QUAL2E Windows Interface User`s Guide
Contents
1. 13 5 3 Saving Input Elles uc eee hee ben Pe den ae 14 5 4 Setting Up a Default Editor for Viewing Output Files 14 5 5 Submitting an Input File the Model 16 5 6 QUAL2E Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys 16 5 7 Import File Option QUAL2E 17 5 8 How to Use the Graphics Routine 17 5 9 Array Screen Capabilities in 2 18 510 SUNIEGONVEFSION pi Rta eed ow ed alice tae deta et te 19 6 EXAMPLE RUNS de VER the e gua ei das 21 6 1 Example 1 Dirty River Reaches DO BOD TEMP Simulation 21 6 2 Example 2 Withlacoochee River QUAL2E and Uncertainty Analysis 32 6 3 Example Dynamic Diurnal Simulation 32 APPENDIX REFERENCE CONTENTS continued QUAL2E WINDOWS INTERFACE DESIGN TABLES Number Page 3 1 Input Screen Sequence QUAL2E Windows Interface 8 3 2 Element Types Used in 2 9 6 1 Example Run Matrix for QUAL2E Windows Interface2. URN SE MI 2 3 pe A _ ft arayscreen TT 1 Headwater Source Data _ _to eabwarennnaye e af 10 FLOW m FLOW 3 5 10 TEMP 35 135 70 0 F 2550 aoe BEER DO 47 Table 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range HWTR 10 BOD mg l 16 5 1 F 0 1000 mg l BOD HwTR 10 CONS 1 nname 16 21 CM1 om HWTR 10 2 name 16 7 21 from CM2 6 13 HWTR 10 CONS 3 16 2 1 CM3 6 15 HWTR 10A NON CONS 16 2 1 rom ANC 6 18 HWTR 10A COLIFORM n No 100ml COLI ee a Ew AC NO3N mue IHE PORG Ee E A DISP AAA qeamyeee total of point loads amp withdrawals determines of EH rows M obtained from Screen No njreacnno eg 7 cu jeno C dc AS E __ OR pem PTLD 11 n 17 5 1 0 0 1 0 PTLD 11 FLOW 17 1 F 999 ft3 s m FLOW 999 3 s PTLD 1 TEMP 35 135 70 0 F A A a ee E METI Lc L 3 0 15 mg l D
3. 22 6 2 Example Input files with QUAL2E Windows and QUAL2E 23 FIGURES 2 1 QUAL2E Constituent Interactions 5 5 1 Different Files and Their Usage a QUAL2E Model Run 15 6 1 Sketched Stream System for a Study Area 23 6 2 Computational Elements in Example 1 24 6 3 Entering Data in QUAL2E Windows Interface Screens 25 6 4 QUAL2E Graph from Example 1 33 6 5 Phosphorus Concentration vs Distance 33 1 INTRODUCTION The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model QUAL2E is a comprehensive and versatile stream water quality model It can simulate up to 15 water quality constituents in any combination desired by the user Brown and Barnwell 1987 The model is applicable to dendritic streams that are well mixed It uses a finite difference solution of the advective dispersive mass transport and reaction equations The model is intended for use as a water quality planning tool QUAL2E UNCAS is an enhancement to QUAL2E that allows the user to perform uncertainty analysis Three uncertainty options are employed in QUAL2E UNCAS sensitivity analysis first order error analysis and Monte Carlo simul
4. A A 1 Downstream Point source Withdrawal Dam p gene dn cry er Mr We gs woo ou oy Water Quality Simulation 0 muee 4 al Lgs mmeo Phosphorus cycle mmeo 444 Nrgenoe mena 4 5 al Beeesoggen meo dl fFecalcoliform_____ Iz LI Numberot constituents 4 el ps Constituent 1 0 rmgo 4 ESTE A A pur al tel fos P EA O o E 5 HE TARA A _______ mneos 46 a o dwi 22 i eee esce concentrations s BOD5 1 5 day ultimate BOD conversion af umm and E Data ean ___ 0 0 0 928 _______ meridian deg 5 sl al 75lpEG 39 Table 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range 1 Basin Elevation ft ELEV 5 4 1 400 1000 ft 12000 E E 0 15 gt s s T ECOE 1 AE 5 1 F 0 0006 0 0010 ft hr i F
5. Water quality constituents can be simulated under either steady state or quasi dynamic conditions If 11 either the phosphorus cycle or the nitrogen cycle is not being simulated the model presumes they will not limit algal growth Note that QUAL2E can simul ate either ultimate BOD or 5 day BOD 5 The model simulates ultimate BOD in the general case If the user wishes to use 5 day BOD for input and output the program will internally make the con version to ultimate BOD On Screen 4 if only BOD is chosen the ultimate BOD will be simulated if both BOD and BOD5 are selected the 5 day BOD input output option is applied Geographical and climatological data are entered on Screen 5 Climatological data can be varied with reaches or constant throughout reaches depending on the simulation type Temperature correction fac tors could be defaults by the model or user specified Also if the user has observed DO data that are stored in a DO file that could be specified under Observed Dissolved Oxygen file on Screen 5 The observed data are stored on Screen 7 Functional data are input on Screens 10 through 19 Flow characteristics of the reach system can be described by dispersion coefficients discharge co efficients or a geographical representation i e trapezoidal channels and Manning s Flow aug mentation may be applied when the DO concen tration drops below some required target level 12 4 MINIMU
6. wo e s joo 1 tol el foo sjsource s 0935 E EME MEA AE array screen 1016 determines 1 T l T T Od Oo 0 HO HO 55 2 2 c5 Co UJ 43 Table 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range Y Y pp secuwo Y Y up lio fro ISPS 5 DISPER nCONST 11 2 1 F 6 6000 ft2 s m K 2 da cc IEA cl ce I Lam em ELLEN E RAP 5 SIDE nSLOPE 1 ft ft m 61 oo m TRAP 5 SIDE n SLOPE 2 11 1 F 0 0 ft ft m 552 1000 5 WIDTH 11 10 1 F ft m WTH TRAP 5 SLOPE 11 11 1 F 0 0 1 0 ft ft m SLP m ELEV 5A ELEV 11 12 1 F 400 1000 0 ft ATIN 12000 120 305 m 3650 DUST 5A DUST COEFF 11 13 1 F 01 15 ATTN uo cca UN um 255 20l co ge 1 m s i 55 15 0 lt 27 33 30 in Hg RES 900 1017 mbar 1100 VEL E p he 0 tf Array screen 1 16 determines of rows ur Constants 44 Table 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E c
7. Figure 6 1 Sketched Stream System for a Study Area 26 USGS Gage USGS Gage File Edit Tool Utilities Import Help FLOW m3 s 1 HEADWATER FLOW TEMP DO BOD NAME mel 3 DIATY RIVER T CLEAR CREEK BULL RUN b Figure 6 3 Entering Data in QUAL2E Windows Interface Screens 26 File Edit eo Utilities Import Help RIVA CTY STP gt DIVERSION ME c 5 Dirty River below Clear Creek Vel 0 22 093 0 43 0943 File Edit Tool Utilities Import Help Figure 6 3 continued 27 Eile Edit Utilities Import Help O Connor and Dobbins 1 O Connor and Dobbins Figure 6 3 continued 28 File Edit Tool Utilities Import Help O Connor and Dobbins 1 0 Connor and Dobbins g Fie Edit Utilities Import Help BoD r Phosphorus Decay E Settling DO Reaeration SOD uptake Non conservative h Figure 6 3 continued 29 Latitude deg Longitude deg Standard meridian deg Basin elevation m Dust attenuation coeff Climatological Data Reach variable temp Global values Climatological file 4 Evaporation coefficient AE 0 l m tuy mbar mis Temperature correction factors Default User specified Climatol
8. data blocks 5 3 Saving Input Files If you opened an existing file to edit when you choose to save the file the existing interface input file will be overwritten with the new values unless you choose the SAVE AS option under FILE menu and assign a new file name If you are assigning a new name to a file remember to follow the naming conventions described in section 5 2 QUAL2E will ask you whether you wish to save the interface input file when you exit the interface functions or when you reach the last screen of an interface function However if you have accessed an existing file and made all the changes before reaching the last screen you may save the input file by proceeding to the FILE option and selecting the SAVE option Once you have completed an interface input file you may submit it to the QUAL2E model for execution When you submit the interface input file to the model the input file will be validated by the Windows interface If any error is detected e g a BOD decay value of more than 2 or a latitude value outside the range of 0 90 degrees during the validation you will be informed of the error and taken to the incorrect entry so that you can correct it immediately 5 4 Setting Up a Default Editor for Viewing Output Files The default editor for viewing and editing QUAL2E output files is the WRITE program in Windows However you may choose any other data editor e g EDIT EXE for viewing the output by selectin
9. 3 You may use the IMPORT function on the main menu bar at the top of the QUAL2E window When you select the IMPORT option you will see a list of five types of input files Choose the CLI file type and select the DIURNL CLI file the list presented The climatological data with 3 hour intervals will be entered on Screen 20 Click INDEX to move to Screen 20 and check the climatic data STEP 4 Next click on the RUN button The output file will be displayed when it is ready If you want to plot the model re sults click on the Graphics button 35 APPENDIX QUAL2E WINDOWS INTERFACE DESIGN This appendix contains the structures and variables for the QUAL2E Windows interface Table A 1 provides input variables and the screen sequence in QUAL2E There are a total of 24 screens in the QUAL2E interface The input screen sequence see Table 3 1 reflects the overall structure of the QUAL2E model Screen numbers are assigned to cover all the general input requirements discussed previously Table A 1 identifies the variables for each screen This table contains the following for QUAL2E Input code used in QUAL2E Data type Description of the variable QUAL2E variable Screen number SCR No Control number CON No Control type CON Type Item type range default and unit Input code and data type used the uncertainty analysis of QUAL2E They listed here for proper c
