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KMK 8 - SebaKMT

1. nenn 1600 m 8 For non loaded cable nenn 3200 m 9 FOr alleablesa nmn ragen 6400 m 102E0r all Gables x Are er oe eee ee 16000 m Ts Foral Cables acs cesciecevessieea dec ac a anaiai REAR I Ria 32000 m Maximum range depends on cable type and condition Evaluation of results With Cursor and Marker uuuueennnnsnnnennnneennnnnnnnnnnnnneennnn In meters Changing of waveform usssenssnennsnnennnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnn 4 pro sec ZOOM G23 235 ac ebsites cee iit es aS Maximum 16 Accuracy Fault lOCation snk await ern 0 2 of range Resolution 2 2 u euere 0 01m Propagation velocity For non loaded cables N ne E E Re ee 45 to 149 m us D een see eh on eeteeyi cee ett eaten acs othe ate oe 30 to 99 For loaded cables Vie een Mec dad rele el alec ee 1 2 to 30 m us VOP ee en ee ote Sone ote ale 0 8 to 20 18 5 sebak mr Measuring modes L1 L2 Test of single pair L1 LONG TIME Location of intermittent faults L2 LONG TIME XTALK Transmit on L2 Receiving on L1 L1 amp L2 Comparison of two pairs L1 L2 L1 amp MEMORY Comparison to memory L1 MEMORY Pulse characteristics Widths For non loaded cables 4 6 10 30 60 100 300 600 ns 1 3 6 us For loaded Cables 2 2 330 us Amplitude peak to peak 1 3 to 12V into 120 Q The pulse amplitude automatically changes with gain and width Line connections uuuuesnnnnenesnnnnnnnnn
2. eeeseeeeeeeneeeeeeeee 5 6 5 3 Capacitance Measurement ccccceseeeeeeeeeeseeeeeteeeeeeeeeeaeess 5 8 5 3 1 Capacitance Measurement 2 WIRE 5 9 5 3 2 Capacitance Measurement 2 WIRE amp GND 5 10 5 3 3 Capacitive Balance Measurement cccccecesseeeeeenteeeeeees 5 12 5 4 DC Fault Location with MURRAY Method e 5 13 5 5 DC Fault Location with K pfm ller Method 5 15 5 6 DC Fault Location with 3 Point Method een 5 18 sebakmr 12 13 DC Fault Location with repeated KUPFMULLER method 5 20 AC Fault Location with Interruption Measurement 5 23 AC Fault Location with repeated KUPFMULLER method 5 24 PASSIVE BRIDGE niia se ie 6 1 Principles of Operation 20u4240044n0nnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 6 1 Loop Resistance Measurement u ssnssensnnnnennennnnnnnnennnnnn 6 2 Insulation Resistance Measurement uusssssnenennsnnnenne nen 6 3 Resistance Difference Measurement 2ussrs nennen 6 5 DC Fault Location with MURRAY Method 6 7 DC Fault Location with 3 Point Method een 6 10 DC Fault Location with K pfm ller Method 6 14 AC Fault Location with K pfm ller Method 6 18 Capacitive Balance Measurement ccccceceeeseeeeeteeeeneees 6 22 END TO END SYNCHRONO
3. 118305622 Temperature probe KTS 8 PT 1000 0 eee 118305623 Car battery adapter eecccecceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeseneeteneeeteatens 118305659 Calibration report ccceeecceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeseeeeeeeeeneaeees 118305624 Mains adapter UK version 118305657 Mains adapter US Version cccceeceeeseeeeeneeteteeeeeeees 118305658 19 1
4. 2 WIRE amp GND CAPACITIVE BALANCE DC FAULT LOCATION MURRAY METHOD 3 POINT METHOD KUPFHULLER METHOD REPEATED EKUPFMULLER AC FAULT LOCATION INTERRUPTION REPEATED EUPF MULLER 5 1 Interference Voltage Measurement AC and DC KMK 8 has a measuring module with balanced input to measure AC and DC voltages at the same time Measuring range is 1 to 300 V DC and 1 to 200 V AC input impedance 2 MOhm IMPORTANT NOTE During that measurement the PC connection must be removed High voltages on the line may destroy the instrument or the PC Mode selection e Select the AC DC MEASUREMENT mode and press ENTER Input selection e Pressing the Vab F3 VaE F4 or VbE F5 key KMK 8 measures the AC DC voltages continuously between the selected two inputs e The measuring range can be changed with the SCALE F2 key e Pressing AUTO F6 KMK8 performs all the AC DC voltage measurements after each other In auto mode the results can be saved with key SAVE F1 The measurement can be restarted with key START STOP sebakmr 5 2 Resistance Measurements The active bridge of KMK 8 provides four resistance measuring modes e 2WIRE 2 WIRE amp GND RESISTANCE DIFFERENCE INSULATION RESISTANCE Before resistance measurement the instrument measures the AC and DC interference voltages The results are displayed only when high interference voltages may cause the impairment of measurement accuracy The resistance measurement is automatica
5. 16 1 Riso k VbE 6 9 z an Ya E1 18 9 Fari 41k AC Yab Vb E1 Fpei 0 10 VaE Ya E2 18 9V Far2 41kQ YbE Vb E2 Foe2 0 10 Notices To perform that PAIR CONDITION survey the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 or KMK 80S is definitely necessary AUTO mode is set as default in PAIR CONDITION measurement AUTO mode means KMK 8 performs the measurement in Sensitive mode If the input amplifier becomes overloaded the process is repeated in Protected mode If the effect of disturbers is so strong that the amplifier is overloaded even in protected mode as well a warning appears The Active Bridge is overloaded please use the Passive Bridge 8 1 sebakmr By means of PAIR CONDITION survey the technicians can get useful information about the condition of the tested pairs 1 As a first step the shunt resistances FaE1 and FbE1 are measured A cascaded DC source is displayed if the shunt resistor interconnects the tested wire with an active neighbor wire and therefore a disturbing voltage of gt 5V appears 5V is negligible beside the 100 V measuring voltage of KMK 8 These results inform the technician about the magnitude of shunt resistors and disturbing DC voltages 2 Indication of disturbing DC and AC voltages gt 1 V The indicated DC voltage can be lower than the disturbing voltage if the shunt resistance is not much smaller than the input resistance of DMM 3 The measurement of physical capacitance
6. 3 2 Gallbration ranenieetickeetsricheennelkienler ine 3 6 3 3 Storage and Recall of Measuring Results ee 3 8 3 4 Provided Special Actions after Measurements 3 9 4 TDR MEASUREMENTS unssussnennnsnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 4 1 4 1 Principles of Operation 224044440nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 4 1 4 2 Settings before Measuremernt rssnnnnennneennnnennnnennnenn 4 3 4 3 Testota Single Paik Seegen asita eE 4 6 4 4 Waveform Evaluation uuusrsssnnnsnnnnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnannn nn 4 7 4 5 Location of Cross Talk Points ccccceseeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeseneeteaees 4 8 4 6 Comparison of Two Pairs ccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseneeeeeeeseneeteaees 4 8 4 7 Comparison to Stored ReSult c cccsceeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeseneeeeees 4 9 4 8 Application Guide General Hints for TDR u 4 10 4 9 Typical Waver Skeie h 4 11 4 10 Obtaining the Missing V 2 u eensssenssnennsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 4 15 5 ACTIVE BRID CE na 5 1 5 1 Interference Voltage Measurement AC and DC 5 1 5 2 Resistance Measurements sssssesrrsssrrrererrrerirnnntrennsrrennsnnne 5 2 5 2 1 Loop Resistance Measurement 2 WIRE 5 2 5 2 2 Loop Resistance Measurement 2 WIRE amp GND 5 4 5 2 3 Resistance Difference Measurement uu nennen 5 5 5 2 4 Insulation Resistance Measurement
7. At insulation resistance measurement e Ohm km value when the cable length is known At insulation capacitance measurement e Length DTS in meters when the cable parameters are known e nF km value when the cable length is known Steps of calculation The display always shows the cable type and temperature value selected during the last measurement To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type and press ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER Doing so KMK 8 automatically calculates the new values When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Press ENTER 3 9 sebakmr 4 TDR MEASUREMENTS 4 1 Principles of Operation KMK 8 in Time Domain Reflectometer TDR mode utilizes the radar principle A measuring pulse is transmitted down a cable When that pulse reaches the end of the cable or a fault along the cable a certain part or all the pulse energy is reflected back to the instrument KMK 8 measures the time taken by the pulse to travel down the cable see the problem and reflect back Than converts this time to distance and displays the information as a waveform The displayed waveform shows all impedance changes along the cable The amplitude_of any reflection is determined by
8. Measurement steps e Enter the L1 amp MEMORY option of TDR MENU The list of stored waveforms is now displayed e Select the memory location containing the stored waveform to be used for comparison and press ENTER e Start the measurement by pressing the START STOP key For evaluation the CURSOR MARKER and ZOOM facilities can be used as in the single pair investigation The vertical position of the stored Waveform can be shifted with the T 4 keys Comparison in L1 MEMORY mode In this mode the difference between the obtained and the stored Waveform is displayed Measurement steps e Enter the L1 MEMORY option of TDR MENU The list of stored waveforms is now displayed e Select the memory location containing the stored waveform to be used for comparison and press ENTER e Start the measurement by pressing the START STOP key For evaluation the CURSOR MARKER and ZOOM facilities can be used as in the single pair investigation sebakmr 4 8 Application Guide General Hints for TDR Reflections can be classified to fall into two groups e Regular reflections e Reflections from faults irregular reflections Regular reflections Even faultless pairs may produce reflections caused by inherent discontinuities such as joints or cable type changes Reflections from faults A faulty pair produces regular reflections and in addition reflections from the fault Because of the attenuation losses the reflection from a faul
9. The insulation resistance of the healthy wire must be higher than 10 MQ even if the fault resistance of the faulty wire is smaller than 10 kQ The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line The measurement can be performed if the healthy and faulty wires are taken from different pairs That solution can be applied when all the two wires of the faulty pair are wet but another healthy pair is available The two pairs must be in the same cable Test Procedure e Select the DC FAULT LOCATION MURRAY METHOD e Press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears E Rl 2 PASSIVE BRIDGE Rx por Rir2 Rx E The far ending of the tested pair should be joined manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 e Start the measurement with the START STOP key 6 7 sebakmMtT Having the measurement started the following display appears after a few seconds and the bridge is eaay for Salaneing 1770972008 10 53 1 Batt gt 962 Mem 1007 FAULT LOCATION MURRAY METHOD i 60 60 40 z0 0 20 40 60 30 100 B Rl2 M E 4 I OH vm fi Rx Fak Elr2 Ex E SET ZERO DEFLECTION WITH M IF NECESSARY CHANGE THE WIRES WITH A B STORE THE Mk VALUE WITH PRESSING ENTER GAIN 2 AVG 0h3s Vm OFF Bridge Balancing Select the minimum gain with key F2 Switch the measuring voltage off with the Vm OFF F1 key and keep it pressed until th
10. 1 Fault resistance lt 1 MQ ou ccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeneeeess 0 3 Fault resistance 1 MQ to 5 MQ nnnnnnennnnnn 0 5 Fault resistance 5 MO to 25 MQ nnnessenensssennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnenn 1 0 Resolution Of M Value Hu 1 1000 Measuring voltage cccccccccceeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeseenneeeeeeeeeeees 11 Hz 100 V Test results ML Mk Lx L Rx 2Rx RI Ra Rb FaE and FbE 18 13 sebakmT AC Fault Location Capacitive Balance Measuring range Eatin Sota ate ED 10 nF to 2000 nF Accuracy Of Lx L value cccccccceeeeeceeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeteeennaeeeeees 0 2 Resolution of Lx L value Inrange EX L 0 I I0 1 1 neh dats 1 10000 In range Lx L lt 0 9 or LLST Tiea RTA 1 1000 Measuring voltage 22444440nnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 11 Hz 100 V TESELESUN SA AE O EEA AEE E T ML Lx L Ca E Cb E Fault Location Graaf Method Loop resistance range ccc cece eeeeeceee cece eeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 10 Oto 10 kO DC current TaNnGe crsicdicisssaaveets AEAT ARAE AAEE 5pA to 1A Accuracy BIO HA area 0 3 bis 2 18 14 sebakmr 18 5 Pre Measurements Disturbing Voltages Measuring range DC voltage PU red Pavan bine nce dab OPERETTE FERN A TERN up to 300 V PC NVOMAG Saa a a a Eia up to 200 V eff Measuring MOde sssssssereserrreserrrerrrnnerernnernna Repeated measurements ACCUraAC VE Seat a e e thes T aa a EER 3 1
