Home

TopCal 21 User`s manual

1. This tool is of use to compute the distance defined by the geographic coordinates of two points A dialog box is displayed to be filled in with the geographic coordinates degrees minutes and seconds of both points The program simultaneously shows the result in meters 174 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations Toal l 0 6 4 Circle Intersection C lculo de intersecci n de c rculos x Y Z 433267 633 4467888 146 687 737 434582 782 4467918 282 684 137 435647 077 4467658 385 667 331 437605 413 4468258 818 623 577 434067 622 4466753 923 681 409 436750 951 4467029 864 624 494 432642 571 4466161 607 694 947 ADANIN Cet AACE VE 777 ent DAA Son nuURWNR Datos del circulo 1 Definicion Centro y radio Centro Centro 434067 622 4466753 923 Radio 1 Radio 1000 000 Punto 3 Datos del c rculo 2 Definici n 2 puntos w Punto 4 Centro 435845 256 4466640 819 Punto 5 Radio 985 718 Punto 6 Resultados Soluci n 1 434936 520 4466258 931 681 409 O Soluci n 2 434992 248 4467134 799 681 409 N mero de punto Salvar This tool is of use to compute the intersection between two circles These may be defined in any of the following possibilities Three points Three points on the circumference of the circle Two points Diameter of a circle defined by two points Centre and radius L L L L Centre and one point of the circle Circle with a centre on one point and another poin
2. i Separators when reading codes Here the user can select the different characters used to separate the different codes of a point The sketch files field shot files used by TopCal 21 will have by default the extension CRQ TogCal21 fig Toolbars 3 1 Toolbar MainTool E iF iW ww X amp AbreArch AbreProy SalvaProy Salva Inserta Elimina Agrega y mw amp 1S wl amp Deshacer Rehacer Borra Recupera SistRef Instrum Imprimir Calcula Ayuda Acerca This toolbar consists of the following commands E New It is of use to create an existing document project point observation or sketch file l gt Open File lt opens an existing point or observation file adding it to the folder Other files l er Open Project lt opens an existing TopCal project l le Save Project lt saves the current project If it was not previously saved the program would open the Windows explorer for a name and a destination folder This option would only be active if the document had been modified TopCal 21 User s manual Toolbars 39 TorLal2 A Save lt saves the current document If it was not previously saved the program would open the Windows explorer for a name and a destination folder This option would only be active if the document had been modified qe Insert It inserts a point file or observations in the current project A Delete lt deletes a point file observations or sketch fro
3. 277 9672 312 925 297 774 Acimut de la direcci n 202 4256 152 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools TorLal21 fig If the network would have been free this is if only one fixed point in Step2 would have been selected in this example the direction 10012 to 10001 with value 202 4256 grad would have been selected On the contrary if the user would have several fixed points and decided to define several fixed directions he should know the azimuth of these directions accurately for example by using a gyroscope In this case the dialog box would look like this where the user has to select the file with those azimuths a Compensaci n de redes por m nimos cuadrados Selecci n de direcciones fijas Se ha seleccionado incluir direcciones fijas en el c lculo Por tanto debe seleccionar los archivos que contienen los acimutes entre los puntos Estos acimutes deben conocerse con exactitud por ejemplo habiendo utilizado un gir scopo para determinar en campo este valor Si no dispone de ninguna medida de este tipo desactive la opci n Fijar direcciones conocidas en el c lculo en el Paso 3 Por favor seleccione de la siguiente lista el archivo que contiene los acimutes Ficheros de visuales Nombre Instrumento Prec Ang Prec Dist 1 New_Pol_Tun leica ajustado E r E TE a re 2 i When the needed options have been selected the user can press on the butt
4. xX 436292 240 461991 720 492876 680 438246 420 465576 020 491263 510 442303 500 468308 020 501296 260 Y 4455665 330 4456528 980 4456776 890 4436127 240 4435760 750 4440214 650 4416301 600 4419453 780 4411430 700 Nombre Cantue a El Pino Piqueras Langosta Palomar Casasola Roman Tres Madero After having introduced these data the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 2 Enter Error Marcador no definido station information 6 22 2 station information Step 2 EnteriError Marcador no definido This is the second step to generate vertex sketches The program displays a list with the points selected in the previous step where the additional data must be introduced if this was not done on another occasion to fill in the vertex file Likewise the files containing the photograph and the sketch of the point must be chosen Among these fields are the following 206 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations OE 0 Situation Literal description of the point location i Zone Place within the county where the point lies i Province A county should be selected al Sheet National Map Sheet where the point lies i UTM Zone i Marker Type of sign used to mark the point Picture i Sketch fi Generar rese as de v rtices N mero Nombre Croquis 58325 El Pino 58425 Piqueras 60534 Langosta 60634 Palomar 60726 Casasola Situac
5. In this dialog box you need to select the fo i Reference system The reference syst llowing parameters em corresponds to the coordinates of the points and is composed by a projection and a reference ellipsoid The dialog box shows the reference systems previously saved in the program These can be edited or added by using the buttons in the lower part of the window When editing the user will access another dialog box which is explained in the topic 9 2 Toral21 aig i Lineal units Here the user selects the units for the point coordinates He she can choose between meters or feet i Angular units Here the units for the orientations of the points are saved These can be degrees grads or pseudodecimal degrees Once the parameters are chosen and defined the main window of the program is activated which shows the spreadsheet to start editing the points The fields are variable and the user can select which ones to show This can be done by going to the Preferences in the Edit Menu explained in the help topic 8 1 or clicking on the right mouse button over the data heading and selecting the option View fields The point files used by TopCal 21 have the extension PTS by default 2 4 Observation file As indicated by its name this type of file contains the observations that have been stored upon data taking The topographic observations are defined by i Station This field identifies the stat
6. coordinates and whose units are the same as the observations al Standardized residual dimensionless value that should be less than 3 29 If it is more the symbol will appear on the right side In the event the goodness of fit couldn t be checked the symbol will appear i Class The class can be either Direction or Distance and will help the user to detect the erroneous data of the observation By clicking on the header of the list the user can rearrange the columns in an ascending or descending way The window also shows the number of observations used and the number of unknown parameters that the program has resolved In the event the user decided to calculate the scale factor this value will be shown next to the standard deviation both values as parts per million At last the program will also show the a posteriori standard deviation of the system which value is dimensionless and_ its interpretation is as follows awl If it is less than 1 this means that the achieved accuracy is greater than the one expected for the used instruments If it is approximately 1 this means the achieved accuracy is as expected Torlal2 If it is greater than 1 this means the achieved accuracy is less aig J than the one expected for the used instruments pu Compensaci n de redes por m nimos cuadrados Est Vis Desv Tip Desv Tip Res sin Res tipi Clase 10006 10003
7. observations of angle and distance necessary to locate new points on the ground in order to stake out This option will only be available if there is a current active project v Transfor lt is of use to transform the coordinates of a point file into a system or to transform a certain system into another set of points in another file out of the knowledge of common points between both systems This option will only be available if there is a current active project l 2 Observa lt is of use to generate an observation file starting from the known coordinates of a set of points This option will only be available if there is a current active project 3 3 Toolbar Coordinates Coordenadas _ EJ KO A Y A WY 3 aw Radiaci n Directas Inversas Hansen B Mixta Altimetria Poligonal Comp3D This toolbar consists of the following commands 1 COGO It is of use to compute the coordinates of new points from the coordinates of a station and the respective observations of angle and distance This option will only be available if there is a current active project l ah Intersec It is of use to compute the coordinates of new points from the observations of angle performed from at least two known coordinated points This option will only be available if there is a current active project Toal l fd l wie 3 Resect lt is of use to compute the coordinates of new points from the observations of angles perfor
8. 6 22 Generate Data Information of Stations This tool is of use to generate data information of a set of stations stored in a TopCal file The program generates a file in HTML format from a template predesigned by the user Nevertheless the program includes a default template The computation is made up of the following three steps al Step 1 Point Error Marcador no definido Selection al Step 2 Enter Error Marcador no definido station information al Step 3 Enter Error Marcador no definido Output Files 6 22 1 Step 1 PointiError Marcador no definido Selection This is the first step to generate data information of stations Toral21 aig A screen is shown displaying the points with coordinates stored in the current file The points should be selected wherefrom data information are to be generated The list shown contains the following fields PointjError Marcador no definido number i Coordinates ENH i Name Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges may be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or may also be used to select or cancel all points TorLal2 Seleccion de puntos Numero 58234 58325 58425 60534 60634 60726 63053 63145 63251
9. ENH coordinates PointjError Marcador no definido number C lculo de intersecci n de rectas 433267 633 434582 782 435647 077 437605 413 434067 622 436750 951 432642 571 434939 561 437128 376 438691 011 430788 455 431865 417 433479 372 Y 4467888 146 4467918 282 4467658 385 4468258 818 4466753 923 4467029 864 4466161 607 4466251 773 4465599 250 4465852 137 4464514 167 4464827 556 44454323 5A40 Datos de la recta 1 687 737 684 137 667 331 623 577 681 409 624 494 694 947 691 841 673 795 664 465 708 644 688 661 702 934 Datos de la recta 2 Punto 1 l6 Punto 2 Punto 3 Punto intersecci n Punto 4 x 434766 113 Y 4474553 312 Z Numero de punto 22 4 After having computed the intersection it can be saved in the point file with the point indicated in the field Point number by pressing the button Savel 180 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations Toal l 0 6 7 Maxima and Minima C lculo de m ximas y m nimas SHS e gt C 3 i Dm o i x Y 433267 633 4467888 146 687 737 434582 782 4467918 282 684 137 435647 077_ 4467658 385 667 331 4468258 818 5 ER 434067 622 4466753 923 681 409 436750 951 4467029 864 624 494 432642 571 4466161 607 694 947 E 434939 561 4466251 773 691 841 437128 376 4465599 250 673 795 0 4465852 137 664 465 _ 430788 455 4464514 167 708 64
10. Error de estaci n 3 mm In this dialog box you can define the following parameters al Instruments The program will show a list of the surveying instruments saved in the application The user can select one of these or define and add a new instrument by using the buttons below If the user chooses to create a new instrument or edit one that already exists he she will access a dialog box called Surveying Instrument explained in detail in the topic 9 1 Linear Units The units of the distances reflector height and instrument height is entered here the user can choose meters or feet Angular units These are the units of the horizontal and vertical angles measured by the instrument The available options are grads degrees or pseudodecimal degrees TorLal2 010 i Observation features This is the error committed when reading the observation and when setting the station usual values are 3 or 5 mm for each Once these parameters are set the main window is activated with the spreadsheet ready to start entering or editing observation values The fields are variable and the user can select which ones to show This can be done by going to the Preferences in the Edit Menu explained in the help topic 8 1 or clicking on the right mouse button over the data heading and selecting the option View fields The observation files used by TopCal 21 have by default the extension OBS 2 5 Sketch file The sk
11. Points ordered by ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range Also the buttons or may be used to select or cancel all points After having selected the desired points we carry on to Step 3 Observation Selection by pressing the button Next otherwise we could turn back to Step 1 Enter Input Data Files by pressing the button Back 5 4 3 Step 3 Observation Selection This is the third step in the computation of intersections A screen is shown with the observations stored in the observation files selected in Step 1 to which contribute points selected in Step 2 The list shown contains the following fields wi File index lt indicates the observation file index where the observation is stored Station point number Target point number Horizontal angle L L L L Vertical angle al Distance Multiple observations may be selected using the key CTRL and pressing with the left mouse button on the desired observations If an already selected observation is pressed it will be cancelled Toal 1 010 Observations ordered by ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit observations defining the range Also the buttons All or may be used to select all the observations or to cancel them After the desired observations have been selected the button may be pressed to carry
12. 4087810 4069347 4071921 4065839 lt lt Anterior After having accepted the data shown the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 4 Transformation parameters or button Back to turn back to Step 2 Common Points to Both Systems 130 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools TorLal21 fig 5 11 4 Step 4 Transformation parameters This is the fourth step in the computation of transformation A screen is shown with the computed transformation parameters rotation angles translations and scale factor 2 Transformaci n xX pm a Parametros de la transformaci n G y Diferencia entre centroides Origen de rotaci n O x0 101 7873 0 0000 m xi 4881052 700 m f YO 104 9023 0 0000 m Tee E E Rotaciones GiroenX 0 00022 0 00017 g X2 4881154 487 m Giro en Y 0 00045 0 00028 g Y2 288644 580 m Giro en Z 399 99884 0 00017 g Z2 4082912 118 m Escala Desviaci n t pica Escala 4 7758 2 4265 ppm 0 201 m The transformation parameters shown depend on the type of transformation selected in the previous step so for the computation in two dimensions the parameters will be Rotation XO YO and Scale and for a computation in three dimensions they will be Omega Phi Kappa X0 YO ZO and Scale After having accepted the data shown the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 5 Transformed Points and Output or button Back to turn back to Step 3 Residuals TopCal 21 User s man
13. 4416301 600 4419453 940 4411430 700 Z 683 372 729 708 819 900 636 600 741 238 644 127 686 300 745 596 787 600 Nombre Cantue a El Pino Piqueras Langosta Palomar Casasola Roman Tres Madero Punto 1 Punto 2 160726 60634 Acimut Distancia Incr X Incr Y 289 0713 26070 316 25687 112 4453 498 This tool is of use to compute the azimuth and the distance between two points The dialog box displays the following fields TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 183 PointjError Marcador no definido list Point list of current file A point should be selected wherefrom the coordinates of the new point will be computed i PointjError Marcador no definido 1 First point to compute the azimuth and the distance PointjError Marcador no definido 2 Second point to compute the azimuth and the distance Azimuth In grads Distance In meters 6 10 Triangle solving A Resoluci n de tri ngulos Inc gnitas ABC aBC ACa abc bcc Incognitas 45 6789 A 87 4475 100 456 41 7686 93 532 140 2731 184 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations Toral21 aig This tool is of use to compute the elements of a triangle knowing some of its data The data corresponding to the sides are shown in lowercase letters and the data corresponding to the angles are shown in uppercase letters as seen in the figure The dialog box displays the foll
14. Azimuth i Data of the circle Definition Type of definition The possibilities and fields to be filled in are as follows 3 points Point 3 Point 4 Point 5 2 points Point 3 Point 4 Centre and Radius Centre Radius in meters Centre and Point Centre Point of Circle Toal l fd Centre Computed Centre Radius Radius computed in meters wl Results Solution 1 Solution 2 Point number After having computed the intersection the selected solution can be saved in the point file with the point number indicated in the field PointjError Marcador no definido number by pressing the button Savel 6 6 Straight Line Intersection This tool is of use to compute the intersection between straight lines The straight lines may be defined by two points or by one point and an azimuth Depending on whether one definition of the straight line or another is selected the fields corresponding to those definitions will be activated or deactivated The fields displayed are as follows PointjError Marcador no definido list Point list of the current file Data of straight line 1 Depending on the selected option it may show Point Error Marcador no definido 1 Point 3 Point Error Marcador no definido 1 Azimuth 1 i Data of the straight linejError Marcador no definido 2 Depending on the selected option it may show Point 2 Point 4 Point 2 Azimuth 2 al Intersection point
15. Entering of input files Topcal 21 User s manual Tools 145 5 13 3 Step 3 Network and output lists setup The third step of the process is the selection of the observations that will be used in the computation and the additional lists that the user wants as a result In order to perform the horizontal compensation two different equations can be used one corresponding direction and one corresponding distance If only horizontal angles have been measured the network will be called a triangulation If only distances have been measured it is called Trilateration And in case both directions and distances have been observed the network is called Triangulateration It is possible to set up fixed known directions in the calculations This option allows the user to enter exact azimuths between known points for example if observed with a gyroscope If as commented previously distances have been taken and there are two or more fixed points one can calculate the scale difference by means of methods of base and distance If the network is free it is a requirement to select distances to set the network scale The network can also be adjusted in heights and for this purpose one has to select the mentioned equations Traditionally vertical and horizontal networks were treated separately since vertical and horizontal observations are independent and there is no correlation among EN and H coordinates If a vertical adjustment i
16. Selection by pressing the button Back TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 79 5 3 5 Step 5 Output Data Setup This is the fifth and last step in the computation of altimetry compensation A screen is shown with the final computed coordinates and the way these have to be saved The following fields appear i Final coordinates A list shows up with the new computed points their coordinates and orientation i TopCal output file The name of the TopCal file where the points will be stored can be selected Any of the existing points can be chosen or a new file generated If we wish to generate a new file we may or may not add it to the current project i Adding new points If the point file is not new we may or may not modify the points with the same number they have in the chosen output file After the output data have been set up the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 4 Results and Generated Residuals by pressing the button Back TorCal21 N mero 10001 10003 10005 10007 10008 10010 10011 10013 10016 10017 10018 10019 10020 X 413960 835 413808 545 413908 982 413744 039 414072 313 413623 085 413989 813 413834 761 413492 682 413619 188 413698 345 413759 835 413478 347 Y 4498098 327 4498037 070 4497886 533 4497790 543 4497967 606 4497717 639 4497738 615 4497648 269 4498093 492 4498206 742 4497995 905 4498260 795 4497933 8
17. Toolbar Palette In the status bar information about the selected tool will be shown as well as request messages for the user Also when a sketch file is active the cursor coordinates are offered Toal l afd File Structure 2 1 Create a New File From this dialog box a new file can be created project point file observation file or sketch file The type of file to be created should be selected in the list of icons displayed on the upper side of the dialog box If the user decides to create a new project by clicking on the first icon the dialog box will have the following appearance L Fichero nuevo Seleccionar tipo de fichero A E Bl Proyecto Puntos Visuales Croquis Nombre del fichero red topogr fica Trabajo opcional Red Principal Ubicaci n C Proyectos TopCal red topogr fica TopCal 21 User s manual File Structure 25 If the user selects any other of the three options the dialog box will look like this L Fichero nuevo Seleccionar tipo de fichero 2 gg E Y Proyecto Puntos Visuales Croquis Nombre del fichero vertices Y Incluir en el proyecto Proyecto Ejemplo v Ubicaci n C Proyectos TopCal Ejemplo TopCal 21 m The fields shown are as follows ai File Type a Project file This file defines the relation among the different files that compose the project For more information read topic 2 2 3 Point file This is the file
18. n Visado Distancia Multiple observations may be selected using the key CTRL and pressing the left mouse button on the desired observations If an already selected observation is pressed it will be cancelled Observations ordered by ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit observations defining the range Also the buttons or may be used to select or cancel all observations After having selected the desired observations we carry on to Step 4 Results and Generated Residuals by pressing the button Next otherwise we could turn back to Step 2 Point Selection by pressing the button Back TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 17 ag 5 3 4 TorLal2 1 Step 4 Results and Generated Residuals This is the fourth step in the computation of altimetry compensation A screen is shown with the different observations used in the computation Also shown is the number of unknowns and observations used as well as the variance of the series The following fields are offered Station number L L L L L L L L Target point number Vertical angle Distance Weight The first observation is assigned weight 1 The remainder of the weights that are assigned are inversely proportional to the distance difference Elevation difference Residual Instrument height Reflector height Torlal2 Est 10001 10001 10001 10001 10002 1
19. 0 0005 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 219 After the desired observations have been selected the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Output Data Setup or button Back to turn back to Step 1 Observation Selection 6 24 3 Step 3 Output Data Setup This is the third and last step in the computation of systematic errors The following fields are shown i List of computed errors with the corrected observations With indication of the station number TargetjError Marcador no definido pointjError Marcador no definido number HorizontaljError Marcador no definido angle Vertical Error Marcador no definido angle and geometric distance i TopCal output file The name of the TopCal file where the observations will be stored may be selected One of the existing files may be chosen or a new file generated If you wish to generate a new file you may or may not add it to the Current project i Adding new observations lf the observation file is not new you may or may not modify the observations with the same Station and same TargetjError Marcador no definido point lying in the chosen output file TorLal2 R Calcular medias CD Cl Configurar salida de datos Visado LH 270 4576 305 1835 378 2586 361 9100 262 0672 337 8424 337 8459 161 1291 2 anran Estaci n LV 95 0881 95 0595 98 2180 93 7462 104 9121 98 5800 103 8304 103 6839 93 9172 nan arc Distanc
20. 10 View toolbars In this dialog box the view options available in the program may be chosen They are i Selection of the desired toolbars The toolbars most commonly used may be selected so that their icons and calls are more easily accessible Toal 1 0 i Selection of the toolbar information The program offers three possible selections display only icon icon with explanatory text and only text i Selection of additional options lt is possible to select an additional information display when placing the mouse over the tool with reproduction of a sound as the computation operations have been concluded E Barras de herramientas Botones y textos V Herramientas S lo botones Y C lculo de coordenadas O S lo textos C Dibujo C Paleta Sugerencias 8 11 View fields TopCal 21 User s manual Viewing Options 241 Toal 1 0 Other commands 9 1 Surveying instruments TopCal 21 allows the user to define the surveying instruments used when doing the observations saved in the files When creating an observation file the user will specify with which instrument the observations were taken This will allow the program know with what accuracy the measurements were taken and when to adjust the observations in the computations For example when using least squares to calculate coordinates it is usual to adjust the observations proportionately inverted to the accuracy they have This accu
21. 6 436750 951 4467029 864 624 494 432642 571 434939 561 437128 376 438691 011 430788 455 431865 417 4466161 607 4466251 773 4465599 250 4465852 137 4464514 167 4464827 556 694 947 691 841 673 795 664 465 708 644 688 661 v TorLal21 N mero E 6 9 0 2 e gt Titulo del perfil Escalas Dimensiones Horizontal 1 313 mm Perfil Vertical Ancho 13025 mm Configurar perfil Ficheros de salida Fichero de perfiles longitudinales C prog Basura caribersa Longitudinal asc N lu iG Fichero de dibujo con el perfil _C prog Basura caribersa Longitudinales dxf This tool is of use to compute longitudinal profiles made up by a set of points stored in a TopCal point file The program displays a dialog box with the available points showing their coordinates and their point number To the right of this list the points are displayed that are going to be part of the profile These can be added by double clicking on the particular point or pressing the button gt gt Likewise it is possible to delete them from the profile with the button lt lt 188 Topcal 21 User s manual Computations Toal l 0 It is possible to indicate the horizontal and vertical scales for the generation of the respective drawing file Next the plotting size the profile is going to have will be expressed in millimetres depending on its length the scales and the options added to