10. Model QUAL2E Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys Import File Option in QUAL2E How to Use the Graphics Routine Array Screen Capabilities in QUAL2E Unit Conversion Section 6 contains three example runs that highlight user entry and model output Appendix A provides the screen structure and descriptions of the variables for the Windows interface 2 TECHNICAL SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 21 Overview of QUAL2E QUAL I was initially developed by the Texas Water Development Board in the 1960s Several improved versions of the model were developed by EPA as part of this effort and after extensive review and testing the QUAL II series became widely used Present support for the model is provided by the Environmental Protection Agency s Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling CEAM QUAL2E simulates up to 15 water quality constitu ents in branching stream systems The model uses a finite difference solution of the advective dispersive mass transport and reaction equations A stream reach is divided into a number of computational elements and for each computational element a hydrologic balance in terms of stream flow e g m s a heat balance in terms of temperature C and a material balance in terms of concentration e g mg l are written Both advective and dispersive transport processes are considered in the material balance Mass is gained or lost from the computational element by transport proce
11. Select YES to convert all the variables from one unit to another Select NO to change the unit titles for the variables re quired units Select Cancel to return to the original unit selection Certain important screens are detailed below Screens 1 The stream simulation is set to be steady state Metric units are chosen for the model input and output Since there is no uncertainty analysis involved for this ex ample Screens 21 24 are grayed Sim ilarly Screen 10 is grayed because flow augmentation is not applied The number of reaches in the stream system is six Screen 4 This screen lists 15 water quality con stituents that can be simulated Select the 33 STEP 4 STEP 5 constituents that you want to simulate Three constituents are selected Example 1 Screen 5 Screen 5 defines the basin geographic information temperature correction option climatological data and DO BOD You can define the temperature coeffi cients or use the model default values Climatological data can be varied from one reach to another or specified as constant values for all reaches The DO BOD plot is an option for the model input It is ap plied when a user has observed DO data and wants to calibrate the model to com pare the predicted DO with the observed DO You can either select an existing DO file which contains the data or indicate the number of points for each BOD DO plot and enter the measured data on Scree
12. VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range a RR s i a T foro wee oao X L C C LIT a NC NON CONS n SETTLING 5 NON CONS n BENTHOS SRCE gt Array screen 1 16 determines of rows initial Conditions ofthe stream f 7 mw al o o f d ______ 14 2 1 35 135 1550 2106 4 1 0 15 al 000 __ DUPLI I EE pem T s DO E TE TIE ____________ eee A O S 4 TU 7 Ea ME Array screen 1 16 determines of rows is obtained from m No 6 if any f Incremental Inflow 46 Table 1 continued Data QUAL2E code ee Eas PE CL al NO NCRF FLOW ks m OW 3 s MP EM __ i 39 1 2 1 from A A _____ frr ga EET 2 CM3 A p AA E Ne 6 18 a _____ E 2 NH2N up NH3N
13. and User Manual EPA 600 3 87 007 U S Environmental Protection Agency Athens GA May 53 Table A 1 continued 54
14. 2 Langl eys taltigntnutrientinteractions efef s rs 25 tafMutiplicatve_ el tea Harmoni mean mean En RE 1A Algal preference factor for NH3 1 0 9 A TFA 1 radiation factor ALG IT 0 4 0 5 EXE CT NHIBF 1A Nitrification inhibition coeff 23 1 F 0 10 0 10 0 esser TC BO 1B BOD decay 1 1 DDC C BO 1B BOD settling 1 1 1 1 024 DST C BE 1B Reaeration 3 1 F 1 1 1 1 024 AER ss ls le Nogen e semm 2DC 42 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Range 1B Ammonia decay 1 1 1 1 083 25 dee eR Er Phosphorus Phosphorus C PR 1B Organic P decay ta 1 1 GDC C PR 1B Organic P settling 1 1 1 1 024 GST Te 5 llo Jage TC AL 1B Growth 1 1 GRO TC AL 1B Respiration 14 1 1 1 1 047 RES TC AL 1B Settling 15 1 F 1 1 1 1 024 SET pow ID _ _ __ Non sonservatve ______ me E 25 Array screen 1 1 of rows 12 REACH NO ES vo 21 jo MN DO nmo tol 3 af 0 5 source fowo o source 2 055 oof sources
15. 3 43 m 0 XYUP O mg N 2 1 oxidation mg O mg 1 1 2 1 14 m PES a een N Algae Oxygen by growth LL 4 1 8 XYPR O mg A O mg A AGYO uptake by respiration mg 1 6 2 3 2 0mg XYUP am 1A Nitrogen content mg N mg 0 08 0 085 m 0 09 N mg 1A Phosphorus content mg P mg 0 012 0 014 0 015 1A Max specific growth rate 1 ALG_ 7 1 F 1 3 2 5 ROMX AGYR 1A Respiration rate 1 day 1 F 0 05 0 5 0 05 ESPR NHAL half saturation coeff N_HA 1 F 0 02 0 4 0 2 FSAT half saturation ad ea 02 0 Peat XTLN coeff 0 0 003 ME XTNL gh 41 Table 1 continued Data QUAL2E code Type Description ER ES rij 4 gt tAlHaitsaturation O B B S tajsteeles function Hl PRAE 1A Saturation coeff 14 0 0 15 11 2 0 0 04 0 03 Langle ys min 15 1 0 1500 1300 2 0 400 0 350 0 Langle E Light ave from sloar radiation Daily temp tAfDaiy data AVG Light averaging factor ACT NUMB 1A Number of gt hours DLH TDYS 1A _ 221 radiation BTU ft2 1 1500 0 OLAR Langleys
16. AE 0 0068 3 n Hg 5 F PE 0 0000 m hr 094 mbar p 000 1 0 0001 ft hr i 6 n Hg 2211 0 0000 L4 032 1 m s 0 00000 s ejl s Se 06 T 55 Reach variabletemp sime e j climatological foutputprint wrt 15 climatological data printout PRN 5 4 ______ plots Dit S A A ow E Ao 7 18 determines of rows amp 1 16 1 determines of foun Reach Numbers for DO BOD to be Plotted AS EE oo 40 Table 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E red Pom MEE HABER EA a PERS masc screen load values from 5 18 if DO input file is gt jor 2 Llpo AAA fr DR ER TN jwxpbowmgn 1 00 250 _ AS MA ee Required only algae or P are simulated e ds Eo i 1A Ammonia oxidation mg O mg O UP 1 1 F 3 3 5
17. AL2E IMPLEMENTATION IN WINDOWS The QUAL2E Windows interface is designed to be as user friendly as possible The interface consists of 24 screens that cover all the data required by QUAL2E and QUAL2E UNCAS The first 20 screens represent the data for QUAL2E and the last four screens are for QUAL2E UNCAS The screen input sequence for QUAL2E is given in Table 3 1 In general the interface is divided into six data components QUAL2E simulation control a stream system global variables functional data climatology data and uncertainty analysis QUAL2E simula tion control describes simulation control variables and number of reaches in the reach system A com plete stream system is described by the reach con nection element type and a computational length River reaches which are aggregates of com putational elements are the basis of most data input The global variables include number of constituents to be simulated geographical and climatological information option for plotting DO BOD and kinetics and temperature correction factors The functional data provide flow data reaction coefficients and forcing functions Initial conditions boundary conditions and point source loads are input as forcing functions The global climatology data are required only for diurnal DO simulations The un certainty analysis optional data consist of types of uncertainty analyses input and output conditions and input variables with pertur
18. Benaugenaton FW ____ __ _____________ i Trapezoidalchannels ______ TEIL 1 Time step hours 1 o oo ia o al aa ___ simulation length nous maxi af Jr increment for RPT2 hous 50 1 Numberotreches numB_ alef 150 ME AN Array screen 1 16 determines of rows d _ __ StreamReachsystem _ ____ el el 2 BEGIN RIVER An mite or km el 3 al 0 0 miekm 2 2 4 1 lr jo __ __ FRE A 1 DELTA X ntmile or km j to SE Array screen 1 16 determines of rows shrink column width 5 4 22 has the same combo P list computationaletement 1 NICO EEG MEM E __ 5 p sre Saye ee S 2 2 _ Y al al 4 Withorawal al s 7 re 38 Table 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Las zi s ER A nete
19. DIT at the menu bar and select COPY Then switch to the target Windows application 21 WordPerfect choose Paste or Paste Special to complete the cut and paste function The features and limitations of the graphics program include graphics routine can draw up to three pollutants for one graph It can display two pollutants with two Y axes for one graph can display up to four graphs at a time You need to create the first three graphs by going through the graph plotting cycle three times and entering a new file name each time This is the file name shown at the top of the screen QALGR INP for the QUAL2E graphs To change the file name click on the File menu and choose New from the Graph Selection screen lf you do not select a new file name when you hit the RUN button the new graph will overwrite the previously drawn graph Finally you need to go through a fourth cycle in which you plot the fourth graph select all four graph files in the Graph Selection pop up window and choose OK observed DO data cannot be plotted along with model predicted values 5 9 Array Screen Capabilities in QUAL2E There are many array screens in QUAL2E such as hydraulic data initial conditions and others At these screens you have two additional capabilities that are not available on regular screens in QUAL2E 1 EDIT Copy and Paste This option available from the menu bar at
