10 TR1 Cp Admittance Hint Negative readings in Farad see cursor 1 indicate that the capacitor under test shows inductive behavio
51. andwidth 10 Hz Display Data Format Polar y Measurement Ymax 4 46 Ohm Reference Resistance 50 002 j Ymin 4 46 Ohm Data gt Memory Diagram Setup Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data T1R2 Impedance Source On 76 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 13 Selectthe Cursor 1 check box to activate the cursor and then set the cursor to the IF filter s center frequency of 10 7 MHz by entering 10 7 MHz in the respective box of the cursor table OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode SEE File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 024442213 D a 0 0 FERS 2 User Calibration SIN ZA Probe Calibration AIN M X12 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 I Trace1 TR1 10 700 MHz 1 025 48 796 0 Color MA Measurement Reflection Display Data y Format VswR y Ymax or ooo Ymin ho Y Scale Lin C Log TR C Log ITRI1I Data gt Memory Main MV Trace 2 TR2 coto MI 9 0M 9 5M N E j Measurement Impedance TR1 VSWR Reflection Display Data y Format Polar y Ymax 2 70 Ohm Y min 3 47 Ohm 48 7961 92 10 700 MHz gt Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data 4 4500 TR2 Impedance Result The VSWR of the IF filter at its center frequency is 1 025 The impedance graph shows an impedance
52. apter as shown in the following figures 111 Bode 100 User Manual 5 Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background User Calibration Impedance Adapter Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Aftenvards press Start to perom Calibration Impedance Connect the coresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced EEE REEE CBee Eos seeeel x e e 6 Short circuit the DUT connectors of the impedance adapter hh Hint For the B WIC impedance adapter use the delivered short circuit 112 Calibrating the Bode 100 7 Click the Start button next to Short in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background User Calibration Impedance Adapter Gain Phaze Replace DUT by thru cable Aftenvards press Start to perfor Calibration Impedance Connect the coresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advance aneoanroBBbBa aan seeeel x e e 113 Bode 100 User Manual 8 Connect the 100 Q load resistor delivered with the impedance adapter to the DUT connectors as shown in the following figures 114 Calibrating the Bode 100 9 For very accurate measurements or i
53. asurement points as before the sweep time is now much longer sweep time 13 06 ms 401 frequency points 5 23 s Hint Set the DUT s delay to zero after your measurement is completed to ensure the shortest sweep time possible for next measurements 141 Bode 100 User Manual Number of Measurement Points Figure 10 18 Entering the number of measurement points 142 Sometimes a very specific number of measurement points is required With the Bode 100 you can set any number of measurement points in the range 2 16501 To set the number of measurement points click in the Number of Points box and then enter the number of points you wish to use for your measurement OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 024 2448 S D a 0 0 HEN E 2 User Calibration Frequency 11 996950 MHz 12 020500 MHz Start Frequency 11 980 MHz Stop Frequency 12 040 MHz 23 550 kHz Center Frequency 12 010 MHz lt X Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IM DER X42 Trace Functions TR1 AYG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X Trace 2 0 735 dB 77 129 dB 76 394 dB Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear gt Number of Points 1100 y M Configuration Level gt 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v M Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 99M TR1 Mag Gain 12 01M 12 02M f Hz
54. asurement probes for channel 1 input and channel 2 input Figure 10 34 Using a probe Using the probes is recommended in the following applications e Measurements at points within the DUT circuitry not accessible with BNC cables e Measurements of devices under test which are sensitive to capacitive or resistive influences e g resonant circuits 171 Bode 100 User Manual When using a probe consider the following instructions 1 Always set the correct probe ratio in the Connection Setup tab of the Configuration window You can choose between 1 1 10 1 or 100 1 Figure 10 35 Setting the probe ratio Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Thru Cable or Probe i L l gt a ai l Two Port DUT i One Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe lea r 172 Advanced Functions 2 For correct probe operation switch the input impedance of the channel connected to the probe to high impedance 1 MO Figure 10 36 Setting high input Configuration impedance of channel 2 Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement GainiPhase f Impedance Reflection Receiver RECEIVER 1 Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 E kHz DUT delay 0 00 s Measurement period Internal o 3 06 me reference OUTPUT 3 Ensure that your DUT is terminated correctly Hint When using a probe with a DUT which requires a 50 Q termination you can simply connect
55. before performing a measurement If you start a measurement in the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode without calibration the following dialog box appears Calibration A No calibration data available for this measurement mode A User Calibration ax Frobe Calibration Cancel In this case select the User Calibration or the Probe Calibration and then proceed as described in 8 7 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode on page 110 83 Bode 100 User Manual 11 Now connect the DUT to the adapter s connectors as shown in the following figure 12 Activate both traces and set the parameters as shown in the following figure e Trace 1 TR1 Color ay Measurement Impedance y Display Data Format lls y mar B73mH min 577m Y Scale Lin Log TAI C Log ITA Data gt Memory e Trace 2 TR2 Color a Measurement Impedance y Display Data Format Phase gt mar haza o min 197 36 Y Scale Lin LogTR2 Log ITR2I Data gt Memory 84 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode 13 Select the Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 check boxes to activate the cursors for analyzing the measurement curve OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help Dae a2 D a 0 eo ARRAS E User Calibration ON Probe Calibration j j Xq2 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2
56. calculated using the serial equivalent circuit is given by _ Imag Z _ X O Real Z R Eq 4 14 and using the parallel equivalent circuit is given by tee _ Imago _ pl _ Rp O Real Y Da Eq 4 15 R Example Impedance Reflection Measurement Expected example duration 20 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Impedance Reflection mode of the Bode 100 How to e Measure the reflection coefficient at a frequency e Set the bandwidth and amplitudes used for the measurement e Connect the DUT for the impedance and reflection measurement e Optimize the diagrams e Work with the serial and parallel equivalent circuits Question What is the reflection coefficient in dB of the delivered IF filter s input at 10 7 MHz 39 Bode 100 User Manual To find out the answer proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 and start the Bode Analyzer Suite Hint If you see the serial number of your Bode 100 on the lower right side of the status bar then your Bode 100 is working properly 2 Click the Impedance Reflection toolbar button F to switch to the Impedance Reflection mode 3 If necessary adjust your window size Move the mouse to the lower right corner of the window ma By dragging the corner you can adjust the window OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help Dees Bl 2x FJ 2 0 0 2 User Calibration ON Pr
57. ceiver bandwidth like 30 Hz the measurement is very selective Only little noise will affect the measurement and consequently the measurements will be more stable but the sweep will be slow The receiver bandwidth of 3 kHz will perform the fastest sweep 5 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup q YU T FLI 5 ek O Bode 100 Cuore Two Port DUT Thru Cable or Probe One Port DUT Channel 2 External Probe The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100 Channel 2 External Probe Hint Use the h box to set the voltage ratio when you use a probe instead of cable connection see 10 9 Using Probes on page 171 54 Frequency Sweep Mode 6 Connect the quartz filter to the Bode 100 as shown 7 Click __ to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Frequency Sweep mode window 8 Set the sweep frequencies e Start frequency 11 98 MHz e Stop frequency 12 04 MHz e Number of points 401 The other settings will be automatically calculated and the Sweep area of the Frequency Sweep mode window should now look like below gt Sweep Start Frequency 11 980 MHz Stop Frequency 12 040 MHz Center Frequency 12 010 MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear Humber of Points jars Copy from oom Hint A setting which results in an out of range frequenc
58. chase from OMICRON Lab B WIC impedance B SMC impedance B WIT 100 broadband adapter for through hole adapter for surface injection transformer type components mounted components For information on using the B WIC and B SMC impedance adapters see 7 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode on page 79 The B WIT 100 broadband injection transformer is especially designated for measurement of switched mode power supplies and control loops For more information on the possible applications of the B WIT 100 refer to the OMICRON Lab Web site www omicron lab com 15 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 2 1 2 3 Getting Started Getting Started Caution Before installing the Bode 100 check the environmental and power requirements see 13 Technical Data on page 181 Installing the Bode Analyzer Suite Caution Install the Bode Analyzer Suite from the delivered CD ROM before connecting the Bode 100 to the USB connector of your computer The Bode Analyzer Suite on the delivered CD ROM controls the operation of the Bode 100 Install the Bode Analyzer Suite first before you connect the Bode 100to the computer Putthe Bode 100 CD ROM in the CD ROM drive and follow the instructions on the screen Select the 32 bit or 64 bit installation according to your computer s hardware and operating system For installation support visit the OMICRON Lab Web site www omicron lab com or contact your neare
59. current measurement data to the trace memory e Compare the frequency responses e Detect even smallest differences between the current and stored measurement data by using the Data Memory display function Question How does touching the housing of the quartz filter on the sample PCB influence the measurement 135 Bode 100 User Manual To find out the answer proceed as follows 1 Follow steps 1 to 14 of the example outlined in 5 1 Example Frequency Sweep Measurement on page 52 2 Clear the Trace 2 check box Your screen should now look like this OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help Deas Bl 2x a 2 User Calibration IMP OFF Frequency Trace1 Trace 2 W Trace 1 TR1 ON Probe Calibration AIN OFF IMP OFF Xaa Trace Functions 11 996968 MHz 0 770 dB 12 020510 MHz 84 408 dB Color MAN 23 542 kHz 83 639 dB Measurement Gain Display Data v Format Magde y Ymax 30848 Y min 80 77 de Y Scale Lin C LogTR1 C Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory Trace 2 TR2 11 99M TR1 Mag Gain 3 Click the Data gt Memory button to store the measurement data 136 Advanced Functions 4 In the Display list select Memory The stored data is displayed as a dashed line OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode TBR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help
60. dance Reflection measurements are summarized below pan Eq 4 1 _f_l Y 553 Eq 4 2 Ei alae Eq 4 3 TT G Eq 4 3 rswe 4 Eq 4 4 1 2 Ry G Eq 4 5 where V voltage at the reference plane I current at the reference plane Z lmpedance Y admittance r reflection coefficient VSWR voltage standing wave ratio Ro reference resistance Go reference conductance Impedance Reflection Mode Note The reference resistance R can be set in the Measurement area of the Impedance Reflection mode window Equivalent Circuits The basic formulas for the serial equivalent circuit are Z Real Z jImag Z R JX R Real Z If Imag Z lt 0 7 1 w Imag Z If Imag Z gt 0 z magt S A where R _ series resistance X series reactance C _ Serles capacitance L series inductance The basic formulas for the parallel equivalent circuit are Y Real Y Imag Y 2 p P l R gt ee P Real Y If Imag Y lt 0 l L E P Imag Y If Imag Y gt 0 c mag V P 0 where R parallel resistance x parallel reactance L parallel inductance C parallel capacitance Eq 4 6 Eq 4 7 Eq 4 8 Eq 4 9 Eq 4 10 Eq 4 11 Eq 4 12 Eq 4 13 37 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 4 3 Resistor and inductor symbols according to ANSI Figure 4 4 Resistor and inductor symbols according to