22. 73 83 93 103 113 120 126 135 143 220 TorLal2 SimbLib 45 Situation 210 Skecth 45 Sketch 5 8 142 170 210 234 Sketch file 5 21 27 36 Sketching Code List 50 Small Icons 51 Solution 173 Solution 1 179 181 Solution 2 179 181 Split line 59 Square 44 59 Stakeout 6 41 53 119 Stakeout maximal distance 119 121 122 Standard deviation of the observation 159 167 Standard deviation of the residual 160 167 Standardized residual 160 167 Station 32 151 159 162 166 219 Station number 18 78 109 Station point number64 67 76 86 96 116 221 Status Bar 51 Strip 216 Sum of the three angles 70 Symbol 8 44 240 Symbols Library 50 Target 32 Target number 18 Target point32 61 90 100 104 151 159 162 167 219 221 223 TorLal2 Target point number64 67 76 78 86 96 109 116 138 221 223 Template file 212 218 Theodolite features 248 250 Three points 177 180 Through a tensor 196 Toolbars 5 39 51 TopCal output file80 90 100 110 117 132 139 169 198 223 Topographic Instruments 50 247 Transfor 42 Transformations 57 Translation 3D 128 Translation EN 128 Translation H 128 translations 131 Traverse 43 Traverses 6 53 102 Triangle solver 56 Triangulateration 147 Trilateration 147 Two points 177 180 Type of entity 237 00 Type of transformation 195 Undo 40 49 unknown parameters 160 167 UTM Zone 200 206 210 Value of the data 188 Value of the unknowns
23. Errors 6 24 2 Step 2 Computation of Systematic Errors This is the second step in the computation of systematic errors A screen is shown with the observations selected in the previous step with which the listed errors have been computed The list shown contains the following fields al StationjError Marcador no definido point number al TargetjError Marcador no definido point number i Collimation error i Index error 218 Topcal 21 User s manual Computations TogCal21 fig Multiple observations may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired observations with the left mouse button If an already selected observation is pressed it will be cancelled ObservationsjError Marcador no definido ordered in ranges may be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit observations defining the range The buttons or may also be used to select or cancel all observations According to the selected observations the mean errors will be simultaneously computed and it will be displayed in the field Computed systematic errors Select or cancel observations to obtain optimal mean errors 5 Calcular medias CD Cl Err colima Err eclim 0 0016 Calcular media de visuales deseleccionadas Todas Errores sistematicos calculados Errores accidentales Error de colimaci n 0 0045 0 0009 Error acimutal 0 0039 Error de ecl metro 0 0011 0 0011 Error cenital
24. List of reciprocal observations backsight 105 List of transformed non common points 132 List with the generated observations 138 Longitude 203 Major semiaxis 157 Marker 210 Maximal ENH 184 Maximum and minimum 56 Mean Orientation 65 Meridian convergence 203 Minimal ENH 184 Minor semiaxis 157 Mnemonics 238 Move W 46 Move Window 58 N centre 174 Name29 64 74 85 95 114 197 202 208 215 234 New 5 25 39 47 248 249 252 Not weighted residual151 160 163 167 Number 234 number of observations 160 Number of point 164 Number of traverse lines 107 number of used visuals 167 Object Properties 52 Observa 42 Observation data displayed 232 Observation features 35 Observation file 5 21 26 32 TorLal2 1 Observation files62 72 83 93 103 112 142 Observations 67 68 71 90 100 Observations sketches 54 Open 47 Open File 39 Open project 47 Open Project 39 Orienta 41 Orientation 29 64 Orientations 6 52 Other files 22 Output file 212 218 Paste 49 Photogram 216 Picture 210 Planimetric closure 109 Plot name 190 Point 5 8 182 183 234 237 241 Point 1 70 173 180 182 187 Point 2 70 173 182 187 Point 3 70 173 182 Point coordinates 144 Point data displayed 232 Point file 5 21 26 29 Point files62 72 83 93 102 112 119 126 135 142 Point files linked to the sketch file 37 Point files that are not linked 37 Point list 73 178 180 182 184 185 187 189 Point name
25. Proyeccion Elipsoide El Cartesiano L Ninguna Carteciann Ninnima mM Ficheros de visuales Fic Nombre Instrumento Prec Ang Prec Dist 1 Visuales obs Leica TC 1610 3 cc 3 mm 3 p Fichero ASCII de resultados Radiacion html Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo After having introduced these data the button can be pressed to go on to Step 2 Point Selection TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 113 fig TorLal2 1 5 9 2 Step 2 Point Selection This is the second step in radial survey computation A screen is shown giving the points with coordinates stored in the point files selected in Step 1 The station points should be selected where the remainder of the points will be computed from The list shown contains the following fields al File index lt indicates the index of the point file where the point is stored i Point number i Coordinates ENH i Name Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or Nonej can also be used to select or cancel all points TorLal2 3 Radiaci n 00 Estaciones de radiaci n Fic pd pl pd pa pl pl ps pl pl ps E N mero 1000 200
26. Toal l fg i Vertical Error Marcador no definido anglejError Marcador no definido in face 1 Vertical Error Marcador no definido anglejError Marcador no definido in face 2 Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges may be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or may also be used to select or cancel all points The ASCII file should also be indicated with the results of the computation This file can be viewed after the computation with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox on the bottom named Show after computation f you do not wish to create this file you will have to deactivate the checkbox appearing on the left of the name The file will be created in the project directory aQ 8 Calcular medias CD CI Toral2 LH CD 270 4553 305 1813 378 2568 280 8812 361 9073 262 0647 337 8399 337 8430 161 1274 177 0247 LW CD 95 0873 95 0589 98 2181 93 7453 104 9106 98 5793 103 8290 103 6830 93 9173 93 1952 AMA nanan Archivo ASCII de resultados Medias CD ClI html Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo After having introduced these data the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 2 Computation of Systematic
27. are the following i Description Information about the control point characteristics i Photogram Centre of the photogram where the point lies al Strip Strip in which the point lies Torlal2 Introduccion de resenas Numero Nombre Croquis 1000 1001 1002 1003 2001 2002 2003 2004 3001 3002 manm Descripci n En el Campus Sur de la U P M en isleta formada por la acera comprendida Fotograma 102 Pasada 30 Croquis After all point information has been filled in the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Enter Error Marcador no definido Output Files or button Back to turn back to Step 1 PointjError Marcador no definido Selection 6 23 3 Step 3 EnteriError Marcador no definido Output Files This is the third and last step to generate data information of control points The following fields are shown 214 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations TorLal21 fig i Output file A name should be indicated for the HTML output file otherwise it should be located through the Windows explorer that shows up as the button Search is pressed i Template file The name of the HTML template used to generate sketches should be indicated This template may have been created by the user unless the default one offered by the program wanted to be used El Generar rese as de puntos de apoyo Introducir ficheros de salida Fichero de salida PuntosApoy
28. been stored If this field is equal to 0 it means that the point does not currently have any coordinates therefore it is not stored in any file but there exist observations from or towards points with known coordinates al Point number i ENH Coordinates i Name Toal all Multiple points may be selected using the key CTRL and pressing the left mouse button on the desired points If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered by ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range Also the buttons or may be used to select or cancel all points After having selected the desired points we carry on to Step 3 Observation Selection by pressing the button Next otherwise we could turn back to Step 1 Enter Input Data Files by pressing the button Back TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 75 5 3 3 Step 3 Observation Selection This is the third step in the computation of altimetry compensation A screen is shown with the observations stored in the observation files selected in Step 1 to which points contribute that were selected in Step 2 The list shown contains the following fields File index lt indicates the observation file index where the observation is stored Station point number Target point number Horizontal angle Vertical angle L L L L L Distance Toal l all Fic Estaci
29. determined station will not be computed i ASCII Output file The name of the ASCII output file should be written with the results of the computation This file can be viewed after the computation with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox on the bottom named Show after computation The file will be created in the project directory REP Replanteo Introducir ficheros de datos de entrada Ficheros de puntos Fic Nombre Sist Ref Proyeccion Elipsoide iz radia pts Cartesiano L Ninguna Fichero ASCII de resultados Distancia maxima de replanteo Replanteo html 300 Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo After having introduced these data the button Next can be pressed to carry on to Step 2 Station Point Selection 120 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l fd 5 10 2 Step 2 Station Point Selection This is the second step in the computation of the stakeout data A screen is shown giving the points with coordinates stored in the point files selected in Step 1 The station points should be selected From them the stakeout data of the remainder of the points will be computed The list shown contains the following fields al File index lt indicates the index of the point file where the point is stored i Point number i Coordinates ENH i Stakeout maximal distance Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse
30. field Number of the first and the fields Station number and Target number of the second For example when a radial survey is performed from a Station this station should have stored the coordinates in the point file with a certain number This number must coincide with the field Station of the observation menu After the computations have been carried out as many points as observations made will be stored in the point menu with the number indicated by the field Target Point of those observations The program allows saving in the same file several observations from the same station to the same target point like when the operator repeats the observation to improve the output or when direct and inverse observations are done to correct systematic errors from the instrument using the Bessel rule For this the user needs to activate this option by going to Menu Edit Preferences This dialog box of Preferences is explained with detail in the topic 8 1 When the user chooses to create a new observation file the application will show the following dialog box where he she can specify the used survey instruments the conditions during the data observation and the used units EE Fichero de visuales nuevo Instrumental utilizado Nombre Tipo Distanci metro Wild T 2 ptico No Leica TC 1610 Electr nico Si Unidades Caracter sticas de la observaci n roe Lineales metros w Error de se al 3 mm Angulares Centesimal vw
31. for the computations The program will show a list of the observations from the files selected in Step 1 and will be segregate them depending on their nature This means all of the direction observations all the Distance and all the Leveling observations with their corresponding values will be grouped together This way of presenting the observations will allow the user to unmark the visual he does not want to use in the computation depending on its performance in later calculations For example the user will be able to use the distance observation form a point but not the angular observations of the same point Besides the program also offers a checkbox called Check not selected observations afterwards which allows the user to check the error that the not selected observations would have had It is quite useful to mark this box because as you will see later the program has a reliability test that will detect and cancel erroneous observations It is always interesting to know which would be the errors of those observations after using adjusted coordinates The list with the errors will be shown in the output file after the reliability test TorLal2 1 aig Observacion Clase Once the corresponding observations have been selected one can push the button to access Step 5 Weights and residuals of the horizontal observations or back to Step 3 Network and output lists setup by pressing on the button TopCal 21 user s
32. is the first step to compute intersections The data required are as follows i Point files The projects point files to be used in the intersections should be selected i Observation files The project s observation files containing the observations used in the computation should be selected i ASCII Output file The name of the ASCII output file should be written with the result of the computation After the computation this file can be viewed with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox on the bottom named Show after computation lf we do not want to create this file we will have to deactivate the checkbox on the left of its name The file will be created in the project directory After these data have been introduced the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 2 Point Selection Ah intersecciones directas Ficheros de puntos TorLal2 Introducir ficheros de datos de entrada Fic Nombre Vertices pts Sist Ref UTM 30 Proyecci n Elipsoide UTM Internacional Ficheros de visuales Fic Nombre 1 Visuales obs Instrumento Wild T 2 Prec Ang Prec Dist 1 cc Fichero de resultados 5 4 2 Intersecciones directas html Step 2 Point Selection Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo This is the second step in the computation of intersections A screen is shown displaying the points with coordinates stored in the point files selected in Step 1 as
33. manual Tools 149 5 13 5 Step 5 Weights and residuals of the horizontal observations In this following step of the adjustment the program will analyze first the a priori horizontal observations that will enter in the computation showing a list with the following data al Station i Target point al Angle the units of this field vary depending on the class of observation centesimal grads for angles and meters for distances al A priori error This error is the random error the visual has and it depends on the distance of the observation the instrument used and the stationing and signaling conditions The units also vary depending of the class of observation centesimal seconds for angles and meters for distances al Weighted residual This value has no dimension and is the result of dividing the non weighted residual by the a priori error of the observation i Not weighted residual This value is the difference between the observed value actual observation and the calculated value result of using the approximate coordinates of the points If this value is large this can be due to an erroneous observation or because the approximate coordinates are not sufficiently accurate The same as before the units vary depending on the class of observation we are dealing with centesimal seconds for angles and meters for distances Toal l fd i Class type The class of the horizontal observations can be either Dir
34. moved away 4 El Centre With this option the image is centred on a point 4 Zoom W With this option the view is adjusted to a desired window which has been selected with the left mouse button 1 Move W With this option the view can be moved in real time by pressing the left button without releasing and displacing the mouse l Erase It is of use to erase drawing elements tonal2 1 0 Application menus 4 1 Menu File This menu contains the following commands l 7 New It is of use to create an existing document a project or a point observation or sketch file l gt Open It opens an existing point or observation file adding itto the folder Other files l mi Save lt saves the current document If it was not previously saved the program would open the Windows explorer for a name and a destination folder This option would only be active if the document had been modified i Save as lt saves the current document with a different name and destination folder The program will open the Windows explorer for a name and a destination folder l A Close It closes the current document This option will only be available if there is a current active element of the folder Other files l er Open project lt opens an existing TopCal project s manual Application menus TogCal21 lr Save project lt saves the current project If the project was not previously saved the program would o
35. number A list is given with the different computed points i Resections A list is shown with the fixed points used in the resections with the coordinates obtained Average coordinates Coordinates resulting from averaging the different solutions to all possible direct intersections at the point 98 Topcal 21 User s manual Tools TorLal21 aig This is just an informative step lt is not necessary to select anything so you may go ahead with Step 5 Generated Residuals by pressing the button Next or we may turn back to Step 3 Observation Selection by pressing the button if any change is necessary 5 5 5 Step 5 Generated Residuals This is the fifth step in the computation of 3 point resections te Intersecciones inversas Residuos generados Punto calculado Numi Num2 Res Tip Lectura Res SinP N mero 14 v 1 258 165 8209 2 954 1 258 205 0019 2 982 1 174 115 8515 1 783 Precisiones obtenidas 1 360 340 9995 2 037 0 560 50 5738 0 278 Desv T pica 0 354 0 400 83 9097 0 930 0 400 55 2740 0 924 x 0 008 Y 0 006 Coordenadas finales x 435061 430 Y 4464701 067 lt lt Anterior A screen is shown displaying the observations used for the least square computation The fields offered are as follows i Point number A list is given with the different computed points TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 99 i Observations A list is shown with the different and obse
36. on to Step 4 Computed Results or the button can be pressed to turn back to Step 2 Point Selection Fic Estaci n Visado Distancia TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 87 5 4 4 Step 4 Computed Results This is the fourth step in the computation of intersections Intersecciones directas Resultados calculados Punto calculado Coordenadas promedio N mero 10005 X 413908 995 Y 4497886 545 Numi x T Error 10003 413909 019 4497886 542 0 007 10003 413908 788 4497886 887 0 106 10008 413908 986 4497886 525 0 007 lt lt Anterior A screen is shown displaying the computed points through intersections These are the fields offered i Point number A list is given with the different computed points ail Intersections A list is shown with the fixed points used in the direct intersections with the coordinates obtained i Average coordinates Coordinates resulting from averaging the different solutions of all possible intersections at the point 88 Topcal 21 User s manual Tools Toral21 aig This is just an informative step lt is not necessary to select anything so you can carry on to Step 5 Generated Residuals setup by pressing the button Next or turn back to Step 3 Observation Selection by pressing the button Back if any change wants to be made 5 4 5 Step 5 Generated Residuals This is the fifth step in the computation of intersections WY Intersecciones inver
37. point number Target point number Horizontal angle Vertical angle Distance TogCal21 fig Multiple observations may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired observations with the left mouse button If an already selected observation is pressed it will be cancelled Observations ordered in ranges may also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit observations defining the range Also the buttons or may want to be used to select or not to select all observations WY Intersecciones inversas Selecci n de visuales Fic Estaci n Visado Distancia 13 14 z 1626 486 13 17 A 1393 924 14 13 0 000 14 15 A 0 000 14 17 0 000 15 14 A 1786 600 15 17 F 0 000 After the desired observations have been selected the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 4 Computed Results or we may turn back to Step 2 Point Selection by pressing the button Backl TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 97 alg Torlal2 5 5 4 Step 4 Computed Results This is the fourth step in the computation of 3 point resections IY Intersecciones inversas Punto calculado N mero 14 Resultados calculados Coordenadas promedio xX 435061 431 Y 4464701 072 Num2 15 x Y Error 435061 431 4464701 072 0 027 lt lt Anterior A screen is shown displaying the computed points The fields offered are as follows i Point
38. que aporta el punto Planimetria Altimetria Tipo de transformaci n Helmert 3D centroide Calcular factor de escala lt lt Anterior After having selected the desired points the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Residuals or button Backl to turn back to Step 1 Reference system files selection 5 11 3 Step 3 Residuals This is the third step in the computation of transformation A screen is shown with the residual of the transformed common points The list shown contains the following fields i Point number i Residual of the coordinates 129 21 User s manual Tools 00 Torlal2 Depending on the type of transformation chosen in Step 2 on this list only the planimetric coordinates and its residuals will show up or the triad of coordinates and its respective residuals If any point had too large a residual depending on the characteristics and goal of the transformation it would be adequate if possible to reject it for the computation therefore it would be necessary to go back to the previous step to cancel it E Transformaci n Puntos transformados y residuos N mero 58234 58425 60534 60726 63053 63145 63251 x 4865144 960 4867733 791 4877815 294 4878191 845 4890822 981 4890349 598 4897310 428 318907 052 262353 884 317613 122 264518 122 314231 120 288154 346 255468 730 Z 4099445 4100584 4084488
39. standardized residual If this value exceeds a certain range which is 3 29 there is 99 9 chance that that observation is erroneous The elimination of erroneous observations has to be done one by One starting with the one that has the worst standardized residual since each observation can affect the ones of its surroundings This process has to be done manually by going back to Step 4 and unmarking the worst observation with the button This button will automatically detect and remove the worst of the list so it does not affect the computation The results of the statistical test will be presented in a list with the following fields i Station Target point Standard deviation of the observation with the same units as the observations i Standard deviation of the residual with the same units as the observations al Not weighted residual calculated with the new calculated coordinates and whose units are the same as the observations al Standardized residual dimensionless value that should be less than 3 29 If it is more the symbol will appear on the right side In the event the goodness of fit couldn t be checked the symbol will appear wl Class The class in this case will always be the Height difference By clicking on the heading of the list it is possible to rearrange the columns from ascending to descending values The number of used visuals is also shown as well as the number o
40. the points If this difference is large this can be due to an erroneous observation or because the approximate coordinates are not sufficiently accurate The units for this case are also meters i Class type The class of vertical observations is always height differences 8 Compensaci n de redes por m nimos cuadrados Lectura 0 112 0 003 1 457 9 106 0 131 8 981 4 278 0 010 0 274 3 751 1 979 0 279 1 157 1 183 2 165 3 768 2 329 0 375 1 757 4 891 2 402 1 159 Error a priori 0 0054 0 0049 0 0052 0 0094 0 0054 0 0148 0 0034 0 0049 0 0054 0 0057 0 0035 0 0054 0 0057 0 0055 0 0051 0 0057 0 0057 0 0108 0 0022 0 0049 0 0022 0 0057 Res pond 1 7891 1 4036 2 1451 0 5806 1 6437 0 5699 0 5815 1 2101 0 4835 11 1763 9 4768 0 3298 0 0296 0 7493 1 7159 8 1816 8 9895 4 6639 20 4764 8 3122 3 5071 0 3370 Res sin p 0 0097 0 0069 0 0111 0 0055 0 0089 0 0084 0 0020 0 0060 0 0026 0 0632 0 0334 0 0018 0 0002 0 0041 0 0087 0 0463 0 0514 0 0503 0 0448 0 0408 0 0077 0 0019 Clase Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel lt lt Anterior By clicking on the heading of the list it is possible to rearrange the columns from ascending
41. the button gt gt A point can only be added if observations exist between it and the previous one if it is not the first point This list gets updated depending on the current station of the traverse so that only the Target points will be shown from that station On this list the following fields are displayed File index lt indicates the index of the point file where the point is stored If this field is equal to 0 it means that the point does not currently have any coordinates therefore it is not stored in any file but there exist observations from the previous station to this point Point number Coordinates ENH al List of points making up the traverse This list is located on the right upper part It shows the points making up the traverse They are arranged along the transit of the traverse A point of the traverse may be deleted by pressing the button lt lt If a point is deleted in the middle of the traverse all other points starting from it will be deleted On this list the following fields are displayed Toal l 0 File index Index of the point file the point belongs to Point number ai List of direct observations foresight This list is located on the left lower part It shows the available observations from the last station of the traverse to the point selected on the list of available points In the event there were several observations we can choose the one we want to use in the computat
42. to descending values 160 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 This is an informative window the user is not expected to do anything but decide to either go to the next step which is Step 9 Displacements and vertical accuracy or go back to the previous step By clicking on the button the user can go back to the previous step which depends on the type of adjustment that is being performed If the user is doing a horizontal adjustment the previous step is Step 7 Results of the horizontal Baarda test al If no horizontal adjustment has been selected the previous step would be Step 4 Selection of observations 5 13 10 Step 9 Displacements and vertical accuracy In this step the program will perform an adjustment of a vertical network and will present as a result the displacements that the coordinates of the non fixed points have suffered The values of the displacements are directly related with the goodness of fit of the approximate coordinates However the value of these approximate coordinates will not affect the achieved accuracy As mentioned at the beginning in case of a vertical adjustment it is not necessary to have calculated approximate coordinates The results will be shown in a list where each line corresponds to a non fixed point and whose data will be i Number of point H Displacement This is the displacement for the approximate Height coordinate after the comp
43. where the surveyed points are stored For more information read 2 3 O B Observation file This file contains the field observations For more information read topic 2 4 J TopCal 21 User s manual File Structure oO Toal l 0 yi Sketch file This file contains the geographic entities generated when joining point previously saved in the point file For more information read topic 2 5 i Filename The filename needs to be entered for saving i Job name If creation of a new project is selected an description text could be given It is optional i Add to Project lf the user creates a point file an observation file or a field shot file sketch file He will also have the option to add that file to any open project at that moment These projects are shown in the list below If the user does not want to add the file to any project the file will be created in the section Other files i Folder The folder in which the file is going to be created need to be indicated here If you want to make a new project a new folder will be created from this location This location can be changed the user can select another by clicking on the button 2 2 Project file This file defines the relations among the different files that compose the job or project The user should create a project for each job where the different files and computations will be saved These projects may have several point files obs