20. L2E interface window Click on IMPORT to see a list of the five types of import files Once you select the file type you want you will see a window similar to the Windows Open File option except that only one type of file will be listed Move your cursor over the file that you would like to import and click twice in quick succession to bring the data into the QUAL2E interface If you click only once on a filename a short description of the file will be shown in a box at the top of the window 5 8 How to Use the Graphics Routine The Graphics Program can be accessed by clicking on the Graphics button with the mouse A window similar to the QUAL2E Windows interface will ap pear You can select two types of graphics display of reaches and graphs When a QUAL2E output file is selected you can click on the REACHES button to view the entire stream network There two options for plotting graphs flow vs distance and concentration of a water quality constituent vs distance The graph plotting option is provided to allow you to represent the results in easy to understand formats The steps that you should follow are explained below STEP 1 graphics option is accessible through a GRAPHICS button on the third line from the top of the QUAL2E Windows interface screen It is also accessible using the Graphics option under the Utilities menu ALT U G STEP 2 Graph Selection screen will appear You must first select a QUAL2E o
21. M SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 41 Minimum System Requirements The system runs under Microsoft Windows The minimum system requirements are provided below Windows Version 3 1 80386 processor 4megabytes RAM 10 megabytes hard disk space NOTE A math coprocessor is recommended but not required 4 2 Installing the Software STEP 1 Insert the QUAL2E Setup Disk QUAL2E DISK 1 into drive A or drive B NOTE You must have 10 megabytes of space on the hard disk drive on which you are install 13 ing QUAL2E for Windows Close all open appli cations including FILE MANAGER before you start the setup program STEP2 Start Windows and then choose File Run STEP 3 A SETUP or B SETUP if the disk is in the B drive Click on the OK button or press ENTER STEP 4 You will be asked to enter the location of the directory where you would like QUAL2E to be loaded When you confirm this or enter a new directory the loading will begin Please note that the QUAL2E Windows interface consists of two disks STEP 5 You are now ready to use QUAL2E 14 5 USING THE QUAL2E WINDOWS INTERFACE Once you have finished loading the software you will be ready to access the QUAL2E Windows interface This section details how to use the capabilities avail able in the QUAL2E interface It describes the following Accessing an Existing File or Opening a New File File Naming Conv
22. O pen mee 48 Table A 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range PTLD 11 CONS 1 nname 17 101 27 1 CM1 PTLD 1 CONS 2 nname 1 2 1 CM2 PTLD 1 CONS 3 nname 212 1 CM3 6 15 Ae 6 18 PTLD 11A COLIFORM 17 14 1 F No 10 COLI Oml PTLD 11A CHL A 17 15 1 F ug l CHLA EE i NS NEUE ORG P DIS P AAA Reaeration AP MU DAMS 12 ADAM nCOEFF 18 3 1 F 5 2 0 1 0 ACOF DAMS 12 BDAM nCOEFF 18 4 1 F 01 1 5 1 0 BCOF DAMS 2 FLOW DAM 0 0 1 0 FRAG peeo o L ttt tt CM PME TN Boundar CET E AAA __ gn esed Il ing 3 concentration Es al oa 2 CA 6 11 49 Table 1 continued Input Data QUAL2E code Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range Mee A ILLE BN OE 6 15 T 77 6 18 13 100 ml 10 E t3alchiorophyia ug tel 1 Jo 1711 jeje E i3ajammoniaasN mg _____1 mgt Y tel 120 al feo l
23. United Sates nvironmental Protection Agency QUAL2E Windows Interface User s Guide Office of Water EPA 823 B 95 003 4305 August 1995 QUAL2E Windows Interface User s Guide United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Office of Science and Technology Standards and Applied Science Division 401 M Street SW Washington DC 20460 FOREWORD Water quality standards are implemented through a process of calculating Waste Load Allocations WLAs and or Total Maximum Daily Loads TMDLs Ultimately Permit Limits are developed based on the calculated WLAs and TMDLs Many of these required calculations are preformed with computer simulation models Either steady state or dynamic modeling techniques may be used The Office of Science and Technology develops and maintains analytical tools to assist in performing analysis of water quality problems The Windows interface developed for the QUAL2E model will help users prepare input files more efficiently Default values for constants are included in the interface to provide reasonable numbers with which to begin the modeling Integrated data manipulation options stream network graphics and plotting capabilities are among the many useful features included in the QUAL2E Windows interface Different screens or parts of screens will be active or inactive depending on the input This feature reduces the potential for making mistakes during data entry This document is an Agenc
24. ample 2 Six water quality parameters are simulated temperature BOD algae DO phosphorus and nitrogen In the uncertainty analysis the First Order Error analysis is used and a default input perturbation of 5 percent is used for computing sensitivity coefficients In addition the variance of each input variable is given on Screen 23 The steps that you must go through for this example run are explained below STEP 1 Select the QUAL2E Windows Interface option from the main QUAL2E menu Choose FILE option followed by the Open option list of QUAL2E input files will appear Select a QUAL2E interface file QAL2EO02 INP Since uncertainty analysis is involved you will see Uncertainty analysis is selected on Screen 1 STEP 2 Familiarize yourself with this input file and the screens in the QUAL2E option by moving through the screens using the NEXT BACK or INDEX option You can rows easily change a number of a column using a feature available array screens of the QUAL2E Windows interface screens where the same variable requires one or more rows of entries If you click on the variable in these screens you will be able to add subtract multiply or divide for any single value or range of values for this variable You can therefore change all zero values for a variable to a single default by adding the default value that you want to all the zero values in the array STEP 3 Submit the OUAL2E input file
25. ation The QUAL2E Windows interface was developed to assist the user in data input and model execution and to make a complex model user friendly The Windows interface was developed for the U S Environmental Protection Agency s Office of Science and Technology Standards and Applied Science Division to help the Division implement the Total Maximum Daily Load TMDL program This user s guide provides instructions on the use of the interface and illustrates its use with three example runs The Windows interface integrates the QUAL2E model and data handling needs to make the model implementation user friendly A brief description of the QUAL2E model structure is presented to facilitate subsequent discussions This guide is divided into six sections Section 2 provides a technical summary of the QUAL2E model as well as the model structure the input re quirements and the output Section 3 describes the Windows implementation of the QUAL2E model including descriptions of the screen sequences changes made for ease of use and limitations of the implementation Section 4 provides minimum require ments and instructions for installing the software Section 5 provides the information necessary to use the QUAL2E interface including Accessing an Existing File or Opening a New File File Naming Conventions Saving Input Files Setting Up a Default Editor for Viewing Output Files Submitting an Input File to the
26. bations Of 24 screens the first 3 screens where a complete stream system is entered are most important be cause the majority of the data on the following screens are dependent upon the information given by Screens 1 3 The stream system can be described by reach name beginning and ending reach in terms of river miles or kilometers and an indication of the headwater The sequence of the reaches given on Screen 2 is used by the interface to display the reach connections Each reach is then subdivided into computational elements of equal length which are also displayed on the reach graphics screen Once this information has been provided the interface will automatically link all reaches to a stream system and assign the element types as headwaters junctions standards or a downstream boundary on Screen 3 There are seven different types of computational elements headwater element standard element up stream element from a junction junction element downstream element point source and withdrawal element A headwater element begins every tributary as well as the main river system and therefore must always be the first element in a headwater reach A standard element is one that does not qualify as one of the remaining six element types An upstream element from a junction is used to designate an element on the mainstream that is just upstream of a junction A junction element has a simulated tributary entering it A downstream eleme
27. e the unit titles for the variables and will not convert the values 6 EXAMPLE RUNS This section contains three example runs to illustrate how to make the best use of the QUAL2E Windows interface The example runs were selected an tempt to exercise the major portions of the QUAL2E interface A matrix of QUAL2E interface with the various runs is shown in Table 6 1 The QUAL2E interface generates five different input files For base run a RUN file is required an ob served DO file is needed when there are observed data a CLI file is applied if there are data for quasi dynamic i e diurnal variations simulations For an uncertainty analysis run an UNS file and a VAR file are needed in addition to a RUN file and or a DO file The first example is designed to simulate three water quality constituents temperature dissolved oxygen DO and ultimate carbonaceous BOD CBODU a steady state mode with metric units The second example includes a QUAL2E uncertainty analysis in which all five input files are generated by the interface with U S units The last example performs a quasi dynamic diurnal simulation for most of the conventional pollutants These examples were obtained from EPA and demonstrate the potential applications of the QUAL2E QUAL2EU model The interface runs can be checked using the input files supplied by EPA along with the distribution package for QUAL2E The example input files prepared f
