User Guide: Soil Parent Material 1 kilometre dataset.
Contents
1. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y The Soil Parent Material 1km dataset has a simple sequential workflow for each attribute component and an automated spatial generalisation procedure from the 1 50 000 scale SPMM v6 dataset Identify measurements and observations from archive sample records and rock descriptions that relate to the selected attributes e g carbonate chemistry Categorise the observations into classes groups of similar behaviours e g High Low where possible using published standards of classification such as BS 5930 Eurocode 7 or similar Assess whether the range of available evidence statistically supports the range of possible classes using typical tests such as ANOVA or whether expert judgement is required to subdivide combine categories e g it is not viable to predict an accurate CaCO3 content as across Great Britain but generic classes of High Medium Low can be delineated estimated Assess the range of lithostratigraphic variation of geological materials across Great Britain in terms of the categories and classes identified in steps 2 amp 3 Using combined 5 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 expert judgement and spatial analyses create a lookup dataset of expected attributes material characteristics and behaviours per lithostratigraphic unit 5 Combine the spatial map components of the Soil Parent Material v6 datasets with th2. 2 3 Map scale The Soil Parent Material 1km dataset is produced for use as a 1kilometre resolution vector grid 1000 m by 1000 m ground resolution The data are released in ESRI shapefile formats Other formats such as MapInfo TAB are available on request The standard data supplied to customers has polygons in a single layer or theme with 6 attribute fields 2 4 Coverage Data is provided to indicate the Parent materials and soils across Great Britain excluding Isle of Man 2 5 Data history This is the first version of the Soil Parent Material 1km dataset BGS is continually surveying and resurveying extending improving and updating the underlying geological maps and databases Version 1 released 2014 Derived from BGS Parent Material Map version 6 More details on this product can be found at this website http www bgs ac uk products onshore soiIPMM html 10 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 2 6 Limitations The PMM 1km datasets has been developed at cell resolution of 1km x 1km and must not be used at finer resolution All spatial searches against the data should consider the limitations of spatial comparison at this kilometre scale Local conditions may vary and this dataset should not replace detailed site investigations Further detail of the geology or parent material may be available on more detailed 1 10 000 scale or 1 50 000 scale geological maps The spatial distribution of the data is l
3. generally because of Lightest soils heterolithic parent materials such as interbedded sandstones and siltstones Lightest Soils Soils that are generally sand rich or silt rich Soils that exhibit highly variable soil textures or the presence of Peat generally due to the heterolithic nature of the parent material or is mode of origin Mixed or Organic soils NOA nens No data applicable typically inland water bodies OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 2 1 5 SOIL_TEX The Soil textures in the PMM1km dataset are concatenated texture codes that cover the basic Soil texture descriptions are defined as follows Definition Clay Soil is generally dominated by clay grade particles lt 0 002mm dia Silt Soil is generally dominated by silt grade particles 0 002mm lt 0 06mm dia Sand Soil is generally dominated by sand grade particles 0 06mm lt 2 0mm dia Loam Loam soils are soils with a distributed even mix of particle sizes Peat Not a texture term but defines areas dominated by Peat materials Moderators Clayey This terms indicates that the dominant typical texture is moderated by a component of clay particles Silty This terms indicates that the dominant typical texture is moderated by a component of clay particles Sandy This terms indicates that the dominant typical texture is moderated by a component of clay particles Peaty This terms indicates that the dominant typical texture in