44. 0 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 x 1000 000 2000 000 3000 000 4000 000 5000 000 6000 000 7000 000 8000 000 9000 000 y 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 Z 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 1000 000 Nombre After having selected the desired points the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Observation Selection or the button Backl to turn back to Step 1 Enter Input Data Files 5 9 3 This is the third step in radial survey computation Step 3 Observation Selection A screen is shown with the observations stored in the observation files selected in Step 1 whose stations are the ones selected in Step 2 In this step we should select the points we want to compute and the observations we want to do it with The list shown contains the following fields File index lt observation is stored TopCal 21 User s manual Tools indicates the observation file where the 115 010 TopCal21 Station point number Target point number Horizontal angle Vertical angle L L L L L Distance Multiple observations may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired observations with the left mouse button If an already selected observation is pressed it will be cancelled Observations ordered in ranges can also be selected by pressing the key
45. 0002 10003 10003 10003 10003 10005 10005 10005 10005 10006 10006 10006 10006 1NNNA Vertical 100 0618 100 1125 99 2611 98 2132 100 1637 97 7859 100 1286 100 0379 98 8424 99 1088 100 2412 99 7500 99 7293 99 3060 101 3843 100 8885 100 1334 101 8555 QR 776A Distancia 180 062 164 222 171 888 313 188 180 062 113 516 164 222 181 048 188 559 117 702 181 049 190 928 182 428 168 648 188 572 190 670 359 464 73 006 163 663 Desnivel 0 112 0 003 1 457 9 106 0 131 4 278 0 010 0 274 3 751 1 979 0 279 1 157 1 183 2 165 3 768 2 329 0 375 1 757 4 291 Residuo 0 013 0 031 0 001 0 017 0 031 0 014 0 018 0 015 0 017 0 029 0 020 0 011 0 014 0 007 0 000 0 012 0 016 0 002 Inst 1 585 1 585 1 610 1 610 1 630 1 630 1 620 1 680 1 620 1 630 1 705 1 705 1 705 1 625 1 630 1 630 1 670 1 670 i n N17 1463n Y ES mM EA Inc gnitas Visuales Desviaci n t pica 0 017 m Depending on the residuals obtained in the different observations on the system s variance a posteriori and on the users precision demands it may become necessary to go back to the previous step in order to cancel any observation with too large a residual This is just an informative step It is not necessary to select anything Therefore you may carry on to Step 5 Output Data Setup by pressing the button Next or you may turn back to Step 3 Observation
46. 1 101 110 117 132 169 198 affine 195 Affine 2 dimensions 128 Affine 2 dimensions centroid 128 Alternate traverses 53 Altimetric closure 109 Altimetry 6 8 43 72 229 Altimetry computation 53 Angle 151 248 250 Angle A 70 Angle B 70 Angle C 70 Angular closure 108 Angular units 31 34 Arc 1 173 Arc 2 173 Area computations 56 Arrange Data 8 51 240 Arrange Icons 51 ASCII output file 70 201 ASCII Output file73 83 93 113 120 126 135 143 190 loading of the last 103 Automatic project 231 010 Average coordinates 88 98 Azimuth 109 180 182 186 187 Azimuth of the major semiaxis 157 Big Icons 5 1 By data stored in a file 196 By transformation parameters 195 Calculator 40 52 Centre 45 178 181 216 Centre and one point of the circle 177 180 Centre and Point 178 181 Centre and radius 177 180 Centre and Radius 178 181 Check not selected observations afterwards 149 Checkbox Fixed 74 84 94 Chord 1 173 Chord 2 173 Circle 6 44 177 179 Class 152 160 163 167 Close 47 Close Project 48 Closed 106 Closed loop 106 Closure 6 41 67 Closure of triangles 52 Code 29 33 237 239 240 Code name 237 Codes 45 COGO 6 42 52 112 Collimation error 221 Colour 238 Comp3D 43 Compact File 50 TopCal21 Compensate 108 109 Compensation levelling network least Squares 57 Computation of arcs 56 Computation of distances 56 Compute accidental errors 57 Compute average Facel Face2 5 7 Compute averag
47. 144 00 Point number18 29 63 74 85 88 89 95 98 99 104 105 114 121 123 128 129 136 137 144 156 174 179 181 182 183 186 197 202 203 208 215 Point Number 18 174 Pointer 45 Polar to rectangular 55 Preferences8 30 31 33 35 50 143 234 236 239 Preferences of sketch 50 Print 40 48 Print preview 48 Print setup 49 Profiles 57 Project file 5 22 26 28 Project Properties 8 51 243 Projection 6 175 252 Province 210 Radius 174 178 181 189 190 Reading 162 Reading sketches files 59 Recent files 49 Recent projects 49 Rectang 44 Rectangle 59 Rectangular to polar 55 Redo 40 49 Reduced distance 109 Reference system30 125 126 129 200 Reference Systems 8 50 251 252 Reflector 32 Reflector height 78 109 ag Refresh 44 51 Refresh View 58 RefSist 40 Renumber observations 8 50 253 Renumber points 8 50 252 Resections 6 92 98 Residual 78 Residual of the coordinates 129 Results87 90 92 97 100 179 181 Retrieve 40 Retrieve record 19 Retrieve Register 50 rotation angles 131 195 Save40 47 174 179 181 183 186 Save All 48 Save as 47 Save project 48 Save Project 39 scale factor131 145 148 160 161 195 Select All 49 Selection of additional options 245 Selection of the data and unknowns 188 Selection of the desired toolbars 244 Selection of the toolbar information 245 Separators when reading codes 37 Sheet 45 210 Show after computation70
48. 188 Vertical 32 Vertical angle68 76 78 86 96 105 109 116 138 223 Vertical angle in face 1 220 Vertical angle in face 2 220 Viewer programs 232 Weight 78 237 Weighted residual 151 162 Zone 210 Zoom 45 Zoom Centred 58 Zoom In 58 Zoom Out 58 Zoom W 45 ZoomE 44 ZOOMXY 44 Toal l fd I I Online Help For any consultation or question not solved by this manual please get in touch with the Digi21 net development team through e mail or telephone Manuel Quir s Donate mquiros digi21 net 34 610 23 00 49 Jos Juan Arranz Justel jjarranz digi21 net 34 678 45 00 40 Jos Angel Martinez joseangel digi21 net 34 630 01 17 72 Topcal 21 User s manual Online Help 259
49. 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 10012 Once the output data has been set up the process can be completed by clicking on the button The user can also go back to Step 11 Output data setup in case he wants to change the settings TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 169 Tocal2 1 fd Computations 6 1 Arc defined by three points This tool is of use to compute the arc defined by three points stored in the point file In order to call up this tool it is necessary to have a current active point file The fields shown in this dialog box are as follows xi Point list Point list of the current file i Point 1 The first point of the arc should be selected from the list i Point 2 The second point of the arc should be selected from the list i Point 3 The third point of the arc should be selected from the list i Solution The two possible solutions are displayed Arc 1 Arc in meters of the first solution Arc 2 Arc in meters of the second solution Chord 1 Chord in meters of the first solution Chord 2 Chord in meters of the second solution E centre E coordinate of the arc centre fig TorLal2 i N centre N coordinate of the arc centre Radius Arc radius Point number Number of the new point C lculo de un arco definido por tres puntos x Y Z Nombre DON Ue QUA 433267 633 434582 782 435647 077 437605 413 434067 622 436750 951 432642 571 434939 561
50. 3 4467888 146 687 737 434582 782 4467918 282 684 137 435647 077 4467658 385 667 331 437605 413 4468258 818 623 577 434067 622 4466753 923 681 409 436750 951 4467029 864 624 494 432642 571 4466161 607 694 947 ADANIN Cet AACEVE FID ent DAA oyo aun Datos de la recta Punto 1 7 Punto 2 Datos del c rculo Definici n 3 puntos Punto 3 Centro 433823 364 4465383 897 Punto 4 8 Radio 1413 897 Punto 5 14 Resultados O Soluci n 1 432642 571 4466161 607 0 000 O Soluci n 2 435077 366 4466037 030 0 000 N mero de punto TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 177 This tool is of use to compute the intersection between a straight line and a circle The straight line may be defined by two points or by a point and an azimuth The circle may be defined by any of the following possibilities Three points Three points on the circumference of the circle L Two points Diameter of a circle defined by two points L Centre and radius L Centre and one point of the circle Circle with Centre on one point and another point on its circumference Depending on whether one type of point definition or another is selected fields corresponding to those definitions will be activated or deactivated The fields displayed are as follows Point list Point list of the current file i Data of the straight line Depending on the selected option it may show Point 1 Point Point 1
51. 34 Fichero TopCal de resultados Altimetria pts Y Incluir en el proyecto actual TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Z 875 273 875 302 875 561 876 729 876 730 877 931 877 719 878 679 880 216 880 101 877 309 879 665 883 977 Desor 273 2538 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 163 4972 0 0000 330 2361 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 Al a adir puntos nuevos No modificar puntos existentes Modificar puntos existentes 81 5 4 Intersections This tool is of use to give coordinates to points through intersections In order to be able to give coordinates to a point at least two observations are needed from known coordinated points It is also necessary that in those points be possible to compute the orientation with observations to other points of known coordinates As first computation point the tool will choose the one having most observations to other points of known coordinates It will then successively give coordinates to all new points The tool is constructed in six steps leading the user in the computation Step 1 Enter Input Data Files Step 2 Point Selection Step 3 Observation Selection Step 4 Computed Results L L L L Step 5 Generated Residuals Step 6 Output Data Setup The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier Toal l 0 5 4 1 Step 1 Enter Input Data Files This
52. 37 667 331 4468258 818 623 577 4466753 923 4467029 864 4466161 607 4466251 773 4465599 250 4465852 137 4464514 167 4464827 556 44643273 5A0 681 409 624 494 694 947 691 841 673 795 664 465 708 644 688 661 702 934 PERRERA 235 6754 Distancia 109 235 xX 437547 353 Y 4468166 291 N mero de punto Salvar This tool is of use to compute the coordinates of a point from the azimuth and the distance measured from another point of known coordinates The dialog box displays the following fields i PointjError Marcador no definido list Point list of current file A point should be selected wherefrom the coordinates of the new point will be computed 182 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations TorLal2 Azimuth In grads Distance In meters i EN coordinates of the computed point 00 PointjError Marcador no definido number After having computed the point the point file can be saved with the point number indicated in the field PointjError Marcador no definido number by pressing the button Savel 6 9 Rectangular to Polar Coordinates C lculo de rectangulares a polares N mero 58234 58325 58425 60534 60634 60726 63053 63145 63251 X 436292 069 461991 626 492876 680 438246 420 465576 130 491263 242 442303 500 468307 983 501296 260 Y 4455665 445 4456529 105 4456776 890 4436127 240 4435761 125 4440214 622
53. 4 4464827 556 688 661 433479 372 4464373 56N 702 934 y gt Le Soy UN an WO CO U 11 f _ S J A x Y zZ M xima 438691 011 4468258 818 694 947 M nima 431865 417 4464827 556 623 577 Incremento 6825 594 3431 262 71 370 This tool is of use to compute the maximal and minimal coordinates of a given set of points The fields shown are as follows i PointjError Marcador no definido list Point list of current file Maximal ENH Maximal coordinates of the selected points i Minimal ENH Minimal coordinates of the selected points l ENH increments Differences between maxima and minima of the selected points Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 181 ag TorLal2 Points ordered in ranges may be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or may also be used to select or cancel all points 6 8 E C lculo de polares a rectangulares Polar to Rectangular Coordinates x 433267 633 434582 782 435647 077 U N He La CEEE 434067 622 436750 951 432642 571 434939 561 437128 376 438691 011 430788 455 431865 417 433479 372 on oul Y 4467888 146 4467918 282 4467658 385 Z Noml 687 737 684 1
54. 437178 376 4467888 146 4467918 282 4467658 385 4468258 818 4466753 923 4467029 864 4466161 607 4466251 773 4465599250 687 737 684 137 667 331 623 577 681 409 624 494 694 947 691 841 A73 795 Puntos del arco Punto1 6 w Punto2 8 v Punto 3 Soluci n Arco 1 2145 290 Cuerda 1 1971 436 Arco 2 1632 987 Cuerda 2 1555 499 X centro 436301 508 Y centro 4465578 668 Numero de punto 22 Radio 1519 201 After having computed the arc its centre can be saved in the point file with the point number indicated in the field Point Number by pressing the button Savel 172 Topcal 21 User s manual Computations Toal 1 0 6 2 Distance Computation in UTM Projection C lculo de distancias Datos del punto 1 Coordenada X 433267 633 Coordenada Y 4467888 146 Datos del punto 2 Coordenada X 434582 782 Coordenada Y 4467918 282 Distancia calculada 1315 948 This tool is of use to compute the distance defined by two points in UTM projection A dialog box shows up to be filled in with the UTM coordinates in meters of both points The program simultaneously shows the result also in meters ny N UJ TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 6 3 Computation of Geographic Distances O C lculo de distancias Datos del punto 1 Longitud Latitud Datos del punto 2 Longitud Latitud Distancia calculada 11228 781
55. 54 134 Geometric distance 109 H Accuracy 165 H Displacement 165 Hansen 6 43 53 101 Height 162 165 167 234 Helmert 2 dimensions 127 Helmert 2 dimensions centroid 128 Helmert 3 dimensions 128 Helmert 3 dimensions centroid 128 Help 6 9 40 60 263 Help Topics 60 Horizontal 32 Horizontal angle61 64 67 76 86 96 105 109 116 138 223 Horizontal angle in face 1 219 Horizontal angle in face 2 219 Import 48 Include horizontal error ellipsoids 170 Include in the sketch 170 Include observations 170 Include vertical accuracies 170 Index error 221 Info 45 Insert 7 8 40 Insert File 48 Instrum 40 Instrument 33 Instrument height 78 109 Instrument name 250 ag Instruments 34 Intersec 42 Intersection of line and circle 55 Intersection of lines 55 Intersection or circles 56 Intersection point 182 Intersections 6 53 82 88 Invert selection 50 Job name 27 244 Join line 59 Key code 232 Latitude 203 Least Squares 6 54 140 Length of the traverse 107 Levelling 7 97225 Line 6 44 59 179 181 Line style 237 Lineal units 31 Linear anamorphosis 203 Linear Units 34 Link Point Files 50 List of available points 104 List of axes 109 List of computed errors with the corrected observations 223 List of direct observations foresight 105 List of existing reference systems 252 List of instruments 248 List of points making up the surface 189 List of points making up the traverse 104 TorLal2
56. 579 270 4588 305 1823 305 1833 305 1835 378 2582 378 2586 Desorienta 303 8129 303 8125 303 8116 303 8131 303 8121 303 8119 303 8132 303 8128 Dif Media 0 0005 0 0001 0 0008 0 0007 pk pudo pu pul pd pr pd pul ps 303 8124 0 0007 0 0013 303 8119 Desorientaci n actual Desorientaci n promedio Desviaci n standard Error accidental Multiple observations may be selected using the key CTRL and pressing the left mouse button on the desired observations If an already selected observation is pressed it will be cancelled Observations ordered by ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit observations defining the range Also the buttons or may be used to select or cancel all observations Depending on the selected observations the mean orientation will be simultaneously computed and it will be shown in the field Mean Orientation Select or cancel observations in order to obtain the optimal mean orientation TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 65 After the output data have been set up the process can be finished by pressing the button Computel Alternatively by pressing the button Back we go back to Step 2 Station Selection Estaci n A O L Visado LH T 1008 117 2224 100 8170 EEE 1008 248 9410 100 7165 66 Topcal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 5 2 Closure of Triangles This too
57. 681 561 453802 136 453795 657 453773 565 453774 939 453762 278 453736 056 453764 524 453725 671 4473428 415 4473417 331 4473465 961 4473146 052 4473128 954 4473132 207 4473150 896 4473330 261 4473326 241 4473105 421 4473121 436 631 766 632 399 628 700 644 786 645 701 646 458 645 951 640 817 641 672 650 230 649 946 The list displayed contains the following fields al File Index lt indicates the index of the point file where the point is stored If this field is equal to O it means that the point does not currently have any coordinates consequently it is not stored in any file but observations from or to known coordinated points exist Point number ENH coordinates Topcal 21 User s manual Tools 63 i Name After having selected the station pressing the button will lead to Step 3 Observations Selection Pressing the button will lead to Step 1 Enter Input Data Files 5 1 3 Step 3 Observations Selection This is the third and last step in the orientation A screen is shown displaying the observations stored in the observation files selected in Step The list displayed contains the following fields wi File index lt indicates the observation file index where the observation is stored Station point number Target point number Horizontal angle L L L L Orientation a PG gt Past Selecci n de visuales Fic Estacion Visado 12 LH 270 4576 270 4
58. 7 413808 550 413908 973 413640 987 413744 034 414072 310 413623 086 413989 814 414139 928 413834 766 413492 676 413619 198 4498098 287 4498255 449 4498037 040 4497886 540 4497950 842 4497790 544 4497967 618 4497717 626 4497738 616 4497841 719 4497648 264 4498093 494 4498206 731 875 256 875 376 875 261 875 534 879 010 876 690 876 718 877 891 877 701 884 362 878 645 880 173 880 070 273 2557 352 0108 229 3182 199 1691 241 1343 380 6375 115 4960 163 4953 350 1774 83 2393 330 2351 4 6154 144 3977 Fichero TopCal de resultados MMCC pts Incluir en el proyecto actual Al a adir puntos nuevos 166 Calcular lt lt Anterior In this example the calculated coordinates will be saved in a file called MMCC pts and will be included in the current project TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 Once the output data has been setup the user can press the button to access Step 12 Sketch setup or go back to the previous step This step back depends on the type of adjustment that has been selected wl If the user is doing a vertical adjustment the previous step is Step 10 Results of the vertical Baarda test al If no horizontal adjustment has been selected the previous step would be Step 7 Results of the horizontal Baarda test 5 13 13 Step 12 Sketch setup This last step of the network adjustment is dedicated to the creation of a sketch with
59. 70837 017 638 674 Incremento 481 500 518 384 35 809 Unidades Lineales metros Angulares Centesimal Sistema de referencia Nombre UTM30 GPS Proyecci n UTM Elispoide WGS 84 Aceptar This dialog box displays the current point file properties such as Filename NumberjError Marcador no definido of pointj Error Marcador no definido s it contains TopCal 21 User s manual Viewing Options 237 wi Maxima and minima of the coordinates If any parameter is changed and it wants to be saved the button should be pressed To exit the dialog box press the button Exitl 8 8 Observation File Properties Propiedades de archivo de visuales Informacion basica Nombre lecturas obs Numero de visuales Numero de estaciones Numero de punto visados Unidades Lineales metros Angulares Centesimal wi Caracteristicas de la observaci n Error de se al 5 Error de estaci n 10 Instrumenta utilizado eI Leica TC 1000 e Electr nico Con distanci metro This dialog box displays the current observation file properties such as Filename i NumberjError Marcador no definido of observations it contains y N UJ CO TopCal 21 User s manual Viewing Options Toal 1 0 f NumberjError Marcador no definido of stationed points Maxima and minima of the coordinates NumberjError Marcador no definido of TargetjEr
60. 99134 308 4728049 225 1601 635 717702 502 4736766 653 2018 728 654575 420 4712469 343 967 203 689121 366 4719710 990 1298 331 717421 465 4716997 583 1632 149 Sistema de referencia del archivo actual Nombre sistema de refencia UTM 30 GPS Tipo de proyecci n UTM Elipsoide WGS 84 Coordenadas del punto nuevo Convergencia 2 715469 Longitud Ev 119 00 z x Latitud n w 42 34 he Altitud 1235 489 Z Anamorfosis 1 000932 N mero 829046 518 4722177 254 1235 489 8 Salvar The program displays a dialog box where we have to indicate the geographic latitude and longitude of the point as well as the ellipsoid used in the UTM projection to transform the point 202 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations The ellipsoid may be chosen from the ones predefined by the program or the user may define it by means of flattening or the major semiaxis It is also necessary to indicate the UTM Zone to which the point belongs As the geographic coordinates are introduced the program automatically computes the UTM coordinates the linear anamorphosis and the meridian convergence allowing storing of the new coordinates in the point file 6 17 Transformation of coordinates from Struve ellipsoid to Hayford 6 18 Transformation of coordinates between different reference systems 6 19 Transformation of coordinates using NTV2 grid 6 20 Transformation of units 6 21 Transformation of heights using grid
61. 9996 z 130 45 0 0034 1 After having introduced these data the button may be introduced to carry on to Step 2 Point Selection 6 14 2 Step 2 Point Selection This is the second step in the computation of transformation A screen is shown displaying the points with coordinates stored in the current file The points to be transformed should be selected The list shown contains the following fields 193 Q TogCal21 i Point number i Coordinates ENH i Name Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges may be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or may also be used to select or cancel all points 194 Topcal 21 User s manual Computations Toal l 0 After having selected the desired points the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Output Data Setup or button Back to turn back to Step 1 Choose Transformation Parameters 6 14 3 Step 3 Output Data Setup This is the third and last step in the computation of transformation Aside from a list with the coordinates of the transformed points the following fields are shown i TopCal output file The name of the TopCal file where the points are stored should be selected One of the existing fi
62. Error Marcador no definido Selection This is the first step to generate control point sketches A screen is shown displaying the points with coordinates stored in the current file The points from which sketches are to be generated should be selected Toral2 Nombre The list shown contains the following fields i PointjError Marcador no definido number i Coordinates ENH i Name Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges may be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or may also be used to select or cancel all points 212 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations Toal l fd After having introduced these data the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 2 EnterjError Marcador no definido Station information 6 23 2 Step 2 EnteriError Marcador no definido station information This is the second step to generate data information of control points The program displays a list with the points selected in the previous step where the additional data must be introduced if this was not done on another occasion to fill in the vertex file Likewise the files containing the photograph and the sketch of the point must be chosen Among these fields
63. Fie d 5 78 7 55 1 31 Direcci n 10006 10003 0 00 0 01 0 0003 0 02 Distancia 10006 10007 5 99 6 84 7 00 1 02 Direcci n 10006 10007 0 00 0 01 0 0091 0 80 Distancia 10006 10013 4 69 3 63 Teta 2 13 Direcci n 10006 10013 0 00 0 01 0 0024 0 21 Distancia 10006 10018 13 32 17 03 4 62 0 27 Direcci n 10006 10018 0 00 0 01 0 0050 0 45 Distancia 10006 10020 7 94 6 58 31 36 4 77 Direcci n 10006 10020 0 00 0 01 0 0092 0 83 Distancia 10006 10021 13 24 16 96 32 57 1 92 Direcci n 10006 10021 0 01 0 01 0 0093 0 84 Distancia 10007 10005 7 58 5 00 9 70 1 94 Direcci n 10007 10005 0 00 0 01 0 0056 0 49 Distancia 10007 10006 7 79 4 70 12 75 2 72 Direccion 10007 10006 0 00 0 01 0 0023 0 17 Distancia 10007 10015 8 17 5 84 3 70 0 63 Direcci n 10007 10013 0 00 0 01 0 0074 0 54 Distancia Anno nnne o 30 A on 2 nme n 74 m Visuales 156 Factor de escala 20 663 9 752 ppm Inc gnitas 66 Desv t pica a posteriori 0 574 In the example when looking at the reached a posteriori standard deviation one can see that the achieved accuracy is quite high However one can also see that there are observations with error direction from 10006 to 10020 which means the computation can be refined even further The scale factor transmitted by the base and the distances measured with EDM is 20 ppm which is a small number for this network This last step was only informative the user is not expected to do anything but decide to either go t
64. L L L L L LL Step 3 Network and output lists setup Step 4 Selection of observations Step 5 Weights and residuals of the horizontal observations Step 5 1 Selection of fixed directions Step 6 Displacements and horizontal accuracy Step 7 Results of the horizontal Baarda test Step 8 Weights and residuals of the vertical observations Step 9 Displacements and vertical accuracy Step 10 Results of the vertical Baarda test Step 11 Output data setup Step 12 Sketch setup The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier 5 13 1 Step 1 Entering of input files This is the first step for the least square computation The required data is the following l Point files The user will select the point files of the project that he wants to use for this computation The computation can only progress if all the selected point files belong to the same reference system Observation files The user has to select the observation files of the project he wants to use in the computation i ASCII Output file The name for the output file is specified here This file can be in HTML format or ASCII format In the event the extension of the file is HTM or HTML the format will be HTML if not the format will be ASCII This file can be viewed with the application specified in the Preferences dialog box in the Edit menu explained in the topic 8 1 if
65. ONS sisicsce R aa 55 Menu Drawing a n nesnnnnnnnnnesnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn mnene 58 TopCal 21 User s manual Contents 5 aQ TorLal2 oT Menelao 60 Y TOUS cda 5 1 OTA A NOMS cae ge ct cee esos id iso i disnea loose cds 61 5 2 Closure Of TriangleS oocccooncccconncooonoconnnnonononoonononanononnnnonaneos 67 5 3 Altimetry Computation occoocccocccconcccnncconccnoncconconanconnnonannonanes 72 5 4 Ntro sirios 82 5 5 3 point ResectiONS ooccocccccconconnoncconoonconcnonoonnnnrnanconcnncnnnnanenas 92 5 6 Hansen s problemi inici ii 101 5 7 2 point resection occoocconccccconconcncnccnnoncnnnnononncnncnancnnenncnnninnnon 102 5 8 NANI OTS CS soe cteetaccenctencatncuescanecuencatteseeasetacesackucaicseaeseneseceecees 102 5 9 COGO Radial Survey ccccsecesseeceseecseeceseesaeeeeaeesaeeeeaeees 112 A esse E E S 119 SIl Transforma sissen 125 5 12 Generate observations ccccccescceeeseeeeeneeeeeeeeeseeeseeseeeseases 134 5 13 Compensation by Least Squares coocccocncconccconcconnonanconononano 140 6 Computo ini 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 6 11 Arc defined by three points cccoocccccncocoocncccnnnconnnnnonnnconanons 171 Distance Computation in UTM Projection occoccconconco 173 Computation of Geographic Distances cccooccconcccnnnconnnnnnnss 174 Circle Intersection onocccconcncccononcnnnnnnnnnonancnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnaness 175