61. de 100 User Manual Figure 3 2 Configuration and M Source measurement setup i Set the output source Source Frequency 12 000 MHz generator frequency Configuration Set the output source Level 0 00 db ri generator level Select the channel 1 Attenuator CH1 20 de input attenuation Select the channel 2 Attenuator CH2 20 de input attenuation Select the receiver Recewer Bandwidth 1 kHz bandwidth Hint A higher receiver bandwidth allows faster measurements a lower receiver bandwidth increases the measurement accuracy Figure 3 3 Gain Phase mode results Select the output format of measurement results Mag dE bd 1 545 db Display of measurement results in the selected Phase 7 IS 20 Gain Phase Mode Figure 3 4 Graphical display of measurement results 0 06 0 05 0 04 0 03 0 02 Zoom Mode Optimize 0 01 Reset Axes 0 00 0 01 Pe Copy with Settings 0 02 Right click in the diagram to open the shortcut menu Use the shortcut menu to optimize the diagram select the grid and zoom in the diagram After having zoomed in click Optimize to get back to an optimized diagram Hint Using the Copy and Copy with Settings functions you can easily export your diagram into other Windows applications For more information see 10 1 Advanced Display Options on page 125 Figure 3 5 Source overload and Overload in
62. dicators for the channel 1 and channel 2 inputs If you see a red bar increase connection indicators the attenuation of the respective channel or reduce the source level to prevent the overload Source indicator see Serial number of the Bode 100 3 3 Example Gain Phase Hint If the serial number field in the status bar displays No Device on red background check whether the Bode 100 is powered and connected to your computer and then click the Search and Reconnect Device toolbar button 4 to reconnect the Bode 100 21 Bode 100 User Manual 22 Basics The gain and phase of the DUT is calculated from the measurement data obtained using the reference channel 1 and the measurement channel 2 You can connect the signal source to the reference channel internally or externally as described in 3 2 Choosing the Reference Connection on page 24 The basic definitions and formulas related to the gain phase measurements are summarized below H abs H f Eq 3 1 o f arg H Eq 3 2 81 e d d Lf an TAA aa Eq 3 3 where H f displayed gain phase function HA magnitude of H f o f phase of H f T group delay of HO V S f 2e 27 izj Eq 3 4 ji A 14 Hf Eq 3 5 IN where Si parameter from port to port j i of the DUT H f transfer function of a two port device H f depends on the load of the port where Voyr is measured Vour Voltage at the DUT s output Vo
63. e CH2 50 Q ON Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Receiver RECEIVER 1 Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 fi kHz DUT delay 0 00 s Measurement period External aE me reference OUTPUT Hint To match the impedance of the directional coupler the input resistances of the channel 1 CH1 and channel 2 CH2 are set to 50 Q 70 1 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 5 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup OMICRON E Bode A LAB Forward Power A One Port DUT gt i A E Input e E iat e g Antenna Forward h an Y Directional Coupler Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe OF Cancel The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT as well as the directional coupler to the Bode 100 71 Bode 100 User Manual 72 6 Connect the directional coupler to the Bode 100 as shown 7 Click 5 to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode window 8 Set the sweep frequencies e Start frequency 8 7 MHz e Stop frequency 12 7 MHz e Number of points 201 The other settings will be automatically calculated and the Sweep area of the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode window should now look like below Start Frequency 8 00 MHz Stop Frequency 12 700 MHz Center Frequency 10 700 MHz Span 4 000 MHz Sweep Mode Linear y Number o
64. e behavior 159 Bode 100 User Manual 10 6 Figure 10 26 Setting the Impedance measurement 160 RLC Q Sweep The RLC Q Sweep function is available for all frequency sweep modes 244 and Fad By using the RLC Q sweep function you can display frequency swept curves for the serial and parallel equivalent circuits of the DUT For the definitions of the equivalent components used in this section see 4 1 2 Equivalent Circuits on page 37 and 4 1 3 Quality Factor on page 39 For the Impedance measurement the following quantities can be displayed e Series resistance R in Ohms e Series inductance L in Henry e Series capacitance C in Farad e O factor W Trace 1 TR1 Color M Measurement Impedance Display Ymax min Y Scale Advanced Functions The following frequency characteristic shows the series inductance L of an inductor under test OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode TBR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help DEHRA AmO O JFF IMP OFF OX Probe Calibration GAIN OFF X12 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 9 Trace 1 TR1 874 545 Hz 2 339 mH u 1 062777 MHz 300 513 pH Color MAMMA deltaC2 C1 1 061903 MHz 2 640 mH Measurement Impedance y Display Data Format ls y Ymax 7 24 mH Y min 5 60 mH Y Scale Lin C Log TR1 C Log ITRI1I Data gt Memory E User C
65. e between 24 5 MHz and 35 1 MHz is easily visible in the phase curve of the coil shown in the lower graph 85 Bode 100 User Manual 14 Now switch the format of trace 1 to Rs to measure the series resistance of the coil OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools id 04 42 25 M a0 A AIN C ON Probe Calibration ji E User Calibration Ff Sweep Start Frequency 10 000Hz Stop Frequency 40 000 MHz Center Frequency 20 000005 MHz Span 39 999990 MHz Sweep Mode Logarithmic Number of Points jo l 7 Configuration Receiver Bandwidth 100 Hz v eei 13 00 dBm m Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q TR1 Ohm X42 Trace Functions Frequency T Trace 1 Trace 2 99 646 Hz 641 419 mQ 385 600 kHz 25 272 k Q 10 10 10 10 f HZ eee TR1 Rs Impedance 10 10 10 f Hz TR2 Phase Impedance TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X MV Trace 1 TR1 Color a B Measurement Impedance gt Display Data gt Format Rs Ymax 28 78 kOhm Y min 0 00 Ohm Y Scale Lin C LogTR1 C Log TR1 Data gt Memory M Trace 2 TR2 Color ae Measurement Impedance y Display Data y Format Phase y Ymax 137 30 Y min 197 38 Y Scale Lin C Log TR2 C Log ITR2I Data gt Memory Diagram Setup C Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data Hint The
66. e start button Advanced OF Cancel Help 99 Bode 100 User Manual 6 Connect the cable you want to use for the measurement to the OUTPUT connector of the Bode 100 Plug the BNC straight adapter on the other end of the cable to have the same reference plane for calibration 7 Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 8 Plug the BNC short circuit on the straight adapter connected to the cable Hint If you use a short circuit other than the one delivered with your Bode 100 you can enter the short delay by clicking the symbol next to Advanced and typing the short delay time 9 Click the Start button next to Short in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 100 Calibrating the Bode 100 10 Replace the BNC short circuit with the BNC 50 Q load 11 For very accurate measurements or if you use a load resistor different from 50 Q click the symbol next to Advanced and then enter the exact resistance of the load resistor 12 Click the Start button next to Load in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 13 After the calibration has be
67. easurement instead of setting the Bode 100 manually A saved file containing the Bode 100 settings has the Bode extension The file is stored in XML format and can be viewed with standard Web browsers or a simple text editor tool After loading a Bode file the stored measurement data is displayed To preserve these values the measurement is held the Stop Measurement toolbar button i is activated In this state you can change display options and use cursors to read measurement data To start a measurement with the loaded configuration and settings click the Continuous Measurement toolbar button P Hint To ensure that the Bode 100 starts with the same configuration as in your last session click Options on the Tools menu click the Startup Configuration tab and then select Settings from last session Figure 9 4 Setting the startup E Options configuration Startup Configuration Measurement CSW Esport Startup Configuration FE Load Default Settings f Settings from last session OF Cancel Help Hint If you have selected Settings from last session the calibration settings of you last session are NOT loaded This is done on purpose since your measurement setup might have changed since you last used the Bode 100 If 121 Bode 100 User Manual you want to load measurement settings including the calibration data use the Bode 100 file functions see 9 4 1 Loading and Saving the Equipment Configuration on
68. ected example duration 20 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the calibration of the Bode 100 in the Impedance Reflection mode 97 Bode 100 User Manual 98 How to e Eliminate the effect of the cable e Connect the cable in the open short and load condition e Connect the DUT Questions e What is the real part of the impedance in Q e What is the reflection coefficient in dB To find out the answers proceed as follows 1 Click the Impedance Reflection toolbar button FE to switch to the Impedance Reflection mode 2 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button to open the Configuration window 3 Because we want to test the 10 7 MHz IF filter set e SOURCE 10 7 MHz e SOURCE On or Auto e Receiver bandwidth 10 Hz e Level 0 dB i Calibrating the Bode 100 Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup _ C Auto RECENER 1 Ad RECEIMWER 2 110 700 MHz On Bandwidth 10 H2 DUT delay 10 00 s Measurement period Interrial ee 265 24 me reference Level 0 00 dem OUTPUT OF Cancel 4 Click 5 Choose either the Probe Calibration or the User Calibration and click the respective toolbar button User Calibration Impedance M Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Aftenvards press Start to perom Calibration Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing th
69. ee Figure 10 11 Measured curve with initial sweep settings on page 132 and after applying the Copy from Zoom function see Figure 10 12 Measured curve with sweep settings copied from the zoom area above 133 Bode 100 User Manual Special Zoom Function Figure 10 13 Special zoom function applied on Y axis Data and Memory 134 In the Zoom Mode when moving the pointer over an axis the pointer becomes a double headed arrow Then click the left mouse button to zoom in and the right mouse button to zoom out respectively OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 024 442 23 Ja a 0 0 HEN E IX Probe Calibration de User Calibration X12 Trace Functions TR1 AYG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X Sweep Frequency Trace 1 Start Frequency 11 990659 MHz Stop Frequency 12 001868 MHz Center Frequency 11 996264 MHz Span 11 209 kHz Sweep Mode Linear Number of Points fio y optima delta C2 C1 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB y Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 992M TR1 Mag Gain Hint This function is also available in the Gain Phase mode and in the Impedance Reflection mode With the Bode 100 you can copy the current measurement data into the trace memory and display it To store and display the measurement data 1 Clic
70. en finished the calibration window looks like shown below User Calibration Impedance GainPhaze Replace DUT by thru cable Aftenvards press Start to perom Calibration Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced AM CETCHATACEOCAAANAAAATAANN OF Cancel Help 101 Bode 100 User Manual j Hint If the entered values of the load resistor and or the short delay time differ from the factory settings a yellow warning symbol appears after the Advanced area has been collapsed 14 Click __ You have done the Impedance calibration 15 Open the Configuration window by clicking the Device Configuration toolbar button to see how to connect your DUT to the Bode 100 Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Two Port DUT One Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe 1 J 7 OF Cancel 16 Connect the test object IF Filter y aie of 2 OMICRON i electronics GmbH E S p cet Quartz Filter y XF 94v 0 8312 DS 102 Calibrating the Bode 100 Note The IF filter is a two port device To ensure that the impedance of the filter is measured correctly its output must be terminated For measuring a one port device like a capacitor or an inductor no termination resistor is needed 17 Read the results OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode AHR F