4. sometimes called a fishnet grid with 1km x Ikm cell dimensions It is derived from the standard 1 50 000 scale Soil Parent Material v6 dataset by spatial generalised of the dominant Parent Material type less spatially prevalent parent materials being absorbed into the dominant class Dataset attribution is inherited from the dominant parent and comprises the following information 1 3 1 European Soil Bureau definition of Parent Material type ESB_DESC The European Soil Bureau ESB definition of Parent Material type provides the most applicable European definition of parent material type for each map unit The ESB code and description for a parent material is defined in the Georeferenced Soil database for Europe Finke et al 2001 and is summarised in Appendix 1 Multi lithic parent materials e g layered units of two or more contrasting lithologies are represented by two or more codes separated by _ The ESB description is useful for users considering integration of this database into European soil geology databases Alternative codes and definitions are available within the high resolution licensed dataset that provide opportunities for reclassifying the parent type via a number of hierarchical classification systems 1 3 2 Carbonate Content CARB _CNTNT This field classifies all forms of carbonate content in each parent material calcite dolomite siderite as a simple ranking of none low moderate or high with unkn
5. 720 eolian sands 721 dune sand 722 cover sand 810 peat mires 811 rainwater fed 8111 folic peat moor peat 8112 fibric peat raised bog 8113 terric peat 812 groundwater fed bog peat 820 slime and ooze 821 gyttja sapropel deposits 830 Carbon 831 lignite brown aceaous rocks coal caustobiolite 832 hard coal 833 anthracite 910 redeposited 911 sand and gravel natural fill materials 912 loamy fill 920 dump deposits 921 rubble rubbish 922 industrial ashes and slag 923 industrial sludge 924 industrial waste 930 organic materials 15 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 4 References British Geological Survey holds most of the references listed below and copies may be obtained via the library service subject to copyright legislation contact libuser bgs ac uk for details The library catalogue is available at http geolib bgs ac uk Avery B W 1980 Soil Classification for England and Wales Higher Categories Soil Survey Technical Monograph No 14 Harpenden Defra 2006 Cross Compliance Guidance for Soil Management Department for Farming and Rural Affairs PB11160 http www rpa gov uk rpa index nsf vContentByTaxonomy B0282EE0A3104193802570D1005AC787 OpenDocument Finke P 2007 Georeferenced soil database for Europe Manual of procedures Version 1 1 Hodgson J M 1997 Soil Survey field Handbook Soil Survey Technical Monograph No 5 Silsoe Lawley R 2009 The S
6. soil thickness are provided ranging from deep to shallow As a rule of thumb these categories are based on the ability to manually dig with a spade without being hindered by a substrate that is too strong to excavate i e layers of solid rock dense gravel or very stiff clays An example of a deep soil would be one developed over unconsolidated clayey Quaternary deposits and an example of a shallow soil would be one found in areas underlain by chalk or limestone Users should note that land management practices and natural weathering and accumulation or erosion processes of 4 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 soil materials play a significant role in controlling field scale soil depth it has not been possible to factor in these influences within the scope of this dataset 1 3 7 How the dataset was created Data was collated and interpreted from a number of different sources currently held by BGS The primary datasets used for the Soil Parent Material 1km dataset are Soil Parent Material Map V6 dataset The main spatial framework DiGMapGB PLUS Excavatability dataset GBASE Geochemical and related observational data Single Onshore Borehole Index SOBI BGS National Geotechnical Properties Database NGPD Industrial Minerals Assessment Unit IMAU Sand and Gravel dataset These datasets have contributed underlying information to the SPM1km attributes as follows
7. 1 668 2683 email scotsales bgs ac uk Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344 45 email bgslondon bgs ac uk Columbus House Greenmeadow Springs Tongwynlais Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland Colby House Stranmillis Court Belfast BT9 5BF Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www bgs ac uk gsni Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council Polaris House North Star Avenue Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www nerc ac uk Website www bgs ac uk Shop online at www geologyshop com OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 Contents a OR 1 RN A A ta 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 BI dee ados o o e oad 2 Who would benefit from the dataset ooccccccnnnnnncccnnnnnnononananacnnnconononenanarococononononananinos 3 What the dataset SHOWS csccsssccccccessvscesecctccccctentccseececcetecssverseccevecccuecscossoceccetectvectsesss 3 Technical ANfOrMAt OM noc ccdecsdeesesecesislecdeesccscticcecscscecsesecdsistecdeosccsececcetesstocseesseacsbscdcoustesceccesestice 2 1 22 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2A 2 8 Field descriptor uni pi eis E A A RS 7 Additi nal OMA de ad 10 MAP SC NS 10 COCO EEE E E E Gass aah nce Hecate ewe sates ecu os nea all T ease ooh nce ace 10 Da
