USER MANUAL - Kramer Electronics Japan Homepage
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1. by RS 232 commands transmitted by a touch screen control system personal computer or other control system When no signal exists on a selected input the LED in the appropriate button flashes The SD 7308 automatically recognizes the word length for both 10 bit and 8 bit video gt SD 7388 an adjustment free 8x8 matrix switcher for SDI serial digital video signals It is a true matrix allowing any input to be routed to any or all outputs simultaneously It provides automatic equalization for losses on a 75 ohm co axial cable and reclocks each output to provide 8 low jitter serial digital outputs Video standard recognition is automatic and the SD 7388 switches during the vertical interval The SD 7388 accepts either analog or serial video as the external source for its vertical trigger and any output can be assigned as the sync source Front panel buttons RS 232 and RS 485 can control the SD 7388 It is fully compatible with both 10 bit and 8 bit video automatically recognizing word length gt SP 11 video audio Processor can be serially connected between the output of the SD 7401 and the input of the analog source for video control correction The machine provides camera control and luminance white balance correction The SP 11 is also capable of performing composite to Y C conversion and bi directional transcoding The machine allows full control over the video signal video gain down to full fade log or linear definition control lo2. have to read the whole manual If a section doesn t apply to you you don t have to spend your time reading it 4 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS The items contained in your Kramer SDI to Analog Converter package are listed below Please save the original box and packaging materials for possible future shipment SDI to Analog Converter Kramer Concise Product Catalog Power cord This User Manual Rubber Feet VVVV V 5 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES The following accessories which are available from Kramer can enhance implementation of your converter For information regarding cables and additional accessories contact your Kramer dealer gt SD 7308 for switching between SDI sources The machine is a multi standard adjustment free 8x1 switcher for SDI serial digital video signals It accepts up to eight SDI inputs provides necessary buffering and reclocking and routes the selected source to four identical SDI outputs using BNC connectors It provides automatic equalization for losses typical with long runs of 75 ohm co axial cable Depending on the cable and video standard cable length of several hundred meters is possible Standard recognition is automatic and the machine switches during the vertical interval according to KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 5 KRAMER the SMPTE RP 168 standard A rear panel output level control is provided to optimize signal level The input select function of the SD 7308 can be controlled by front panel buttons and
3. quality connectors tend to rust thus causing breaks in the signal path Amplifying circuitry Must have quality performance when the desired result is high linearity low distortion and low noise operation Distance between Plays a major role in the result For long distances over 15 meters sources and acceptors between sources and acceptors special measures should be taken in order to avoid cable losses These include using higher quality cables or adding line amplifiers Interference from These can have an adverse effect on signal quality Balanced audio neighboring electrical lines are less prone to interference but unbalanced audio should be appliances installed far from any mains power cables electric motors transmitters etc even when the cables are shielded KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 4 KRAMER 2 SPECIFICATIONS as SD 7401 FUNCTION SDI to Analog Converter INPUTS SMPTE 259M ITU R BT 601 CCIR 601 75 ohm on a BNC connector OUTPUTS 1 Composite video 1 Vpp 75 ohm on a BNC connector 1 Y C 1Vpp 75 ohm luma 0 3 Vpp 75 ohm chroma on a 4P connector 1 Component GBR Y R Y B Y 1V 0 7V 0 7V 75Q on BNC connectors RESOLUTION Input 10 bit 8 bit D A converters CV Y C 10 bit component 9 bit 3 HOW DOI GET STARTED The fastest way to get started is to take your time and do everything right the first time Taking 15 minutes to read the manual may save you a few hours later You don t even
4. KRAMER KRAMER ELECTRONICS Ltd USER MANUAL Digital SDI to Analog Converter Model SD 7401 IMPORTANT Before proceeding please read paragraph entitled Unpacking and Contents KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD P N 2900 006002 KRAMER Table Of Contents Section Name an a ge oO 1 INTRODUCTION 2 1 1 Digital and Analog Signals 2 1 2 Several Points to Consider when Working with Digital Signals 2 1 3 SDI Standards 4 1 4 Factors Affecting Quality of Results 4 2 SPECIFICATIONS 5 3 HOW DO I GET STARTED 5 4 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS 5 5 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES 5 6 SDI TO ANALOG CONVERTER 6 6 1 Getting to Know Your SD 7401 Converter 6 7 INSTALLATION 7 8 CONNECTING TO DIGITAL VIDEO DEVICES 7 9 TURNING ON THE MACHINES 7 9 1 Operation of the SDI to Analog Converter 8 9 2 Dip Switch settings 8 10 TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE 8 11 TROUBLESHOOTING 8 11 1 Power and Indicators 9 11 2 SDI and Video signals 9 11 3 Noise and Hum 9 Limited Warranty 10 List Of Illustrations Figure Page 1 Digital eye Diagram 3 2 The Digital eye after accumulating noise and jitter 3 3 SD 7401 Front Rear Panel Features i List Of Tables Table Page 1 SD 7401 Front Rear Panel Features 7 2 SD 7401 Dip Switch settings 8 KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 1 KRAMER 1 INTRODUCTION Congratulations on your purchase of this Kramer Electronics SDI Analog converter Since 1981 Kramer has been dedicated to the development and manufacture of high quality vid
5. MITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES All implied warranties including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are limited in duration to the length of this warranty KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 10 KRAMER EXCLUSION OF DAMAGES Kramer s liability for any defective products is limited to the repair or replacement of the product at our option Kramer shall not be liable for 1 Damage to other property caused by defects in this product damages based upon inconvenience loss of use of the product loss of time commercial loss or 2 Any other damages whether incidental consequential or otherwise Some countries may not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts and or do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitations and exclusions may not apply to you This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other rights which vary from place to place NOTE All products returned to Kramer for service must have prior approval This may be obtained from your dealer NOTICE This equipment has been tested to determine compliance with the requirements of EN 50081 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Generic emission standard Part 1 Residential commercial and light industry EN 50082 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC generic immunity standard Part 1 Residential commercial and light industry environment CFR 47 FCC Rules and Regu
6. eferred to simply as a reclocker Equalization is a process of amplifying the input signal to overcome losses on the cable For digital signals this is possible since the correct amplitude of the signal is known Reclocking is a process of cleaning up the signal in the time domain i e removing the jitter which was introduced as a result of the long cable To do this the timing source must be recovered from the signal and the signal is regenerated with stable timing A graphic representation of the timing and amplitude distortions is shown in an eye diagram as below Serial Signal Clock Trigger Oscilloscope 20 to 80 Risetime 42 75 to 1 5 ns Unit Interval gt i Figure 1 Digital eye Diagram Increase in jitter and decrease in amplitude cause the eye to close It is clear that jitter of more than 50 would result in an irretrievable signal cliff effect Decision Point Figure 2 The Digital eye after accumulating noise and jitter KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 3 KRAMER 1 3 SDI Standards Today uncompressed digital video usually refers to digital component video the ITU R BT 601 standard This is based on a sampling of component video The sampling scheme stipulates one luminance Y sample for each pair of color difference R Y and B Y samples Luminance sampling is done at 13 5MS s mega samples per second and each color diffe
7. eo audio equipment The Kramer line has become an integral part of many of the best production and presentation facilities around the world In recent years Kramer has redesigned and upgraded most of the line making the best even better Kramer s line of professional video audio electronics is one of the most versatile and complete available and is a true leader in terms of quality workmanship price performance ratio and innovation In addition to the Kramer line of high quality distributors such as the one you have just purchased Kramer also offers a full line of high quality switchers processors interfaces controllers and computer related products This manual includes configuration operation and option information for the SD 7401 SDI to Analog converter 1 1 Digital and Analog signals An analog signal varies continuously It may have any value within its physical bounds and can change at any instant A digital signal is made up of a finite number of discrete levels usually but not always changing only at discrete time periods An example of a digitized waveform is shown below ANALOG SIGNAL DIGITAL SIGNAL 1 2 Several points to consider when working with digital signals The minimum noise introduced by quantizing is 1 bit 1 level so the higher the n
8. ernal 75 color bar generator whose timing is based on the SDI input The SD 7401 encodes 525 line signals to NTSC M and 625 lines to PAL B Versions designed for other standards such as SECAM PAL M and NTSC 4 43 may be available by special request When encoding NTSC the unit may be programmed with or without a 7 5 IRE setup pedestal Panel features of the SD 7401 are described in Figure 3 and Table 1 KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 6 KRAMER Py G O91019 Figure 3 SD 7401 Front Rear Panel Features Table 1 SD 7401 Front Rear Panel Features 2 POWER Power ON Off Switch illuminates when toggled OUTPUT Video Component output format selector buttons YUV or RGB SDI SDI input BNC connector a VIG BIB RVR Video Component output BNC T e ev Composite video outputonaBNC A POWER SOCKET A socket with fuse for connecting the mains power cord 7 INSTALLATION 8 CONNECTING TO DIGITAL VIDEO DEVICES Digital video sources and output devices may be connected to the SDI to Analog converter through the BNC type connector on the back panel SDI signals are very high frequency carrying signals and are sensitive to cable quality and length SDI signals suffer from the cliff effect where the signal looks good after traveling a certain cable length but when the line is extended just a few inches more the signal crashes completely without any warning Keep the length of the cables at the absolute minimum requi