71. ent Bode TBR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 04 44 23 Pa a 0 0 HEN E 2 User Calibration IM Probe Calibration AIN Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 Y Trace 1 TR1 X Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X 12 020800 MHz 12 020500 MHz 300 000 Hz 80 580 dB 69 797 dB 10 783 dB Color MN Measurement Gain v Display DatatMeme v Format Magde Ymax 48 53 dB Ymin 33 2948 Y Scale Lin C Log TR1 C Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory T Trace 2 TR2 12 014M 12 016M 12 018M 12 020M 12 022M 12 024M f Hz TR1 Memory Mag Gain TR1 Mag Gain Result Touching the quartz housing shifts the parallel resonance frequency by 300 Hz You might measure different values with your quartz filter 8 In the Display list select Data Memory and then touch the filter 138 Advanced Functions 9 Optimize the Y axis The diagram now displays the difference between the actual measurement data and the stored data OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode TBR File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 205424423 D a 0 0 HENO A 2 User Calibration ON Probe Calibration X12 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 1 TR1 12 020800 MHz 7 889 dB 12 020500 MHz 15 772 dB Color MA 300 000 Hz 23 661 dB Measurement Gan Display Data Memc gt Format Mag dB Ymax 15 84 dB
72. enter the short delay time only if you use a short circuit other than the one delivered with your Bode 100 7 Click the Start button next to Short in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 107 Bode 100 User Manual 8 Replace the BNC short circuit with the BNC 50 Q load 9 For very accurate measurements or if you use a load resistor different from 50 Q enter the exact resistance of the load resistor in the respective box in the Advanced area of the calibration window 10 Click the Start button next to Load in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 108 Calibrating the Bode 100 11 After the calibration has been finished the calibration window looks like shown below User Calibration External Coupler Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perfor Calibration Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced a w C tee Hint A yellow warning symbol displayed close to Advanced indicates that the short delay and or the load resistance entered in the Advanced area differ from the factory settings 12 Click __ You have done the Impedance calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode
73. ernal reference OUTPUT Hint To ensure a wide measurement range the input impedances of the channel 1 CH1 and channel 2 CH2 are set to high impedance 81 Bode 100 User Manual 5 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Adapter Wired SMD Impedance DUT e g Resistor Impedance Adapter B WIC Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe OF Cancel 6 The connection diagram shows how to connect the impedance adapter to the Bode 100 Click Wired for connecting a wired component 7 Connect the B WIC impedance adapter to the Bode 100 as shown in the following figure y 8 Click __ __ to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode window 82 Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode 9 Set the sweep frequencies e Start frequency 10 Hz e Stop frequency 40 MHz e Sweep mode logarithmic e Number of points 401 Sweep Start Frequency 10000Hz Stop Frequency 40 000 MHz Center Frequency 20 000005 MHz Span 33 999950 MHz Sweep Mode Logarithmic Number of Points an 10 Calibrate the measurement setup as described in 8 7 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode on page 110 Hint To compensate the impedance of the measurement circuitry inside the impedance adapter a calibration is mandatory
74. f Points jan Copy from oom Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 9 Set the reference resistance Default 50 Q Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 2 Hint The reference resistance is used to calculate the reflection coefficient and the VSWR 10 Calibrate the measurement setup as described in 8 6 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode on page 106 Hint Due to the strongly varying parameters of directional couplers a calibration is mandatory before performing a measurement If you start a measurement in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode without calibration the following dialog box appears Calibration A Ho calibration data available for this measurement mode al zer Calibration ia Frobe Calibration Cancel In this case select the User Calibration or the Probe Calibration and then proceed as described in 8 6 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode on page 106 11 Connect the IF Filter to the Bode 100 and the 50 2 load to the output of the IF filter as shown below IF Filter AS a 4 MAS 2 Ny g a ON N ai J2 o NAK GII Ll ECS A R AO O WE 94v 0 Juartz Filter E198312 DS 73 Bode 100 User Manual 12 Activate both traces and set the parameters as shown below W Trace 1 TR1 Color D Measurement Re action vw Display Data Format VSWR l Max TS Ymi oo Scale Lin Log TAI Log TRI1
75. f you use a load resistor different from 100 Q enter the exact resistance of the load resistor in the respective box in the Advanced area of the calibration window User Calibration Impedance Adapter Bain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Aftenvards press Start to perfor Calibration Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button H Advanced Load Resistor y Short Delay Time 0 00 5 10 Click the Start button next to Load in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background User Calibration Impedance Adapter Ban Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Aftenvards press Start to perom Calibration Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced x e e 115 Bode 100 User Manual Hint A yellow warning symbol displayed close to Advanced indicates that the short delay and or the load resistance entered in the Advanced area differ from the factory settings User Calibration Impedance dapter Ban Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perfor Calibration im e MMS Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced OF Cancel Help 11 Click __ You have done the Impedance calibration in the Freq
76. face supports OLE automation and allows quick access of the Bode 100 using OLE compatible controllers such as Excel or programming languages like Visual C This allows simple integration of the Bode 100 into automated measurement setups Additionally by using the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface you can directly control the Bode 100 with programs such as LabVIEW and MATLAB The Bode Analyzer Automation Interface is automatically installed during the Bode Analyzer Suite installation and is available for use as soon as a Bode 100 unit is connected to your computer You do not need to start the Bode Analyzer Suite to access the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface Figure 11 1 Object hierarchy overview on page 176 shows an overview of the command structure for the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface Note An overview on the measurement functions available through the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface is provided in the Automation Interface Object Hierarchy and in the Automation Interface Reference Both documents are located in the Automation subdirectory in the Bode Analyzer Suite directory You can find detailed information how to access this directory on page 177 175 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 11 1 Object hierarchy overview 176 Calibration Measuremet Settings Hint You can find a detailed overview of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface object hierarchy in the Automation subdirectory of the Bode Analy
77. from Zoom function see Copy from Zoom on page 131 89 Bode 100 User Manual 90 8 1 2 2 User Calibration The Probe Calibration will be switched off automatically if the following parameters are changed e Reference mode internal external reference e Conversion ratio of external probes see 10 9 Using Probes on page 171 e Input resistance of channel 1 and or channel 2 low high impedance Hint Use the Probe Calibration if measurement parameters have to be changed often during the measurements You will save time because you do not need to recalibrate the Bode 100 each time you changed the parameters User Calibration The User Calibration is the most accurate calibration method available with the Bode 100 The User Calibration is performed directly at the exact measurement frequencies In the Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection measurement modes the Bode 100 is calibrated at the source frequency In the Frequency Sweep modes the calibration is performed at the exact frequencies specified by the measurement points The User Calibration allows changing the following parameters without the need of recalibrating the Bode 100 e Source level e Attenuator 1 and attenuator 2 e Receiver bandwidth e Zoom without the Copy from Zoom function see Copy from Zoom on page 131 The User Calibration will be switched off automatically if one of the following parameters is changed e Frequency values e Sweep mode linea
78. g trace functions for advanced displaying of the measurement results in the Frequency Sweep mode e Average e Min Hold e Max Hold You can control the trace functions in the trace functions area of the tool bar Figure 10 22 Trace functions area of Riz Trace Functions TRIAVGOFF TR2AVGOFF R the toolbar l To activate the trace functions 1 Click the Trace Functions button 3u trace Functions to open the Trace Functions Settings dialog box Figure 10 23 Trace Functions Settings dialog box Trace Functions Settings Trace 1 Average f Min Hold Max Hold Trace 2 Average Min Hold Max Hold Process Depth i 0 ka Default OF Cancel Help 2 Inthe Trace Functions Settings dialog box select the trace function you want to use 3 Select the process depth to define the number of sweeps used for the calculation of the selected trace function The accuracy of the trace functions increases with the process depth value 4 Click OK You can reset all trace functions settings to the default values by clicking the Default button 147 Bode 100 User Manual Table 10 1 Averaging indicator 148 Hint You can switch the trace functions on off by clicking the TR1 AVG OFF button raw ore for the corresponding trace The first clicking of the TR1 AVG OFF button mi avsore starts the averaging After that clicking this button toggles between the averaged curve and the current not ave
79. gs function In the Configuration window you can find the DUT delay and Measurement period boxes Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement GainiPhase f Impedance Reflection Receiver RECEIVER 1 Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 1 kHz DUT delay 10 00 3 Measurement period Internal ai nae e reference OUTPUT The measurement period indicates the time the Bode 100 requires to perform measurement at one frequency point By multiplying this value with the selected number of measurement points you can get an estimate of the expected sweep time Advanced Functions Figure 10 17 Setting the DUT delay Example Expected sweep time for 401 points and a measurement period of 3 06 ms sweep time 3 06 ms 401 frequency points 1 2 s Some devices under test require a settling time when the input frequency has been changed e g phase locked loops The DUT delay allows setting this waiting time Let s assume our DUT requires a 10 ms settling time each time the input frequency has changed To allow for this waiting time enter 10 ms in the DUT delay box Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement GainiPhase f Impedance Reflection Receiver RECEIVER 1 Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 17 kHz DUT delay 110 00 me Measurement period Internal mena ISE me reference OUTPUT The measurement period is automatically updated When using the same number of me
80. h Settings 11 98M 11 99M TR1 Mag Gain 304 085 248 619 Q 55 466 Q Color u Measurement Gan y Display Data x Format Magde y Ymax 20 008 Ymin 100 00 dB Y Scale Lin Jump to Min Jump to Max C LogTR1 C Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory M Trace 2 TR2 Color u Measurement Reflection Display Data y Format Smith y Diagram Setup C Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data Source On Frequency Sweep Mode 14 To find the parallel resonance frequency of the quartz filter right click the curve in the upper diagram point to Cursor 2 and then click Jump to Min In the marked area of the Frequency Sweep mode window the series and parallel resonance frequencies and the corresponding measurement data are now displayed OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode TBR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 2074 44 23 D a 8 o HEN a User Calibration SIN ZX Probe Calibration N l X Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 Y Trace 1 TR1 11 996950 MHz 0 722 dB 58 9150 745 915 mQ 12 020350 MHz 82 570dB 234 453 mQ 244 034 Q Color MA 23 400 kHz 81 948 dB 58 681 0 243 288 Q Mesa Gan El Display Daa Format Magde v Ymax 20 00 d8 Ymin 100 00 dB Y Scale Lin C LogTR1 C LoglTRI Data gt Memory Main M Trace 2 TR2 Color a Measurement Reflection TR1