11. BRIDGE PRE MEASUREMENTS QUICE TEST QUALITY TEST HELP MENU PC CONTROL USE STICE STORED RESULTS CABLE LIBRARY BE MANAGER SETTING STATUS H OPTIONS Basically the user should follow the instructions appearing at the bottom of each display in all measurement modes e In most cases the measuring setting and editing modes are selected by the menu driven operation system For selection use the vertical cursor keys and then press ENTER e The various cable and test parameters can be selected with the function keys F1 to F6 To facilitate and speed up operation some of the measuring modes can be selected directly with them too e The measurements can be started or stopped with the START STOP key To return back to the previous display press ESC 3 5 sebakmr 3 2 Calibration Pressing the CAL F6 key the CALIBRATION menu appears providing two options e Calibration of test leads e Self calibration Calibration of Test Leads In that mode not only the resistance of test leads A B and E but also the relay resistances of the input switch field will be measured stored and during the measurements compensated as well During the manufacturing process the actual resistance values were stored but before the measurement of very low resistances or resistance differences a repeated calibration is recommended Before calibration short the far ends of the three test leads and after e Select the CAL OF TEST LEAD
12. C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type and press ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key sebak mr 6 7 DC Fault Location with K pfm ller Method The K pfm ller method applicable when the two wires of the pair have the same gauge the same length are made of the same material and booth of them are leaky An accurate result can be obtained when the two K pfm ller conditions are fulfilled FaE FbE gt 100 x RI 0 5 gt FaE FbE gt 2 The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line The K pfm ller method requires two part measurements e Measurement 1 Performed with open loop The result is ML e Measurement 2 Performed with closed loop The result is MK The Lx L value is calculated out of ML and MK Test Procedure e Select the DC FAULT LOCATION KUPFMULLER METHOD e Press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears Rx Rl 2 Rx e Start the first measurement pressing the START STOP key Having the measurement started the following display appears after a few seconds and the bridge is ready for balancing 29 11 201
13. E Lx L AC AC DC Fault Location with Murray K pfm ller and 3 Point Methods Loop resistance LANGE cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeettaeeeeeeeeeeeees 1 Qto 10 kO Fault resistance rane eeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeseeneeeeeeeneeees up to 100 MQ Accuracy of Lx L value R 2kQ Lx L 0 1 to 1 Fault resistance lt 1 MO ccccccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeess 0 2 Fault resistance 1MOQ to 5 MO nnsssnsnnnnsnennnennn 0 3 Fault resistance 5 MO to 25 MO ennnsssnsnnnnnsnennnennn 0 5 Fault resistance 25 MQ to 100 MO nnsennnnnnesnennnennn 2 0 Resolution of Lx L value ueeeeeseseessensnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnen 1 1000 Measuring voltage 2444244440Hnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnannnnanennnn 100 V DC disturbing voltage COMPENSATION 220usnssnneenneenneenneennnn Enabled Test results Murray and 3 Point Lx L Rx 2Rx RI Ra Ro FaE or FoE K pfm ller Lx L Rx 2Rx RI Ra Rb FaE and FbE 18 9 sebakmr DC AC Fault Location with REPEATED K PFM LLER Method Loop resistance range 2444ususnnssnnnnnnnnnnnnnneennnnnnnnnnnnnnen 1 O to 2kQ Fault resistance rane eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeneeeeeesneeeeseeaees up to 5 MQ Accuracy of Lx L value R 2kQ Lx L 0 1 to 1 Fault resistance lt 1 MQ ccccccccecseeeseseeeeeseseeeseseseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 1 Fault resist
14. OR OVER 45 C 10 2 sebak mr 10 6 Automatic Battery Switch Off If the inner temperature of the KMK 8 exceeds 55 C the internal battery is automatically switched off to prevent it from being damaged As the charging condition is unknown after the device can be switched on again fast charging should be as soon as possible 10 7 Battery Life Expectancy KMK 8 is equipped with a NiMH battery pack consisting of peek quality Panasonic cylindrical battery cells type HHR380A The guaranteed life expectancy of HHR380A cells is more than 500 charge discharge cycles that means around 3500 to 4000 operating hours Beyond 500 charge discharge cycles the capacity of cells may decrease and finally they have to be replaced The degradation of battery can be easily recognized in the following way e Charge the battery with Fast Charging method e After that start a Regenerating Charge Process The regenerating process normally takes around 7 to 8 hours In case of an old battery the duration is much less 4 to 5 hours 10 8 Charging During Measurement Since the measurement may be disturbed by interference voltages caused by the mains supply it is highly recommended to disconnect the mains cable or the car adapter during measurement 10 3 sebakmr 11 USB PORTS The USB data transfer is an option and can be used only if it is activated for the KMK 8 device KMK 8 has two USB ports for the transfer of test results e USB A host
15. V Frequency range 0 2 cceeeeeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeeeeteeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeees 15 to 300 Hz Input resistance 42222444400nnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnen 2 MQ Test results AC DC voltage between wire a and wire b Loop Resistance Measuring range eeceeceeeeceeeeeeecenceeeeeeeeeeeetneeeeeeeeteteeeaaes 10 to 10 KQ Measuring mode 24uumrssnnnnneennnennennnen Repeated measurements DC disturbing voltage compensation neeeesenseensennneennennnnennn Disabled Accuracy without disturbing voltages Im Oftest result unse 0 5 0 2 Q Test results tees Resistance between wire a and wire b 18 15 sebak mr Insulation Resistance Measuring range 244424444nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 10 KQ to 300 MQ Measuring mode uusrnennennennnnenn nennen Repeated measurements DC disturbing voltage compensation nsesnssnsenneennenneennnn Disabled Measuring time 2244444400nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 3 sec Measuring voltage 222444440snnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnenn 100 V Accuracy without disturbing voltages In of test FESUIE ee ecccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeg 20 Test results nn Resistance between wire a and wire b DC Current Measuring range uu 04444444nnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnnnn
16. as the time is different for each test result the same object name can be used repeatedly Note The name of operator should be given before starting a measurement e Select SETTINGS OPERATOR S NAME e Type the name in as it is usual at mobile phones e Press ENTER Saving of test results Having the test finished e Press the SAVE F1 key e Type an object name and press ENTER Recall of test results e Enter the MAIN MENU STORED RESULTS option e Select the required result and press ENTER Deleting a test result e Enter the MAIN MENU STORED RESULTS option e Select the result to be deleted and press DELETE F3 e If you are sure press YES F2 Deleting all of the test results e Enter the MAIN MENU STORED RESULTS option e Enter the group to be deleted and press EMPTY F1 e lf you are sure press YES F2 3 8 sebakmr 3 4 Provided Special Actions after Measurements KMK 8 measures the physical parameters of the tested pair like loop resistance insulation resistance Lx L value or capacitance Additional parameters can be calculated when e Cable parameters and temperature are known or e The exact length of the cable is known The calculated additional parameters At fault location modes e Cable length DTS in meters e Distance to fault DTF in meters At loop resistance and capacitance measurement e Length DTS in meters when the cable parameters and cable temperature are known e Ohm km value when the cable length is known
17. be balanced when the generator Um is connected to wire C The result is MK3 The Lx L value is calculated out of MK1 MK2 and MK3 sebakmr Test Procedure e Select the DC FAULT LOCATION 3 POINT METHOD e Press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the START STOP key pressed KMK 8 automatically performs the first measurement without balancing and stores the MK1 value When the first measurement is completed the bridge is ready for balancing and the following display appears 17 09 2008 12259 taia Mem 100 id Batti SECOND 3 POINT MEASUREMENT 100 500 60 10 20 0 20 40 60 30 100 SET ZERO DEFLECTION WITH M IF NECESSARY CHANGE THE WIRES WITH A B STORE THE Mk2 VALUE WITH PRESSING ENTER GAIN 2 AVG 0 55 Ym OFF sebakmr Bridge Balancing e Select the minimum gain with key F2 e Switch the measuring voltage off with the Vm OFF F1 key and keep it pressed until the pointer reaches a stable position While the key is pressed KMK 8 measures the disturbing DC voltage After releasing the key KMK 8 performs a null correction com pensating the effect of disturbing voltage The null point remains in the middle e Set the pointer to the O point with the M balancing potentiometer e Increase the gain gradually with key F3 and repeat the first two points until reaching the perfect balance The balance is perfect when the gain is 4 or 5 and the pointer stands on
18. be used only in the presence of disturbing voltages between the A and B wires KMK 8 can be programmed as MASTER and SLAVE as well Mode selection is in the PASSIVE BRIDGE MEASUREMENTS menu For SLAVE function a simplified version of the KMK 8 KMK 80S is available as optional accessory sebakmT Test Procedure Select the GRAAF MASTER mode in the PASSIVE BRIDGE menu and then the measuring arrangement appears Cin mee Rx Rs 2 Rx E gt Rs Ex The measurement can be started with the START STOP key KMK 8 performs 16 consecutive synchronous measurements at both sides The duration of that automatic test sequence is approx 80 sec When the 16 part measurements are ready KMK 8 evaluates the results In the course of evaluation the results of the first two measurements and Lx L values unlikely differing from the average are omitted Having the test sequence completed the result display appears 15 02 72009 1633 att gt 95 Mem 100 FAULT LOCATION GRAAF METHOD Lx L VALUE 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 0 5000 AVG 0 3000 OF 14 MIN 0 5000 CABLE RI 233 0 amp MAX 0 5000 50 40 Rx 50 50 0 TEMP 0 C 2Ex 119 0 f DTS 905 2 m DTF 452 6 m TEMP LENGTHIC LIBR sebak mr The displayed Test results e All the 14 remaining Lx L values the unlikely ones are marked with asterisks The average of Lx L values The number of Lx L values used fo
19. can be changed with the SCALE F2 key Displayed Test Results e DC AC voltages in graphic form e DC AC voltages in digital form sebak mr 8 3 Loop Resistance Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to get quick information about the loop resistance of numerous pairs For the sake of quick measurement the compensation of DC interference voltages is disabled Test Procedure e Join the far endings of the tested pair manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 e Select the PRE MEASUREMENTS LOOP RESISTANCE mode and press ENTER The measurement starts automatically KMK 8 measures continuously until stopping the measurement with the START STOP key 17 56 19 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 CONTINOUS PRE MEASUREMENT LOOP RESISTANCE BETWEEN A AND B R1 lt 1 66 9 JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES MEASURING IN PROGRESS LIMIT 10002 LIMIT Purpose of that service is to find the pair of wires that has a strap or is shorted perhaps at its far end If the resistance measured between the wires is smaller than the preset limit then you will hear a buzzing sound To set the resistance limit below which the buzzer is working press the LIMIT F4 key and type in the wanted limit The buzzer can be switched on and off with the TONE F6 key 8 4 Insulation Resistance Measurement Purpose of the test is to measure the insulation resistance between the a and b wires KMK 8 in this mode provides fast