8. 210 calcareous 211 limestone 2111 hard limestone soft rocks 2112 limestone marly 2113 limestone chalky 2114 limestone detrital 2115 limestone 2116 carbonaceous limestone 2117 lacustrine or freshwater limestone 2118 travertine calcareous sinter 2119 cavernous limestone 212 dolomite 2121 cavernous dolomite 2122 calcareous dolomite 213 marlstone 214 marl 2141 chalk marl 2142 gypsiferous marl 215 chalk 220 evaporites 221 gypsum 222 anhydrite 223 halite 230 siliceous rocks 231 chert hornstone flint 232 diatomite radiolarite 12 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 300 Igneous rocks 400 Metamorphic rocks Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 310 acid to 311 granite 3131 quartz diorite intermediate 312 granodiorite 3132 gabbro diorite plutonic rocks 313 diorite 314 syenite 320 basic plutonic 321 gabbro rocks 330 ultrabasic 331 peridotite plutonic rocks 332 pyroxenite 340 acid to 341 rhyolite 3411 obsidian quartz intermediate 342 dacite 3412 porphyrite volcanic rocks 343 andesite 3431 porphyrite interm 344 phonolite 3441 tephritic phonolite 345 trachyte 350 basic to 351 basalt ultrabasic volcanic rocks 352 diabase 353 pikrite 360 dike rocks 361 aplite 362 pegmatite 363 lamprophyre 370 pyroclastic 371 tuff 3711 agglomoratic tuff rocks tephra tuffstone 3712 block tuff 3713 lapilli tuff 372 tuffite 3721 sandy tuffite 3722 silty tuffite 373 volcanic scor
9. 5311 river terrace sand and sand gravels 532 or gravel flood 5312 river terrace gravel plain sand or 5321 flood plain sand gravel 5322 flood plain gravel 540 fluvial clays 541 riverclayand 5411 terrace clay and silt silts and loams silt 5412 terrace loam 5413 floodplain clay and silt 542 river loam 543 overbank 5431 floodplain clay and deposits silt 5432 floodplain loam 550 lake deposits 551 lake sand and delta sand 552 lake marl bog lime 553 lake silt 560 residual and 561 residualloam 5611 stony loam redeposited 5612 clayey loam loams from silicate 562 redeposited 5621 running ground loam rocks 570 residual and 571 residual clay 5711 clay with flints redeposited 5712 ferruginous residual clays from clay calcareous rocks 5713 calcareous clay 5714 non calcareous clay 5715 marly clay 572 redeposited 5721 stony clay clay 580 slope deposits 581 slope wash alluvium 582 colluvial deposits 583 talus scree 5831 stratified slope 14 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 010 Unconsolidated glacial deposits glacial drift 700 Eolian deposits 800 Organic materials 900 Anthropogenic deposits Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 deposit 610 morainic 611 glacial till 6111 boulder clay deposits 612 glacial debris 620 glaciofluvial 621 outwash sand deposits glacial sand 622 outwash gravel glacial gravel 630 Glacio 631 varves lacustrine deposits 710 loess 711 loamy loess 712 sandy loess
10. British Geological Survey NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL User Guide Soil Parent Material 1 kilometre dataset Environmental Modelling Internal Report OR 14 025 f The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data Crown Copyright and database rights 2012 Ordnance Survey Licence No 100021290 Keywords Parent Material Soil UKSO National Grid Reference SW corner 999999 999999 Centre point 999999 999999 NE corner 999999 999999 Map Sheet 999 1 99 000 scale Map name Front cover Soil Parent Material 1km dataset Bibliographical reference LAWLEY R USER GUIDE SOIL PARENT Material 1 Kilometre dataset 2012 User Guide Soil Parent Material 1km dataset British Geological Survey Internal Report OR 14 025 20pp Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council NERC and or the authority that commissioned the work You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section British Geological Survey Keyworth email iprObgs ac uk You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping O NERC 2014 All rights reserved BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRON
11. MENTAL Modelling INTERNAL REPORT OR 14 025 User Guide Soil Parent Material 1 kilometre dataset R Lawley Contributor editor B Rawlins Keyworth Nottingham British Geological Survey 2012 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at Nottingham Edinburgh London and Cardiff Welsh publications only see contact details below or shop online at www geologyshop com The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications this catalogue is available online or from any of the BGS shops The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland and of the surrounding continental shelf as well as basic research projects It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in developing countries The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council British Geological Survey offices BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 email enquiries bgs ac uk Fax 0115 936 3276 Environmental Science Centre Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG Tel 0115 936 3241 email sales bgs ac uk Fax 0115 936 3488 Murchison House West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3LA Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 013
12. as explicitly defined attributes for the following characteristics e European Soil Bureau PM type e Soil Texture e Soil Group generalised soil texture OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 e PM texture e PM Carbonate Content e Soil Layer thickness 1 2 Who would benefit from the dataset It is envisaged that Parent Materials 1km is of interest to a wide range of users working in the field of environmental science from ground engineering and landscape modelling to climate change impact assessment The dataset has been designed for a diverse user base and simply presents BGS geological and pedological spatial data in a manner that is more flexible for GIS aware environmental scientists A basic understanding of geology and soils is recommended so that users can fully utilise the dataset but any user with a grasp of physical geography should be able to work with the dataset The database sets out simplified qualitative descriptions of 6 basic PM and soil characteristics available from the UKSO and mySoil smartphone app The 1km dataset is designed to work with similar 1km resolution data available from BGS and other organisations working in soil research More expert users may want to use the high resolution 1 50 000 scale dataset to integrate with climate land use and terrain data to create high resolution digital soil models 1 3 What the dataset shows The Soil Parent Material 1km dataset is a vector grid
13. ata applicable typically inland water bodies In the 1 50 000 scale dataset this field is called CaCO3 CNTNT OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 2 1 3 PMM_GRAIN The Parent Material Grain size descriptions are defined as follows Term used Definition Typical Particle size mm Argillaceous Materials that are dominantly fine grained Argillic clay and silt grade Materials that are dominantly medium grained fine to medium sand grade Materials that are dominantly coarse grained coarse sand to gravel grade Arenaceous 0 06 2 0 Rudaceous 2 0 Peat Material is Peat Materials that are dominantly composed of fine crystals Materials that are dominantly composed of medium crystals Materials that are dominantly composed of coarse crystals Not No data applicable typically inland water Applicable bodies Fine Medium 0 25 gt 2 Coarse 2 0 2 1 4 SOIL_GROUP The Soil Group descriptions broad trends in soil texture as commonly used by DEFRA are defined as follows Term used Definition Heaviest soils Soils that are generally clay rich Medium and to Soils that range from clay rich to loamy generally because of heterolithic Heavy soils parent materials such as interbedded mudstones and sandstones Medium soils Soils that are generally loamy Medium and to Soils that range from loamy to silt rich or sand rich
14. cludes a component of Peat Chalky This terms indicates that the dominant typical texture includes a component of Chalk as sand grade or gravel grade fragments 2 1 6 SOIL_DEPTH The Soil depth descriptions broad trends in soil thickness are defined as follows Term used Definition A thick soil profile is likely Soil and any underlying parent Material should be easily dug to a depth of more than 1m Deep The soil profile may vary from thick to intermediate Soil and any underlying intermediate Parent Material can be dug to a depth of 1m and possibly more in some places A typical soil profile is likely Soil and any underlying Parent Material can be dug to a depth of 1m Intermediate The soil profile may vary from thin to intermediate The underlying Parent shallow Material is potentially difficult to dig at depths greater than 0 5m A thin soil profile is likely Digging the Parent Material beneath the soil will be extremely difficult at a depth of 0 5m or possibly less Deep Intermediate Shallow Not applicable No data applicable typically inland water bodies 2 1 7 PMM1k_UID This field uniquely identifies each object in the map It is used for auditing and identification purposes 2 1 8 VERSION This field identifies the dataset it is set to DPPMM_1km_V1 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 2 2 Additional information