81. hat not all sweeps have to be stored for calculation The following table shows how the algorithms work for different trace functions Average The incremental averaging works up to over two billion sweeps Min Hold Max Hold The Min Hold and Max Hold trace functions always show the minimum or maximum of all so far measured sweeps without limitation The Min Hold and Max Hold trace functions work for the measurement format selected at the time the respective trace function was activated If the measurement format is changed the trace function is reset and starts again with a new first sweep 155 Bode 100 User Manual The following table shows how the process depth set to infinity is indicated 45 TRI 26foo If the number of sweeps is less than 100 the current number of sweeps is displayed a If the number of sweeps is greater than 99 the infinity symbol is displayed 10 5 Y Axis Scaling In all frequency sweep modes 4 and 3 you can select the linear or the logarithmic scaling of the Y axis You can select the scaling of the Y axis separately for each trace in the Trace menu Figure 10 25 Setting the Y axis W Trace 1 TR1 scaling coco Measurement Impedance Display Data Format lAs Ymax 306 23 ro hin min 294 44 mOhm Scale Lin t Log TAI f Log ITR1I Data gt Memory Main Advanced 156 Advanced Functions The default setting for the Y axis sc
82. he measurement results Due to the strongly varying parameters of directional couplers a calibration is mandatory before performing a measurement In the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode you can perform only Impedance Reflection measurements Therefore only the Impedance calibration is available in this mode Hint Some directional couplers show nonlinear behavior at the edges of their passband If your measurement frequency range is close to such nonlinearities we recommend to use the User Calibration to remove the nonlinear effects To calibrate the Bode 100 in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 1 Click the Frequency Sweep External Coupler toolbar button 4 amp 4 to switch to the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 2 Click the User Calibration toolbar button e User Calibration to open the calibration window User Calibration External Coupler hainPhaze Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced OF Cancel Help Calibrating the Bode 100 3 Plug the BNC straight adapter on the end of the cable 4 Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 5 Plug the BNC short circuit on the straight adapter connected to the cable 6 Click the symbol next to Advanced and then
83. ibration and without calibration by clicking the GAIN ON toolbar button camon Gain Phase Mode Congratulation You learned how to use the Gain Phase mode How to e Measure the gain and phase shift of a DUT using a sinusoidal signal at a certain frequency e Set the bandwidth attenuators and amplitude of the Bode 100 e Optimize the diagram gt e Compensate the connection cables in the Gain Phase mode As OMIfuzius said Only Go back to the overview chart at 3 Gain Phase Mode on page 19 and try applied knowledge different settings to check out their effect on the measurement changes the world We are responsible to change it to the better 33 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 34 Impedance Reflection Mode 4 Impedance Reflection Mode Figure 4 1 Impedance Reflection For the description of the menu bar Graphical display of measurement results mode window toolbar and calibration and trace Use the shortcut menu to optimize the display functions toolbar see 9 Common See Figure 3 4 Graphical display of Functions on page 117 measurement results on page 21 Results Select the result format and get result values See Figure 4 2 Impedance Reflection mode results on page 36 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode ile Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help Qaeda aarp a 0 0 a User Calibration ON Probe Calibration
84. ics explicitly exonerates itself from all liability for mistakes in this manual Please feel free to copy this manual for your needs Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Excel is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Visual C is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks Inc LabVIEW is a registered trademark of National Instruments OMICRON Lab and Smart Measurement Solutions are registered trademarks of OMICRON electronics GmbH Contents Using his Manllallaci orpcoraiaa o AA 7 Conventions and Symbols Used 0 0 0 eee eee ees 7 Related DOCUMENTS steeds Due eee A ted x oe tre T 1 INTOQUCION aimara ridad Ao 9 NO oe tee erat ane basal Goes to ests cr aoe dee Bee clan Stee ae ec 9 12 e AB AA A dea o os 11 lo OPIS CUONSS orando pt bl ds rt A ad hts bes ib 12 1 4 Standard Compliance 0 0 0 ce ees 13 1 5 Normative Conforman ias 200 4428282945348 F4 GR 884 13 110 Test COMPIANGS mirrors tierna A da 13 dak DEIS oka i oat a CoN eee ee Spb ASA AA ad 14 1 8 Additional Accessories ataca es ds aras dei 15 2 Getting la nedascesesa ns crdcds parana Rees eee Ea io disnea 17 2 1 Installing the Bode Analyzer Suite o oo oooooceonoooooo 17 2 2 Powering the Bode 100 0 es 17 2 3 Connecting the Bode 100 to the Computer o o o 17 24 TOW 10 Procee dices Sts rete e a Vd ee Ee a a EI eE 18 3
85. ie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help DEURA S D a 0 0 EEN a A User Calibration N ON Probe Calibration SIN Source Impedance Admittance Reflection Source Frequency 10 700 MHz Real y 50 305 Q Real v 19 878 mS Mag dB v 48 735 dB Imag v 204 248 m Imag v 80 711 ys Phase t y 33 706 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 10 Hz v Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Serial equivalent circuit Parallel equivalent circuit Rs 50 305 Q Rp 50 306 22 mmn E Ls 3 038 nH Lp 184 291 pH O 4 060 m D 4 060 m Answers e The real part of the impedance is 50 3 Q e The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is 48 7 dB Your results may differ because every IF filter and measurement setup is slightly different 103 Bode 100 User Manual had my first cable problem when was born but luckily the midwife solved that problem 104 Congratulation You learned the calibration of the Bode 100 in the Impedance Reflection mode How to e Eliminate the effect of the cable e Connect the cable in the open short and load condition e Connect the DUT Calibrating the Bode 100 8 5 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep Mode In the Frequency Sweep mode you can perform Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection measurements Therefore both the Gain Phase and the Impedance calibration are avai
86. indow 3 Gain Phase Mode Menu bar Allows access to all Bode 100 functions See 9 1 Toolbars Menus and Commands on page 117 Toolbar Contains shortcuts to the most important Calibration and Bode 100 functions trace functions toolbar disabled See Figure 9 1 Toolbar on page 117 Choose the calibration mode and Results switch the calibration on and off Switch the trace functions on and off See Figure 9 2 Calibration and trace functions toolbar on page 117 Select the result format and get result values See Figure 3 3 Gain Phase mode results on page 20 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode TAR rie _Nessrenen Cora Caton mae Tone Heb Oe ied ot RN MN 210 55 MY de User Calibration IX Probe Calibration Source Frequency 12 000 MHz Configuration 0 00 dEm Level Attenuator CH1 120 dB v Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Zoom Mode z O ti Receiver Bandwidth fi kHz ne Reset Axes Copy Copy with Settings Split bar Drag the split bar to resize the panes Configuration and measurement setup Source overload and connection See Figure 3 2 Configuration and indicators measurement setup on page 20 See Figure 3 5 Source overload and connection indicators on page 21 Graphical display of measurement results Use the shortcut menu to optimize the display See Figure 3 4 Graphical display of measurement results on page 21 19 Bo
87. ing the measurement results over several sweeps The noise reduction increases with the number of sweeps over which the measurement results are averaged The Average trace function displays a curve averaged over a defined number of sweeps The measurement results are averaged in the complex plane Each data point is a vector described by its real and imaginary part The averaged curve is calculated at each data point as the vector sum of the measurement results obtained during the sweeps divided by the number of the sweeps o G EL Eq 10 1 Avg n where the process depth n can be set between 1 and 99 or to the infinite value see 10 4 4 Setting the Process Depth to Infinity on page 155 149 Bode 100 User Manual Example n 10 First sweep mi 01110 The displayed curve after the first sweep is the current measurement Gj Gi Eq 10 2 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite C Documents and Settings BerBau00 Desktop BodeTestSetting Bode DBR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 074 44 23 a al J OFF IMP OF ON Probe Calibration GAIN OF VIP OFF Xa Trace Functions TR1 AVG ON TR2 AVG OFF X Frequency U race 1 Trace 1 TR1 Color u delta C2 C1 Measurement Gan y Display Data Format Magde y Ymax 27 54 dB Y min 121 9748 Y Scale Lin C Log TR1 C Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory J Trace 2 TR2 a ef ga A User Calibration A 9 5M 10 0M
88. ion Starts the User Calibration SHI see 8 Calibrating the Bode 100 on page 89 ne Starts the Probe Calibration car Probe Calibration see 8 Calibrating the Bode 100 on page 89 Opens the Trace Functions Settings dialog box for setting the parameters of trace functions see 10 4 Using the Trace Functions on page 147 Resets the trace functions see 10 4 Using the ni coer Macs PUDCHNONS Trace Functions on page 147 Opens the Options dialog box for setting the options see 9 2 Setting the Measurement Range on page 120 9 4 File Operations on page 121 and 9 4 1 Loading and Saving the Equipment Configuration on page 121 Connection Setup Xi Trace Functions Contents Starts the Bode Analyzer Suite Help Bode 100 Web site Opens the OMICRON Lab Web site www omicron lab com About Displays the Bode Analyzer Suite version 119 Bode 100 User Manual 9 2 Figure 9 3 Setting the measurement range 9 3 Table 9 8 Selecting the measurement speed 120 Setting the Measurement Range With the Bode 100 you can perform measurements within 10 Hz 40 MHz default frequency range and 1 Hz 40 MHz extended frequency range To select the measurement range click Options on the Tools menu click the Measurement tab and then select the frequency range for your measurement Options Startup Configuration Measurement CSW Esport Measurement ik Measurement Range 10 Hz 40
89. ion the reference plane of the impedance measurements is at the BNC connector of the Bode 100 source output Therefore if a DUT is connected through a cable the measured impedance is the combination of the cable s impedance and the DUT s impedance By calibrating the Bode 100 you can move the reference plane for the impedance measurement to the end of the connection cable and fully remove the influence of the cable In the Impedance area of the calibration window you can set the resistance of the load resistor and the short delay time as shown below User Calibration Impedance GainPhaze A IRGIRE ened Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Open Stark Performed Short Start Performed Enter the exact Enter the delay time of ARIES resistance of the load the short circuit used for Load Resistor 50 00 2 used for calibration calibration Short Delay Time 50 00 ps Factory setting 50 2 Factory setting valid for the short circuit delivered with the Bode 100 50 ps BE RRRRERERRRRREREREREEE x e to Hint If the entered values of the load resistor and or the short delay time differ from the factory settings a yellow warning symbol appears after the Advanced area has been collapsed Example Measure the input impedance of the IF filter at the BNC connector of the PCB and not the impedance at the input of the cable connecting the filter Exp