20. e Storage of waveform The displayed waveforms can be stored with key STO F1 sebak mr 4 4 Waveform Evaluation Reading Distance to Fault After the measurement process is terminated move the cursor with the horizontal cursor keys to the start point of the reflected pulse HIGH IMPEDANCE SERIES FAULT gt Lola IMPEDANCE SHUNT FAULT The displayed value of the cursor shows the distance to fault Remember to deduct the length of the test leads Waveform Expansion ZOOM The waveform can be shown in more detail around the cursor line by using the ZOOM facility The amount of horizontal expansion can be selected as follows e Using the keys move the cursor to the point around which you want to expand the waveform e Press the ZOOM F2 key e Select the required ZOOM value with the TL keys On the down left corner of the display there is a ZOOM INFO showing information about the non visible part of trace if the ZOOM is on Use of Marker The marker appears as a vertical grey line and can be placed to any selected point of the waveform Displayed are the position of marker and the cursor further the true distance from marker to cursor To measure the distance between any two points the marker should be used as follows e Move the cursor to the point from which the distance is to be measured e g reflection from a known point or from the change of the cable type and set the marker by pressing MARKER e Move
21. for wire B e The green lead for E GND e The yellow lead for C auxiliary wire The loop closing device is remote controlled by KMK 8 There are eight switch configurations e All of the wires A B C and E are open for Insulation resistance capacitance and voltage measurement e A and B wires are closed but E and C are open for loop resistance measurements and fault location with Murray and K pfm ller method e Wires A B and E are joined and C is open for 2 wire amp GND measurement resistance difference measurement e Wires A B and C are joined and E is open for fault location with 3 Point method e A and B wires are periodically closed and opened with a time interval of 5s The user can start and stop the process trough KMK 8 but it automatically stops after 10 minutes e A and B wires are Join the far endings of the tested pair with a time interval of approx 15 s for REPEATED KUPFMULLER test with passive bridge The user can start and stop the process trough KMK 8 but it automatically stops after 10 minutes e A and B wires are periodically closed and open by remote control for fault location with REPEATED KUPFMULLER method and TDR e A and B wires are connected to the current measuring circuit of KMK 88 17 1 sebak mr The loop closing device KMK 80S can be switched on with the ON key When the device is switched on the green ON LED is blinking in every five seconds The device can be switched o
22. instrument helping the user to carry out complete measuring procedures but of course only virtually 1 1 Application KMK 8 hand held small size instrument is intended to test the quality of telecom cables during installation and to locate cable faults That combined instrument provides the followings e Time Domain Reflectometer TDR e Active bridge for comfortable automatic and accurate DC AC fault location and resistance capacitance measurements on lines with only small interference voltages e Passive Wheatstone bridge for DC AC fault location and resistance capacitive measurements on lines with heavy interfe rence voltages e A voltage measurement module for measurements of AC and DC interference voltages at cable systems e Voltage meter module to measure the DC and AC interference voltages on the line e Warning and information systems continuously informing the user about interference voltages to ensure the best measurement accuracy e Remote control system for the far end loop closing device 1 1 sebak mr In TDR mode KMK 8 can be used to locate Open ends Shorted conductors Water damage Screen faults interruption Loose connectors Crimp faults Simple or double split Branches Capacitance networks Unwanted loading coils Change of cable type In active bridge mode KMK 8 provides DC fault location methods like Murray 3 Point K pfm ller Repeated K pfm ller AC fault location m
23. measurement should be repeated with another wire combination e When the level of disturbing voltage is too low the whole histogram and the test results can be unacceptable In this case try to repeat the test with the passive bridge of KMK 8 sebakmr Notes That method can be used only when the DC loop current exceeds 10 pA KMK 8 provides additional disturbing voltage to increase the loop current if an auxiliary wire is available Um 100V Ri 100kOhm D KMK 8 KMK 8 BH Doe ES O mra ee O A A sebakmr 8 PRE MEASUREMENTS 8 1 Survey of Pair Condition KMK 8 provides an extremely useful test sequence to find the best fault location method PRE MEASUREMTS PAIR CONDITION The test sequence consists of the following measurements e DC and AC interference voltage measurement e Mutual capacitance Cm e Physical capacitance between wires and GND Ca E und Cb E e Loop resistance RI e Resistance of wires a and b Ra and Rb e Resistance between wire a and wire b Riso e Fault resistances FaE and FbE e Voltage sources cascaded with FaE and FbE Va E and Vb E e The fault resistances and source voltages are measured twice to see the intensity of fluctuation O5 01 2011 09 07 247 Batt gt 95 Meme 100 SURYEY OF PAIR CONDITION BK ECFL30 Fan ELC30 ACTIVE AcE b E BRIDGE Fazl Fos Protected ai E iz Cm 218 mF RI 1 364k2 DMN RE Cab FE Ra 681 7 N ae Ch E 89 42nF Rb 681 7 0 YaE
24. modes Two waveforms are simultaneously displayed L1 L2 In this mode the difference between two waveforms is displayed The typical use of this mode is to find close in faults because the balance between two cables may be better than between one cable and the internal balance control Comparison with memory A waveform stored in memory can be used for comparison of the cable conditions before and after a critical period or a repair job L1 amp MEMORY In this mode two waveforms are simultaneously displayed L1 MEMORY In this mode the difference between two waveforms is displayed 4 2 Settings before Measurement Entering the TDR option of MAIN MENU the following display appears 24 1172010 09 25 40 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 TOR L2 L1 LONG TIME L2 LONG TIME L1 amp L DOUBLE rar S MEASUREMENT TALK COMPARISON L1 amp MEMORY TO MEMORY I L1 MEMORY STORED SETUP SINGLE PAIR MEASUREMENT OFF Measuring mode selection Select the wanted measuring mode in the TDR MENU with the TJ keys and press ENTER Having the mode selected the measuring display appears belonging to the selected mode 13 09 2008 12 29 14 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 MODE L1 CABLE A2YFg 0 40 mm READY SMOOTH OFF MARKER 93 0 CUR MAR OFF m us 3200 m 0 dB RANGE 4 3 sebakmT Setting the Propagation Velocity After mode selection the next step is to set the appropriate velocity factor The propagation vel
25. mr Displayed Test Results Lx L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault 2Rx the double of wire resistance between the instrument and fault RI loop resistance FaE fault resistance Ua E the voltage of a DC source connected serial to FaE That voltage shows the short between the faulty and an active wire It is displayed only when its effect is not negligible e DTS calculated of the cable parameters and RI e DTF calculated of the cable parameters RI and Lx L S007 2010 07 49i21 Eatte gt 5 Memes 100 FAULT LOCATION MURRAY METHOD B El I B ECFL30 aa ELCH ACTIVE BRIDGE Rx Foal Rir2 Rx Sensitive Lx L 0 1587 FAULTY WIRE A CABLE RI 265 6 2 50 40 Rx 21 08 amp TEMP 8 0 C 2Ex 42 16 2 Ra 132 3 0 DTS 1 011km Rb 132 8 0 DTF 160 4 m Fae 0 1Ma To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type and press ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER Doing so KMK 8 automatically calculates the new values When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key 5 14 5 5 DC Fault Location with K pfm ller
26. norm EN 50289 1 5 2001 in the following arrangement Cm ab ar IH 7b ar Pb ii Ca b ii Ca b Ca b ji Ca E cak Cb E Cb E TE 2 el Measuring results are marked as Cm CaE and CbE CaE CbE 2 WIRE amp GND mode for the measurement of capacitances in 2 Pole arrangement Cm ar Fb ar Pb ar Fb Ca b Ca b Ca b a ji le 1 le 1 Bu Cb E Cb E Cb E L a Li E saa Measuring results are marked as Cm CAE and CBE CBE 2 WIRE amp GND mode for physical capacitance Measurement The results are marked as Ca b Ca E and Cb E CAPACITIVE BALANCE mode for the measurement of balance between Ca E and Cb E with a high accuracy b sebakmr 5 3 1 Capacitance Measurement 2 WIRE Test Procedure Select the CAPACITANCE 2 WIRE mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears 30 07 2010 07 37 44 Batt gt 957 Mem 100 MUTUAL CAPACITANCE 2 WIRE F ECFE m SLAVE ACTIVE a BRIDGE Sensitive JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP The far end of the tested pair has to be open Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the disturbing voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode e Select the proper mode
27. on the negative or positive side of the scale Press the 0 KORR F1 key to shift the pointer to the middle of the scale Increase the gain gradually with key F3 and repeat the first three points until reaching the perfect balance The balance is perfect when the gain is 5 and the pointer stands on the minimum When the balancing is completed press ENTER to store the result ML Before the second measurement the loop should be closed Close it manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 In case of manual control Start the second measurement pressing the START STOP key and the bridge is ready for the second balancing 2371172010 08 1 tiga Mems 10074 SECOND AC EUPFMULLER MEASUREMENT 40 60 50 100 au SET MINIMUM DEFLECTION WITH M IF NECESSARY CHANGE THE WIRES WITH A B STORE THE Mk YALUE WITH PRESSING ENTER GAIN 2 Balance the bridge again and press ENTER to store the result MK and to call the result display 6 20 sebakmr Displayed Test Results e ML and MK values Lx L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault 2Rx double wire resistance between the instrument and fault RI loop resistance FaE and FbE fault resistances DTS calculated of the cable parameters and RI DTF calculated of the cable parameters RI and Lx L To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type and pres
28. proper V 2 value will be set automatically 4 16 sebakmr Procedure when the distance between two points is known Connect the cable to the L1 sockets and obtain a waveform in the L1 mode by setting the appropriate measuring range and a V 2 value around 100 m us Place the cursor to the start point of the pulse reflected from the first known point and set the marker by pressing MARKER Place the cursor to the starting point of the pulse reflected from the second known point Stop the measurement with START STOP key Press the V 2 F3 key and the following display appears 2471172010 09 53 25 Battrrga Mem 100 HALF PROPAGATION VELOCITY 2 WAVE VELOCITY IN CABLE 2 Yes MUS ACTUAL VALUE 100 0 meus 45 to 149 CALCULATION BY KNOWN DISTANCE EDIT C LIBR sebakmr e Call the calculation page with the CURMAR F6 key 1370972008 17 46 Batt gt 9572 Mem 1007 CALCULATION BY KNOWN DISTANCE ENTER KNOWN DISTANCE CURSOR MARKER TEE ACCEPTABLE 1003 to 3323 m e Using the numeric keys type in the known distance e Press the ENTER key and the proper V 2 value will be set automatically sebakMT 5 ACTIVE BRIDGE Having the ACTIVE BRIDGE selected in the MAIN MENU the following Display appears 16 0272010 11 06 25 Batt gt 95 Mem 1007 ACTIVE BRIDGE MEASUREMENTS DISTURBING VOLTAGE EST EEE RESISTANCE 2 WIRE 2 WIRE amp GND RESISTANCE DIFFERENCE INSULATION RESISTANCE CAPACITANCE 2 WIRE
