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User Manual EX_PRESS 5

1. 57 See Expression EXTERN ccccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeees 28 33 EXTERN VAR_INPUT 00 33 EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT 33 F Utter eisirean enie aas 12 Frame structure of a program 24 Function 0 0 0 See FUNCTION FUNCTION 0 cccccceees 25 62 66 A l A siete 2s te E E E T 64 Declaration nmissssssssiserisirisosisorsssrsss 63 Parameter ss osesiisrersiisirisitsarsinias 62 Return value ececcceeeeeeeees 63 Variables annoia aean 25 Function call cccececeeeeeeeeees 58 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 0 241 9105010 Fax 49 0 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de List of terms l Identifier 26 See Identifier IF59 Information Window ccccceeees 20 nst Nssnsunenunnnnnenmanus 58 MIN fe AE E E E 30 L LADTALY ngeenei 26 See Library Standard lib cceeeeeseeees 102 M MESSAGE sccresiniies 29 31 43 Output string sses 43 44 Modifier cremnnenn See Modifier EXTERN cccceeceeesssessessseeseeenees 28 N Number format 56 O OF EE E EE E AT 61 Operators oo eee cece eee eeeeeeeeeee 57 P Programming Tool 13 Project Manager n 5 Property CLK sioune nn 51 53 56 BNABL Eisscesscccsctucsecscrosessceeed dunes 52 MODE ssrin einst 52 PO aE 52 1 ee ee 51 IRESE a E 52 Start Value cccccccccessseseseeeeees 53 108 WIDTH PA hes fae ceccietiees 53 S
2. All the temporary files generated while compiling and fitting are deleted from the project directory Only the source code file structured text and the target file XSVF file for downloading in the PLC are retained By right clicking on the PLC type you can subsequently modify the target system ZX20T or ZX20AT can be set If you right click on the name of the source code file the context menu item Import PLC opens With this command you can replace the existing source code with the source code of another file ATTENTION This operation cannot be undone H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 10 1 3 The source code editor If you double click on the name of a source code file in the Device Manager the corresponding source code opens in the editor You can now edit the source code in the editor window If multiple PLCs are available in the active project multiple source code files can also be opened simultaneously for editing These are opened in the source code editor in different tabs You can switch between the individual source codes by clicking on the corresponding tab at the upper edge of the editor window 1 3 1 Functions and features of the editor For increasing the legibility of a source code in the structured text the editor has got the feature Syn
3. COUNT_SIGNAL 100 The example makes use of the function defined in section 2 7 1 for incrementing up to the limit value here 100 2 8 Additional conditions for code development in ST16 Apart from the syntactic elements and their semantics it is important to observe further conditions in ST16 for a successful code development The reason for this is found in the executing hardware of the PLCs for which ST16 has been optimised Additional conditions include four subjects which must be observed very important Concurrency and single assignment to variables As already described all instructions are interpreted in the main program in such a way that they are executed parallel to each other independent of the sequence in the program code This also means that a value may be assigned to a variable only at one place in the main program because the assignment at multiple places would be competitive This concept is called Single Assignment A variable assignment is said to be single if a conditional statement IF CASE includes only one assignment per branch but multiple ones in several branches Since at most one branch is active within the scope of a conditional statement during runtime there is no competition here Violation of this Single Assignment rule will lead to an error message of the compiler On the other hand within the scope of a function the sequence of the assignments is considered and executed as the
4. END_FUNCTION The definition starts with the keyword FUNCTION and ends with END_FUNCTION FUNCTION defines the name of the function a string corresponding to the naming rules for identifiers see section 2 2 1 and the return value a data type for data related variable types This is followed by the declaration of the variables used In this section the input variables input parameters for a function call are declared via VAR_INPUT END_VAR whereby this sequence also determines the sequence in the function call As the second variable type VAR or VAR_INTERN is allowed the variables declared here can be used within the function and only here In the instruction section any instructions can be used with the exception of function calls As a difference to the main program the sequence of instructions is relevant here multiple assignments can also be made to a variable In any case the return value must be defined here This takes place via the following assignment lt function_name gt lt constant gt lt var_name gt lt expression gt H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 61 Example of a function FUNCTION count UINT VAR_INPUT Counter_Value limit UINT END_VAR VAR_INTERN Next_Value UINT END_VAR IF Count
5. which also contains a loss monitoring facility The PLC Ernie sends a change signal 1 bit every 200 ms with changing value which is received by the PLC Bert This signal is stored twice so as to achieve a pulse delay in the prevalent signal and in the saved signal and thereby detect the change on the application side The actual failure identification is implemented as timeout For this a timer is used in the SINGLE_SHOT mode which is always reset restarted if the received and saved signal do not match If a long time has elapsed since the last transmission the timeout takes effect and the communication loss is detected However few marginal conditions must be considered Thus few seconds 3 to 10 s depending upon the configuration can pass until the booting of the PLC of its micro controller and until the communication via network switches takes place which have to be bridged with a second timer Moreover it is important to attend the communication frequency which is currently 4 per second one package every 250 ms At 200 ms stable time of a value to be transferred and 250 ms time between 2 transmissions it is possible that the value is transferred but no new value is received by the recipient this is interpreted as a communication loss by the recipient As a counter measure a longer timeout period is selected accordingly Here is the source code first for Ernie PROGRAM Ernie transmits PLC_N
6. 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 38 timer_one_shot POL LOW timer_one_shot shows the value 0 during the run 1 when disabled Finally please note that the variable of the TIMER type can be used in programs as a read only BIT variable E g it is possible to directly use the value of a timer as a clock signal or also as a BIT value An example of read only application VAR_OUTPUT Pulse AT Out_11 END_VAR Pulse timer_one_shot In this example the One Shot Timer declared above is given out directly at an output 2 2 5 2 VAR_COUNTER Counters are identical to the timers mentioned in the previous section the only difference is that they are not assigned to a clock source You can assign a value to a counter in the same way as a timer however without a time unit this is the start value The same parameters are available i e the polarity the ENABLE and the RESET signal as well as the MODE CONT or CONT_SE or SINGLE_SHOT or SINGLE_SHOT_SE In addition to this a clock signal must be assigned which continues the counting at positive edges 0 1 The last assignment only reserved for counters is lt Counter_var gt CLK lt bit_variable gt An example VAR_COUNTER enti END_VAR VAR_INPUT X_1 X_3 END_VAR entl ENABLE cnt1 RESET X_3 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut
7. Ql Q2 Q3 Q04 Q5 Q6 Q8 097 010 Q117 0127 Q13 END_VAR VAR_ALIAS QOut Q014 O13 Q012 Q11 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 QO END_VAR Q15 Q9 Q8 Q7 This is followed by the instruction part X is clocked with a period of 250 ms X CLK Q15 CLK timerl timerl H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de Q6 65 2 The programming language ST16 66 The algorithm for the pseudo random number generator is described below x SHL X QOut X Q15 NOT Q15 IF QOut 0 XO 1 ELSIF Q14 1 XO 1 ELSIF Q14 0 XO 1 ELSE XO 0 END_IF 1 XO THEN AND Q7 AND Q7 Shift and Feedback THI Gl Z THI Gl Z Now the configuration of the timer timerl ENABLE timerl timerl timerl timerl MOD RES Pi POL ET END_PROGRAM 1 p on reset CONT_SE HIGH 250ms E Saturating increment decrement The following example shows the use of a function for a rather complicated calculation In this function a transferred value count_value is incremented or decremented depending on whether the parameter up_down is at 1 increment or 0 decrement The increment decrement function is executed till a first upper u
8. Timers and counters can be used in two modes of operation single shot with repeat option via RESET and continuous The mode of operation also called mode is configured here H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 51 2 3 2 6 Assignment of a polarity to a timer or counter lt tim_count_name gt POL HIGH LOW The polarity assigned to a timer or counter determines the status which this timer counter returns at a read access after enabling This is the definition for the timer or counter operating in the SINGLE_SHOT mode of operation For a timer counter in the CONT mode the polarity specifies the status with which the counting begins After the first half the value switches to the other polarity so that the same edge low high when POL HIGH occurs at every underflow the timer or counter then begins again with the start value 2 3 2 7 Assignment of a counting signal clock to a counter lt counter_name gt CLK lt bit_signal_name gt While a timer is always clocked with the internal 2 MHz clock and therefore is configured with a time value a counter must always be combined with a counting signal so that counting can take place during positive edges of this signal The assigned signal must be of the BIT type If this configuration is missing the C
9. lt time_value gt Here the debounce time was specified twice This error message also appears if an ALIAS variable is assigned a debounce time and at least one of the combined variables has already been assigned even if the time is the same Please remove this definition of the debounce time H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 95 E651 AD converter is already defined The AD converter connection AIn_01 AIn_08 was used twice Please select different connections for the AD converter or let the connections be distributed by the compiler E652 DA converter is already defined The DA converter connection AOut_01 AOut_04 was used twice Please select different connections for the DA converter or let the connections be distributed by the compiler E661 Function is already defined A function is defined by specifying its name and the return type The error message was generated because a second function of the same name was generated Please check the function definitions and give it a unique name E701 Timer and counter definition only possible outside of FUNCTION An attempt was made within a function to declare a timer or counter VAR_COUNTER VAR_TIMER This is only allowed in the main program Please relocate the declaration into the main program E711
10. of slow execution of the code can be definitely ruled out Functions are defined i e their contents are described after the USELIB USES instructions but before the main part of the program initiated with PROGRAM Then the declaration of the functions used in the main part takes place in the variable declaration section of the main part The definition of a function has the following syntax frame FUNCTION lt function name gt lt return value gt The section for declaration of variables The instruction section END_FUNCTION At the first glance this frame appears identical with the frame for the main part of the program and to a large extent it is identical However there are a few differences which must be observed e Ina function the types of variables which can be declared are limited to VAR_INPUT and VAR or VAR_INTERN VAR_INPUT declares the call parameters VAR or VAR_INTERN includes the internally used variables There are no global variables which the main part as well as the functions can know i e the function knows only those values of the main program which have been transferred as call parameters and the main program knows only the return value returned by the function e Within the scope of a function values can be assigned to a variable of class VAR or VAR_INTERN at several places whereas in the main part this can only be done at one place Single Assignment Rule As a res
11. Configurable properties e CLK Synchronisation with a clock signal edge o RE Reset signal asynchronous reset set to 0 without clock edge 2 3 1 5 VAR VAR_INTERN Permitted data types e BIT BOOL e BIT_ARRAY e DINT INT SINT e UINT USINT Configurable properties e CLK Synchronisation with a clock signal edge o RE Reset signal asynchronous reset set to 0 without clock edge 2 3 1 6 VAR_ALIAS Permitted data types e BIT_ARRAY implicit Configurable properties e CLK Synchronisation with a clock signal edge if the variable type of the original variables allows this o RE Reset signal asynchronous reset set to 0 without clock edge if the variable type of the original variables allows this H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 48 2 3 1 7 VAR_TIMER Permitted data types e TIMER implicitly given works in the application in a read only manner as BIT Configurable properties ENABLE Boolean value for enabling or disabling the timer RESET Reset signal Boolean value for restarting the timer MODE Mode of operation mode of the timer Single shot SINGLE_SHOT single shot with edge at the beginning SINGLE_SHOT_SE continuous CONT or continuous with edge at the beginning CONT_SE POL Value specification HIGH LO
12. E612 Too many external output variables The total sum of the bits of the external output variables EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT for a PLC is maximum 32 this number was exceeded Please reduce the number of external output variables E621 Timer Counter value too large The maximum value that can be configured as the start value for a timer or counter is 30 minutes or 1800000000 events This value was exceeded Please select a smaller configuration value if your application needs longer waiting times or counting functions you can combine a timer and a counter accordingly E622 Timer Counter has no value A count value must be specified for every timer or counter this is done with lt Name gt lt Value gt where a time value timer or count value must be entered as value This specification was forgotten please re enter H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 92 E623 Timer Counter must have an enable signal definition An Enable signal must be defined for the timer or counter in any case This can also be set to the constant 1 in that case the timer is started immediately Such an assignment to the timer counter property ENABLE has not been made please assign an ENABLE signal to the timer counter E623 Timer Counter must have a reset signal definition A Reset signal
13. Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 20 1 8 2 Show and hide toolbar icons The toolbar has got four sections see Sondard Fig 10 which can either be shown eCaessae or hidden You can navigate in the View menu in the sub menu sci Toolbar and show or hide the l E wo mas D corresponding fields of the toolbar Info by clicking the entries available O there Standard Window Info prseans and Process y og Fig 10 Toolbar fields 1 8 3 Open and close the information window As known from Windows all information windows see section 1 7 can be closed and hidden by clicking the x button in the upper right corner with the mouse You can open the closed information windows via the menu View sub menu Windows or with the icons of the toolbar section Window see Fig 10 An exception is the Error Messages window which opens automatically only if an error or a severe warning occurred at the time of compiling 1 8 4 Rearrangement of the information windows It might be reasonable to change the default window layout of the user interface after the installation for example while using a wide screen monitor 16 9 format etc or while working with 2 monitors The information windows see section 1 7 can be removed from their fixed location and moved anywhere To move a window hold the mouse pointer on the title bar of the window
14. Return value USINT Parameters SINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of a short integer value 8 bit with sign in an unsigned short integer value 8 bit without sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information SINT_TO_DINT SINT Complete name Short Integer to Double Integer Return value DINT Parameters SINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of a short integer value 8 bit with sign in a double integer value 32 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information DINT_TO_UINT DINT Complete name Double Integer to Unsigned Integer Return value UINT Parameters DINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of a double integer value 32 bit with sign in an unsigned integer value 16 bit without sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information DINT_TO_SINT DINT Complete name Double Integer to Short Integer Return value SINT Parameters DINT H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 4 Functions in standard lib 102 Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of a double integer value 32 bit with sign in a short integer value 8 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information DINT_TO_USINT DIN
15. an attempt was made to set the clock condition assignment of a clock for saving a variable value or set Output Enable condition twice This can happen accidentally because for instance the variable is a part of an ALIAS declaration and now apparently the clock is assigned to two different variables original one and ALIAS Please check if the variable is an ALIAS or part of an ALIAS or if you have assigned a clock twice to a variable E134 OE conditions can only be defined for outputs An attempt was made to set an Output Enable condition for a variable or a connection which does not correspond to an output E135 A reset condition was already defined for this variable In the source code an attempt was made to set the reset condition twice resetting the variable value to 0 E g this can happen accidentally because the variable is a part of an ALIAS declaration and now apparently the reset condition is assigned to two different variables original and ALIAS Please check if the variable is an ALIAS or part of an ALIAS or if you have assigned a reset condition twice to a variable H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 86 E138 Configuration only possible outside IF or CASE An attempt was made to specify a variable property such as CLK RE etc within an IF or CASE struct
16. analogue 40 42 DAC area eei a 41 ZX20T Connection names cccceeee 32 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de
17. and ELSIF and the included condition must be followed by THEN like this IF lt condition gt THEN This THEN has been left out or has not been written correctly E032 END_IF expected The IF statement must be concluded with an END_IF but it was not found till the END_PROGRAM Please complete it E033 OF missing For the CASE statement the keyword CASE must be followed by the variable to be evaluated and then the keyword OF like this H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 81 CASE lt Var_Name gt OF This OF has been left out or has not been written correctly E034 END_CASE expected The CASE statement must be closed with an END_CASE Please complete it E035 ELSIF without previous IF E036 ELSE without previous IF E037 END_IF without previous IF The compiler has found a component of the IF statement but the opening IF is missing Please check the lines before the error message E038 END_CASE without previous CASE The Compiler has found an END_CASE without a previous CASE Please check if there is a write error or if there is a subsequent error E039 No label allowed here Labels i e structures followed by a colon are only allowed for the CASE statement E040 Label for CASE missing For the CASE statement a label i e a constant must be inserted followed by