66. Observation File PropertieS occccoocccconcoccncconcononcnannonanonnnnos 238 8 9 Project Properties occoccoccoccccccconcnaconcnaronconcnncnncnacannancnnonenano 239 8 10 View toolbarFS occccocccnccoccnnnconcnnononcnnononancnnonancnnonancnnonanannnas 240 SIE MWMewtields snm 241 Y Other COMMONS viceisssssissccsnssnssasecciccessscnscacscscscseessesneacesscasiussdeusensssneds 243 9 1 S rveying IMStrumMents sscicidadianscnacisiiolbciiociaiia incida 243 9 2 Referente Systems nata cis 247 9 3 JOINING ODServatiONS occoocccconncccncconnonancconnonanccnnnnnannonanenanenns 248 9 4 Renumber pOiNtS occoocccccccconnccnnnonnnononconononancononconnnonanconnnonons 248 9 5 Renumber observations cccceesceecseseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenseeees 249 TorLal2 aig RI E EEA N EAO AE EE AER 11 Online Help sicsiesssssssccssdessecssescievevecsinscusessssssdessesssesstossesnssoesssessessssecdes TopCal 21 User s manual Contents Toal l 0 Introduction 1 1 What is TopCal 21 TopCal is a program designed to make computations and to solve topographic and geodetic problems Its easy to handle tools allow solving all kinds of difficulties when working in topography TopCal 21 works with Windows 32 bit operative systems Since it works with projects its jobs will be organized with folders and it is capable of managing more than one point file and one observation file at the same time It also has a new data viewing screen or user
67. Of StatiONS ooccccccncccncnccnanonos Generate Data Information of Control Points Compute Systematic ErTOFS ocooccocccnocccnnonconconconenccaneanennonnos Computation of average of observations cccocccccncnccnanonos Computation Of random errors cconccconnccnnncnnnnonnnonancnnnnnnanes A sieianounseuauesaemnenges asses cieines Compensation of levelling network using least SQUATO E E E EEEE EEE E E eee eee e nn E E ETT INSErESYMDOl scsi a eas A Oe E E E E otc E tao E E A Fit view On DOI sasesana aaa a a Insert parall bossen io LET L EE E E T ag TorLal21 eg Insert rectangles cia 224 7 8 Insert Circle oosina a 225 7 9 Point information oooccncccnnnccnnccnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnonnnannnncnnnnnnnnnonnnas 225 7 10 Planimetry accuracy information oocccoocnccconncononoconnnnonanoss 225 7 11 Altimetry accuracy information cccoocccoconcccnnnrononocoanonenanons 225 0 Viewing OPHONS isosiinsnd iii rr 227 8 1 Preferences PP A 227 8 2 Sketch Preferences ooccccccococonccoconnnnccnnnnnnoncnonannnncnonanannnnnnnnos 230 8 3 Drawing Preferences ccccoocccoocnccoonononononononnnnanononnnncnanenenanens 232 8 4 Sketching Preto rences vconsaceosencivaccssdevecianctenecsscacnecsectenncatcent 235 8 5 Symbol library oocccccccoccncoocncccncconnocanocnnncnonnonanonanonnnnnnnnnos 236 8 6 Am nae Dare 236 8 7 Point File Properties occccocccconccocncconcononoconccnanconnnonanconnnenono 237 8 8
68. Punto 3 V rtices existentes Tipo L nea Arco Arco Arco Cambiar tipo 4 Puntos The program displays the points making up the entity its length and if the entity is a closed one the area TopCal 21 User s manual Drawing 223 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 9 7 6 lafi InsertiError Marcador no definido symbol InsertiError Marcador no definido sheet Fit view on point InsertiError Marcador no definido parallel InsertiError Marcador no definido square InsertiError Marcador no definido rectangle Toal l 0 7 8 InsertiError Marcador no definido circle 7 9 PointiError Marcador no definido information 7 10 Planimetry accuracy information 7 11 Altimetry accuracy information Tocal2 1 0 Viewing Options 8 1 Preferences Through this dialog box the basic options of data viewing points and observations can be set up Likewise the default directory where the generated projects are going to be stored can be set up as well as other interesting options as described below i Default data directory This directory indicates where the folders containing the created projects are going to be generated A tree with the available units will be displayed by using the right button A new directory may then be selected If the directory is keyed in and it does not exist the application will generate it anew i General options Automatic loading of the last p
69. SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit observations defining the range The buttons All or can also be used to select or cancel all observations Fic Estaci n Visado Distancia 116 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools TorLal21 aig After the desired observations have been selected the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 4 Output Data Setup or the button Backl to turn back to Step 2 Point Selection 5 9 4 Step 4 Output Data Setup This is the fourth and last step in radial survey computation The following fields are shown i TopCal output file The name of the TopCal file where the points will be stored can be selected One of the existing files may be chosen or a new file generated If we wish to generate a new file we may or may not want to add it to the current project Adding new points If the point file is not new we may or may not want to modify the points with the same number lying in the chosen output file Toral2 Contigurar salida de datos Numero 10001 10002 10003 10004 10005 10006 10007 10008 10009 10010 10101 1n1n Fichero TopCal de resultados Xx 10038 154 9962 919 9973 460 9919 697 9940 400 9957 803 9998 581 10057 316 10064 739 10074 645 10038 309 1nn51 NNA Y 954 612 987 921 1013 235 1024 725 1060 970 1063 616 1051 747 1034 192 1012 783 982 778 954 494 a39 ans Radiacion pts v Incluir en el proyecto a
70. Step 6 Output Data Setup This is the sixth and last step in the computation of intersections A screen is shown displaying the computed final coordinates as well as the way they should be saved The following fields appear al Final coordinates A list with the computed new points their coordinates and orientation is shown i TopCal output file The name of the TopCal file where the points will be stored can be selected One of the existing points can be chosen or a new file generated In the latter case it may or may not be added to the current project file Toal l fg i Adding new points If the point file is not new the points with the same number lying in the chosen output file may or may not be modified After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 5 Generated Residuals by pressing the button Back 2k Intersecciones directas Configurar salida de datos Numero x Y Desor Nombre 10005 413908 986 4497886 537 199 1715 10007 413744 038 4497790 539 380 6380 Fichero TopCal de resultados Al a adir puntos nuevos Directa s pts so Incluir en el proyecto actual lt lt Anterior Calcular 91 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 5 5 3 point Resections This tool is of use to give coordinates to points by means of 3 point resections In order to be able to give coordinates to a point at l
71. Straight Line Circle Intersection ccooccoocncconnoccncconncnannononos 177 Straight Line IntersectiON ooccccccccocncconcoonncconcononocanocannonanos 179 Maxima and MiniMa ccoooncnccnnconcnnnnonennnnononnnnononnnnononnnnanenanens 181 Polar to Rectangular COOrdiNateS concconccoccconcconicanicaninncnas 182 Rectangular to Polar CoOrdiNateS concccccconcconiconccanccaninnnnns 183 Triangle SO VINQ ccccccccocncconcoocnoconocnonconnnonanconnnononccnnnnnanennns 184 Surface COMPUTATION cooccccnnccconcncononccnanonononcconnoronanonnanononons 186 Toal l 0 6 12 6 13 6 14 6 15 6 16 6 17 6 18 6 19 6 20 6 21 6 22 6 23 6 24 6 25 6 26 6 27 6 28 7 Drawing Tle Tila 7 3 7 4 Tod 7 6 Longitudinal Profile occcoocccconnccoonnccoonoconnnnonanononnnnonanoos Cross SECON S renos aid Coordinate Transformation ccccccccsscecsseeecsseeesseeeeeseesens Transformation of Geographic Coordinates ssassn Manual Transformation of Geographic OU Sa secs nas cere ene ae Transformation of coordinates from Struve CIMOSOIG to HAY 1 ONG sia Transformation of coordinates between different reference SYSTOINS coocccoocccononncconncnnarononnnnonanonnnnnnonanononnnnenanos Transformation of coordinates using NTV2 grid Transformation Of UNITS cooccccocccccncnccnoncccnnncnnanononnnnnonnononons Transformation of heights using grid ccccoocccconcnccanononos Generate Data Information
72. Toolbars lt shows a dialog box allowing selection of the toolbars and knowledge of their appearance Status Bar lt is of use to activate or deactivate the status bar on the bottom of the application s window where the program s messages to the user are viewed A l 2 Arrange Data It shows a dialog box that allows putting in order the current file in any of its fields i Refresh lt refreshes the current view presenting the data again i Small Icons lt shows the folder s elements with small icons Big Icons lt shows the folder s elements with big icons i Arrange Icons lt allows arranging the current folder s elements by name type size or date Furthermore it may arrange them automatically l En Project Properties lt shows a dialog box with the properties of the present project mal Object Properties lt shows a dialog box with the properties of the current element point observation or sketch file J amp calculator lt shows the system s calculator to perform easy computation operations 4 4 Menu Tools This menu contains the following commands hy Orientations lt is of use to compute the orientation of a point on the basis of observations of other known coordinated points This option will only be available if there is a current active project l a Closure of triangles lt is of use to compute the closures of triangles formed by a set of observations tak
73. Topographic calculations Toal x O Copyright 1998 2010 Digi21 net A User s manual Manual for version 2 36 07 This manual was printed on April 27 2010 Toal l fg Content I CE GI sirosis aa tI 1 1 LZ LS 1 4 What iS TopCal 21 ccccccccsseeceeeeeeeeceeeeeseeceneeeaeeeageesaeeeeaess 11 System requirements inicia iio 13 o cetcteo tens taet Socndee cece nwet Suerawe tes taeetSacnousteesbaoeueeavore tees 14 User Ntra CO ee ee ee ee eae 17 E File SOUTO iia Zale Dodo 2 3 2 4 2 5 Create a New File ococoonoccnincccccnononcnnononccnonanennnnanonnnnancnnonancnns 25 Project A e 28 POUT TS soso E 29 Observation file cccconnnniccccconnnncccnnnnnnncnnnnnnnnnnononnnnnnnnnanons 32 RETA TIO perosareneero ote iosdroia tocino sol ciao 36 D TODOS ada Y 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 eJ Toolbar MainTool ccooonccccnnccnconnncnccnnncnnonancnconnncononanrnronannanonnns 39 Toolbar TOD C Al TOG snesena 4 TODIDAr COOKCINATCS usual ated 42 Toolbar DrawinQ cocccconccccnccnnnononconnnonanccnnnconnnonanconnnenannonanennns 44 Toolbar Palette ococoononicinncnncnoncnnononcnnononcnnononannononnnnonnnnanenanas 45 2 Application MENUS civic iii 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 Men e Eaa 47 Men Edil assasuneo o ounce ue vecteesesccusoverestseamtecavaceesesn 49 PIO AP E 5 1 Menu TOOIS dncccocnccccnnnconcnnnnononnnnnnonnnnononnnrnnonnanononnanonenanenennnanos 52 Menu Computati
74. Translation H Translation 3D The list shown contains the following fields l al l Point number Coordinates in system 1 Coordinates in system 2 Depending on the type of transformation chosen E and N coordinates will be shown 2 dimensions or E N and H 3 dimensions in both systems Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or None can also be used to select or cancel all points TorLal2 2 Transformaci n Puntos comunes a ambos sistemas Numero 58325 58425 60634 60726 63053 63145 63251 xi 4865144 584 4366124 438 4867734 158 4877815 551 4879719 755 4878191 841 4890823 115 4890349 338 4897310 312 Yi 318907 217 293212 459 262353 801 317613 183 290334 018 264518 285 314231 031 288154 274 255468 585 4100266 4100584 4084488 4084408 4087810 4069347 4071921 4065839 X2 4865247 254 4866199 591 4867835 037 4877917 610 4879820 792 4878293 169 4890925 280 4890451 407 4897411 652 318802 293106 262249 317508 1 290229 1 264413 314125 288049 255363 3 TopCal Ecuaciones
75. ation or adjustment the user will have two options i There are two fixed points or more establishing what is called base of the network In this case it is possible to determine the scale factor in order to look for possible errors in the transmission of the scale factor to the network To this end two ways of conveying scale should been taken being the possibilities More than two fixed points Two fixed points and distance measurements wl That only one point is fixed which means that it is a free network In this case it is essential to have measured distances in order to set the scale of the network and also to set the direction azimuth that will be set as fixed This option is specified to the program further along in Step 5 TorLal2 1 aig Fijo Fic N mero y E Punto fijo en planimetr a E Punto fijo en altimetria Todos z Archivos de selecci n de puntos a Configuracion de la red asc Buscar In this example the point 10006 and 10012 have been selected as fixed for the horizontal computations and the point 10012 will also be fixed for the vertical computations The rest of the points have been selected for their coordinate adjustment The selection has been done manually since no Point selection file is being used Once the desired points have been selected one can press the button to access Step 3 Network and output lists setup or press the button to go back to Step 1
76. ations used in the computation should be selected ASCII Output file The name of the ASCII output file with the results of the computation should be written This file can be seen after the computation with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox on the bottom named Show after computation lf you do not wish to create this file the checkbox appearing on the left side of the name should be deactivated The file will be created in the project directory Ficheros de puntos Fic Nombre Sist Ref Proyecci n Elipsoide 1 Vertices pts UTM 30 UTM Internacional Ficheros de visuales Fic Nombre Instrumento Prec Ang Prec Dist 1 Visuales obs Wild T 2 1 cc Fichero ASCII de resultados poligonal html _ Aparato autorientable Visualizar despu s del c lculo Las desorientaciones en los extremos deben estar previamente calculadas After having introduced these data we may go ahead to Step 2 Point Selection by pressing the button INextl Topcal 21 User s manual Tools 103 5 8 2 Step 2 Point Selection This is the second step in the computation of traverses Four lists are shown on screen al List of available points This list is located on the left upper part It shows all available points in the files selected in Step 1 On this list the points that are going to make up the traverse should be selected To add a point to the traverse double click on the desired point or select it and press
77. be Step 6 Displacements and horizontal accuracy TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 151 The user can also go back to Step 4 Selection of observations by clicking on the button 5 13 6 Step 5 1 Selection of fixed directions If the network the user is adjusting is free or in the event the user has specified a fixed direction the next step is to select the direction or directions that will be fixed in the adjustment This is done because in a free network you can t deduct the orientation of the network unless you determine a direction and its azimuth That direction should have the minimum random error the minimum direction error and be easily and unmistakably identified Then the dialog box will have the following appearance rae Compensaci n de redes por m nimos cuadrados Selecci n de direcciones fijas Atenci n El sistema solamente se puede calcular como una red libre Para ello es necesario que se hayan realizado medidas de distancia entre algunos puntos para que determinen la escala de la red y que se fije una direcci n que permanecer fija durante el c lculo Por favor seleccione de la siguiente lista la direcci n que se considerar como fija Fic Estaci n Visado LH Distancia 1 10010 1 10011 1 10011 10011 10012 10027 10005 10012 10013 10001 112 8674 17 9824 111 5084 316 2326 334 9116 167 513 168 563 182 112 179 453 E m lt lt lt i
78. be finished by pressing the button Computel Alternatively by pressing the button Back we turn back to Step 2 Repeated Non Reciprocal Observations Topcal 21 User s manual Tools 71 5 3 Altimetry Computation This tool is of use to give the height to a series of points when we know the coordinates of at least one of them starting from multiple observations between the different points making up a network with or without a known height The tool is constructed in five steps leading the user in the computation al Step 1 Enter Input Data Files Step 2 Point Selection Step 3 Observation Selection Step 4 Results and Generated Residuals L L L L Step 5 Output Data Setup The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier 5 3 1 Step 1 Enter Input Data Files This is the first step to compute an altimetry compensation of a set of points The required data are as follows i Point files The projects point files to be used in the compensation should be selected i Observation files The projects observation files containing the observations used in the computation should be selected TorLal2 00 i ASCII Output file The name of the ASCII output file should be written with the results of the computation After the computation this file can be viewed with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox on the b
79. button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or Nonej can also be used to select or cancel all points N mero 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 10001 10002 Pipo pudo poo pudo po pudo pd pa pa pa ps ps Xx 424811 291 424818 239 424823 340 424812 603 424815 540 424811 453 424730 718 424777 244 424637 633 424793 598 Y 4495279 046 4495280 386 4495285 333 4495272 959 4495286 544 4495288 157 Zz 934 268 934 255 933 700 933 658 934 343 933 901 917 804 922 836 925 789 919 008 929 176 Dist Max 300 000 300 000 300 000 300 000 300 000 300 000 1000 000 1000 000 300 000 300 000 300 000 Distancia m xima de replanteo TorLal2 A field called Stakeout maximal distance also shows up which is useful to change the distance for each station independently If we want to change this distance for several points it is possible to select the ones we want and to write down the new distance which will be updated for all of them After having selected the desired points the button Next may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Target point Selection or button Back to turn back to Step 1 Enter Input Data Files 122 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l
80. cated 138 Topcal 21 User s manual Tools TorLal2 iQ i TopCal output file The name of the TopCal file where the observations will be stored may be selected One of the existing files may be chosen or a new file generated If we wish to generate a new file we may or may not add it to the current project i Adding new observations f the observation file is not new we may or may not modify the observations with the same Stations and same Target point lying in the chosen output file El Generar libreta de campo o Configurar salida de datos Estaci n Visado 10001 10001 10001 10001 10001 10001 10001 10001 10001 10001 10001 10001 LH 237 5751 236 1190 240 1094 236 4055 240 6467 238 1466 242 5459 241 5901 244 2825 242 3326 247 8349 244 5249 LV 95 6830 95 5585 95 8579 95 6190 96 0450 95 8529 96 0466 95 7047 95 7698 95 5757 95 8215 95 7035 Distancia 168 680 169 289 163 747 166 071 159 381 162 696 159 261 169 108 164 309 173 410 163 449 Fichero TopCal de resultados Visuales obs Incluir en el proyecto actual lt lt Anterior Calcular Al a adir visuales nuevas O bl After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 3 Target point Selection by pressing the button Back Topcal 21 User s manual Tools 139 5 13 Compensation by Least Squa
81. ctual lt lt Anterior zZ 1003 591 1002 463 998 986 997 636 993 817 992 840 994 355 993 290 995 257 997 656 1002 849 1007 759 No modificar Calcular Nombre A Al a adir puntos nuevos puntos existemes Modificar puntos existentes After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 3 Observation Selection by pressing the button Back 118 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 5 10 Stakeout This tool is of use to obtain angular and distance observations in order to put back or place non existent points on the ground This is called stakeout The tool is constructed in three steps leading the user in the computation al Step 1 Enter Input Data Files al Step 2 Station Point Selection i Step 3 Target point Selection The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier 5 10 1 Step 1 Enter Input Data Files This is the first step to compute the stakeout data The data required are as follows Point files The projects point files to be used in the computation of the stakeout data should be selected al Stakeout maximal distance A stakeout maximal distance should be established in general terms This distance may be changed afterwards for each particular station Beyond that distance the stakeout data from a
82. ctura de archivos u es TopCal 21 Crear un fichero nuevo Q p 5 Ficheros de puntos E Ficheros de visuales TopCal 21 es una herramienta para resolver c lculos y problemas topogr ficos y geod sicos Sus E Fichero de croquis herramientas de f cil manejo permiten resolver todo tipo de dificultades a la hora de trabajar en Topograf a A Fichero de proyecto amp y Barras de herramientas TopCal 21 funciona bajo sistemas operativos Windows de 32 bits Funciona con proyectos de tal manera E Barra de herramientas M4 que podr tener organizados sus trabajos con subdirectorios y podr manejar m s de un archive de puntos Barra de herramientas Td y de observaciones a la vez Posee adem s una pantalla de visualizaci n de datos o interfaz de usuano a Barra de herramientas C4 modo de hoja de c lculo Adem s todas sus herramientas se presentan con cuadros de di logos guiados 5 Barra de herramientas Di que ayudar n al usuario al c lculo la Barra de herramientas Pe 5 Ey Men s de la aplicaci n El programa dispone de un gran n mero de formatos de archivos de estaciones topogr ficas y archivos E Men Archivo gr ficos para su importaci n o exportaci n E A nod Los ficheros de salida con los resultados y c lculos pueden tener formato ASCII delimitado por blancos E Men Herramientas DXF ASCII y BIN de DIG o HTML E Men C lculos 6 Men Dibujo E Men Ayuda Y Herramientas O TopCal 21 dispone de
83. current file al List of points making up the surface In order to add points 186 to this list double click over the point on the list on the left side with the left mouse button or press the button gt gt If you wish to enter a curved stretch going from one point to another as you add the first point you will have to enter the value of the curve radius in the field Radius If you wish to delete any point from this list you will have to double click with the left mouse button or press the button lt lt TopCal 21 Us er s manual Computations elite 010 ASCII Output file This is an ASCII file with the result of the computation and a list of the points making up the surface If you wish to generate it you should activate the checkbox on the left of the filename If you wish to view it after the computation you should activate the checkbox below the filename i Plot name Plot name with which the surface will appear in the output file i Radius Radius in meters of the stretch to be introduced After having finished with the definition the button should be pressed to view the data or the button Exit to exit the dialog box ag 6 12 Longitudinal Profile Generaci n de perfiles longitudinales N mero x 433267 633 434582 782 435647 077 437605 413 434067 622 Y 4467888 146 4467918 282 4467658 385 4468258 818 4466753 923 Z 687 737 684 137 667 331 623 577 681 409
84. d In this way it will be possible to establish a relation between points by means of lines so as to represent linear entities or to represent symbols by means of singular points These files are only generated within projects and they depend on the point files they represent so that if these change the drawing will also change l 2 Project file These files contain an account of the previous files regarding a same kind of job Each project file creates a folder where the files will be stored A project should be created for each job The main TopCal 21 tools can be used while keeping the project active computing traverses intersections etc You will be able to have as many point files observation or sketch files for each project as you may wish As many opened projects as wanted may be handled by TopCal 21 Point or observation files not to be found in any particular project may also be opened They will be shown in a folder named Other files The TopCal 21 tools may be used in accordance with the type of selected file or project So those tools requiring point or observation files for computations will need an active project Other tools only require a point or observation file and no active project All TopCal 21 tools or utilities are to be found throughout the different menus i e wl Menu File Contains all the commands that manage files or print For more information read topic 4 1 i Menu Edit This menu con
85. de punto x Y Z Desorientaci n Nombre del punto C digo Datos mostrados de las visuales Estaci n visado Horizontal Vertical Distancia Mira Instrumento C digo To accept the fields you have worked out and to exit you have to press the button OK If you wish to exit without saving the changes you have to press the button Exit TopCal 21 User s manual Viewing Options 229 8 2 Sketch Preferences Through this dialog box it is possible to set up the basic options of viewing a point cloud in a sketch The data that can be presented for each point are as follows al Point The point is a punctual geographic entity located in the ENH coordinates holding the point in the file Number The point number is the figure identifying it Its size in meters and the text displacement in relation to the point may be indicated wl Height lt may be displayed as a text close to the point Indication may be made of its size in meters and the number of decimals wanted The text displacement in relation to the point may also be indicated in meters i Name The point name is the text to be stored in the field of the same name in the point file It is possible to determine its size in meters and the text displacement in relation to the point If the point has a name showing up it is possible to activate the option do not view point number so as not to fill up the drawing with texts A drawing code may be chosen from t
86. displays several toolbars on the upper and lower part of the window These toolbars can be moved or closed but will certainly help the user with the main commands of the program The spreadsheet that shows the contents of the files will allow the user to enter data manually in a fast and effective way It also allows the user to select which data to show of each file and its arrangement To enter data the user only has to select the record to modify and write the value 17 21 User s manual Introduction If one wants to modify an existing field one needs to press Enter first to start editing If the user needs to enter a value with decimals the character that separates the decimals will be the point The units with which the user has to enter the data are shown in the file definition these can be meters or feet for lineal units and degrees grads or pseudo decimal degrees for the angle units If the user wants to change the units of the current file he she needs to go to the file properties For more information on this topic please read any of the following help topics depending on the file type 8 7 for point files and 8 8 for observation files By default the point files are arranged increasing the Point number and the observation files by the Station number and Target number If the user wants to arrange the file by any other field value he just needs to click on the heading of that field by doing so file w