28. el theory and provides more specific guidance on applications TRADEMARKS Microsoft is a registered trademark and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation CONTENTS Section Page FOREWORD fad REPRISE MENSES aad a o de aad ta ai i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DISCLAIMER TRADEMARKS ii 1 INTRODUCTION urere e e ee where ce eer Me e eR 1 2 TECHNICAL SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 3 2 1 Overview oft QUAE2E Weide ds Gack 3 2 2 Prototype Presentation 1 3 2 3 Uncertainty Analysls febDEDeseIeUmBUeszie6UtresLtU eUUeNsiU eUU essais 4 24 Data Requirements ica orita iaa epee 4 2 5 OutputElle E A ER de ERA da 6 2 6 Model Limitations A 6 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE QUAL2E IMPLEMENTATION IN WINDOWS 7 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SOFTWARE INSTALLATION a 4 1 Minimum System Requirements 11 4 2 Installing the Software 11 5 USING THE QUAL2E WINDOWS INTERFACE 13 5 1 Accessing an Existing File or Opening a New File 13 5 2 File Naming Conventions
29. entions Saving Input Files Setting Up a Default Editor for Viewing Out put Files Submitting an Input File to the Model QUAL2E Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys Import File Option in QUAL2E How to Use the Graphics Routine Array Screen Capabilities Unit Conversion 5 1 Accessing an Existing File or Opening a New File When you first enter the QUAL2E Windows interface you will be automatically assigned a new file The new file name and number will appear at the top of the screen parentheses for example QAL2E INP To access an existing file click on the FILE option on the very top line select the OPEN option and select the file you want from the list that appears If you made any changes to the previously opened file you will be asked whether you want to save the file This is to remind you that opening a new file will overwrite the existing screens The QUAL2E Windows interface does not allow you to open more than one input file concurrently 15 NOTE The input files must be in the same location as the EXE files the QUAL2E executable files If you elect to read in an existing file from a different directory the directory in which the file is located becomes the default directory for QUAL2E All the data files for QUAL2E must exist in the default directory It is strongly recommended that you not save input files in any location other than the QUAL2E directory 5 2 File Naming Convention
30. fore importing a RUN file because the imported file will overwrite all the values on the screens without giving you a choice Other input files are optional depending on the data availability and the simulation type The DO file is used when observed DO data are available The CLI file is needed for quasi dynamic simulations The UNS and VAR files are needed for the uncertainty analysis Two additional files are gen erated by the program QAL2E DOU and QAL2E RCH These files remain invisible A schematic of all the files and their uses is given in F u b 16 Filra uar vu nie LA Le beer OO iag Mle A LE LIES Fergus QUA iow Tile QOL IM Py lage Validacina Saved lor Murr uar ara x rua LA LE bees ELIT4 QA LE Exa OO Reach graggica il lagu Fiera Tar pragha 17 uaw iarain ida Clima ical War limar A LE Groner Lt E A Le Exes Mier Fur OUT Figure 5 1 Different Files and Their Usage QUAL2E Model Run Output Files These files are generated by the QUAL2E model QAL2E OUT QUAL2E model tabulated output file QAL2E DOU Simulation results in
31. g the Utilities menu on the top menu bar of the screen and using the Setup Output File Viewer option The path and executable name of the output file editor should be specified under this option If you do not have any special text editor to choose you may check the default WRITE EXE setup using the above mentioned procedure 18 After each execution of QUAL2E from the Windows interface you will be asked whether you want to view the OUT file If you decide to see the output the OUT file will be opened using the editor of your choice t is important to note that the QUAL2E Windows interface does not have any button or menu item that allows you to see an existing output file without running the program You may want to use WRITE in the ACCESSORIES group of the Windows Program Manager to open edit and save an output file at any time Select all the texts in the file by clicking before the first character of the output file and dragging the mouse pointer to the end while keeping the left mouse button pressed and choose the landscape option in Print Setup under FILE menu to avoid wraparound of text Additionally when the text is selected you may switch to a fixed width font such as Courier or Line Printer to see the text vertically aligned Click on the Fonts option under the Character menu to open the font selection box 5 5 Submitting an Input File to the Model When you have completed the input file for the interface
32. he next screen or 3 click the left mouse button on the Tool menu and select one of the options listed underneath However to activate the Graphics option click on the Utilities menu instead of the Tool menu and select Graphics The buttons and the commands they represent are explained below NEXT Button This option allows you to move to the next screen in the interface If there are incorrect values on the screen in which you are working and you attempt to move to another screen QUAL2E will inform you of the error and allow you the option of going back and correcting the error at a later time or correcting the error before moving on The cursor will blink at the prompt 19 with the incorrect entry if you elect to correct the error before moving on BACK button This button allows you to move back one screen If there are incorrect values on the screen in which you are working and you attempt to move to another screen QUAL2E will inform you of the error and allow you the option of going back and correcting the error at a later time or correcting the error before moving on The cursor will blink at the prompt with the incorrect entry if you elect to correct the error before moving on INDEX Function Instead of moving backward and forward through the screens you may use the INDEX feature to hop back and forth between screens To access this feature position the cursor over the INDEX button and click with the mouse button
33. is first order error analysis and Monte Carlo simulation With this capability the user can assess the effect of model sensitivities and of uncertain input data on model forecasts Quantifications of the uncertainty in model forecasts will allow assessment of the risk probability of a water quality variable being above or below an acceptable level The user can select the important input variables to be perturbed and locations on the stream where the uncertainty analysis is to be applied 2 4 Data Requirements QUAL2E requires some degree of modeling Sophistication and expertise on the part of a user The user must supply more than 100 individual in puts some of which require considerable judgment to estimate The input data in QUAL2E can be grouped into three categories a stream river system global variables and forcing functions Additionally there are three data groups for simulation control and uncertainty analysis The first step in preparing the QUAL2E inputs is to describe a complete stream river system by applying the rules that are defined by the model The stream System should be divided into reaches which are stretches of stream that have uniform hydraulic char acteristics Each reach is then subdivided into computational elements of equal length Thus all reaches must consist of an integer number of compu tational elements Functionally each computational element belongs to one of seven types described la
34. ity to provide mathematical calcu lations in columns so that you can easily change cer tain rows of values in an array screen the 22 screen where the same variable requires a row of entries This feature is selected by clicking on the variable title in any array for instance TEMP initial tempera ture in the reach A window will pop up allowing you to do arithmetic operations for a specific number of rows in that column You will be able to access an arithmetic function that allows you to add subtract multiply or divide any single or range of values for that variable For example you might choose to add 3 degrees to all the values in the temperature array by using the arithmetic function 5 10 Unit Conversion The QUAL2E interface permits the use of either metric or U S units A conversion routine has been developed for the QUAL2E interface to allow variable s unit to be changed from one type to another If you choose U S units at the beginning of the process for generating an interface input the unit titles and default values for the variables will be sup plied to the interface If you decide later to change to metric units the Windows interface will display a message asking whether you want the variables converted from one unit to another If you choose YES the interface will display the appropriate units and do the conversion for the variables that require a unit If you choose NO the interface will only provid