90. iver Bandwidth 1kHz Reference Signal SourceVoltage Attenuator CH1 20 dB Attenuator CH2 20 dB 5 A ee 6 Frequency Hz TR1 Gain Real TR1 Gain Imag TR1 Gain dB Bi 10000000 9 33E 06 1 15E 05 96 60731336 8 10003750 2 74E 05 1 96E 06 91 21655911 2 10007500 1 84E 05 6 89E 06 94 13590539 10 10011250 3 49E 06 1 35E 05 97 11576564 11 10015000 2 96E 06 1 46E 05 96 56593414 12 10018750 9 08E 06 1 27E 06 100 7497379 13 10022500 2 54E 05 1 58E 05 90 48951491 14 10026250 3 37E 05 1 15E 05 88 97996988 15 10030000 5 43E 05 4 57E 07 85 31074865 16 10033750 2 67E 05 1 45E 05 90 34793514 17 10037500 4 04E 05 5 94E 06 87 77771872 18 10041250 7 38E 06 1 71E 05 94 58396448 19 10045000 1 50E 05 1 48E 05 93 51799247 20 10048750 3 81E 05 9 19E 06 88 13388058 21 10052500 3 45E 05 3 42E 05 86 27164694 22 10056250 9 09E 05 1 53E 05 80 71211482 23 10060000 5 84E 05 1 62E 05 84 35237089 4 gt gt 100427 _CSVexport_IFfilter 2 4 122 Common Functions To adapt the csv file to your requirements you can choose between different decimal and value separators To select the separators you want to use click Options on the Tools menu click the CSV Export tab and then select the decimal and value separators Figure 9 6 Selecting the Options separators Startup Configuration Measurement CSW Export CSW Export Decimal Separator y Value Separator a aK Ca
91. k the Data gt Memory button to store the current measurement data into the trace memory 2 In the Display list select one of the following Data to display the current measurement data Memory to display the stored measurement data Data Memory to display the difference between the current and the stored measurement data Data 8 Memory to display the current and stored measurement data as two curves in the same diagram Advanced Functions Hint The Data Memory option is particularly useful to compare two electrical components of the same type because even smallest differences in the frequency behavior can be detected easily Figure 10 14 Selecting Display OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode fu nction File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 2054 44 23 PJ a 0 0 HENO A 2 User Calibration OX Probe Calibration X12 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 M Trace 1 TR1 Color MN delta C2 C1 Measurement Gain y Display Data y Data Memory Data Memory pa DatathMemor Ymin 1 80 77 dB Y Scale Lin C Log TR C Log ITRI1 Data gt Memory Main Trace 2 TR2 Format 11 99M 1 a fine ae TR1 Mag Gain Example Using the data and memory functions Example duration 15 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the data and memory display function in the Frequency Sweep mode How to e Copy the
92. l Requirements on page 183 8 1 Calibration Methods The Bode 100 supports two calibration methods the Probe Calibration optimized for measurements which require frequent changes of measurement settings and the User Calibration for most accurate results Note During startup the Bode 100 executes an Internal Calibration algorithm During this calibration internal attenuators and amplifiers are measured and calibrated 8 1 1 Probe Calibration 2 probe Calibration The Probe Calibration of the Bode 100 allows you to change several measurement parameters without the need of recalibration During the Probe Calibration calibration factors are determined at factory defined frequencies within the complete frequency range The calibration factors for the frequency points used by the current measurement settings are then obtained by linear interpolation Hint The Probe Calibration compensates effects of cables and broad band probes If you want to compensate frequency selective probes or if your cable length exceeds 10 m it is recommended to use the User Calibration see 8 1 2 User Calibration on page 90 The Probe Calibration allows changing the following parameters without the need of recalibrating the Bode 100 e Frequency values e Sweep mode linear logarithmic e Number of measurement points in the Frequency Sweep modes e Source level e Attenuator 1 and attenuator 2 e Receiver bandwidth e Zoom with 8 without the Copy
93. lable The actually performed measurements depend on the measurement type assigned to Trace 1 and Trace 2 W Trace 1 TR1 Color B Display Daa l Format IMag dE mar 20 006 min 100 00 dE Y Scale Lin f Log TAI f Log ITR1 Data gt Memory Main W Trace 2 TR2 Color a Display Data Format IMag dB mar 110 00 de min 40 00 d6 Y Scale Lin f Log TR2 Log ITRel Data gt Memory Main To perform the Gain Phase calibration in the Frequency Sweep mode proceed as described in 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement on page 26 or if you use an external reference proceed as described in 8 3 Calibration in the Gain Phase Mode External Reference Connection on page 92 For the Impedance calibration see 5 2 Impedance Calibration on page 62 Hints The calibration time for the User Calibration depends on the number of measurement points and the selected receiver bandwidth The calibration time required for the Probe Calibration depends only on the selected receiver bandwidth 105 Bode 100 User Manual 8 6 106 When working with the Bode 100 at frequencies below 10 Hz the calibration can take quite long Calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode By calibrating the Bode 100 in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode you remove the effects of the connection setup including the external coupler and if used the amplifier on the accuracy of t
94. le ae and p erorm the calibration by prez era t but Open Advanced OA Help Note In the Gain Phase mode no Impedance calibration is possible OF Cancel The Gain Phase mode is now calibrated for the current specific measurement setup Refer to 8 1 Calibration Methods on page 89 to learn in which cases you have to repeat the calibration if a parameter is changed 9 Click _ OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Eile Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 0644 44 24 Ph a 16 09 A a User Calibration IMP OFF cat Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF Xa Trace Function gt Result M Source Source Frequency 40 700 MHz 126 1 ad dB 00007 Configuration gt i In our case we read 126 udB 0 000126 dB and 0 000 Because we are close to zero your results may differ from this example Nevertheless the displayed values should be very small 95 Bode 100 User Manual 10 The calibration is done and you can replace the BNC straight adapter with your DUT as shown below 3 Bode 100 ICRON _ 96 Calibrating the Bode 100 8 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode By calibrating the Bode 100 you can remove the effects of the connection setup on the accuracy of the measurement results in the Impedance Reflection mode Without calibrat
95. libration in the Gain Phase Mode Internal Reference Connection 91 8 3 Calibration in the Gain Phase Mode External Reference Connection 92 8 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode 97 8 5 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep Mode 105 8 6 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 106 8 7 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode 110 COMMON FUNCION Su ios ore rears eo ces a eae eS 117 9 1 Toolbars Menus and Commands 0 000 e eee eee 117 9 2 Setting the Measurement Range 0 0 0 0 eee ees 120 9 3 Selecting the Measurement Speed 0000 eee ee ee 120 9 4 File Operations ricas raider de Skee aed adas 121 9 4 1 Loading and Saving the Equipment Configuration 121 9 4 2 Exporting MeasurementData oo o o 122 Advanced FUNCHONS 2 2 0 rara 125 101 Advanced Display ODIONS isso Gedo oe bee dad ee ws 125 10 1 1 Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection Mode 125 10 1 2 Frequency Sweep Modes 0000 eee ee ees 129 10 2 Advanced Sweep Options 0 eee eee 140 10 3 UNWiaPOeG PASC inca Ade 144 10 4 Using the Trace Functions 0 0 00 ccc eee 147 VO AVIO usina te GS eb ede ew eee eee Oe Gots 149 10 42 NAW Hold it hoe pte a AAA ee eg a ek 153 104 3 Max IOI A a deeds a ea aes Ww ae auld Som Swe ek 153 10 4 4 Setting the Process Depth to Infini
96. llest SMD components Example Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Measurement Expected example duration 30 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode of the Bode 100 How to e Connect the impedance adapters e Set configuration parameters like the start and stop frequencies and the bandwidth e Calibrate and compensate the connection system e Display the series inductance in Henry e Display the series resistance in double logarithmic scale Let s examine the impedance behavior of a wired coil Questions e What is the frequency range the coil can be used in e Does the coil become capacitive and if yes where is its resonance frequency e Does the coil have a series or a parallel resonance e What is the coil s series resistance To find out the answers proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 to the computer and start the Bode Analyzer Suite 2 Click the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter toolbar button fee to switch to the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode 3 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button to configure the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode 4 Select the receiver bandwidth 100 Hz Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Mode Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Receiver RECEMER 1 Bandwidth oH DUT delay 0 00 s Measurement period External 36 99 ms reference Int
97. ncel Hep 123 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 124 Advanced Functions 10 Advanced Functions The Bode 100 provides additional features extending the Bode Analyzer Suite functionality described in sections 3 to 9 of this User Manual This section describes these advanced functions which will make your daily measurement tasks with the Bode 100 even easier 10 1 Advanced Display Options In all measurement modes the Bode Analyzer Suite provides several possibilities to visualize the measurement results according to your needs You can control these advanced display options through the shortcut menus and or buttons in the main window 10 1 1 Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection Mode The shortcut menu in the Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection mode is shown below To open the shortcut menu right click a diagram in the graphical display Figure 10 1 Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection 5 mode shortcut menu Grid Cartesian a Zoom Mode Optimize selected 3 Reset Axes Grid Polar Copy Copy with Settings 125 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 10 2 Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection mode shortcut menu Grid Polar selected Optimize Figure 10 3 Diagram with default settings 126 Optimize Zoom Mode j Reset Axes b Grid Cartesian Copy Copy with Settings The Optimize command allows you to optimize the diagram by scaling b
98. ndow select the Phase format Trace 2 TR2 Color u Measurement Gain Display Data ormat Phase Ymax J181 71 min 81 29 Y Scale Lin t Log TR2 Log ITRel Data gt Memory Main 2 Click the Advanced tab and then select the Unwrapped Phase check box Trace 2 TR2 Unwrapped Phase Unwrapped Phase I Man Advanced Advanced Functions Figure 10 20 Example ofthe wrapped phase 3 Optionally you can activate the Unwrapped Phase function within a specific frequency range To do so select the check boxes next to Begin and End and then enter the begin and end frequencies between which a continuous phase is displayed Hint Activating the Unwrapped Phase function within a frequency range is especially useful when the phase is instable or noisy at the start frequency of the sweep 4 To display the wrapped phase again clear the Unwrapped Phase check box The following figures show a measurement with the wrapped and unwrapped phase TR1 dB 2H L 10 0M 10 2M 10 4M 10 6M 10 6M 11 0M 11 2M 11 4M HZ TR2 Phase Gain TR1 Mag Gain 145 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 10 21 Example of the unwrapped phase 146 TR1 dB 10 0M 10 2M 10 4M 10 6M 10 5M 11 0M THz R1 Mag Gain TR2 Unwrapped Phase Gain 11 2M 11 4M 700 of YL Advanced Functions 10 4 Using the Trace Functions The Bode Analyzer Suite provides the followin
99. ned how to use the Frequency Sweep mode How to e Visualize measurement data in a graph e Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth e Set sweep parameters like start and stop frequencies e Use cursors to read single measurement points e Calibrate and compensate for the cable Go back to the Frequency Sweep mode window in 5 Frequency Sweep Mode on page 47 and try things out Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 6 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode Figure 6 1 Frequency Sweep OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode External Coupler File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help mode window 2054 44 23 PA a 0 0 HENO A de User Calibration ON Probe Calibration X12 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 Y Trace 1 TR1 Start Frequency 10 000 Hz Color pa Stop Frequency 12 000 MHz Measurement Reflection Display Dat v Center Frequency 6 000005 MHz isplay Data Format Mag dB Span 11 999990 MHz Ymar 5 00 a8 Sweep Mode Linear v z Ymin 1 55 00 dB Y Scale Lin Number of Points 401 7 E C LogTR1 C LogITR1l Copy from Zoom Data gt Memory Configuration Main Level 0 00 dBm K MV Trace 2 TR2 Attenuator CH1 20 dB v ay pn ae B Attenuator CH2 20 dB a E M t Reflection y TR1 Mag Reflection easurement Reflection Receiver Bandwidth 100 Hz y Display Data Format