87. e i Polar to rectangular lt computes the coordinates of a point from the ones of another point an azimuth and a distance This option will only be available if there is a current active point file i Intersection of lines lt computes the coordinates of a point intersection of two straight lines These straight lines may be defined by two points or a point and an azimuth This option will only be available if there is a current active point file i Intersection of line and circle lt computes the coordinates of the intersections generated between a straight line and a circle The straight line may be defined by two points or by a point and an azimuth The circle may be defined by three points two points the centre and the radius or the centre and a point on the circumference of the circle This option will only be available if there is a current active point file al Intersection or circles lt computes the coordinates of the intersections generated between two circles These may be defined by three points two points the centre and the radius or the centre and a point on the circumference of the circle This option will only be available if there is a current active point file i Computation of arcs lt computes an arc defined by three points It allows storage of its centre coordinates This option will only be available if there is a current active point file i Computation of distances lt computes the d
88. e of series 57 Computed systematic errors 222 Coordinates ENH104 114 121 123 136 137 197 202 208 215 Coordinates in system 1 128 Coordinates in system 2 128 Coordinates Transformation 54 Copy 49 Cut 49 Data of circle 1 178 Data of circle 2 178 Data of straight line 1 182 Data of the circle 180 Data of the straight line 180 Data of the straight line 2 182 Default data directory 231 Definition 178 180 Delete 40 248 252 Delete entities 59 Delete File 48 Delete record 18 Description 216 Displacement for E 156 Displacement for N 156 Display erased registers 231 TorLal2 1 Distance6 32 68 76 78 86 96 105 116 149 152 160 175 186 187 Distance measurement features 250 Drawing Code List 50 236 Duplicated observations 232 E centre 173 EDM instrument features 249 Element information 59 Elevation difference 78 109 Ellipsoid 200 252 EN coordinates 186 ENH coordinates29 63 140 182 234 ENH Coordinates 74 85 95 ENH increments 184 Enter 18 Erase 46 Erase Register 50 Exit49 190 233 235 239 240 242 243 244 Export 48 File index64 74 76 85 86 95 96 104 105 114 115 121 123 136 137 144 File Index 63 Filename 27 241 242 Files system 1 126 Files system 2 126 Final coordinates80 90 100 110 169 Fit window 58 Fixed checkbox 144 Fixed point in altimetry 144 00 Fixed point in planimetry 144 Folder 27 244 Generate data information 57 Generate observations 6
89. east three observations to points of known coordinates are needed The tool will choose as the first computation point the one having more observations to known coordinated points It will then give coordinates to every new point in succession The tool is constructed in six steps leading the user in the computation al Step 1 Enter Input Data Files al Step 2 Point Selection L Step 3 Observation Selection L Step 4 Computed Results L Step 5 Generated Residuals al Step 6 Output Data Setup The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier Toal l fd 5 5 1 Step 1 Enter Input Data Files This is the first step to compute 3 point resections The required data are as follows Point files The projects point files to be used in the intersections should be selected at least one of them so as to be able to go on with the computation i Observation files The projects observation files containing the observations used in the computation should be selected at least one of them so as to be able to go on with the computation 1 ASCII Output file The ASCII output file name should be written with the results of the computation This file can be seen after the computation with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox on the bottom named Show after computation lf you do not wish to create this file the checkbox on
90. ection or Distance Lectura Error a priori Res pond Res sin p Clase 94 3342 16 60 2 1650 35 94 Direcci n 180 059 0 0213 0 1250 0 0027 Distancia 2 4021 17 92 2 8321 50 76 Direcci n 164 217 0 0212 0 2140 0 0045 Distancia 281 7831 17 25 4 5920 79 22 Direcci n 171 848 0 0343 1 0253 0 0351 Distancia 287 9516 11 18 0 6695 Direcci n 313 146 0 0214 2 3863 Distancia 215 5798 16 60 0 8507 X Direcci n 180 062 0 0213 0 0155 k Distancia 211 5264 8 97 2 2724 i Direcci n 492 584 0 0217 2 3383 Distancia 350 9770 24 85 0 2522 Direcci n 113 516 0 0212 0 5617 k Distancia 246 3405 17 92 1 4661 Direcci n 164 221 0 0212 0 0257 5 Distancia 333 2217 16 53 6 9427 Direcci n 181 006 0 0213 1 9630 Distancia 40 4339 16 00 0 5841 Direcci n 188 543 0 0213 1 0285 Distancia 47 9439 24 03 5 4793 Direcci n 117 703 0 0212 0 1736 e Distancia lt lt Anterior By clicking on the heading of the list it is possible to rearrange the columns from ascending to descending values This step is only informative and the user does not have to select any parameters which means he can click on the button to access the next step This next step will depend on the type of network that is being processed i Inthe event it is a free network or the user has defined a fixed direction the next step will be Step 5 1 Selection of fixed directions al In the event it is a common network the next step would
91. en between points This option will only be available if there is a current active observation file However point files are not needed COGO It is of use to compute the coordinates of a station and the respective angle and distance observations This option will only be available if there is a current active project Toal l 0 l A Traverses It is of use to compute the coordinates of new points starting from the chain of observations taken between these points and at least one with known coordinates This option will only be available if there is a current active project i Alternate traverses l a Intersections It is of use to compute the coordinates of new points from angle observations taken at least from two points with known coordinates This option will only be available if there is a current active project l nl 3 point resections lt is of use to compute the coordinates of new points from observations of angles carried out to at least three points with known coordinates This option will only be available if there is a current active project l w 2 point resections l T Hansen s problem l 2 Altimetry computation lt is of use to compute the height of a set of points from observations carried out in an altimetric network starting from at least a point with a known height This option will only be available if there is a current active project J F Stakeout It is of use to
92. er Error Marcador no definido Transformation Settings Step 2 Point Error Marcador no definido Selection Step 3 Transformed Coordinates 6 15 1 Step 1 EnteriError Marcador no definido Transformation Settings This is the first step to compute the transformation of geographic coordinates in which the ellipsoid used in the cartographic projection of the coordinates is indicated The data required are as follows i Reference system defined by Ellipsoid lt may be chosen from the list of predefined ellipsoids or the user may define it by means of flattening or the major semiaxis UTM Zone i ASCII output file The name of the ASCII output file should be written with the results of the computation A4 Transformaci n de coordenadas geogr ficas Introducir tipo de transformaci n Tipo de transformaci n Transformar geogr ficas Generar geogr ficas Sistema de referencia del archivo actual Nombre sistema de refencia UTM 30 GPS Tipo de proyecci n UTM Elipsoide WGS 84 Fichero con coordenadas geogr ficas Geograficas asc Buscar Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo After having introduced these data the button may be pressed to go on to Step 2 Point Error Marcador no definido Selection 6 15 2 Step 2 PointiError Marcador no definido Selection This is the second step to compute the transformation of geographic coordinates A screen is shown displaying the p
93. ervation files or sketch files Generate a file for each computation by doing this the later processes will be easier and the job will be better organized For example i Traverse pts File with the stations of the traverse i Adjustment pts File with the coordinates adjusted by least Squares of the polygonal i COGO pts File with the coordinates of the points radiated from the stations of the polygonal wi Observations obs Visuals taken from the transverse When creating a new project file another folder is also created with the name of the file in a way that when creating new files points observations sketches and are added to the project they are created in this folder The same happens with the output files The project files of TopCal 21 have the extension PRT by default Toal l fd 2 3 Point file As indicated by its name this type of file keeps topographically taken points Points whose coordinates are referred to the coordinate system defined in the file creation These points are defined by i Point number lt must be numerical and should unequivocally identify each individual point In other words it is the field that identifies a point The program does not allow the existence of two points with the same number If you give the point the number cero the program will regard it as deleted and won t use it in the computations i ENH coordinates They are coordinates either entered man
94. esnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel Desnivel m i M Visuales Inc gnitas 78 22 Desv t pica a posteriori In the example you will see that the a posteriori standard deviation is indicating a lower vertical accuracy However you can also see that there are still erroneous observations from 10003 to 10018 which means that the computation can still be refined further This is an informative window the user is not expected to do any action but to decide to either go to the next step which is Step 11 Output data setup or go back to Step 9 Displacements and vertical accuracy TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 165 ag 5 13 12 Step 11 Output data setup TorCal2 In this step the program presents a window with the final coordinates and the way to save these coordinates The following fields will be shown i Final coordinates A list with the new calculated points their coordinates and their disorientation i TopCal output file with the same units as the observations i Adding new points with the same units as the observations 2E Compensaci n de redes por m nimos cuadrados Configurar salida de datos N mero x Y Z Desor Nombre 10001 10002 10003 10005 10006 10007 10008 10010 10011 10012 10013 10016 10017 413960 849 413873 12
95. etch files or field shot files can contain the drawing of the point files the user wants Geographic entities can be registered by joining the previously saved points It is also possible to automatically generate field shots from the registered codes in the field observations The coordinates of the points saved in the point files are directly used by the program to draw registered entities in such a way that if any coordinates are edited by the corresponding editor the drawing file are going to be updated in real time For this it is necessary to define the correspondence between the sketch file and the point files This relation is defined with the following dialog box AL Relacionar ficheros de puntos Ficheros de puntos no enlazados Ficheros de puntos enlazados pp wgs84 pts todos pts puntos wgs84 utm pts pp ed50 pts puntos ed50 utm pts puntos ed50 utm ntv2 pts todos ed50 pts todos transformados pts Separadores al leer c digos Coma Tabulador Punto y coma Espacio Otro In this dialog box you will find the following parameters TorLal2 1 010 i Point files that are not linked This is the list holding all the point files of the current project and that are not yet linked to the sketch field shot file The user can link as many point files as he wishes to the sketch file i Point files linked to the sketch file these are the point files of the current project that are linked to the sketch file
96. f unknown parameters that the program has solved At last the program also shows the a posteriori standard deviation of the system which value is dimensionless and its interpretation is as follows wl If it is less than 1 this means that the achieved accuracy is greater than the one expected for the used instruments al If it is approximately 1 this means the achieved accuracy is as expected ail If itis greater than 1 this means the achieved accuracy is less than the one expected for the used instruments Torlal2 2 Compensaci n de redes por m nimos cuadrados 10001 10001 10001 10001 10002 10002 10002 10003 10003 10003 10003 10005 10005 10005 10005 10006 10006 10006 nnne Vis 10002 10003 10008 10012 10001 10012 10019 10001 10005 10006 10018 10003 10007 10008 10011 10003 10007 10013 Innis Desv Tip 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 00 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 01 aan Desv Tip Res sin 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 02 0 01 0 03 0 00 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 02 ann 0 0074 0 0072 0 0054 0 0011 0 0111 0 0058 0 0011 0 0057 0 0012 0 0011 0 0179 0 0054 0 0016 0 0013 0 0014 0 0180 0 0077 0 0097 nanan Res tipi 0 92 0 95 0 73 0 07 1 37 0 22 0 23 0 75 0 14 0 11 3 31 0 63 0 18 0 15 0 18 1 84 0 83 0 51 E Moe ws Clase Desnivel Desnivel D
97. fd 5 10 3 Step 3 Target point Selection This is the third and last step in the computation of the stakeout data A screen is shown giving the points with coordinates stored in the point files selected in Step 1 that have not been selected as station points in Step 2 Now the Target points should be selected for which the stakeout data will be computed from the station points selected in the previous step The list shown contains the following fields wl File index lt indicates the index of the file point where the point is stored Point number i Coordinates ENH Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or Nonej can also be used to select or cancel all points fopCal21 After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 2 Station Point Selection by pressing the button Back 124 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l fd 5 11 Transformation This tool is of use to transform the coordinates of points stored in a file belonging to a coordinate system into another coordinate system Starting from the coordinates of points that are com
98. generate a file with the observations of angle and distance that must be taken to locate new points on the ground in order to stake out This option will only be available if there is a current active project l E Generate observations lt is of use to generate an observation file from the known coordinates of a set of points This option will only be available if there is a current active project i Observations sketches har al CC Least Squares It is of use to adjust by the mathematical method of least squares a network made up of a set of points between which angular and or distance and or altimetric observations have been performed This option will only be available if there is a current active project In order to do it is necessary to have previously computed estimated coordinates of the non fixed points making up the network T Coordinates Transformation It is of use to transform the coordinates of a point file into a system or to transform a certain system into another set of points in another file starting from the knowledge of common points between both systems This option will only be available if there is a current active project Toal l fd 4 5 Menu Computations This menu contains the following commands i Rectangular to polar lt computes the azimuth and the distance from the coordinates of two points This option will only be available if there is a current active point fil
99. he list for all the displayed elements If the chosen code is not on the list access can be gained to the drawing code manager in order to add a new one or to modify one already there When indicating the text displacement in relation to the point it has to be taken into account that the coordinates of the texts have their left lower corner as their reference TorLal21 fig E Preferencias de croquis Opciones por defecto para la visualizaci n de la nube de puntos Y Mostrar punto C digo CRUZ S mbolo de punto v mn Mostrar n mero C digo PUNTOS N mero de punto Y Altura de texto Posici n respecto al punto dX 0 25 dY 0 25 m C digo COTAS Texto de cota de punto Mi Altura de texto Decimales Posici n respecto al punto os 3 ax D 1 Y Mostrar nombre C digo TEXTOS Textos gen ricos w Altura de texto Posici n respecto al punto 1 dX sinn av 0 5 m No poner n mero de punto a aquellos que tengan nombre To accept the fields you have worked out and to exit you have to press the button OK If you wish to exit without saving the changes you have to press the button Exit TopCal 21 User s manual Viewing Options 231 8 3 Drawing Preferences 8 3 1 Drawing Code List In this dialog box the codes appear that the program will use to paint entities on screen If any of the codes in the documents was not on this list the colour of the en
100. he point is fixed in planimetry the letter P will show in case it is fixed in altimetry it will be the letter A In order to assign these characteristics to the point select the point or points and activate or deactivate the checkbox below the list Fixed point in planimetry or Fixed point in altimetry i File index Indicates the point file index where the point is Saved i Point number i Point coordinates i Point name Several points can be selected by using the CTRL key and the left mouse button If you select an already selected point this one will lose its selection One can also select ranges of points with the CAPS key and the left mouse button by selecting the first and the last point of the group The user can also utilize the All or buttons located bellow the list It is also possible to load the network information from an ASCII file by activating the checkbox located on the left of the file name and by pressing the button to access Windows Explorer If it is the first time the network is setup one can select the points manually and create a setup file that can be used for later occasions by pressing Create The program will show the Windows Explorer to save the file although the default location should be the current project directory In order to perform a vertical compensation or adjustment it only requires one single fixed point although more are also accepted To do the horizontal compens
101. i n Zona Provincia Madrid H M N 582 Huso 30 Fotograf a Se al V rtice geod sico Croquis lt lt Anterior TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 207 After having filled in all the point information the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Enter Error Marcador no definido Output Files or button Back to turn back to Step 1 Point Error Marcador no definido Selection TogCal21 fig 6 22 3 Step 3 EnteriError Marcador no definido Output Files This is the third and last step to generate data information of Stations The following fields are shown i Output file A name should be indicated for the HTML output file otherwise it should be located through the Windows explorer that shows up as the button Search is pressed i Template file The name of the HTML template used to generate sketches should be indicated This template may have been created by the user unless the default one offered by the program wanted to be used Generar rese as de v rtices Introducir ficheros de salida Fichero de salida VERTICES HTML Fichero con la plantilla 7 Archivos MSI TopCal21 Resena de vertice html lt lt Anterior E Calcular i TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 209 010 TogCal21 After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 2 Enter Error Marcador no defin
102. i Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Angle A formed by the observations 1 2 and 1 3 Angle B formed by the observations 2 1 and 2 3 Angle C formed by the observations 3 1 and 3 2 Sum of the three angles L L L L L L L Error as a difference of the sum less 200 The program shows the number of triangles it has been able to close and the probable closures as a mean of all of them The results can be saved in an ASCII Output file that needs to have the output file name After the computation this file can be viewed with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox on the bottom named Show after computation f we do not want to create this file we will have to deactivate the checkbox on the left of its name The file will be created in the project directory TorLal2 Suma 199 9996 200 0031 200 0021 200 0018 199 9978 200 0034 200 0050 200 0015 200 0085 200 0068 Error 0 0004 0 0031 0 0021 0 0018 0 0022 0 0034 0 0050 0 0015 0 0085 0 0068 A 59 2859 124 6054 84 0679 65 3195 40 5375 104 6406 66 4354 100 1899 12 1428 21 1962 Gerres resultantes 67 0543 28 8491 62 6036 47 3595 122 4376 51 0359 95 5341 65 4600 181 6416 166 5022 _ 00 Archivo ASCII de resultados Cierre de triangulos html Y visualizar despu s del c lculo 0 0033 0 0024 Cantidad de tri ngulos 170 Cierre probable 0 0042 Error angular 7 After the output data have been set up the process can
103. ia 46 951 54 841 19 700 150 297 46 951 28 375 53 055 53 045 107 879 ana nare E Y Fichero TopCal de resultados Corregidas obs Incluir en el proyecto actual lt lt Anterior Calcular Al a adir visuales nuevas V Aplicar errores calulados al resto de visuales Todas 00 After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or you may turn back to Step 2 Computation of Systematic Errors by pressing the button Back 6 25 Computation of average of observations 6 26 Computation of random errors TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 221 6 27 Levelling 6 28 Compensation of levelling network using least squares Torlal2 Drawing 7 1 Draw Entity 00 This tool is of use to register entities in the sketch file from points related to it To do that it is necessary to have an entity code that can be chosen from the existing code list It is also necessary to know the sequence of points making up the entity The points may be introduced one by one through a continuous point sequence or by points making up Editar lista rea W rtice nuevo A adir despu s del punto 1 Linea simple O Secuencia de puntos Hasta el punto con un paso an arc Capa Propiedades REGISTRO Registro indeterminado Longitud 69 147 m 380 488 m2 O Arco Punto 2
104. ido station information by pressing button Back UNIVERSIDAD POLIT CNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA T CNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS EN TOPOGRAF A GEODESIA Y CARTOGRAF A Rese a de v rtice V rtice 2002 Nombre x 446553 732 Zona Campus Sur Vallecas Y 4471199 993 H M N 435 Z 645 568 Provincia Madrid Anamorfosis 0 999635156 Huso 30 Sistema de referencia ETRS 89 Altitudes referidas al N M M en Alicante i AM ests ar i Aa Ee m Y de up Bere ee 4 E Va AT ae Z AA 3 A y MI P ER a e Se encuentra situado en la calle de la Arboleda en el tri ngulo formado por el Situaci Colegio de Ense anza Especial el INSIA y el Instituto F P Palomeras en la n acera situada entre las dos bifurcaciones de la calle Campus Sur de Vallecas Carretera de Valencia A 3 Km 7 Empotrado en loseta de acera Se al Clavo de acero 210 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations Toal l fg 6 23 Generate Data Information of Control Points This tool is of use to generate data information of a set of control points stored in a TopCal file The program generates a file in HTML format from a template predesigned by the user Nevertheless the program includes a default template The computation is made up of the following three steps Step 1 Point Error Marcador no definido Selection wl Step 2 i Step 3 Enter Error Marcador no definido Output Files 6 23 1 Step 1 Pointi
105. ill arrange the values first increasingly and if clicked again decreasingly It is also possible to arrange the data by going to the menu View gt Sort data explained further in topic 8 6 One can delete records of the spreadsheet by selecting the record and pressing on the key or clicking with the right button of the mouse on the cell and selecting the command Delete record TopCal 21 also considers a record as deleted if its identification is cero This means there can be no point with the Point Number as zero To enter angles in pseudo decimal format you will need to enter the degrees the point decimal separator and then the minutes and last the seconds For example angle 90 degrees 38 minutes and 45 67 seconds will be entered as 90 384567 Toal l fg If a record is deleted the program will keep showing the value but this time in red this happens only if this option has been activated in the menu Edit Preferences explained in the topic 8 1 At the same time it is possible for the user to retrieve a value that has been deleted previously by clicking with the right button of the mouse over it and selecting the option Retrieve record The program also allows multiple selections of records with the keys CTRL or SHIFT or clicking with the left mouse button and without releasing extending the windows over the records one wishes to select This way of presenting the data allows copying cutting and pasting amo
106. ing coordinates that don t belong to any cartographic system due to the very small extension of the project he she can select a local coordinate system where there is no need to select a projection The dialog box Reference Systems shows the list with the currently stored reference systems and a series of options to operate with these systems The options of this window are al List of existing reference systems This list shows the different systems defined by their name projection and ellipsoid From here the user can Edit create New or an already existing system i Projection al Ellipsoid 9 3 Joining observations 9 4 Renumber points Toal 1 0 9 5 Renumber observations a de a a Y a Athar rernanammannrdce A O jSer manua z UL h G COMMada l d gt L c J Togtal21 2 dimensions 2 points 2 point resections 2 Resect 3 dimensions 3 points 3 point resections 3 Resect 178 178 I O index 195 181 53 43 195 180 53 92 43 a posteriori standard deviation 160 161 167 168 A priori error About TopCal 21 About Accuracy for E Accuracy for N Add Add by keyboard Add circle Add file Add line Add parallel Add rectangle Add sheet Add square Add symbol Add to Project Topcal 21 User s manual 151 Index 162 60 41 156 156 40 59 58 48 58 59 58 59 58 59 27 00 Adding new observations 139 223 Adding new points80 9
107. ing must be specified by mm and ppm By stadia rod Toal 1 fd 9 2 Reference Systems The application allows the creation of point files referred to different coordinate systems For this the user needs to previously define the reference systems that are going to be available to create the new point files This definition allows the program to use certain formulas in the computations processes These reference systems are going to be saved in a file that is located in the same folder that the executable file called Sistema de referencia dat To access the dialog box that offers the different Reference Systems go to the menu Edit gt Reference files Reference systems Name Projection Ellipsoid UTM 29 UTM 29N Internacional Hayford UTM 31 UTM 31N Internacional Hayford UTM 30 UTM 30N Internacional Hayford Cartesiano Local None Internacional Hayford Cartesiano GPS None WGS 84 Lambert Espa a 2 parallel Lambert Internacional Hayford Projection features Zone 29 Hemispher Ellipsoid features Semi major axis 6378388 000 m Flattening 1 297 000001 Topcal 21 User s manual Other commands 247 From this dialog box the user can define new systems that he she considers necessary for the projects with his coordinate files He has to take into account that the reference systems are composed by a certain cartographic projection and a reference ellipsoid In the event the user is handl