15. descriptor Each field comprises some form of text description or classification which follows a basic definition of its characteristics as described in the following tables 2 1 1 ESB_DESC The ESB descriptions are defined in Appendix 1 There are 155 ESB codes defined in the SPM 1km dataset 2 1 2 CARB_CNTNT The carbonate content descriptions are defined as follows Term used Definition High Parent type has a high CaCO3 content due to its primary mineralogy e g Chalk Parent type has a variable but possibly high CaCO content due to lithological variation e g Interbedded limestone and calcareous mudstone beds Parent type has a moderate CaCO content due to its primary mineralogy e g dolomite Parent type has a variable high to low CaCO3 content due to heterolithic distribution of carbonate e g Till with chalk gravel Parent type has a low CaCO content due to its primary mineralogy e g weakly calcareous cemented mudstone Parent type has a variable but typically low CaCO content e g mudstone with intermittent weakly calcareous sandstone beds Variable high Mod Variable Low Variable low None Parent type has a no primary CaCO content Parent materials whose precise lithology is unclear generally highly variable Unknown at short scales or from a location that no mineralogical geochemical data is available to confirm primary mineralogical content Not applicable No d
16. e lookup dataset created in step 4 using standard GIS spatial and or attribution join techniques to create new map of fill characteristics 6 Apply a fish net generalisation to the dataset by identifying the dominant parent material type by area on a 1km by 1km vector grid Each grid cell is assigned the classification of the dominant feature type 7 Submit data for standard BGS digital data checking procedures to assess completeness and cleanliness of content Categorisation of the data and assignment of classes have been mostly made by expert judgement in order to create look up tables of lithostratigraphic rock type and associated engineering properties The methods used are similar to those described in the methodology report for the underpinning Soil Parent Material v6 dataset Lawley 2008 Assignments of characteristics have been made at the formation level of lithostratigraphic classification of rock deposit type Spatial data creation and fill attribution has been completed using standard ESRI ARCGIS EDITOR Version software OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 2 Technical information 2 1 Field descriptors The data fields included in this dataset are as follows ESB CARB PMM SOIL SOIL PMM1k VERSION DESC CNTNT GRAIN GROUP TEX UID Text Text Text Text Text Text Unique Data description description description description description description Identifier
17. f parent material and soil properties in Great Britain A parent material is a geological deposit over and within which a soil develops Typically the parent material is the first recognisably geological deposit encountered when excavating beneath the soil layer It represents the very near surface geology In general the geological deposits closest to the ground surface are the most weathered whilst the deeper deposits are less so The interface between soil and parent geology can vary from a sharp clearly defined boundary to a diffuse continuum with no distinctive point of transition The major soil groups in the UK are distinguished by broad differences in the composition or origin of the soil material Avery 1980 A soil s parent materials play a vital role in determining soil type Typically parent material characteristics control three primary characteristics of their overlying soils e Texture e Gross soil Chemistry geo genic component e Permeability Porosity drainage A range of material characteristics physical and chemical are implicitly defined in the typical geological rock deposit descriptions provided in many BGS products and most geologists are able to interpret the information from their own experience and knowledge However these characteristics are easier to use by non geologists when explicitly defined as they are in the Soil Parent Materialdatabase The Soil Parent Material 1km data h