100. nfiguration on the Configuration menu or the Device Configuration toolbar button to open the Configuration window Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement GainiPhase f mpedanceReflection Receiver RECEIVER 1 Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 1 kHz DUT delay 10 00 3 Measurement period Internal Bi lisse AME me reference OUTPUT 169 Bode 100 User Manual 2 Inthe Configuration window select one the following options Table 10 3 Source control options On default The output source is always on Off The output source is off The output source is switched on only during a measurement or hl The output source is switched off immediately after a measurement is stopped Li The source status is indicated in the status bar of the Bode Analyzer Suite window Diagram Setup o e Export Traces Data The following table shows the source status as indicated in the status bar of the Bode Analyzer Suite window Table 10 4 Source control indicator The output source is on source ON ES The output source is off See The source output is on a measurement is e currently performed EEE The source output is off but will be immediately S switched on when a measurement is started Note If the output source is switched off no measurements can be performed 170 Advanced Functions 10 9 Using Probes With the Bode 100 you can use me
101. nnect Device toolbar button A 3 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button k to configure the Gain Phase mode 21 Bode 100 User Manual 4 In the Configuration window set Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup SOURCE Receiver Auto nomh 6 RECEIVER 1 Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 SD C orf 110 Hz DUT delay 0 00 s Measurement period Internal 265 24 me reference Level 10 00 dEm OUTPUT e CH2 50 Q ON click the switch as shown e SOURCE 10 7 MHz e SOURCE On or Auto e Receiver bandwidth 10 Hz e ATTN 1 channel 1 input attenuator 20 dB e ATTN 2 channel 2 input attenuator 20 dB e The switch a before ATTN1 to the internal source as reference lt Level 0dBm Hint Setting the receiver bandwidth to 10 Hz makes the readout more stable but also makes the measurement slower 28 Gain Phase Mode 5 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup OMICRON AA LAB Thru Cable or Probe Two Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe OF Cancel The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100 Charmel 2 External Probe Hint Set the voltage ratio in the box fia If you use a probe instead of cable connection see 10 2 Advanced Sweep Options on page 140 6 Connect the IF filter to the Bode 100 as shown 29 Bode 100 User Manual 7 Click __ to close
102. not used Consequently the External Probe boxes are unavailable 42 Impedance Reflection Mode 7 Connect the output of the Bode 100 to the input of the IF filter and the BNC 50 load to the output of the IF filter as shown IF Filter A EN jo E 8 Click 0 to close the Configuration window 9 For a better view of the impedance admittance and reflection vectors in the complex plane right click in the respective diagrams and then click Optimize 100 Zoom Mode 50 Optimize Reset Axes a o Grid Polar Copy Copy with Settings 50 100 100 100 43 Bode 100 User Manual 10 View the results OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode TBR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help D aAA M 2 0 0 de User Calibration ON Probe Calibration Source Impedance Admittance Reflection Source Frequency 10 700 MHz Real y 51 570 2 Real v 19 390 mS Mag dB 36 011 dB Imag v 344 520 M Imag v 129 537 pS Phase y Aras Configuration Level 0 00 dBm 0 015 Attenuator CH1 20 dB y i Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 10 Hz v Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Serial equivalent circuit Parallel equivalent circuit Rs 51 570 Q Rp 51 573 Q 80 EE Ls 5 124 nH Lp 114 827 pH O 6 681 m Q 6 681 m Result The measured values of the IF filter at 10 7 MHz are e Reflection coefficient 36 0 dB e
103. obe Calibration Source Impedance m Admittance Reflection Source Frequency 1 000 MHz Real y 26 198 Q Real M 2 597 pS Mag dB 2 255 mdB Imag v 3 176 kQ Imag v 314 854 ps Phase Ho v 1 804 Level 0 00 dEm 10 Configuration Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 10 Hz v Measurement 2000 0 2000 200u 0 200u Reference Resistance 50 00 Q fel S Serial equivalent circuit Parallel equivalent circuit Rs 26 198 Q Rp 385 026 kQ Eo Cs 50 114 pF Cp 50 111 pF Q 121 227 Q 121 227 40 Impedance Reflection Mode 4 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button to configure the Impedance Reflection mode Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Receiver RECEMER 1 RECEMER 2 ATTN 1 20 a8 y Measurement period L LO Internal Exte nal atts El mE reference Level 0 00 dBm OUTPUT 41 Bode 100 User Manual 5 Set e SOURCE 10 7 MHz e SOURCE On or Auto e Receiver bandwidth 10 Hz e Level 0 dBm 6 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Two Port DUT One Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe OF Cancel The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100 Hint In the Impedance Reflection mode the channel 1 and channel 2 inputs are
104. oints 401 y Configuration lieve 13 00 dBm Receiver Bandwidth 100 Hz v 10 10 10 Measurement f HZ TR1 Ls Impedance Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Y Scale Lin C Log TR1 Log TR1 Data gt Memory Main Advanced MV Trace 2 TR2 Color a Measurement Impedance Display Data y Format Phase y Ymax 197 30 Ymin 197 96 Y Scale Lin 10 10 f HZ TR2 Phase Impedance C LogTR2 Log ITR2I Data gt Memory Main Diagram Setup Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data 10 Note The window areas and screen elements in the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode are the same as in the Frequency Sweep mode For their description see Figure 5 1 Frequency Sweep mode window on page 47 In the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode you can perform a sequence of Impedance Reflection measurements and get a better grip on your electronic components by using OMICRON Lab impedance adapters for the Bode 100 see 1 8 Additional Accessories on page 15 The impedance adapters contain a special circuitry which extends the impedance measurement range of the Bode 100 By using the adapters you can quickly measure electronic components in various mounting forms The 79 Bode 100 User Manual 80 7 1 B WIC adapter facilitates measuring of all wired passive components while the B SMC adapter is especially designed for connecting even sma
105. opeeeeee E A OMICRON Future Pad Bode 100 User Manual WN Lab Bode Analyzer Suite C Documents and Settings AdministratoriDesktop quarz Bode urement Configuration Calibration Toots Help aaer gt s ajo naa oration User Calibration EN a F Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 a CIAT 12 196728 MH 16811 da Slat Frequency 11 322188 MHz 12022696 MHz 705138 Stop Frequency 12169855 MHz deta C201 113 032 bie HINGE enter Frequency 12 051027 MHz O TRIB Span 227 658 KHz Sweep Mode Linest ie Number of Peiris 201 a i pon Level 0 00 dim leceives Bandwidth 1 KHz X ement 50 00 8 195 11996 12 000 TRI Mag Gain Smart Measurement Solutions Bode 100 User Manual Bode 100 User Manual Article Number VESD0661 Manual Version Bode100 AE 4 OMICRON Lab 2010 All rights reserved This User Manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH This User Manual represents the technical status at the time of printing The product information specifications and all technical data contained within this User Manual are not contractually binding OMICRON electronics reserves the right to make changes at any time to the technology and or configuration without announcement OMICRON electronics is not to be held liable for statements and declarations given in this User Manual The user is responsible for every application described in this User Manual and its results OMICRON electron
106. oth axes so that you can see the complete measurement result in the highest possible resolution 1 2 Advanced Functions Figure 10 4 Diagram after applying Optimize 150u 100u 50u o 50u 100u 150u 150u 100u 50u o 50u 100u 150u Reset Axes The Reset Axes command resets both axes of the diagram to the default values 127 Bode 100 User Manual Zoom Mode Figure 10 5 Selecting zoom area Copy Copy with Settings 128 After clicking Zoom Mode the pointer changes to a magnifying glass when you move it over the diagram Press and hold the left mouse button to select the zoom area After releasing the left mouse button the diagram is rescaled to display the zoomed area 150u 100u 100u 150u 150u 100u 50u 0 50u 100u 150u To switch off the zoom mode right click in the diagram and then click Zoom Mode to cancel the selection To zoom out right click in the diagram and then click Reset Axes To optimize the graphical display right click in the diagram and then click Optimize By clicking Copy you copy the complete diagram to the clipboard Thereafter you can insert the diagram into all Windows software applications which support the insertion of graphical clipboard content By clicking Copy with Settings you copy the complete diagram as well as all relevant equipment settings to the clipboard From there you can insert the data into all Windows software applications which suppo
107. ource pedance Admittance Reflection Source Frequency 1 000 MHz Real v 51 813 9 Real 17 891 ms Mag dB Imag v 14 540 Q Imag y 5 021 mS Phase 74 767 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q rial equivalent circuit Parallel equivalent circuit Rs 51 813 Q Rp 55 893 Q le Ls 2 314 pH Lp 31 700 pH Q 280 620 m Q 280 620 m Equivalent circuits View the equivalent circuits see 4 1 2 Equivalent Circuits on page 37 Reference resistance Source overload and connection Set the reference resistance see indicators 4 1 1 General Formulas on page 36 See Figure 3 5 Source overload and connection indicators on page 21 Configuration and measurement setup See Figure 3 2 Configuration and measurement setup on page 20 35 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 4 2 Impedance Reflection mode results 36 4 1 4 1 1 Select the output format Select the output format Select the output format of the impedance of the admittance of the reflection measurement results measurement results measurement results Impedance Admittance Reflection 1 0131 17 891 ms 16 926 dB 14 540 2 5 021 ms A fb Display of the respective measurement results in the selected format Basics General Formulas The general formulas related to the Impe
108. ources 1 0n True myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Sources 2 On False Set mySelectedDevice myDocument SelectedDevice MsgBox Device Id amp mySelectedDevice Deviceld Serial amp mySelectedDevice SerialNumber amp selected and ready to use Else No device connected MsgBox No device connected End End If myBodeApp Quit End Sub E See Also Device Members For a complete description of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface see the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface Reference To access it 1 On the taskbar of your Windows operating system click the Start button and then point to Programs 2 Point to Bode Analyzer Suite point to Automation and then click Automation Interface Reference Congratulation You learned e Basics of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface e About the object hierarchy of the used command structure e Where to look for further information on the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface TaS Shout OLE to celebrate your new knowledge about the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface 177 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 178 i Troubleshooting 12 Troubleshooting 12 1 USB Cable and or Power Supply to the Bode 100 Is Missing If the serial number field in the status bar displays No Device on red background then the Bode Analyzer Suite does not communicate with the Bode 100 ae Solution Connect the USB cable