108. interface as a computation sheet All its tools are presented with guided dialog boxes that will help the user in the computations The program supports a large list of different file formats from topographic total stations and graphic files for its importation or exportation The output files are in ASCII format separated by spaces DXF ASCII of Digi and BIN of Digi DGN or HTML TopCal 21 has the usual tools such as i Computations of triangulations made by intersections or resections using angles or distances wi Orientations L L L L L L L L hk hk ELL OL TorLal2 Traverses Radial survey Surface computation Generation of drawings from points Transformation of coordinates between different systems Generation of data information of vertex or control points Computation of longitudinal profiles and cross sections Volume computation Computation of cuts and fills Compensation of topographic networks by least squares Automatic retrieval of the sketch from encoding on the field Geometric calculations of intersections of different elements lines arcs circles transformation from polar coordinate to rectangular coordinates and vice versa etc TorLal2 010 1 2 System requirements TopCal 21 is executed in the Microsoft Windows operative system To install and start using TopCal21 the following hardware and software is necessary l L L L L Intel Pentium II 300 MHz or more or equ
109. ion i Closed A traverse originating and terminating on known coordinated points After the traverse has been made up the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Comparison of distances and height differences or the button may be pressed to turn back to Step 7 Enter Input Data Files 106 Topcal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 5 8 3 Step 3 Comparison of distances and height differences This is the third step in the computation of traverses WA Poligonales Comprobaci n de distancias y desniveles Informaci n Longitud de la poligonal 1204 916 m N mero de tramos Tolerancias medias En distancias En desniveles Eje Dri Dr2 10001 10002 179 979 179 981 10002 10019 113 397 113 398 10019 10017 150 676 150 678 10017 10016 169 789 169 791 10016 10021 158 448 158 445 10021 10006 73 328 73 328 10006 10007 190 563 190 564 10007 10013 168 740 168 728 lt lt Anterior The information is constructed in the following fields i Length of the traverse i Number of traverse lines If the data obtained are accepted the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 4 Results closures and tolerances or to turn back to Step 2 Point Selection TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 107 00 5 8 4 TorCal2 Step 4 Results closures and tolerances This is the fourth step in the computation of traverses In this step information is displayed about the computed traver
110. ion On this list the following fields are displayed File index Horizontal angle 4 Vertical angle Distance i List of reciprocal observations backsight This list is located on the right lower part It shows the available observations from the selected point on the list of available points to the last station of the traverse In the event there were several observations we can choose the one we want to use in the computation On this list the following fields are displayed File index Horizontal angle Vertical angle Distance It is only necessary that a distance in each axis exists In case two distances direct and reciprocal exist they should be reduced and the mean used Ttogtal21 Selecci n de puntos Fic N mero Fic N mero 10012 10001 10002 10019 10017 10016 10021 10006 10007 10013 eceseveuescecsceeessessceceseucscesesecscessecsseceseceseecesesecessesececesessseucecesecesseseseceseeesesseececesseseseseseceseucsseseceseeeececeseusseesecececeseeseseceseueseesesees 10026 ait o i e a o a m a Ace 0c a fF al ez Visuales directas Visuales rec procas Fic LH LV Distancia i LH LV Distancia 1 347 0385 100 0373 166 263 366 9010 100 1196 166 262 The program allows continuing when there is at least one axis The traverses may be i Closed loop A traverse originating and terminating on a single stat
111. ion point where the topographic instrument was placed at the time of data taking If this record has the value cero the program will assume this observation is deleted and won t use it for the computations al Target This field identifies the point sighted with this topographic observation If this record has the value cero the program will assume this Target point is deleted and won t use it for the computations Horizontal This field identifies the value of the horizontal angle registered upon data taking in the angular units defined for this file Vertical This field identifies the value of the vertical or zenith angle registered upon data taking in the angular units defined for this file i Distance This field identifies the value of the slope distance registered upon data taking in meters or feet depending on the parameters defined for this file i Reflector This field identifies the value of the height of the rod or prism at the time of data taking in meters or feet depending on the file definition else 0 Instrument This field identifies the value of the instrument height at the time of data taking in meters or feet depending on the parameter definition for this file i Code Code registered on the field belonging to the geographic entity the Target point is a part of In order to perform topographic computations the program relates the point files to the observation files by means of the
112. istance between two points in UTM projection or as defined by geographic coordinates al Triangle solver lt computes the elements of a triangle from the knowledge of three of these elements either sides or angles al Maximum and minimum lt computes the maxima minima and coordinate increments of a set of points This option will only be available if there is a current active point file i Area computations lt computes the surface of a closed entity formed by a certain set of points This option will only be available if there is a current active point file Toal l 0 Profiles lt generates drawing files with longitudinal or transversal profiles formed by a certain set of points This option will only be available if there is a current active point file i Transformations lt is of use to perform a 2D or 3D transformation from the knowledge of the transformation parameters This option will only be available if there is a current active point file i Generate data information lt generates from photos an HTML file with the sketches of the control points or vertices This option will only be available if there is a current active point file i Compute average Facel Face2 lt computes the systematic errors of an instrument from the observation in DC and IC between a set of points This option will only be available if there is a current active observation file Compute average of series Co
113. ith coordinates stored in the point files selected in Step 1 Only one station point should be selected where the respective observations will be generated from The list shown contains the following fields al File index lt indicates the index of the point file where the point is stored Point number i Coordinates ENH After having selected the station point its orientation in grads should be indicated as well as the heights of the rod and instrument in meters Generar libreta de campo n Configuraci n de la estaci n 1 A pa pp pl ps ps pd ps jt N mero 1196 1197 x 424812 603 424815 540 424811 453 424625 449 424730 718 424777 244 424693 030 424637 633 424793 598 424801 465 424758 267 Y 4495272 959 4495286 544 4495288 157 4495207 675 4495212 968 4495288 872 4495336 411 4495377 090 4495240 865 4495281 027 4495377 090 Z 933 658 934 343 939 944 7 Nombre A FENO 1 FENO 2 FENO 3 FENO 4 FENO 5 destacad destacad ALAMBRE y Desorientaci n Distancia m xima Caracter sticas de la estaci n 234 5675 15000 Altura de mira Altura de instrumento 136 lt lt Anterior TopCal 21 User s manual Toal l 0 After having selected the station the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Target point Selection or button Back to turn back to Step 1 Enter Input Data files 5 12 3 Step 3 Target
114. ith the left button of the mouse Then the program will search entities in the surroundings of the cursor If an entity is found this entity will be highlighted with a colour and the program will prompt the user to verify the selection by clicking again on the left button of the mouse or cancel this selection to look for other entities nearby clicking on the right button of the mouse or ending the search by clicking on Esc If the mouse has a central wheel the user can use it to increase or decrease the zoom of the current view TopCal 21 User s manual Introduction Toal l 0 The structure of topographic data in TopCal 21 is as follows l e Point file In this type of file the point coordinates and their orientations will be stored as well as their names and codes as the case may be In every topographic computation one starts from the known coordinates of a series of points and through computations using field observations the other point coordinates are obtained O l Observation file These files will contain the observations done with any surveying instrument These observations are used to compute the unknown point coordinates They are made up of station number target point horizontal angle vertical angle slope distance instrument height reflector height and a code if it was registered l uf Sketch file In this type of file the geographic entities taken at the time of point collection are store
115. ivalent with Windows 200 XP or Vista RAM of at least 128 Mb 15 MB of free disk space CD ROM unit Monitor that supports at least 1024x768 pixels and 16 bits of colour quality million colours is recommended USB port for the hasp protection key 1 3 Installation 1 3 1 Installing TopCal 21 This help topic will describe how to install the program TopCal 21 in the hard disk and how to start the application Before starting please verify that your system meets the requirements listed in the previous topic Installation al Insert the CD in the CD_ROM unit of your computer ail The CD contains an automatic start up program which will show a list with the different programs available for the installation Select TopCal21 from the list Follow the instructions shown by the installer 1 3 2 Installation of drivers and protection key manager If it is the first time that you install TopCal21 in your computer you will need to install the driver for the HASP protection key i From the programs listed in the CD select HASP protection Key Driver i Follow the instructions shown by the installer topka 1 fg Connect the HASP key to one of the USB ports of your computer i Open again the list of programs available on the CD and select InfoLlave 2007 Follow the instructions shown by the installer Execute the application by going to Start Programs gt gt Digi21 net gt InfoLlave The progra
116. l is of use to close triangles through the observations taken between the points whereupon gross errors in those views can be found since the triangles have to close in 200 grads Only triangles can be closed if there are direct and reciprocal observations between the points The tool is constructed in 3 steps leading the user in the computation al Step 1 Observation Selection i Step 2 Repeated Non Reciprocal Observations al Step 3 Resulting Closures The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier 5 2 1 Step 1 Observation Selection This is the first step when computing the closure of triangles formed by a set of observations A dialog box is shown with the observations contained in the file The ones to be used in the computation should be selected The list shown contains the following fields i Station point number i Target point number Horizontal angle al Vertical angle al Distance Multiple observations may be selected using the key CTRL and pressing the left mouse button on the desired observations If an already selected observation is pressed it will be cancelled Observations ordered by ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit observations defining the range Also the buttons or may be used to select or cancel all observations Paso 1 Selecci n de visua
117. las herramientas propias para la resoluci n de problemas topogr ficos como pueden ser e C lculo de triangulaciones compuestas de intersecciones directas o Intersecciones inversas e Camnanrarianar hmm This menu contains the following commands l Ej Help Topics It shows the program s help l Y About TopCal 21 It shows information about the version of TopCal 21 Nombre Topcal 21 Descripci n C lculos Topogr ficos Version 2 00 19 0 Copyright Copyright C 2001 2006 E mail jiarranz digi21 net N mero de llave 1562 Propiedad de JJ SuperLlave Nuevas versiones http www digi21 net topcal21 60 Topcal 21 User s manual Application menus Toal 1 0 Tools 5 1 Orientations This tool is of use to compute the orientation of a station out of the observations to other points In order to do it the existence of coordinates for the station point and the Target point is essential With those coordinates the azimuth is computed and the orientation is computed with the Horizontal angle to the point The tool is constructed in 3 steps leading the user in the computation wl Step 1 Enter Input Data Files al Step 2 Station Selection ai Step 3 Observations Selection The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier TopCal 21 User s manual Tools OL 5 1 1 Step 1 Enter Input Data Files This is the fi
118. lays a dialog box with the available points showing their coordinates and their point number To the right of this list the points are displayed that are going to be part of the profile These can be added by double clicking on the particular point or pressing the button gt gt Likewise it is possible to delete them from the profile with the button lt lt It is possible to indicate the horizontal and vertical scales for the generation of the respective drawing file Next the plotting size the profile is going to have will be expressed in millimetres depending on its length the scales and the options added to the profile annotation The program may generate two types of output files al A text file with the list of points making up the profile 1 A drawing file with the cross section and an annotation with the information relating to it Through the following dialog box a custom annotation may be made The size of the texts the profile annotation is going to contain can be indicated in this dialog box as well as the elements to be added if so desired It is also possible to change the code or layer where that annotation will be registered as well as the amount of profile information contained in the annotation and the height of the comparison plane 6 14 Coordinate Transformation This tool is of use to transform a set of points out of the transformation values introduced by the user A transformation may be performed i
119. les Estaci n Visado LH LV Distancia 1005 1008 117 2224 100 8170 0 000 1006 248 9410 100 7165 0 000 After having selected the desired observations we can carry on to Step 2 Repeated Non Reciprocal Observations by pressing the button Next 68 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 5 2 2 Step 2 Repeated Non Reciprocal Observations In the second step of closure of triangles an informative dialog box is displayed with the non reciprocal and repeated observations which were selected in the previous step Cierre de triangulos Visuales repetidas y sin reciproca Visuales sin reciproca Visuales repetidas Estacion Visado LH Estacion Visado LH 1008 1005 141 3128 1008 1022 390 8229 1008 1006 366 6248 1019 1012 19 1010 1008 1009 240 5181 1019 1020 45 5392 1019 1008 225 4519 1020 1008 69 7499 1024 1006 289 4247 1024 1008 263 6262 1024 1019 245 8600 1024 1022 368 1109 If not in agreement with the data we can turn back to Step 1 Observation Selection by pressing the button Back or we may want to carry on with the computation going forward to Step 3 Resulting Closures by pressing the button Next TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 69 5 2 3 Step 3 Resulting Closures This is the last step in the computation of closure of triangles A report is shown about the formed triangles and the resultant closure of each of them The list shown contains the following fields
120. les may be chosen or a new file generated In the latter case you may or may not add the file to the current project i Adding new points If the point file is not new you may or may not modify the points with the same number lying in the chosen output file 010 TogCal21 Configurar salida de datos N mero x Y Z Nombre 58234 435117 552 4455883 179 813 822 Cantuena 58325 460806 829 4456746 495 860 159 El Pino 58425 491679 529 4456994 179 950 350 Piqueras 60534 437071 121 4436352 789 767 050 Langosta 60634 464389 899 4435986 820 871 688 Palomar 60726 490066 737 4440438 536 774 577 Casasola 63053 441126 579 4416535 079 816 750 Roman 63145 467120 660 4419686 159 876 046 Tres 63251 500095 741 4411666 128 918 050 Madero Fichero TopCal de resultados Al a adir puntos nuevos transformados pts v No modificar puntos existentes Incluir en el proyecto actual lt lt Anterior After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 2 Point Selection by pressing the button Back 196 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations Toal l fd 6 15 Transformation of Geographic Coordinates This tool is of use to transform a set of points stored in a TopCal file in UTM coordinates into geographic coordinates with the possibility of setting up the ellipsoid used in the projection The computation is made up of the following three steps al Step 1 Ent
121. m the current project EE Add It combines existing files with the current one 2 Undo It cancels the last operation 4 Redo It redoes the last cancelled operation A Delete lt puts an erasure mark on the actual register or on the selected registers Y Retrieve It retrieves the selected erased registers RefSist a Instrum Print lt prints the current document EN Calculator lt shows the system s calculator for easy calculation operations k Help lt shows the program s help If the user presses on one of the items it will display information about it If the user presses on any location of the screen general information about the program will show up TorLal2 3 2 Q l P About It shows information about the version of TopCal Ae Toolbar TopCalTool TopcalTool E 15 lt A REP val a Orienta Cierre Replanteo Transfor Libreta This toolbar consists of the following commands l hy L Orienta lt is of use to compute the orientation of a point on the basis of observations of other known coordinated points This option will only be available if there is a current active project Ed Closure lt is of use to compute the closure of triangles formed by a set of observations made between points This option will only be available if there is a current active observation file However a point file is not needed REP Stakeout It is of use to generate a file with the
122. m will show the following window 11 InfoLlave 2007 20090209 Cliente 3 Licencias en esta llave de protecci n DigiNG 2007 ADS40 MDTop 2007 Viales TopCal 2007 BintramzZ Orto 2007 LimiteBin Digi3D 2007 coc VirtuaLand 2007 Calibraci n AeroTri 2009 Buscar llave local Buscar llave en red Activar ordenador aci n de licencias i Press on the button that says Browse for local dongle in case you have a local key plugged in your computer or press on Browse for network dongle in case you work with a network dongle plugged into a server wi If it is the first time this Hasp key is activated on your computer the program will show a message referring to the License file Please contact our technical support and follow the instructions to activate your HASP key 1 3 3 Starting with TopCal 21 The installation program for TopCal 21 created a shortcut icon on your Windows desktop and a folder in the menu in the Windows Start up programs To start TopCal 21 you have two options i Double click with the mouse on the TopCal 21 shortcut of your desktop Go to Start gt Programs gt Digi21 net gt TopCal21 gt Topcal21 1 3 4 Update download 1 3 5 Uninstalling 1 4 Toal l 00 User Interface The program shows a screen which is split up in two distinct parts one on the left displaying the open files and projects and another one on the right presenting the content of the files with a s
123. med to at least three known coordinated points This option will only be available if there is a current active project l A Hansen mal vA 2 Resect l ee Altimetry It is of use to compute the height of a set of points from the observations carried out in an altimetric network starting from at least a point with a known height This option will only be available if there is a current active project l A Traverse lt is of use to compute the coordinates of new points from the chain of observations performed between these points and at least one with known coordinates This option will only be available if there is a current active project l EE Comp3D It is of use to adjust by the mathematical method of least squares a network made up of a set of points between which angular and or distance and or altimetric observations have been carried out This option will only be available if there is a current active project In order to do this it is necessary to have already computed estimated coordinates of the non fixed points making up the network 3 4 Toolbar Drawing Dibujo UY N O E oO amp 1 1 Linea Circulo Cuadro Rectang S mbolo Zoom E A 38 183 E Zoom XY Regen C digos Croquis LibSimbol Hoja L This toolbar consists of the following commands l N Line lt shows a dialog box allowing registration of geographic entities lines or arcs as a junction between the points in the files tha
124. mon to the first system Starting from the common data the application computes transformation parameters that will apply to the remainder of the file points It will assign them to the new coordinate system The tool is constructed in five steps leading the user in the computation Step 1 Reference system files selection al Step 2 Common Points to Both Systems al Step 3 Residuals al Step 4 Transformation parameters al Step 5 Transformed Points and Output The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier 5 11 1 Step 1 Reference system files selection This is the first step to compute transformation The data required are as follows al Point files The projects point files to be used in the transformation should be selected With the buttons located on the right side of the dialog box we should select the files taking part of the coordinate system 1 and the ones taking part of the coordinate system 2 wl Files system 1 These files contain the common points necessary to transform the points of the system 2 into that system wl Files system 2 These files contain the common points necessary to transform the non common points of these files to system 1 ASCII Output file The name of the ASCII output file should be written with the results of the computation This file can be viewed after the computation with the assigned vie
125. mpute accidental errors Levelling L L L L Compensation levelling network least squares 4 6 Menu Drawing This menu contains the following commands 1 Fit window It adjusts the view to see the current drawing document enhanced This option will only be available if there is a current active sketch file l A Refresh View It regenerates the window including view of the current drawing document This option will only be available if there is a current active sketch file Zoom Centred lt centres the current window on a determined point or coordinates This option will only be available if there is a current active sketch file i Zoom In Zoom Out i Move Window l N Add line lt displays a dialog box for registration of geographic entities lines or arcs as a junction between file points related to the sketch This option will only be available if there is a current active sketch file J U Add square H Add rectangle O Add circle Toal l 0 J Add symbol Add sheet Add parallel Add by keyboard e N Line O Square Rectangle Split line Join line Reading sketches files 1 Element information L L L L L Delete entities ag 4 7 Menu Help r ayuda la 3 Introducci n A O a 12 1 3 Qu es TopCal 21 Versi n 2007 S Requisitos del sistema Instalaci n y desinstalaci 3 Interfaz de usuario amp Estru
126. n 2 or 3 dimensions starting from the knowledge of the displacement vectors rotation angles and scale factor or from the knowledge of the tensors associated with the transformation The computation is made up of the following three steps al Step 1 Choose Transformation Parameters wi Step 2 Point Selection al Step 3 Output Data Setup 6 14 1 Step 1 Choose Transformation Parameters This is the first step in the computation of the coordinate transformation The type of transformation and the parameters defining it are indicated The data required are i Type of transformation lt may be 2 dimensions 3 dimensions or affine Way in which the data are introduced By transformation parameters These parameters are the displacement vector rotation angles and scale factors Their number will vary according to the type of transformation previously chosen TopCal 21 User s manual Computations TorLal21 fig Through a tensor This tensor will be 2x2 or 3x3 depending on the type of transformation previously chosen By data stored in a file 2 Transformaci n de coordenadas Elegir par metros de transformaci n Tipo de transformaci n 3 dimensiones H Modo de introducci n de datos 2 Mediante par metros de transformaci n Helmert Mediante tensor 3 x 3 Mediante datos almacenados en archivo Datos Translaciones ngulos de giro Escalas x 1000 Omega 0 0001 0 9996 Y 2000 Phi 0 0002 0
127. ng different windows even among different programs For example it is possible to select several records and paste them in an open spreadsheet of Microsoft Excel and vice versa When opening a sketch file the layout of the program is like the layout of a drawing application and several drawing tool bars will be activated to edit the drawing 20 codigos Topcal21 pp crq Archivo Editar Ver Herramientas C lculos Dibujo Ayuda a gt E fl 1 1 Zoom extensi n amp h Q BB Nuevo Abrir Arch Abrir Proy Salva Frc Regenera vista FS er Imprimir Ayuda Acerca Calcula Zoom centrado n Otros archivos a Aumentar Zoom AvPag Q maw R Mover ventana Espacio z 2 ia gt ds XYZ S i i 4 puntos pts oo ss N Linea fl Insertar simbolo lif Insertar hoja 17 a XYZ E a 3 ps Radiacion pts Insertar paralela 3 77 156 i Informaci n de elemento Borrar entidades Supr a XYZ ppts 265 106 105 N A 14 te 4 di hk i Q a m Linea Simbolo ZoomE ZoomXY Regen C digos Puntero Info Zoom Centrar ZoomY Mover V T Pp o 965 964 5026 170 0 000 With this view the application works like any graphic application When the user moves the cursor over the drawing the coordinates shown by the status bar will change in real time When a certain command prompts the selection of elements this selection should be done w
128. nsformed Coordinates This is the third and last step in the computation of the transformation The program displays a list with the geographic coordinates of the transformed points where the following fields are shown f PointjError Marcador no definido number wl Longitude in degrees al Latitude in degrees i Linear anamorphosis of the projection at this point i Meridian convergence in degrees TorCal2 662551 731 657981 238 699134 307 717702 501 654575 421 689121 366 717421 464 Al a adir puntos nuevos 4761472 785 4734935 547 4728049 225 4736766 654 4712469 344 4719710 991 4716997 583 No modificar puntos existentes lt lt Anterior zZ 2068 385 1064 257 1601 635 2018 728 967 203 1298 331 1632 149 E Calcular Coordenadas transformadas de los puntos Nombre Roda Modificar puntos existentes After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 2 Point Error Marcador no definido Selection by pressing button Back TopCal 21 User s manual Computations 201 iQ Torlal2 6 16 Manual Transformation of Geographic Coordinates This tool is of use to transform geographic coordinates into UTM coordinates storing them in the current point file Ab Transformaci n manual de coordenadas geogr ficas Xx Y Z 662551 731 4761472 785 2068 385 657981 238 4734935 545 1064 257 6
129. nual Tools Toal l 0 i Planimetric closure Errors of closure in planimetry obtained when computing the traverse These errors may be compensated in the different axes proportionally to their distance by activating the checkbox Compensate As this checkbox is activated or deactivated the data are immediately recalculated Altimetric closure Error of closure in altimetry obtained when computing the traverse This error can be compensated in the different axes proportionally to their distance by activating the checkbox Compensate As this checkbox is activated or deactivated the data are immediately recalculated al List of axes The data offered are as follows o Station number Target point number Azimuth Reduced distance Elevation difference Horizontal angle Vertical angle Geometric distance Reflector height Instrument height If the data obtained are accepted the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 5 Output Data Setup or to turn back to Step 3 Comparison of distances and height differences 5 8 5 Step 5 Output Data Setup This is the fifth and last step in the computation of traverses A screen is shown with the computed final coordinates and how to save them The following fields are displayed i Final coordinates A list appears with the computed new points their coordinates and orientation i TopCal output file The name of the TopCal file where