18. g acknowledgement which should be included in any material that reproduces or uses the BGS materials or data Contains British Geological Survey materials ONERC year The terms of use for every product under OpenGeoscience are displayed clearly at the top of every page 2 8 Contact information For all data and licensing enquiries please contact Enquiries British Geological Survey Kingsley Dunham Centre Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG Direct tel 44 0 115 936 3143 Fax 44 0 115 9363150 Email enquiries bgs ac uk 11 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 3 Appendix 1 European Soil Bureau Descriptions of Parent Materials Major Class 100 Consolidated clastic sedimentary rocks 200 Sedimentary rocks chemically precipitated evaporated or of organogenic or biogenic origin Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 Group Type Subtype 110 psephite or 111 conglomerate 1111 pudding stone rudite 112 breccia 120 psammite or 121 sandstone 1211 calcareous sandstone arenite 1212 ferruginous sandstone 1213 clayey sandstone 1214 quartzitic sandstone orthoquartzite 1215 micaceous sandstone 1216 feldspathic sandstone 122 arkose 123 greywacke 1231 feldspathic greywacke 130 pelite agillite 131 claystone 1311 kaolinite bentonite lutite or 132 mudstone 1312 siltstone 140 facies rocks 141 flysch molasse 1411 sandy flysch clayey bound 142 1412 and silty flysch 1413 conglomeratic flysch
19. ia 3723 clayey tuffite 374 volcanic breccia 375 volcanic ash 376 ignimbrite pumice 410 weakly 411 meta shale 4121 graphitic slate metamorphic 412 argillite slate rocks 420 acid regional 421 meta 4211 quartzite schist metamorphic 422 quartzite rocks 423 phyllite mica schist 424 gneiss 425 granulite 426 sensu stricto migmatite 430 basic regional 431 greenschist 4311 prasinite chlorite metamorphic 4312 schist talc schist rocks 4313 432 amphibolite 433 eclogite 440 ultrabasic 441 serpentinite 4411 greenstone regional metamorphic rocks 450 calcareous 451 marble regional 452 calcschist metamorphic skarn rocks 13 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 500 Unconsolidated deposits alluvium weathering residuum and Slope deposits Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 460 rocks formed 461 contact slate 4611 nodular slate by contact 462 hornfels metamorphis 463 calcsilicate m rocks 470 tectogenetic 471 tectonic metamorphic 472 breccia rocks or 473 cataclasite cataclastic mylonite metamorphis m 510 marine and 511 pre 5111 Tertiary sand estuarine 512 Quaternary 5121 Holocene coastal sands sand 5122 sand with shells Quaternary delta sand sand 520 marine and 521 pre 5211 Tertiary clay Tertiary estuarine clays 522 Quaternary 5212 silt Holocene clay and silts clay and silt 5221 Holocene silt Quaternary 5222 clay and silt 530 fluvial sands 531 river terrace
20. imited by the spatial accuracy and resolution of the digital geological map data DiGMapGB 50 V6 Spatial mismatches of parent material related to mismatches in lithology type i e variation in LEX_RCS across map sheet boundaries are unavoidable and require resolution by reference to higher resolution map information Further detail of the geology or parent material may be available on more detailed 1 10 000 scale or 1 50 000 scale geological maps The PMM 1km data are created as vector polygons and are available in a range of GIS formats including ArcGIS shp ArcInfo Coverages and MapInfo tab More specialised formats may be available but may incur additional processing costs The PMM 1km dataset is concerned with the properties and potential use of NATURAL geological deposits and conditions only It does NOT cover any man made constructions or materials The PMM 1km is based on and limited to an interpretation of the records in the possession of The British Geological Survey at the time the dataset was created An indication of the typical characteristics of a rock or soil does not necessarily mean that the properties are consistent throughout the outcrop Such an assessment can only be made by inspection of the area by a qualified professional 2 7 Licensing information To encourage the use and re use of this data we have made the data within Parent Materials 1km available under the Open Government Licence subject to the followin
21. ment based on field survey and description of the deposits Where a parent material comprises more than one type of deposit a range of classes is recorded Deposits that are known to be heterolithic are identified by the term mixed Note that geologists use different grain size descriptions for rocks originating from sedimentary and igneous lithologies and that peat is not attributed with a grain size term peat is used to denote areas of peatland where we hold no alternative grain size information 1 3 4 Soil Group SOIL_GROUP This is a generalised description of soil texture found over different parent material types in terms of Heavy Medium or Light soils as broadly indicated in the Defra Cross Compliance Guidance for Soil Management Defra 2006 These generalised soil texture groupings are derived by comparing samples of measured soil textures clay silt and sand against a simplified grain size ternary plot Note that this map uses terms that refer to light soils i e sand silt rich medium soils i e loams and heavy soils i e clay rich The classifications are based on analyses of archived BGS G BASE and geotechnical samples as well as expert judgment where sample data is not available Most parent materials generate a broad range of soil textures so these groupings should be regarded as indicative The Mixed or Organic classification denotes highly variably textured soils or the presence of peat no textu