29. resistances DC voltages or electrolytic voltages That method requires 16 part measurements alternating e 8measurements with open loop L e 8measurements with closed loop K The far endings of the tested pair should be connected to KLC 8 remote controllable loop closing devices Test Procedure Select the DC REPEATED KUPFMULLER mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears Rx Rs 2 Rx e The measurement can be started with the START STOP key When the 16 part measurements are ready KMK 8 evaluates the results In the course of evaluation the results of the first two measurements and Lx L values unlikely differing from the average are omitted 5 20 sebakmr Having the test a completed the result rR appears erfo1f2011 0950 tipan Mems 100 REPEATED DC EUPFMULLER METHOD Lx L VALUE AVG 0 1600 OF 14 MIN 0 1600 El 238 0 2 MAX D 1600 50 40 Ex 19 04 ft TEMP 3 0 C 2Rx 35 08 0 Protected DTS 904 9 m DTF 144 7 m SAVE TEMP LENGTHIC LIBR During the calculation process all L and K values are used twice That are marked at the header of result display with n n and n n 1 The result display contains All the 14 remaining Lx L values the unlikely ones are marked with asterisks The average of Lx L values The number of Lx L values used for average calculation The minimum and maximum of Lx L value Histogram showing the distribution of Lx L values Rx wire resistance between
30. sebakmr Having the measurement completed the following results appears Displayed Test Results e Riso resistance between wire a and wire b e Ra resistance between wire a and GND wire b joined to GND e RbE resistance between wire b and GND wire a joined to GND e Vab VaE and VbE AC and DC interference voltages Calculation of Q km when the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key and press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key Notice The cheap and simple instruments can perform only 2 Pole measurements For the sake of comparison KMK 8 also provides the 2 Pole measuring mode To select that mode press 2 POLE F1 key The 2 Pole measurement is performed in the following arrangement Riso Be Fab al Fab a Fab Dan RAE Fae FREY Fae FbEl FaE FbEL E gt E gt Riso Fab parallel with FaE FbE RAE FaE parallel with Fab FbE RBE FbE parallel with Fab FaE 6 4 Resistance Difference Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to measure the resistance difference between wire a and wire b KMK 8 measures the resistance difference accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line This measurement is implemented as a Murray measurement The results are calculated out of the loop resistance and Mk Lx L values Test Procedure Select the RESIST
31. the O point with pressed and released F1 key as well The indicator performs numerous measurements per second The pointer shows the result of the last measurement When the line is too noisy the pointer is waving around a middle point and the reading is difficult The waving of pointer can be reduced by average calculation Five averaging times are provided 0 0 5 1 2 or 4 sec Zero means no averaging e The averaging time can be changed with keys F4 and F5 e When the balancing is completed press ENTER to store the result MK2 and to call the picture of the third measurement Doing so the following display appears and the bridge is ready for the third balancing 17 09 2008 13 14230 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 THIRD 3 POINT MEASUREMENT 100 80 0 40 20 0 20 40 60 30 100 SET ZERO DEFLECTION WITH M IF NECESSARY CHANGE THE WIRES WITH A B STORE THE Me VALUE WITH PRESSING ENTER GAIN 2 AVG 0h3s sebak mr Balance the bridge again and press ENTER to store the result MK3 and to call the result display Displayed Test Results e MK1 MK2 and MK3 values Lx L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault 2Rx double wire resistance between the instrument and fault RI loop resistance FaE fault resistance DTS calculated of the cable parameters and RI DTF calculated of the cable parameters RI and Lx L To change the cable type e Press the
32. 0 08 12 51 Batt gt 35 Mem 1002 FIRST KUPFMULLER MEASUREMENT 100 60 60 4 0 20 40 60 30 100 Rx El 2 Ex C4 DI Elr2 Rx E SET ZERO DEFLECTION WITH M IF NECESSARY CHANGE THE WIRES WITH A B STORE THE Mi YALUE WITH PRESSING ENTER GAIN 2 AVG 0 55 sebakmr Bridge Balancing Select the minimum gain with key F2 Switch the measuring voltage off with the Vm OFF F1 key and keep it pressed until the pointer reaches a stable position While the key is pressed KMK 8 measures the disturbing DC voltage After releasing the key KMK 8 performs a null correction com pensating the effect of disturbing voltage The null point remains in the middle Set the pointer to the 0 point with the M balancing potentiometer Increase the gain gradually with key F3 and repeat the first two points until reaching the perfect balance The balance is perfect when the gain is 4 or 5 and the pointer stands on the 0 point with pressed and released F1 key as well The device perfomes numerous measurements per second The pointer shows the result of the last measurement When the line is too noisy the pointer is waving around a middle point and the reading is difficult The waving of pointer can be reduced by average calculation Five averaging times are provided 0 0 5 1 2 or 4 sec Zero means no averaging The averaging time can be changed with keys F4 and F5 When the balancing is completed press ENTER to store the resul
33. 11 2010 13 19 31 POWER OFF TIME 15 mi EEY BEEP SAVE WARNING SLAVE TYPE PY UNIT y2 LANGUAGE ENGLISH LOAD FACTORY DEFAULTS UPGRADE The date and time can be typed in with the number keys The name of operator can be typed in like an SMS at mobile phones Space by key 0 twice backspace by accept by ENTER escape by ESC To change the other parameters e Select the parameter by the vertical cursors and press ENTER e Change parameter by the vertical cursors and press ENTER 15 1 sebak mr 16 LOOP CLOSING DEVICE KLC 8 The purpose of KLC 8 is to close or open the far endings of the tested pair The loop closing device has three test leads e The red lead for wire A e The black lead for wire B e The green Lead for GND Cable sheath or for wire C The loop closing device is remote controlled by KMK 8 There are the following switch configurations e All of the three wires A B and E are open For Insulation resistance capacitance and voltage measurement e A and B wires are closed but E is open for loop resistance measurements and fault location with Murray and K pfm ller method e All of the three wires A B and E are joined For 2 wire amp GND measurement resistance difference measurement and fault location with 3 Point method e A and B wires are periodically closed and open with a time interval of 5 s For TDR measurements The user can start and stop the process trough KMK 8 but it automatic
34. A E ee ee 50 For Cable parameters ssssssssiressrrresrnnssirnnerirnnerinnnerennnerennnat 50 18 3 sebakmT Ambient temperature ranges C R Ro A E Bee oP Pe ee 23 5 C Rel humidity 45 to 75 Normal Operation eccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeneeeeeeeaeees 0 to 40 C Rel humidity 30 to 75 lt 25g m Limits of operation ese a E EAR 5 to 45 C Rel humidity 5 to 95 lt 29g m Storage and transport sseeeseeeseessresrieserrsrrrsrresrees 40 to 70 C Rel humidity 95 at 45 C lt 35g m Dimensions messing ae 224 x 160 x 75 mm Weight Including battery Dack eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeaes ca 1 8 kg Protecti n Class e teens essentiellen II in accordance with IEC 61140 Measurement CateQory cceeeececececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 300V CAT II in accordance with IEC EN 61010 1 Without condensation 18 4 sebakmr 18 2 TDR Measuring ranges V 2 100 or V 2 10 for loaded cable 1 For non loaded cable sssssssseeeeeeeeeeeneeeneeeneeennnnnnnn 16m 2 For non loaded cable cccccccccccccesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 32m 3 For non loaded cable uuuu000usnsnsnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 64m 4 For non loaded cable ccccccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeseess 160 m 5 For non loaded cable nenn 320 m 6 For non loaded cable nenn 640 m 7 FOr non loaded cable
35. A TEANSFER TEST RESULT WORE Tag AT CE a FROM USE STICE TO ECFL30 The USE DEVICE socket must be unplugged Select and enter the FROM KMK 8 TO USB FLASH DRIVE option 21 09 2008 16 18 15 Batt gt 95 Mem 97 PUT RESULT TO USB NECFL30 NRESULT RESULT NAME MEAS MODE START TIME NAME1 A DC KUPFM 2570772006 20 01 NAME2 P DC KUPFM 2570772006 20 01 ALL ONE PgDn To copy one result draw the highlight to the wanted name and press the ONE F3 key To copy all test results press the ALL F1 key 11 2 sebakmr 11 2 Result Transfer from USB flash drive to KMK 8 e Plug the USB flash drive into the USB host Port of KMK 8 e Enter the MAIN MENU USB FLASH DRIVE option Doing so the DATA Den page appears Fr Batt DATA TEANSFER TEST RESULT FROM ECFL30 TO USB STICK FROM USE STICK TO ECFL40 The USB DEVICE socket must be unplugged Select and enter the FROM USB FLASH DRIVE TO KMK 8 option 21709 2008 16 18 15 Batt gt 957 Mem 97 GET RESULT FROM USB SECFL30NRESULT NAME1_25 0772006 20 01 RES NAME2 25 07 2006 20 07 RES ALL ONE PgDn To copy one result draw the highlight to the wanted name and press the ONE F3 key To copy all test results press the ALL F1 key sebak mr 12 STATUS amp OPTIONS STATUS amp OPTION point of the MAIN MENU provides useful hardware and software information 29 11 2010 08 20 10 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 ABOUT DEVICE TYPE ECFL30 SERIAL NUM
36. ANCE DIFFERENCE mode and press ENTER The measuring arrangement appears on the display Eh The far endings of the tested pair should be joined to the ground manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 e Select the required measuring range with pressing the AR lt 10 F2 or AR gt 10 F3 key e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement started the following display appears after a few seconds and the bridge is ready for balancing 16 09 2008 14 19 3 311 gt 95 _ Mem 100 RESISTANCE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Ra AND Eb i00 80 0 4 20 a 20 40 60 80 100 a Sa B Eh E Vin A Ra l So SET ZERO DEFLECTION WITH M TF NECESSERY CHANGE THE WIRES WITH A B HAVING THE BALANCE COMPLETED CONFIRM THE RESULT WITH PRESSING ENTER GAIN 2 AVG Ih3s Ym OFF 6 5 sebakmr Bridge Balancing Select the minimum gain with key F2 Switch the measuring voltage off with the Vm OFF F1 key and keep it pressed until the pointer reaches a stable position While the key is pressed KMK 8 measures the disturbing DC voltage After releasing the key KMK 8 performs a null correction com pensating the effect of disturbing voltage The null point remains in the middle Set the pointer to the 0 point with the M balancing potentiometer Increase the gain gradually with key F3 and repeat the first two points until reaching the perfect balance The balance is perfect when the ga
37. BER 1234567890 INTERNAL ID 00051 CPU CARD NUMBER 12345 IF CARD NUMBER 67890 CALIBRATION DATE 2971172010 07 49 35 CHARGER VERSION 0102030405 BOOT VERSION 1 SOFTWARE VERSION 3 78 HARDWARE VERSION 12345 67890 OPTIONS PC CONTROL ACTIVE IMPORTANT NOTES Data transfer between the KMK 8 device and a PC does only work if the instruments software and the PC software have the same version number 12 1 sebakMT 13 UPGRADE KMK8u exe The software of KMK 8 can be upgraded without disassembling the instrument The new software version can be downloaded from a PC using the upgrade file made by the manufacturer This file contains the description of the upgrade process To set ECFL to upgrade mode e Enter SETTINGS menu e Select the UPGRADE option with the vertical cursor keys e Press ENTER Doing so KMK 8 is ready for upgrade To return without upgrade switch the instrument off 13 1 sebakmr 14 DEMOPROGRAMM KMK d exe Running the demo program the front panel of the instrument with display and keyboard is shown By clicking with the mouse on the keyboard the virtual KMK 8 will behave as the real instrument helping the user to carry out complete measuring procedures but of course only virtually 14 1 sebakMT 15 SETTINGS In setting mode some important parameters can be set The menu of on nn can be reached from the MAIN MENU fof 11720 Batti GENERAL SETTINGS OPERATOR S NAME DATE TIME 25