130. o adjust the observations rigorously he she needs to specify the features of the instrument in the following dialog box Er New surveying instrument Instrument name Lejca TC 1000 Theodolite features Magnificatian 30 Level sensitivity 100 co Distance measurement features C There have been no measurement of distances or unknown By distancer EDM Accuracy mm ppm 0 By stadia rod TopCal 21 User s manual Other commands NO UW In this dialog box the following parameters are defined al InstrumentjError Marcador no definido name The user will specify a unique name for this particular instrument in order to make the selection from any list easier i Theodolite features Type The type of theodolite can be either Electronic or Optical This parameter affects only in the formula used to calculate the reading error of the instrument Angle accuracy This is the least fraction that is possible to read from the instrument Magnification This is the magnification of the instrument lenses Level sensitivity this is the level sensitivity of the instruments i DistancejError Marcador no definido measurement features The user has to select the type of distance measurement done by the instrument The options are There have been no measurements of distances or they are unknown By EDM Electronic distance measurement in this case the accuracy of the read
131. o html Fichero con la plantilla os MSI TopCal21 Resefa de punto de apoyo html After the output data have been set up the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 2 Enter Error Marcador no definido station information by pressing button Back Topcal 21 User s manual Computations 215 6 24 Compute Systematic Errors This tool is of use to compute the possible systematic errors of the topographic instrument and after doing it to be able to apply them to the remainder of observations performed with the instrument To compute these errors it is necessary to have taken observations in direct circle and inverse circle to a set of points The tool is constructed in the following three steps al Step 1 Observation Selection al Step 2 Computation of Systematic Errors al Step 3 Output Data Setup 6 24 1 Step 1 Observation Selection This is the first step in the computation of systematic errors A screen is shown with the observations having direct circle and inverse circle to be able to compute the errors The observations with which the errors are to be computed should be selected The list shown contains the following fields i Station i TargetjError Marcador no definido point i HorizontaljError Marcador no definido anglejError Marcador no definido in face 1 i HorizontaljError Marcador no definido anglejError Marcador no definido in face 2
132. o the next step or go back to Step 6 By clicking on the button the user can access the next step which depends on the type of adjustment that is being performed 158 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 If the user is doing a heights or vertical adjustment the next step is Step 8 Weights and residuals of the vertical observations al If no horizontal adjustment has been selected the next step would be Step 11 Output data setup The user can also go back to Step 6 Displacements and horizontal accuracy by clicking on the button 5 13 9 Step 8 Weights and residuals of the vertical observations In this step of the adjustment the program will analyze a priori the vertical observations that will be used in the computation A list will be shown with the following data i Station i Target point i Reading Height difference in meters i A priori error This error is the random error the observation has and it depends on the distance of the observation the instrument used and the stationing and signaling conditions The units for this value are meters Weighted residual This value is dimensionless and is the result of dividing the non weighted residual by the a priori error of the observation ag i Not weighted residual This value is the difference between Torlal2 the observed value actual observation and the calculated value result of using the approximate coordinates of
133. oints with coordinates stored in the current file The points to be transformed should be selected The list shown contains the following fields 198 Topcal 21 User s manual Computations Torlal2 aQ PointjError Marcador no definido number i Coordinates ENH al Name Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges may be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or may also be used to select or cancel all points A4 Transformaci n de coordenadas geogr ficas Selecci n de los puntos a transformar Longitud 19 00 21 973 1 04 10 541 0 34 10 392 09 20 23 298 1 07 2 278 00 41 39 970 0 21 2 889 Latitud Altitud 420 59 18 797 2068 385 42 45 2 442 1064 257 42 40 44 916 1601 635 42 45 9 120 2018 728 42 32 56 973 967 203 42 36 23 905 1298 331 420 34 29 177 1632 149 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations lt lt Anterior 199 After the desired points have been selected the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Transformed Coordinates or button Back to turn back to Step 1 EnterjError Marcador no definido Transformation Settings 6 15 3 Step 3 Tra
134. on to access Step 6 Displacements and horizontal accuracy or go back to Step 5 Weights and residuals of the horizontal observations by clicking on the button TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 153 5 13 7 Step 6 Displacements and horizontal accuracy Once the points the observations and the network properties have been defined the program has sufficient information to start the computation The results of the adjustment of the network is going to be shown in this step the results are displacements of the points that were not fixed and their accuracy The values of the displacements depend directly on the accuracy of the approximate coordinates However the value of these approximate coordinates will not affect the value of the achieved accuracy Point number i Displacement for E This is the displacement that the approximate Easting coordinate of the point gets after the adjustment Its units are meters i Displacement for N This is the displacement that the approximate Northing coordinate of the point gets after the adjustment Its units are meters i Accuracy for E This is the accuracy in meters achieved for the E coordinate i Accuracy for N This is the accuracy in meters achieved for the N coordinate Major semiaxis of the error ellipsoid in meters Minor semiaxis of the error ellipsoid in meters i AzimuthjError Marcador no definido of the major semiaxis of the error ellipsoid in g
135. ottom named Show after computation lf we do not want to create this file we will have to deactivate the checkbox on the left of its name The file will be created in the project directory lt i Compensaci n de altimetria Ficheros de puntos Introducir ficheros de datos de entrada Fic Nombre 1 Vertices pts Sist Ref Proyeccion Elipsoide Internacional Ficheros de visuales Fic Nombre 1 Visuales obs Instrumento Prec Ang Prec Dist Wild T 2 1 cc Altimetria html Fichero ASCII de resultados Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo Siguiente gt gt After having introduced these data we carry on to Step 2 Point Selection by pressing the button Next TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 73 fig TorLal2 1 5 3 2 Step 2 Point Selection This is the second step in the computation of altimetry compensation A screen is shown displaying the points with coordinates stored in the point files selected in Step 1 as well as the points which are sighted from these points or that sight those points whose observations are in the observation files selected in Step 1 The list shown contains the following fields i Checkbox Fixed This checkbox indicates whether the point is fixed or not To activate it or deactivate it double click with the left mouse button on the desired point al File index lt indicates the index of the point file where the point has
136. owing fields i Selection of the data and unknowns The options are as follows If the three sides are known a b c If an angle and its sides are known A b c If an angle one of its sides and the opposing side are known B b c If two angles and their common side are known A B c If two angles and a non common side are known A B a i Value of the data If angles the values will be given in grads If sides they will be given in meters Value of the unknowns If angles the values will be given in grads If sides they will be given in meters 10 6 11 Surface Computation C lculo de superficies TorLal2 xX 423303 437 421548 963 423341 999 427392 244 433843 864 430367 824 423080 290 421772 110 Y 4573378 610 4580381 989 4585470 441 4588412 773 4591476 558 4584835 542 4579655 768 4577044 161 4576716 438 2 0 0 nN Buk WN Fe Numero Tipo Linea Arco Arco Linea Linea Linea Linea r kaf Tipo Linea 5 Arco Fichero de resultados Y Superficies html Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo ba Nombre Parcela 1 Propiedades Longitud 47557 507 m Area 120863001 066 m2 Puntos 7 This tool is of use to compute surfaces from points defining them The definition of the surface may be made with straight or curved stretches The dialog box displays the following fields wf Point list Point list of
137. pen the Windows explorer for a name and a destination folder This option would only be active if the document had been modified al Save All lt saves all modified files as well as the project Close Project lt closes the current project PE Insert File lt inserts a point file or observations in the current project A Delete File lt deletes a point file observations or sketch from the current project Import It imports data coming from other types of files There are several kinds depending on the type of file where the data will be imported to i e point or observation file Export ES Add file lt combines existing files with the current one Having an active digital model only files of this type can be added Having an active drawing file BIN DXF or DGN drawing files can be added to it The program will open the Windows explorer for selection of the files to be added In this dialog box a single file or several of them can be selected using the keys and CONTROL Print lt prints the current document ail Print preview lt shows on screen how the current document would get printed Toal l 0 4 2 i Print setup It sets the printer s output device i Recent files lt shows a list of a maximum of five files with the last used documents It is a fast way of opening already generated documents i Recent projects lt shows a list of a maximum of five projects with the last ones used It i
138. point Selection This is the third step to generate observations A screen is shown with the points stored in the files selected in Step 1 provided it is not the station selected in Step 2 In this step the points that are going to generate the observations should be selected The list shown contains the following fields File index lt indicates the index of the observation file where the observation is stored i Point number i Coordinates ENH Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled Points ordered in ranges can also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range The buttons or None can also be used to select or cancel all points A maximal distance in meters may be indicated so as to avoid generation of observations beyond that distance Toral2 Fic N mero After having selected the desired points the button may be pressed to carry on to Step 4 Output Data Setup or button Back to turn back to Step 2 Station Setup 5 12 4 Step 4 Output Data Setup This is the fourth and last step in the generation of observations The following fields are shown List with the generated observations Here the station number Target point number Horizontal angle Vertical angle and geometric distance are indi
139. preadsheet Archivo Editar Ver Herramientas C lculos Dibujo Ayuda 58 Nuevo E Abrir Arch Abrir Proy Salva Proy Salvar K Deshacer co m Rehacet Imprimir R Ayuda Acerca de Calcula Otros chien 2 Vertices pts ae O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 erre Orienta Preparado E Punto 10002 10003 10005 10006 10007 10008 10010 10011 10012 10013 10016 10017 10018 10019 10020 10021 10022 REP y x 413960 835 413873 107 413808 545 413908 982 413640 987 413744 039 414072 313 413623 085 413989 813 414139 928 413834 761 413492 682 413619 188 413698 345 413759 835 413478 347 413567 731 413462 200 Replanteo Transfor Libreta Y 4498098 327 4498255 480 4498037 070 4497886 533 4497950 842 4497790 543 4497967 606 4497717 639 4497738 615 4497841 719 4497648 269 dd 4498093 492 4498206 742 4497995 905 4498260 795 4497933 834 4497953 943 4498210 450 sE Z 875 251 875 373 875 255 875 532 879 069 876 689 876 719 877 886 877 706 884 362 878 644 880 227 880 068 877 267 879 653 883 919 881 479 880 886 A MN Radiaci n Directas Inversas Altimetr a Poligonal Comp3D Jesorientacion Nombre Codigo 273 2538 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 163 4972 0 0000 0 0000 330 2361 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 A TopCal The interface also
140. racy is related to the properties of each visual and the accuracy of the instruments These definitions are saved in a file that is located in the same folder where the executable file Instrumentos dat is The program the instruments saved in the following dialog box that you can access form the menu Edit Topographic Instruments Er Surveying instruments Distances Optical Leica TC 1610 Electronic Distancer Theodolite features Angle accuracy Magnification so Level sensitivity Distancer features Instrument without EDM The fields of this dialog box are al List of instruments The different saved instruments are shown the user will be able to Edit define a new one New Duplicate or on that already exists In the list you can see the name of the instrument the type which can be optical or Electronic and the type of distances it measures i Theodolite features In this part of the dialog box the features of the instrument are defined These are the Magnification Angle accuracy and level sensitivity 244 Topcal 21 User s manual Other commands TorLal2 1 010 i EDM instrument features In the case of an Electronic instrument the user will define the accuracy of the distance measurer in mm and ppm 9 1 1 New surveying instrument The surveying instruments used will allow the program to calculate the accuracy of the different observations For this reason if the user wants t
141. rads Toal l 00 By clicking on the header of this list the user will be able to rearrange the columns from ascending to descending values Desplazamientos y precisiones planim tricos Num Semie Az eje 10001 0 005 123 0185 10002 0 008 130 7352 10003 0 004 82 4549 10005 0 004 52 4751 10007 0 004 137 6819 10008 0 004 355 1620 10010 0 006 110 2983 10011 0 004 70 0979 10013 0 005 104 4769 10016 0 006 85 8727 10017 0 006 94 8148 10018 0 005 63 7900 10019 0 009 103 2517 10020 0 005 91 1194 10021 0 005 98 9069 10022 0 008 76 0374 10023 0 008 58 6001 10024 0 007 74 3823 10025 0 006 104 1755 10026 0 007 108 5088 10027 0 007 115 6465 In the event that the accuracy of a point couldn t be calculated due to lack of redundancy the character will appear on the corresponding fields The user can now click on the button to access Step 7 Results of the horizontal Baarda test The user can also go back by clicking on the button This step will depend on the network type that is being adjusted In the event it is a free network or the user has defined a fixed direction the next step will be Step 5 1 Selection of fixed directions TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 155 i In the event it is a common network the next step would be Step 5 Weights and residuals of the horizontal observations 5 13 8 Step 7 Results of the horizontal Baarda test Once the adjus
142. rcador no definido style It may be Solid continuous line Lines stroke line Points point line Line Point Line Point Point i Colour A colour should be specified i Mnemonics An explanatory text of the new code may be assigned i Editar c digo X Nombre del c digo 020200 Tipo de entidad Grosor L nea O Texto Estilo de l nea Nemot cnico S lida CURVA DE NIVEL FINA 8 3 3 Load Digi Tab In this dialog box the DIGI view codes may be loaded To do that the location of the DIGI TAB and the DIGI PAL files where the colours are defined should be indicated If the DIGI PAL file is not found the program will assign the MS DOS colours Cargar Digi Tab 2 3 Archivo Digi Tab c digi Digi Tab Archivo Digi Pal c digi Digi Pal 234 Topcal 21 User s manual Viewing Options Toal 1 00 8 4 Sketching Preferences 8 4 1 Code Library This dialog box displays a list of the existing codes and the drawing layers where they will be registered when the sketch is made 1H Libreria de c digos Tipo Descripci n Puntual Casetes no identifica Lineal Cami Lineal Carretera Lineal 5 Tanca filferrada Lineal Marquesina o porxo Puntual B scula p blica Puntual Fito municipal Lineal Marques de pintura Propiedades del c digo Identificador 72 Descripci n Limit de calgada pavimentaci Tipo de c digo Entidad lineal Simbolo on Incluir texto con co
143. res This tool is used to give ENH coordinates to points by means of the least square compensation of a set of observations carried out between them These may be angular observations distance observations or differences in elevation It also allows giving weights to these observations according to the characteristics of the material used and properties of the observations themselves Once the compensation has been completed the program performs a statistical test to locate grossly erroneous observations that will allow refining the computation In order to perform the horizontal computation it is necessary to previously calculate the approximate coordinates of the points that need to be adjusted The computation is based on the selection of one or several fixed points this means with coordinates that are considered known and immovable and based on these the rest of the points are calculated It is not necessary for the vertical computation to have approximate coordinates If no distance observations have been recorded it would indeed be necessary to have horizontal coordinates to calculate those The tool is structured in several steps depending on the compensations to be carried out guiding the user through the computation Each step of the process depends on the selected computation type which means that not all of them are necessary al Step 1 Entering of input files wl Step 2 Point selection Toal l 0 L L L
144. roject As the program is started up this option allows automatic display of the last project that was modified last time the program was accessed Display erased registers lt allows display in the current list of those registers that had been marked with the sign of Erased These registers will be displayed in red Duplicated observations lt allows storage in the observation file of several observations between the same two points This option is useful if you wish to compute the systematic errors of the topographic instrument for which it is necessary to have carried out the observations in direct circle and inverse circle Key code This value is 824 by default It must not be changed unless the system manager so indicates Viewer programs With this button it is possible to set up the location of the programs to be used and view the output reports with the computations in TXT and HTML formats i PointjError Marcador no definido data displayed With this option you may select the point file fields you want to view i Observation data displayed With this option you may select the observation file fields you want to view Toal l fd Directorio por defecto de datos c trabajos Opciones generales Cargar automaticamente el ultimo proyecto Y Mostrar registros borrados Permitr visuales duplicadas C Buscar llave en red Configurar HTML Datos mostrados de los puntos N mero
145. ror Marcador no definido pointjError Marcador no definido s i If any parameter is changed and it wants to be saved the button should be pressed To exit the dialog box press the button Exit 8 9 Project Properties ES Propiedades de proyecto Ele Nombre del trabajo Leganes Nombre del archivo Leganes prt Path del proyecto C Documents and Settings Jos Juan Arranz f Cantidad de ficheros Cantidad de elementos Puntos 1 N mero de puntos Numero de visuales Visuales 1 Numero de estaciones 21 Croquis 0 Numero de punto visados 22 Maximas y minimas de las coordenadas de los ficheros del proyecto x Y Z M xima 438691 011 4468258 818 708 644 Minima 430788 455 4461339 508 623 577 Incremento 7902 556 6919 310 85 067 This dialog box displays the current project properties such as TopCal 21 User s manual Viewing Options 239 ai Project name ai Job name Folder where it is stored i NumberjError Marcador no definido of pointjError Marcador no definido observation and sketch files it contains f NumberjError Marcador no definido of elements such as number of points observations stations and TargetjError Marcador no definido pointjError Marcador no definido s wi Maxima and minima of all coordinates contained in the project s point files If any parameter is changed and it wants to be saved the button should be pressed To exit the dialog box press the button Exit 8
146. rst step in the orientation The data required are as follows i Point files The projects point files to be used in the intersections should be selected i Observation files The project s observation files containing the observations used in the computation should be selected Y Desorientacion Introducir ficheros de datos de entrada Ficheros de puntos Fic Nombre Sist Ref Proyeccion Elipsoide 1 Vertices pts UTM 30 UTM Internaciona Ficheros de visuales Fic Nombre Instrumento Prec Ang Prec Dist 1 Visuales obs Wild T 2 1 cc After these data have been introduced pressing the button will lead to Step 2 Station Selection 62 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Torlal2 5 1 2 0 Step 2 Station Selection This is the second step in the orientation A screen is shown displaying the points with their coordinates stored in the point files selected in Step 1 On this list the station whose orientation is going to be computed should be selected es Desorientacion Selecci n de la estaci n Fic 2 N mero 453700 468 4473471 431 628 149 Nombre DETAL 4473471431 628 149 lecveeeeserssertscetsecteerserectenstertssesscessectesnsesessesersnsesetersesenseseseestsesseueseseestecerersesetssneserseeeseuesesersesereressecenenserersesecerseseressesensesesecsrassecerseaeesenearssaeseceesereeed 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 453718 866 453692 772 453
147. rvations which could take part in the least square computation of the point coordinates The station point Target point and the residual of the observation are shown If the standardized residual is greater than 3 29 it will be indicated with a mark You should erase this observation from computation to improve the accuracy i Final coordinates Coordinates resulting from applying a least square adjustment to all the observations that could help in the computation of the point coordinates This is just an informative step It is not necessary to select anything so you may go ahead with Step 6 Output Data Setup by pressing the button Next or we may turn back to Step 4 Computed Results by pressing the button if any change is necessary 5 5 6 Step 6 Output Data Setup This is the sixth and last step in the computation of 3 point resections A screen is shown with the computed final coordinates and the way to save them The following fields are shown i Final coordinates A list is displayed with the computed new points their coordinates and orientation al TopCal output file The TopCal file name where the points will be stored can be selected One of the existing points may be chosen or a new file generated If you wish to generate a new file you may or may not add it to the current project Toal l 0 i Adding new points lf the point file is not new the points with the same number lying in the chosen o
148. s a fast way of opening already generated projects J Exit It exits the application In the event an opening document had not been saved the program will query about it Menu Edit This menu contains the following commands l al L Undo It cancels the last operation 4 Redo It redoes the last cancelled operation de Cut lt copies the currently selected data to the Windows clipboard erasing them from the file Copy It copies the currently selected data to the Windows clipboard A Paste lt pastes the data of the Windows clipboard to the current file Select All TorLal2 Invert selection Erase Register lt puts an erasure mark on the actual register or on the selected registers Yb Retrieve Register It retrieves the selected erased registers Compact File It definitively deletes the registers with erasure mark from the file Renumber points Renumber observations Preferences It shows the application s general options Preferences of sketch lt shows the application s drawing general options Drawing Code List It shows the list of drawing codes ii Sketching Code List lt shows the list of automatic sketching codes oe Symbols Library Reference Systems a Topographic Instruments Link Point Files lt links a sketch file to the point files of the current project Toal l fd 4 3 Menu View This menu contains the following commands i
149. s selected the user will need to specify the kilometric error associated to the visuals in order to weigh them This value can be calculated with the tool Computation of random errors explained in the topic 6 26 TorLal21 010 At last it is also possible to list and save in ASCII format the equations of the process and the different matrix used for is resolution Compensaci n de redes por m nimos cuadrados Configuraci n de la red y listados de salida Tipo de visuales a incluir en el c lculo Direcciones Fijar una direcci n conocida en el c lculo Distancias Calcular factor de escala Indicar factor de escala ppm Y Altimetria Error altimetria 0 03 m ra z Km Listados adicionales de la compensaci n Listar ecuaciones de observaci n Listar ecuaciones normales Ecuaciones asc In this example you will see horizontal adjustment using direction and distance equations and the vertical adjustment using the kilometric error of 3cm Besides it will show the scale factor computation and will list the different equations used for each case Once the corresponding options have been selected one can push the button to access Step 4 Selection of observations or back to Step 2 Point selection by pressing on the button Topcal 21 User s manual Tools 147 5 13 4 Step 4 Selection of observations The forth step of the network adjustment is the selection of the observations the user wants to use
150. sas Residuos generados Punto calculado z Numi Num2 Res Tip Lectura Res SinP N mero 14 liv 1 258 165 8209 2 954 1 258 205 0019 2 982 1 174 115 8515 1 783 Precisiones obtenidas 1 360 340 9995 2 037 lt lt 0 560 50 5738 0 278 Desv Tipica 0 354 0 400 83 9097 0 930 0 400 55 2740 0 924 x 0 008 Y 0 006 Coordenadas finales x 435061 430 Y 4464701 067 A screen is shown displaying the observations used for the computation by least squares These are the fields offered i Point number A list is given with the different computed points Topcal 21 User s manual Tools 89 i Observations A list is shown with the different and observations which could take part in the least square computation of the point coordinates The station point Target point and the residual of the observation are shown If the standardized residual is greater than 3 29 it will be indicated with a mark You should erase this observation from computation to improve the accuracy i Final coordinates Coordinates resulting from applying a least Square adjustment to all observations that could help in the computation of the point coordinates This is just an informative step It is not necessary to select anything so you can carry on to Step 6 Output Data Setup by pressing the button Next or turn back to Step 4 Computed Results by pressing the button Back if any change wants to be made 5 4 6