22. oil Parent Material Database Methodology Nottingham UK British Geological Survey 49pp OR 08 035 16
23. own or variable for heterolithic and multilithic parent units As a very general rule soils that have formed over carbonate rich parent material typically have large carbonate contents which means they strongly buffer acidity from agricultural or atmospheric sources The Parent Material Carbonate Content classification is based on expert judgment of the likely content of carbonate Mg CaCO3 in the total rock mass of each parent material For example High carbonate content would be expected for a chalk or limestone parent material type Low carbonate content would be representative of weakly calcite cemented sandstone The term variable is used where the parent material comprises two or more distinct lithologies e g interbedded limestone and mudstone where it is not possible to clearly identify the precise parent type at any given location Users should note that land management practices and natural weathering processes of parent 3 OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 materials play a significant role in controlling carbonate content it has not been possible to factor in these influences within the scope of this dataset and so the classes shown in this dataset should be regarded as wholly indicative 1 3 3 Parent Material Grain Size PMM_GRAIN This is a generalised textural description of the Parent Material The grain size values are derived from analyses of samples taken from the parent material and also expert judge
24. re data is available for peaty soils 1 3 5 Soil Texture SOIL_TEX This is a general classification of soil texture derived from measured samples of soils overlying different parent materials Soil texture classes are based on a UK classification of soil texture These soil texture classifications are derived by comparing samples of measured soil textures clay silt and sand against the soil grain size ternary plot designed by The National Soil Resources Institute Hodgson 1997 The classifications are based on analyses of archive G Base and geotechnical samples as well as expert judgment where sample data is not available Note that the map uses terms that refer to Sandy soils Silty soils Clayey soils and Loamy soils with additional indicators for the presence of Chalk fragments Chalky and Peat Peaty Most parent materials generate a broad range of soil textures so these terms should be regarded as indicative The Varied Locally Peaty classification denotes variably textured soils that are typically found in alluvial systems 1 3 6 Soil layer thickness SOIL_DEPTH This is a general classification of soil thickness soil depth typically found on different Parent Material types These soil thickness classifications are derived by using expert judgement to compare records of measured soil depth observed from borehole records with engineering strength characteristics of the underlying Parent Materials Five categories of
25. ta US A A eel oe etn 10 E 11 ACER MS NOM Aa ada 11 CU a nee 11 3 Appendix ee 12 A gt Referente iii o OR 14 025 Draft 0 1 Last modified 2015 01 21 09 56 1 Introduction This document provides information for users of the Soil Parent Material 1km dataset The Soil Parent Material Ikm SPM1k database is part of a series of GIS maps designed to help environmental scientists and consultants assess the characteristics of the near surface weathered zone In particular the data focuses upon the material from which top soils and subsoils A and B horizons develop i e from the base of pedological soil down to c 2 3m This Soil Parent Materiallkm resolution dataset is provided as a free to use dataset under the Open Government License The 1km dataset is derived from the standard 1 50 000 scale Soil Parent MaterialV6 dataset by spatial generalising onto a regular vector grid of 1km cell size the dominant Parent Material type onto a 1km resolution vector grid Each grid cell being attributed seven fields of simple information derived from the dominant parent type The attribution of the dataset mirrors that available within the UK Soil Observatory www UKSO org The 1km resolution makes the data an ideal vector layer to use with other freely available layers from the UKSO 1 1 Background In 2005 the British Geological Survey initiated a development programme to produce thematic datasets that identified and portrayed a variety o
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