9. g or linear contrast control color saturation control black level control red green and blue controls and a screen splitter control for before after comparison The Input switch control is audio follow video gt VM 1411 Video Balanced Stereo Audio Distribution Amplifier can be serially connected between the SD 7401 output and the acceptors for video distribution It is a full broadcast state of the art machine designed for studio and other applications The VM 1411 has two inputs video and audio each splitting to 5 outputs The user may select 2 x 1 5 or 1 10 operation via front panel control switches Several VM 1411 units may be chained through the looping inputs Output signals are user selectable DC or AC coupled for highest flexibility Audio outputs are buffered and isolated from each other allowing hi fi balanced audio distribution 6 SDI TO ANALOG CONVERTER This section describes all the controls and connections of your converter Understanding the controls and connections helps you realize the full power of your machine 6 1 Getting to Know Your SD 7401 Converter The Kramer SD 7401 is a multi standard adjustment free digital to analog converter designed to accept one SDI 4 4 2 serial digital video input and provide one analog output in four common signal formats The SDI input is equalized and reclocked and the output can be set for composite video S video Y C RGsB or Y R Y B Y The SD 7401 also has an int
10. lations Part 15 Radio frequency devices Subpart B Unintentional radiators CAUTION gt Servicing of the above mentioned machines is only allowed by a Kramer authorized technician or Engineer Any user who makes changes or modifications to the unit without the express approval of the manufacturer will void user authority to operate the equipment gt Use the DC power supply provided to supply power to the machine and controllers gt Please use recommended interconnection cables to connect the machine to controllers and other components KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 11 KRAMER KRAMER The list of Kramer distributors appears on our web site www kramerelectronics com From the web site it is also possible to e mail factory headquarters We welcome your questions comments and feedback KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 3 Am VeOlamo Street Jerusalem 95463 Israel Tel 972 2 654 4000 Fax 972 2 653 5369 E mail kramerel netvision net il
11. n of the Component video output i e RGB or YUV Y B Y R Y gt Switch 4 Selects the line standard This switch must be set according to the line standard of the SDI input 10 TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE Do not locate your machine in an environment where it is susceptible to dust or moisture Both of these may damage the electronics and cause erratic operation or failure Do not locate your machine where temperature and humidity may be excessive Doing so may also damage the electronics and cause erratic operation or failure of your machine Do not clean your machine with abrasives or strong cleaners Doing so may remove or damage the finish or may allow moisture to build up Take care not to allow dust or particles to build up inside unused or open connectors 11 TROUBLESHOOTING NOTES 1 Please note that if the output signal is disturbed or interrupted by very strong external electromagnetic interference it should return and stabilize when such interference ends If not disconnect power from the machine and reconnect again to reset the machine KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 8 KRAMER 2 If the following recommended actions still do not result in satisfactory operation please consult your KRAMER Dealer 11 1 Power and Indicators No Power 11 2 SDI and Video Signals Confirm that the rocker switch is in the ON position and that the switch is illuminated Confirm that power connections are secured at the machine a
12. nd at the receptacle Make sure the mains receptacle is active If still there is no power remove power cord from AC outlet and then using a flat head screwdriver remove the fuse holder located directly below the power connector on your machine Confirm that the fuse is good by looking for the wire connected between the ends of the fuse If the wire is broken replace the fuse with another with the same rating No video or audio 1 at the output device Confirm that your source and output devices are turned on and connected properly The input of your machine should be of an identical signal format or standard as the output of your source Signals at the output of your machine should be of an identical signal format or standard as at the input of your display or acceptor 2 Confirm that any other device in the signal path has the proper input 3 11 3 Noise and Hum and or output selected Confirm that the maximum cable length was not exceeded Disappearance of the SDI signal may be a result of the cliff effect Noise bars roll up or down in the output image or Low Frequency Hum in the output signal Hum bars ground loop are caused by a difference in the ground potential of any two or more devices connected to your signal path Passing that voltage difference through any available interconnection including your video cables compensates this difference Do not disconnect the ground from any piece of
13. red KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 7 KRAMER 9 TURNING ON THE MACHINE NOTES 1 The machine should only be turned on after all connections are completed and all source devices have been turned on Do not attempt to connect or disconnect any video signal to the machine while it is turned on 2 The socket outlet should be near the equipment and should be easily accessible To fully disconnect equipment remove the power supply adapter from the mains socket 9 1 Operation of the SDI to Analog Converter gt Connect the SDI source to the SDI IN socket gt Connect the video acceptor s to the appropriate output socket s The SD 7401 allows the simultaneous use of all outputs RGB or YUV Component video Y C s Video and CV Composite video gt Configure the DIP switches at the back of the machine accordingly as described below gt Operate the sources the SD 7401 and the acceptors 9 2 Dip Switch settings Table 2 SD 7401 Dip Switch settings SD 7401 decodes SDI input SD 7401 generates 75 color bars No pedestal for NTSC Pedestal for NTSC 625 lines PAL 525 lines NTSC gt Switch 1 Selects whether the SD 7401 outputs an analog form of the SDI input or whether the machine generates a 75 color bar Note that the bar generator requires an SDI input in order to operate correctly gt Switch 2 Selects whether a pedestal 7 5 IRE setup is to be used for NTSC gt Switch 3 Selects the power on configuratio