109. perform the Impedance calibration This type of calibration is also described in 8 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode on page 97 1 Click the Probe Calibration toolbar button xt Prete calibration to open the calibration window Probe Calibration M Galn Phaze Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perom Calibration M Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced Ok Cancel Help 2 Connect the cable you want to use for the measurement to the OUTPUT connector of the Bode 100 Plug the BNC straight adapter on the other end of the cable 62 7 Frequency Sweep Mode 3 Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background With the measurement settings the calibration may take a few seconds 4 Plug the BNC short circuit on the straight adapter connected to the cable 5 Click the Start button next to Short in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 6 Replace the BNC short circuit with the BNC 50 Q load 63 Bode 100 User Manual 7 For very accurate measurements or if you use a load resistor different from 50 Q click the symbol next to Advanced and then
110. quency you can enter this frequency directly in the frequency box next to the respective cursor Figure 10 10 Setting the cursor 1 toa Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 mequency 30 838 dB 33 403 dB 11 300 MHz 90 898 dB 25 518 dB delta C2 C1 600 000 kHz 60 060 dB 7 885 dB Copy from Zoom By clicking the Copy from Zoom button you can copy the start and stop frequencies of the zoom area to the sweep settings keeping the number of measurement points constant This function is especially useful to measure a detail of a curve with a higher resolution Note The Copy from Zoom command is available once the Zoom Mode has been activated 131 Bode 100 User Manual The following figure shows a zoom area of an measurement Due to the low number of measurement points within the area the displayed curve is not smooth Figure 10 11 Measured curve with OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite hewBodeMen purement Bode initial sweep settings File Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 04 44 23 Pa a 0 0 2 User Calibration IMP OFF gt OX Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF X4 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X Sweep 11 996968 MHz 1 523 dB Start Frequency 11 980 MHz 12 020330 MHz 69 118 dB Stop Frequency 12 040 MHz delta C2 C1 23 362 kHz 67 596 dB Center Frequency 12010MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear y Number of Points por y Copy from Zoom Configuration Level gt
111. r at the respective frequency 163 Bode 100 User Manual 10 7 Figure 10 28 Select the Shaped Level function Figure 10 29 Open the Shaped Level window 164 Level Shaping By using the Shaped Level function available in all frequency sweep modes By EE and fd you can vary the Bode 100 output level within the frequency sweep range Possible applications for this functionality include e Avoiding nonlinearities during Control Circle analysis e g of DC DC converters e Reduction of noise or avoiding overloads for circuits showing a high dynamic variation of gain within the frequency sweep range To activate the Shaped Level function 1 In the Configuration area click the Level arrow and then click Shaped Level Configuration Level 0 00 dEm 120 dE 20 dB E Level Shaped Level A Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz r 2 Click the Shaped Level button Configuration Shaped Level D 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB Attenuator CH2 20 dB y Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz b Advanced Functions In the Shaped Level window enter the frequencies and the delta output levels in dB relative to the reference level In the Output Level column the calculated output levels are displayed Figure 10 30 Enter frequencies and Shaped Level delta levels File Tools Help ok WW cancel Sl Print Le Print Preview Output Level Reference Level 0 00 dEm 100 000 kHz 15 00 dB 15
112. r logarithmic e Number of measurement points in the Frequency Sweep modes e Reference mode internal external reference e Conversion ratio of external probes see 10 9 Using Probes on page 171 e Input resistance of channel 1 and or channel 2 low high impedance e Zoom with the Copy from Zoom function see Copy from Zoom on page 131 Calibrating the Bode 100 Hint Use the User Calibration for the highest accuracy of measurement results or if you want to compensate for highly frequency selective components in your measurement setup such as narrow band measurement probes 8 1 3 Hierarchy of Calibration Methods The following table gives an overview of the Bode 100 calibration methods Table 8 1 Calibration methods Measurement Mode User Calibration Probe Calibration Gain Phase Calibrates the complete frequency range Calibrates at only one Calibration factor for the frequency measurement frequency measurement frequency is calculated by linear interpolation Impedance Reflection Frequency Sweep Calibrates the complete Frequency Sweep Calibrates at the exact peter Seto External Coupler frequency points used for measurement frequencies Frequency Sweep the sweep are calculated by linear Impedance Adapter interpolation You can activate the User Calibration and the Probe Calibration at the same time as shown below Figure 8 1 Activating de User Calibration IMP OFF CN Probe
113. raged sweep Xaa Trace Functions A TRI AvG ON Rz Awa OFF X Trace 2 W Trace 1 TR1 Color Measurement Gain Display Daa Format IMag dB mar 20 00 d8 rai 1100 00 dE Y Scale Lin t Log TAI t Log TA1 Data gt Memory Main The averaging indicator in the status bar shows how many sweeps are currently used for the averaging Fo TRA 01 10 1 out of 10 sweeps is so far used for averaging 5 out of 10 sweeps are so far used for averaging 10 out of 10 sweeps are used for averaging By clicking the Reset Trace Functions button 4 you can set the number of sweeps used to calculate the Average Min Hold and Max Hold trace functions to zero this restarts the trace function process The Reset Trace Functions button resets the number of used sweeps for both traces Advanced Functions The trace function indicator in the status bar can show four different statuses Table 10 2 Trace function indicator Trace function is switched off Average trace function is used MA TRI 10 10 Min Hold trace function is used RE Max Hold trace function is used 10 4 1 Average By using the Average trace function of the Bode 100 you can reduce noise and remove stochastic events Usually narrow receiver bandwidths are required to reduce the noise in a measurement leading to long sweep times Alternatively you can use a wide receiver bandwidth and reduce the noise by averag
114. requency 11 980 MHz 12 020550 MHz nese Stop Frequency 12 040 MHz 23 486 kHz 82 930 dB Center Frequency 12 010 MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear v Number of Points 401 X Configuration Sweep eval 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 20 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 99M 12 01M 12 02M f HZ TR1 Mag Gain Source On fo f 129 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 10 8 Displaying the zoom area X Axis Y Axis 130 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBo peMeasurement Bode Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 2054 44 23 MDM a 0 0 HENO a E User Calibration GAIN ON OX Probe Calibration Sweep X12 Trace Functions TR1 AYG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 11 996968 MHz 0 770 dB Start Frequency 11 980 MHz 12 020550 MHz 80 286 dB Stop Frequency 12040MHz deta C2 C1 23 583 kHz 79 516 dB Center Frequency 12010 MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear Number of Points 401 y Copy from Zoom Configuration Level gt 0 00 dim Attenuator CH1 20 dB y Attenuator CH2 20 dB z Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 990M 11 992M 11 994M 11 996M 11 998M 12 000M 12 002M 12 004M TR1 Mag Gain In the Zoom Mode the measurement is still performed in the whole frequency sweep range span the zoom
115. rints a report containing the diagram a Print measurement results and device configuration data le Print Preview Previews the print report Eto Enables you to exit the Bode Analyzer Suite Table 9 2 EE Gain Phase Selects the Gain Phase measurement mode l Selects the Impedance Reflection FE Impedance Reflection measurement mode Selects the Frequency Sweep measurement mode E Frequency Sweep Selects the Frequency Sweep External Coupler External Coupler measurement mode E Frequency Sweep Selects the Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Impedance Adapter measurement mode gt Continuous Starts a continuous measurement Measurement Hl Single Measurement Starts a single frequency sweep measurement Stop Measurement Stops a measurement The last result remains displayed Toggles between the High Speed and Full Speed mode see 9 3 Selecting the Measurement Speed on page 120 Ex Frequency Sweep High Speed Full Speed Mode 1 Only available in the Frequency Sweep modes 118 Table 9 3 Configuration menu 2 Command Description l s Opens the Configuration window for y Device Configuration configuring the Bode 100 Table 9 4 Calibration menu Table 9 5 Trace menu Table 9 6 Tools menu Table 9 7 Help menu Common Functions Shows the connection of the DUT to the Bode 100 ex Search and Reconnects the Bode 100 with the computer Reconnect Device User Calibrat
116. rt the insertion of graphical clipboard content Depending on the chosen Windows application the clipboard content is inserted as a graphic e g Microsoft Paint an editable text e g Microsoft Notepad or a graphic plus the settings in editable text format Microsoft Word Advanced Functions 10 1 2 Frequency Sweep Modes The shortcut menu in all frequency sweep modes Hil and fd is shown in the following figure To open the shortcut menu right click the diagram in the graphical display Figure 10 6 Frequency Sweep Zoom Mode Frequency Sweep Optimize External Coupler oe E and Frequency Sweep i Optimize Impedance Adapter Reset mode shortcut menu Copy Copy with Settings For the Reset Optimize Copy and Copy with Settings commands see 10 1 1 Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection Mode on page 125 Zoom Mode By using the Zoom Mode command you can select a zoom area for an in depth display of a part of the diagram The zoom function is a nice way to inspect particular parts of the measurement curve without having to change the measurement parameters Figure 10 7 Selecting the zoom area OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode AHR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help 2054 44 23 DM a 0 0 HENO A E User Calibration A Probe Calibration Xq2 Trace Functions TR1 AVG OFF TR2 AYG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 11 997064 MHz 0 966 dB Start F
117. st support center see Contact Information Technical Support on page 185 Powering the Bode 100 Caution Before powering the Bode 100 using a DC power supply different from the one delivered with the Bode 100 check the polarity of its output voltage see 13 2 Power Requirements on page 182 The Bode 100 is powered with an external wide range AC power adapter Before powering the Bode 100 select the adapter s mains input plug fitting your power outlet Plug the adapter s DC output connector into the Bode 100 DC power input on the rear panel and the mains input plug into the power outlet Alternatively you can power the Bode 100 with any DC power supply meeting the power requirements specified on page 182 Connecting the Bode 100 to the Computer The Bode 100 communicates with the computer through USB interface see 13 4 System Requirements on page 183 Connect the Bode 100 USB connector on the rear panel to the USB connector of your computer using the USB cable delivered with your Bode 100 17 Bode 100 User Manual 2 4 How to Proceed Now you are ready to work with your Bode 100 You can proceed with Section 3 Gain Phase Mode to make your first measurement with the Bode 100 and then go through the Bode 100 User Manual to learn the capabilities of your Bode 100 by doing practical examples For the Bode Analyzer Suite basics see Section 9 Common Functions Gain Phase Mode Figure 3 1 Gain Phase mode w
118. t a frequency e Set the bandwidth and amplitudes used for the measurement e Connect the DUT for the impedance and reflection measurement e Optimize the diagrams e Understand serial and parallel equivalent circuits After this example geta Go back to the overview chart at 4 Impedance Reflection Mode on page 35 glass of water to and try things out increase your reflection mode and your attention bandwidth Then try things out and right click and left click to everything that does not move on the screen 45 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 46 Frequency Sweep Mode 5 Frequency Sweep Mode Figure 5 1 Frequency Sweep Sweep settings Cursor settings Trace settings mode window Set frequency sweep Set cursors and view Define measurement format See Figure 5 2 Sweep measurement results and display options settings on page 48 See Figure 5 3 Cursor See Figure 5 4 Trace settings on page 48 settings on page 49 Trace functions settings Switch the Average Min Hold and Max Hold functions on and off See 5 1 Example Frequency Sweep Measurement OMICRON Lab Bod Analyzer Suite NewBodekleasurement Bode SEE Fie Measurement Cbnfiguration Calibration Trace Tools Help 2054 44 Ras Pa a 0 oOo HEN a ca User Calibration bbe Calibration Xy Trace Functions TR1 AYG OFF TR2 AVG OFF X Frequency Trace 1 Trace Trace 1