38. Method The K pfm ller method is applicable when the two wires of the pair have the same gauge the same length are made of the same material and booth of them are leaky An accurate result can be obtained when the two K pfm ller conditions are fulfilled FaE FbE gt 100 x RI 0 5 gt FaE FbE gt 2 Thanks to the high accuracy of the active bridge acceptable accuracy can be reached when the tested line is free of interference voltages and the following condition is fulfilled 0 9 gt FaE FbE gt 1 1 Test Procedure Select the DC FAULT LOCATION KUPFMULLER METHOD and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears 25 11 2010 09 52228 Battieooe Mem 100 FAULT LOCATION EUPFMULLER METHOD El 2 Rx mm ECFL30 BRIDGE Sensitive JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE CONTINUE WITH START STOP MODE The K pfm ller method requires two part measurements e First measurement with open loop e Second one with closed loop sebak mr The far endings of the tested pair can be open and joined manually or by means of the remote controllable Loop Closing Device KLC 8 Having the far endings of the tested pair opened e Start the first measurement with the START STOP key Having the far endings of the tested pair shorted e Start the second measurement with the START STOP key If the remote control function is switched on and the Loop Closing Device is connected the instr
39. NGE key e Select the required range with the TJ keys sebak mr 4 3 Test of a Single Pair After setting the mode range and propagation velocity the measurement can be started by pressing the START STOP key The measurement is running repeatedly until a following START STOP keystroke e In L1and L2 measuring modes the last waveform is displayed To save battery life the measurement is automatically stopped after one minute elapsed time e In L1 LONG TIME and L2 LONG TIME modes all the obtained waveforms are displayed together showing the intermittent faults In these modes there is no time out Balance Adjustment Adjust the rotary BALANCE conirol to minimize the transmit pulse at the start of waveform In the XTALK and L1 L2 modes the balance control is not effective Gain Adjustment Because of the attenuation of the cable under test the amplitude of the reflected pulse will decrease as the distance to the reflection location increases To obtain suitable reflected pulse amplitude the gain should be set as follows e Press the GAIN F5 key e Select the required gain with the TJ keys The gain can be adjusted between 0 and 90 dB in 6 dB steps Setting Transmit Pulse Width optional In case of high cable attenuation a better reading may sometimes be obtained by using a wider pulse Therefore if required the pulse width can be changed as follows e Press the PULSE F6 key e Select the required width by the TJ keys
40. ON 3 POINT METHOD ECF L40 ACTIVE BEIDGE A R Sensitive Ep TU Lx L 0 3937 c _ _ Lx Ra Rx FAULTY WIRE A CABLE RI 469 9 0 50 40 Rx 75 03 f TEMP 0 C 2Rx 150 0 0 Ra 190 6 8 DTS 1 451km Rh 279 1 0 DTF 571 0 m FaE 0 110 SAVE Displayed Test Results e Lx L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length FAULTY WIRE A or B Rx resistances between ceonnection point to fault point 2Rx Lx L x RI RI loop resistance Rl Ra Rb Ra and Rb wire resistances FaE or FbE fault resistances To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key Notices When wire A is faulty then Lx L Rx Ra and the FaE insulation resistance is displayed When Lx L gt 1 is indicated then the result is incorrect Please exchange the A and B wires and repeat the measurement Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode The proper mode can be selected with the MODE F3 key sebakmr 5 7 DC Fault Location with repeated K PFM LLER method That method is a sequence of repeated K pfm ller measurements It is applicable when none of the wires of a cable is free of fault That method is very useful in case of intensely changing fault
41. S option of CALIBRATION menu e Press ENTER When the calibration is completed three resistance values are displayed containing the test lead and relay resistances These resistances will be taken into consideration at the following measuring modes e Resistance 2 wire Resistance 2 wire amp gnd Resistance difference Fault location Murray Method Fault location 3 Point Method Fault location K pfm ller Methods 3 6 sebakmr Self calibration e Select the SELF CALIBRATION option of CALIBRATION menu e Press ENTER Doing so the calibration parameters of active and passive bridges are measured The accuracy of the active bridge is based on the measurement of a built in normal resistor of high preciosity The result of that measurement is stored as a reference value The accuracy of the passive bridge is based on the measurement of a built in reference voltage source of high preciosity The result of that measurement is stored as a reference value During the calibration process the offset voltages of amplifiers are measured and stored as well sebakmtT 3 3 Storage and Recall of Measuring Results When a test is completed the result can be saved in each measuring mode under a user given object name There are four identifiers of each stored results e OBJECT user given name e DATE automatically added e TIME automatically added e MODE automatically added The automatically added identifiers are very comfortable for the user
42. THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP e Start the measurement with the START STOP key e The test results can be saved by pressing the SAVE F1 key 9 1 sebakmr 9 2 Automatic Quality Test The purpose of the automatic quality test is to get accurate results about the features of an known good pair of wires Measuring time is 130 sec The list of measurements Insulation resistance Maximum 10 GO e Between wire a and wire b e Between wire a and E GND e Between wire b and E GND Capacitance e Between wire a and wire b e Between wire a and E GND b connected to ground e Between wire b and E GND a connected to ground Capacitive unbalance e Between Ca E and Cb E Loop resistance e RI Resistance difference Test Procedure e Connect the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8to the far end of the tested pair e Select MEAS SEQUENCE QUALITY TEST mode and Press ENTER and then the following display appears 09 19 16 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 AUTOMATIC QUALITY TEST B ah aE hE A CAPACITIVE BALANCE Lx L BAL E RESISTANCE DIFFERENCE Ra Eh AR 2AR Rl JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP e Start the measurement with the START STOP key e The test results can be saved by pressing the SAVE F1 key 9 2 sebak mr 10 BATTERY MANAGER Battery Charging Modes KMK8 is equipped with a processor controlled automati
43. Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode The proper mode can be selected with the MODE F3 key To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key sebakmr 5 6 DC Fault Location with 3 Point Method The purpose of the test is to find the location of the insulation fault This test is applicable when the two wires of the pair have different gauges and only one of them is leaky The ratio of the good wire insulation to the leaky wire insulation must be at least 1000 For that measurement a third auxiliary wire is required Wire C The resistance of auxiliary wire has no effect on the measurement During the test the far endings of the tested pair and the auxiliary wire should be interconnected manually or by means of the remote controllable Loop Closing Device KLC 8 Test Procedure Select the 3 POINT METHOD mode press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears The remote control function of the instrument can be switched on or off with the KLC 8 F6 key e The measurement can be started with the START STOP key sebak mr Having the measurement completed the following display appear 30707 72010 083023 17 Battita Mems 1007 FAULT LOCATI
44. US MEASUREMENT 0000 7 1 PRE MEASUREMENTG 2 ccceceeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 8 1 Survey of Pair Condition cccccecceeseeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeteneeeeaes 8 1 AC DC Voltage Measurement ccceeeceeceeeeeeeteneeeeeneeseteeees 8 3 Loop Resistance Measurement cceeescceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenneeees 8 4 Insulation Resistance Measurement umssssssnennensnnnnnnn nen 8 5 DC Current Measurement uuuuesesssenssennnennsennnennnnnnnennnnnnennnnnen 8 6 Cable Temperature Measurement ccccsccceessseeeeeesteeeeeeeaes 8 7 AUTOMATIC TEST SEQUENCES nurnaansnannnenannnnnannnnunnnnnnnn 9 1 Automatie Quick Test u ae ansonsten 9 1 Automatic Quality Test 2uurnnsnnnnsennnannnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnannnnn 9 2 BATTERY MANAGER nunsnunsnnnennnennnnannnannnennnannnannnnannnnnnennn 10 1 Battery Capacity Indication 40nnnnennnnnnnnnn 10 1 Normal Charging 2 4444044440nnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnenn 10 1 Fast Charging u ee Eee 10 2 Regenerating Charge Process 20nnnsnn nennen 10 2 Initial Charging 3 4 4482er 10 2 Automatic Battery Switch Off uesssesneensenennnnnennnnn 10 3 Battery Life Expectancy eieren a 10 3 Charging During Measurement cccceeeseeeeteeeseeeeees 10 3 USB PORTS an sssescececacezeetinas doe coesedatcdeczestavzeteeatteneetacusecdenateaaae 11 1 Result Trans
45. User Manual Cable Fault Locator KMK 8 Mess und Ortungstechnik Measuring and Locating Technologies Elektrizitatsnetze Power Networks Kommunikationsnetze Communication Networks Rohrleitungsnetze Water Networks Abwassernetze Sewer Systems Leitungsortung Line Locating Issue 1 08 2011 ENG sebakmr CONSULTATION WITH SEBAKMT The present system manual has been designed as an operating guide and for reference It is meant to answer your questions and solve your problems in as fast and easy a way as possible Please start with referring to this manual should any trouble occur In doing so make use of the table of contents and read the relevant paragraph with great attention Furthermore check all terminals and connections of the instruments involved Should any question remain unanswered please contact Seba Dynatronic Hagenuk KMT Mess und Ortungstechnik GmbH Kabelmesstechnik GmbH Dr Herbert lann Str 6 R deraue 41 D 96148 Baunach D 01471 Radeburg Dresden Phone 49 9544 68 0 Phone 49 35208 84 0 Fax 49 9544 22 73 Fax 49 35208 84 249 E Mail sales sebakmt com http www sebakmt com SebaKMT All rights reserved No part of this handbook may be copied by photographic or other means unless SebaKMT have before hand declared their consent in writing The content of this handbook is subject to change without notice SebaKMT cannot be made liable for technical or p
46. a space pressing it twice and in TDR mode activates the SMOOTH function This key enters 1 This key enters 2 or ABC letters when required This key enters 3 or D E F letters when required This key enters 4 or G H I letters when required This key enters 5 or J K L letters when required This key enters 6 or MN O letters when required This key enters 7 or P Q R S letters when required This key enters 8 or T U V letters when required This key enters 9 or W X Y Z letters when required sebak mr 2 1 Connectors amp Balance Controls On 9 DEVICE HOST 12 16V USB Anti theft protection TDR balance Socket to connect wire D in bridge modes and L2 in TDR mode Socket to connect wire C in bridge modes and L2 in TDR mode 5 Socket to connect wire B in bridge modes and L1 in TDR mode zew o o 10 USB connector for connectinga PC 11 USB connector for connecting an USB flash drive sebakmr 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 1 Start up and general rules e Switch the instrument on e First the opening display appears showing the name and e mail address of the manufacturer e After the percentage of the BATTERY LEVEL will be shown e 2 seconds later self test indication and the MAIN MENU appears 21 09 2008 165 18 15 MAIN MENU MANUAL MEASUREMENTS MEAS SEQUENCE OTHERS ACTIVE BRIDGE PASSIVE
47. ally stops after 10 minutes e wires are periodically closed and open with a time interval of 15 s For REPEATED KUPFMULLER test with passive bridge The user can start and stop the process trough KMK 8 but it automati cally stops after 10 minutes e A and B wires are periodically closed and open by remote control For fault location with REPEATED KUPFMULLER method and TDR 16 1 sebakmr The loop closing device KLC 8 can be switched on off with the ON OFF key The actual state of the device is indicated by a LED Switching KLC 8 on e The LED lights green for one second if the battery level is OK e The LED lights yellow for one second if the battery level is low e The LED lights red for one second if the battery is down When KLC 8 is switched on the LED flashes in every five seconds Switching KLC 8 off e The LED is blinking green for a few seconds KLC 8 switches off automatically 4 hours after the latest remote control command The device is powered from three pieces of AA LR6 batteries The life of a battery set is around 1200 hours 16 2 sebak mr 17 INTELLIGENT SLAVE KMK 80S OPTIONAL The functions of KMK 80S in End to End Synchronous mode Measurement of line current and transfer the measuring results to the Master KMK 8 The functions of KMK 80S in other modes To close or open the far endings of the tested pair The loop closing device has four test leads e The red lead for wire A e The black lead
48. ance 1 MQ to 5 MQ nnesesssennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 2 Resolution of Lx L value Measuring Voltage cccccccccsseeteceeeeeeeseeeeeeees DC or 11 Hz AC 100 V Test results EAE E E AEAEE EAA A ET AT Lx L RI AC Fault Location Interruption Measuring range up to 20 km Depends on cable type JA Ve eA AEE E AE E AAE E T han 2 0 2 nF Test FOSUITS megia an Lx L Ca E Cb E AC AC 18 10 sebak mr 18 4 Passive Bridge Insulation Resistance Measuring range ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeess 10 kQ to 300 MQ 10 KQ to10 000 MO Measuring voltage ccccececceeeeeeeeenneeeeeeeeeeeccnaeeeeeeeeeseeseneeeeeeess 100 V DC disturbing voltage compensation uuennssnssnneenneenneeneen Enabled Test results Resistance between wire a and wire b Rab wire a and GND wire b joined to GND RaE wire a and GND wire b joined to GND RbE AC DC voltages a b a E b E Accuracy 5 000 MQ to 10 000 MQ eneeeeseneneeenenenenennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnenene nennen 30 100 MR 10 5000 MOM cciecbesiee ken et 20 50 MQ to 100 MO ceccecccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 10 10 kQ to 50 MQ una 5 1kO Loop Resistance Measuring range cecceeceeceeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaes 10 to 10 KQ AGCCUIAC WF ina 228 Serenade eh etna Aa eaaa eo 0 3 0 3 Q Resistance Difference Loop resistance range urrssnnsennennnennnnnnnennnnnnnn
49. and RI To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type and press ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key and press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key Notice In case of short cables the calibration of test leads is recommended sebakmr 5 2 2 Loop Resistance Measurement 2 WIRE amp GND Test Procedure Select the RESISTANCE 2 WIRE amp GND mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears Of rd2 232 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 RESISTANCE 2 WIRE amp GND Eh ECFL30 ACTIVE BRIDGE Sensitive JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP The far ending of the tested pair should be joined manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode e Select the proper mode with the MODE F3 key e Start
50. available Using the T and J keys the L2 waveform can be vertically shifted Comparison in the L1 L2 mode In this mode the difference between the L1 and the L2 waveform is displayed Using this method the reflections caused by the common features of the two cables can be separated from reflections caused by cable faults This method is a convenient way to find close in faults as two similar cables may balance each other more accurately than one cable and the internal BALANCE control The BALANCE control is not operational The steps of measurement and the waveform evaluation are the same as the L1 amp L2 mode Storage of waveform The displayed waveforms can be stored with key STO F1 4 8 sebakmr 4 7 Comparison to Stored Result Waveforms stored in memory can be used for comparison of the cable conditions before and after a critical period or before and after a repair job The stored waveform and the recently obtained waveform can only be compared if the main parameters are the same As the main parameters are stored together with the waveform the actual measurement must be performed with the stored settings V 2 RANGE PULSE WIDTH GAIN Accordingly in this mode the controls of the above mentioned parameters are not operational There are two methods of comparison Comparison in L1 amp MEMORY mode In this mode the stored and the actually obtained waveforms are displayed together the stored waveform is blue
51. c charger discharger circuit providing the following functions e Battery capacity indication Charging process control Normal charging Fast charging Battery regeneration Battery initialization Protection against deep discharging These functions can be reached in MAIN MENU BATTERY MANAGER 10 1 Battery Capacity Indication The battery manager system continuously measures the battery state When KMK 8 is switched on battery information appears showing the actual state of battery in form 10 2 Normal Charging When the mains adapter is connected and the battery level sinks below 60 the automatic circuit starts normal charging with 0 1C C is the nominal capacity of the built in battery When the full charge is reached the control system automatically stops charging and the BATTERY LEVEL gt 95 indication appears The CHARGE indicator LED is lighted while the charging is in progress When full charge is reached the charger is automatically switched off and the CHARGE indicator LED goes out 10 1 sebakmr 10 3 Fast Charging When FAST CHARGING is selected in the BATTERY MANAGER MENU the battery is charged with a relatively high current 0 5 C for approx 2 to 3 hours during which the instrument can t be used In this mode after a short time the instrument is automatically switched off If temperature of the battery exceeds the environment by 10 C the charging is automatically finished The blinking of CHARGE indicator LED
52. ct a new cable type and press ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key and press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key Notice In case of short cables the calibration of test leads is recommended sebak mr 6 3 Insulation Resistance Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to measure the insulation resistance KMK 8 measures the insulation resistance accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line There are two measuring ranges up to 300 MO and up to 10 GO Measuring times e 3 x 20sec for the 300MO range e 3x35 sec for the 10 GO range The relatively long measuring time is necessary because of the capacitance of the measured cable Test Procedure Select the INSULATION RESISTANCE mode and press ENTER The measuring arrangement appears on the display 30 07 2010 08258 42 Batt INSULATION RESISTANCE JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP MEAS RANGE 300Mi J00M2 SLAVE The far endings of the tested pair have to be open e Select the required measuring range with pressing the 300MO F2 or 10GQ F3 key e Start the measurement with the START STOP key
53. d press ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key 6 9 sebakmr 6 6 DC Fault Location with 3 Point Method The purpose of the test is to find the location of the wire to ground insulation fault This test is applicable when the two wires of the pair have different gauges and only one of them is leaky The ratio of the good wire insulation to the leaky wire insulation must be at least 1000 The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of disturbing longitudinal AC voltages on the line For that measurement a third auxiliary wire is required between KMK 8 and the far end The resistance of auxiliary wire c has no effect on the accuracy The far endings of the tested pair should be joined to the wire c manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 The test arrangement M The 3 Point method requires three part measurements e Measurement 1 The generator Um is connected to wire A The result is MK1 Practically always 0 e Measurement 2 The bridge should be balanced when the generator Um is connected to the ground The result is MK2 e Measurement 3 The bridge should
54. dly done for a long time All the obtained waveforms are displayed together and so the intermittent faults are to be seen sebakmr 4 10 Obtaining the Missing V 2 The V 2 value can be determined in following cases e The length of the cable or the distance to a known point is known eg join box change of cable type etc e A sample of the same cable is available with a known length e The distance between two points is known Procedure when the distance to a known point is available e Connect the cable to the L1 sockets and obtain a waveform in L1 mode by setting the appropriate measuring range and a V 2 value around 100 m us e Place the cursor to the start point of the pulse reflected from the known place The displayed CURSOR position will be different from the distance to the known point e Stop the measurement with the START STOP key e Press the V 2 F3 key and the following display appears 2471172010 09 59 25 att7 gt 957 Mem 1007 HALF PROPAGATION VELOCITY yl mus WAVE VELOCITY IN CABLE Wes ee ge ACTUAL YALUE 100 0 meus 45 to 149 CALCULATION BY ENOWM DISTANCE EDIT c LIBR e Call the calculation page with the CURSOR F5 key sebakmT 13 09 2008 16 42 00 Batt gt 952 Mem 1007 CALCULATION BY KNOWN DISTANCE ENTER KNOWN DISTANCE DISTANCE TO CURSOR HT ACCEPTABLE 1004 to 3323 m e Using the numeric keys type in the known distance e Press the ENTER key and the
55. e pointer reaches a stable position While the key is pressed KMK 8 measures the disturbing DC voltage After releasing the key KMK8 performs a null correction compensating the effect of disturbing voltage The null point remains in the middle Set the pointer to the O point with the M balancing potentiometer Increase the gain gradually with key F3 and repeat the first two points until reaching the perfect balance The balance is perfect when the gain is 4 or 5 and the pointer stands on the O point with pressed and released F1 key as well The device performs numerous measurements per second The pointer shows the result of the last measurement When the line is too noisy the pointer is waving around a middle point and the reading is difficult The waving of pointer can be reduced by average calculation Five averaging times are provided 0 0 5 1 2 or 4 sec 0 no averaging The averaging time can be changed with keys F4 and F5 When the balancing is completed press ENTER and the results appear sebakmr Displayed Test Results e MK value Lx L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault 2Rx double wire resistance between the instrument and fault RI loop resistance FaE fault resistance DTS calculated of the cable parameters and RI DTF calculated of the cable parameters RI and Lx L To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type an
56. e tested cable In the opposite case the cable should be split into sections containing only one faulty point so as to measure them one by one The fault location can be disturbed when the fault resistance interconnects the faulty wire with a DC voltage source e g an active pair using DC voltage The applicable fault location method depends on the characteristics of cable fault In PRE MEASUREMENT S PAIR CONDITION survey mode KMK 8 provides an extremely useful help for the user to find the best method From the point of view of interference voltages the cable faults can be included into three groups e The AC interference voltages are low and the DC voltage isn t intermittent e The AC interference voltages are high but the DC voltage isn t intermittent e The AC and DC interference voltages are extremely high and intermittent KMK 8 offers three fault location methods for the above mentioned three groups e Active bridge when the interference voltages are low e Passive Wheatstone bridge when the interference voltages are high but moderately intermittent e End to End synchronic measurement when the interference voltages are extremely high and intermittent Graaf method 1 4 sebak mr 1 2 1 Active Bridge The active bridge provides quick comfortable very accurate and automatic measurements There are two measuring modes to select e Sensitive mode providing extremely accurate test results even if the measured fault re
57. ethods like Line break Repeated K pfm ller The measurement of parameters like Loop resistance Resistance difference Insulation resistance Cable capacity Capacitive unbalance AC DC voltage In passive bridge mode KMK 8 provides DC fault location methods like Murray K pfm ller 3 Point AC fault location methods like 1 2 K pfm ller Capacitive unbalance sebakmr End to End synchronous current measurement with e Graaf method using the DC interference voltages for fault location The measurement of parameters like e Loop resistance e Resistance difference e Insulation resistance KMK 8 provides remote control for far end devices like e KLC 8 loop closing device to close or open the loop during the measurement e g fault location with K pfm ller method e KMK 80S slave unit to measure the current at the far end in case of fault location with Graaf method sebak mr 1 2 Application Guide for Fault Location We are talking about cable fault when the insulation resistance of one or more pairs between wire and wire or between wire and ground becomes too low That usually occurs after strong rains wetting the insulation material in discrete points typically not along the whole cable During the trouble shooting the first task is to locate that points The name of this process is DC Fault Location Performing calculations KMK 8 always supposes that there is only one faulty point on th
58. ey e Press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key sebakmr 6 8 AC Fault Location with K pfm ller Method The K pfm ller method applicable when the two wires of the pair have the same gauge the same length are made of the same material and booth of them are leaky An accurate result can be obtained when the two K pfm ller conditions are fulfilled FaE FbE gt 100 x RI 0 5 gt FaE FbE gt 2 The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of disturbing longitudinal AC voltages on the line The K pfm ller method requires two part measurements Measurement 1 Performed with open loop The result is ML Measurement 2 Performed with closed loop The result is MK The Lx L value is calculated out of ML and MK sebakmr Test Procedure e Select the AC FAULT LOCATION KUPFMULLER METHOD e Press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears Rl 2 Rx Rl 2 Rx Start the first measurement pressing the START STOP key and after a few seconds the bridge is ready for balancing 2971172010 08 1 tepa Men 100 FIRST AC KUPFMULLER MEASUREMENT 40 60 50 100 MINIMUM DEFLECTION WITH SET M IF NECESSARY CHANGE THE WIRES WITH A B STORE THE ML VALUE WITH PRESSING ENTER GAITH 2 6 19 sebakmr Bridge Balancing Select the minimum gain with key F2 Set the pointer to the minimum point of the scale with the M balancing potentiometer The minimum point may be
59. fer from KMK 8 to USB flash drive 11 2 Result Transfer from USB flash drive to KMK 8 11 3 STATUS amp OPTIONS 0 ccsecseesesessscessnessnsnsaseeneenneenneennernee 12 1 UPGRADE KMK8U EXE uursnsrennnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nen 13 1 sebak mr DEMOPROGRAMM KMKB8D EXE uuunesusenennnnnnnnnnunnennnnnnnn 14 1 SETTINGS 2 2222 ar 15 1 LOOP CLOSING DEVICE KLC 8 unsnnnnasnnnnennnnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnn 16 1 INTELLIGENT SLAVE KMK 80S OPTIONAL 0010 17 1 SPECIFICATIONS 2 22 ea 18 3 General Specifications 0ursnnnnnennnnnennnnnnnnneennnnnnn 18 3 TOR een ae aires 18 5 Active Bridge erensia n a EAN 18 7 Passive Bridgesin ea r e i a ea 18 11 Pre Measurements ccececceeeeeeeeneeeeeenneeeeeeeeeeeeenaeeeeeeaes 18 15 QUICK Test ea an ea eE a 18 19 Quality Testisn ac Actes hac tae ae RAN 18 20 SCOPE OF DELIVERY AND OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES 19 1 sebakmMtT 1 INTRODUCTION This Operating Manual is intended to help the user in operating Cable Fault Locator KMK 8 explaining the operation rules While following the instructions as given below it is recommended to use the demo program found on the CD inside the carrying case Running the demo under WINDOWS will show you the front panel of the instrument with display and keyboard By clicking with the mouse on the keyboard the virtual KMK 8 will behave as the real
60. ff with the OFF key The red LOW BATTERY LED lights if the battery is down KMK 8 switches off automatically 4 hours after the latest remote control command The device is powered from four pieces of AA LR6 batteries The life of a battery set is around 1200 hours 17 2 18 SPECIFICATIONS 18 1 General Specifications Power supply Internal rechargeable NIMH battery pack Operation time eecceeecececeeeeeneeceeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeesnees approx 8 hours Without backlight Charging without taking the battery pack out From 100 to 240 V mains uusensseenennennn with mains adapter From 12 V Car battery eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeees with car adapter Charging time eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeseeeeeneeeseaeeteas less than 3 hours Fast charging mode Display 320 x 240 dot graphic LCD with backlight Connectors Connector for mains or 12V car adapter 2 1 5 5 mm coaxial L1 and L2 line connectors 4 mm banana sockets Ground connector useessensnennsennnennnenenennnen 4 mm banana socket USBAT sik ea yin at USB 1 1 host port for USB Stick FAT 16 file system supported USBB Ar area USB 1 1 device port to connect PC Device driver provided Over voltage protection at Ri gt 5 kQ Between a and b or ground 500 V DC 350 VAC Longitudinal voltage uu0442444444 HH nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nen 60 V AC Memory locations KIMIE E ee EE EAA
61. ge the easier to locate a fault The only drawback is two instruments are necessary working in Master Slave mode In that mode KMK 8 can communicate with another KMK 8 or with an intelligent slave device like the KMK 80S 1 5 sebakmr 1 3 General Features KMK 8 has a graphic display an easy to use menu system and a many sided help system providing extremely simple operation for the user The displayed test results can be stored in the internal memory of the instrument and transferred to PC KMK 8 has two USB ports for the transfer of test results e USB A host port for USB flash drive indirect transfer e USB B device port for PC connection direct transfer The indirect transfer is advantageous for the users who are not allowed to install special drivers to their PCs IMPORTANT NOTE For the time of measurements the PC should be disconnected High voltages on the line may interference the measurements or in the worst case destroy the instrument or the PC KMK 8 calculates the cable length and the distance to fault by means of the pre programmed or user defined cable parameters and the preset temperature KMK 8 is equipped with an internal rechargeable NiMH battery and a processor controlled automatic charger discharger circuit providing the following functions e Battery capacity indication e Charging process control Normal charging Fast charging Battery regeneration Battery initialization Protection against deep d
62. h E E EEE 30 sec For 5 km to 10 km cable length 2 444444444 nennen 60 sec For 10 km to 20 km cable length 444444 44er 90 sec DC disturbing voltage compensation unennenneeenneeennn Enabled Test results Resistance between wire a and wire b Rab wire a and GND wire b joined to GND RaE wire a and GND wire b joined to GND RbE AC DC voltages a b a E b E Accuracy 100 MO 10300 MO wv ua naar 5 10 MQkt0 T00 MO ice a idan didaladahatds 3 100 KOO TOMO en el 2 10k to 100 KO aa er a Ir 5 1kO Capacitance Measuring range 244s4444nnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nennen nn 10 nF to 2 10 uF ACCUIACY soi coh eS ae ce E T 2 0 2 nF Measuring voltage cccccceeeeesceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 11 Hz 100 V Test results Capacitance between wire a and wire b Cab wire aand GND wire b joined to GND CaE wire aand GND wire b joined to GND CbE 18 8 sebakmT Capacitive Balance Measuring range ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenteeeeeees 10 nF to 2000 nF Accuracy Of Lx L value eccecececeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeecenaeeeeeeeeeeneeaaes 0 2 Resolution Of Lx L value isseire ineine inian a 1 1000 Measuring voltage ccccecececeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeees 11 Hz 100 Vp Test results Capacitance between wire a and GND Ca E Capacitance between wire b and GND Cb
63. he measurement time depends on the cable length The proper range can be selected with the F2 to F4 keys e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the test results appear Displayed Test Results e Riso resistance between wire a and wire b e RaE resistance between wire a and GND wire b joined to GND e RbE resistance between wire b and GND wire a joined to GND e Vab VaE and VbE AC and DC measured disturbing voltages Calculation of Q km when the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key and press ENTER Notice The cheap and simple instruments can perform only 2 Pole measurements For the sake of comparison KMK 8 also provides the 2 Pole measuring mode To select that mode press 2 POLE F1 key The 2 Pole measurement is performed in the following arrangement Riso ey Fab a Fab a Fab RAE Fae FEL FaE FbEl FaE FbELL E gt E gt Riso Fab parallel with FaE FbE RAE FaE parallel with Fab FbE RBE FbE parallel with Fab FaE sebakmr 5 3 Capacitance Measurements The active bridge of KMK 8 provides several capacitance measuring modes like 2 WIRE mode for the measurement of Cm mutual capacitance between wire a and wire b in the following arrangement Cm a b Ca b Ca E 2 WIRE amp GND mode for capacitance measurement according to
64. in is 4 or 5 and the pointer stands on the O point with pressed and released F1 key as well The device performs numerous measurements per second The pointer shows the result of the last measurement When the line is too noisy the pointer is waving around a middle point and the reading is difficult The waving of pointer can be reduced by average calculation Five averaging times are provided 0 0 5 1 2 or 4 sec Zero means no averaging The averaging time can be changed with keys F4 and F5 When the balancing is completed press ENTER and the results appear Displayed Test Results MK value RI Ra Rb loop resistance Ra and Rb Ra and Rb is calculated as RI 2 AR Ra Rb resistance difference 2 AR RI resistance difference in percents To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key Notice The difference between the wire resistances of a pair is usually small compared to the wire resistances KMK 8 has to measure the small difference of high resistances therefore the calibration of test leads is recommended sebak mr 6 5 DC Fault Location with MURRAY Method The Murray method applicable when the two wires of the pair have the same gauge the same length are made of the same material and only one of them is leaky To provide the specified accuracy the good wire s insulation resistance between wire and ground must be at least 1000 times greater then the faulty wire s insulation resistance between wire and ground