35. n 7 Example 1 chooses to select an existing DO input file called WRKSHOP1 DO and the data can be Seen on Screen 7 Submit the QUAL2E interface input file to the QUAL2E model for execution by click ing on the RUN button An icon appears at the bottom of the screen with the words QUAL2E MODEL EXECUTION When the processing is complete a message appears QUAL2E completed Do you want to view the output file Select OK to view the output using the default editor After viewing the tabulated output press ALT F and X in sequence to return to the QUAL2E main menu You might also want to plot a QUAL2E graphic Click on the Graphics button Select a QUAL2E output file e g QAL2E001 0UT Once you have chosen the QUAL2E output click on the Reaches button to view a network diagram of the stream network and computational ele ments This plot should be similar to Figure 6 2 If you want to make a hard copy for the plot you can use the Print option to send the plot directly to the printer or use the Edit and Copy Paste option to place the graph in another Windows package such as the Clipboard ALT F sequence to return to the QUAL2E main menu STEP 5 You might also want to plot a QUAL2E graphic Click on the Graphics button Select a OUAL2E output file e g 12 001 00 Once you have chosen the QUAL2E output click on the Reaches button to view a network diagram of the stream network and computational element
36. nd may vary spatially over the basin by reach The uncertainty analysis procedures incorporated into the computer program guide the user in the calibration process in addition to providing information about the uncertainty associated with the calibrated model To create QUAL2E input files the user has to follow data type sequences within one particular input file There are five different input files for which certain combinations must be created before running the model 2 5 Output File QUAL2E produces three types of tables hydraulics reaction coefficient and water quality in the output file The hydraulics summary table contains flows velocities travel time depths and cross sectional areas along each reach The reaction coefficient table lists the reaction coefficients for simulated con stituents The water quality table reports constituent concentrations along a reach A summary of temperature calculations may also be included 2 6 Model Limitations QUAL2E has been designed to be a relatively gen eral program however certain dimensional limita tions were imposed during program development Brown and Barnwell 1987 These limitations are Reaches a maximum of 50 Computational elements no more than 20 per reach or a total of 500 Headwater elements a maximum of 10 Junction elements a maximum of 9 Point source and withdrawal elements maximum of 50 3 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE QU
37. nt is defined as the last element in a stream system Point sources and withdrawals represent elements that have inputs waste loads and unsimulated tributaries and water withdrawals respectively Table 3 2 lists seven element types allowed the QUAL2E input represented below as numbers and eight in the interface indicated by capital letters Certain element types on Screen 3 are grayed such as headwater elements and junction elements This means those types or fields cannot be changed The only element types or fields that can be changed are the standard elements where the Ss are located The standard elements could be further defined as point sources withdrawals or dams The user should indicate the locations of point sources withdrawals or dams if they are applied River reaches and computational elements are the basis of most data input Screen 4 is used to identify water quality parameters to be simulated As mentioned previously QUAL2E can simulate up to 15 water quality constituents in any combination desired by the user Constituents that can be modeled are Dissolved oxygen DO Biochemical oxygen demand BOD Table 3 1 Input Screen Sequence QUAL2E Windows Interface Description QUAL2E Input Data of Input Data Input Screen Component Data Content Type File No QUAL2E Title simulation type unit time step RUN 1 Simulation control Uncertainty analysis flow augmentation sys
38. ode Type Description VARIABLE SCR CS CT Type Range BOD BOD DECAY n 1 day 12 2 1 F 0 10 1 day DECA BOD BOD SETTLING n 1 day 12 3 1 F 0 10 1 day SETT SOD SOD n g ft2 day 12 al 1 RATE f m2 day A EST aa jowens Edwards and Gibbs__ tel 4 P frmackston and vel 5 ltangbienandDurum_____ x21 S S ovp opo 1 7 elfrsivogiouwallass______ _____ el 12 el oo sE uo _ dle des 2249 y Array screen 1 16 rows SS Agee Coeficients N P and Algae Coefficients 6A IREACHNO 6 in HYDROLYSIS gt 10 NH2 6AJO N n SETTLING 0 10 1 day ETT a BENTHOS mg ft2 day mg m2 day ORG DECAY 0 10 1 day DEC PORG SETTLING 1 day SET DISP 5 n BENTHOS 13 1 F mg ft2 SRC da 13 10 1 1 100 10 0 9 chla mg algae 45 Table A 1 continued Data QUAL2E code Type Description
39. ogical data printout E DO and BOD plot Number of 001800 plots Observed Dissolved Oxygen file EA WRKSHOP1 Figure 6 3 continued 6 Dam information for reaeration All of the flow passes over the crest of the dam The dam has a height of 3 meters and acts as a weir with free falling flow Assume a 1 25 and b 1 1 7 Manning s is assumed constant for reaches with a value of 0 04 Hydraulic data are entered on the screens shown in Figure 6 3 d and Water quality data 1 Incremental inflow water temperature 18 0 C 2 Incremental DO 1 0 mg l for all reaches 3 Incremental CBODU 5 0 mg l for Clear Creek and Bull Run 20 mg l for Dirty River above Clear Creek 50 mg l for Dirty River below Clear Creek 4 Headwater quality Dirty river DO 8 3 mg l CBODU 20 0 mg l 22 09 From reservoir DO 0 0 mg l CBODU 10 0 mg l T 15 0 C Bull Run DO 5 0 mg l CBODU 5 0 mg l 21 09 These water quality data are entered on the same screens as those for flow data Figures 6 3 a and b D Sediment oxygen demand Samples showed the following 1 0 5 gm m3 day for Dirty River above Clear Creek 30 0 5 gm m3 day for Dirty River above Clear Creek 2 1 0 gm m2 day for Pond 3 0 5 gm m2 day for Dirty River below Clear Creek Sediment oxygen demand data are entered on a screen titled as BOD and DO reaction rate con
40. onstant Stream velocity cross sectional area and depth are computed from stream flow One of the most important considerations in determining the assimilative capacity of a stream is its ability to maintain an adequate dissolved oxygen concentration The QUAL2E program performs dis solved oxygen balance by including major source and sink terms in the mass balance equation As shown in Figure 2 1 the nitrogen cycle is composed of four compartments organic nitrogen ammonia nitrogen nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen The phosphorus cycle is similar to but simpler than the nitrogen cycle having only two compartments Ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand CBOD is modeled as a first order degradation process in QUAL2E If the modeler uses BOD5 as an input QUAL2E converts 5 day BOD to ultimate BOD for internal calculations Oxidation processes involved in CBOD decay and in the nutrient cycles represent the primary internal sinks of dissolved oxygen in the QUAL2E program The major source of dissolved oxygen in addition to that supplied from algal photosynthesis is atmospheric reaeration 2 3 Uncertainty Analysis Uncertainty analysis for model simulations is assuming a growing importance in the field of water quality management QUAL2E allows the modeler to perform uncertainty analysis on steady state water quality simulations Three uncertainty analysis tech niques are employed in QUAL2E UNCAS sensitivity analys
41. oo 9 195 fr loo man 13Ajorganic Phosphorus as P mg tel 14 13A Dissoived Phosphorus mg tel 15 1 CA 0 E Array screen load values from 7 14 if Climatological input file is la or create Climatology input file a Values of Climatology Data monmimm ali ale 2722000 A e EE A __ hour 2 STAD SOLAR 7 TA 0 550 BTU ft ATN 2 hr ES dd aow on GER pop 15 06 ______ ol e il lr 11 100 038 0 7277379008290 ee 2 9 900 1017 0 1100 ________ 1 oo ws Uncertainty Analysis analysis 50 Table A 1 continued Data QUAL2E code Description aa ER a a _ Uncertainty Uncertaint e _______ carlo simulation _____ _ Number of simulations ee jSmgeMutplepetubaion 22 P 2tevelfactorial design_____ a tof el JAllimputs aii el E 4 B 55A Hydraulic Clima
42. or enter ALT N All the screens available in this option will be displayed with the screen titles Certain screens will be grayed out indicating that these screens are not accessible due to the selections made on other screens The screen that you were in when you selected the INDEX button will be highlighted in blue text If you wish to see the prompts that appear on each screen press the EXPAND button at the bottom of the INDEX screen The screen names and numbers will then include all the prompts contained in the screens You may contract the screen again to the normal display of just the screen names and number by clicking on the CONTRACT button To move to the screen that you want position the cursor over the screen number of any non gray screen and click the left mouse button You are taken immediately to that screen To exit the INDEX screen and return to the previous screen click on the CANCEL button HELP button This option allows you to access the on line help for the QUAL2E Windows interface Two different types of help are available Prompt Level Help which contains information on the specific prompt on which your cursor is located or on which you are entering data and General Help which contains a general de scription of the QUAL2E system To access General Help move the cursor to the button bar and the click on the HELP button or press ALT H from the keyboard A menu will ap pear Select the HELP INDEX o