119. the BNC 50 Q load delivered with your Bode 100 to the output of the DUT 4 To obtain accurate measurement results calibrate the Bode 100 as follows 5 Connect the ground of the probe with the ground of the DUT and touch the DUT s input with the probe tip 6 Now perform the calibration in the Gain Phase mode as described in 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement on page 26 173 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 10 37 Touching the DUT s input with the probe s tip Hint Ensure that the probe s tip is in contact with the DUT s input all the time until the calibration is finished 7 After having calibrated the probe start your measurement at any point of the DUT using the probe Congratulation You learned how to use the advanced functions of the Bode 100 How to e Use the advanced display functions like Zoom and Copy to Clipboard e Use the advanced sweep options e Use the level shaping functionality e Use probes The first time used my measurement probe to zoom into an electrical circuit will always remain in my memory 174 Automation Interface 11 Automation Interface So far you have worked with the Bode 100 by using the graphical user interface GUI ofthe Bode Analyzer Suite Beside this very comfortable user interface for laboratory use the Bode 100 provides also an all purpose application programming interface API for interfacing with the Bode 100 The Bode Analyzer Automation Inter
120. to the computer and the Bode 100 and check the power supply Then click the Search and Reconnect Device toolbar button 4 to connect the Bode 100 with the computer 12 2 Lost Communication The loss of the power supply and other events can cause loss of communication between the Bode 100 and the computer In this case the serial number field in the status bar displays No Device on red background ae Solution Click the Search and Reconnect Device toolbar button 4 to connect the Bode 100 with the computer 12 3 Cannot Select Frequencies Lower Than 10 Hz To activate the extended frequency range of 1 Hz 40 MHz click Options on the Tools menu click the Measurement tab and then select the Measurement Range 1 Hz 40 MHz option see 9 2 Setting the Measurement Range on page 120 Note The activation of the measurement range of 1 Hz 40 MHz will increase calibration times including the internal calibration performed at the startup and each time you reconnect to the Bode 100 179 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 180 Technical Data 13 Technical Data 13 1 Bode 100 Specifications Table 13 1 Bode 100 specifications Characteristic Frequency range 10 Hz 40 MHz or selectable by the 1 Hz 40 MHz Bode Analyzer Suite extended frequency range Output voltage 0 01 1 Vrms into 50 Q load 2 dBm 13 dBm INPUT CH 1 INPUT CH 2 connectors Input impedance Low or high impedance select
121. ty 155 1059 A o ou tune de ee wee ee eee bee eee eee es ees 156 106 REC2O SWCD rasante ERAN aie th ao aa 160 10 7 Level Shaping ooo cocer 164 108 SOUE CONTO da dra RED E AA Ri 169 109 USING PrODO Simca eta ii ee Bee 171 11 Automation Interface ocooococnnrorar ees 175 12 FFOUDICSNOOUNGs cisnes 179 12 1 USB Cable and or Power Supply to the Bode 100 Is Missing 179 12 2 LOSt COMMUNIGAUON errar didas dd dro 179 12 3 Cannot Select Frequencies Lower Than 10 HZ 179 13 Technical Data idos ria 181 13 1 Bode 100 Specifications o oooooooooroononon nooo 181 13 2 Power RequireMentS o oooooconoanenn a 182 13 3 Absolute Maximum RatingS 0 00 00 cee eee 182 13 4 System Requirements n a naana aa aa ee eee 183 13 5 Environmental Requirements 0 0000 cee eee ees 183 13 0 Mechanical Data ieia dady awd ood ddeeddaeeda edo dea a paws 184 Contact Information Technical Support 0005 185 MACAO eaten ats 187 Bode 100 User Manual Using This Manual Using This Manual This User Manual provides detailed information on how to use all functions of the Bode 100 vector network analyzer properly and efficiently The Bode 100 User Manual is intended for all users of the Bode 100 providing instructions on the operation usage and measurement procedures Any user of the Bode 100 should have fundamental
122. uency Sweep Impedance Adapter mode 116 Common Functions 9 Common Functions In this section you can find the Bode Analyzer Suite basics The section provides an overview of the toolbars menus and commands common to all measurement modes Further on this section explains how to change the measurement range how to select the measurement speed how to export the data and how to store and load configuration files 9 1 Toolbars Menus and Commands Figure 9 1 Toolbar Search and Reconnect Device Gain Phase Continuous Measurement Frequency Sweep New Single Measurement 4 i va 4 7 Open Contents Save Device Configuration High Speed Impedance Full Speed Mode Reflection Print Preview Stop Measurement Frequency Sweep External Coupler Frequency Sweep Impedance Adapter Figure 9 2 Calibration and trace User Calibration Probe Calibration Trace 1 Functions On Off functions toolbar Probe Impedance Reset Trace Calibration On Off Functions ca UseriCalibration AN ProbelCalibration X12 User Impedance Trace Functions Calibration On Off User Gain Phase Probe Gain Phase Trace 2 Functions On Off Calibration On Off Calibration On Off 117 Bode 100 User Manual Table 9 1 Opens the NewBodeMeasurement Bode file _ New e l containing default settings Opens a Bode file P saved settings H Save Save Saves the device TE measurement H Save Ses calibration and measurement data and the graphical display settings P
123. weep mode you can perform a sequence of Gain Phase and or Impedance Reflection measurements and examine the results in different types of diagrams SWEEP Start Frequency MEET pta css Stop Frequency VASO MHz srptenvenoy Center Frequency 10 700 MHz conter one Span 1500 Hz 2e me veauency sweep Click Linear or Logarithmic to select the respective scale of measurement points Set the number of 1601 measurement points Copy from Zoom Copy from Zoom on page 131 Hint The start frequency stop frequency center frequency and span are mutually dependent After one of them has been changed the others settings are recalculated by the Bode Analyzer Suite Sweep Mode Linear Humber of Points Select the check box Trace 1measurementresult Trace 2 measurement result to activate cursor 1 marked by cursor 1 marked by cursor 1 Frequency marked Trace 1measurementresult Trace 2 measurementresult by cursor 1 marked by cursor 2 marked by cursor 2 Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 10 700 MHz 30 838 dB 33 403 dB 11 300 MHz 930 858 dB 25 518 dB delta C2 C1 600 000 kHz 60 060 dB 7 885 dB Frequency marked Difference of cursor Difference of trace 1 Difference of trace 2 by cursor 2 frequencies measurement results measurement results Select the check box to activate cursor 2 Frequency Sweep Mode Figure 5 4 Trace settings select the check box to activate trace 1 Set the color of trace 1
124. working knowledge of basic electronics general measurement techniques and the use of computer based applications running under a Windows environment Conventions and Symbols Used In this manual the following symbol indicates paragraphs with special safety relevant meaning Symbol Description Equipment damage or loss of data A possible Related Documents The following documents complete the information covered in the Bode 100 User Manual Title Description Automation Interface Object Hierarchy Provide detailed information on the and Automation Interface Reference Bode Analyzer Automation Interface available in the Automation subdirectory of the Bode Analyzer Suite directory Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank Introduction 1 1 Introduction Overview The Bode 100 is a multifunctional test amp measurement instrument designed for professionals such as scientists engineers and teachers engaged in the field of electronics lts concept universal hardware controlled by the Bode Analyzer Suite software running on a computer makes the Bode 100 an efficient and flexible solution for a wide spectrum of applications including Gain Phase measurements The Bode 100 measures the gain and phase of passive and active electronic circuits as well as complex electronic systems such as closed loop control systems video systems and RF equipment Impedance Reflection measurements The Bode
125. y for any other parameter will be corrected to ensure that all sweep frequencies start stop center are within the range of 10 Hz 40 MHz or 1 Hz 40 MHz if you selected the extended measurement range see 9 2 Setting the Measurement Range on page 120 55 Bode 100 User Manual 96 9 Set the reference resistance Default 50 Q Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Hint The reference resistance is used to calculate the reflection coefficient and the VSWR 10 Activate both traces and set the parameters as shown below Trace 1 TR1 Measurement Gain gt Display Daa v Format Magie y max 120 00 dE min 100 00 dB Y Scale Lin Log TRI Log ITAA Data gt Memory e Trace 2 TR2 Color a Measurement Reflection Display Data Format Smith Data gt Memory Main Advanced Frequency Sweep Mode 11 Ifyou have a larger screen you can adjust your window size Move the mouse to the lower right corner of the window ma and drag the corner Hint In addition to resizing the window you can click the split bar to hide the left and right panes to increase the size of the diagrams OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode AHR Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Trace Tools Help SARAS D a 8 o HEN E 2 User Calibration N E Probe Calibration IN l X Trace Functions TR1 AYG OFF T
126. you can protect the Bode 100 inputs and the source output from reverse power emitted by the DUT e g radio waves received by a broadcast antenna 68 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 6 1 Example Frequency Sweep External Coupler Measurement Expected example duration 30 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode of the Bode 100 How to e Connect an external coupler e Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth e Calibrate and compensate the connection system e Display reflection in VSWR format e Display impedance in polar format e Remove the effect of noise Let s examine the delivered IF filter when connected to the Bode 100 by means of a 50 Q directional coupler Questions e What is the VSWR of the IF filter within its passband e How does the impedance of the IF filter look like in polar format e What is the exact impedance and VSWR of the filter at its center frequency of 10 7 MHz To find out the answers proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 to the computer and start the Bode Analyzer Suite 2 Click the Frequency Sweep External Coupler toolbar button 4 to switch to the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 3 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button k to configure the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 69 Bode 100 User Manual 4 Set e SOURCE On or Auto e CH1 50 Q ON
127. zer Suite directory Figure 11 2 Example of code segment for accessing the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface on page 177 shows a typical code segment used to access functions of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface In this example a Bode 100 unit is searched for and after a device has been found measurement parameters are set Automation Interface Figure 11 2 Example of code segment for accessing the Bode Analyzer Public Sub Main Automation Interface Dim myBodeApp As New BodeAnalyzer BodeApplication Dim myDocument As BodeAnalyzer BodeDocument Dim mySelectedDevice As BodeAnalyzer Device E Example Visual Basic Set myDocument myBodeApp Document myDocument Devices ScanForDevices If myDocument Devices Count gt 0 Then select the first device myDocument Devices 1 SelectAndInit set default device settings myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Bandwidth Bandwidth_Hz100 myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup DUTDelay 0 000012 12 us myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Channels 2 Termination500hm True myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Channels 2 Probe ExternalProbe_Probel0tol myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Receivers 1 Attenuator Attenuator_dB0 myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Receivers 2 Attenuator Attenuator_dB10 myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Sources Level 20 20 dBm aren t possible is changed to 13dBm max Level myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup S

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