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Requisite Audio Engineering L2M MkII Mastering

1. 4 pin 310VDC CABLE 2ea has a seperate cable for each channel labeled B 1 amp B 2 Each four pin connector receives B 310 Volts DC from the outboard power supply Pins 1 amp 2 Audio Ground Pins 3 amp 4 310VDC 5 70VDC METER DRIVER 8VAC METER LAMPS CABLE tea delivers 70VDC Meter Driver and 8VAC Meter Lamps from the outboard power supply Pins 1 amp 2 70VDC Pin 3 Pins 4 amp 5 8VAC Requisite Audio Engineering tele 1 818 837 9864 www requisiteAudio com 26 FRONT PANEL P p ud a Q 10dB 12 10 1 I J ete m 2 STEREO vs a ADJUST D 6 d I E LINK 1 amp 2 e 55 EN 7 UNITY D 4 ye r e q U 5 l t e OUTPUT PEAK LIMITER AUDIO ENGINEERING Q LEVEL REDUCTION RESPONSE IN 10dB 12 E 12 GR 42 0 3 14 14 119000001 102 0006 100090 1 H e SEPERATE UNITY e STEREO 2 4 20 e 2 e e e 4 ADJUST N BYPASS m cM 2 BN o0 09 1 IN BYPASS 2 each This switch is a true bypass making a straight connection from input to output 2 OUTPUT LEVEL 2 each OUTPUT LEVEL should be set to UNITY as an initial setting Once the desired amount of PEAK REDUCTION has been set readjust OUTPUT LEVEL to make up for loss of level due to gain reduction Precision adjustment is in 1 2dB steps 3 10dB UNITY 2 each The range of the OUTPUT LEVEL 2 can be increased by 10dB when used in conjunction with
2. PEAK RED EXP showing on the RED EXP meter and increse the OUTPUT LEVEL by that same amount and repeat step 5 a 2 requisite AUDIOENGINEERING FINAL TEST Model L2 Seral No Attenuator Tracking Date Technician Haie wih VUAd IGRAd CR Tracking Max Output Power dde 2 Maximum Gain OdB 1K 80 kHz Total ae aen I00kHz 4cB 1K WARRANTY For a period of 5 years after original purchase Requisite Audio will free of charge repair this product if it fails due to defective materials or workmanship This limited warranty is subject to the following limitations 1 Units that are discovered to have been opened or tampered with will not be covered by this warranty We strongly discourage opening the chassis due to the risk of severe electrical shock 2 Defects that are in the sole judgement of Requisite Audio the result of accident misuse abuse neglect mishandling misapplication faulty installation unauthorized repair modification or act of God will not be covered by this warranty 3 In the absence of the return of the warranty registration form page 15 of this manual within 30 days of the date of original purchase this warranty is valid for 5 years from date of manufacture as determined from the units serial number and the records of Requisite Audio 4 There are no expressed warranties except as listed above 5 Tubes and light bulbs are no
3. amp INPUT 2 9 Set the frequency of the oscillator to roughly 1kHz and adjust the output level of the oscillator until the L2M VU meters read OdB 10 Now set VU GR meter select switch to GR up position both channels In the up position the meters will indicate the amount of gain reduction that is occuring 11 Since for the last 5 minutes the PEAK REDUCTION controls have been set to their fully counterclock wise position the opto elements have had time to come to a complete rest and the meters should be sitting at OdB indicating there is no gain reduction occuring If the meters are not setting at OdB verify that steps 2 amp 10 have been correctly followed If so and the meters are slightly off from OdB use a small trimmer screwdriver to adjust the small GR ADJ trimmers just to the left of the VU meters until the meters set at OdB When adjusting the trimmers be careful not to use too much inward pressure 12 With the oscillator still adjust the PEAK REDUCTION control of each channel until 5dB is indicated on the meters meter select must be in the up position on both channels L2M STEREO CALIBRATION 13 We now want to confirm that the STEREO ADJUST trimmers are adjusted to give maximum gain reduction from the PEAK REDUCTION control setting Using a trimmer screw driver adjust each of the STEREO ADJUST trimmers until the corrosponding meter shows the highest amount of
4. IN THE FOLLOWING WAY 1 Find the portion of program material with the highest peaks and create a 5 to 10 second loop 2 With the LINK 1 amp 2 SEPERATE switch set to SEPERATE play the loop and adjust each PEAK REDUCTION control to the desired and equal amount of gain reduction as it appears on the GR meters Don t worry if the PEAK REDUCTION controls themselves are not at the same setting 3 Now set the LINK 1 amp 2 SEPERATE switch to LINK 1 amp 2 A Notice if one channel is showing more gain reduction than the other If so adjust the corrosponding STEREO ADJUST trimmer of the HOT channel DOWN until the two channels read the same ANOTHER TIP once all of the above has been done 1 Turn the LIMITER RESPONSE controls fully clockwise 2 Go to the loudest part of the program material and adjust for the maximum amount amount of gain reduction desired 3 Note the amount of gain reduction showing on the VU meter A If the amount happens to be 5dB set the OUTPUT LEVEL control for 54 if it s 8dB set the OUTPUT LEVEL to 8dB In other words whatever the negative number on the meter happens to be set the OUTPUT LEVEL to the corrosponding positive number 5 Now to the quietest part of the program material and toggle between BYPASS and IN This will allow you to hear the amout of level increse you are getting from the L2M 6 If the program needs to be louder still increse the
5. gain reduction possible At this time do not move the PEAK REDUCTION controls you previously set to 5dB To allow for fine adjustment the trimmers are 20 turn pots Once set to their maximum position turning them up will have no effect in increasing gain reduction Adjusting the trimmers in the opposit direction will cause the meters to begin to move back towards OdB The idea is to set the STEREO ADJUST trimmers for maximun gain reduc tion If the meters begin to move down towards OdB STOP You want to turn them back up until the meters give a maximum reading Once you get a feel for it you can adjust slightly up and slightly down in order to zero in on the maximum setting 14 Now that both STEREO ADJUST trimmers have been adjusted to their maximum setting you may need to adjust one or both PEAK REDUCTION controls to get the gain reduction back to 5dB on the meter 15 Set the LINK 1 amp 2 SEPERATE switch on the front panel to the LINK 1 amp 2 up position Turn the PEAK REDUCTION control of channel 2 counter clockwise and adjust the PEAK REDUCTION of channel 1 until one of the channels reaches 7dB 16 Adjust the STEREO ADJUST trimmer of the channel that shows the most gain reduction down until both chan nels show equal gain reduction Gain reduction will now occur equally on both channels TO GET BEST RESULTS ONCE THE PREVIOUS STEPS HAVE BEEN TAKEN YOU CAN DO PROGRAM SPECIFIC CALIBRATION
6. the 10dB UNITY switch 3 In the 10dB position up the dB numbers on the OUTPUT LEVEL control increase by 10dB In other words 1dB becomes 1 1dB 2dB becomes 12dB etc This allows the L2M to offer 1 2dB increment settings of the OUTPUT LEVEL control and take advantage of the large amount of make up gain available CAUTION It is recommended that the control room monitors be turned down before activating the 10dB switch due to the tremendous increase in volume 4 PEAK REDUCTION 2 each Set fully counter clockwise the L2M exibits no gain reduction and acts as a line amplifier Turning this control clockwise will initiate and gradually increase gain reduction PEAK REDUCTION should be set for the desired amount of gain reduction as indicated on the VU meter while in the GR GAIN REDUCTION mode 7 A reading of AdB to 8dB during the highest peaks of the program material is a general range to work within however you are encourged to experiment it is not unusual to see peak reduction levels of 10dB or more with the L2M When used with the RESPONSE CURVE additional PEAK REDUCTION may need to be applied to offset the reduction in limiting action that occurs as you increase the setting of the RESPONSE CURVE 5 RATIO 10 1 3 1 2 each The purpose of this switch is to allow selection of either compressor 3 1 or limiter 10 1 action Compression 3 1 occurs from the breakaway point 30dB input In the 10 1 position the L2M o
7. 9 o9 o FO LANE PIN3 LO 818 247 2047 818 247 4498 2 OUTPUT CH 2 INPUT www RequisiteAudio com AUDIO CONNECTIONS 8 AUDIO INPUTS channel 1 top row channel 2 bottom row Transformer balanced input accepts line level signals Pin configuration is as follows PIN 1 ground PIN 2 positive going phase hot PIN 3 negative going phase cold 9 AUDIO OUTPUTS channel 1 top row channel 2 bottom row Transformer balanced 4 dB output which will easily drive loads down to 600 ohms Pin configuration is as follows PIN 1 ground PIN 2 positive going phase hot PIN 3 negative going phase cold NOTE Should unbalanced operation be required input or output strap together PINS 1 amp 3 at the unbalanced connector and run PIN 2 as the TIP or positive connector 10 CHANNEL LINK top and center These 1 4 jacks are for interconnection between multiple L2M limiters which are required for multi channel operation Be sure to use shielded guitar cables 1 4 to 1 4 short as possible for interconnection The front panel LINK 1 amp 2 SEPERATE switch is connected to these jacks and must be in the up position for LINK to occur POWER CONNECTIONS 11 POWER SUPPLY INPUTS 310VDC B VOLTAGE 2 EACH top and center Each four pin connector receives the B 310 Volts DC fr
8. USER S MANUAL Mastering Optical Limiter Leveling Amplifier e 1048 Toa 10 1 12 gt 950 9 6 2 6 9 L HI E 9 L2M MkII Mastering Limiter and OPS 2 Outboard Power Supply 5 requisite AUDIO ENGINEERING TEL 818 837 9864 www requisiteAudio com 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION IMPORTANT SHIPPING NOTICE GENERAL NOTES MAINS CONNECTIONS OUTBOARD POWER SUPPLY FRONT PANEL CONTROLS FRONT PANEL CONTROLS continued REAR PANEL TUBE amp ATTENUATOR CHART UNITY LEVEL ADJUST GAIN REDUCTION METER TRACKING ADJUST REAR PANEL continued AUDIO CONNECTIONS POWER CONNECTIONS STEREO CALIBRATION STEREO CALIBRATION continued FINAL TEST RESULTS QUALITY CONTROL CHECK LIST WARRANTY 5 YEAR WARRANTY REGISTRATION please complete and return to Requisite Audio INTRODUCTION THANK YOU for purchasing the L2M MkII Mastering Limiter by Requisite Audio The L2M MkIl is the second generation of our L2M Mastering Limiter Expander first introduced in 2000 We classify the L2M MkII as a mastering limiter because it was designed with the specialized requirements of the mastering engineer in mind Features such as an outboard power supply 5dB 24 step attenuator Limiter Response control point to point wiring multiple calibration points and multi channel linking all contribute to its effectiveness in the demanding application of
9. e follower output driver 3 TAC OPTICAL ATTENUATOR 4 12AX7LPS NO AUDIO Voltage amplifier for gain reduction function 5 6AQ5A NO AUDIO Electro luminescent driver REPLACEMENT SPARE TUBES and OPTICAL ATTENUATORS Requisite Audio is your best source for low noise tubes and attenuators All tubes and attenuators are factory selected after careful testing in an actual L2M circuit To order please contact Requisite Audio at 818 247 2047 phone UNITY LEVEL ADJUST 6 UNITY ADJ The level of UNITY and BYPASS should be the same When tube replacement becomes necessary or as the electronics and tubes age some drift in the unity level will occur this is normal To verify and or adjust UNITY to be equal to the level of BYPASS do the following A connect an external meter console or tape recorder will do to the AUDIO OUTPUT of channel 1 B Put the IN BYPASS switch in the BYPASS down position C Set PEAK REDUCTION amp LIMITER RESPONSE fully counter clockwise off D Set OUTPUT LEVEL to UNITY amp 10dB UNITY to UNITY E Connect the output of an oscillator to the AUDIO INPUT of channel 1 and set the frequency to roughly 1kHz at a level close to the average of the program material to be processed F Toggle the IN BYPASS switch between the IN up position and BYPASS down position If there is a difference in the level as observed on the external meter between the IN mode and the BYPASS mode simply adjust the UNITY ADJ trimmer u
10. g in dB The meter is calibrated to read 100 or OdB during periods of no gain reduction using the trimmer 9 just to the right of the switch When the selector switch is placed in the VU down position the meter will indicate the balanced output level post gain reduction in dB The meter is factory calibrated so that OdB equals 10dB Should different readings be required the VU trimmer 8 just to the right of the GR VUswitch can be user adjusted to indicate levels from OdB equals 10dB to as high as equals 20 8 VU ADJ 2 each The VU ADJ trimmer has two functions 1 to allow adjustment of the VU meter 2 to alter the level range of the VU meter i e OdB 4dB OdB 10dB Be sure to place the GR VU switch 7 in the VU down position when adjusting this trimmer 9 GR ADJ 2 each GR ADJ trimmer is used to calibrate the meter while in the GR Gain Reduction mode When the GR VU Meter Mode Selector 7 is placed in the GR up position the meter should read 100 or OdB during periods of no gain reduction Before determining that adjustments are necessary be sure to allow 30 minutes of system warm up time and at least 5 minutes rest from any peak reduction activity Also be sure the Meter Mode Selector is in the GR up position 10 METER 2 each The two meters are multi functioning indicating output level in VU Volume Units or GR Gain Reduction Output level and gain reduction functions a
11. mastering Furthermore the L2M is equally at home in tracking and mixing situtations The L2M is an optical limiter based on classic designs of the early 605 how ever the L2M is the beneficiary of many significant improvments and represents what a truly modern optical limiter can be Among the more notable performance features of the L2M MKII are it s sonic excellence versatility and stable frequency response while limiting program mate rial Corrective EQ following the L2M is simply not required as with most limiters Your work stays intact just as you need it to While providing unobtrusive compres sion limiting action there is no loss of high end or undulating bottom even in the heaviest of limiting situations The L2M is currently used in some of the finest mastering and recording studios throughout the U S Europe and Canada and has been the primary dynamics pro cessor on many major releases Please take a few moments to read this manual carefully as it contains informa tion essential to the proper operation of the unit We welcome your comments and encourage you to fill out and return the warranty registration found on page 15 of this manual Thank you again and please enjoy Danny McKinney Requisite Audio IMPORTANT SHIPPING NOTICE Your shipment has been carefully inspected checked and packaged at our company before being turned over to our carrier We fully expect your L2M MkII to arrive in your hands with
12. ntil the IN level matches the BYPASS level Repeat the above for channel 2 GAIN REDUCTION METER TRACKING ADJUST 7 GR TRACKING This trimmer is used to adjust the GAIN REDUCTION indicated on the meter when GR mode to match the amount of GAIN REDUCTION that is actually occuring in the audio Should the optical attenuator ever require replacement or as the electronics age the tracking of the GAIN REDUCTION METER will need to be adjusted to match the audio To verify and or adjust the tracking do the following A connect an external VU meter console or tape recorder will do to the AUDIO OUTPUT of channel 1 B Set the IN BYPASS switch to the up position C Set PEAK REDUCTION amp LIMITER RESPONSE fully counter clockwise off D Be sure the GR meter GR VU switch in up position on the L2M is showing OdB 100 If not adjust according to steps 7 8 amp 9 on page 8 of this manual E Set OUTPUT LEVEL to UNITY amp 10dB UNITY switch to UNITY F Connect the output of an oscillator to the AUDIO INPUT of channel 1 and set the frequency to roughly 1kHz and set the level of the oscillator to where the external VU meter reads OdB 100 G Adjust the PEAK REDUCTION control turn clockwise until the external VU meter drops from OdB to 5dB H Note if the reading of the GR meter on the L2M agrees with the reading of the external VU meter If not adjust GR TRACKING trimmer 7 until its reading is equal to the external meter
13. om the outboard power supply included with the L2M Pins 1 amp 2 Audio Ground Pins 3 amp 4 B DC Voltage 12 POWER SUPPLY INPUTS 6 3VAC HEATER 1 EACH bottom Three pin connector accepts standard 6 3 Volts AC from the outboard power supply included with the L2M Pin 1 chassis ground Pins 2 amp 3 AC Volts 13 POWER SUPPLY INPUTS 70VDC METER DRIVER 8VAC METER LAMPS 1 EACH bottom Five pin connector accepts 7OVDC Meter Driver and 8VAC Meter Lamps voltage from the outboard power supply included with the L2M MKII Pin 1 ZOVDC Pin 2 7OVDC Pin 3 no connection Pins 4 8VAC Pin5 8VAC 10 L2M STEREO CALIBRATION CALIBRATION FOR STEREO USE 1 Set LINK 1 amp 2 SEPERATE switch to the SEPERATE down position 2 Set PEAK REDUCTION control fully counter clockwise 0 both channels Wait 5 minutes to allow the optical element to come to a complete rest For best results 30 minutes warm up time is suggested 3 Set IN BYPASS switch to IN up position both channels A Set 10dB UNITY switch to UNITY down position both channels 5 Set 10 1 3 1 switch to 10 1 up posistion both channels 6 Set VU GR meter select switch to VU down position both channels In this position the meters read the amout of audio that is present at the output of the L2M 7 Adjust OUTPUT LEVEL controls to UNITY both channels 8 Connect the output of an oscillator to INPUT 1
14. oten tial difference exists between the AC conduit ground and the grounded metal enclosure in whic the chassis is installed If hum is experienced one may check for the possibility of ground loops by using a 3 prong to 2 prong AC adapter between the power cord and the mains Supply ungrounding the plug temporarily This ungrounds the Model L2M and may cure the hum or buzz but is not a substitute for proper system grounding A SAFETY HAZARD CAN EXIST BE AWARE THAT UNLESS THE MODEL L2M IS AC GROUNDED A SAFETY HAZARD CAN EXIST REQUISITE AUDIO ACCEPTS NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR LEGAL ACTIONS OR FOR DIRECT DAMAGE THAT MAY RESULT FROM VIOLATION OF ANY DO NOT RUN THIS UNIT WITHOUT PROPER GROUNDING MAINS VOLTAGE Your Model L2M was shipped from the factory ready for operation with nominal 117 VAC or 230 VAC power mains depending on destination country mains Voltage select is available on the OPS 2 Be sure to check it s setting before operating the FUSE SELECTION 250 volts 1 5 amp fast blow OUTBOARD POWER SUPPLY An outboard power supply OPS 2 is provided with each L2M MkII It s connection is via four cables with either a 3 pin 1ea 4 pin 2ea or 5 pin 1ea connector to prevent accidential connection of incorrect voltages Please observe direction of guide pins when connecting 3 pin 6 3VAC HEATER CABLE 1ea delivers standard 6 3 VAC from the outboard power supply Pin 1 chassis ground Pins 2 amp 3 6
15. out having been harmed However at the point at which you do receive the product it becomes your property Therefore it is important that you carefully inspect and record any damages and report them to the transportation company within five days of the original shipment Here s what to do if the shipment has been damaged Leave the product its packing materials and box as is Notify the carrier s local office and request an immediate inspection of the shipment After said inspection has been made and you have received written notification thereof please contact your authorized Requisite dealer or our shop at 1 818 247 2047 for a return authorization number We will repair or replace any damaged merchandise as necessary Remember it is your responsibility to follow the above procedures Otherwise the carrier will not honor your damage claim If you have any questions regarding this notice or the shipment itself please notify us immediately Thank you Requisite Audio Eng 818 837 9864 Requisite Audio Engineering tele 1 818 837 9864 www requisiteAudio com Ae GENERAL NOTES UNPACKING AND INSPECTION REQUISITE AUDIO recommends careful examination of the shipping carton and it s contents for any sign of physical damage which could have occured in transit If damage is evident do not destroy any of the packing material or the carton and immediately noti fy the carrier of a possible claim for damage Shipping claims m
16. perates as a compressor until it reaches the 20dB point then rolls over into limiting action Thus combining the characteristics of a compressor and a limiter in the 10 1 mode 6 RESPONSE CURVE 2 each With RESPONSE CURVE set fully counter clockwise the L2M will provide equal compression limiting at all frequencies by responding to the entire spectrum of the program material When RESPONSE CURVE is set fully clockwise frequencies below 1k gradually require more energy to initiate gain reduction At frequencies of 100Hz and below it takes 1OdB more level to initiate gain reduction with the RESPONSE CURVE set at its highest position This arrangement is ideal for program material especially material with a great deal of bass engery and or broad dynamics 7 FRONT PANEL continued 222 i 42 10dB 12 10 1 GR Q ee Hy eee pese 14 GR STEREO Je ah e CO 016 Vs ADJ ADJUST D 4 a E vu 4 e 20 i LINK 1 amp 2 e 4 ADJ BYPASS UNITY 2 vU requisi e Q OUTPUT PEAK LIMITER AUDIO ENGINEERING Xe PED CTO RE SiP GAGE S 10dB POLL K P D 6 4 ws rel T E STEREO 920 C e E ADJUST BYPASS UNITY 3 1 T 7 GR VU Meter Mode Selector 2 each When the GR VU selector switch is placed GR up position the meter will indicate the amount of gain reduction and or peak limitin
17. re accessed by switch 7 and can be calibrated using trimmers 8 and 9 11 STEREO ADJUST 2 each In order to achieve proper stereo or multi channel imaging the gain reduction action of each channel should be adjusted to be equal STEREO CALIBRATION can be found on page 11 amp 12 of this manual Please read the calibration proceedure very carefully and be sure you have a thorough understanding before attempting calibration The L2M is fully calibrated for stereo operation before leaving our shop 12 LINK 1 amp 2 SEPERATE 1 each When operating in stereo or multi channel mode it is necessary to LINK the limiting action of each channel to insure stability of image The front panel LINK 1 amp 2 SEPERATE switch is used for linked operation and is tied to the 1 4 LINK jacks found on the real panel for interconnection of additional L2M units necessary for 5 1 or greater formats REAR PANEL TUBE amp SEN CHART 6AQ5A 12AX7 6414 12AX7 ID NUMBER OUTPUT CH 1 INPUT Bs Chit C O C AUDIO requisite Hi AUDIO ENGINEERING PIN 3LO o T C O 2 O AUDIO LOM waa C C HEATERS 818 247 2047 818 247 4498 CH 20UTPUT cH2INPUT www RequisiteAudio com 6AQ5A 12AX7 Tac 6414 12AX7 1 12AX7LPS AUDIO voltage amplifier Should this tube become noisy swap it with the other 12AX7LPS 4 if you are in a pinch since no audio goes through tube 4 2 6414 AUDIO cathod
18. t covered by this warranty but receive a 90 day warranty 6 REQUISITE AUDIO SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR PROPERTY DAMAGE OR ANY OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGE WHATSOEVER WHICH MAY RESULT FROM THE FAILURE OF THIS PRODUCT OR ARISING OUT OF THE BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY Any and all warranties of merchantability and fitness implied by law are limited to the duration of the expressed warranty All warranties apply only to Requisite Audio products purchased and used in the United States If a problem developes with this product DO NOT OPEN THE UNIT or attempt repairing it yourself Opening this unit invalidates your warranty and will expose you to risk of very severe electrical shock REFER ALL REPAIR TO REQUISITE AUDIO Do not return the unit without authorization and instructions from us Units must be shipped PRE PAID both directions REQUISITE AUDIO cannot be responsible for damage due to shipping or improper packaging Save the original packaging This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state 14 WARRANTY REGISTRATION Please fill out this Warranty Registration form and return it to Requisite Audio MODEL L2M MkII Mastering Limiter Serial PurchaseDate Supplier__ May we post your comments our website Yes No
19. ust be made by the consignee This shipment should include Model L2M MkII Mastering Limiter Model OPS 2 Power Supply L2M MkII User s Manual this book A C Cable SERVICING The user should not attempt fo service this unit beyond that described in this manual Refer all servic ing other than tube and opto replacement to REQUISITE AUDIO ENGINEERING Internal voltage can exceed 350 VOLTS D C ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS This and all electronic equipment require adequate ventilation and a dry enviroment for safe opera tion and long component life If proper ventilation from behind the unit is provided the L2M will only require 3 rack spaces for mounting Do not allow the unit to become overheated Also while circuitry susceptible to hum pick up is sufficiently shielded from moderate electromagnetic fields installation should be planned to avoid mounting the system adjacent to power transformers motors elc WARNING DO NOT OPEN THE CABINET RISK OF SEVERE ELECTRICAL SHOCK REFER SERVICE TO REQUISITE AUDIO ENGINEERING Requisite Audio Engineering tele 1 818 837 9864 www requisiteAudio com 5 MAINS CONNECTIONS GROUNDING To comply with most Electrical Codes the L2M Mastering Limiter is supplied with a three wire IEC style connector the grounding pin of which is connected to the chassis In some installations this may create ground loop problems Ground loops can result in hum and buzz if a significant p

Requisite Audio Engineering L2M MkII Mastering

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