14. rence is sampled at 6 75MS s This is also known as 4 2 2 Y is sampled at 4f more or less and the color differences at 2f The 8 or 10 bits of data are serialized to produce a single stream of bits SMPTE 259 standard at 270MB s for 10 bits 10X 13 5 6 75 6 75 270 This is known as Serial Component Video and is usually referred to as SDI Serial Composite Video is true 4f sampling of composite video PAL at 177MB s and NTSC at 143MB s This standard is hardly used except in some older installations in the USA The Digital Widescreen standard was launched in the early 90 s This is a digital version of Pal Plus 16 9 or Letterbox aspect ratio and it works at 360MB s 1 4 Factors Affecting Quality of Results There are many factors affecting the quality of signals transmitted from a source to an acceptor The following examples illustrate the effect on analog video and audio For digital signals interference effectively decreases cliff length Connection cables Low quality video cables are susceptible to interference they degrade signal quality due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels They should therefore be of the best quality Sockets and connectors So often ignored they should be of highest quality since Zero ohm of the sources and connection resistance is the objective Sockets and connectors also acceptors must match the required impedance 75ohm in video Cheap low
15. sulting from a Accident misuse abuse neglect fire water lightning or other acts of nature b Unauthorized product modification or failure to follow instructions supplied with the product c Repair or attempted repair by anyone not authorized by Kramer d Any shipment of the product claims must be presented to the carrier e Removal or installation of the product f Any other cause which does not relate to a product defect g Cartons equipment enclosures cables or accessories used in conjunction with the product WHAT WE WILL PAY FOR AND WHAT WE WILL NOT PAY FOR We will pay labor and material expenses for covered items We will not pay for the following Removal or installations charges Costs of initial technical adjustments set up including adjustment of user controls or programming These costs are the responsibility of the Kramer dealer from whom the product was purchased Shipping charges HOW YOU CAN GET WARRANTY SERVICE To obtain service on you product you must take or ship it prepaid to any authorized Kramer service center Whenever warranty service is required the original dated invoice or a copy must be presented as proof of warranty coverage and should be included in any shipment of the product Please also include in any mailing a contact name company address and a description of the problem s For the name of the nearest Kramer authorized service center consult your authorized dealer LI
16. umber of bits the lower the inherent noise and the higher the resolution Since A D and D A conversions create artifacts it is important not to convert back and forth In a mixed outfit the video should be digitized and all the digital processing done before converting back to analog Multi media systems usually quantize the video to 8 bits i e 2 256 levels Some levels are dedicated to special codes SAV EAV similar to syncs in analog video leaving 220 quantization levels 3mV steps for the luminance signals Audio is usually quantized to 16 bits for multi media systems Broadcast systems usually use 10 bit video and 20 to 24 bit audio The advantages of working in a digital domain are obvious a digital signal may be transported very easily and saved and retrieved reliably with no generation losses The transmission of a digital video signal is reliable up to a certain length of cable Beyond this length the signal is destroyed This phenomenon is known as the cliff effect To avoid the crash at the cliff an equalizer and reclocker should be inserted at a distance less than the cliff length From KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 2 LS KRAMER this point it is again possible to drive a cable up to the cliff length This is similar to the repeater analogy for analog signals Note the term equalizer is usually dropped and the equalizer and reclocker is often r
17. video equipment in your signal path Check the following to remove hum bars Confirm that all interconnected equipment is connected to the same phase of power if possible Remove equipment connected to that phase that may introduce noise such as motors generators etc Disconnect all interconnect cables and reconnect them one at a time until ground loop reappears Disconnect the affected cable and replace or insert an isolation transformer in the signal path KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD 9 KRAMER LIMITED WARRANTY Kramer Electronics hereafter Kramer warrants this product free from defects in material and workmanship under the following terms 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 HOW LONG IS THE WARRANTY Labor and parts are warranted for three years from the date of the first customer purchase WHO IS PROTECTED Only the first purchase customer may enforce this warranty WHAT IS COVERED AND WHAT IS NOT COVERED Except as below this warranty covers all defects in material or workmanship in this product The following are not covered by the warranty Any product which is not distributed by Kramer or which is not purchased from an authorized Kramer dealer If you are uncertain as to whether a dealer is authorized please contact Kramer at one of the agents listed in the web site www kramerelectronics com Any product on which the serial number has been defaced modified or removed Damage deterioration or malfunction re
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