18. combinations e g lt are only allowed to be used as operators E015 Identifier unknown or reserved keyword An identifier which was not declared before was used and is therefore unknown to the Compiler Please check the source code for any write errors or declare the identifier before use H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 80 E021 missing The definition of BIT variables which are combined to ALIAS variables is written in a pair of brackets The closing bracket is missing here E022 T missing The definition of BIT variables which are combined to ALIAS variables is written in a pair of brackets The opening bracket is missing here E023 Too many found The number of closing brackets is more than the number of opening brackets The compiler does not ignore this since the parentheses affect the semantics of the lines E024 missing The number of opening brackets is more than the number of closing brackets The compiler does not ignore this since the parentheses affect the semantics of the lines E025 missing A semi colon at the end of a program line is missing Please insert it E026 missing A colon at the end of a label is missing e g within the CASE statement Please insert it E031 THEN missing In the IF statement the IF
19. functions which are also called peripheral related variables These variables generally do not merely contain data but also effect an additional function The data related variables in detail The variable types VAR_INPUT VAR_OUTPUT and VAR or VAR_INTERN called VAR in the 61131 3 standard have a simple meaning They describe inputs outputs and internal variables With the help of VAR_ALIAS called VAR_ARRAY in EX_PRESS V4 a group declaration is framed which also includes a new name and a list of already declared variables maximum 16 of the type BIT or BOOL in square H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 28 brackets A group declaration assigns a new collective name to a group of already declared pins or internal variables with the data type BIT_ARRAY The lt Modifier gt in the general declaration format specifies a modification of the variable class The only permitted modifier so far is EXTERN with which the variable types VAR_INPUT and VAR_OUTPUT can be assigned In that case the variables turn into so called global variables which are distributed all over the network VAR_OUTPUT or are read from distribution packets on the network VAR_INPUT 2 2 2 2 Variable types with peripheral functions In ZX20T and ZX20AT many approx 2000 timers and counters can be de
20. isctds csscssetesh dives iadaviassins 49 VAR_COUNTER eee 29 39 PrOPOrties 5 22 5255 lateses cises seeeive tte 50 VAR DAC eiren ara 30 41 WIDTH nisin aes 42 VARGINPUT ceciren 27 32 EXTERN oesecsseace tia tianteitees 33 Properties 2 0 eeeeeeeeceseeeeseeeeneeeeees 47 VAR_INTERN neriesi 27 Properties siessen 48 49 VAR INTERN 1 eee eres 34 VAR_MESSAGE ee 29 43 Properties usses 51 VAR OUTPUT tissestscscsates aeseses 27 32 EXTERN oeren 33 Properties issos 48 VAR TIMER sessir sucses 28 36 PropertieSissmoinpesscinrni 49 Variable caniin ann 26 Declarations 0 cceeeeeeeseeeeeeeees 27 Variable type esceescesseeenreeeneeeeee 27 Data related eee eeeeeeeneeeeneeeees 27 MOCO seiesima 28 Peripheral related 28 35 PropettieS sisinio 47 VAR srep ai eels 34 VAR_ADG cies 29 40 VAR_ALIAS 0 ee eeeeeeeees 28 35 VAR_COUNTER oseese 29 39 VAR DAC ooreen 30 41 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de List of terms VAR_INPUT cata conte neteeicts 27 VAR_INTERN ee 27 34 VAR_MESSAGE 29 43 VAR_OUTPUT eee 27 VAR_TIMER oeer 28 36 WwW Whitespace sssissreiesiesssecissssie 24 WIDTH eccrine 41 42 WORD bad ccetsescescsieseevedacceui renis 30 110 Z ZX20AT ADC a E 2 xos tec cke 40 Connection names cccceeeeee 32 Connection names
21. kaaman a Naaa a 106 USTO IOTMS srein R TE 107 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 5 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 The EX_PRESS 5 Program Development System offers a software package which facilitates the creation of user programs for the ZANDER PLCs ZX20T and ZX20AT An integrated development environment IDE provides a graphical user interface with which you can select all the modules essential for software development in the programming language Structured Text These modules are Project Manager Device Manager Editor with syntax highlighting for the Structured Text Compiler Fitter Programming Tool Given below is a precise description of these modules and their operation through the user interface 1 1 The Project Manager The Project Manager enables you to handle a Boon PLC project easily Depending upon the File Edit Compite Programming application one or more PLCs of the type ZX20T Hs ie Pe ae ipen Project trie and or ZX20AT can be part of a project each of New PLC which is allotted an individual user program i Open The functions of the Project Manager are available in the File menu see Fig 1 above and include the menu items New Project Open Project and Close Project You can also select these
22. keep the left mouse key pressed and simultaneously move the mouse To position the freely moving window release the mouse key in the desired position even on the extended Desktop of the second monitor H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 21 A window can also be detached when tabs are used In this case the currently active tab can be changed to a separate window by clicking and moving its title bar see also Fig 11 YC Ro nmh es Ho Network Variables 8x Input Variables Output Variables possible Sources Type amp Size K Compile rit Programming PLC Output Window Error Messages Messages Preview Fig 11 Detaching an information window from a group of tabs If the detached window shall again form a group of tabs with another window or shall be integrated into a group of tabs it should be slowly moved over the corresponding window or group until this is coloured see Fig 12 After releasing the left mouse key the window is integrated in the group of tabs H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 22 Network Variables P Input Variables possible Sources Compile
23. not start it with the keyword VARFUNC but select another word instead Please start the definition of the value output with VARFUNC always E604 Variable inside string is not defined While defining the output string which the PLC has to create upon the occurrence of a corresponding condition you have used a variable which is not defined Please check the syntax of the message string on unknown variables H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 91 E605 Too less digits defined error Here more digits must be given out in the value output than the number of variables defined i e there is a discrepancy between the format of the output and the corresponding variables Please ensure that the output format and number of bit variables which make up the value match E606 Too many user defined variables in string An output string which should be given out for an event may have maximum 6 variable values bit arrays independent of the number of value specifications This number was exceeded Please restrict the number of variables to 6 E611 Too many external input variables The total sum of the bits of the external input variables EXTERN VAR_INPUT for a PLC is maximum 128 this number was exceeded Please reduce the number of external input variables
24. or AOut_XX but an incorrect number e g Out_310 Please select a valid number E207 Wrong symbol for pin A symbolic representation not only a number was selected for the connection but not the permitted one i e AOuz_xx or also IN_xx please pay attention to the uppercase lowercase of the allowed names Please select a corresponding valid name Valid names are For ZX20T In_01 to In_20 Out_01 to Out_16 For ZX20AT In_01 to In_12 Out_01 to Out_12 AlIn_01 to AIn_08 AOut_01 to AOut_04 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 89 E211 No more inputpins available E212 No more outputpins available E213 No further AD connectors available E214 No further DA connectors available The meaning of these error messages is simple All connections of the corresponding type were assigned but one more is necessary You can define connections in the source code VAR_INPUT VAR_OUTPUT VAR_ADC VAR_DAC without giving it a concrete connection In such a situation the compiler accepts this and distributes the remaining connections itself whereby however the mentioned fault occurs An easy troubleshooting operation is not possible here simply because the number of physical connections has been exceeded E231 No pin assignment possible for internal variables An attemp
25. programming language ST16 36 An example timer_ex 20 us timer_one_shot 500 ms Timer mode In ST16 timers can be configured for two modes for the single shot operations SINGLE_SHOT SINGLE_SHOT_SE as well as for two continuous modes CONT CONT_SE In the continuous modes the timer finally generates an oscillation signal with an oscillation period that corresponds to the configured time value So half of the time period this variable shows the value 0 the other half the value 1 The difference between the two continuous modes or between the two modes in the single shot operation lies exclusively in the starting behaviour In the CONT or SINGLE_SHOT mode the value which corresponds to the configured polarity and thereby to the first half of the generated oscillation signal is assumed in the event of an active reset see below On the other hand in the CONT_SE or SINGLE_SHOT_SE mode SE Starting Edge the reset value corresponds to the inverted polarity so that an edge is created when counting begins since the counter assumes the configured polarity value in the first phase of counting The mode is assigned via the configuration of the parameter MODE lt timer_var gt MODE lt Conf_value gt with the permitted configuration values CONT CONT_SE SINGLE_SHOT and SINGLE_SHOT_SE An example timer_ex MODE CONT timer_one_shot MODE SINGLE_SHOT The timer_ex timer has a period of 20 us corresponding to an oscill
26. rit J Programming PLC Fig 12 Integration of information windows in the group of tabs The information windows can also be adjusted next to one another lower part of the user interface or below each other left and right part For this purpose the window to be adjusted must be slowly moved to the position where it has to be fitted till a coloured gap opens see Fig 13 When the left mouse key is released the window is fitting into this gap Process Window Compile rit Programming PLC Output Window Fig 13 Adjusting an information window All the adaptations of the user interface that are described in this section are saved without any query while closing EX_PRESS 5 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 23 2 The programming language ST16 The topic Structured Text is dealt with in eight sections and two examples given below A short description of the overall structure of a ST16 program is given in the first section A detailed description is given in section 2 2 and the subsequent sections 2 1 General information about the Structured Text 2 1 1 The main program ST16 generally represents a subset of the Structured Text ST language which has been defined for the special compiling requirements of FPGA complia
27. structure via the line OF lt constant1 constant2 gt for which the following rows must be executed The number of constants is currently restricted to 10 as this number was exceeded the rest of the constants were omitted Please reduce the number of constants by e g specifying two OF contructs with the respective constants or using an IF statement W101 Invalid PLC type found No or an invalid PLC type was found in the source code statement PLC_TYPE ZX20T etc The PLC type set in the device manager is used H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 75 W102 PLC type inside text and Compiler setting is inconsistent Compiler settings are chosen A PLC type was found in the source code which deviates from the type set in the Compiler or project device manager The type set in the project is used W111 No assignment to variable lt variable_name gt The variable with the name lt variable_name gt was declared but never assigned a value W112 Too less digits defined output is truncated This error message refers to the user defined messages Here special formatting strings define how a variable value should be put out anyway the Compiler has determined that not enough bit places were defined for the output format W121 CRIT condition has no effect and will
28. the type BIT_ARRAY An integer variable can be assigned directly to this BIT_ARRAY Naturally the specification of the connection pin will not be given for the external variables since these are transmitted via the network 2 2 4 3 VAR VAR_INTERN Internal variables are necessary for processing algorithmic calculations these are not assigned to any connection or any external variable but they are mapped to internal data nodes of the device The syntax is VAR or VAR_INTERN lt intern_var gt lt var_type gt lt Init_Value gt lt intern_var2 gt lt var_type gt lt Init_Value2 gt END_VAR or H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 34 VAR or VAR_INTERN lt intern_var gt lt intern_var2 gt lt var_type gt END_VAR In the first variant a start value can be specified which is taken over again in case of an active reset the syntax is lt Init_Value gt where lt Init_Value gt must be an allowed value i e it must be within the value range of the variable type defined with lt var_type gt In the second version a list of variable names separated with a comma can be declared with a common data type however without an initialisation value An example VAR_INTERN a b c INT x1 x2 END_VAR Variables a b and c are inclu
29. timeout_timer start_timer END_VAR KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK kkk Logic part KkK KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK compare_safety NOT comm_from_ernie compare_safety CLK clock compare_safety2 compare_safety compare_safety2 CLK clock Generation of a reset for the timeout IF comm_from_ernie compare_safety2 THEN timeout_reset 1 ELSE timeout_reset 0 END_IF The timeout timer is set to 1 s to be able to detect the communication loss timeout_timer ENABLE start_timer timeout_timer POL LOW timeout_timer 1000 ms Waiting period till timeout timeout_timer MODE SINGLE_SHOT timeout_timer RESET timeout_reset The timer start_timer must bridge the first time period start_timer ENABLE s 1 start_timer POL LOW start_timer 12 s start_timer MOD SINGLE_SHOT_SE start_timer RESET 0 ie ll T e H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 The timeout signal TIME OUT 1 TIME OUT RE p_on_reset OR NOT start_timer TIME _OUT CLK timeout_timer END_PROGRAM H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 4
30. variable declaration is separated from the next by a semi colon As already mentioned in the format every variable can optionally be assigned to a terminal This takes place via the following syntax AT lt terminal name gt where the following nomenclature is allowed for the names of digital terminals ZX20T ZX20AT Inputs In_01 In_20 In_01 In_12 appclk appclk POR POR POR_delayed POR_delayed Outputs Out_01 Out_16 Out_01 Out_12 It is mandatory to observe the uppercase lowercase for these specifications In_01 to In_12 respectively In_20 are the standard data inputs which lead to H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 32 the outside of the PLC The connections appclk 2 MHz clock input and POR Power On Reset as well as POR_delayed delayed POR are only available within the PLC An example VAR_INPUT Switch AT In_11 sensor Y AT In_01 END_VAR VAR_OUTPUT Output AT Out_03 Z END_VAR The input variables switch sensor and Y as well as the output variables output1 and Z are all of the implicit type BIT Switch Y and output are assigned to explicit connections which are clearly marked at the PLC whereas an assignment to sensor and Z is made by the Compiler 2 2 4 2 EXTERN VAR_INPUT EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT The declaratio
31. 1 9 VAR_ADC Permitted data types e ADC implicitly given works in the application in a read only manner as BIT_ARRAY Configurable properties e WIDTH Integer value maximum 16 for determining the bit width used 2 3 1 10 VAR_DAC Permitted data types e DAC implicitly given works in the application in a write only manner as BIT_ARRAY Configurable properties e WIDTH Integer value maximum 16 for determining the bit width used 2 3 1 11 VAR_MESSAGE Permitted data types e MESSAGE implicitly given works in the application in a write only manner as BIT Configurable properties e None the contents of the message which is put out when the signal is enabled is already specified during the declaration 2 3 2 Syntax of configuration instructions 2 3 2 1 Assignment of a synchronisation clock signal lt var_name gt CLK lt boolean_signal gt With this assignment you instruct the Compiler to comprehend this variable as a synchronous clocked variable D flip flop and to simultaneously specify H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 50 the clock signal which controls the data transfer into the output at a positive edge The clock signal must be of the BIT BOOL type 2 3 2 2 Assignment of a variable specific reset signal lt var_nam
32. 105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 76 PLC is yet to be specified In this situation all the IP configurations are deleted since they are meaningless without the IP address of the PLC W301 Function lt function_name gt is defined but never used Here a function is defined i e its interface and contents described but never used W302 Function is not declared Here a function that has not been declared before is used This means that a declaration such as FUNCTION is missing in the main part of the program Please complete this declaration W401 Too many libraries are used Currently the number of libraries to be integrated by the USELIB instruction is restricted to 20 this is exceeded Other libraries cannot be integrated this leads to an error when functions from this file are actually used Please check if you really require all the libraries If you do please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG W402 Library file name is too long The library file name may not consist of more than 18 characters together with the ending and no spaces If the library name is more than 18 characters you must reduce it in the LIB directory and adapt it in the source code accordingly W403 Library lt Library name gt is not readable The library file specified by you cannot be opened for reading because e g it does not exist The reason for this could be that y
33. 255 has been checked here H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 87 Please correct the value specification for the constants in the specification ZN_ADR E151 Too many variables in the group While defining an ALIAS VAR_ALIAS the maximum number of bit variables which can be combined thus was exceeded Currently this number is 16 Please reduce the number of assigned BIT variables E152 Assignment to group is not possible in this way An attempt was made to assign a value to an ALIAS variable where this is not possible The reasons for this could be the use of an incorrect assignment operator or the fact that the variables are read only Please correct this by paying attention to the writability of the variables E171 For this variable class initialisation values are not allowed Initialisation values are only allowed for the variable types VAR VAR_INTERN VAR_OUTPUT and EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT Here an attempt was made to assign an initialisation value to another variable type For troubleshooting remove the initialisation lt Value gt E172 The given initialisation value is not allowed The selected initialisation value is not allowed for this data type Correct the initialisation to a permitted value E181 Assigned mask value xxx xxx xxx xxx is not valid f
34. 4 The declaration of the DAC converter channels takes place with VAR_DAC lt dac_name gt AT lt analog_out gt lt dac_name2 gt AT lt analog_out2 gt END_VAR With this declaration all parts required for controlling the DAC channels in the program are integrated the corresponding code is generated automatically If no specifications about the terminals are given these are implemented by the Compiler You can view the assignments of the connections in the I O assignment window Every 5 us the DAC automatically accepts a new digital value which is buffered in an internal memory The declared variable lt dac_name gt must be assigned a value which is intermittently given out on the DAC as analogue voltage 0 10 V For the application in the program lt dac_name gt has got the data type BIT_ARRAY and can be combined with every integer value If multiple DAC channels are used the conversion times will add up If e g 3 DAC are declared in the program the value is updated every 15 us for 4 channels every 20 us Please for your program You can write a value to a H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 41 DAC variable at any point of time however a new output value is available at AOut_xx only after this time interval The variable which is saved and used in the
35. 4 correct 45054 correct identical 16 1234 Error incorrect sign 12345 correct 2 4 3 Expressions in ST16 An expression is made up of a constant a variable or a combination between these The general form of an assignment is as follows lt variable gt lt constant gt lt variable gt lt expression gt An expression lt expression gt is created by combining one or two operands with an operation In ST16 the following operations are allowed arranged as per priority Table 2 4 1 Operators sorted in ascending priority Operator Meaning OR Logical OR XOR Exclusive OR AND Logical AND lt gt Compare with equal and not equal lt gt lt gt Compare with less than more than less than equal to more than equal to Addition subtraction H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 56 Operator Meaning i Multiplication NOT Logical inversion lt fkt_name gt Function call Parentheses Please note The resulting data type of most of the combinations is the same type as that of the operands provided these are of the identical type else adjustment rules apply If e g an INT and UINT value has to be added the result is of the type INT since the s
36. 9 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 VAR_TIMER timerl END_VAR VAR TEST_INC INT END_VAR VAR_OUTPUT QO AT Out_01 Q1 AT Out_02 Q2 AT Q3 AT Out_04 Q4 AT Out_05 Q5 Al Q6 AT Out_07 Q7 AT Out_08 ND_VAR tid VAR_ALIAS tid ND_VAR FUNCTION sat_inc_dec This is followed by the instructi At first it is defined that the clocked and that in relation to clock TEST_INC RE p_on_reset TEST_INC CLK timerl EST_INC sat_inc_dec TEST_INC U The value of TEST_INC is transfer Q0 Q7 Output TEST_INC This is followed by the configura timerl ENABLE 1 timerl RESET 0 timerl MODE CONT timerl POL LOW timerl 250ms END_PROGRAM H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germ 68 T Out_03 T Out_06 Output Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 on part variable TEST_INC is a time defined P_NDOWN 62 3 red to the outputs tion of the timer any Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 69 Identification of communication loss between two communication partners The following example shows a simple communication between two partner stations named Ernie and Bert
37. 9 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 72 3 Error messages of the Compiler 73 3 Error messages of the Compiler 3 1 Compiler 3 1 1 Warning messages Warning messages are displayed in the output window when the diagnostic mode is enabled see section 1 7 1 W001 keyword is VAR_INPUT W002 keyword is VAR_OUTPUT W003 keyword is VAR_IN_OUT W004 keyword is VAR_INTERN or VAR W005 keyword is VAR_ALIAS W006 keyword is VAR_MESSAGE W007 keyword is VAR_TIMER W008 keyword is VAR_COUNTER W009 keyword is VAR_ADC W010 keyword is VAR_DAC W011 keyword is END_VAR W012 keyword is END_FUNCTION W021 keyword is END_IF W022 keyword is END_CASE When these warnings are put out there is a write error in a keyword which is tolerated exceptionally As a rule all the keywords of the language must be written correctly in compound words such as VAR_INPUT or END_FUNCTION the components in ST are combined with a single underscore If this underscore is omitted e g VARINPUT is written then the correct keyword is accepted and the corresponding above mentioned warning message is given out W031 END_PROGRAM statement missing There was no concluding END_PROGRAM in the source code and hence the Compiler assumes that the source code ends at the end of the text H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aache
38. AME ERNIE PLC_TYPE ZX20T Variable part VAR_INPUT clock AT appclk p_on_reset AT POR END_VAR EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT comm_from_ernie BIT END_VAR VAR_INTERN change BIT END_VAR H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 70 VAR_TIMER timerl END_VAR KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KkK Logic part KkK KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Generation of the change signal change CLK timerl change NOT change comm_from_ernie change timerl ENABLE 1 timerl POL HIGH timerl 400 ms timerl MODE CONT timerl RESET p_on_reset END_PROGRAM Source code for Bert recipient PROGRAM Bert_receives PLC_NAME BERT PLC_TYPE ZX20T VAR_INPUT clock AT appclk p_on_reset AT POR D_VAR ii zZ VAR_OUTPUT TIME_OUT D_VAR ti zZ H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 71 VAR_INTERN timeout_reset BIT 1 compare_safety BIT compare_safety2 BIT END_VAR EXTERN VAR_INPUT comm_from_ernie BIT END_VAR VAR_TIMER
39. C command also adds a new PLC in the project the only difference is that an existing source code file can be selected and loaded via a file selection window that opens A copy of this file is generated in the memory which can be saved in the current project directory with Save PLC or opened and edited in the program editor by double clicking on Open new The Save PLC command saves the source code file which belongs to the PLC marked in the Device Manager window with a single mouse click or which was selected in the program editor in the current project directory as lt file name gt s16 If this source code file is not yet given a name to be identified with Open new a request for entering a name appears in a file selection window With Save PLC as the source code file of the currently marked or edited PLC can be saved under a different name either in the currently active project directory or in another project directory As soon as this directory is opened once again a new PLC with this source code file appears in the Device Manager Removal of a PLC from a project takes place with the icon at the top of the Device Manager window For this the PLC to be deleted is marked with a single mouse click and then the icon is clicked Alternatively you can right click the name of the PLC to be deleted and click Delete in the context menu which opens thereafter In both the cases a dialogue appears with the f
40. PGA i e after disconnecting and connecting the operating voltage once again the program last transmitted in mode 1 Programming PLC is executed once again Also the variables of the EXTERN VAR_INPUT and EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT categories see section 2 2 4 do not function correctly if they are not transmitted to the PLC at least once in mode 1 Programming PLC after being generated in the source code The same is applicable to application specific messages which have been defined with VAR_MESSAGE see section 2 2 5 1 6 2 Opening the Programming Tool The Programming Tool can be opened by EEEE Libcery View clicking with the mouse on one of the ReneS items Programming PLC mode 1 or Test program on PLC mode 2 in the Programming PLC menu Compile Program Fig 7 S Test Program on PLC above or with the corresponding icon in the toolbar Fig 7 centre Mode 1 can also be selected by double clicking on Programming PLC in the Process view window Fig 7 below Alternatively the Programming Tool can be enabled with the F11 mode 1 or Fig 7 Opening the Programming Tool F12 mode 2 functional key Test gt Programming PLC In both the modes a dialogue window opens see Fig 8 with which you can control the programming process In the uppermost entry line under Program file you can select the program file to be transmitted file ending xsvf When you call the Programming T
41. SES was not found Please check the spelling of the function and ensure if the function really exists in the selected library 3 1 2 Severe warnings The term severe warning might look strange since you are either expecting a warning or an error message However this indicates that there is a possible error in the detected incident At this point the compiler cannot precisely determine whether the logic several program lines can be incorporated is faulty or not In such a situation you have to decide whether the algorithm is correct or is the outcome of a mistake Please check carefully If you hand over the translated source code to the Fitter VHDL Compiler with placement a Fitter error can occur which cannot be eliminated If on the other hand the Fitter translates the generated code without any error this means that the assignment was correct and you can retain the description despite the important warning You must then check the runtime behaviour The important warning messages in detail 001 Cyclic asynchronous assignment to lt Var_Name gt Certain checks are performed between the complete compiling of the structured text in VHDL and the generation of the VHDL code mainly whether the H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 78 assignment to non clocked va
42. Selection instruction 58 59 Single Assignment eee 65 SINGLE SHOT vies ease 37 SINT wits csgetis av ae Aa 30 SUG E E T 23 ADC onirin 29 31 Assignment sesser 56 58 Auxiliary condition 0 00 00 64 Baang 30 BIT_ALIAS 0000 ee eeeeeneeeeeee 31 BIT_ARRAY oon 31 BO Ol renr 30 BY VE sires eileen 31 CASE ire es Beate eo eee 61 Complete assignment 65 COUNTER seeriana 29 31 Counting cycle of the counter 39 Cyclic value assignment 65 DAC irpreni 30 31 Declaration of variables 27 31 PLUSE renion erie 60 61 ELSIE reene 60 END_FUNCTION ossee 62 END IF nee iaieetes ei 60 EXpression sesseeseeseereereersrerereresse 57 EXTERN cne a 28 EXTERN VAR_INPUT 00 0 33 EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT 33 Frame Structure c ceeseeeseeeeees 24 FUNCTION ee 25 62 66 Function call eeeeeees 58 64 Function declaration 63 Tents cass cessevedeegectedseadeastanzeres 26 IF59 nsien S eesis 58 IN T oe sseredigtsectvestes 30 MADE ALY a a E 26 MESSAGE 29 31 OR aroen E 61 OperatOT Ss 22 sccsesadseeds Has cealibavsasetis 57 Return value of a function 63 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de List of terms Selection instruction 58 59 SemantiCS ssessersisssrersressrersisisresss 64 Single Assignm
43. T Complete name Double Integer to Unsigned Short Integer Return value USINT Parameters DINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of a double integer value 32 bit with sign in an unsigned short integer value 8 bit without sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information DINT_TO_INT DINT Complete name Double Integer to Integer Return value INT Parameters DINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of a double integer value 32 bit with sign in an integer value 16 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information UINT_TO_INT UINT Complete name Unsigned Integer to Integer Return value INT Parameters UINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an unsigned integer value 16 bit without sign in an integer value 16 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information UINT_TO_SINT UINT Complete name Unsigned Integer to Short Integer Return value SINT Parameters UINT H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 4 Functions in standard lib 103 Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an unsigned integer value 16 bit without sign in a short integer value 8 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potentia
44. The configuration of a RESET signal assigns a constant or a variable Boolean value to this parameter If this value is 1 the timer is reset This means that the timer restarts after the RESET signal is set to 0 The syntax is lt timer_var gt RESET lt Conf_value gt The constants 0 and 1 as well as BIT variables are allowed as configuration values lt Conf_value gt An example timer_ex RESET 0 Means that no reset takes place timer_one_shot RESET EVENT_2 Means that a reset takes place if the value of EVENT_2 is 1 It is mandatory to define a reset signal it can be set to 0 e Polarity For continuous timers you can decide with the polarity with which value the operation shall be started The syntax is lt timer_var gt POL HIGH LOW If the polarity is high the timer begins with the value 1 followed by 0 in the second part of the cycle If the same specification is used for a One Shot configured timer the specified polarity is given out in the active phase timer counts else the other one Please note that for the continuous mode you can select whether there should be an edge in the timer value at the beginning of the first timer period CONT_SE or after the first timer period CONT The polarity of the timers used in the example could be configured thus timer_ex POL HIGH Start with the status High H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15
45. Too many call parameter in function A function call not in the definition was specified with too many parameters Please check the number of parameters for the function call and correct them E801 Memory overflow inside internal tree structure The compiler did not get enough memory space from the operating system This error occurs only if very large programs are compiled with very little available memory E802 Memory limit exceeded The compiler did not get enough memory space from the operating system This error occurs only if very large programs are compiled with very little available memory The difference between this message and the previous one is that the memory overflow takes place during other actions H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 96 E803 Symbol table overflow The Compiler has got an internal symbol table with 2400 entries currently This table size was exceeded Please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG Aachen E805 Error while opening file Initially the Compiler tries to open the source code file for reading and other files lt sourcecodename gt err vhd mem pin und scn as writable At least three files could not be opened in this process The reason for this could be that the compiler has got no write access e g the directory or the corresp
46. User Manual for the Program Development System EX PRESS 5 ZAN DE R H Zander GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 A AC H EN 52070 Aachen Germany info zander aachen de www zander aachen de Edition F04 2015 All rights reserved This document is the original document Subject to changes All the information has been carefully compiled to the best of our knowledge but is provided without guarantee Table of contents 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 oenen 1 1 The Project Manager evccs sc2ccasszesccet ec segiveccety wedcedevvascepheecccedbevscueeenvasczt 1 1 1 Functions of the Project Manager c ceeeseeeeeeneeeeeesteeeeeeeaes 1 2 The Device Manager jiiis s cc0s zescegssueccdeeveeccede aiena R A ARTEA tat BaSICPUMCHONS sonses nE aAA RRRA 1 2 2 Additional fUNCtIONS sissien ena E E AA T3 The source Code ditor 00 2 eee cceeeeecceeeseeceeeeteeceeeenseceesensaneesensaneeseneaees 1 3 1 Functions and features of the editor eee eeneeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 1A The ST Complet iescicecssce sheds cease cose ninenin aiian aiao 125 The a E e A E E E E A E a tbe eee 16 The Programming Tool eeccceeeeceeeeeeneeeeeeeneeeeeeeneeeeeeeneeeeeseneeeeeeenees 1 6 1 Programming MOdeS ecccceeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeseneeeeeeeneeeeeeenaeeeeneaaes 1 6 2 Opening the Programming TOOI cccccesceeeeeeeeteeteneeeeeneee 1 7 The information WINGOW 0 cc ccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaeeeetenaeeeesenaeee
47. W for active time period at single shot operation or for the first half of a cycle at continuous mode of operation Value assignment Time value for single shot operation or cycle at the continuous mode of operation The timer is counted backwards from this start value to 0 Permissible time units are us ms s and min 2 3 1 8 VAR_COUNTER Permitted data types COUNTER implicitly given works in the application in a read only manner as BIT Configurable properties ENABLE Boolean value for enabling or disabling the counter RESET Reset signal Boolean value for restarting the counter MODE Mode of operation mode of the counter Single shot SINGLE_SHOT single shot with edge at the beginning SINGLE_SHOT_SE continuous CONT or continuous with edge at the beginning CONT_SE POL Value specification HIGH LOW for active counting period during single shot operation or for first half of a counting cycle during continuous mode of operation CLK Assignment of a Boolean signal which acts as a clock signal at the positive edge H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 49 e Value assignment Counting value for single shot operation or cycle at the continuous mode of operation The counter is counted backwards from this start value to 0 2 3
48. Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 39 cnt1 MODE SINGLE_SHOT cnt1 POL HIGH cnt1 CLK timer_ex entl 50000 In this example the COUNTER cnt1 counts downwards from 50000 and with the clock source from timer_ex but only if the counting is initiated This is done via X_1 at l as long as X_3 does not initiate a reset also with the value 1 2 2 5 3 VAR_ADC The PLC ZX20AT has an analogue to digital converter ADC with a bit width of 16 bits and a conversion rate of 200 kSPS kilo samples per second corresponding to a conversion time of 5 us The ADC offers 8 analogue input channels their connecting terminals are called AIn_01 to AIn_08 in the program The declaration of the ADC channels takes place with VAR_ADC lt adc_name gt AT lt analog_in gt lt adc_name2 gt AT lt analog_in2 gt END_VAR With this declaration all parts required for controlling the ADC channels in the program are integrated the corresponding code is generated automatically If no specifications about the terminals are given these are implemented by the Compiler You can view the assignments of the connections in the I O assignment window The ADC is read out every 5 us and the value is saved internally it can be read in the program under the name of the ADC lt adc_name gt For the application in th
49. _IN_OUT VAR_MESSAGE VAR_OUTPUT VAR_TIMER XOR USES USELIB Alternative methods of writing program structures VARADC VARARRAY VARCOUNTER VARDAC VARIN_OUT VARINOUT VARINPUT VARINTERN VARMESSAGE VAROUTPUT VARTIMER Data types BIT BIT_ALIAS BIT_ARRAY BOOL BYTE DINT INT SINT UINT USINT WORD Default system variables for configuration DHCP_ACTIVE FAST_BOOT IP_ACTIVE IP_ADR IP_GATE IP_MASK NTP_ACTIVE NTP_ADR PLC_NAME GI PLC_TYPI VAR_COMM ZN_ADR H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 5 Keywords reserved in ST16 106 Default system variables for the operation appclk net_connect POR POR_delayed TIME_SIGNAL_2M Default system variables for the network communication NETSIG_INOOO NETSIG_IN127 NETSIG_OUTOO NETSIG_OUT31 USIRQ_O USIRQ_7 GP_USERO GP_USER7 5 1 ZX20T Default identifiers of the input and output connections InN O01 In_20 Out_01 Out_16 5 2 ZX20AT Default identifiers of the input and output connections In_01 In_12 Out_O1 Out_12 AIn_01 ATH 08 AOut_0O1 AOut04 Internal system variables for the AD and DA converter last_adc_value_0O last_adc_value_7 adc_active next_dac_value_O next_dac_value_3 dac_active H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aa
50. a colon E041 Label lt Constant gt for CASE is already used In CASE OF you have used a constant which has already been specified and is thus doubled Please delete this value specification or integrate the corresponding lines into the first specification of this constant E051 Operator expected This is a syntax error which is e g detected when two operands are one behind the other without an operator in between E061 This kind of statement is unknown The compiler has found an instruction which it cannot interpret further Please correct the line according to the syntax rules H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 82 E062 Unknown operator An unknown operator was detected in an instruction Please correct it E063 Unknown separating character Generally the semi colon is used as the separating character exception to this is the list of variables of the same class and the same type where a comma is also allowed Here a separating character which may not be in this place was used E071 Assignment operator not found In a line in the code area which begins with a declared name of a variable a value must be assigned to these variables The assignment operator required here was not found E072 Wrong assignment operator The assignment operator was no
51. achen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 54 2 4 1 General instructions about assignments Assignments are a copy of a value to a target This purely means that a target variable which must be declared is set to a new value Here certain points must be considered The target variable may not be of the Input type i e not declared via VAR_INPUT END_VAR VAR_ADC END_VAR or with VAR_ALIAS from input variables This limitation is applicable naturally since the values of all input variables are only determined by the external wiring The value of a variable can be assigned in two ways by direct assignment with an equation or within control structures see section 2 6 The assigned value can be an expression or a constant Apart from the value assignment the point of time of this operation is extremely important Without further specifications in the program it is assumed that value assignments shall take place spontaneously Changes in the sources of the target variables are visible immediately apart from gate delays in the range of a few nano seconds Another version of value assignment can be created by configuring a clock input to a target variable This means that changes of the source will now be effective only by occurring of a positive clock edge transition from LOW to HIGH and with this operation the description of th
52. amples Direct cycle A NOT A for A as BIT variable Cycle with several variables B C NOT D for B C D E as BIT variable D B AND E Cycle in arithmetic operation X X 1 for X as INT variable In the first two cases it is clear that this is a cycle with inversion in the third case too this is the case because the summation an arithmetic operation also operates with inversions ST16 has got a detection feature for cyclic dependencies of non clocked variables which however merely generates an important warning see 3 1 2 If you receive such a warning you can still try to run the Fitter because finally the Fitter decides whether or not the program can be implemented In any case follow this carefully Cyclic dependencies with a cycle in which a variable is clocked are completely safe and can be used at any time No warning is displayed here H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 64 Functions mean inline code The last guideline for the implementation of algorithms in ST16 is rather a note Occasionally functions are not only written to structure a program in a better way but also to save program space because a function which is written once can be used multiply This effect of saving space is not seen in ST 16 s
53. ars in which the functions included in the library are displayed along with their parameters return values and descriptions H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 19 1 7 8 User manual Help You can open this user manual any time via the Help menu item Display help or via the icon in the toolbar provided that a PDF Reader is installed on the PC 1 8 Individual setup of the user interface The user can set up the user interface of EX_PRESS 5 according to his own requirements by hiding icons in the toolbar for instance or by hiding certain windows It is possible to switch between German and English language and also to change the arrangement of the windows on the user interface in such a way that it is optimally suited for the size of the monitor used or for a workstation with several monitors 1 8 1 Language selection It is possible to switch between German and English by using the Settings menu sub menu Languages This setting affects all the menus as well as information and dialogue windows Also this user manual is displayed in the PDF Reader in the set language if it is opened using the corresponding menu function or the corresponding icon in the toolbar H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010
54. ation frequency of 50 kHz whereas timer_one_shot is only activated once for 500 ms if not reset Please consider the different effects of the configured times Enable Signal activation A timer can be enabled always or dependent on other signals Counting takes place upon activation i e a continuous timer runs through its period until this period is over and then begins a new one On the other hand a timer in the single shot mode starts with activation and then runs through it independent of the ENABLE signal An example timer_ex ENABLE 1 Means that timer_ex is always enabled H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 37 timer_one_shot ENABLE X_1 timer_one_shot is started by the X_1 signal with the transition from 0 to 1 and runs through subsequently This configuration means that in the event of continuous operation of the timer the signal assigned to the ENABLE parameter either allows the timer to operate further or to stop temporarily whereas in case of a timer with SINGLE_SHOT mode the ENABLE signal starts it For example the timer_one_shot continues its operation after starting independently of the further behaviour of X_1 Please consider the different effects of the configured ENABLE signals e RESET signal
55. ax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 With the Find function it is easy to The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 11 R 4 fz Find and Replace find character strings in the source J C ode Searching Text With the Replace function a found Case Sensitive character string can be replaced with another You can set further options in Replace Text Mode Direction the dialogue window that opens see een ee aromas Fig 4 Meaning of items t Regular Expressions Backwards Case Sensitive If the box is Fig 4 Find and Replace checked a differentiation is made between the capital and small letters not otherwise Normal Search mode A search is conducted for the character string entered in the Searching Text field Regular expressions mode During the search so called meta characters are taken into account in the searched text e g Wildcards number of letters only numbers etc see e g Wikipedia Regular expression Direction forward A search is conducted from the current cursor position till the end of the source code Direction backwards A search is conducted from the current cursor position till the beginning of the source code The buttons have following functions Find next The cursor goes to the next match in the source code while searching for the character string without replacing it Replace If a match is found with Find next the found c
56. be ignored W122 OE condition has no effect and will be ignored These error messages are the result of the compatibility of EX_PRESS 5 with former versions CRIT for a critical path and OE Output Enable are properties of outputs which are currently not used The Compiler puts out the warning in order to avoid certain effects W141 The clock assignment to lt var_name gt could be an asynchronous signal The Compiler checks if the clock signals where variables accept values at a rising edge are synchronous or asynchronous Finally the system has only one synchronous source the 2 MHz clock signal which is provided at the defined input pin appclk Signals derived from there e g timers are synchronous too whereas input signals which on the other hand are not synchronised are asynchronous If you receive this message you must pay attention to the result of the Fitter run The Fitter setting is such that it accepts these non synchronised signals as a clock but the possibility cannot be excluded that many of these signals have a significantly smaller clock rate in the application If you have problems please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG W201 IP configuration incomplete configuration was cancelled This warning is put out when the NTP Network Time Protocol or DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol are defined but the IP address of the H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9
57. chen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de List of terms List of terms A ADG sena tied 29 31 40 Bit width oseere 41 AR_DAC Properties pirssi isisisi osot 51 Assignment56 58 65 See Assignment B BIE enan naan naan 30 BIT ALIAS ojsukeniimonens niss 31 BIT_ARRAY 00 ccscesccsseeeeeceesssnsaneses 31 BOOL sssisicessscsestascisezessteeck tapetesses sie 30 BYTE erson inn 31 C CASE issees tes shaveedta sith ennn 61 COMPU er ericsson 12 Complete assignment 65 Connection names eee 32 Constants Number format ceeeeeeeeeeees 56 CONE ges eS NSE a tS 37 CONT SEaren 37 COUNTER ee 29 31 39 CUR aicticcietdi ciate cesacige asieholaees 39 Cyclic value assignment 65 D DAC sesiiccets hateeeiaitinscsteccectees 30 31 41 Bit Width sereine 42 data type BIT_ARRAY eere 31 Data type ADC rer oO 29 31 40 107 BILD EER AEE E A 30 BIT_ALIAS iiris 31 BOOL remana 30 BY TE ensena aasa 31 COUNTER 00006 29 31 39 DAG eored teei 30 31 41 IWIN EEEE Ar EA TET 30 MESSAGE srecccaissean 29 31 43 POPCMtieS dscsscs cascteubees ces aschass 47 54 SIN DE neiuna nests 30 TIMER occse 28 31 36 WNT e E S see 30 USIN Terere ees 31 WORD oeroceaan 30 Device Manager sceescceeseeeeseeenes 7 E EdJitOT ieri Jeg sbb eck Sodas ek aia 10 PSB EEA ESE EEN 60 61 EESIF aserre onee en 60 END IFoo iesieta 60 Expression
58. chen de 2 The programming language ST16 53 Data type Bit Read access Write access Automatic width conversion in SINT 8 SINT SINT BIT_ARRAY DINT INT UINT USINT BYTE WORD USINT 8 USINT USINT BIT_ARRAY DINT INT UINT SINT BYTE WORD BYTE 8 USINT USINT BIT_ARRAY DINT INT UINT SINT UINT WORD WORD 16 UINT UINT BIT_ARRAY DINT INT UINT SINT UINT BYTE TIMER 1 BIT BIT BOOL COUNTER 1 BIT BIT BOOL ADC 1 16 BIT_ ARRAY DINT INT UINT SINT USINT BYTE WORD DAC 1 16 BIT_ARRAY 2 4 Instructions and operators It is mandatory to consider the following general instructions In ST16 all the assignments in the main program PROGRAM END_ PROGRAM are parallel to each other This also means that a variable on the left side of the assignment can be assigned a value only at one place in the main program Single Assignment Concept thus a direct assignment is only possible at one place In case of conditional assignments 2 6 Control structures an assignment can be made in every branch of the condition these are considered as one In functions FUNCTION END_FUNCTION however values can be assigned to variables on the left side at several places If a multiple assignment is necessary due to algorithmic problems you can move the algorithm into a function H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 A
59. d Save PLC as You can also call these functions via the corresponding icons in the toolbar see Fig 2 centre or the icon in the Device Manager window see Fig 2 below New PLC The PLC can be removed from the project only with the icon in the Device Device Manager Manager window and via context menus Olimar which open when you right click with the mouse for a precise description See below section Delete PLC Fig 2 Device Manager The PLC can also be saved via the shortcut Ctrl S 1 2 1 Basic functions New PLC adds a new PLC to the project If the command is called from the file menu a window opens requesting for the PLC type If you click the icon in the Device Manager window the default PLC type is accepted The new PLC appears with the default name SPS_ lt Number gt in the Device Manager This can be changed later by using the context menu which appears when you right click on the name A subsequent change of the PLC type is possible in the same way by using its context menu H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 8 A template for a source code file in the language Structured text is created which can be opened and edited by double clicking on Open new in the program editor The Open PL
60. ded in a list with the INT type integer 16 bit whereas x1 and x2 are also declared as a list with the implicit type BIT The following data types are allowed for internal variables BIT BYTE WORD UINT USINT SINT INT DINT BIT_ARRAY 2 2 4 4 VAR_ALIAS The VAR_ALIAS variable type defines variables with the implicit type BIT_ALIAS which describes the combination of variables of the type BIT This combination can then be used as a variable of the type BIT_ ARRAY or INT if required with a reduced value range The syntax is VAR_ALIAS lt Var_Alias_Name gt lt VAR_List gt END_VAR The variable list lt VAR_List gt includes a list of already declared variables of the type BIT separated by comma As compared with the integer values the sequence is such that the Most Significant Bit msb is to the left A maximum of 16 variables are allowed the variable class of the combined variables must H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 35 be the same and it must be one of the types VAR_INPUT VAR VAR_INTERN or VAR_OUTPUT 2 2 5 Declaration configuration of variables with peripheral relationship For variables with peripheral relationship the general rule applicable is that these are declared within special variable classes and require additional configuration The con
61. description at the beginning USELIB lt library gt Optional library integration USES lt function gt lt library gt PROGRAM lt program name gt The section for declaration of variables The instruction section END_PROGRAM Any description at the end Apart from the formal keywords and language constructs different names commands etc which are not automatically separated because of their special format must be separated from one another with Whitespaces This means that there must be at least one blank space or a tab between two terms of course several spaces are also allowed Here too the legibility of a program increases significantly by using such text formats but the translation remains unaffected An automatic separation takes place if characters are used which are not allowed in the namings The value assignment with which is defined later is a Well known example of this Besides every instruction must have a semi colon at the end Exceptions to this are instructions which start a frame e g PROGRAM H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 25 2 1 2 Functions ST is an imperative or functional language i e it offers a structuring by means of functions This should be used intensively any disadvantages e g because
62. e Program Fig 5 above the corresponding icon in the toolbar Fig 5 centre or by double clicking on Compile in the Process view window Fig 5 below Besides the Compiler execution can be triggered with the F9 functional key The Compiler is started automatically if Fit see section 1 5 or programming of PLC see section 1 6 is selected after a source code change 1 5 The Fitter Compile Programming Library Viev Compile F9 e 4 os gt Process Window x Compile D Fit x Fig 5 Compile After a fault free Compiler run the VHDL code generated by the Compiler must be further processed by the Fitter so that the program file is generated which can be loaded into the FPGA The Fitter has a VHDL Compiler in combination with a placer and router which ensures that the program created by the user can be fitted optimally into the available resources of the FPGA H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 13 the item Fit in the menu Compile Programming Fig 6 above the corresponding icon in the toolbar Fig 6 centre or by double clicking on Fit in the Process view window Fig 6 below Additionally the Fitter execution can be triggered with the F10 functional The Fitter is started with a mouse click on 7 C
63. e assignment must always be made to the same variable either all to ALIAS or all to the individual variables You can assign properties of variables such as CLK or RE either to the ALIAS variables or to the individual variables If you assign the value to the ALIAS variable an optional assignment of the properties must be made to the ALIAS variable The opposite situation assignment to the individual variables properties to the ALIAS is not allowed H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 85 E126 The definition of the asynchronous variable lt var_name gt is incomplete Asynchronous variables are variables which only accept values in a non clocked manner i e the CLK control condition is missing This means that for all situations within an IF or CASE condition it must be defined which value is assigned to the variables else there would be an implicit save condition Thus you must make an assignment in all branches This does not apply to clocked variables E131 E131 Variable is keyword or input You have made an attempt to assign a value to a variable of the variable class VAR_INPUT which is not allowed E132 Aclock condition was already defined for this variable E133 An output enable condition was already defined for this variable In the source code
64. e controller will have a time grid The assignment of a clock signal takes place with the instruction lt var_name gt CLK lt boolean_signal gt where not only the pulse is defined but also as mentioned the type of variable storage is converted to a register See also section 2 3 2 1 2 4 2 Representation of constants Constant values are represented by numbers The permissible values depend on the data type to which the constants are assigned or with which they are combined The numerical representation has the following general form lt sign gt lt base gt lt value gt As lt base gt 2 10 default or 16 are possible whereby the specification 10 can be omitted The sign lt sign gt which is optional is only allowed in combination with decimals base 10 permissible values are or If the base is 2 binary or dual numbers 0 or 1 are allowed as characters for decimals 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 for the base 16 hexadecimals 0 1 2 3 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 55 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F Within the value specification individual underscores _ can be inserted for better legibility Examples for constants 2 01010101 correct 2 01_01_01_01 correct identical 16 AFFE correct 10 4505
65. e gt RE lt boolean_signal gt Clocked variables D flip flops can be set to 0 asynchronous reset at their output with a reset signal independent of the clock and the input value This takes place automatically at the time of activation with the POR input and can also take place during the operation with the defined signal 2 3 2 3 Assignment of an Enable signal to a timer or counter lt tim_count_name gt ENABLE lt boolean_signal gt Timers and counters can be enabled and disabled These are assigned a Boolean variable or constant with the ENABLE property if the Boolean expression is 1 the timer or counter is enabled and it decrements with positive edges of a clock signal or counting signal Otherwise it remains at the present counting value 2 3 2 4 Assignment of a Reset signal to a timer or counter lt tim_count_name gt RESET lt boolean_signal gt Apart from enabling and disabling timers and counters can also be reset This means that the current counter status is reset to the configuration value start value and the timer or counter continues from that point when it is enabled As a result a timer counter which is configured as SINGLE_SHOT will operate again when enabled even if it has already run before E g this can be used for time outs after an event 2 3 2 5 Assignment of a mode of operation to a timer or counter lt tim_count_name gt MODE SINGLE_SHOT SINGLE_SHOT_SE CONT CONT_SE
66. e program this value has the data type BIT_ARRAY and can be combined with every integer value If e g 3 ADC are declared in the program the values are updated every 15 us for 8 channels every 40 us Please note for your program You can read these values at any point of time however a new value is available only after this time interval The variable which is saved and used in the program can have a limited number of bits as per the configuration instruction lt adc_name gt WIDTH lt constant gt lt constant gt 2 3 16 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 40 In this case the lower bits lsb will be cut An example VAR_ADC AD_O AT AIn_01 XYZ AT AIn_04 END_VAR AD_O WIDTH 8 XYZ WIDTH 12 Here 2 A D converters are declared conversion time total 10 us 100 kSPS per channel The values used in the program are 8 bit wide for AD_O and 12 bit for XYZ In read only mode AD_0 corresponds to a BIT_ARRAY 8 XYZ to a BIT_ARRAY 12 2 2 5 4 VAR_DAC The PLC ZX20AT has a digital to analogue converter DAC with a bit width of 16 bit and a conversion rate of 200 kSPS kilo samples per second corresponding to a conversion time of 5 us The DAC offers 4 analogue output channels their output terminals in the program are called AOut_01 to AOut_0
67. e the modified data yet a message window appears in which you can save all the changes with Save all You can discard the changes with the Discard button If you click on Cancel the Close Project action is cancelled and the project remains open Note Close Project is always automatically executed if a project is open and you click on New Project or Open Project or if EX_PRESS 5 is finished If a project is open the Overview tab appears in the editor region of the user interface In the lower area of this tab under Description you can enter information and comments about the project e g project name author date of last change project description etc and save it with the Save button H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 7 1 2 The Device Manager After creating a new project or opening a Py express 5 _ File Edit Compile Programming project the PLCs of the project can be managed in the Device Manager The PLCs are displayed with their name the PLC type and the corresponding source code file lt file name gt s16 in the Device Manager Poe pane window The basic functions of the Device Save PLC as Manager are available in the File menu see t Fig 2 above they include the menu items New PLC Open PLC Save PLC an
68. ecified in the 2nd parameter to the left Filled with 0 from the right the overflowing bits are lost logicla Shift Left SHR INT UINT Complete name Shift Right Return value INT Parameters INT for the input value which is shifted UINT for the number of bits by which the value is shifted Explanation The function shifts the input value 1st parameter by the number of bits specified in the 2nd parameter to the right The overflowing bits are lost 0 is filled from the left logical Shift Right INT_TO_UINT INT Complete name Integer to Unsigned Integer Return value UINT Parameters INT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an integer value 16 bit with sign in an unsigned integer value 16 bit without sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information INT_TO_SINT INT H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 0 241 9105010 Fax 49 0 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 4 Functions in standard lib 100 Complete name Integer to Short Integer Return value SINT Parameters INT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an integer value 16 bit with sign in a short integer value 8 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information INT_TO_USINT INT Complete name Integer to Unsigned Short Integer Return value USINT Parame
69. ectory or the corresponding file is already present but it cannot be overwritten by the Compiler because of the current write access Please check the write access rights and change these if required E1101 Syntax error within Bitfile lt file_name gt The bit file generated by the Fitter is used further for creating more files for programming For this the Bitfile must be interpreted which leads to this error message when there is a format error Please try this with a complete rerun of the Compiler If you cannot achieve your objective despite this please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG E1201 Error while starting Fitter process please re install the system Before the Fitter operation some important files are checked for consistency This resulted in an error with the corresponding error message You must now re install the system and restart the translation process H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 4 Functions in standard lib 99 4 Functions in standard lib The delivered library standard lib includes the following functions SHL INT UINT Complete name Shift Left Return value INT Parameters INT for the input value which is shifted UINT for the number of bits by which the value is shifted Explanation The function shifts the input value 1st parameter by the number of bits sp
70. ed The resulting value is then right aligned and scaled so that the new Isb least significant bit corresponds to the first bit which is not rejected In the DAC the specified number of bits is copied into the D A converter without further scaling of the input value In both the cases the sign is maintained i e the values are always interpreted as signed bipolar values 2 3 3 Data types and their properties The following table contains all data types which are used in ST16 including the bit width and the conversion into other data types The automatic conversion in the right column indicates that an assignment to or a logical combination with the specified data types is automatically possible Table 2 3 1 Overview of data types Data type Bit width Read access Write access Automatic conversion into BIT 1 BIT BIT BOOL BIT_ARRAY 1 16 BIT_ARRAY BIT_ARRAY DINT INT UINT SINT USINT BYTE WORD BIT_ALIAS BIT_ARRAY BIT_ARRAY DINT INT UINT SINT USINT BYTE WORD DINT DINT DINT BIT_ARRAY INT UINT SINT USINT BYTE WORD INT 16 INT INT BIT_ARRAY DINT UINT SINT USINT BYTE WORD UINT UINT UINT BIT_ARRAY DINT INT SINT USINT BYTE WORD H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aa
71. ent ee 65 SINT een a E 30 Standard lib ecceeeeseeeeees 102 TIMER 2 inti iiends ees 28 31 TIMER polarity eee 38 TIMER ENABLE 0 0006 37 TIMER MODE ccceeeeeeeeeees 36 TIMER RESET 11 cece eeeeee 38 UIN hrnca a 30 USELIB srncie 26 USES incoar nann 26 USIN Drennan 31 VAR inisesin ania 34 VAR_ADC 2 eeeceeccccceeceeeeneee 29 40 VAR_ALIAS 0 28 35 VAR_COUNTER 45 29 39 VAR DAC renatus 30 41 VAR_INPUT 1 eee 27 32 VAR_INTERN 0006 27 34 VAR_MESSAGE 45 29 43 VAR_OUTPUT 27 32 VAR_TIMEBR 00 eeeeee 28 36 Variable enprime an 26 Variable type eeeeeeesceeeseeeeneees 27 Whitespace neesi 24 WIDTH retienen 41 42 WORD ananta 30 Standard lib ce eccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeee 102 Structured text 23 T TIMER ccccceecceeeeeeseneee 28 31 36 COND mea ncniieiewss 37 CONT _SE cccceecccccccceessssseeeeeeee 37 BNABL Ee icssessssenseccseassaastainesseseses 37 MODE sorsien ani 36 POLieno e ERRE 38 RESET erian nnee 38 SINGLE_SHOT 000 37 Time interval 36 TOO DAF ec sueis ienen 19 109 U UIN Teressa iiri 30 USIN rie cc biheteeliaiets 31 V VAR Properties sseeseeeeeeeeeeeeee 48 49 WAR crespe e e esse ees 34 VAR SADC iiss cassie eacesice ce seehacs 29 40 Properties sscass asescessotectenstesvins cis 50 WIDTH ei eiee ea 41 VAR_ALIAS oo 28 35 PHOPCUieS 25
72. er_Value lt limit THEN Next_Value Counter_Value 1 ELSE Next_Value limit END_IF count Next_Value END_FUNCTION This function increments an input value Counter_Value by 1 if the value is less than the variable limit else the Counter_Value is set to limit The obtained value is then returned The function carries out a counter with limitation 2 7 2 Function declaration The function declaration announces the usage of a function to the main program a function which is defined outside the program It is only made up of the keyword FUNCTION and the name of the function used Example FUNCTION count This declares the function count from the previous section The function declaration is in the declaration part of the main program at any place here 2 7 3 Use of a function in the main program After the function is defined and declared for the program it can be used in the program This is simply done by the entry of the function names with a parameter list corresponding number and each data type The function always has got a return value which can then be assigned to a variable or used in any other manner H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 62 Example VAR COUNT_SIGNAL INT END_VAR FUNCTION count COUNT_SIGNAL count
73. eseaes 1 7 1 The Output Window cece cece eeeeeeeeee tenet eeeeeeeeaeeteneeeneaeeees 1 7 2 The I O assignment WiINdOW c cceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeteneeeteaeeees 1 7 3 Error Messages WINKOW cccccceeseseeeeeeeeneeeeseeneeeeeeeaeeeeseaaes 1 7 4 Messages Preview WINKOW c ccececeeeeeeneeeseeneeeeeeeaeeeeeeaes 1 7 5 Network Variables window 0 c cceeeeseceeeeeneeeeeeeneeeeeeenneeeeeeaaes 176 The Into WING OW seere E E 1 7 7 Library Contents WINdOW cccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteneeeeeeeteneees 17 8 User manual Help serrie E 1 8 Individual setup of the user interface s ssessseeessresssrressrrrrnsrrnsesrnnsnes 1 8 1 Language selecthOn scssisirenisririiseurioiueninenrreeiieinseearenrn ienen 1 8 2 Show and hide toolbar iCOns ccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeseneeees 1 8 3 Open and close the information WindOW ccccccccesseeeeenees 1 8 4 Rearrangement of the information Windows sssssseeeeeeeeeeeeee H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST 16 cc cceccceeeceeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseseeeseeeeeaes 23 2 1 General information about the structured text ccccececeseeeeeeeeeeeeees 23 2 1 1 ThE MaiIN progr aM esineen arein 23 201 2 FUNCUONS ociste e NE 25 2 1 3 Integration of libraries esssse
74. ess 57 2 621 IF ELSIF ELS Ensen unnin aaneen giketa 57 26 2 CASE insStuUCON sssrinin aR REENA EEEN 59 27 Functions INST 1G cccatesibecansstiedavioadectasaste e tana E 59 2 7 1 Definition of function cece eeeccee cece eeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeesetnneeeeeeers 60 2 7 2 Function declaration sisihina aaan akkaa 61 2 7 3 Use of a function in the main program sseeeeeeeeeeeeeeereere 61 2 8 Auxiliary conditions for code development in ST16 cceeeeeeeees 62 H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 29 Three OXAMPIOS erciensoecebeletccdtenvecveletedevdbenes devetetnen sun centeby eeceslen cveteeneeds 64 Error messages of the Compiler c cccccceceeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeseeeees 73 gA Compller c daities nei nan ne Ane 73 3 1 1 Warning Messages ccecceeesseceeeesseeeeeeseeeeesensaeeeseneaeeeneneaees 73 3 1 2 Severe WAININGS ccescceeeeceneeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeteaeeseaeeeeaeeteaeeeteneeee 77 3 1 3 Error M SSAQOS 26 0 4 c ceeds a eet eee entender 78 3 2 Error messages for Fitter ee cceeeeeeseeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeteeeaeeeteeeeeeseeeaeeers 97 FUNCTIONS IN standard lib eee eect eee eene eee nasua keen a 99 Keywords reserved in ST16 ccccccceeceeeeeeeceneeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseaeesenaeetseeeseaees 105 5N ZR20W es bdesenn aasi neas a a hee aa ee a ieee 106 52 ZX20AT vrii aniatra
75. esssessssrresrnnerernresernnerernnenennnerennne 26 2 2 Variables and naming conventions eeeseeeeeeeeseisererreererrserrrrnerennses 26 2 2 1 Naming of Variables s sesssseesirsssssrrnsrrnnsrrnnrnsrnnnnrnnnnnrrnnnnrnnnne 26 2 2 2 General declaration format and variable typeS eeeee 26 2 2 3 Data types in ST16 0 e ec eccececeeeeseeeeeee scenes eeeaeeseeeeseeaeeteeeeteneeee 30 2 2 4 Declaration of data related variables ceeeeseeeeeeeneeeeeeaes 31 2 2 5 Declaration configuration of variables with periphery FOTO ENCE A E A 35 2 3 Properties of variables sssserssssiiisniranunannnii aa aan na aAA Ea NRA NR R s 45 2 3 1 Properties sorted according to the variable types 46 2 3 2 Syntax of configuration instructions cccccccesseeesssteeeeeeees 49 2 3 3 Data types and their propertieS s sssssseserrressrrresernnesrrnnerernne 52 2 4 Instructions and OPErAatOIS ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeees 53 2 4 1 General instructions about allocations cccceeeeteeeeteeees 54 2 4 2 Presentation of Constant c cccceeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeeess 54 2 4 3 Expressions in ST16 cccccceseeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeseeeseeeeeseeeeseeeeseaeeee 55 2 5 INSHHUCTIONS in STIE ccaicsscecansssdedasieadeciasasts sated favavestnannssinctevincrnenriene Gas 56 2 6 Selection Instructions in ST16 cccscccesssseeeesssneeeseseseeessesseeesseeee
76. f the MAC address you can identify the PLC on which the program file has to be transmitted as this address is affixed on a label on the right side of the PLC By double clicking on the desired MAC address in the list alternatively Single mouse click Clicking the button Transmit amp Program the program file can be transmitted to the selected PLC Note Step 1 and step 2 must be executed only when the Programming Tool is opened for the first time The selected network interface is saved and H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 16 automatically entered when the Programming Tool is opened the next time so that the list of PLCs accessible in the network appears immediately During the programming operation two message windows appear see Fig 9 The first window shows the transmission of data via the network to the PLC while the second reflects the n programming process of the FPGA within the PLC which naturally lasts for a longer period in the E programming mode 1 see section 1 6 1 Since no r D E Ex_Press 5 l ca x Transmission of program data Ex Press 5 2 E feedback is sent by the PLC to the PC about the Start of the programming progress of programming during this span of time the progress bar in the second message window is s a
77. figuration must generally be placed only in the main program and not in functions and is made via assignment equations which only may be written outside all control flow structures IF CASE For program access outside the configuration the variables with a peripheral relationship have got a data type which comes into play for read or write access 2 2 5 1 VAR_TIMER A timer for the PLCs of the ZX20 family is generated with the following declarations VAR_TIMER lt timer_var gt lt timer_var2 gt END_VAR An example VAR_TIMER timer_ex timer_one_shot END_VAR This declaration generates one or more timers of the implicit data type TIMER The operation of the timer can be influenced by several parameters The activities can be controlled with a start value an Enable signal also known as the Gate signal a Reset signal a mode parameter that switches between continuous and single shot as well as the configuration of the polarity e Duration of the time interval As a standard the timer counts with 2 MHz from a start value down to 0 The definition of the start value takes place with a time specification us ms s min for microseconds milliseconds seconds and minutes The time value is directly assigned to the declared variable H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The
78. fined likewise application specific messages can be defined which can then be given out by occurrence of certain events For ZX20AT it is also possible to use 8 A D inputs as well as 4 D A outputs Timers These functionalities are administered with the help of data using peripheral functions This includes VAR_TIMER lt timer_var gt lt timer_var2 gt END_VAR This declaration generates one or more timers of the implicit data type TIMER for which special properties must then be determined particularly the duration Counters VAR_COUNTER lt counter_var gt lt counter_var2 gt END_VAR This declaration generates one or more counters of the implicit data type COUNTER for which special properties must then be determined particularly the number of events to be counted H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 29 Messages A variable of the class VAR_MESSAGE can be declared when you want to send messages to a central unit The declaration of the variables of the implicit type MESSAGE has the following format VAR_MESSAGE lt message_var gt lt message_var2 gt END_VAR When a specific event occurs the message is saved in the PLC at the moment of its occurrence Variable values that are applicable at this point of time can also be included in th
79. fined as an integer FIXP and UFIXP as a fixed point number The leading letter U means unsigned i e the number is interpreted here without a sign else it will be interpreted as signed For integers INT UINT the brackets of the number format include a list of maximum 16 binary variables separated by comma The bit to the left is the one with maximum value msb most significant bit the one on the right is the one with the minimum value lsb least significant bit These bits are transformed to an integer depending on the number format and given out For a fixed point format the number of digits before and after the point are specified by corresponding integer numbers separated by a comma before the list of binary signals H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 44 5 The number of data values per message is limited to 6 whereas the number of binary signals for all outputs is limited to a total of 32 Few examples for this VAR_MESSAGE Over31_low Value Block 1 n SVARFUNC UINT Q09 Q8 Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 n Bit caren 2 Overl5_high Value Block 2 n SVARFUNC FIXP 2 1 Q26 Q25 Q24 Q23 Q22 Q21 Q20 Q19 Q18 n Bit 10 2 END_VAR V ARFUNC UINT Q9 Q8 Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 puts out an integer value 0 255 formed
80. from the Q9 bits msb Q2 lsb N ARFUNC FIXP 2 1 Q26 Q25 Q24 Q23 Q22 Q21 Q20 Q19 Q18 puts out a fixed point value 25 6 0 0 25 5 formed from the Q26 bits sign Q25 msb Q18 lsb The output format resulting from the format specifications is displayed in the message preview by the character also for the decimal point Thus the second output from the example fixed point format is displayed as such LCD 1 Value Block 2 Het HH Bit 10 2 i ST16 uses the binary number format for internal representations and the decimal format for external outputs in the messages The conversion takes place according to the following rules 1 The following applies to the UINT and UFIXP formats The Isb of the format specification to the extreme right is multiplied by 1 the next by 2 then by 4 8 and so on and the results are added a As regards UINT this is the decimal value to be displayed b As regards UFIXP the number of digits after the decimal point is counted from the right if required also extended with zeroes then the decimal point is set and one more 0 is written before that if required H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 45 2 As regards the INT and FIXP formats a differentiation must first be made whether the msb t
81. functions with the corresponding icons in the toolbar see Fig 1 below or with the keyboard entries Ctrl N Ctrl O or Fig 1 Project commands Ctrl W Save PLC as Close Project Ctri W ae f H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 6 1 1 1 Functions of the Project Manager New Project creates a new project folder A Windows file selection window titled Create new project folder opens In its navigation line above select the storage location path specification and then enter the name of the new project folder in the entry field after File name Click Open to create a new file directory folder with the selected name on the hard disk where all the files belonging to the project are saved Open Project opens an existing project folder Click once with the mouse or double click on the corresponding file directory to see the project folder name in the field behind Folder Click on Select folder to open the project folder Note If you double click the project folder in the file selection window opens but the files contained therein are not displayed the file selection window is empty because the folder has to be selected and not the files contained therein With the menu item Close Project an open project is closed If you did not sav
82. haracter string is replaced with the character string in the Replace Text Otherwise the next match is searched from the current cursor position onwards and the found character string is replaced with the character string in the Replace Text Replace All Within the source code all the matches for Searching Text are replaced with the character string in Replace Text without a query Then a message window appears with the number of replacements made When you click on the menu item Print in the File menu the Windows Print dialogue opens with which you can print the content of the currently H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 12 open editor window The syntax highlighting is retained on the expression Additionally line numbers are added to the text 1 4 The ST Compiler If a source code is completed in the structured text such that all the minimum required elements are available see section 2 1 1 a run of the compiler can be executed which first examines the source code to ensure that it is free of errors and provided that it is fault free translates the structured text in VHDL code Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language A compiler run can be executed with a mouse click on the item Compile in the menu Compil
83. ie retained at 50 throughout the process and reaches l Fig 9 Message window 100 only at the end of the programming Programming Tool 1 7 The information window Besides the Editor window the Device Manager and Process View the user interface has other windows which display information about the programmed application or messages of the Compiler or Fitter The total number of windows is seven whereby four of these are located in the lower part of the user interface as tabs These windows are Output window Error Messages V O assignment and Messages Preview To the right of the editor window another window Network Variables can be displayed Yet another window shows the installed version of EX_PRESS 5 and contains the copyright and licensing information In addition there is a window that displays the contents of libraries The information windows are described in detail below 1 7 1 The Output Window Messages generated by the Compiler or Fitter are displayed in the Output Window In the basic settings only the information about the start and end of the Compiler or Fitter is displayed along with the required running time If the diagnostic mode is enabled via the Settings menu item Output Window H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 17 fur
84. ign must be considered in any case An exception to this are logical comparisons which as a result will get the type BOOL in ST16 identical with BIT If the comparison is true the result is 1 or TRUE else 0 or FALSE 2 5 Instructions in ST16 The instructions in ST16 include the following program structures e Assignments to variables the variable types VAR VAR_INTERN VAR_OUTPUT and EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT with a value which arises from a constant a variable or a combination of variables see 2 4 3 e Functions calls these can also be written in the form of assignments to variables variable types VAR VAR_INTERN VAR_OUTPUT and EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT e Conditional statements whereby assignments and function calls are combined with conditions see 2 6 The configuration instructions see 2 3 2 have a similar syntax but they are not instructions in the sense of the program structure The syntax of an assignment to a variable is lt dest_variable gt lt constant gt lt variable gt lt expression gt H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 57 2 6 Conditional statements in ST16 A PLC algorithm generally includes branching case differentiations etc For this purpose two conditional statements are included in ST16 IF lt condition gt THEN lt expression gt
85. ince all instructions also all function calls are simultaneously executed parallel to each other To make this possible the Compiler must copy functions at every calling point in the program as if you would have written the code without a function This is called inline code However you should use functions for structuring the program and simultaneously to save the writing effort This note gives just a warning against any expectations of saving program space 2 9 Three examples The first example shows a kind of self generated sequential light Linear Feedback Shift Register LFSR with a length of 15 bit For this the program uses the Shift function SHL of the standard lib library Gas KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Linear Feedback Shift Register KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK USES defines the specific use of SHL shift left from standard lib in the program an T USELIB standard lib Not absolutely essential since standard lib is default USES SHL standard lib PROGRAM LFSR PLC_NAME LSFR_PLC2 PLC_TYPE ZX20T VAR_INPUT p_on_reset AT POR END_VAR VAR X INT 0 X0 INT H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 END_VAR VAR_TIMER timerl END_VAR VAR_OUTPUT Q0
86. is message At most 8 of such user defined messages can be declared per PLC Analogue Digital converter A D converters are only permitted in the ZX20AT 1 A D converter with 8 inputs is integrated in this PLC the maximum conversion width is 16 bit and the conversion rate is 200 kSPS kilo Samples per Second at full resolution The declaration of a variable of the class VAR_ADC with the implicit type ADC which is processed as BIT_ ARRAY with Read only functionality takes place via VAR_ADC lt adc_var gt AT lt ADC_In gt lt adc_var2 gt AT lt ADC_In2 gt END_VAR The declaration of an analogue input also includes the option of assigning a physical input e g AT AIn_01 Digital Analogue converter D A converters are only permitted in the ZX20AT 1 D A converter with 4 outputs is integrated in this PLC the maximum conversion width is 16 bit and the conversion rate is 200 kSPS kilo Samples per Second at full resolution The declaration of a variable of the class VAR_DAC with the implicit type DAC which is processed as BIT_LARRAY with Write only functionality takes place via VAR_DAC lt dac_var gt AT lt DAC_Out gt lt dac_var2 gt AT lt DAC_Out2 gt END_VAR H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 30 The declaration of an analogue outp
87. l losses of information UINT_TO_USINT UINT Complete name Unsigned Integer to Unsigned Short Integer Return value USINT Parameters UINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an unsigned integer value 16 bit without sign in an unsigned short integer value 8 bit without sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information UINT_TO_DINT UINT Complete name Unsigned Integer to Double Integer Return value DINT Parameters UINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an unsigned integer value 16 bit without sign in a double integer value 32 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information USINT_TO_INT USINT Complete name Unsigned Short Integer to Integer Return value INT Parameters USINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an unsigned short integer value 8 bit without sign in an integer value 16 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information USINT_TO_SINT USINT Complete name Unsigned Short Integer to Short Integer Return value SINT Parameters USINT H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 4 Functions in standard lib 104 Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an unsigned short integer value 8 bit
88. lf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 18 1 7 5 Network Variables window The Network Variables window can be displayed at the right side of the editor window via the menu View sub menu Window menu item Network Variables A list of network variables declared in the source code having the variable class EXTERN VAR_INPUT or EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT see section 2 2 4 is given out If appropriate external output variables of another PLC are found for the external input variables within the project these are displayed as source Note The contents of the Network Variables window are updated only after closing and opening the project once again 1 7 6 The Info window The Info window is called with the menu item About in the Help menu or alternatively via the icon in the toolbar In the message window that opens information appears about the installed version of EX_PRESS 5 the copyright details as well as e mail and Internet contact data of ZANDER manufacturer as well as the license data for the user which is inserted at the time of installation 1 7 7 Library Contents window After selecting the menu entry Library Contents in the Library menu a file selection dialogue opens with which a library lt library name gt lib can be selected Then an information window appe
89. lt expression2 gt ELSIF lt condition2 gt THEN lt expression gt lt expression2 gt ELSE lt expression gt lt expression2 gt END_IF and CASE lt var_name gt OF lt value_I gt lt value_k gt lt expression gt lt expression2 gt lt value_2 gt lt value_m gt lt expression gt lt expression2 gt ELSE lt expression gt lt expression2 gt END_CASE Both program structures are equally suitable for case distinctions or branching so you can decide which one to use Generally the CASE statement is selected for multiple branching whereas few conditions are encoded with IF THEN IF and CASE statements can be nested in ST16 in any manner up to a depth of 10 The statements in detail 2 6 1 IF ELSIF ELSE In the IF structure there is at least one condition and one instruction The condition must result in a Boolean value true false or 1 0 during the evaluation e g as a result of a comparison If the condition is true at runtime the following instructions are executed not otherwise H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 58 The IF with the condition can be followed by as many instructions as desired all of which are precisely executed if the condition is fulfilled Please note that the sequence of instructions is not
90. must be defined for the timer or counter in any case This can also be set to the constant 0 in that case a reset is not defined Such an assignment to the timer counter property RESET has not been made please assign a RESET signal to the timer counter E625 Timer Counter must have a polarity definition The polarity definition controls the logical state of the timer or counter value internal of the type BOOL or BIT in the active state while counting or at the start of counting For a precise description of the signal behaviour see section 2 2 5 1 or section 2 2 5 2 The behaviour is specified via the polarity instruction lt Name gt POL HIGHILOW which is missing here Please re enter this instruction E626 Mode definition for Timer Counter is missing An operating mode must be defined for every timer or counter SINGLE_ SHOT SINGLE_SHOT_SE CONT CONT_SE For a precise description of the modes see section 2 2 5 1 or section 2 2 5 2 This specification lt Name gt MODE was forgotten here Please re enter the instruction E627 Clock signal definition for Counter is missing While the timers are connected to the internal clock signal automatically the clock signal has to be explicitly assigned for counters in the form lt Name gt CLK Please add this clock instruction to the source code E630 Value for timer counter missing or incorrect For the value assignment to a timer or counter you ha
91. n de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 74 W041 No PROGRAM statement found Actually a ST16 program must always have a PROGRAM statement i e the Compiler must be made aware of the beginning of the instructions The only exception is a file which only contains functions e g for libraries The warning is given out if the Compiler finds a FUNCTION statement but no PROGRAM statement You can ignore the warning if you intended to do so W051 Separating character is Defined as an ALIAS variable a variable of the type BIT_LARRAY whereby the individual bit values correspond to other variables and hence the assignment must be in the form of a variable list The variable names are separated with a comma however a semi colon is used W052 Separating character is For the declaration of variables of the same storage class VAR_INPUT VAR_INTERN and the same data type variables can be listed whereby they should be separated with a semi colon However a comma is used here W053 Single found The Compiler has detected a blank line which exclusively has a semi colon W061 Only single underscores are allowed for separation A rule regarding the nomenclature of variables and functions is that these can contain letters numbers as well as single underscores Here the last rule is violated W081 Too many constants are given in OF construct rest is omitted You can define a series of values within a CASE
92. n of external input and or output variables takes place via EXTERN VAR_INPUT lt extern_input_var gt lt var_type gt lt extern_input_var2 gt lt var_type2 gt END_VAR or EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT lt extern_output_var gt lt var_type gt lt extern_output_var2 gt lt var_type2 gt END_VAR Here too any number of declarations can be made till the capacity limit is reached currently the upper limits are 32 output bits and 128 input bits If data types other than BIT are used e g INT more bits are required for the transmission thus the number of bits and not the number of variables must be restricted The following example shows the use of external variables in combination with local outputs H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 33 EXTERN VAR_INPUT X1 INT END_VAR VAR_OUTPUT Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 END_VAR VAR_ALIAS Out Q15 Q14 Q13 Q12 Q11 Q10 Q9 Q8 Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 QOJ END_VAR Out X1 The network sends an integer variable X1 to the PLC whose value is given to the local outputs QO to Q15 Since the local outputs can only be of the type BIT an ALIAS is specified as an auxiliary structure see section 2 2 4 4 which corresponds to the output and is of
93. name identifier may have 20 characters at most A variable name may only begin with a letter further characters can be digits letters or the underscore _ all other characters especially full stops dots commas hyphens etc are not allowed Uppercase and lowercase letters are differentiated 2 2 2 General declaration format and variable types The variables used in a program or a function must be declared before the use their scope is restricted to that part in which they are declared i e to PROGRAM END_PROGRAM or FUNCTION END_FUNCTION H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 27 The general format is lt Modifier gt lt variable type gt lt names list gt lt data type gt lt names list gt lt data type gt END_VAR The following specifications are allowed as variable types Table 2 2 1 Variable types in ST16 PROGRAM FUNCTION VAR_INPUT VAR_OUTPUT VAR VAR_INTERN VAR_ALIAS VAR_TIMER VAR_COUNTER VAR_MESSAGE VAR_ADC VAR_DAC gt lt lt lt P lt PS PS TPS P lt gt lt 2 2 2 1 Variable types for data We can differentiate between two different meanings with regard to the variables in ST16 There are variables for data i e they are used in the conventional sense and variables for the peripheral
94. ne another If AO gt A1 is true El is assigned the sum of A2 and A3 and so on However it is important that the ELSIF branch is run only if AO is less than or equal to Al and AO has the value 0 A value pair of 0 1 for AO and A1 leads to the assignment E1 A2 A3 although AO has the value 0 The ELSIF branch is enabled only if the condition of the prior IF branch puts out the value false H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 59 2 6 2 CASE instruction The CASE instruction has identical structures which are included in the keywords CASE and END_CASE The CASE is again followed by an expression which is evaluated and which puts out a result instantaneously at runtime A 0 or 1 for Boolean variables or expressions a constant within the value range for INT BIT_ARRAY etc After the keyword OF a list of constant results which the expression can assume and which will lead to the subsequent actions is separated by commas After the colon that follows several actions can be defined which are executed at this place The remaining case i e the description of the default case whereby the exceptions are specified in the CASE lists can be specified after the keyword ELSE An example of a list of constant results is seen below in a 3 bit counter co
95. nt descriptions ST itself is defined within the IEC DIN EN 61131 3 standard With ST16 the PLC programs can be described in a familiar form for a completely new type of PLC which operates on the basis of Programmable Logic Devices PLD without any cycle times This can be done by a Compiler by converting the ST16 source code to VHDL Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language i e a hardware description language Like any other program which is written in a standard language for a target system ST16 also has a definite form which must be maintained The main program is enclosed by a frame formed by the keywords PROGRAM and END_PROGRAM This frame must include the declaration of the variables and the functions that are used as well as the instructions which influence these variables Every text outside this frame is evaluated as a comment and is thus indispensable for the PLC description it can increase the legibility of your program considerably Comments within the actual program can be inserted between the character strings and In addition to this a line comment can be initiated with equivalent to C C C H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 24 The frame structure of a ST 16 program without using functions looks like this Any
96. o the extreme left is 0 or 1 If it is 0 the procedure under 1 is followed If it is 1 the two s complement is first formed and then the procedure under 1 is followed The result is then negative The two s complement is formed by inverting all bits of the binary representation ones complement and then adding 1 An example The binary representation is 11000000 In the UINT format the result is 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 8 OF 16 O 32 1 64 1 128 192 From the same bit combination the two s complement TC is first formed in the INT format since the msb has the value 1 TC 1 1000000 00111111 1 01000000 binary The evaluation yields a numerical value of 64 thus the result is 64 2 3 Properties of variables As already shown in the declarations the variables have properties which can be configured depending on the variable type and the data type To sum it Specific properties can be assigned to the declared variables using configuration instructions in the assignment part these are extremely important for the operation H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 46 2 3 1 Properties sorted according to the variable types 2 3 1 1 VAR_INPUT Permitted data types e BIT BOOL Configurable properties o TDB Time value for individual debounce time The l
97. ogical value for the input is only accepted if the signal remains stable at least throughout the configured time value Permissible time units are us ms and s Note If the TDB property is not configured for an input debouncing does not take place i e every signal change from approx lus duration is identified and this may lead to reactions of the PLC e CLK Synchronisation with a clock signal edge a D flip flop is connected downstream to the input If TDB is simultaneously used TDB has priority and the Compiler displays a warning message e RE Reset signal asynchronous reset setting to 0 without clock edge of the D flip flop connected downstream 2 3 1 2 VAR_OUTPUT Permitted data types e BIT BOOL Configurable properties e CLK Synchronisation with a clock signal edge o RE Reset signal asynchronous reset set to 0 without clock edge 2 3 1 3 EXTERN VAR_INPUT Permitted data types e BIT BOOL e BIT_ARRAY e DINT INT SINT e UINT USINT H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 47 Configurable properties e CLK Synchronisation with a clock signal edge o RE Reset signal asynchronous reset set to 0 without clock edge 2 3 1 4 EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT Permitted data types e BIT BOOL e BIT_ARRAY e DINT INT SINT e UINT USINT
98. ollowing query Shall the ST file be removed from the project file too If you select No the PLC is removed from the project only temporarily for the ongoing session The PLC appears once again after you close and reopen the project If you click Yes the PLC is permanently deleted from the project and moved to a sub directory removed_devices If required you can retrieve it from here back into the project e g after accidental deletion via Open PLC H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 9 1 2 2 Additional functions The Device Manager offers certain additional functions which are accessible via context menus by right clicking on elements If you right click on the project name a context menu opens with the menu items New PLC Rename and Information New PLC is synonymous with New PLC from the file menu see above With Rename you can change the project name In this process the name of the project directory on the hard disk is also changed With Information the Overview window in the editor area is displayed If you right click on the PLC name a context menu opens with the menu items Rename Delete and Clean folder Rename Change the name of the PLC Delete Remove the PLC from the project Clean folder
99. ompile Programming Library Viev Process Window key x EJ Fit The Fitter is started automatically along with the Compiler if programming of PLC see section 1 6 is selected after a Fig 6 Fit source code change x 1 6 The Programming Tool The Programming Tool in EX_PRESS 5 facilitates the transmission of a program file which has been generated by the Compiler and the Fitter into a PLC For this purpose the PLC must be connected with the same network as the PC via its Ethernet interface direct connection with the PC via the Cat 7 patch cable enclosed in the EX_PRESS 5 package or connection via one or more network switches The voltage supply to the PLC must be switched on 1 6 1 Programming modes There are two programming modes which can be selected alternatively 1 Programming PLC The program file is transmitted in a non volatile manner to the Flash memory of the FPGA This process lasts for 40 seconds 2 Test program on PLC The program file is transmitted to the volatile memory of the FPGA This process lasts for only a few seconds and enables quick testing of an application during the program development phase ATTENTION In this mode the program is not saved in a non H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 14 volatile manner in the F
100. ompiler puts out an error 2 3 2 8 Assignment of a time value to a timer lt timer_name gt lt time_value gt The assigned time value is the initial value of the timer counting is started from this value downwards to 0 This value a positive integer with a time unit specification microseconds us milliseconds ms seconds s or minutes min with a maximum value of barely 18 min is reloaded in the CONT mode after reaching 0 or after a reset 2 3 2 9 Assignment of a start value to the counter lt count_name gt lt pos_const31 gt The start value is the initial value of the counter counting is started from this value downwards to 0 This value a positive constant with at most 31 bit width decimal 1 to 1800000000 is reloaded into the counter in the CONT mode after reaching 0 or after a reset H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 52 2 3 2 10 Assignment of the bit width to ADC and DAC variables lt adc_dac_var gt WIDTH lt pos_const4 gt The AD and DA conversion internally always takes place with 16 bit width however the internal application can be limited This takes place by setting the bit width which must be a constant number between 1 and 16 pos_const4 In the ADC the lower bits which are not suitable in the selected format are reject
101. onding file is blocked Try to remove this block or bypass it by changing the directory E901 Too many or severe errors in the declaration Syntax analysis will not continue This is not an independent error message but the result of previous messages It implies that the errors must be eliminated first before the program can be analysed further Please note that even after correcting the specified errors more errors may be found in the program since the Compiler had not been able to do a complete analysis E902 Neither inputs nor outputs are declared Syntax analysis will not continue The Compiler has detected that neither inputs nor outputs have been declared and aborts further analysis E911 Unexpected End of File The Compiler has detected an end of file which has occurred in the middle of an incorrect declaration assignment etc E912 Line is too long The maximum line length i e the number of characters up to a semi colon is 1024 This number was exceeded Please try to formulate a shorter instruction or contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 97 E921 Unknown PLC type found A PLC type which is not available was selected in the PLC_TYPE assignment Please correct your entry E999 Unknown error This error me
102. ool the program file whose source code is marked as active in the Device Manager is already entered here When you click with the mouse on the Select button a file selection window opens where you can select another program file H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 1 The Program Development System EX_PRESS 5 15 r E Programming Tool Program file m Select D Zander EX_PRESS S Beispiele ZX20T EMV EMY 1 xsvf L Interface Please select the network interface from which the PLC ts accessible Beet PCIe GBE Femily Controler PP 192 1638 15 61 __ Search ZenderNet compatible PLC Select target PLC to which the design shall be transmitted by double diding Fig 8 Programming Tool Three more steps must be executed for transmitting the selected program 1 Under the heading 1 Interface there is a drop down menu where you have to select the network interface of the PC through which the PLC can be addressed 2 When you have selected the correct interface you must click with the mouse on the field Search ZanderNet compatible PLCs under the heading 2 Search Then all the PLCs that are accessible via the network are displayed under 3 PLCs with their MAC addresses the CPU version and the PLC names PLC_NAME of the last transmitted program files 3 With the help o
103. or IP This error message is based on the Internet Protocol IP Version 4 Here you can specify a masking value which shows the affiliation to a network Assignment is made to the default variable IP_MASK This masking value is subject to a precise format While the IP address can be defined freely the masking value may only have leading ones A mask 255 255 255 0 is allowed but a mask such as 255 255 1 0 is not allowed Please use a valid masking value E201 Pin cannot be defined by number An attempt is made to define a connecting terminal for an input or output in the source code using a simple number H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 88 For troubleshooting please use the names specified for the respective PLC for ZX20T these are In_01 to In_20 Out_01 to Out_16 and for ZX20AT In_01 to In_12 Out_01 to Out_12 AlIn_01 to AIn_08 AOut_01 to AOut_04 E205 This pin was declared before An attempt was made to assign an already used connecting terminal to a second signal Please check to which signal you want to assign this connection Only one assignment is possible whereby you can naturally use the signal multiple times internally E206 Wrong pin type is chosen This message is put out if you select a correct basic name of the connection e g In_XX
104. ou have specified an incorrect name or an incorrect ending The standard ending extension is lib which can be omitted all other endings must be specified completely in the USELIB instruction Please check your specification and correct it if required If the file is available it should be released for reading access W404 Library lt Library name gt is already included This warning is put out when you make an attempt to integrate a library via the USELIB instruction the second time E g this warning is given out when H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 77 USELIB standard 1ib already exists in the program file since standard lib is already included by default S LIB instruction in the You can either ignore this warning or delete the US program text W411 Library lt Library name gt shows an internal error This warning means that the Compiler could not read the library correctly because certain formatting rules were not followed The reason for this could be a corrupt library file the contents of which have been changed You should replace the file e g by re installing it or perform a re compiling to the library W421 Function lt Function name gt was not found The Compiler has got the library but the function specified via U
105. pper_limit or lower limit lower_1limit is reached Starting from this limit the return value persists whereby it can change in the other direction at any point of time Thus the application implements a sort of saturating increment or decrement H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Example for the use of functions KEK KK KK KK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KK KKK KKKKEKKE FUNCTION sat_inc_dec INT VAR_INPUT count_value INT up_down BIT upper_limit INT lower_limit INT END_VAR VAR_INTERN Next_Value INT END_VAR IF up_down 1 THEN IF count_value lt upper_limit Next_Value count_value ELSE Next_Value count_value END_IF ELS E IF count_value gt lower_limit Next_Value count_value ELSE Next_Value count_value END_IF END_IF sat_inc_dec Next _Value Value assignment to function END_FUNCTION PROGRAM Test_Case 67 The programming language ST16 THEN 1 THEN 1 0 Backwards PLC_NAME FUNCTION_TEST PLC_TYPE ZX20T VAR_INPUT UP_NDOWN Log 1 Forward log p_on_reset AT POR Power On Reset END_VAR H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 4
106. program can have a limited number of bits as per the configuration instruction lt dac_name gt WIDTH lt constant gt lt constant gt 2 3 16 In this case the lower bits Isb will be cut An example VAR_DAC DA_O AT AOut_0O1 DXY AT AOut_04 END_VAR DA_O WIDTH 8 DXY WIDTH 10 Here 2 DA converters are declared conversion period total 10 us The values used in the program are 8 bit wide for DA_0 and 10 bit for DXY The write only variable DA_0 corresponds to a BIT_ARRAY 8 DXY toa BIT_ARRAY 10 2 2 5 5 VAR_MESSAGE A variable of the type MESSAGE which is declared with the declaration of the VAR_MESSAGE class combines a text output message with an event The text which is given out in a user defined format is saved in the PLC with the event time and can be retrieved via ZanderNet A PLC saves the last 100 events VAR_MESSAGE lt message_var gt lt message_string gt END_VAR A constant value is assigned to the lt message_var gt variables already in the declaration that is a string lt message_string gt Certain formatting rules are applicable to this string 1 The string is enclosed in inverted commas H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 42 2 The characters allowed in the string are all presentable characters with the exce
107. ption of the inverted commas enclosure the percentage sign which is used for a formatted number output and the backslash see 3 3 A special character is n valid as one character Newline which is defined for skipping to the beginning of a new line 4 A maximum of 20 characters without Newline are possible per line After that a new line starts automatically Because of the interaction between 3 and 4 the specified and the automatic line break the creation of message texts is slightly complicated For this reason the result can be viewed and assessed in the information window Message Preview after a compilation An example of declaration and display of the message VAR_MESSAGE Over31 Part 1 has reached nthe value 31 END_VAR Here the message variable Over31 is declared with the corresponding text This text is displayed in the message preview window in the following manner LCD 0 Part 1 has reached the value 31 In the section of the program instructions within the main program i e below the declaration part a variable of the VAR_MESSAGE type can be assigned a Boolean expression e g the logical combination of several variables etc If this expression assumes the value 1 then the message is generated and saved along with the date and time in the PLC The Boolean expression itself defines the event the event is triggered with the positive edge low high An e
108. r which the generating event and the corresponding message can be defined e ADC for A D converter channels analogue input with conversion in digital value e DAC for D A converter channels analogue output with digital source For these data types which include the peripheral function further rules are applicable for defining their properties and for their usage in programs H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 31 2 2 4 Declaration of data related variables As already mentioned while presenting the variable types a differentiation must be made between data related and peripheral related variables at the time of declaration of variables 2 2 4 1 VAR_INPUT VAR_OUTPUT The variables which are directly related to connecting terminals are declared in the VAR_INPUT and VAR_OUTPUT classes The corresponding format is VAR_INPUT lt input_var gt AT lt Input_Pin gt lt input_var2 gt AT lt Input_Pin2 gt END_VAR or VAR_OUTPUT lt output_var gt AT lt Output_Pin gt lt output_var2 gt AT lt Output_Pin2 gt END_VAR A list of variables can be declared between VAR_INPUT and END_VAR or VAR_OUTPUT and END_VAR only restricted by the number of connections available at the device The data type is always BIT BOOL and for this reason not specified Each
109. relevant in ST16 since all instructions are executed parallel to each other Likewise a variable can be assigned a value in different branches of an IF structure but it can be assigned a value only once within one branch The list of instructions to be processed for the true value of the condition is ended with END_IF ELSIF or ELSE The IF statements can be extended with further ELSIF branches which results in a chain of queries The ELSIF branch is subject to the same syntax as the beginning IF branch i e ELSIF lt condition gt THEN lt expression gt It is inserted before the keyword END_IF Please note that the program does not only run through this branch when the corresponding condition is fulfilled but additionally only if the previous conditions i e IF and all previously existing ELSIF conditions are not fulfilled This ensures that only one branch of the conditional statement is active at a given point of time All conditions which are not available in a particular branch of the chain of queries can be handled by the subsequent ELSE branch This is also optional but it does not include any condition since all the remaining conditions are summed up here An example IF AO gt Al THEN El A2 A3 ELSIF AO 0 THEN El A2 A3 LSE EL 1 END_IF In this example the variables AO and A1 accepted as INT are compared with o
110. riables has led to a cyclic value assignment In the simplest case this takes place with the line a NOT a where a is the Boolean variable with no clock assigned something like a CLK Clock1 More complex cycles are e g a bANDc b NOT d d NOT a or even a NOT b IF a 1 THEN b NOT a ELSE b a END_IF The Compiler identifies such cycles of asynchronous assignments but does not decide whether they are allowed or not A cyclic assignment is allowed precisely if never an inverted bit is assigned to itself If this warning is put out you must examine the algorithm precisely You can ignore the warning but the Fitter will put out an error if there is an inverted assignment of a bit In that case you must change the code e g with a clocked synchronous assignment to one of the variables in the cycle 3 1 3 Error messages E000 Syntax errors Here the compiler detects a general syntax error which is not specified further E001 Identifier lt Identifier_Name gt is a reserved keyword Here an attempt is made to declare a variable with an identifier which is identical with a reserved keyword see list in section 5 Please select another name for the variable H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 79 E002 Identifier name is occupied or reser
111. rs after a further run please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG E1001 Fitting has finished with errors Here the Fitter has definitely found an error The VHDL Compiler returns an error code H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 98 If this error occurs after a further run please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG E1002 File lt file_name gt containing intermediate code could not be found fitting is cancelled The ST Compiler creates a VHDL code file as an important result which is generated from the ST16 code However the Fitter could not find the corresponding file and hence further translation has to be interrupted Please translate the ST code once again and try to run through the entire process successfully If the VHDL code is not available once again although the ST Compiler has not displayed an error please check whether you as the user have write access to the working directory of your source code If this does not take place successfully please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG E1003 File lt file_name gt could not be written fitting is cancelled At the time of fitting some files are generated e g binary files for programming The error implies that a corresponding file could not be generated The reason may be that there is no write access to the dir
112. sponds to a keyword E112 Variable class is not allowed for alias definition An attempt was made to combine variables of not permitted variable types within the scope of an ALIAS declaration Only variables of the type VAR_INPUT VAR VAR_INTERN or VAR_OUTPUT as well as EXTERN VAR_INPUT and EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT are allowed E113 Variables in alias belong to different classes An attempt was made to combine variables of the correct type BIT from different classes VAR_INPUT VAR VAR_INTERN VAR_OUTPUT within the scope of an ALIAS declaration This is not allowed E114 Data type inside alias must be BIT Only variables of the BIT type can be combined within the scope of an ALIAS declaration E115 This extension is unknown An extension e g CLK was used which is not known for this module example CRIT Mostly there is a writing error here E116 This extension is here not valid Principally a permitted extension was found but it is not allowed here Thus you cannot define a clock property CLK in an IF statement or in a function Please select another location for the control signal instruction E117 Unknown data type An unknown data type was selected only BIT DINT UINT INT SINT USINT BYTE WORD BIT_ARRAY and implicit ALIAS are allowed H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error me
113. ssage implies that the Compiler has identified an error clearly but an explicit error message has not been assigned to it until now In such a case please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG Aachen 3 2 Error messages for Fitter The Fitter which translates the code generated by the compiler into the machine language binary code generates very few warning and error messages which are however of great importance Basically these errors should not occur if the Compiler translates correctly If one of the following messages occurs and it cannot be eliminated by re compiling or re installing the system please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG The messages in detail W1001 Warning No VHDL report found possibility of error After the Fitter run VHDL Compiler the report is searched since it contains some information which is evaluated If this report is not legible then it is possible that the previous Fitter run has failed although the ST Compiler has translated a code without error messages If this error occurs after a further run please contact Zander GmbH amp Co KG W1002 Warning No timing report found possibility of error After the Fitter run VHDL Compiler the timing report is searched since it contains some information which is evaluated If this report is not legible then it is possible that the previous Fitter run has failed although the ST Compiler has translated without error messages If this error occu