43. or testing the QUAL2E Windows interface and corresponding files used for QUAL2E are listed in Table 6 2 6 1 Example 1 Dirty River Reaches DO BOD TEMP Simulation This is an example of the QUAL2E model s ability to simulate three water quality constituents tempera ture dissolved oxygen DO and ultimate car bonaceous BOD CBODU in a steady state mode with metric units A sketched stream system for a study area is shown in Figure 6 1 The network con nections and computational elements for Example 1 are shown in Figure 6 2 The data that are presented consist of the following 23 A Flow data From gaged data and drainage area ratio analysis the following information was developed 1 Reach 1 Flow at the headwater of Dirty River 0 5 m s 2 Reach 1 Point source discharge from the STP 0 48 3 Reach 1 Incremental flow in Dirty River above junction with Clear Creek 1 241 m s 4 Reach 2 Reservoir release into Clear Creek 0 38 m s 5 Reach 2 Incremental flow in Clear Creek above junction with Bull Run 0 388 m s 6 Reach 3 Flow at headwater of Bull Run 0 14 m s 7 Reach 3 Incremental flow in Bull Run 0 003 m s 8 Reach 4 Incremental flows 0 015 m s 9 Reach 5 Incremental flows 0 015 m s 10 Reach 6 Incremental flows 0 108 m s 11 Reach 6 Withdrawal at the diversion 0 5 m s Figure 6 3 a 6 and c show the screen where these data are entered B Hydraulic data These da
44. ption or enter from the key board A window will appear with a screen title Description of this run Click on the Search button on the Help Screen to find a topic You can type in the topic or scroll through the list of available topics When you find the topic you are looking for click the left mouse button on the topic twice and then click on the GO TO button To access Prompt Level Help move the cursor over to the prompt on which you would like infor mation and press the F1 function key or click on the HELP button When you are finished viewing Help exit the Help window either by entering ALT F X from the keyboard or by double clicking the left mouse button on the icon located at the top left corner of the window You will be returned to the screen in which you were previously working CALC button This option allows you to access the Calculator Function within Windows should you require the use of a calculator at any screen in QUAL2E You may invoke a scientific calculator by clicking on the View menu of the calculator and selecting Scientific TOP button This option allows you to move to the first screen in QUAL2E from any screen without having to use the INDEX function RUN button This option allows you to submit an interface input file that you have created to the QUAL2E model for execution If incorrect entries are present in the file when you click on this button QUAL2E will inform you that you have incorrect value
45. ross referencing of the variables Refer to Appendix B of The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E UNCAS Documentation and User Manual for more details Screen number control number and control types are used internally by the QUAL2E Windows interface Each variable has a unique control number on a particular screen in the interface For example if you refer to the first page of Table A 1 a variable NUMB is defined as Number of reaches which is the last control on the first screen In the QUAL2E RUN file it is the 10th card of Data Type 1 i e if you were to prepare an input file QUAL2E RUN without using the interface you would enter Number of reaches in the 10th row of the group named Data Type 1 The NUMB s type is integer its range is from 1 to 50 and the default should be 1 These data are used by the QUAL2E model A total of five input files may be needed for a QUAL2E run Refer to Section 5 2 to see which files are required and which are optional 37 Table A 1 Input Variables and Screen Sequence QUAL2E tel cr tum out sh pe VARIABLE SCR CS E e L Se et E es ilsimulationtype stea 5 jseaysae td 4e rn alwi ip 55 E O af es T Jvc ___ ___ Y
46. s All files created by QUAL2E in Windows have a file naming convention as explained below 1 The first five characters are the function name i e QAL2E the next three digits are sequen tially assigned numbers that indicate the number of the input file that you are currently creating The file extension indicates the type of file as explained below File Names Description of the file QAL2E INP QUAL2E Windows Interface Input file This file contains all the input data required for QUAL2E in one file QALGR INP QUAL2E Windows graphics file This file contains all the input data that were entered to create a particular graph The following input files are generated by the QUAL2E Windows interface when you choose to submit the QAL2E INP file to the model for execution These files can be read by the interface later through an IMPORT function These files will be in your directory QAL2E RUN QUAL2E input file QAL2E DO Observed Dissolved Oxygen data file QAL2E CLI Climatology data file QAL2E UNS Uncertainty input file QAL2E VAR Variance uncertainty input file Note that the QAL2E RUN file is always required for a QUAL2E execution It is the actual input file for the program The RUN file is generated by the QUAL2E Windows interface prior to executing the program You have the option of importing an existing RUN file into the QUAL2E Windows inter face Always save your current file be
47. s This plot should be similar to Figure 6 2 If you want to make a hard copy for the plot you can use the Print option to send the plot directly to the printer or use the Edit and Copy Paste option to place the graph in another Windows package such as the Clipboard To graph flow vs distance click on flow vs distance as the type of graph and then define the starting reach as 1 and ending reach as 6 Click the Run button to view the graph To graph water quality constituents select water quality constituents as the type of graph and define the starting and ending reaches When you click on Run a Pollutant Selection screen will appear with a list of pollutants Select the pollutants you want to plot and click on Run again A window will list all the graphs in the default directory Select the graphs you would like to see and choose QUAL2E Graphics allows you to draw up to four graphs on the same screen To do this you should create different graphs and then select up to four graphs that you want to see on one screen An example QUAL2E graph is provided in Figure 6 4 6 2 Example 2 Withlacoochee River QUAL2E and Uncertainty Analysis This exercise demonstrates how to use the un certainty analysis option A QUAL2E base run is performed first followed by an uncertainty run The Withlacoochee River basin is located in Florida and is a simple reach system containing 11 reaches Two point source loads are applied in Ex
48. s and will take you to the appropriate prompt so that you can correct the value and resubmit the file RESTORE button This option allows you to restore the default values that were in the file before you started making changes for a screen This is an option that allows you to replace preexisting values on a particular screen without having to exit the system or go back to every variable that you changed However if you move to another screen all the changes become permanent GRAPHICS button This option allows you to graph the QUAL2E output results There are two types of graphs flow vs distance and pollutant con centrations vs distance along the river system The graphics routine also has the capability of 20 drawing the network connections of the river system 5 7 Import File Option in QUAL2E The import file option allows you to access existing input files that are generated from other model runs The QUAL2E interface can import all five input files RUN DO CLI UNS and files See Section 5 2 File Naming Conventions The IMPORT option can be used to access any one of these five types of files The filename indicates the type of data that the file contains For example if you import a file with a DO extension it will replace all data on the Observed Dissolved Oxygen Screen This option allows you to mix and match different types of data The IMPORT option can be selected from the menu bar at the top of QUA
49. s that QUAL2E assumes that some 26 physical chemical and biological param eters model input parameters or coefficients are constant along a reach For example different values for Manning s roughness coefficient sediment oxygen demand and algal settling rate can be specified by the user for different reaches but each of these values remains constant over a particular reach However the state variables change within a reach e g DO is calculated at each computational element and thus can vary within a reach The question that must be addressed in order to define a reach is what constitutes significant change in these model inputs significant in the sense of their impact on simulation results not necessarily in the sense of change in the inputs themselves Mass transport in the QUAL2E computer program is handled in a relatively simple manner There seems to be some confusion about QUAL2E s transport capabilities because it is sometimes called a quasi dynamic model However in all of the computer pro grams in the QUAL series there is an explicit as sumption of steady flow the only time varying forcing functions are the climatologic variables that primarily affect temperature and algal growth A more appropri ate term for this capability is diel indicating variation over a 24 hour period The forcing function used for estimating transport is the stream flow rate which as mentioned above is assumed to be c