151. se The different axes and errors of the closures obtained are shown In the event of not getting the expected results we can go back to previous steps to make the pertinent changes VA Poligonales 108 Cierre angular 0 0117 gon Cierre planim trico x 0 003 m Y 0 039 m Tol Total Tol 0 0089 gon Az 367 5893 167 5893 302 9878 102 9878 276 6458 76 6458 253 5229 53 5229 168 5846 368 5846 102 6945 Dr 179 979 179 981 113 397 113 398 150 676 150 678 169 789 169 791 158 448 158 445 73 328 Compensar Compensar Des 0 108 0 135 4 278 4 284 0 414 0 420 0 098 0 110 1 243 1 257 2 420 Ax 87 721 87 721 113 272 113 272 140 651 140 651 126 516 126 516 75 054 75 054 73 263 Resultados cierres y tolerancias Cierre altim trico Z Tol 0 005 m 0 020 m Compensar Ay 157 149 157 149 5 316 5 316 54 049 54 049 113 241 113 241 139 548 139 548 3 105 Az 0 121 0 121 4 281 4 281 0 417 0 417 0 104 0 104 1 250 1 250 2 412 M lt lt Anterior The information is constructed in the following fields i Angular closure Error of angular closure obtained when computing the traverse This error may be compensated in the different axes by activating the checkbox Compensate As this checkbox is activated or deactivated the data are immediately recalculated TopCal 21 User s ma
152. t lt Anterior 111 5 9 COGO Radial Survey This tool is of use to compute the coordinates of points sighted from another point or station of known coordinates In order to compute the triad of coordinates of unknown points horizontal angle vertical angle and distance are used The tool is constructed in four steps leading the user in the computation al Step 1 Enter Input Data Files wl Step 2 Point Selection al Step 3 Observation Selection al Step 4 Output Data Setup The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier 5 9 1 Step 1 Enter Input Data Files This is the first step in radial survey computation The data required are as follows al Point files The project s point files to be used in the radial survey should be selected i Observation files The projects observation files containing the observations used in the computation should be selected Toal l fd ASCII Output file The name of the ASCII output file should be written with the results of the computation This file can be viewed after the computation with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox located on the bottom named Show after computation lf we do not wish to create this file the checkbox appearing on the left of the name should be deactivated The file will be created in the project directory Ficheros de puntos Fic Nombre Sist Ref
153. t are related to the sketch This option will only be available if there is a current active sketch file l e Circle a U Square JI H Rectang l FEN Symbol 1 1 ZoomE It fits the view to see the current drawing document enhanced This option will only be available if there is a current active sketch file ZoomXY It centres the current window on a certain point or on certain coordinates This option will only be available if there is a current active sketch file l A Refresh It refreshes the window including the view of the current drawing document This option will only be available if there is a current active sketch file TorLal2 010 3 5 JJ Codes It shows the list of drawing codes l Skecth lt shows the list of automatic sketching codes J 2 SimbLib mal Sheet Toolbar Palette Paleta ET i Q fF t amp Puntero Info Zoom Centrar Zoom Y Mover V Borrar This toolbar consists of the following commands 1 amp Pointer This option is selected by default It has no specific function j 1 Info lt is of use to give information about the selected item The selection is made with the left button and then accepted With the right button the selection is cancelled or another entity may be searched for in the same location a Zoom It is of use to increase or decrease the size of the view With the left button the image is brought nearby with the right button it is
154. t on its circumference Topcal 21 User s manual Computations 175 fig TorLal2 Depending on whether one type of definition or another is selected the fields corresponding to those definitions will be activated or deactivated The fields displayed are as follows al Point list Point list of the current file i Data of circle 1 Definition Type of definition The possibilities and fields to be filled in are 3 points Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 2 points Point 1 Point 2 CentrejError Marcador no definido and Radius Centre Radius in meters CentrejError Marcador no definido and Point Centre Point of Circle Centre Computed Centre Radius Radius computed in meters i Data of circle 2 Definition Type of definition The possibilities and fields to be filled in are as follows 3 points Point 4 Point 5 Point 3 2 points Point 4 Point 5 Centre and Radius Centre Radius Centre and Point Centre Point of Circle Centre Computed Centre Radius Radius computed in meters TorLal2 010 al Results Solution 1 Solution 2 Point Error Marcador no definido number After having computed the intersection the selected solution can be saved in the point file with the point number indicated in the field PointjError Marcador no definido number by pressing the button Savel 6 5 Straight Line Circle Intersection C lculo de intersecci n de recta y c rculo x Y Z 433267 63
155. ta Capa de dibujo 18 sca The codes are on the field notes together with the observations made having the purpose of facilitating the office job of mapping workout After having finished with the definition the button Should be pressed to view the data or the button to exit the dialog box 8 4 2 Control Code Library In this dialog box an account appears of the existing control codes to automatically perform a sketch ih Librer a de c digos de control Modificar Inicio de secuencia A adir Fin de secuencia Inicio de curva Borrar Fin de curva Escala simbolo ea i Identificador Orientacion simbolo Escala y orientacion s Tipo de c digo Ayuda After having concluded the definition the button Should be pressed to view the data or the button Exit to exit the dialog box 8 5 Symbol library 8 6 Arrange Data Through this dialog box the point file or the observation file may be arranged in terms of any of their fields in an ascending or descending order N NO II A am pe aero E ge El ee Jser s manual viewing Options Toal l 0 24 Ordenar datos po Ordenar por OE Ascendente Descendente 8 7 Point File Properties ES Propiedades de archivo de puntos Informaci n b sica Nombre puntos pts N mero de puntos Dimensiones de la nube de puntos x Z M xima 446899 270 4471355 401 674 483 M nima 446417 770 44
156. tains all the commands referring to the editing of data with the spreadsheet viewing options of that data and the tools to manage reference systems and Surveying instruments For more information read topic 4 2 al Menu View Contains all the commands for the visualization of the tool bars icons of the files and properties of different objects For more information read topic 4 3 send 010 Menu Tools This menu contains the main tools for the pirate computations offered by the program For more information read topic 4 4 i Menu Computations Contains the different geometric computation that can be done with points such as operations with visuals coordinate transformations etc For more information read topic 4 5 1 Menu Drawing This menu contains the different commands used for the editing of field sketches and data For more information read topic 4 6 i Menu Help Contains the commands related with the help of the application and its tools For more information read topic 4 7 In the command bar the most commonly used commands for a fast execution can be easily reached They display an icon representing the corresponding function By lightly placing the mouse pointer on each icon the program will display the name of the associated command By pressing on the icon the command will be executed The included toolbars are Toolbar MainTool Toolbar TopCalTool Toolbar Coordinates Toolbar Drawing L L L L
157. the checkbox Show after computation is marked If the user doesn t want to create this file the checkbox on the left side of the name has to be unmarked The file will be created in the project directory Compensaci n de redes por m nimos cuadrados Introducir ficheros de datos de entrada Ficheros de puntos Fic Nombre Sist Ref Proyeccion Elipsoide 1 Vertices pts UTM 30 UTM Internacional Ficheros de visuales Fic Nombre Instrumento Prec Ang Prec Dist 1 Visuales obs Wild T 2 1 cc Fichero ASCII de resultados MMCC html v Visualizar despu s del c lculo In this case the only two files that were available were selected in both cases the reference system is UTM The output file will be HTML Once this data is entered one can press the button to proceed to Step 2 Point selection 142 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l 0 5 13 2 Step 2 Point selection This is the second step of the computation A window with the points and their coordinates from the selected files of Step 1 will be shown As mentioned earlier it is necessary to have approximate coordinates of the points in order to adjust them To calculate these coordinates the user should have used the rest of the computation tools that the program offers The list will show the following fields Fixed checkbox This checkbox indicates if the point is considered as accurate and fixed for planimetry and altimetry If t
158. the point does not currently have any coordinates therefore it is not stored in any file but there exist observations from or towards points with known coordinates i Point number ENH Coordinates i Name Selecci n de puntos Fijo Fic N mero Nombre 14 15 17 434773 210 Calcular desorientaciones de los puntos fijos Multiple points may be selected by using the key CTRL and pressing on the desired points with the left mouse button If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 95 ag TorLal2 1 Points ordered in ranges may also be selected by pressing the key SHIFT LOCK and the left mouse button on the limit points defining the range Also the buttons or may want to be used to select or not to select all points After the desired points have been selected the button can be pressed to carry on to Step 3 Observation Selection or we can turn back to Step 1 Enter Input Data Files by pressing the button Back 5 5 3 Step 3 Observation Selection This is the third step in the computation of 3 point resections A screen is shown displaying the observations stored in the observation files selected in Step 1 which the selected points in Step 2 take part of The list displayed contains the following fields l L L L L L File index lt indicates the observation file index where the observation is stored Station
159. the points will be stored can be selected One of the existing points may be chosen or a new file generated If we wish to generate a new file we may or may not want to add it to the current project i Adding new points If the point file is not new we may or may not want to modify the points with the same number lying in the chosen output file After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 4 Results closures and tolerances by pressing the button Back TorLal2 1 aig Configurar salida de datos N mero x Y Z Desor Nombre 10001 10002 10019 10017 10016 10021 10006 10007 10013 413960 835 413873 114 413759 841 413619 191 413492 675 413567 729 413640 992 413744 037 413834 761 4498098 327 4498255 476 4498260 792 4498206 743 4498093 503 4497953 955 4497950 850 4497790 543 4497648 269 Fichero TopCal de resultados poligonal pts iv Y Incluir en el proyecto actual Y Incluir en croquis Poligonal crq Poligonalcrg mi TERREN L nea de terreno TERREN L nea de terreno M TERREN L nea de terreno v es TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 875 251 875 372 879 652 880 069 880 173 881 422 879 011 876 687 878 644 Al a adir puntos nuevos 273 2538 352 0095 78 3644 144 3958 4 6135 130 2609 241 1348 380 6373 330 2348 No modificar puntos existentes Modificar puntos existentes l
160. the left of the name should be deactivated The file will be created in the project directory After having introduced these data the button can be pressed to carry on to Step 2 Point Selection 5 5 2 Ficheros de puntos TorLal2 Fic Nombre y ejerciciol pts 2 ejercicio 2 pts Sist Ref Cartesiano Lo UTM 30 Proyeccion Elipsoide Ninguna UTM Internacional Ficheros de visuales Fic Nombre 1 ejerciciol obs 2 ejercicio 2 0bs Instrumento Leica TC 1610 Leica TC 1610 Prec Ang Prec Dist 3 cc 3 mm 3 ppm 3 cc 3 mm 3 ppm Fichero de resultados Interseccion inversa html Step 2 Point Selection Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo This is the second step in the computation of 3 point resections A screen is shown displaying the points with coordinates stored in the point files selected in Step 1 as well as the points being sighted by those points or that sight them and whose observations are in the observation files selected in Step 1 The list displayed contains the following fields al Checkbox Fixed It indicates whether the point is or is not 94 other fixed activated or not activated A double click on the desired point with the left mouse button will accomplish one or the Topcal 21 User s manual Tools OE fg File index It indicates the index of the point file where the point is stored If this field is equal to O it means that
161. the observations used in the computation and the achieved accuracy This sketch will give the user an idea of how the accuracy has been distributed The fields that are shown are the following i Include in the sketch A list with the new calculated points their coordinates and their disorientation wl Include observations with the same units as the observations al Include horizontal error ellipsoids with the same units as the observations Include vertical accuracies Configurar croquis de dibujo Incluir en croquis croquis_red crq Incluir visuales Capa VISUAL L neas de visual M ia Incluir elipses de error planim tricas Exageraci n 1000 Capa ELIPSES Elipses de error m Incluir precisiones altim tricas Exageraci n 1000 Capa ALTI Precisi n altim trica x Cii lt lt Anterior Calcular To complete this example a sketch file will be generated with the name croquis_red crq where the lines that represent the observations can be seen These lines will be in the VISUAL layer and the horizontal error ellipsoids in the layer ELIPSES and they will be exaggerated a 1000 times for a better appreciation at last the vertical accuracies will be represented in the layer ALTI and are also exaggerated a 1000 for a better viewing Next you will see the graphic of the sketch representing the horizontal and vertical accuracies of the Least squares adjustment 168 TopCal
162. the profile annotation The program may generate two types of output files al A text file with the list of points making up the profile 1 A drawing file with the longitudinal profile and an annotation with the information relating to it Through the following dialog box a custom annotation may be made The size of the texts the profile annotation is going to contain can be indicated in this dialog box as well as the elements to be added if so desired It is also possible to change the code or layer where that annotation will be registered as well as the amount of profile information contained in the annotation and the height of the comparison plane alg 6 13 Cross sections TorCal2 Generaci n de perfiles transversales 10007 10008 10010 10011 10012 10013 10016 10017 10018 10019 10020 10021 10022 10023 10024 10025 Escalas Horizontal 1 1000 Vertical 1 500 Inserci n de nuevos perfiles Dimensiones Seleccionar puntos Alto Ancho Ficheros de salida Y ASCII Transversales asc m 4 Dibujo Transversales bin m Presentaci n gr fica Informaci n perfil This tool is of use to compute cross sections made up of a set of points stored in a TopCal point file or stored in a text file where the height and the distance to the axis of the different points had been stored 190 TopCal 21 User s manual Computations Toal l 0 The program disp
163. tity would be grey and it would have a default weight The listed codes may refer to texts or lines and the line weight colour and style may be itemized NewjError Marcador no definido codes may be added or any of the existing ones edited or deleted The codes stored in the table DIGI TAB belonging to the DIGI program may also be loaded To do that press the button Digi Tabl TogCal21 4 Lista de codigos C digo Manco Mancuto Mica Mi coras Mi cruz WB oistan Merror Mescala DO Finas Es Rojo F T E Cc T E C E C E T E Cantidad de c digos 63 Aceptar Estilo S lida S lida S lida S lida S lida L neas S lida S lida S lida S lida S lida Werde Azul Grosor Nuevo Borrar Nemotecnico Observaciones angular Observaciones angulares Cajetin Texto de cota de punto Simbolo de punto Lineas de cuneta Capa vegetal Observaciones de dista Observaciones de dista Texto de escala Curva de nivel fina Editar The changes made will only be valid if the button is pressed to exit 8 3 2 Code NewiError Marcador no definido Drawing This dialog box shows the following fields to be filled in l CodejError Marcador no definido name The name of the new code should be given If not new the existing one should be edited Type of entity lt may be line or text Weight A line weight between 1 and 10 should be itemized LinejError Ma
164. tment has been completed and the results have been shown on screen the next step is dedicated to a statistical test Baarda test that will allow the user to check the goodness of the observations that have been used in the computations Besides the user will also be informed of the standard deviation of the adjustment that will also help to evaluate the goodness of fit This test detects possible gross errors in observations by means of a dimensionless value called standardized residual If this value exceeds a threshold of 3 29 it can be assumed that the observation is erroneous with a probability of 99 9 In the process of erroneous observation elimination it is recommended to eliminate them one by one starting by the one that has the worst standardized residual since one observation can easily affect the observations of its surroundings This process can be done manually going back to Step4 and unmark the worst observation or by clicking on the Remove worst where the program detects which is the worst and removes it from the selection The result of the statistical test will be presented in a list with the following fields al Station i TargetjError Marcador no definido point Toal l 0 i Standard deviation of the observation with the same units as the observations i Standard deviation of the residual with the same units as the observations i Not weighted residual calculated with the new calculated
165. ual Tools 131 5 11 5 Step 5 Transformed Points and Output This is the fifth and last step in the computation of transformation The following fields are shown al List of transformed non common points A list of the remainder of points belonging to system 2 is displayed with the coordinates assigned and already transformed into system 1 On this list it is possible to select the points that will be transformed and stored i TopCal output file The name of the TopCal file where the points will be stored can be selected One of the existing points may be chosen or a new file generated If we want to generate a new file we may or may not want to add it to the current project i Adding new points If the point file is not new we may or may not modify the points with the same number lying in the chosen output file TorLal2 1 010 Fichero TopCal de resultados Al a adir puntos nuevos Transformados pts No modificar puntos existentes Y Incluir en el proyecto actual si Modificar puntos existentes After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 4 Transformation parameters by pressing the button Back Topcal 21 User s manual Tools 133 5 12 Generate observations This tool is of use to generate a field notebook starting from a set of known coordinated points In other words it is the opposite of radial surve
166. ually or computed by the program These three fields are numerical and admit decimals The coordinates are referred to the coordinate system defined in the file and in the same units i Orientation lt is the angular orientation either entered manually or computed by the program in the theodolite total Station at the time of establishing a station on that point This value is entered in the same angle units as defined in the file i Name Alphanumerical name of the point Code Code registered on the field belonging to the geographic entity the point is a part of In order to know which codes are registered in the work session look up the dialog box Code library at section 8 4 1 ag TorLal2 1 It will be possible for you to choose the fields you want to see in the current view For that purpose go to the dialog box Preferences in the Menu Edit When the user decides to create a new point file the application will show the following dialog box where you can specify the coordinate system to which the coordinates of the points are referred and the units for the rest of the fields 2 Fichero de puntos nuevo E Sistema de referencia Nombre Proyecci n UTM 29 UTM UTM 31 UTM UTM 30 UTM Cartesiano Local Ninguna Unidades Lineales metros Angulares Internacional Hayford Internacional Hayford Internacional Hayford Elipsoide Nuevo y r i i i Centesimal w Cancelar
167. utation The units are meters If there was no approximate value for the H coordinate the program will use value that coincides with the height of the point i H Accuracy This is the achieved accuracy for the Height coordinate in meters By clicking on the heading of the list it is possible to rearrange the columns from ascending to descending values Desplazamientos y precisiones altim tricos lt lt Anterior If the accuracy of a point could not be calculated due to lack of redundancy the symbol will appear in that field 162 Topcal 21 User s manual Tools Toal l fd This is an informative window the user is not expected to do any action but to decide to either go to the next step Step 10 Results of the vertical Baarda test by clicking on the button or go back to the previous step which is Step 8 Weights and residuals of the vertical observations by clicking on the button 5 13 11 Step 10 Results of the vertical Baarda test Once the adjustment has been completed and the results have been presented the next step is dedicated to the statistical Baarda test which will allow the user to check the goodness of the observations that have taken part of the computation Besides the standard deviation of the adjustment will be shown with which the goodness of fit can be appreciated The Baarda test will detect gross errors in observations by using a dimensionless value called
168. utput file may or may not be modified After having set up the output data the process may be finished by pressing the button Computel or we may turn back to Step 5 Generated Residuals by pressing the button Back dy Intersecciones inversas Configurar salida de datos N mero x Y Z Desor Nombre 14 435061 430 4464701 067 0 000 169 2364 Fichero TopCal de resultados Al a adir puntos nuevos Inte rseccion pts ls Incluir en el proyecto actual lt lt Anterior Calcular i 5 6 Hansen s problem 101 TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 5 7 2 point resection 5 8 Traverses This tool is of use to compute and compensate topographic traverses Traverses may have an axis or several of them and they may be closed loop closed in between two stations of known coordinates and Orientations or open The tool is constructed in four steps leading the user in the computation al Step 1 Enter Input Data Files wl Step 2 Point Selection i Step 3 Comparison of distances and height differences al Step 4 Results closures and tolerances l Step 5 Output Data Setup 5 8 1 Step 1 Enter Input Data Files This is the first step to compute traverses The data required are as follows Point files The project s point files to be used in the traverse should be selected TogCal21 fig i Observation files The projects observation files containing the observ
169. well as the points which are sighted from these points or that sight those points whose observations are in the observation files selected in Step 1 The list shown contains the following fields Checkbox Fixed This checkbox indicates whether the point is fixed or not To activate it or deactivate it double click with the left mouse button on the desired point 84 Topcal 21 User s manual Tools JOE File index lt indicates the index of the point file where the 00 point has been stored If this field is equal to 0 it means that the point does not currently have any coordinates therefore it is not stored in any file but there exist observations from or towards points with known coordinates i Point number i ENH Coordinates i Name Multiple points may be selected using the key CTRL and pressing the left mouse button on the desired points If an already selected point is pressed it will be cancelled TopCal Fijo Fic 1025 10001 10002 Ol O Ol M O M Og Y O M Y O O O O N mero x 0 000 413960 835 413873 107 413623 085 413492 682 413619 188 413698 345 FERID pas 0 000 4498098 327 4498255 480 4497717 639 4498093 492 4498206 742 4497995 905 nee 795 Calcular desorientaciones de los puntos fijos 21 User s manual Tools Z 0 000 875 251 875 373 877 886 880 227 880 068 877 267 879 653 Nombre Jj 85
170. wer by activating the checkbox on the bottom named Show after computation lf we do not wish to create this file the checkbox appearing on the left of the name should be deactivated The file will be created in the project directory TogCal21 fig 2 Transformaci n Seleccionar ficheros de ambos sistemas Ficheros de puntos Ficheros sistema 1 ED 50 pts Fic Nombre Sist Ref Local pts 4 WGS84 prueba Cartesiano Local Transformacion pts Ficheros sistema 2 Fic Nombre Sist Ref 5 ED 50 prueba pts UTM 30 Fichero ASCII de resultados Transformacion html Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo After having introduced these data the button can be pressed to carry on to Step 2 Common Points to Both Systems 5 11 2 Step 2 Common Points to Both Systems This is the second step in the computation of transformation A screen is shown with the common points to both systems belonging to the point files selected in Step 1 The points with which the transformation will be carried out should be selected On the bottom of the dialog box the type of transformation to be carried out is indicated i Helmert 2 dimensions TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 127 iQ L L L L L L L l TogCal21 Helmert 3 dimensions Helmert 2 dimensions centroid Helmert 3 dimensionsjError Marcador no definido centroid Affine 2 dimensions Affine 2 dimensions centroid Translation EN
171. y The tool is constructed in 4 steps leading the user in the computation Step 1 Enter Input Data files wl Step 2 Station Setup ai Step 3 Target point Selection al Step 4 Output Data Setup The user may move from step to step forward and backward modifying the data or the selections making the computation easier TogCal21 fig 5 12 1 Step 1 Enter Input Data files This is the first step to generate observations The data required are as follows Point files The project s point files to be used should be selected ASCII Output file The name of the ASCII output file should be written with the results of the computation This file can be viewed after the computation with the assigned viewer by activating the checkbox on the bottom named Show after computation lf we do not wish to create this file the checkbox on the left of the name should be deactivated The file will be created in the project directory Generar libreta de campo Ficheros de puntos Fic Nombre Sist Ref Proyecci n Elipsoide l radia pts Cartesiano L Ninguna Archivo ASCII de resultados Libretanueva html Y Visualizar despu s del c lculo After having introduced these data the button can be pressed to carry on to Step 2 Station Setup TopCal 21 User s manual Tools 135 5 12 2 Step 2 Station Setup This is the second step to generate observations A screen is shown giving the points w

TopCal 21 User`s manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents