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HX1/HX2 Manual - Broadcast Bionics

1. The input connection SEND IN has the following characteristics XLR Pin 1 Ground XLR Pin 2 High Active Balanced RF suppressed XLR Pin 3 Low Active Balanced RF suppressed Bridging impedance gt 100K Ohm INSTALLATION 11 Analog clip point at 24 dBu Analog to Digital converter resolution of 24 bits Adjustable input level from 10 to 8 dBu Switchable LINE and MIC level input range The unit can accommodate a line input level between 10 dbu and 8 dBu adjustable with a trim pot on the rear panel The input level is set to 4 dBu level from the factory A 4dBu signal fed into the SEND IN connector should light the Yellow LED bargraph segment on the Front Panel If more input gain is needed turn the trimmer CLOCKWISE to increase the gain to match the operating level of the hybrid Increasing the send level beyond a normal meter reading does not increase the level into the telco line due to the hybrid s AGC and limiting You will only add distortion and degrade the hybrids performance There is a dip switch configuration option that applies an extra 3dB gain after the AGC should you need more send level Next to the input level pot is a pushbutton switch that selects between line and mic levels When the pushbutton switch is in the LINE position out the input range of the SEND IN signal is 10 to 8 dBu When the switch is in the MIC position in the input range of the SEND IN signal is 70
2. AUDIO PERFORMANCE Frequency Response THD N Input Dynamic Range Signal to Noise 1 for Hx1 2 for Hx2 one per hybrid XLR Female Pin 2 High Active Balanced RF Suppressed Selectable between MIC and LINE levels Adjustable from 10 to 8 dBu Bridging gt 50 K Ohms 21 dBu 24 bits 1 for Hx1 2 for Hx2 one per hybrid XLR Male Pin 3 High Active Balanced RF Suppressed Nominal 4 dBu fixed lt 50 Ohms 24 bits 20 dB headroom from 4 dBu nominal levels 200 to 3400 Hz 1 dB lt 0 5 THD N using 1 KHz sine wave Analog in to Analog out studio loop mode 10 hz 20 khz A weighted gt 92 db Analog Output referenced to a 12dbm phone line producing a 4 dbu output 10 hz 20 Khz A weighted gt 72dB AES Digital Input Output Optional plug in module Overview Plug in module converts the XLR inputs and outputs to AES3 one input or output on left channel of AES stream 42 Section 7 Rate Conversion Input Level Output Level Sample Rate Converters on all inputs and outputs Inputs can accept 32 44 1 and 48 KHz rates Clock for outputs may be sourced from the AES inputs or internally generated at 48 KHz Nominal at 20 dBFs Nominal at 20 dBFs 43 3 Warranty and Application Caution Warranty and Application Caution Telos Hx1 amp Hx2 Digital Hybrid Telephone Interface LIMITED WARRANTY This Warranty covers the Products which are defined as the various audio equipment
3. Digital switch most commonly in the USA amp Canada an AT amp T model SESS Northern Telecom model DMS 100 or Siemens model EWSD See also PBX Switched Circuit A channel which is not permanent in nature but is connected through a switching device of some kind The switching device allows a switched circuit to access many other switched circuits the usual dial up type of telephone channels Once the connection is made however the complete capacity of the channel is available for use As opposed to a dedicated circuit or a packet based connection Switched 56 Archaic A type of digital telephone service developed in the mid 1980 s which allows dialing on a single 56Kbps line Each Switched 56 circuit has 1 or 2 copper wire pairs associated with it Switched 56 was replaced with ISDN which was cheaper and more flexible and finally by DSL and IP variants See also CSU DSU Synchronous Data A form of serial data which uses a clock signal to synchronize the bit stream Since unlike asynchronous data no start and stop bits are used data throughput is higher than with asynchronous data ISDN and T 1 use Synchronous data See also Asynchro nous Data T1 A common type of digital telephone carrier widely deployed within the US Canada and Japan Has 24 64Kbps channels called DS s The most common use for a T1 at the time of this writing is for Telephone company access service via an ISDN Primary R
4. ANI Automatic Number Identification A system originally designed for use by Interex change carriers IXCs that transmits the billed party number along with a call Note that the billed party number is not necessarily the number of the line placing the call ANI predates SS7 and can operate with analog as well as digital trunks See also CLID and Caller ID Asynchronous Data A form of serial data communication that is not clocked To keep the bit stream synchronized start and stop bits are added which cuts down on throughput RS 232 computer data is commonly asynchronous data In contrast to synchronous data A2 Appendix 1 ATA see Analog Terminal Adapter B8ZS Bipolar 8 with Zero Substitution A T1 line coding method This is the more modern and most common line coding method of the two commonly available See Line Coding T1 See also AMI Behind the PBX This is our own term and refers to when one privately owned phone system is tied to another privately owned phone system The most common application is when a key system is connected to analog ports of a PBX When it involves one PBX behind another it is a limited Tandem application See Tandem Switch and Tandem Tie Trunk Switching below Bell Operating Company See BOC See also RBOC Most often called LEC Local Exchange Carrier at the time of this writing Few companies use the Bell name in the US any longer though it is used in Canada Bellcore B
5. Feedback Reduction enable The Hx 1 and Hx2 has an optional Acoustic Echo Canceler in the Studio send path This can be used when there is acoustic coupling between a loudspeaker connected to the hybrid output and a microphone connected to the input Enabling feedback reduction also causes the ducker to insert more loss into the announcer to caller direction when the caller is dominant OPTIONS Bit 7 Configuration Setting Value OFF Acoustic Echo Canceler is disabled Factory Default ON Acoustic Echo Canceler is enabled use in open speaker situation Reserved bit OPTIONS Bit 8 is set aside as RESERVED for future use OPTIONS Bit 8 Configuration Setting Value OFF Reserved for future use Factory Default ON Not Recommended 4 3 Country Specific Configuration Settings There is a third bank of DIP switches located inside the Hx chassis This switch bank is used to set country specific voltage and line impedance settings and to set the Call Progress Tone to be detected if Call Progress Tone Disconnect is used The Factory Default setting is all 8 bits set to the OFF position labeled OPEN on the switch This default configuration is set for operation within the United States and Canada North American telephone line characteristics and the precise dial tone signal for Call Progress Tone Disconnect You must remove the top cover of the chassis to gain access to third bank of DIP switches located on the Hx motherboard The c
6. Telos Status Symbols provide clear visual cues to operators INTRODUCTION 3 TELOS SYSTEMS HERO HYBRID 12 5 gt y gt 6 a x 6 a 5 Er i aa hi gt A I damd A a am TINGS OPTIONS 5 Pa de gt Ten pay SENDINE rovon SENOINFZ RCvoUTe u wa A a CE Hx2 Hybrid The Telos Hx2 unit consists of two identical digital hybrids in a single 1RU 19 inch rack mount enclosure The Hx2 can operate as two fully independent hybrids or be configured with an internal mix minus to couple the two hybrids sharing a single mix minus from the audio console and allowing callers on both hybrids to hear each other and your talent The Hx may be controlled remotely via connections available on the unit s remote connector DB 9 Control functions include remote on and off control and available status outputs include line ringing and hybrid in use open collector indications The remote connector allows easy direct connection to 1A2 interfaces consoles or other remote control devices The unit can be equipped with an optional AES3 module which plugs into the motherboard and converts the XLR connections from analog to AES3 Installation The Hx1 and 2 mount in a 1RU space in a standard 19 rack Ihe unit generates very little heat and needs no special attention for cooling or rack placement Ihe unit will operate in any envi ronment where the stirred air temperature around the unit is betwe
7. The Telos Hx1 is a single digital hybrid in a 1RU 19 inch rack mount enclosure It embodies a state of the art approach to interfacing an analog POTS Plain Old Telephone Service line for broadcast on air use The fast precise digital automatic nulling hybrid allows smooth natural conversation without speakerphone like up cutting effects or the audio distortion and feedback problems often experienced with lesser hybrid interface devices The Hx1 implements a number of features in the digital domain in order to enhance real world performance In particular the hybrid includes a sophisticated automatic gain control in both the send and receive paths a carefully implemented override ducking system a pitch shifter for feedback reduction and a digital dynamic EQ that keeps audio spectrally consistent from call to call Purpose The Telos Hx1 or Hx2 broadcast telephone hybrids are designed to deliver pure caller audio with as little leakage from the announcer s send audio as possible Telos uses state of the art digital techniques to perform the hybrid function the subtraction of the send audio from the received caller audio The fully digital approach assures consistently good trans hybrid loss audio levels and sound quality with varying telephone line conditions 2 Section 1 Features The Telos Hx1 and Hx2 hybrids include many features that have historically been add ons or options See the list below
8. A high pass filter reduces hum and low frequency noise High frequency noise above the telephone frequency range is also attenuated A smart digital Automatic Gain Control AGC smooths output levels The gain changes occur naturally delivering consistent levels without processing artifacts A settable noise gate expander on the receive path reduces phone line noise during caller pauses An adjustable override function allows ducking of the caller while the an nouncer is speaking Feedback is reduced by a special pitch shifting arrangement while echo is reduced with a basic Acoustic Echo Canceler Fixed or adaptive EQ helps to correct deficiencies in a callers telephone set or the network resulting in a clearer warmer more intelligible sound from the caller Front panel metering is provided for input and output levels EQ gain changes are displayed in real time Auto Answer capabilities with a selectable ring count allows for unattended operation Worldwide disconnect signal detection allows use of the hybrid in different countries and with various PBXs The Hx is equipped with a complete diagnostic system for system set up and check out Optional AES3 support is available Built in universal power supply and rack mount design aids in a professional installation The Hx has built in full remote control capability including outputs for line ringing and hybrid in use indicators
9. Auto Answer configuration Bit 5 Send gain to phone Bit 6 Hx2 internal mix minus enable Bit 7 Feedback Reduction enabled Bit 8 Reserved Dynamic Digital Equalization Configuration settings OPTIONS Bits 1 and 2 control the overall operation of the DDEQ processing function You can select between OFF Fixed EQ Adaptive EQ or Adaptive Fixed EQ using the following bit settings OPTIONS Bit 1 Bit 2 Configuration Setting Value OFF OFF DDEQ feature is turned OFF OFF ON Fixed EQ mode Use SETTING Bits 1 2 3 4 to set the levels ON OFF Adaptive EQ mode Factory Default CONFIGURATION SETTINGS 25 Bit 1 Bit 2 Configuration Setting Value ON ON Adapt Fixed EQ Use SETTING Bits 1 2 3 4to set the Fixed levels You can separately specify the level of adjustment in the EQ HI and EQ LO frequency bands when the DDEQ mode is configured for Fixed EQ mode SETTINGS Bits 1 and 2 control the dB adjustment for the EQ HI band and Bits 3 and 4 control the dB adjustment for the EQ LO band as follows SETTINGS Bit 1 Bit 2 Configuration Setting Value OFF OFF 0 dB adjustment EQ LO Factory Default OFF ON 2 dB adjustment EQ LO ON OFF 4 dB adjustment EQ LO ON ON 6 dB adjustment EQ LO SETTINGS Bit 3 Bit 4 Configuration Setting Value OFF OFF 0 dB adjustment EQHI Factory Default OFF ON 2 dB adjustment EQ HI ON OFF 4 dB adjustment EQ HI ON ON 6 dB adjustment EQ HI You are encouraged to try varying levels of EQ boo
10. TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A5 BRI or PRI channels as well Each combination trunk normally has a telephone number although they are frequently part of a hunt group and only one number may be published for that group Also called a Both Way Trunk This is not the same as a Two way DID trunk See DID trunk Hunt Group and Trunk Common Channel Interoffice Signaling See CCIS Competitive Local Exchange Carrier See CLEC Concentration The basic premise is to share facilities wherever possible For instance while there may be thousands of customers served by a given Central Office there will be substantially less than that number of calls which can be handled simultaneously And even fewer long distance calls can be made simultaneously The art of Traffic Engineering is to have enough capacity that calls are rarely blocked but no more than that number See also Choke Exchange and Blocking CPC Calling Party Control Sometimes referred to as CPC Wink or disconnect supervi sion A call supervision feature on an analog loop start line that provides the ability for a CO Central Office to signal the called party when the calling party hangs up CPC allows the PBX key system or telephone answering device to reset the line so that it is ready to accept or initiate another call CPC is accomplished by either a loop current drop or reversal With some CO equipment it is also provided if the called party drops the call See also M
11. XLR connectors When the internal mix minus mode is enabled on the Hx2 hybrid unit only the LEFT AES channel being fed into SEND IN 1 is used as the studio input signal to BOTH hybrids The studio output signals are brought out separately on the LEFT AES channel on the respective RCV OUT 1 and RCV OUT 2 XLR connectors 5 3 Restoring an AES equipped unit to analog operation 1 With power removed remove the unit cover and the two mounting screws that fasten the AES daughter board to the main board 2 Remove and store the AES daughter board 3 Install 2 sets of four jumpers each on JP3 and JP4 locations on the main board Analog audio will now be present on the rear panel XLR connectors 4 Replace cover and verify proper operation Troubleshooting 6 1 On board Diagnostics Pressing and holding the A button for 3 seconds puts the unit into a self diagnostic mode When the unit is in diagnostic mode the Line Status display shows the current diagnostic state This mode is only intended to provide status information and to confirm ifthe hybrid unit is operational NOTE The left hybrid front panel buttons control diagnostics of both hybrids on an Hx2 unit 6 1 1 Software Version Upon entering the diagnostic mode of operation the Line Status display should indicate the letter V The major revision number is displayed on the SND LED bargraph and the minor revision number is displayed on the RCV LED bargraph Simply co
12. f Internal Mix Minus y From Second Hybrid 1 EQ RCV 7 Display Level 1 IN DSP o Lo o HI EQ y o o o o AGC LOW EQ Noice o Gate Signal Flow and Audio Processing The above figure illustrates the signal processing chain in both the SEND input to the caller as well as the caller receive to RCV output path The Ducker is involved in both processing paths The figure also shows which processing stages that you can adjust via the SETTINGS and OP TIONS bank of DIP switches in the rear of the hybrid unit See Section 4 1 for further details regarding the DIP switch settings 24 Section 4 4 1 Rear Panel DIP Switch Control rSETTINGS r OPTIONS AN ON ON Aig 45878 12345678 j J ml on 4 cn Sw1 Sw2 On the rear panel of the Hx1 and Hx2 chassis there are two banks of DIP switches labeled SETTINGS and OPTIONS The SETTINGS bank of DIP switches SW1 allows you to control the operational levels of various signal processing stages of the hybrid unit The OP TIONS bank of DIP switches SW2 allows you to configure the operation of various features of the hybrid The two tables below show how the individual DIP switches are allocated on each bank SETTINGS Function Bits 1and2 EQ LO fixed dB gain adjustment Bits3and4 EQHI fixed dB gain adjustment Bits5and6 Ducker dB gain adjustment Bits7and8 AGC and Noise Gate settings OPTIONS Function Bits 1and2 DDEQ configuration Bits3and4
13. adjustment Ducker dB gain adjustment AGC and Noise Gate settings Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit5 ON OFF OFF OFF OFF DDEQ configuration Auto Answer configuration Send gain to phone Hx2 internal mix minus enable Feedback Reduction enabled Reserved Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit5 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Telephone Network configuration Call Progress Tone Detection Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 ON ON OFF gt 0dB gain gt 0dB gain gt 6 dB ducking gt AGCis FULL Noise Gate is OFF Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 OFF OFF OFF gt Dynamic EQ is enabled gt feature is OFF gt feature is OFF gt feature is OFF gt feature is OFF Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 OFF OFF OFF gt USA Canada gt USA dial tone AES I O OPTION 5 1 Installation Instructions The Hx1 and Hx2 hybrid units can be purchased with the optional AES I O module pre installed or as an upgrade kit to be installed in the field The AES board Upgrade Kit 2011 00068 includes the following items 1701 00149 100 Qty 1 AES Board assembly 1308 00023 100 Qty 2 board standoff M3x10mm MF 1301 00077 100 Qty 2 screw M3x6mm Phillips Pan Head steel zinc The following instructions explain the steps to install the AES I O module onto the mother board using the upgrade kit Chassis cover removal and upgrade kit installation should only be performed by a qualified technician or engineer 1 AC power must be disconnected prior to removing the chassis cover
14. and 2 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON Bits 3 and 4 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON Bit 5 OFF ON Bit 6 OFF ON Bit 7 OFF ON Bit 8 OFF ON A20 Appendix 2 Function DDEQ configuration DDEQ feature is turned OFF Fixed EQ mode Use SETTING Bits 1 2 3 4 to set the levels Adaptive EQ mode Factory Default Adapt Fixed EQ Use SETTING Bits 1 2 3 4 to set the Fixed levels Auto Answer configuration Auto Answer OFF Factory Default Auto Answer ON Auto answer after first ring Auto Answer ON Auto answer after third ring Auto Answer ON Auto answer after eighth ring Send additional gain to caller No additional gain is applied Factory Default 3 dB additional gain is applied to the audio sent to the caller Hx2 internal mix minus enable Independent Internal mix minus is disabled Factory Default Coupled Internal mix minus is enabled Feedback Reduction enable Acoustic Echo Canceler is disabled Factory Default Acoustic Echo Canceler is enabled use in open speaker situation Reserved Reserved for future use Factory Default Not Recommended APPENDIX 3 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE INTERNAL SWITCHES amp REMOTE CONNECTOR PIN USGAE 21 Quick Reference Guide Internal Switches amp Remote Connector Pin Usage Internal DIP Switch bank Line Voltages and Impedance Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Telephone Network OFF OFF OFF OFF USA Canada OFF OFF OFF ON Japan low voltage networks OFF OFF
15. at the network interface has lost frame for more than a few seconds Normally a Yellow alarm is then returned i e sent back if a Red alarm is present A Red Alarm indicates a loss of inbound signal a Yellow alarm indicates indirectly a loss of outbound signal See also Yellow alarm Blue alarm and LOS Regional Bell Operating Company See RBOC or LEC Repeater A device intended to extend ISDN telephone service to sites further from the central office than could normally be served i e beyond 18 000 feet ISDN repeater technologies include BRITE Virtual ISDN Lightspan and Total Reach Some Telcos do not use repeaters Compatibility between a given NT1 CPE and a repeater is less certain than if that CPE where directly connected to the switch Robbed Bit Signaling A signaling scheme that borrows bits on each T1 channel for use as signaling channels On SF TT s there are two bits the A bit and the B bit in each direction On ESF T1 s there is also a C and D bit in each direction although they are rarely used Using these bits various older analog trunk interfaces can be emulated over a T1 For instance dial pulse address signaling using 10 pulse per second rotary style digit groups over these bits Since robbed bit signaling interferes with the least significant bit only 7 bits can be used for sensitive data applications leaving only a 56kbps channel for data applications See also CAS and CCIS
16. cost less because many of the taxes regulatory recovery fees and other nonsense charges apply only to POTS phone service Also many customers wish to use VoIP with their DSL and have no use for the expensive POTS phone once required to be ordered with DSL service DS Digital Signal Level Zero The smallest unit of measure of the standard rate hierarchy used by the Telcos i e all other rates are a multiple of the DS rate For example the T1 rate is 24 times the DS rate and the El rate is 32 times the DS rate 64 kbps See also B channel DS1 Digital Signal Level 1 The second level up the digital rate hierarchy used by the Telcos This is 24 times the DS rate for a total of 1 544 mbps See DSO See also T1 DS2 Digital Signal Level 2 Data rate of 6 312 mbps 4 times the DS1 rate See DS and DS1 DS3 Digital Signal Level 3 Data rate of 43 232 mbps 28 times the DS1 rate See DS and DS1 DSL Digital Subscriber Line Traditionally refers to an ISDN circuit or sometimes a T1 line although the term is also frequently used to mean the next generation beyond ISDN Some times xDSL is used to indicate that the writer is referring to any of a number of emerging DSL technologies TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A7 DSLAM Central Office or wire center based Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer What s on the other end of your DSL line These are sometimes fed by HICAP High Capac ity or Fiber facilities to rem
17. etc The Telos Hx can be set to listen for these tones and disconnect when one is heard if CPC is not available or is unreliable CAS Channel Associated Signaling A bit based signaling method used on digital lines such as T1 that is periodically inserted into the low order bit also used for the audio transmission See Robbed Bit Signaling CCIS Common Channel Interoffice Signaling A signaling system where network information such as address and routing information are handled externally to the actual communications voice path SS7 Signaling System 7 is the internationally standardized CCIS system Deployment of CCIS increased efficiency since no communications voice channels are used merely to report an all trunks busy or far end busy conditions It also decreased toll fraud substantially since it removed the potential for access to the signaling information that was inherent to in band signaling schemes CCIS also enables CLASS features as well as sophisti cated re routing features for intelligent network applications See also in band signaling See also SS7 Central Office See CO Centrex Central Exchange Service An enhanced business telephone service intended to offer most of the features of a PBX but where the lines are all from the LEC out of a public switch Offers CLASS like features for business users such as 4 digit inside dialing hold transfer attendant etc CEPT Conference on European Post
18. have made their way into software revisions or new products Please contact us with your comments Service You must contact Telos before returning any equipment for factory service We will need the serial number located on the back of the unit Telos Systems will issue a Return Authorization number which must be written on the exterior of your shipping container Please do not include cables or ac cessories unless specifically requested by the technical support engineer at Telos Be sure to adequately insure your shipment for its replacement value Packages without proper authorization may be refused US customers please contact Telos technical support at 1 216 622 0247 All other customers should contact your local representative to make arrangements for service We support you By Phone Fax You may reach our 24 7 Support Team anytime around the clock by calling 1 216 622 0247 For billing questions or other non emergency technical questions call 1 216 241 7225 between 9 30 AM to 6 00 PM USA Eastern Time Monday through Friday Our fax is 1 216 241 4103 By E Mail Technical support is available at Support Telos Systems com All other inquiries at Inquiry Telos Systems com Via World Wide Web The Telos Web site has a variety of information which may be useful for product selection and support The URL is www Telos Systems com 10987654321 Telos Systems USA Telos Systems 1241 Superior Avenue E Cleveland OH 44114
19. i e a telephone company which is neither an Indi nor an RBOC See LEC and CLEC IMUX See Inverse Multiplexing In Band Signaling A signaling system where network information such as address and routing information are handled over the communications voice path itself Usually the information is represented in the form of audible tones however DC loop current signaling also qualifies as In Band Signaling See also CCIS Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier See ILEC See also CLEC amp LEC Independent Any of the phone companies in existence at the time of divestiture that were not affiliated with the Bell System See RBOC LEC and CLEC Indi See Independent Interconnect Company A vendor of telecommunications CPE other than a BOC or AT amp T This term was originated by AT amp T and was meant to be derisive towards the fledgling industry when the courts said it was OK for end users to buy equipment from someone other than the Bell System This industry flourished in spite of AT amp CI s disdain and ironically the RBOCs were not allowed to sell CPE under the terms of the break up of AT amp T With the current state of deregulation the RBOCs are slowly re entering this business The term is now considered archaic at the time of this writing Inter exchange Carrier See IEC Interwork The ability of two different type of networks to communicate seamlessly For example ISDN can interwork calls to both the POTS network and t
20. parts software and accessories manufactured sold and or distributed by TLS Corp d b a Telos Systems hereinafter Telos Systems With the exception of software only items the Products are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of receipt by the end user Software only items are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 90 days from the date of receipt by the end user This warranty is void if the Product is subject to Acts of God including without limitation lightning improper installation or misuse including without limitation the failure to use telephone and power line surge protection devices accident neglect or damage EXCEPT FOR THE ABOVE STATED WARRANTY TELOS SYSTEMS MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In no event will Telos Systems its employees agents or authorized dealers be liable for inciden tal or consequential damages or for loss damage or expense directly or indirectly arising from the use of any Product or the inability to use any Product either separately or in combination with other equipment or materials or from any other cause In order to invoke this Warranty notice of a warranty claim must be received by Telos Systems within the above stated warranty period and warranty coverage must be authorized by Telos Sy
21. s REMOTE O l ase AAA 9 6 ae Pin No Function 1 GPIO Ground 2 GPIO IN Hybrid 1 Hybrid ON 3 GPIO IN Hybrid 1 Hybrid OFF 4 GPIO IN Hybrid 2 Hybrid ON 5 GPIO IN Hybrid 2 Hybrid OFF 6 GPIO OUT Hybrid 1 ringing indicator 7GPIOOUT Hybrid 1 ON OFF status indicator 8GPIO OUT Hybrid 2 ringing indicator 9GPIOOUT Hybrid 2 ON OFF status indicator Input Characteristics The GPIO inputs are designed to be universal They accept either a voltage source up to 24VDC or a closure to ground which may be provided by switches relays or logic outputs In the latter case either totem pole or open collector will work The inputs are active low A built in 1k Ohm pull up resistor is provided Output Characteristics Open collector to ground These will require a pull up resistor to drive TTL style logic inputs Most equipment has the pull up built into the input but if there is no pull up you ll have to add one connect INSTALLATION 13 ing it from the output to the 5v source on pin 8 An appropriate value is 2 2K Ohms Sink pull down current must be limited to 400mA maximum per output with total output restricted to 1 amp 200mA each output if all five will be used The GPIO output pins can be used to provide status information to other devices or warning lamps Outputs are available to indicate hybrid in use and line ringing 2 7 Connecting Your Hx to other systems and
22. shows the dial tone at at a nominal level and that the SND bargraph shows only the microphone or audio INSTALLATION 15 present on the device feeding the Hx SEND IN The goal of a proper mix minus is to prevent the hybrid from hearing itself 2 9 Power Input and Grounding Safety The AC input connects mains power to the unit with a standard IEC power cord Ihe power supply has a universal AC input accepting a range from 100 to 240 VAC 50 60 Hz at 0 075 0 15 Amps IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Surge Protection Precautions should be taken to prevent damage caused by power surges WARNING The Hx1 and Hx2 use a universal input power supply which has an internal fuse Hazardous voltages may still be present on some of the primary parts even when the fuse has blown The power cord is the primary disconnect mechanism Mains power should be near the equip ment and easily accessible The unit should not be positioned such that access to the power cord is impaired If the unit is incorporated into a rack an easily accessible safety disconnect device should be included in the rack design Grounding This equipment is designed to be operated from a power source which includes a third ground ing connection in addition to the power leads Do not defeat this safety feature In addition to creating a potentially hazardous situation defeating this safety ground will prevent the internal line noise filter from functioning
23. supports dialing by end users PIC Primary Interexchange Carrier USA This is your default 1 carrier used for inter LATA calls In some areas you may have two PICs one for interLATA calls and one for intraLATA long distance calls in which case it stands for Primary Intraexchange Carrier In some areas intraLATA long distance calls are still handled by your RBOC in others you now have a choice You can identify who your current PIC is by dialing 700 555 4141 POP Point Of Presence The local facility where your IEC maintains a switch This is where your long distance calls get routed so that your IEC can handle them Also used to describe the local access point of an Internet Service Provider Sometimes carriers maintain Paper POP s that is points of interconnection that are advantageous for regulatory reasons These are often at Co Location facilities COLO s or Telco Hotels which are large hardened data centers where many carriers and customers interconnect and terminate data and voice facilities Port This is a pretty general term Newton s Telecom Dictionary 10th edition defines a port as An entrance to or an exit from a network Many phone equipment vendors refer to ports as the TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A13 physical interface between a Switch and a Line or Irunk or line equipment Product literature often refers to the number of ports on a phone system In this context it refers to the n
24. AEC Advanced Echo Cancel lation is helping to literally eliminate the age old problem of feedback in open speaker environments And the prize of using the public Internet for remote connections as reliable as those of switched circuits is within broadcasters grasp thanks to ever more sophisticated coding algorithms Pioneering ideas aren t limited just to technology though We believe that investing in people pays off big so we ve assembled the largest R amp D team in the industry a talented staff of engineers scientists and broadcast professionals We re also the first and only broadcast equipment maker with a 24 7 support team ready to offer assistance any time of the day or night As they say radio never sleeps so neither do we As Telos navigates its third decade in broadcasting s choppy waters the spirit of innovation and ideas that propelled Steve in the early days is still very much alive We re still in love with radio still turned on by new technology still driven to ask What if If you re reading this you are too for which we thank you from the bottom of our hearts Got to go my phone is ringing It s Steve Church and bet he wants to ask me a question Michael Catfish Dosch President Introduction mos serowa y e nn z PHONE UNE mmeone a x m REMOTE SETTINGS OPTIONS f A TY a i Een y A a d 3 s v 0 SEND IN RCV OUT om el ba Hx1 Hybrid
25. CLD CPE Customer Premise Equipment Customer owned equipment located at his her facility such as a CSU or terminal In the USA and Canada the ISDN NT1 is part of the CPE CPN Called Party Number European Term The number that has been dialed See Called Party Address CSU Channel Service Unit The NCTE used in the USA amp Canada to terminate a T1 line Typically the CSU must be provided by the end user See NCTE NIU and DSX1 CSU DSU A device which incorporates the functions of a CSU Channel Service Unit and a DSU Data Service Unit Most commonly it interfaces between a Switched 56 or Dedicated Digital Service circuit and a user s data equipment such as the Zephyr D4 See Superframe See also Line Format DCE Data Communication Equipment When using serial communications such RS 232 V 35 or X 21 the DCE is the device sending receiving from the Telco line i e a modem or CSU DSU In contrast to DTE Dedicated Circuit A permanent channel between two locations As opposed to a Switched Circuit Demarc the point of Demarcation That is where the telephone company s responsibility ends and the customers begins Most often in the main phone closet or basement terminal At one time a special block was required for a Demarc one for each customer with a simple way to disconnect the customers wiring from the Telco s wiring at the demarc point This has been abandoned Most often today when you order
26. CO Only a loop qualification can tell for sure Not all Telcos will extend ISDN lines with repeaters Loop Start Line A plain old telephone line The telephone terminal signals the off hook condition by allowing DC current to flow See Ground Start Trunk See also Glare Loop Start Trunk A plain old telephone line connected to a PBX switch See Loop Start Line The PBX signals the off hook condition by allowing DC current to flow Ground Start Trunks are generally preferred for use on PBXs to prevent glare Also most trunks are consid ered designed circuits That means that only a specified amount of loop loss is permissible and that the telephone company is required to deliver the trunk to the customer at a given audio level At the time of this writing analog trunks are rapidly becoming less common as they are expensive to design provision and maintain See Ground Start Trunk See also Glare LOS Loss Of Signal An LED or other indicator that illuminates if a signal is absent This terminology is commonly used with T 1 equipment See Red alarm LT Line Termination The electrical and protocol specifications for the Central Office end of an ISDN line If you wish to connect an ISDN terminal such as a Zephyr Xstream to a PBX the PBX must support LT ISDN See also NT and Line Card Lucent Technologies Company that made the former AT amp T 5ESS switch as well as vari ous other piece of Telco gear and semiconducto
27. ELL Communications Research See Telcordia The research and development organization owned by the RBOCs Bellcore represents the RBOCs in developing standards for Telco equipment and in testing equipment compliance to those standards Bellcore also offers educational and training programs open to all interested parties Now Telcordia See Telcordia BERT 1 Bit Error Rate Test A test for digital lines which involves looping a data path and sending a test pattern Data returning is compared to the sent data to check for errors Depending on the Test Pattern used BERTs may or may not uncover problems A line which only has occasional problems will need a BERT of sufficient time duration to catch that inter mittent problem A five minute BERT of an ISDN BRI circuit will only catch severe problems BERT 2 Bit Error Rate Tester The test equipment used to perform a Bit Error Rate Test Billing Telephone Number The main phone number which all calls on hunt group or a PRI are billed to This information may be required when configuring a PRI PBX Bit Error Rate The basic measure of errors on digital transmission paths It is usually expressed as the number of errors per number of bits Bit Error Rate Test See BERT Bit Rate The capacity of a digital channel See Kbps BLEC Building Local Exchange Carrier A LEC who covers the occupants of a single build ing or a small group of buildings only Often Telecom services are provided b
28. F OFF ON ON OFF Bit 4 OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF Telephone Network USA Canada Japan low voltage networks FCC compliant countries CRT21 Europe real line impedance Custom country configuration Custom country configuration Custom country configuration Europe complex line impedance Custom country configuration Bit 1 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON Bit 2 OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON Bit 3 OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON ON Bit 4 ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON CONFIGURATION SETTINGS 29 Telephone Network Custom country configuration Custom country configuration Reserved for future use Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved TABLE 2 Internal DIP Switch bank Bit 5 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON Bit 6 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON Bit 7 OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON ON Bit 8 OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON CPTD Signal characteristics US dial tone US re order signal WORLD single freq Dial tone WORLD Re order ON 155 550 OFF 155 550 msec WORLD Re order ON 250 1200 OFF 250 1200 msec WORLD multi tone dial tone WORLD multi tone dial tone WORLD pulse dial tone ON 150 350 OFF 450 1100 msec WORLD pulse dial tone ON 100 250 OFF 200 400 msec Reserved for future use Reserved
29. FF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Bit 3 OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON ON Bit 4 ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON OFF OFF Bit 5 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF CONFIGURATION SETTINGS Bit 6 OFF OFF z OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF Bit 7 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON Bit 8 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF 31 32 Section 4 Factory Default Configuration Settings These settings will work in most cases and should be considered to be a starting point The following is the Factory Default Configuration for the SETTINGS OPTIONS and Internal Telephone Network Call Progress Tone Detection CPTD DIP switches SETTINGS Bits 1 and 2 Bits 3 and 4 Bits 5 and 6 Bits 7 and 8 OPTIONS Bits 1 and 2 Bits 3 and 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 INTERNAL Bits 1 through 4 Bits 5 through 8 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit5 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF EQ LO fixed dB gain adjustment EQ HI fixed dB gain
30. INE RJ11 connector will be routed to the RCV OUT XLR connector This test enables you to test the studio and telephone input and output levels If you like press the O button to skip past this diagnostic test After the last test in the sequence is complete the unit will reset itself and return to normal operation 6 2 Hardware Repairs A consequence of modern surface mount construction is that it is frequently no longer possible for local repairs to be made Special and expensive equipment is required to change parts As well today s equipment is complicated and requires repair technicians to have specific product experience and training and access to high end test equipment At the same time the advent of overnight delivery services means that equipment can be returned to the factory for quick turn around repair Therefore we do not expect you to repair this unit at the component level and we do not include schematics of the unit in the manual Upon request our support staff can fax or mail you a schematic should you need one Please see the first pages of this manual for proper procedures on returning units for repair 41 Specifications 7 0 Specifications ANALOG INPUTS Send Analog Inputs Connector Input Range Line Input Level Impedance Analog Clip Point A D Converter Resolution ANALOG OUTPUTS Receive Analog Outputs Connector Output Level Impedance D A Converter Resolution Headroom Before Clipping
31. IO Input GPIO Input GPIO Input GPIO Output GPIO Output GPIO Output GPIO Output Unit Hybrid 1 Hybrid 1 Hybrid 2 Hybrid 2 Hybrid 1 Hybrid 1 Hybrid 2 Hybrid 2 CPTD Signal characteristics Reserved Reserved Call Progress Tone Detection CPTD feature is disabled Function Hybrid ON Hybrid OFF Hybrid ON Hybrid OFF Line Ringing Indicator Hybrid in use Indicator Line Ringing Indicator Hybrid in use Indicator
32. N ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF Bit 4 OFF OFF ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON OFF ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON Bit 5 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Bit 6 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Bit7 OFF ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON Bit 8 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Country Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Thailand Turkey UAE United Kingdom USA Yemen Bit 1 OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Bit 2 OFF OFF O
33. ON OFF FCC compliant countries OFF OFF ON ON CRT21 Europe real line impedance OFF ON OFF OFF Custom country configuration OFF ON OFF ON Custom country configuration OFF ON ON OFF Custom country configuration OFF ON ON ON Europe complex line impedance ON OFF OFF OFF Custom country configuration ON OFF OFF ON Custom country configuration ON OFF ON OFF Custom country configuration ON OFF ON ON Reserved for future use ON ON OFF OFF Reserved ON ON OFF ON Reserved ON ON ON OFF Reserved ON ON ON ON Reserved Internal DIP Switch bank Call Progress Tone Disconnect options Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 CPTD Signal characteristics OFF OFF OFF OFF US dial tone precise dial tone OFF OFF OFF ON US re order signal fast busy tone OFF OFF ON OFF WORLD single freq Dial tone OFF OFF ON ON WORLD Re order ON 155 550 OFF 155 550 msec OFF ON OFF OFF WORLD Re order ON 250 1200 OFF 250 1200 msec OFF ON OFF ON WORLD multi tone dial tone OFF ON ON OFF WORLD multi tone dial tone OFF ON ON ON WORLD pulse dial tone ON 150 350 OFF 450 1100 msec ON OFF OFF OFF WORLD pulse dial tone ON 100 250 OFF 200 400 msec ON OFF OFF ON Reserved for future use ON OFF ON OFF Reserved ON OFF ON ON Reserved ON ON OFF OFF Reserved Bit5 ON ON ON 22 Appendix 3 Bit 6 Bit7 Bit 8 ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON REMOTE connector pin usage Pin vos a vu A WN Direction GPIO Ground GPIO Input GP
34. RATION SETTINGS 23 Ducking System The ducking function serves several purposes Provides aesthetic control over the caller that many programmers prefer Allows the announcer to override the caller in a way that sounds natural and appropriate Reduces feedback when the Hx is used like a speakerphone in an open loudspeaker situation Dynamically improves effective trans hybrid loss to reduce leakage when necessary When used the Hx inserts a controlled loss ducking into whichever audio path send or receive is not active at the moment When the caller is speaking this loss is inserted in the announcer path and when the announcer is speaking the caller gain is reduced The effect is seesaw like Normally the gain reduction is symmetrical but if Feedback Reduction is enabled the hybrid will have more ducking in the announcer to caller direction You ll probably need more ducking when using an open loudspeaker As noted above ducking helps prevent feedback and reduces echo returned to the caller You can select how much of this effect you prefer from Half Duplex which makes the hybrid operate like a one way at a time speakerphone to Full Duplex 0dB which disables ducking altogether The default is 6 dB Ducker Control AGC Internal ix o Feedback Minus Send Enable Level Level Send Boost Reduce 3db I I I I Analog Analog Ti a al Telco HYB I I I I 1 PAN
35. Remove the AC power cable from the power inlet in the back of the hybrid unit 2 Remove the 10 Phillips screws that mount the top cover to the hybrid chassis 3 Locate the two sets of four jumpers each at both JP3 and JP4 on the motherboard Likewise locate edge connector JP5 on the motherboard See figure below Remove the jumpers from both JP3 and JP4 and reserve them for future use if you like These jumpers must be re installed if the AES I O module is removed and the Hx is converted back to analog operation ne _ JP3 AMS 4 Locate the two gold plated mounting holes shown in the figure Take one of the board standoffs 1308 00023 100 and screw the male end into the mounting hole located between JP3 and JP4 Take the other standoff and screw the male end into the mounting 34 Section 5 hole located below capacitor C137 5 Align connectors JR2 and JR1 on the AES plug in module with JP4 and JP3 on the motherboard Likewise align connector JP1 on the plug in module with JP5 on the motherboard See figure below Push firmly to seat the plug in module onto the moth erboard Visually confirm that connector JR2 fits onto all four sets of pins on JP4 and JR1 connector fits onto all four sets of pins on JP3 C00 1L000 10r lt ES exa o3r seu yeu LOO LEOOO oe 6 Take the two mounting screws from the kit 1301 00077 100 and install them into the female side of the board standoffs in order to secure
36. Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved CPTD feature is disabled Table 3 Recommended Internal DIP Switch for each Country Country Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Bit 1 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Bit 2 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON ON ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON 30 Section 4 Country Canada Chile China Colombia Croatia CTR21 Cyprus Czech Repub Denmark Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Finland France Germany Greece Guam Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Latvia Lebanon Luxembourg Macao Malaysia Malta Mexico Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria North Korea Norway Oman Bit 1 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Bit 2 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF ON ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF Bit 3 ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON ON O
37. Rollover See Hunt Group SDSL SDSL is a rate adaptive Digital Subscriber Line DSL variant with T1 E1 like data rates T1 1 544 Mbps E1 2 048 Mbps It runs over one pair of copper wires with a maximum range of 10 000 feet It cannot co exist with a conventional voice service on the same pair as it utilizes the entire bandwidth or the subscriber loop Sealing Current Unlike telegraphy teletypewriter and POTS lines most digital lines such as ISDN use a voltage rather than current mode of operation Sealing Current allows a controlled A14 Appendix 1 amount of current to be passed through a telecom circuit for purposes of healing resistive faults caused by corrosion Bellcore specifies sealing current on the ISDN U interface in the USA Ihe Siemens EWSD switch does not provide sealing current Most other ISDN capable switches used in North America do SF Superframe A type of Line format supported on T1 circuits The Telco determines the line format and line encoding of your line ESF is the preferred Line Format on T1 circuits See Line Format Silence Suppression See Statistical Multiplexing SIP Session Initiation Protocol the most common IP protocol at the time of this writing for providing telephone service over IP facilities It is used by most Voice Over Internet Protocol VOIP service providers SLC 96 A Subscriber Loop Carrier Circuit system manufactured by AT amp T now Lucent SLC 96 has its own ver
38. Should you replace the power supply module in the future be sure to re connect the safety ground wires as shown in the illustration below Inside the chassis near the power inlet is a ground stud The ground wire from the power inlet is attached to the ground stud with a star washer on either side of the wire terminal See above figure A nut is used to independently tighten the inlet ground wire to the chassis Next the ground wire from the power supply is fastened to the ground stud with a star washer on either side of the wire terminal An additional nut is fastened to the top of the ground stud 3 Operation 3 1 Front Panel Buttons There is a column of three pushbutton switches on the Front Panel for each hybrid Hybrid ON DI Caller ON HOLD a Hybria OFF 3 2 Line Status Display The Line Status display on the Front Panel shows the state of the phone line in iconic form The Status Symbol icons displayed on the LED matrix in normal operating mode are as follows Line is ready for incoming or outgoing calls Line not detected Line is ringing 18 Section 3 Call is ON AIR Call is ON HOLD If the Line Status display indicates Line not detected after power up the telephone line is not connected to the LINE jack on the back Panel or line voltage is not detected Check your wir ing and verify that dial tone is present on the line This function is not compatible with ground start lines or trunks as
39. TELOS Hx1 Hx2 Digital Hybrid Telephone Interface ce FED 0 e USER S MANUAL Manual Version 1 4b for software version 1 4 or later 11 October 2010 Telos Hx1 and Hx2 Manual 2010 TLS Corporation Published by Telos Systems TLS Corporation All rights reserved Trademarks Telos Systems the Telos logo and Hx1 and Hx2 are trademarks of TLS Corporation All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders Notice All versions claims of compatibility trademarks etc of hardware and software products not made by Telos mentioned in this manual or accompanying material are informational only Telos Systems makes no endorsement of any particular product for any purpose nor claims any responsibility for op eration or accuracy We reserve the right to make improvements or changes in the products described in this manual which may affect the product specifications or to revise the manual without notice Warranty This product is covered by a one year limited warranty the full text of which is included in this manual Updates The operation of the Hx1 and Hx2 is determined largely by software We routinely release new versions to add features and fix bugs Check the Telos web site for the latest We encourage you to sign up for the email notification service offered on the site Feedback We welcome feedback on any aspect of the Telos Hx1 or Hx2 or this manual In the past many good ideas from users
40. Telecom regulatory requirements Feedback Reduction The HX has a simple Acoustic Echo Canceler AEC that improves feedback performance and cancels echo caused by speaker to mike acoustic coupling The HX also uses a frequency shifter a Telos innovation that inserts a small unnoticeable shift in frequency to the send audio to prevent feedback buildup when the system is used with open speakers 22 Section 4 Receive Audio Processing The Hx1 and Hx2 hybrid s receive audio processing consists of the following functions High pass hum filter Adaptive Echo Cancellation Automatic Gain Control Noise Gate Digital Dynamic Equalization Sample rate conversion High pass hum Filter This filter removes hum and other unwanted low frequency noise from the caller audio This filter has a break frequency of 100 Hz Adaptive Echo Cancellation An adaptive filter removes studio send audio from the received caller audio It adapts continu ously and naturally Receive Automatic Gain Control The Hx s smart gated AGC improves the consistency of the caller s audio level delivered to the studio console without audible processing artifacts An important additional feature of this AGC is that it is cross coupled to other sections of the hybrids and can therefore reliably distinguish between caller audio and hybrid leakage This allows a more aggressive gain control for bringing up low level call
41. USA 1 216 241 7225 phone 1 216 241 4103 fax 1 216 622 0247 24 7 Technical Support Support Telos Systems com Inquiry Telos Systems com Notices and Cautions This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage inside the enclosure voltage which may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to important operating and maintenance instructions Read the manual CAUTION THE INSTALLATION AND SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE FOR USE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING OTHER THAN THAT CONTAINED IN THE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE QUALIFIED TO DO SO REFER ALL SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL WARNING TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK DO NOT EXPOSE THIS PRODUCT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE USA CLASS A COMPUTING DEVICE INFORMATION TO USER WARNING This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy If it is not installed and used as directed by this manual it may cause interference to radio communication This equipment complies with the limits for a Class A computing device as specified by FCC Rules Part 15 Subpart J which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when this type of equipment is operated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference If it do
42. almost never for more than one or two With one of these oldsters some clever improvisation is going to be needed Here we describe a possible scenario that can be used as a starting point for your situation We assume an older console with Program and Audition as the main busses There is another bus of some kind that can be adapted for mix minus application We ll call this the Utility bus All sources including the hybrid will be assigned to Program so the audience can hear them as usual We will also assign most of these sources to Utility as well just never the fader with the Aybrid s own audio Line Inputs INSTALLATION 7 PGM Bus rn PGM Out Utility Bus To Rec Ch 1 LI To Telco To Rec Ch 2 This arrangement is flexible allowing the operator to place any or all sources in Utility for the caller to hear In our example we have the fortunate case that the console permits the Utility bus to be fed pre fader letting the announcer easily use the telephone system for off air conversa tions A recorder can be attached to the Utility and hybrid outputs to record announcer phone audio This is often done as shown here with each signal to a separate track A drawback is the potential for the operator to accidentally put the hybrid in Utility in which case it is no longer a mix minus To avoid this error the signal path could be permanently disconnected by removing the summing resistors or some such creative
43. and shares what we learn about real world telephony with our customers Our customers come up with creative ways to use our products and often create elegant solutions for unusual problems We d appreciate hearing about your successes and challenges to share with other colleagues and friends We re also interested in your experiences with service providers and telecom systems and equipment vendors 2 8 Quick Basic Test It s all connected Now it s time to check for signs of life First Power the unit up and watch it complete its self test ne If the phone line is connected properly a dot should be present on the display if a minus is displayed the Hx does not detect the line voltage on the idle POTS line Check your wiring If your Hx is directly connected to a phone line press the ON key and dial tone should be present on the Hx s output and RCV bargraph If you have your Hx connected to a 1A2 interface press a line key on the switch console The Hx should come on and dial tone should be heard on it s output and seen on the RCV bargraph Pressing the drop key should release it and the hold key should put the line on hold The display will show a minus to indicate that a line is not detected This is because the 1A2 interface only routes a line to the Hx when one is selected by the user and is present Verify correct mix minus operation at this point by noting that the RCV bargraph
44. ansparently despite the fact that the user s location may change Also used to determine what carrier should handle a given toll free call See also CCIS Station Line A telephone circuit from a PBX to a telephone on that PBX Since this is a telephone to switch connection it is considered to be a line See Line and Trunk Station Side The user side of a PBX The side of the switch that the telephones are attached Also occasionally called the line side The main reason for distinguishing between this and the trunk side is that certain customer related features Such as Hold and Transfer are inapplicable to most trunks See also Trunk Side Statistical Multiplexing A method of improving effective bandwidth of a Telco channel Statistical Multiplexing takes advantage that there are typically many pauses in a conversation By taking advantage of this fact and not sending the pauses improvements in efficiency can be made Also referred to as silence suppression See Circuit Switched Subscriber The customer of a Telecommunications company This term dates back to when a local Telephone Company was formed at the specific request of a group of customers who agreed in advance to subscribe to the service TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A15 Superframe See SF Switch Telephone switching device which makes the connection when you place a call Modern switches are specialized computers ISDN service is provided from a
45. ate Interface 23 bearer channels and a single Data channel for call set up A T1 can carry data service or mixed data and voice when provisioned appropriately but lower cost services such as DSL are largely supplanting T1 circuits for Internet access T 1 An alternative expression for T1 See T1 Tandem Switch A switch which is between two others It connects two trunks together Long distance calls on a LEC line go through a long distance tandem that passes them through to the long distance provider s switch Tandem Tie Trunk Switching When a PBX switch allows a tie line call to dial out of the switch For example if switch A in Arkansas has a tie line to switch B in Boise Boise could use the tie line to make calls from switch A TD Transmit Data Data coming from the DTE towards the DCE or network Also a light on a modem or CSU DSU that lights to indicate presence of this signal Telco Telephone Company Your local telephone service provider In the 21st century you generally have a choice of Telcos if you are a business in a major metropolitan area in the USA Competition is coming to the Telecom industry around the world Telcordia Technologies Formerly Bellcore The research and development organization owned by the telephone companies Telcordia represents the phone companies in developing standards for Telco equipment and in testing equipment compliance to those standards Promotes compe tit
46. audio video conferencing applications When over loaded Circuit Switched networks will respond all circuits are busy try again later This is in stark contrast to packet switched networks or to systems where statistical multiplexing is used See statistical multiplexing and Packet Switching CLASS Custom Local Area Signaling Services A variety of enhanced features usually on analog lines that take advantage of the ability of modern SS7 technology s ability to transmit information about the calling party CLASS includes such features as Caller ID Automatic Callback Call Trace initiated by subscriber Selective Call Screening etc Class 4 switch A Class 4 or Tandem telephone switch is a U S telephone company central office switch used to connect local exchange class 5 central offices for long distance communi cations in the Public Switched Telephone Network See Class 4 or Class 4 5 switches Class 4 5 switch Also called a Hi Lo switch This is a US telephone company central office switch that provides both local and long distance service Many CLEC s are configured in this way See Class 4 or Class 5 switches Class 5 switch A Class 5 telephone switch is a telephone switch or telephone exchange in the Public Switched Telephone Network located at the local telephone company s central office directly serving subscribers Services provided include basic dial tone calling features and additional digital and da
47. coming Trunk Groups and Outgoing Trunk Groups See also Combination Trunks and Two way DID Trunks Trunk Side Central Office The side of a central office that faces the network between switches Historically many CO switches could not make trunk to trunk connections as opposed to tandem and long distance switches that are always used to connect trunks together Hence the need to distinguish between the line side and the trunk side of the switch See also Line Side Trunk Side PBX The side of a PBX that connects to the Telco Historically many PBXs could not make trunk to trunk connections Hence the need to distinguish between the line side and the trunk side of the switch Since a trunk is a switch to switch circuit these circuits can be called trunks Beware even though you have a PBX the Telco may still call these lines even though your PBX considers them trunks See also Trunk and Line Side Two way DID trunk An ISDN PRI equipped for direct inward dialing Most PBX trunks are related to a given phone number either alone or as part of a hunt group In the case of a nor mal i e analog DID Trunk a group of phone numbers are associated with that DID trunk or group of trunks and incoming calls include the DID number so the PBX can route that call to the correct DID extension These are one way i e inward only trunks This is exactly how ISDN PRI functions with the DID information coming in ov
48. cs XLR Pin 1 Ground XLR Pin 2 High Active Balanced RF suppressed XLR Pin 3 Low Active Balanced RF suppressed Output impedance lt 60 Ohms Analog clip point at 24 dBu Digital to Analog converter resolution of 24 bits 12 Section2 The nominal output level is fixed at 4 dBu with 20 dBu headroom to account for the crest factor of some audio signals If you are connecting the output of your Hx to a device with an unbalanced input connect the shield from your device s unbalanced input to pin 1 ground on the Hx and the hot lead from your device to pin 2 It s important that unbalanced lines be kept short to avoid hum and noise pickup We also suggest that all of your audio equipment be powered from the same AC power source or circuit to prevent ground loops due to the use of multiple grounds For complete infor mation on suggested wiring and grounding techniques for your studio or recording workstation please visit the support page at the Telos website http www telos systems com support 2 6 Remote Control The female DB9 connector on the Back Panel provides access to control functions Pin 1 of the DB9 connector is Ground Pins 2 through 5 on the top row are for GPIO input signals from the remote device while Pins 6 through 9 on the bottom row are GPIO output signals to the remote device Two of the GPIO input pins and two of the GPIO output pins are reserved for each hybrid as follows
49. cts to receive ringing current FXS Foreign Exchange Station termination A line or port meant to connect to a telephone Such an interface must look for current flow to know when the attached device goes off hook It must be able to generate ringing current An FXS port will run a telephone set A8 Appendix 1 Glare On a POTS line an incoming call is signaled by periodically applying an AC ring voltage to the line Since there is a semi random period before the ring and pauses between rings it is possible to seize a line which is about to ring and answer a call when attempting to place an outgoing call When this scenario happens it is called glare Glare is much less likely if Ground Start or ISDN trunks are used See also Ground Start Trunk GR 303 See SLC 96 Grade of service This is simply the ratio of calls blocked to total calls in a decimal form Therefore a grade of service of P 08 would represent 8 blocking Telephone tariffs regulate the acceptable average grade of service which must be provided on public networks See also Blocking Ground Start Trunk A type of telephone trunk where the request to make an outgoing call i e request for dial tone is made by briefly grounding the Tip conductor Many PBX system use ground start trunks as they are less prone to glare than Loop start trunks Ground start lines are sometimes used with equipment designed for Loop Start lines This may or may not work ge
50. d the selection of central office equipment by the telephone company 14 Section 2 Connect to a Telos 1A2 Interface Our earlier products like our classic 1A2 interface didn t support disconnect supervision for callers on air When using the Hx with a 1A2 interface all features will work normally though a caller selected to be on air who hangs up will cause the Hx to release the line or go on hook Audio is muted because the Hx has disconnected the line The lamp on the switch console and any key phones will remain lit until the line is dropped by the user You can easily build a control cable to go between the 1A2 interface and the Hx that connects the on off and ground signals Then plug your analog line into the main hybrid 1 or conf hybrid 2 jack on the 1A2 interface as appropriate 1A2 Interface DB 9 PIN Hx Hybrid DB 9 PIN 5 1 hybrid off 3 9 1 hybrid on 2 6 Ground 1 4 2 hybrid off 5 3 2 hybrid on 4 Connect to a Telos Direct Interface Module Using the Hx or any hybrid supporting disconnect supervision with the Direct Interface Module DIM requires an external source of loop current The DIM provides only a dry transformer audio feed which worked well with the simpler hybrids of the time Visit the Telos website or contact support for several options that will allow you to use the Hx with the DIM Connect to other systems Contact Telos Support Telos collects
51. dcast industry telephony common at the time of writing 1MB USOC term for a single Measured Business line in the US See USOC 1FB USOC term for a single Flat Rate Business line in the US See USOC 1FR USOC term for a single Flat Rate Residential line in the US See USOC 5ESS The 5ESS Switch is a Class 5 telephone electronic switching system sold by Alcatel Lucent This digital central office telephone circuit switching system is used by many telephone companies It is one of the most common Central Office switches used in the US Analog Terminal Adapter a device used to connect one or more standard analog telephones POTS to a digital telephone system such as a Voice over IP network or a proprietary telephone system such as a PBX or Key System ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber line Most common type of telephone company delivered Internet access The download downstream direction is usually at a higher rate than the upload upstream direction Most often installed as Line Share DSL that is the DSL rides on top of the POTS line Dry Pair DSL is usually available for customers desiring only the data service At the time of this writing Speeds are as fast as 7 1 Mbps down and 768kbps up with faster speeds available soon through newly deployed technologies Service availability is limited by loop length and cable type AMI Alternate Mark Inversion A T1 line coding method See line coding T1 See Also B8ZS
52. ecially impor tant if you intend to use the auto answer feature When an on air connected call drops a wide range of things might happen Most PBX s will simply drop the audio from the outside line and perhaps send a fast busy or reorder tone The Hx will stay off hook until you manually drop it unless you ve set the Call Progress Tone Disconnect to disconnect after hearing reorder tone with the internal dip switches Some PBX s will send a momentary loop current interruption that will cause the Hx to release from the line the desired behavior Congratulations You re a winner We ve had good luck with PBX s from Avaya Larger systems EON Cortelco NEC and station disconnect supervision can be enabled in Mitel digital PBX s though it is not by default Most telephone company central office lines do support Calling Party Control CPC or loop current interruption based disconnect Most ATAs used by VoIP providers will simply play you reorder fast busy tone Most are capable of sending the CPC loop current interruption signal though many have this feature disabled by default It can usually be turned on through the web interface on the unit The best ones that we ve seen are units made by Cisco Linksys and Sipura Some Foreign Exchange or choke lines will not pass the CPC signal and the line will go silent or to dial tone a reorder or even a recorded message This is mainly a function of circuit design an
53. en 0 to 40 degrees Celsius 32 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit with a relative humidity of 0 to 98 non condensing Next installation steps are Connect your telco circuits and connect a looped through telephone set if desired Connect Audio with analog connections or AES3 if equipped Connect any needed parallel GPIO for remote control operation or to use any of the available status indications present on the rear panel DB 9 connector Power up the Hx and do a quick basic operational test using the factory settings This installation section covers all of the above After completing these steps you ll be ready to move on to configuration for your specific situation 2 1 Connecting your telco lines The Hx1 amp 2 use standard RJ 11 type modular telephone connectors Only the two center 7 pins that carry the analog line s tip and ring are used Connect the telephone line using the rear panel LINE jack The Hx is designed to work with ordinary loop start analog phone lines though it can oper ate on PBX extensions and VoIP Analog Terminal Adapters ATA s Hybrid performance and system behavior on these kinds of lines may vary If you plan to use your Hx on any of these types of lines or connect your unit to other legacy Telos systems such as the 1A2 interface or the Direct Interface Module and others please see section 2 7 Lines that carry Shared Line DSL can be problematic It s sugges
54. er the D channel There is a big difference between a normal DID Trunk and a Two way DID trunk over ISDN PRI For one thing ISDN PRI is digital Another distinction is that you cannot dial out over a true DID trunk while you can dial out over a PRI hence the conflicting designation Two Way Direct Inward Dialing Trunk Two Wire A circuit path where only a single pair of wires is used A hybrid is used to convert from two wire to four wire circuits No hybrid is perfect and those used by the phone company can be poor However the hybrids in Telos Hx units are approaching perfection USOC Universal Service Order Code The Bell System Universal Service Ordering Code USOC system was developed to connect customer premises equipment to the public network These codes adopted in part by the FCC Part 68 Subpart F Section 68 502 are a series of Registered Jack RJ wiring configurations for telephone jacks that remain in use today The now famous RJ 11 and RJ 45 came from this naming convention Variant The particular protocol i e National ISDN 1 or ETS 300 running on a specific switch Not all variants are valid for a specific switch The switch brand and model plus the variant defines the ISND protocol Applies to configuring the 2101 See ISDN Protocol TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A17 Virtual ISDN An alternative to repeaters which uses a local Telco Switch to act as a repeater and which then sends the signal onto another switc
55. ers while still preserving excellent hybrid performance Noise Gate Turning on the noise gate enables the built in downward expander The downward expander reduces low level line noise when no caller audio is present and reduces low level leakage This function is cross coupled with the AGC and the ducking system Digital Dynamic Equalizer Telephone audio frequency response varies widely as many different factors can affect it we ve measured the response on a number of calls and the results were very revealing Consequently some form of receive equalization is desirable The Hx s Digital Dynamic EQ process is the most sophisticated equalizer available in a broadcast telephone interface All processing is performed in the digital domain The Receive EQ settings control the type of equalization applied to the receive telephone audio as follows Off The caller audio is passed without modification Fixed This is a simple manual equalizer Adaptive Digital Dynamic This is a three band dynamic equalizer We ve chosen frequency breakpoints time constants and other characteristics to optimize the tonal quality of varied telephone callers You set desired target levels to customize the callers spectral characteristics which are maintained from call to call Adaptive Fixed This mode separately adds a fixed amount of additional gain to the high and low frequency bands of the three band dynamic equalizer CONFIGU
56. es the user will be required to eliminate the interference at the user s expense NOTE Objectionable interference to TV or radio reception can occur if other devices are connected to this device without the use of shielded interconnect cables FCC rules require the use of shielded cables CANADA WARNING This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications Le present appareil numerique nemet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de Class A prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des Communications du Canada Table of Contents We support you ooo i AletterfromourPresident 2 2 ee ee ee vii 1 Introduction 1 ThEHXI Hybrid 2 2 See ee A be ae d ea 1 P rpose nie a 5 4 4 4 0 awe hak Bod Qe ae ge ee 1 Features a sp Gd te ae di e Goss cee Waa hm PS 2 The Hx2 Hybrid o o o o o o o ee 3 2 Installation 5 Connecting your telco lines 2 ee ee 5 Studio Audio Connections o aa aaa 6 Hx2 Internal Mix Minus 2 222222 ee 9 Input Audio Connection o a 10 Output Audio Connection aa aaa 11 Remote Control pei atii be su nr a aa 12 Connecting your Hx to other systems and non standard lines 13 Quick Basic Test 22 ee 14 Power Input and Grounding Safety o o o oo 15 3 O
57. excit ing things What if was the query asked by Steve Church that led to the start of Telos Systems In 1984 Steve then a young broadcast engineer and part time talk show host wondered whether emerging Digital Signal Processing DSP technology might be useful to clean up the terrible caller audio then the norm at radio stations The result of asking it was the Telos 10 the world s first digital telephone hybrid a product that changed the face of radio forever Looking back at Telos history What if is found at the root of many more technologies broadcasters have since made ubiquitous MP3 bit rates are perfectly matched to the bandwidth of ISDN what if we combined them What if we built a box that let radio stations stream audio on the Internet What if we could use Ethernet to treat audio as data and move it around the radio station in real time By the way if you recognized the answers to those questions as the Zephyr ISDN codec AudioActive MPEG encoder and Livewire IP Audio protocol give yourself a cookie Today as technology roars ahead we re constantly seeking new ways to apply it to the problems of every day broadcasting Voice over IP VolP is particularly compelling for its ability to packetize high quality phone calls and direct them anywhere in the broadcast plant using ubiquitous standard Ethernet as a backbone ALETTER FROM OUR PRESIDENT VII A new digital tech called
58. far end using in band tones The extra 4 tones were originally used in the US military Autovon phone network E1 A common type of digital telephone trunk widely deployed outside the US and Canada Has 31 available 64 kbps channels called DS s plus a sync control channel for a total data rate of 2 048 mbps E 1 See El ESF Extended Superframe A type of Line format supported on T1 circuits The Telco deter mines the line format and line encoding of your line See Line Format Exchange Another name for a Central Office most often used in European countries Also used in the USA amp Canada to refer to a particular 3 digit prefix of a 7 digit telephone number See CO Extended Superframe See ESF FDL Facilities Data Link A bi directional data link available on T1 circuits when the ESF line format is used The FDL is primarily used by the Telco to poll the CSU for error statistics Four Wire A circuit path using separate pairs for send and receive This term is also used when referring to digital channels that inherently have discrete send and receive paths regard less of the number of pairs or other media used See also Hybrid Frame A unit of data which is defined by the specific communications protocol used See Line Format T1 FXO Foreign Exchange Office termination A line or port meant to connect to the POTS output of a Central Office Such an interface goes off and on hook to signal status and expe
59. for both hybrids with each hybrid s output fed into the other s input internally at unity gain so that the callers can hear each other and sums each with the audio from the consoles mix minus output Only the SEND IN 1 input is used to feed both hybrids Both hybrid outputs still function independently The two hybrid outputs are NOT summed together so you should provide a fader for each hybrid The consoles mix minus must be configured so that no hybrid s output gets sent to its own input 10 Section 2 SEND IN 1 n Send Console Audio rom Studio HYBRID Line 1 Audio from Line 2 gt 1 A RCV OUT 1 To Studio E SEND IN 2 une 1 Send Console Audio Line 2 Audio from Line 1 Not Used HYBRID 2 gt RCV OUT 2 To Studio E Line 2 The figure above illustrates which signals are combined together inside the Digital Signal Processor and routed to each connector when the Hx2 internal mix minus feature is enabled HX2 INTERNAL MIX MINUS when enabled Use this option if you only have a single mix minus available from your console and you wish to use both hybrids to conference callers on the air You ll still need a fader for each hybrid output Bit 6 in the OPTIONS DIP switch bank controls the mix minus feature The internal mix minus feature is enabled when the switch is ON The default factory setting is OFF Disabled 2 4 Input Audio Connection PHONE LINE O SEND IN RCV OUT
60. h which supports ISDN See also Repeater VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol communications services that are transported via packet switched IP networks rather than the public switched telephone network PSTN Work Order See Trouble Ticket Yellow Alarm An alarm on a T carrier circuit that is returned by the local equipment if it is ina Red Alarm state A Red Alarm indicates a loss of inbound signal a Yellow alarm indicates indirectly a loss of outbound signal See Red Alarm Blue Alarm and LOS SETTINGS Bits 1 and 2 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON Bits 3 and 4 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON Bits 5 and 6 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON Bits 7 and 8 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON APPENDIX 2 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE REAR PANEL SWITCHES Quick Reference Guide Rear Panel Switches Function EQ LO fixed dB gain adjustment 0 dB adjustment EQ LO Factory Default 2 dB adjustment EQ LO 4 dB adjustment EQ LO 6 dB adjustment EQ LO EQ HI fixed dB gain adjustment 0 dB adjustment EQ HI Factory Default 2 dB adjustment EQ HI 4 dB adjustment EQ HI 6 dB adjustment EQ HI Ducker dB gain adjustment Full Duplex no attenuation 6 dB attenuation Factory Default 12 dB attenuation Half Duplex AGC and Noise Gate settings Phone AGC OFF Noise Gate OFF Phone AGC Full Noise Gate OFF Phone AGC Full Noise Gate OFF Factory Default Phone AGC Full Noise Gate Normal A19 OPTIONS Bits 1
61. hassis cover should only be removed by a qualified technician AC power must be disconnected prior to removing the cover 28 Section 4 The internal DIP switch bank is divided up into two subsets of 4 switches each Bits 1 through 4 configure the Hx s telephone interface circuitry to match the telephone line impedance and voltage characteristics of the country where the hybrid is used Bits 5 through 8 configure Call Progress Tone Detection to match the call progress tones used by various countries or central office switches Call progress tones Dial tone busy tone etc can be used to make the Hx disconnect when loop current signaling is not available or is unreliable Call Progress Tone Disconnect is active only on Auto Answered incoming calls to prevent undesired disconnections It may be disabled if the feature causes problems in your application See internal DIP switch settings table below Table 1 lists what telephone network characteristics are being selected by Bits 1 through 4 Table 2 lists the Call Progress Tone Detection characteristics being selected by Bits 5 through 8 Table 3 lists the recommended DIP switch settings for each country Reorder tone is a fast busy signal often used to indicate network congestion or error conditions Table 1 Internal DIP Switch bank Bit 1 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON Bit 2 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON OFF Bit 3 OFF OFF ON ON OF
62. he Switched 56 network ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network A relatively new and highly flexible type of telephone service which allows dialing on digital channels with multiple bi directional Bearer channels each with a capacity of 56 or 64 Kbps and a single bi directional D channel See BRI and PRI ISDN Protocol Ihe language used for communication between the Telco s switch and the customer s Terminal Adapter Each ISDN circuit has one protocol and the protocol has no effect on where or whom one may call See ETS 300 National ISDN and Custom ISDN ISDN 2 A term used in Europe for ISDN BRI Also called S Not to be confused with National ISDN 2 See BRI ISDN 30 A term used in Europe for ISDN PRI Also called S2M See PRI ISG Incoming Service Grouping A Hunt Group See Hunt Group IXC IntereXchange Carrier See IEC Kbps KiloBits Per Second Measure of digital channel capacity Key Telephone System A system that allows multiple telephones to share multiple pre determined telephone lines The system provides indicators to allow the user s to understand the status of each line available on a given phone In its most basic form it is up to the user to provide the intelligence to select an unused line or answer a ringing line for example See also PBX LATA Local Access and Transport Area The area within which calls are routed by your Local Exchange Carrier LEC Under the divestiture of
63. ion and compatibility through standards promoting interoperability such as GR 303 Telcor dia also offers educational and training programs open to all interested parties Bellcore was sold to SAIC in 1997 Telcordia is responsive to both RBOCs and independent Telcos Their web site is http www telcordia com See GR 303 Telephone Number See DN and MSN Telos Customer Support 1 216 622 0247 Available 24 hours a day every day You may also ask for assistance by emailing to Support telos systems com A16 Appendix 1 Tie Line See Tie Trunk Tie trunk A Trunk between two PBXs Note a tie line is a dedicated circuit not a switched circuit See Trunk TR 008 See SLC 96 Trouble Ticket A Telco work order used to track Customer Repairs within the Telco If you call someone inside the Telco s repair department they will need this number to proceed It will also be needed whenever you call to check on the status of a repair Always ask for this number when initiating a repair request Trunk A communications path between two switching systems Note that many trunks may be on a single circuit if that circuit has multiple channels The trunks most users will deal with are between the Telco switch and a PBX However a Tie Trunk can connect two PBXs See also Tie Trunk and Trunk Group Trunk Group A number of telephone channels which are functionally related Most common is the Hunt Group Other common types include In
64. ise Gate Normal Auto Answer Configuration settings OPTIONS Bits 3 and 4 jointly control the operation of the Auto Answer feature of the hybrid You can select between turning the feature off or set the number of rings before the incoming call is answered and the placed on air as follows OPTIONS Bit 3 Bit 4 Configuration Setting Value OFF OFF Auto Answer OFF Factory Default OFF ON Auto Answer ON Auto answer after first ring ON OFF Auto Answer ON Auto answer after third ring ON ON Auto Answer ON Auto answer after eighth ring Send extra gain to caller configuration setting The Hx1 and Hx2 hybrid units have been designed to send a 9 dBu average level to the telephone line to meet the USA s FCC regulations OPTION Bit 5 adds 3dB of gain to the send level heard by the caller This should only be used when the hybrid is connected to a PBX or in countries outside of the USA that permit a higher transmit level OPTIONS Bit 5 Configuration Setting Value OFF No additional gain is applied Factory Default ON 3 dB additional gain is applied to the audio sent to the caller CONFIGURATION SETTINGS 27 Hx2 Internal Mix Minus Configuration setting The Hx2 can operate as two independent hybrids or be configured to perform an internal mix minus between the two hybrids OPTIONS Bit 6 Configuration Setting Value OFF Independent Internal mix minus is disabled Factory Default ON Coupled Internal mix minus is enabled
65. ix Minus Bus Busses Send Bus bey y f SS SSS 4 Pu u Tel Line 1 Headphones Bus Le Tel Line 2 PGM out BT Diagram showing system set up for remotes with delay in the transmission path and calls taken at the studio A problem with this arrangement is a result of a hybrid with too much leakage combined with the system delay If the hybrid isn t doing a good job of preventing the send audio from leaking to its output the special remote send mix minus is corrupted Remember if any of the announcer audio from the remote site is returned via the monitor feed it will be delayed by the digital link causing an echo effect The Telos Hx really shows its stuff in this situation Because it has such good trans hybrid loss leakage is not at all likely to be a problem And should there ever be a problem you can solve it by increasing the amount of ducking See Section 4 2 Note The Telos Hx has the more common pin outs used for three pin XLR inputs amp outputs You can easily remember the correct signals when wiring connectors using the phrase George Washington Bridge Pin 1 G Ground Pin 2 W White typical color in mic cable if there is no white there will be a red conductor and Pin 3 B Black 2 3 Hx2 Internal Mix Minus The two hybrids in the Hx2 unit may be configured so that a single mix minus feed may be used
66. n anything else in this manual There s also a diagram at the end of this section that shows inputs outputs controls and metering points A picture is worth a thousand words maybe more when youre in a hurry Before we lose you to the quick reference guide we should point out that here we provide the details that you might need to set up your Hx most effectively If this is your first Hx a few minutes with this section will help you determine which features will help you in your particular application Send Audio Processing The Hx1 and Hx2 hybrid s send to caller audio processing consists of the following functions Sample rate conversion High pass filter Anti Feedback the pitch shifter and Acoustic Echo Canceler Send AGC Limiter Sample Rate Conversion AES and analog input sources are sample rate converted to the hybrid s internal sampling rate of 8 KHz High Pass filter A high pass filter with a 300 Hz break frequency improves hybrid performance and enhances intelligibility by removing unnecessary low frequencies from the input audio This function is always enabled Send Automatic Gain Control Limiter The AGC helps maintain consistent audio levels to the caller This function is always enabled At moderate levels it is AGC like while at higher peak levels it is more limiter like In addition to making levels more consistent to callers it performs the protection limiting required to meet
67. n on the hybrid a brief mute adapt period provides an opportunity for the system to adapt to the line before the call goes on the air The caller hears a noise burst to alert him that he s on the air but the noise burst isn t heard by the audience as the output is muted while the noise is being sent While the caller is on the hybrid the hybrid continuously adapts to telephone line characteristics Press the BB button to return the call to the telephone handset and disconnect it from the hybrid Hang up the phone if you want to drop the call When a call is active on the hybrid pressing the J button mutes the receive audio but keeps the call active on the hybrid The caller hears send audio while waiting on hold and the unit will disconnect if the held caller hangs up or is disconnected for any reason When a call is on hold and you press the EJ button the caller audio is restored The caller will hear the adapt noise tone about half the length of when you press the EI button from any other condition Thus one purpose of the Hold function is to allow a pre adaption to the telephone line and a quick take of it later 21 4 Configuration Settings Configuration of the Hx is done via DIP switch settings There s a quick reference guide in the back of this book that lists the remote connector pin numbers and all of the available configura tion options and their switch settings You ll probably use those two pages more tha
68. nerally it serves to prevent outgoing calls while incoming calls work normally Telcos may call these ground start lines See Loop Start Trunk See also Glare GTD 5 The GTD 5 EAX General Telephone Digital Number 5 Electronic Automatic Exchange is the Class 5 telephone switch developed by GTE Automatic Electric Laboratories This digital central office telephone circuit switching system is used in the former GTE service areas and by many smaller telecommunications service providers It does not support ISDN HDSL High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line HDSL delivers 1 544 Mbps of bandwidth each way over two copper twisted pairs Because HDSL provides T1 speed telephone com panies have been using HDSL to provision local access to T1 services whenever possible The operating range of HDSL is limited to 12 000 feet so repeaters can be installed to extend the service HDSL requires two twisted pairs so it is deployed primarily for PBX network con nections digital loop carrier systems interexchange POPs Internet servers and private data networks DC voltage used to power the network Interface Unit NIU is phantomed between the two pairs See NIU Hunt group A group of telephone channels configured so that if the first is busy engaged the call goes to the next channel if that channel is busy it goes to the next channel etc Hunt groups may hunt from the highest to the lowest the lowest to the highest or on some other arbitrar
69. non standard lines We know that you re creative and that we couldn t hope to address every possible situation that you face and armed with a little knowledge about how the Hx works internally you should be successful with most applications of the Hx In short The Hx will operate on anything that electrically looks like a POTS telephone line You can connect the Hx to anything that is designed to run a standard Analog telephone set It needs loop current of 12 24 volts at 15 25 ma to run its line interface chip The chip provides telephone line audio and line signaling status on hook off hook ringing loop drop etc to the processor to control the unit If loop current isn t present you ll have no audio and the Hx will simply hang up This is correct behavior Connect to PBX s and VoIP Analog Terminal Adapters ATAs When connecting to VoIP ATA s or PBX station ports and even telephone company provided pair gain systems and channel banks sometimes things can be a little different Odd voltages strange feature implementations and other issues can cause problems with audio performance and produce weird behavior Fortunately these kinds of interfaces keep getting better meaning that the Hx will probably just work with a few possible exceptions The most common issue is likely to be what we call disconnect supervision that is what the line does when the caller on the line has hung up Disconnect supervision is esp
70. onvey busy or all trunks busy conditions Thus blocking due to a station contest should not occur as the busy status in response to a call attempt is conveyed over the separate SS7 network Therefore the need for choke exchanges has pretty much disappeared Nonetheless many Telcos still insist that Broadcasters use special choke lines for call in lines Much of the need for the choke network is historical Few current telephone company employees understand this or it s history They only seem to believe that it s required A4 Appendix 1 Unless very aggressive contesting is planned these arrangements should probably best be avoided See blocking and concentration Circuit A physical path through which electrical signals can pass It consists of a network of conductors and other components separated by insulators Technically this term cannot be applied to fiber optic or other non metallic paths See also channel Circuit Switching A system where a dedicated channel is allocated to the users of that call for the duration of that call That channel is allocated for the duration of the call regardless if information is being transmitted at any given moment Bandwidth through the channel is fixed at no time may this bandwidth be exceeded If this bandwidth is not used it is wasted While inherently inefficient the dependable and reliable nature of circuit switching makes it ideally suited to real time voice and
71. operation If no bus is available to feed the Hx you could use an external mixer that bridges the micro phone inputs to achieve the same effect The Hx2 has multiple hybrids and works best if two faders can be assigned to the telephone system with two associated mix minuses one for each telephone line This is probably not going to be easy with an older console But the Hx2 has an option to work with a single external mix minus by making an internal cross connection of the hybrids See Section 2 3 for more on this Using a small mixer A small audio mixer is used to record interviews off the telephone line using a single hybrid The mixer s main bus is fed to the recording device Both the microphone and the hybrid will be brought up on the faders so the interview can be recorded Most small mixers such as those made by Mackie have one or two Aux send busses so we will use these to feed the telephone system We will turn up Aux for the microphone but we will make sure it is turned fully off for the each channel that has the corresponding caller audio 8 Section2 NOTE NOTE This must be turned This must be turned down or AUX 2 will no down or AUX 1 will no longer be a mix Minus OUTPUT FROM longer be a mix Minus OUTPUT FROM UTILITY LEFT OUTPUT RI GHT OUTPUT AUX 1 OUT TO HYB 2 IN 2 AUX 2 OUT TO HYB 1 IN 2 Mic1 Caller1 Caller2 Using a production style console The Produc
72. operty and their maintenance responsibility Most often the NIU or sometimes called simply NI or Smart Jack is located in a locked cabinet Also a nice little college in Illinois A12 Appendix 1 Northern Telecom The Canadian company which was once the manufacturing arm of Bell Canada it was called Northern Electric back then Now called Nortel Networks See Nortel NT Network Termination The electrical and protocol specifications for the user end ofan ISDN line See also LI NT 1 An alternative expression for NT1 See NT1 NT1 Network Termination Type 1 The termination at the customer premises of an ISDN BRI circuit The NT1 performs the role of line termination of the U interface and Codes Decodes from the line s 2B1Q coding scheme The customer end of the NT1 interfaces using the S or T interface The NT1 is frequently part of the Terminal Adapter and is built in to Zephyr Xstream Zephyr ZephyrExpress Telos TWO and TWOx12 systems sold in the USA amp Canada See also NCTE NTBA Network Termination Basic Access The term used for NT1 in some countries See NT1 See also NCTE OOS Out of Service An alarm light or condition on a T1 or trunk Packet Switching Packet Switched networks are more commonly associated with Computers Local Area Networks and the Internet In a packet switched network the raw stream of data is broken into individual pieces called packets Each packet is r
73. ote wire centers remotes or vaults where Pair Gain carrier systems reside so that DSL service may be provided to customers who otherwise could not be served due to loop length limitations DSU Data Service Unit See CSU DSU DSX 1 Digital Cross Connect level 1 USA amp Canada primarily Defined as part of the DS1 T1 specification and is a closely related signal The type of signal switched by a Digital Cross Connect System DACS The FDL is stripped off at the DACS interface DSX 1 is also the type of signal that arrives at the user side of a CSU on a T1 line A DSX 1 cable is limited to 655 feet 200 meters DTE Data Terminal Equipment When using serial communications such RS 232 V 35 or X 21 the DTE is the device sending receiving from a modem or CSU DSU In contrast to DCE DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency The standard tone pairs used on telephone terminals for dialing using in band signaling The standards define 16 tone pairs 0 9 and A F although most terminals support only 12 of them 0 9 and These are also sometimes referred to as Touch Tones Note that while digital data terminals have the same symbols ISDN uses common channel signaling over the D channel and therefore does not necessarily generate any tones at all However many terminals still generate the tones since they will still be used on occasion to access services such as voicemail or automated attendant at the
74. outed through the data network individually This is somewhat analogous to taking the pages of a book and sending each page as a letter through the postal system The page numbers would allow reassembly of the book no matter what order the pages were received at the far end The end user does not know or care that the packets may travel a variety of routes Ifa given page did not arrive in a reasonable length of time one could request that this page be re sent Most packet switched systems allow packets to be discarded if the network capacity is exceeded the postal system is not supposed to do this This is accommodated by the higher level protocol which knows to request that a packet be re sent if it does not arrive Therefore the typical behavior of a packet switched network when overloaded is that throughput decreases i e the network slows down as the percentage of discarded packets increases In stark contrast to Circuit Switched networks See Circuit Switching Pair Gain Pair gain is a method of transmitting multiple POTS signals over the twisted pairs traditionally used for a single traditional subscriber line in telephone systems See SLC 96 PBX Private Branch Exchange A privately owned switch Basically a PBX is a private busi ness telephone system which also interfaces to the telephone network In some circles PBX implies a manual switchboard whereas PABX Private Automatic branch exchange implies a PBX that
75. peration 17 Front Panel Buttons 22 2 Co Cocoon 17 Line Status Display 222 2 Cocoon 17 Metering a os Shee a me ae eek Rowe ae 18 Basic Operation 2 ee es 19 4 Configuration Settings 21 Rear Panel DIP Switch Control o o o o o o o o o o 24 Country Specific Settings o ooo ooo 27 Factory Default Configuration Settings 32 TELOS HX1 HX2 MANUAL 5 AES 1 0 Option 33 Installation Instructions ee 33 AES Channel Assignments o o o o o ee ee 35 Restoring an AES equipped unit to Analog Operation 35 6 Troubleshooting 37 On Board Diagnostics ee 37 Software Version s ae ee ee ee es 37 DIP Switch Status aa ek er ana Sa A es 37 T1 Test 400 hz tone generation ee ee 38 T2 Test Studio Loopback oaa aaa 38 T3Test FeedThroughTest 2 ee ee 39 Hardware Repairs 2 es 39 7 Specifications 41 8 Warranty and Application Caution 43 A1 Telephone Terminology Guide A1 A2 Quick Reference Guide Rear Panel Switches A19 A3 _ Quick Reference Guide Internal Switches amp Remote Connector pin usage A21 V VI ALETTER FROM OUR PRESIDENT A Letter from our President What if A singularly great question because it opens the door to so many other questions and ideas Those who ask it are sometimes called dreamers as if that were somehow bad but history has often proven dreamers to be the avatars of new and
76. rd The circuit in the Telco switch to which your line is connected On an ISDN circuit the line card performs a role analogous to the NT1 in adapting to and equalizing the circuit to establish OSI Layer 1 Line Coding T1 The clock signal for T1 is derived at the far end from the data bits them selves Therefore T1 lines have certain restrictions as to the data allowed No more than 15 zeros shall be sent in a row and average density of 12 5 ones must be maintained The CSU is responsible to ensure that these requirements are met The line encoding method AMI or B8ZS determines exactly how these requirements are met while still allowing recovery of the original data at the far end Your Telco will determine the method used on a specific circuit B8ZS is preferred E1 circuits have similar restrictions HDB3 is preferred for E1 circuits Listed Directory Number See LDN Line Equipment the circuit on a telephone company s switch that is used to provide service to a customer Line Encoding T1 See Line Coding T1 Line Format T1 Modern T1 circuits usually use either Superframe sometimes called SF or D4 or Extended Superframe sometimes called ESF line formatting The type of framing used is determined by your Telco ESF is preferred See ESF and SF Line Side This is the side of a central office switch that the subscriber s telephone lines are connected to The main reason for distinguishing between this and the trunk side is
77. rs Lucent was split off from AT amp T in 1996 Lucent s PBX division was spun off in 2001 as AVAYA MCLD Modifying Calling Line Disconnect The parameter on the Lucent 5ESS switch that determines if CPC is active Should be set to Yes if CPC is required See CPC National ISDN USA amp Canada The US standardized multi platform ISDN protocol The first version is National ISDN 1 As of mid 1996 National ISDN 2 has been implemented in some areas and is fully backward compatible with National ISDN 1 NCTE Network Channel Terminating Equipment NCTE is a general term that can be ap plied to a CSU or NT1 or other equipment terminating a digital line at the customer s premises In many countries the NCTE is provided by the Telco The USA is not one of those countries Network Channel Terminating Equipment See NCTE Network Termination See NT NIU Network Interface Unit a line powered telephone company owned interface card that provides a remote controlled loopback function some error monitoring and signal level condi tioning It s typically a box on the wall with some lights that has at least one RJ45 jack and a cable going to either the RJ21x block or other demarc The NIU converts the incoming 2 pair line to an RJ45 T1 or PRI line you need a CSU DSU between it and your equipment to handle the level conversion and provide your own loopback capability The NIU and the cable going to it are the phone company s pr
78. s amp Telecommunications This is a European standards body that formerly set the standards for telephone interfaces for 26 countries CEPT Format The usual rate and frame format for E1 circuits 2 048 mbps See E1 CEPT Rate See CEPT format See also E1 Channel Associated Signaling See CAS See also Robbed Bit Signaling Channel Bank a device that multiplexes or demultiplexes a group of communications chan nels such as analog or digital telephone lines into one channel of higher bandwidth or higher digital bit rate such as a DS 1 T1 circuit See also Pair Gain Choke Exchange A telephone exchange which is assigned to Radio and TV stations Promot ers and other users that will be receiving large numbers of simultaneous calls The idea is to group all of these users on a single exchange so when all routes into that exchange are in use normal users on other exchanges will not experience blocking of incoming or outgoing calls Trunks from other local exchanges into the choke exchange are deliberately limited to just a few paths so callers will get an all trunks busy instead of completely blocking their local exchange However when one of the choke exchange users experiences a large number of calls as when your station runs a contest the other choke exchange users will be blocked because all trunks into the choke exchange will be busy In the modern network using CCIS signaling such as SS7 actual trunks are not used to c
79. service it will be to the demarc only and they ll usually provide a tag or cable and pair number so that you can locate the circuit in question Residential phones still usually have a demarc in the form of a usually gray box mounted to the side of the house It most often provides remote line disconnection facilities for remote testing by the phone company and a customer accessible modular jack to allow the customer to verify proper operation of the line at the side of the house before the house wiring DID Direct Inward Dialing The ability for an outside caller to dial to a PBX extension without going through an attendant or auto attendant See also DID Number and DID Trunk A6 Appendix 1 DID Extension or DID station A specific phone within a PBX which can be called from the public telephone network without going through an attendant or auto attendant DID Number A phone number used to route calls from the telephone network to a specific phone in a PBX the DID extension DID requires special DID trunks or ISDN PRI two way DID trunks Blocks of DID numbers typically 10 or 20 sometimes higher are purchased from the LEC or CLEC for use on the PBX The number of DID numbers usually substantially exceeds the number of trunks in the system DID Trunk A Direct Inward Dialing Trunk A trunk channel which can only receive calls A group of telephone numbers DID numbers are associated with a given trunk gro
80. sion of T1 framing between it and the CO SLC 96 and similar SLIC systems may or may not perform a concentration function The interface is the Bellcore TR 008 or the newer GR 303 interfaces that are specialized versions of T1 intended to allow transpar ent transport of analog CLASS features such as Caller ID Call Waiting etc The GR 303 interface is specifically intended to be used as a common point of interconnection between alternative equipment technologies and or networks i e voice over DSL voice over IP etc and the public switched network See the following link for additional information from Telcordia http www telcordia com resources genericreq gr303 index html SLIC 1 Subscriber Line Interface Circuit see Line Card SLIC 2 The equipment used with the AT amp T Lucent SLCC Subscriber Loop Carrier Circuit a system used to multiplex a number of subscriber loops onto a single circuit usually a T1 circuit to reduce fixed costs SLIC 3 Also sometimes used generically for other brands of similar equipment See also SLC 96 Smart Jack see NIU SS7 Signaling System 7 The internationally adopted Common Channel Interoffice Signaling CCIS system Previous to SS7 the Bell System used SS6 which did not support the Inter national Standards SS7 does It allows for substantially flexibility and power in dynamically routings calls An SS7 database lookup is how a call to a mobile telephone user can be handled tr
81. st to make your telephone audio warmer and clearer Our factory default settings should be considered a safe starting point Because tastes and situations differ we don t presume to make those choices for you Our testing does suggest that utilizing the full 6 db boost works well in most cases dramatically enhancing telephone audio We suggest that you set up your phones like you would any other audio processing device adjust and listen critically and repeat this process until youre satisfied Ducker Configuration settings SETTINGS Bits 5 and 6 control the overall operation of the Ducker processing function You can select between full duplex no ducking 6 dB 12 dB or half duplex one way at a time using the following bit settings SETTINGS Bit 5 Bit 6 Configuration Setting Value OFF OFF Full Duplex no attenutation OFF ON 6 dB attenuation Factory Default ON OFF 12 dB attenuation ON ON Half Duplex 26 Section 4 Receive AGC and Noise Gate Configuration settings SETTINGS Bits 7 and 8 jointly control the operation of the receive AGC and Noise Gate processing functions You can select how aggressively low level signals are brought up to the nominal 4 dBu level using the following bit settings SETTINGS Bit 7 Bit 8 Configuration Setting Value OFF OFF Phone AGC OFF Noise Gate OFF OFF ON Phone AGC 1 2 Full Noise Gate OFF ON OFF Phone AGC Full Noise Gate OFF Factory Default ON ON Phone AGC Full No
82. stems If Telos Systems authorizes the performance of warranty service the defective Product must be delivered shipping prepaid to Telos Systems 1241 Superior Avenue Cleveland Ohio 44114 Telos Systems at its option will either repair or replace the Product and such action shall be the full extent of Telos Systems obligation under this Warranty After the Product is repaired or replaced Telos Systems will return it to the party that sent the Product and Telos Systems will pay for the cost of shipping Telos Systems authorized dealers are not authorized to assume for Telos Systems any additional obligations or liabilities in connection with the dealers sale of the Products Telos Systems products are to be used with registered protective interface devices that satisfy regulatory requirements in their country of origin APPENDIX 1 TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A1 A 1 Telephone Terminology Guide You ll get better results from the Telco if you understand and speak the lingo We have tried to include the typical acronyms used by Telco personnel We ve put the definition under the most commonly used acronym Telephony Technology is changing rapidly This glossary was updated in September 2010 It will be outdated by the time the ink is dry The Telos website http www telos systems com is your best source of up to date informa tion about broadcast telephony The terms here are mainly related to Access Technologies and broa
83. ta services to subscribers using the local loop It is considered a local switch CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier Your local telephone service provider who is one of the new generation providers rather than a RBOC or Independent A CLEC is really just an independent albeit one formed after the divestiture of AT amp T See LEC and Independent CLI Calling Line Identity European term for CLID See CLID CLID Calling Line Identification This is the ISDN and SS7 equivalent of Caller ID LE the number of the calling party See also Caller ID and ANI CO Central Office The Telco facility to which your local telephone circuits lead Contains Switches and Trunks as well as the local telephone circuits Codec COder DECoder A device which takes digitized audio and codes it in order to reduce the transmission bit rate and which can also simultaneously decode such coded audio Strictly speaking a codec does not include an ISDN terminal adapter and related equipment Simple codecs are also used in digital telephony These use a simple companding scheme to reduce channel noise COL COnnected Line number European Term The number to which you have connected This may not be the number you dialed if call forwarding is used Combination Trunk A trunk channel which can both make and receive calls This generally refers to analog ground start or loop start trunks although the term can be applied to ISDN
84. ted that you avoid using the Hx on lines that carry DSL but if you must use one be sure to use a line splitter or DSL filter in series with the LINE jack on the Hx DSL lines have data carriers above the voice band of the circuit usually from 25 khz to 1004 khz DSL filters strip away the high frequency data car riers and pass on the 0 4 khz voice band and signaling Some filters are better than others and sometimes better results can be obtained by cascading several filters each rolling off more of the high frequency energy On a line with DSL you might hear more hiss and hash than with a normal line An analog phone set may be plugged into the PHONE jack The telephone can be used when the Hx is off You might want to disable the telephone s ringer if you are in a studio envi ronment The Hx has a line ringing open collector output that you can use to light lamps or strobes See Section 2 6 the remote connector The Hx has an auto answer function that you can enable See section 4 1 6 Section 2 2 2 Studio Audio Connections Mix Minus The Hx must be fed send to caller audio that is free of the caller audio a mix minus A mix minus is a mix of all of your audio sources that will be placed on air or recorded except the caller audio thus the mix minus designation The European term M 1 mix minus one is per haps a clearer term A mix minus is also sometimes referred
85. that certain customer related features Such as CLASS and Centrex features are inapplicable to trunks See also Trunk Side The user side of a PBX Also called the station side Line Termination See LT Local Access and Transport Area See LATA Local Exchange Carrier See LEC and CLEC Long Distance If your local US Telco is a former Bell Operating Company then any call outside of your LATA or any Interstate call is considered long distance and is handled by an IEC The above is true regardless of whether you are referring to a dedicated line or a dial up call However under the current state of deregulation toll calls within a LATA may now be covered by the IXC and in some cases RBOCs are being permitted to handle InterLATA calls These requirements are largely ignored at the time of this writing TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A11 Loop The telephone circuit from the CO to the customers premises Generally refers to a copper cable circuit Loop Current Disconnect Supervision Another name for CPC See CPC Loop Qualification Process of actually measuring the loss on a prospective ISDN line to see if it can be used for ISDN service The actual loss on the line usually measured at 40 kHz is the determining factor whether ISDN service can be offered without a repeater Generally ISDN or DSL is available up to 18 000 feet from the serving Central Office It may not be available within this range or may be available further from the
86. the AES I O module to the hybrid motherboard 7 Reinstall the top cover using the 10 Phillips screws 8 Plug the AC power cord back into the socket and wait for the unit to power up The hybrid unit will automatically detect the presence of the AES plug in module and directly trans mit and receive digital data at the clock rate of the AES source plugged into the SEND IN XLR input connector 9 You can use the built in diagnostic mode of the hybrid unit to confirm that the AES I O module is working properly Refer to Section 6 of the User s Manual for instructions on how to enter this mode of operation Test T2 is a loopback test that takes audio present AES I O OPTION 35 at the SEND IN XLR connector and loops it back to the RCV OUT XLR connector unprocessed The input signal and output signal levels are also displayed on the Front Panel SND and RCV LED bar graph meters 5 2 AES Channel Assignment The studio input signal should be on the LEFT AES channel feeding the SEND IN XLR connector The studio output signal is present on the LEFT AES channel on the RCV OUT XLR connector When the two hybrids are operating independently internal mix minus mode is disabled the separate studio input signals should be on the LEFT AES channel being fed into the respective SEND IN 1 and SEND IN 2 XLR connectors The studio output signals will be brought out separately on the LEFT AES channel on the respective RCV OUT 1 and RCV OUT 2
87. the Bell System calls going outside of this area must be handled by an Interexchange carrier IEC With the latest round of de regulation the usual IEC companies are being allowed to compete in the IntraLATA long distance market A10 Appendix 1 and LECs are beginning to be permitted to handle InterLATA calls LDN Listed Directory Number When a number of Telco channels share the same hunt group it is customary to give out only one phone number for the group although generally each channel will have its own number The number given out is the Listed Directory Number since that is the number that would be listed in the Telephone Directory and given to customers Sometimes called a Pilot Number See also DN and Hunt Group LE Local Exchange European term for Central Office See CO LEC Local Exchange Carrier Your local telephone service provider which is either an RBOC or an Independent In other words a traditional phone company In contrast to CLEC or IEC Line An electrical connection between a telephone service provider s switch LEC or CLEC and a telephone terminal or Key system An electrical connection between a telephone service provider s switch and another switch is technically called a trunk Note that some type of physi cal lines offer more than one channel I E a BRI circuit has 2 channels called B channels This term is a confusing one so we try to avoid using it See Channel See also Station Line Line ca
88. the sine wave at the XLR is 20 dBu and the output level should be displayed on the RCV meter bargraph See figure below The diagnostic test also takes the telephone line off hook and outputs a 7 dBm 400 Hz sine wave A telephone line or line simulator must be plugged into the LINE RJ11 jack to activate the telephone interface circuitry on the hybrid motherboard The 400 Hz tone will also be audible on the PHONE RJ11 jack but it will be heard mixed in with the telco s dial tone or re order tone 36 SND RCV 6 1 4T2 Test Studio Loopback Press the hybrid button to advance to the next diagnostic test The Line Status display should indicate T2 This test simply takes audio present on the SEND IN XLR connector and loops it back to the RCV OUT XLR connector without any processing The loopback test works with either analog or AES inputs This diagnostic test can be used to adjust the INPUT LEVEL pot located in the back of the hybrid chassis Connect a 4 dBu signal and adjust the INPUT LEVEL pot until the yellow LED segment illuminates See figure below TROUBLESHOOTING 39 90 SND RCV 6 1 5 T3 Test Feed Through Test Press the 0 button to advance to the next diagnostic test The Line Status display should indicate T3 This test takes audio present at the SEND IN XLR connector and feeds it to the LINE RJ11 connector without any processing Likewise whatever signal is being fed into the L
89. these do not have loop current or voltage present until the line has been grounded momentarily or is ringing 3 3 Metering Each hybrid has its own SND and RCV meters to simultaneously display the studio input audio level as well as the output level of the caller Set the input level pot so that Odbu on your console causes the Hx to display a yellow bar on the SND bargraph The meter displays audio before any processing The output meter indicates audio levels after all processing and EQ It s also useful for trouble shooting mix minus and other audio issues A yellow bar corresponds to 4dbu at the audio output The nominal output level is fixed at 4dbu Each hybrid also has a pair of EQ meters which show that amount of gain adjustment applied to the incoming caller audio in HI and LO frequency bands When the DDEQ feature is disabled via the Back Panel DIP switch settings nothing will appear on the EQ HI and EQ LO bar graphs OPERATION 19 3 4 Basic Operation You can use a telephone set to either dial an outgoing call or to talk to an incoming caller before they are switched to the hybrid When a call is ringing in the line status icon will display expanding concentric squares Push the EM button to answer it directly on the hybrid or use the telephone set to speak with the caller You can move the call from the telephone to the hybrid by pressing the J button The telephone set will be disconnected When a call is take
90. tion style consoles often used for TV audio will have multiple Aux send busses that can be used in a similar way to the small mixer example above Each hybrid is sent from an Aux bus and everything the caller needs to hear is mixed into that bus taking care to keep the hybrid itself off the bus Phones and Remotes When on remote to save money and hassle calls are usually received at the studio rather than at the remote site In this situation caller audio must be fed to the remote talent so that they can hear and respond to callers Moreover the callers need to hear the talent In many cases the remotes are sufficiently distant that talent cannot monitor the station for the caller feed Even if they could the profanity delay would be a problem since the talent needs to hear the callers pre delay All perceptual codecs such as the Telos Zephyr or X Stream or any IP codec have too much delay for talent at remote locations to hear themselves via a round trip loop Therefore another mix minus is required to feed a codec The talent hears callers via the codec return path As before you feed this return with mix minus a mix of everything on the program bus minus the remote audio As for the second half of the equation the callers hear the talent because the remote feed is added to the telephone mix minus bus This is no problem if you have a set up that permits selective assignment to the hybrid mix minus INSTALLATION 9 PGM M
91. to 16 dBu The inputs are designed to be sourced from balanced lines Usually shielded cables have the shield wire connected only on one end most often the input to prevent ground loops Older equipment with a transformer output stage may need a terminating resistor across pins 2 and 3 to maintain a proper flat frequency response consult the manual for your equipment for how to use it with high impedance inputs If you are connecting a device with an unbalanced output to your Hx connect the shield from the output of your device to pin 1 ground on the Hx input and the hot lead from your unbalanced output to pin 2 high on the Hx Depending on the device you might also want to try connecting pin 3 of the Hx input to ground or even floating the ground and using only the high and low pins on the Hx It s also important that unbalanced lines be kept short to avoid hum and noise pickup You ll probably need to adjust the input gain on the Hx to match the output of your device We also suggest that all of your audio equipment be powered from the same AC power source or circuit to prevent ground loops due to the use of multiple grounds For complete information and suggested wiring and grounding techniques for your studio or recording workstation please visit the support page at the Telos website http www telos systems com support 2 5 Output Audio Connection The output connection RCV OUT has the following characteristi
92. to as a clean feed The important thing to remember is that the hybrid must not chase its tail the condition when its output makes its way somehow back to the input Hot Tip Many hybrid installation problems are caused by an inadvertent signal path which creates a loop from the hybrid s output back to its own input Some consoles allow this when certain control combinations are selected by the user In some cases it may be as simple a mistake as assigning the hybrid to whichever bus is feeding the hybrid This is the first place to look when strange or erratic performance is experienced The quickest test is to bring up only the hybrid in question on the board and select a line Dial tone should not appear on the send meter of the hybrid in question Using a modern broadcast console s mix minus capability Most modern broadcast consoles have provision for multiple mix minus busses The best consoles allow selective feeds to the phone system This is useful since sometimes you want only one microphone feeding the phone but sometimes you want to three or four mics during the morning show for instance and sometimes you want to play some audio piece that callers need to hear and react to such as contest sound effects etc Some even provide for separate on air and off line recording telephone modes Making do with an older console Consoles made before around 1990 rarely had good support for mix minuses and
93. umber of phones or lines or sometimes the combination the system supports POT Plain Old Telephone A black rotary dial desk phone Usually a Western Electric model 500 set Outdated term POTS Plain Old Telephone Service Regular old fashioned analog loop start phone service PRI ISDN Primary Rate Interface A form of ISDN with 23 B Channels and one D channel All 24 channels are on a single cable Functionally related to T1 telephone circuits In Europe PRI has 30 B Channels and one D Channel and one Sync channel See also B channel and D channel Provisioning Ihe act of configuring a telecommunications service Also refers to the complete line configuration information RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company Most often called Local Exchange Carriers LEC s at the time of this writing See CLEC and LEC RCF Remote Call Forwarding a telephone company service that provides local virtual num bers from distant locations Customers are responsible for the cost of calls forwarded though he RCF number VoIP service providers can offer similar services a greatly reduced costs since the numbers are delivered via the Internet backhauled at no cost RD Receive Data Data coming from the network or DCE towards the DTE Also a light on a modem or CSU DSU that lights to indicate presence of this signal Red Alarm An alarm state on a T carrier circuit that indicates that the incoming signal
94. unt the number of il luminated LEDs in each bargraph for the respective version numbers In the figure below one segment is lit on the SND meter and two segments are lit on the RCV meter The software revision number shown in this figure is Version 1 2 3 SND RCV 6 1 2 DIP Switch Status Press the hybrid J button to advance to the next diagnostic test The Line Status display should indicate the letter Y The SETTINGS bank of DIP switches is displayed on the SND meter bargraph the OPTIONS bank of DIP switches is displayed on the RCV meter bargraph and the internal bank of DIP switches is displayed on the EQ LO meter bargraph For each bank of DIP switches the status of Bit 1 is shown on the bottom LED segment of the bargraph while the status of Bit 8 is shown on the top LED segment of the bargraph If the switch is set to the ON position the corresponding LED segment will light up The figure below shows the Factory Default DIP switch settings All the bits of the internal DIP switch 38 Section 6 bank are set to the OFF position for Factor Default setting thus no LEDs are lit on the EQ_ LO meter 36 SND RCV 6 1 3 T1 Test 400 Hz Tone Generation Press the hybrid GJ button to advance to the next diagnostic test The Line Status display should indicate T1 The DSP chip on the motherboard generates a 400 sine wave that is sent to the RCV OUT XLR connector for each hybrid The output level of
95. up however there is no one to one correspondence between the individual channels and these numbers The PBX uses the DID number given it by the phone company to route the channel to the correct DID extension within the PBX This allows some or all PBX stations to receive calls directly without going through an attendant or auto attendant Note that there are usually more DID numbers than there are DID trunks See DID number and DID extension Direct Inward Dialing See DID Directory Number USA amp Canada Your seven digit telephone number without the area code as found in the telephone directory DMS 100 Nortel s very popular central office switch provides local POTS service and con nectivity to the public switched telephone network It is used widely in countries throughout the world DNIS Dialed Number Identification Service A service typically offered by a long distance company on 800 lines that provides the number dialed by the caller This allows a caller to receive specific treatment depending on the number dialed DP Dial Pulse A method of sending address information by either 1 Causing brief inter ruptions in loop current or 2 Causing brief changes of state of a bit on a digital circuit using Channel Associated Signaling In other words rotary or pulse dialing See also DTMF and CAS Dry Loop or Dry Pair DSL DSL service offered without a POTS line to carry it These circuits often
96. y pattern But the order of hunting will usually be fixed beginning with one channel and working through hunting until an unused channel is found The term may have originated back in the old manual switchboard days when the operator literally hunted for an unused jack to plug a cord into This arrangement is very common in business scenarios where a single incoming number the Listed Directory Number is given to the public but multiple incoming channels are supported See also LDN Hybrid A device which converts from a two wire signal such as POTS lines or a 2 wire intercom to a four wire system separate send and receive paths such as used in the pro audio world While this task is theoretically quite simple the fact the impedance of most phone lines varies widely across frequency complicates matters The Telos 10 telephone system was the first practical DSP based hybrid and applied the then brand new technology to this problem IEC 1 Inter exchange Carrier Long Distance carrier Handles Interlata and interstate calls Most often referred to as IXC IEC 2 International Electrotechnical Committee A European standards body best known for the power plug now used throughout the world for AC power cords for use on office equipment and computers TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A9 ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier A local Exchange Carrier which entered the marketplace before the enactment of the 1996 Telecom act
97. y a BLEC as a service or incentive to potential tenants If a BLEC offers Long Distance Service it is covered by the same regulations as any other LEC Blue Alarm Also called an Alarm Indicating Signal AIS A keep alive signal sent if a problem occurs mid span in a T carrier system The blue alarm signal is required because in some cases T 1 repeaters will become unstable if inadequate 1 s density is not maintained BOC Bell Operating Company One of the regional telephone companies that were owned by AT amp T before divestiture in 1984 i e New England Telephone Ohio Bell etc The 22 BOCs were divided among the RBOCs at divestiture See RBOC Both Way Trunks see combination trunks BTN See Billing Telephone Number Business Office The part of the phone company where you call if they mess up your bill to report problems and to order service Not necessarily technically literate Caller ID A CLASS feature on an analog line that provides the number of the calling line as a burst of FSK data Bell 202 modem tones following the first ring Also called Calling Line Identification See also CLASS TELEPHONE TERMINOLOGY GUIDE A3 Calling Line ID See CLID See also Caller ID Calling Party Control See CPC Call Progress Tones Tones used in the telephone network to indicate call status or progress through the network This includes dial tone ring back tone re order or fast busy tone Special Information Tones SIT s

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