50. simulates a simple river system with a total of five reaches and nine water quality con stituents for a QUAL2E run This is a dynamic diurnal simulation with a total simulation of 60 hours and a time step of 1 hour Since it is a dynamic simulation the climatological data are required at regular time intervals over the course of the simulation There is an existing climatological input file available for input The input file DIURNAL CLI can be read through the Import function In this example the downstream boundary conditions are known and specified in the interface input file The model solution will therefore be constrained to match the known concentrations The steps that you must follow for this example are explained in detail below STEP 1 Select the QUAL2E Windows Interface option from the main QUAL2E menu Next open the QUAL2E interface file QUAL2E003 INP The file will be loaded into the QUAL2E interface Move through the screens and familiarize yourself with this option Use the help information available to you through the HELP button to answer any questions you might have about any prompts STEP 2 Go to Screen 3 for the computational element set up The entire system con sists of a total of five reaches three headwaters two junctions and one downstream element There are no point source loads or withdrawals in the system so the fields on Screen 3 that are not grayed represent the standard elements STEP
51. sses wastewater discharges and withdrawals Mass can also be gained or lost by internal processes such as release of mass from benthic sources or biological transformations The program simulates changes in flow conditions along the stream by computing a series of steady state water surface profiles The calculated stream flow rate velocity cross sectional area and water depth serve as a basis for determining the heat and mass fluxes into and out of each computational element due to flow Mass balance determines the concentrations of conservative minerals coliform bacteria and nonconservative constituents at each computational element In addition to material fluxes major processes included in mass balance are transformation of nutrients algal production benthic and carbonaceous demand atmospheric reaeration and the effect of these processes on the dissolved oxygen balance QUAL2E uses chlorophyll a as the indicator of planktonic algae biomass The nitrogen cycle is divided into four compartments organic nitrogen ammonia nitrogen nitrite nitrogen nitrate nitrogen In a similar manner the phosphorus cycle is modeled by using two compartments The primary internal sink of dissolved oxygen in the model is biochemical oxygen demand BOD The major sources of dissolved oxygen are algal photosynthesis and atmospheric reaeration The model is applicable to dendritic streams that are well mixed It assumes that the major
52. stants shown in Figure 6 3 f E Point source or discharge and withdrawal data 1 Point source 0 48 m s DO 4 0 mg l CBODU 5 0 mg l T 25 0 2 Withdrawal Q 0 5 m s These data are entered on the screen shown in Figure 6 3 c F Reaction rates 1 The bio oxidation rate for CBODU was deter mined from long term BOD tests For all reaches of the Dirty River 0 6 per day For all reaches of Clear Creek and Bull Run K 0 6 per day The BOD settling rate is zero except in the pond where it is 0 1 per day The reaeration coefficient is to be calculated by the O Connor and Dobbins method Op tion 3 for all reaches of the Clear River and Bull Run and it is to be computed by the Thackston and Krenkel method Option 5 in all reaches of the Dirty River Temperature adjustments to the reaeration rate coefficient are to be made using the O Connor and Dobbins theta value 1 0159 Decaying and settling rates of biochemical oxygen demand are entered on the same screen as for SOD Temperature adjustments to the rate coefficients are made in the Temperature Correction Factors screen shown in Figure 6 3 h G Temperature information 1 Evaporation coefficient Use Lake Hefner equation AE 0 0 and BE 0 0000056 32 2 Dust attenuation coefficient 0 13 3 Location of basin metropolis longitude 83 3 standard meridian 75 Latitude 42 5 Basin elevation 150 m 4 Local climatolog
53. ta come from past gaged data and special survey data on velocities and depths 1 Vel 0 25 0 Depth 0 44 0055 Dirty River 2 Clear Creek Vel 0 38 0237 Depth 0 51 081 3 Bull Run Vel 0 28 0239 Depth 0 48 0058 4 Pond Vel 0 065 Q 55 Depth 1 1 0095 Table 6 1 Example Run Matrix for QUAL2E Windows Interface Component EXAMPLE RUN QUAL2E 1 2 3 Simulation Steady state f f Dynamic f Water quality constituents Temperature f CBODU DO Algae lt gt gt gt Phosphorus gt gt Fecal coliform Non conservative Conservative Observed DO data Temperature correction factors Default User defined Climatological data Reach variable Global f f f Functional data Headwaters f f Point sources withdrawals f f Dams f Flow augmentation Downstream condition f Trapezoidal channels Uncertainty analysis Sensitivity First order error f Monte Carlo Units U S units f f 24 Table 6 2 Example Input Files with QUAL2E Windows QUAL2E Type of File QUAL2E Interface QUAL2E Model QUALZE Windows Interface 2 QUAL2E Windows interface QUALZE Windows interface Input__ aarzeoosinp 25 Reservoir ET Bull Run Reservoir EC E 1 Bull Run Figure 6 2 Computational Elements in Ex
54. tem length 1 2 Element type for each reach 3 Global Water quality no of constituents Title line 4 1 variables Geographical amp Lat long dust elev evap 5 climatological data Plot DO BOD List reach numbers to be plotted Observed DO file 7 Global kinetics temp correct factor 1A 1B RUN Funciona Flow data Hydraulic data local 5 5A climatology BOD DO algae N P reaction coefficient 6 6A 6B Forcing function Incremental inflow 10 10A Point loads withdrawals 11 11A 3 Downstream boundary 13 13A 5 Climatolog climatological data file 20 ical data UNS 21 Input variables for sensitivity analysis 22 Input variables for first order and Monte Carlo VAR 2 analyses Input conditions output i 3 Reach element numbers to be printed 24 a 2 fa Ju fa Ju a la o IN o o o Uncertainty Sensitivity analysis first order error analysis Monte Analysis Carlo simulation 10 Table 3 2 Element Types Used QUAL2E QUAL2E INTERFACE QUAL2E ELEMENT TYPE MODEL Headwater Standard Upstream of a junction Junction Most downstream Point source Withdrawal Dam USTUMECOI Algae as chlorophyll a Phosphorus cycle organic and dissolved Nitrogen cycle organic ammonia nitrite nitrite Coliforms Arbitrary nonconservative constituent Three conservative constituents
55. ter River eaches the basis of most input data ration B Figure 2 1 QUAL2E Constituent Interactions The global variables include simulation variables such as units and simulation type water quality con stituents and some physical characteristics of the basin Up to 15 water quality constituents can be modeled by QUAL2E Forcing functions are user specified inputs that drive the system being modeled These inputs are speci fied in terms of flow water quality characteristics and local climatology QUAL2E accommodates four types of hydraulic and mass load forcing functions in addition to local climatological factors headwater inputs point sources or withdrawals incremental inflow outflow along a reach and the downstream boundary concentration optional Local climatological data are required for the simulation of algae and temperature The temperature simulation uses a heat balance across the air water interface and thus requires values of wet and dry bulb air temperatures atmospheric pressure wind velocity and cloud cover The algal simulation requires values of net solar radiation For dynamic simulations these climatological data must be input at regular time intervals over the course of the simulation and are ap plied uniformly over the entire river basin For modeling steady state temperature and algae average daily local climatological data are required a
56. that you are in select the RUN button to run the model with the input file you created When you select the RUN option all the entries in the file will be validated If any errors are detected during the validation QUAL2E will put up a message informing you of the type of error detected and will then take you to the prompt that is incorrect Once all valid entries are made the file is submitted to the appropriate model for execution An icon will appear at the bottom of the screen for those blocks for which the QUAL2E model is called When the processing of the interface input file is complete QUALE2 will execute and will ask you whether you want to view the output file If you indicate that you wish to view the output file QUAL2E will show it using a text editor You can annotate the results if you choose to do so To exit from the WRITE text editor choose Exit from the File menu or press the ALT and F keys simultaneously ALT F then press the X key You will return to the interface screens 5 6 QUAL2E Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys All the Windows interface screens have a series of buttons immediately below the menu bar to make frequently used commands easily accessible These buttons and the commands they represent are accessible in three ways 1 click on a button with the left mouse key to perform the function it names 2 press the ALT key along with the underlined letter in the button title e g ALT N for t