114. ssages of the Compiler 84 E118 Data type and size do not match E g if you want to define more than 16 bit for BIT_ ARRAY this message will be put out E119 Size of variable is not modifiable In most of the data types the size measured in bit cannot be modified This is only possible for BIT_LARRAY E120 Syntax error missing A bracket in the expression was forgotten E121 This variable has been defined in selection_statement E122 This variable has been defined as a_statement Both these error messages imply that you have already made an assignment in an IF or CASE statement or a direct assignment Since ST16 is a concept of Single Assignment i e a single shot assignment is made to a variable this is not allowed E123 This alias variable is not writable You have made an attempt to assign an ALIAS variable although this is read only This may be the case if the variable is an input variable of a function or e g if it combines variables declared in the VAR_INPUT class E124 This variable has been defined inside alias E125 The use of variable lt var_name gt and alias differs Here you are using a variable which is also combined in an ALIAS variable Please observe certain rules for the variable and PLC assignments The reading usage is arbitrary In the write mode you can assign values to the individual variables as well as to ALIAS variables However if you attempt to do this in an IF or CASE statement th
115. ssignment H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 94 E635 The polarity is already defined for this timer counter variable Here an attempt was made to assign a second polarity to a timer or counter However this is only allowed once Please delete one of the polarity assignments E636 Polarity may be defined only for timer counter Here an attempt was made to assign a POL condition to a variable which neither belongs to the data type TIMER nor COUNTER This is not possible Please delete or correct the polarity assignment E637 CLK condition is only allowed for counter Here an attempt was made to assign a CLK condition to a variable which does not belong to the data type COUNTER This is not possible not for timer too Please delete or correct the CLK assignment E638 A time unit is not allowed for a counter value The value of a counter may only be specified without any time unit since a counter counts pulses But here the counter value was specified with a time unit either correct or incorrect e g us which has led to this error message Please delete the time unit behind the numerical value for correction E641 Debounce time is already defined You can define a debounce time for inputs VAR_INPUT END_VAR via the statement lt VarName gt TDB
116. t found but only a colon E073 Assignment operator is At a point in the source code where there should be clearly no comparison except for IF or ELSIF a comparative sign was found This is not allowed please use the assigning operator E075 Assignment to inputs is not possible An attempt was made to assign a value to a variable defined as VAR_INPUT This is not allowed E101 Assignment or condition results in no valid or definite data type The instruction cannot be evaluated clearly This is e g the case if a constant is assigned to a variable although the type is not suitable e g a value gt 1 toa BIT variable E102 Condition does not result in a boolean expression true false For conditions such as those in the IF statement it is important that these can be clearly assigned to a logical value true or false For example this is the result of a comparison of equality However this is not possible in the objected line H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 83 E110 Unknown variable or operator An undeclared variable or an unknown operator was used E111 Variable in alias was not previously declared or is reserved keyword An attempt was made to use a variable as a member in an ALIAS variable which is either not defined or whose name corre
117. t was made to assign a connecting terminal to an internal variable VAR VAR_INTERN via AT This is not possible Please delete the assignment of the connection E232 No pin assignment possible for external variables An attempt was made to assign a connecting terminal to an external variable EXTERN VAR_INPUT or EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT This is not possible Please delete the assignment of the connection E233 Definition of data type only for internal or external variables valid The data type e g INT can only be specified for external EXTERN VAR_INPUT or EXTERN VAR_OUTPUT or internal variables VAR VAR_INTERN however an attempt was made to define a data type for input output timer counter ADC DAC or Message variable Please remove the specification of the variable or data type E601 Too many user defined IRQs The number of user defined interrupts signal definition and interrupt text is restricted to 8 This number was exceeded Please select a less number of interrupts messages H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 90 E603 Syntax error in message defining string The definition of the output string which the PLC has to create upon the occurrence of a corresponding condition contains a syntax error This happens e g when you create a value output and do
118. tax highlighting The keywords and language elements in the structured text are displayed on the screen in a blue colour remarks are grey and character strings in inverted commas are red All other elements variable names operators etc are displayed on the screen in black The additional functions of the editor are Edit Compile Programming accessible via the Edit menu see Fig 3 above Undo Ctrl Z or via corresponding icons in the toolbar see Redo Ctrl Fig 3 below Cut Ctrlex With the Undo function all the text entries or Copy PIE changes up to the latest compilation process can exes ce be cancelled In the same way the cancelled text ad ce entries or changes can be restored with the ad e a Redo function ee SURN With the functions Copy Cut and Paste ae IL 0 source code segments can be transmitted to other locations of the same source code or into other source codes or also into other applications by using the Windows clipboard With Copy a copy of the selected text segment is copied to the clipboard with Cut the text segment is copied to the clipboard and deleted from the source code whereas Paste inserts the text on the clipboard at the location of the cursor in the source code Fig 3 Editor functions With the Mark all function the entire source code in the enabled Editor window is marked H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 F
119. ters INT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an integer value 16 bit with sign in an unsigned short integer value 8 bit without sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information INT_TO_DINT INT Complete name Integer to Double Integer Return value DINT Parameters INT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an integer value 16 bit with sign in a double integer value 32 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information SINT_TO_UINT SINT Complete name Short Integer to Unsigned Integer Return value UINT Parameters SINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of a short integer value 8 bit with sign in an unsigned integer value 16 bit without sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information SINT_TO_INT SINT Complete name Short Integer to Integer H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 4 Functions in standard lib 101 Return value INT Parameters SINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of a short integer value 8 bit with sign in an integer value 16 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information SINT_TO_USINT SINT Complete name Short Integer to Unsigned Short Integer
120. ther information appears in the Output Window If required the Compiler will display warning messages the meanings of which are explained in section The Fitter also puts out a series of additional information in the diagnostic mode Particularly if the Compiler run takes place fault free however the Fitter identifies an error in the VHDL code you can find the relevant information here 1 7 2 The l O assignment window After a smooth Compiler run a list of the input and output variables used appears in the I O assignment window along with their assignment to the connecting terminals of the PLC This information must particularly be taken into account if the assignment is not explicitly specified in the source code via the keyword AT see section 2 2 4 because the Compiler then makes the assignment automatically 1 7 3 Error Messages window The Error Messages window is shown or enabled whenever the Compiler puts out error messages or severe warnings At the same time the lines of the source code which the error messages or severe warnings refer to are highlighted in red in the editor window 1 7 4 Messages Preview window If the output of messages was configured in the application using the variable class VAR_MESSAGE see section 2 2 5 a preview of these messages is displayed in the Messages Preview window This corresponds to the presentation on a LCD display module H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wo
121. ult algorithms in functions can generally be formulated in a better way H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 26 2 1 3 Integration of libraries Complete functions can be integrated through libraries For this it is first necessary to integrate the library via the USELIB instruction If it does not exist a warning is given out The USELIB instructions are placed before the functions and the main program The USES instruction specifically defines a function from the corresponding library This is necessary so that the Compiler can select this special function and integrate it in the generated code The supplied library standard lib is integrated in the program by default without a separate USELIB instruction The included functions bit shifting functions and data type conversion functions are described in the annex see section Functions in standard lib 2 2 Variables and naming conventions Internal nodes and external inputs outputs which shall be used within ST16 must be given a symbolic name with which it can be addressed within the program Every input output or every node whose name is used must be described in the declaration list before the application Also the assigned name must be unique within the source code 2 2 1 Naming of variables Every assigned
122. unting in the Gray Code which is coded in a CASE structure VAR GRAY UINT END_VAR GRAY CLK Timerl CASE GRAY OF GRAY RAY RAY RAY RAY RAY RAY RAY ELSE GRAY END_CASE Nese e DEREAT e b OT DON WEF oO oP ON DN W EP x e QagaAaAaAAnAAA 0 2 7 Functions in ST16 Functions form one of the most important elements to structure programs They help in partitioning the programs into easy to read sections allow multiple use H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 60 of a code section in the program and help in creating libraries for the purpose of reuse beyond a program The concept in ST16 provides functions for structuring programs and allowing multiple use Three actions are necessary for inserting a function into a ST16 program Definition of the function declaration of the function and usage of the function Note Please note that no other function can be used within the scope of a function definition 2 7 1 Definition of function A function in ST16 is defined before the actual main program i e completely described The definition has the following frame structure FUNCTION lt function_name gt lt return_value gt The section for declaration of variables The instruction section
123. ure Please write the variable property in a direct assignment E142 Constant not correct This error message can have different reasons Firstly the constant may contain characters not permitted e g a letter which is not usable secondly the value range for the current variable may have exceeded if e g a bit value is expected 0 or 1 Please correct the value specification of the constant E143 Integer value max 65535 This error message means that a constant gt 65535 was written in the text This value is currently the maximum permissible value specification depending upon the type of variables Please correct the value specification of the constant E144 Constant value exceeds limits of the array The data type also Bit_Array is explicitly checked to ensure if the constant is permissible it exceeds the value range Please correct the value specification of the constant E145 Constant too long Here the inspection of the length particularly for BIT_ARRAYs revealed that the number of binary digits is too long Please correct the value specification of the constant E146 Constant lt value gt exceeds the limits Here an integer variable was specially inspected to ensure if the value fits within the limits also for negative values Please correct the value specification of the constant E147 Value lt Value gt of the constants is not valid The ZanderNet address which must have a value between 0 and
124. ut also includes the option of assigning a physical output e g AT AOut_01 2 2 3 Data types in ST16 In EX_PRESS 5 the following data types are allowed for variables without peripheral relationship e BIT default value and BOOL for a variable with the permissible values 0 and 1 e DINT for a variable with the value range 2147483648 to 2147483647 32 bit double integer e INT for a variable with the value range 32768 to 32767 16 bit integer e UINT and WORD for a variable with the value range 0 to 65535 16 bit unsigned integer e SINT for a variable with the value range 128 to 127 8 bit short integer e USINT and BYTE for a variable with the value range 0 to 255 8 bit unsigned short integer e BIT_ARRAY xx for a variable as a Bit Array with xx bits xx between 1 and 16 e BIT_ALIAS for a variable in which several variables already declared of type BIT or BOOL are combined Note This data type is implicitly created while declaring the variable type VAR_ALIAS and may not be additionally written into the source code Except for BIT_ALIAS all variables are assigned a start value of 0 if an explicit initialisation value is not assigned in the declaration see 2 2 4 The following data types are allowed for data types with peripheral relationship e TIMER for declared timers which count clock pulses e COUNTER for declared counters which count events e MESSAGE for application specific messages fo
125. ve not specified a value or have specified an incorrect value Only a decimal number is allowed here if required with time unit for timer H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 3 Error messages of the Compiler 93 Please specify a corresponding time value count value in the assignment lt Timer Counter gt lt Value gt for lt Value gt E631 An enable condition is already defined for this timer counter variable Here an attempt was made to assign a second ENABLE condition to a timer or counter However this is only allowed once Please delete one of the ENABLE conditions E632 Enable condition are only allowed for timer or counter Here an attempt was made to assign a ENABLE condition to a variable which neither belongs to the data type TIMER nor COUNTER This is not possible Please delete or correct the ENABLE assignment E633 The mode condition is already defined for this timer counter variable Here an attempt was made to assign a second MODE condition to a timer or counter However this is only allowed once Please delete one of the MODE conditions E634 The mode is only definable for timer counter Here an attempt was made to assign a MODE condition to a variable which neither belongs to the data type TIMER nor COUNTER This is not possible Please delete or correct the MODE a
126. ved keyword Here an attempt is made to declare a variable with an identifier which is already used Please select another name for the variable E003 Expression to complex abort While describing the algorithm the IF and CASE statements can be nested into each other multiple times The maximum permissible nesting depth is 20 which was exceeded Please try to formulate the expression using a lower nesting depth E011 Neither PROGRAM nor FUNCTION statement found This error is given out if neither a PROGRAM statement beginning of the complete program nor a FUNCTION statement beginning of a function which is also logical without PROGRAM e g for a library is found in the source code This error message particularly appears when an attempt is made to compile a blank file E012 Program name missing or not correct Every program which begins with the PROGRAM statement must have a name with which it can be identified Here no name was specified or a name corresponding to a reserved keyword was specified Please complete or replace the program name E013 Identifier too long The current maximum length of identifiers is 20 characters This length has been exceeded please select a shorter identifier E014 Identifier not correct The selected identifier is not correct this could be due to various reasons Thus only letters digits not the first character and simple underscores may be used Certain characters or character
127. without sign in a short integer value 8 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information USINT_TO_UINT USINT Complete name Unsigned Short Integer to Unsigned Integer Return value UINT Parameters USINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an unsigned short integer value 8 bit without sign in an unsigned integer value 16 bit without sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information USINT_TO_DINT USINT Complete name Unsigned Short Integer to Double Integer Return value DINT Parameters USINT Explanation The function creates an explicit casting of an unsigned short integer value 8 bit without sign in a double integer value 32 bit with sign No warnings are given out because of potential losses of information H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 5 Keywords reserved in ST16 105 5 Keywords reserved in ST16 The following keywords are reserved in ST16 and may therefore not be used for other identifiers For all PLCs belonging to the ZX20 family Program structures END_NOMIN NOMIN AND AT CASE ELSE ELSIF END_CASE END_FUNCTION END_IF END_VAR END_PROGRAM EXTERN FUNCTION IF NOT OF OR PROGRAM THEN VAR_ADC VAR VAR_ALIAS VAR_COUNTER VAR_DAC VAR_INPUT VAR
128. xample VAR_INTPUT Enable In2 END_VAR PROGRAM IF Enable Over31 ll SS AND In2 1 THEN ll m H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 43 ELSE Over31 0 END_IF END_PROGRAM The PLC ZX20T AT saves the last 100 events which can then be retrieved by a PC via ZanderNet and also saved there The messages are completely flexible as they have the option of giving out variable numerical values as well A maximum of 6 different numerical values are possible per message whereby the message text must include a format for the output of the number The syntax for the format of the output of a number which must be placed within the message text string in the declaration is 1 2 The format specification is enclosed in the percentage sign For this reason signs were excluded as valid characters in the output text Immediately after the opening percentage sign follows the keyword VAR_FUNC followed by At the end of the format specification 1 e directly before the closing sign is the closing bracket The actual format specification is given within the brackets for VAR_FUNC beginning with one of the keywords INT UINT FIXP UFIXP INT and UINTO put out the number yet to be de
129. y appear the program text Thus the Single Assignment rule does not apply here H ZANDER GmbH amp Co KG Am Gut Wolf 15 52070 Aachen Germany Tel 49 241 9105010 Fax 49 241 91050138 info zander aachen de www zander aachen de 2 The programming language ST16 63 Complete assignment The Single Assignment rule restricts the assignment of values to variables to maximum 1 per branch of a conditional statement If the variable assignment is not clocked i e if there is no configuration for CLK at least one assignment per branch must be available so that the variable is completely defined The reason for this is that a variable would have to retain its value in a branch where there is no explicit assignment for this variable This is an implicit hold condition storage for a variable which is however not possible for variables that are not clocked Violation of this completion rule will lead to an error message of the compiler If the variable is clocked this rule does not apply because these variables are actually saved until the next clock edge appears Independency of cycles Another restriction arising from the concurrency of the instructions in the program is in the cyclic assignment of values to non clocked variables This means that a variable e g a is defined on the basis of b and b on the basis of a i e there is a cycle in the dependency graph Such situations are represented in the following ex

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