57. the top of the Window ALT E You can use this capability to copy cut a selected block of data either rows or columns or both and paste to another area if the same data are to be duplicated or you can use it to copy data from a spreadsheet program where you might have data climatological data and paste it for use by QUAL2E To select a block click the left mouse button on the top left cell of the desired block and drag the mouse to the bottom right cell keeping the left mouse button pressed The first cell selected will be highlighted rather than in reverse video as are the remaining cells in the area that you have selected Choose or Cut from the Edit menu depending on what you would like to do To paste the block that you just copied move to the area to which you want to copy the block and select the Paste option from EDIT You will see a message warning you that any data existing in the selected area will be overwritten To select a block that is larger or wider than a screen proceed to the cell that will begin your block and click with the left mouse button Then move the screen by clicking on the scroll bars so that you can view the last cell in the desired block position the cursor above the last cell and press the SHIFT key and the left mouse button simultaneously This will highlight the area that you want 2 Arithmetic Box One of the key features of the QUAL2E Windows interface is its abil
58. to the QUAL2E model for execution by clicking on the RUN button An icon will appear at the bottom of the screen with the words QUAL2E MODEL EXECUTION When the processing is complete the output will be shown in the default output file viewer i e default editor View the output carefully 33 Flow QAL2E001 0UT Flow Rate 29 15 Flow 10 FLOWIN CMS 05 0 0 59 40 30 20 10 River Kilometer Reaches 1to 6 Temp DO 8 BOD GAL2E001 OUT Concentration 25 30 a p un f TEMP IN ES tag DEGC DONMGIL 10 40 30 20 Fiver Kilometer Reaches 110 6 Figure 6 4 QUAL2E Graph from Example 1 Reach 2 4 5 QAL2E001 0UT Flow Rate 0 5 0 4 Flow 0 d FLOWIN 02 CMS 01 L2 10 b 000 River Kilometer Reaches 2 to 5 Reach 2 45 Quality 22001 OUT Concentraton 30 25 TEMPIN DEG C 20 amp 5 S BOOS IN 10 5 DONMGIL 0 1 River Kilometer Reaches 2 to 5 Phosphorus QAL2E002 0UT Concentration Cono 30 20 Figure 6 5 Phosphorus Concentration vs Distance 0 10 ORGP IN DISP IN SUMP IN 0 00 10 0 STEP 4 If you want to draw QUAL2E graphic click on the Graphics Button A QUAL2E graphic for Example 2 is shown in Figure 6 5 To exit from QUAL2E press ALT F for File and then X for Exit 6 3 Example 3 Dynamic Diurnal Simulation This example
59. tolog 6 SA Reaction coefficient a 6B J asal Incremental flow peer M intermediate output af s P o Y aaa 0 ae el _ Y 2125 el Ouputvariaoes j af s P _ AM eges ep 1 2484 OA me VARIABLE 24 3 were obtained from appropriate Input code A Ce Analysis ___ als Artie ol AE Fractorial O EE se ______ eel s 51 Table 1 continued Data QUAL2E code moa EL xS Input L lea File see see Table 2 for 25 1 2 2 for 25 1 2 Variables for First Order and x Analysis jeENERICwGROUP c20 e ______ wvamaroN S al _______ 25 4 5 Normal Normal DER LM normal n Element Number to Printed JREACHNO DR R A asf al a 44 52 REFERENCE Brown C and Barnwell Jr 1987 The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E QUAL2E UNCAS Documentation
60. transport mechanisms advection and dispersion are signifi cant only along the main direction of flow the longitudinal axis of the stream or canal It allows for multiple waste discharges withdrawals tributary flows and incremental inflow and outflow It also has the capability to compute required dilution flows for flow augmentation to meet any pre specified dis solved oxygen level Hydraulically QUAL2E is limited to the simulation of time periods during which both the stream flow in river basins and input waste loads are essentially constant QUAL2E can operate as either steady state or a quasi dynamic model making it a very helpful water quality planning tool When operated as a steady state model it can be used to study the impact of waste loads magnitude quality and location on instream water quality By operating the model dynamically the user can study the effects of diurnal variations in meteorological data on water quality primarily dissolved oxygen and temperature and also can study diurnal dissolved oxygen varia tions due to algal growth and respiration However the effects of dynamic forcing functions such as headwater flows or point loads cannot be modeled in QUAL2E 2 2 Prototype Presentation Prototype representation in QUAL2E consists of dividing a stream into a network consisting of Headwater Reaches and Junctions The fundamental reason for subdividing sections of a stream into reaches i
61. utput STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6 file To see a list of the files that exist in your default directory click on the arrow to the right of the filename box From the pull down menu select the file that you would like to use as input for graphics Select the type of graph from the list pro vided Then specify a starting reach and an ending reach If the starting reach and the ending reach are not in the same branch or the ending reach is not located downstream from the starting reach you will see a message informing you that you need to make another selection Click the RUN button when you have made all the selections on the first screen You will see a box informing you that the selections you made will be saved under the filename shown at the top of the screen e g QALGRO01 INP Next you will see a list of files in a box with the title GRAPHIC SELECTION The file that was just generated will be selected You may select up to four graphs from the list presented Choose OK to draw the graphs The graphs that you selected will be drawn on the screen Once drawn you have two options PRINT print the graphs s on the screen select the GRAPH option at the top of the screen and select PRINT The file will be printed to the default Windows printer EDIT This option allows you to copy the image and paste it to any Windows application through the Clipboard To do this click on E
62. y cloudiness 0 25 Dry bulb temperature 25 0 C wet bulb tem perature 20 0 atmospheric pressure 980 mbar wind speed 2 5 m s These data are provided in the Geographical and Climatological data screen as shown in Figure 6 3 i The steps that you must follow for this example are explained in detail below STEP 1 Select the QUAL2E Windows interface by clicking twice on the QUAL2E icon STEP 2 Select existing called QAL2E001 INP in the QUAL2E interface by selecting the File option followed by the Open option The file will be loaded into the QUAL2E interface total of 24 Screens are available to you when you click on the INDEX button that illustrates the overall structure of the input file The other screens are grayed out due to choices made in the sample run Normally QUAL2E requires you to provide information on the reach system of the study area simulation control variables functional data and climatology data Since you are retrieving an existing input file you are not required to do this STEP 3 Examine the input file in detail and familia rize yourself with it by using the NEXT and BACK buttons to move through the screens and the HELP button to obtain general and detailed information about the interface and specific prompts Areas on which you should focus are given below How to describe a complete stream system The first three screens are most important because the majorit
63. y of the data on the fol lowing screens are dependent upon the information given by Screens 1 3 First you must enter the number of reaches in the system on Screen 1 If you do not en ter this number the interface will not let you access other screens Then you are required to give the reach name beginning and ending river miles or kilometers for each reach an indication of the headwaters and an element length The sequence of the reaches that you provide on Screen 2 should always be entered from the most upstream reach to the most downstream reach The element length is a computational unit that has to be divisible by all reaches The information on Screen 2 will be used to display the reach connections Remember that river reaches and computational elements are the basis of most data input It is sug gested that you draw a reach network sys tem before entering the data How to use the unit conversion The unit selection appears on the first screen The QUAL2E interface permits two sets of units metric and U S units Metric units for example are selected for Example 1 QAL2E001 INP If you want to change to U S units you can simply click on U S units Then a windows mes sage will ask you whether you would like to convert all the variables from metric to U S units or just change the unit titles for the variables without converting the vari ables values At this point you need to choose YES NO or Cancel
64. y software user s manual It does not establish or affect legal rights or obligations It does not establish binding requirements This document is expected to be revised periodically to reflect changes in this rapidly evolving area Comments from users will be welcomed Send comments to U S EPA Office of Water Office of Science and Technology Standards and Applied Science Division 4305 401 M Street SW Washington DC 20460 Tudor T Davies Director Office of Science and Technology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The QUAL2E Windows Interface software and this user s manual were written by Mohammed Lahlou Ph D and Sayedul H Choudhury of Tetra Tech Inc and Yin Wu Ph D and Kirk Baldwin of General Science Corporation under the direction of D King Boynton of EPA s Office of Science and Technology The authors would like to thank Gerald LaVeck and Russell Kinerson of the Office of Science and Technology for their contribution and assistance in the successful completion of this project DISCLAIMER The information contained in this user s manual is intended to assist in using the Windows interface for the QUAL2E model developed by the U S Environmental Protection Agency s Office of Science and Technology This user s manual is not a substitute for The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E UNCAS Documentation and User Manual developed by Thomas O Barnwell Jr and Linfield C Brown EPA 600 3 87 007 which addresses the mod
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