65. indicates that the process is in progress When the charging is completed the charge indicator goes out and the instrument stays switched off Switching the instrument on during the process Information can be obtained about the current battery The process can be aborted by pressing the ABORT F3 key 10 4 Regenerating Charge Process In this mode the battery is discharged and fast charged The instrument can t be used during this process To start regenerating process e Enter MAIN MENU BATTERY MANAGER e Select the REGENERATING option and press ENTER In the first phase discharging message is displayed In the second phase the instrument is automatically switched off and the charge indicator LED is blinking The process can be interrupted with the ABORT F3 key 10 5 Initial Charging The initialization is the first charging of battery It is necessary when the INITIAL CHARGING RECOMMENDED warning appears The same process is required when the battery is replaced The process can be started with the START STOP key During the 2 to 3 hour process the battery state measuring system will be calibrated The initial process can be skipped or interrupted but in these cases always the BATTERY LEVEL IS UNKNOWN battery charging level indication appears when the instrument is switched on Therefore the skipping or interruption of the process is not recommended DO NOT CHARGE THE BATTERIES WHEN THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IS BELOW 5 C
66. ischarging The battery can be charged from mains or from 12V car battery or using a 100 240 V AC charger 1 6 2 KEYBOARD SOCKETS AND LEDS 1 02 2011 083 20338 MAIN MENU MANUAL MEASUREMENTS ACTIVE BRIDGE PASSIVE BRIDGE PRE MEASUREMENTS MEAS SEQUENCE QUICK TEST QUALITY TEST OTHERS HELE MENU ih mol STORED RESULTS CABLE LIBRARY BATTERY MANAGER SETTINGS STATUS amp OPTIONS eeessom FEE sebakMT KMK 8 CABLE FAULT LOCATOR SET Controls Switches the KMK 8 on and off The instrument has an automatic switch off feature to save battery life switch off takes place automatically 10 minutes after the latest keystroke see section 15 1 The function of the six Function keys depends on the active measuring mode Starts or stops the selected measurement sequence or process This key is intended to acknowledge a selected measurement mode or a new parameter or to carry out other changes These keys are intended to select the required measuring mode or to change a parameter These keys are intended to select the required option and to adjust the position of vertical line cursor This key is intended to enter a minus sign or to set a vertical maker in TDR mode This key can be used to cancel something This key is intended to call the help function This key can be used for LCD contrast adjustment This key can be used for the control of back light This key enters 0 or
67. key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key and press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key sebakmr 5 3 3 Capacitive Balance Measurement Test Procedure Select the CAPACITIVE BALANCE mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears The far endings of the tested pair should be open Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the disturbing voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode e Select the proper mode with the MODE F3 key e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the following results appear Displayed Test Results e Lx L relative capacitance rate Ca E wire capacitance Cb E wire capacitance AC Ca E Cb E capacitance difference AC 2 AC Ca E Cb E difference in percents 27 01 fen 1109126249 atterdon Mem 100 CAPACITIVE BALANCE BETWEEN Ca E AND Cb E ECFL30 ACTIVE BRIDGE Sensitive Lx L 6 9839 Ch E Ca E Ca E 310 nF Cb E 305 OnF AC 5 000nF A4C 1 6 sebakmr 5 4 DC Fault Location with MURRAY Method The Murray method applicable when the two wires of the pair have the same gauge the same length are made of the
68. length of the cable press the LENGTH F5 key type in the length value and press ENTER 5 23 sebakmT 5 9 AC Fault Location with repeated KUPFMULLER method The process of the measurement is similar to DC method The only difference is the measuring voltage is 11 Hz AC instead of DC The AC method provides accurate test result in case of changing electrolytic voltages Select the AC REPEATED KUPFMULLER mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears 5 24 2371172010 0 1 gt 95 _ Mem 100 REPEATED AC KUPFHULLER METHOD E Ex Riez Ex C ECFL30 RV2 Rx ACTIVE A BRIDGE Sensitive E JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP Start the first measurement pressing the START STOP key sebakmr 6 PASSIVE BRIDGE 6 1 Principles of Operation In PASSIVE BRIDGE mode KMK8 applies the classic Wheatstone bridge arrangement consisting of fix and variable resistors generator and null indicator e The generator produces 100 V DC or 100 Vp 11 Hz AC e The null indicator contains a 11 Hz low pass filter e The variable resistor is a high precision potentiometer Helipot The passive bridge of KMK 8 can be manually balanced by means of the Helipot like it is usual at the conventional bridges but the reading of potentiometer resistance is electronic That solution combines the good features of conventional bridges with the comfort of micr
69. lly performed independently of the results of voltage measurement but in case of high voltage indication a repeated measurement is recommended The resistance measurement is performed twice first without and after with measuring voltage The double measuring method provides accurate result because the effect of disturbing DC voltage can be compensated 5 2 1 Loop Resistance Measurement 2 WIRE Test Procedure Select the RESISTANCE 2 WIRE mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears attira Mem 100 31 40 EB RESISTANCE 2 WIRE ECFL30 ACTIVE BRIDGE Sensitive JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP The far ending of the tested pair should be joined manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 5 2 sebakmr Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode e Select the proper mode with the MODE F3 key e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the test results appear Displayed Test Results e Loop resistance RI Ra and Rb Ra and Rb is calculated as RI 2 e Cable length calculated of cable parameters
70. measurement of pairs which are not affected by interference volatges The measuring range is 10 KQ to 300 MQ Test Procedure e Open the far endings of a and b wires e Select PRE MEASUREMENTS INSULATION RESISTANCE mode and Press ENTER The measurement starts automatically KMK 8 measures continuously until stopping the measurement with the START STOP key 1703 2008 18 DE a eat 95 Meme 100 CONTINOUS PRE MEASUREM INSULATION RESISTANCE BETWEEN A AND E 16 100 10M ix 100k 10k Riso gt 1 68M2 OPEN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES MEASURING IN PROGRESS 8 5 sebak mr 85 DC Current Measurement Purpose of the test is to measure the DC loop current Internal resistance 1 Ohm measuring range 3 pA to 1 A Test Procedure e Join the far endings of the tested pair manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 e Select the PRE MEASUREMENTS DC CURRENT mode and press ENTER The measurement starts automatically KMK 8 measures continuously until stopping the measurement with the START STOP key 2571172010 11 30 08 Batt gt 90 Men 100 PRE MEASUREMENT DC CURRENT BETWEEN A AND E DC 123uA MEASURING IN PROGRESS sebakmr 8 6 Cable Temperature Measurement The purpose of the test is to measure the temperature of a cable Test Procedure e Enter PRE MEASUREMTS CABLE TEMPERATURE mode e Plug the thermometer probe supplied as option into KMK 8 as shown on the display and put the p
71. measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the test results appear Displayed Test Results RI Ra Rb loop resistance AR Ra Rb resistance difference 2 AR RI in Ra and Rb calculated of RI and AR To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key sebakmr 5 2 4 Insulation Resistance Measurement The insulation resistance measurement is performed in the following arrangement Riso a Fab a Fab a Fab RaE gt rar FaE Fell FbEL RbE E gt E gt Riso Fab parallel with FaE FbE RaE Fab parallel with FaE RbE Fab parallel with FbE The physical resistances are marked as Fab FaE and FbE Test Procedure Select the INSULATION RESISTANCE mode and press ENTER The measuring arrangement appears on the display Of 236249 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 INSULATION RESISTANCE B T ECFL30 47 it Fi SLAVE ACTIVE A BRIDGE Sensitive JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP MEAS TIME 40s 10km 20km The far endings of the tested pair should be open sebakmr Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode e Select the proper mode with the MODE F5 key T
72. nge sssssssssssssrireserrrerrnnerirnnerirnnerinnnesennnenena 10 to 2000 nF Measuring voltage eeeeeeeeseeneeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetenaaees 11 Hz 100 V Test results Capacitance between wire a and wire b Cab wire aand GND wire b joined to GND CaE wire aand GND wire b joined to GND CbE ACCUIACY e aoa E E E enen cette aaa 2 200pF Capacitive Balance Measuring voltage steier snien dueri ennan e aniraa 11 Hz 100 V Test results niir Ca gt Cb or Cb gt Ca Lx L unbalance Resolution near en u AS 1 1000 18 20 sebakmr Loop resistance Measuring range 244s444 nennen nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn 10 to 10kQ ACCUIAC Yi ea range 0 3 0 1 Q Resistance difference Loop resistance range 22uuennsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nennen nn 1Qto5kO ACCUFACY energie 0 2 of loop resistance 0 2 Q Resolution nz aa rennen 1 1000 Testresulls an arstadenstesks ensleslnlakien Ra Rb ARO AR 18 21 sebakmr 19 SCOPE OF DELIVERY AND OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES Scope of delivery Cable fault locator KMK 8 Operating manual Short form operation instruction Calibration certificate PC control program Result transfer on CD Ground cable 2 wire test lead red black 2 wire test lead blue yellow Loop closing device KLC 8 Mains adapter AC 100 240V USB cable USB flash drive Battery pack built in Carrying case Options KMK 80S active remote controlled slave unit
73. nnnn 10 to 2000 nF Measuring voltage uuuu42244nennnnnnennnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnenn 11 Hz 100 V Test results Capacitance between wire aand GND Ca E wire b and GND Cb E ACCUIACY ER RAR Caden ee 2 200 pF 18 17 sebakmr Loop and wire resistance Measuring range 2444ennennnnennennnnennnnnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnann 10 to 10 kQ Test resultS ni m Loop resistance RI Resistance of wire a Ra Resistance of wire b Rb Warnings Events a lee Overloaded Intermittent 18 18 sebakmr 18 6 Quick Test Disturbing voltage Measuring range 0 0 ee eeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeteeeeeteeee up to 300 V DC 200 V AC Test results AC DC voltage between wire a and wire b wire a and GND wire b and GND ACCUIACY ee ghee ne ann normal Insulation resistance Measuring range 2444ennnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnn 10kQ to 300 MQ Measuring voltage 22444u44nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnann 100 V Measuring MIIE ereet raa ERRE 3 x 20 sec DC disturbing voltage CompensatiOn cccescceeestteeeeeeees Enabled Test results Resistance between wire a and wire b Rab wire a and GND wire b joined to GND RaE wire a and GND wire b joined to GND RbE Accuracy 100 MQ to 300 MQ 00 cccccccccccccccceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeess 20 50 MQ to 100 MD a r ra T a ta aa aaa a e a aia nn 10 10 KO to 50 Md sssssss
74. nnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnn 10 pAto 1A Measuring MOE ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaes Repeated measurements ACCURACY aaaea aE a Aara AaS aaa ae Gas dene iadaaa 1 bis 10 Temperature with Pt 1000 temperature probe Temperature range cceeeeceeecceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeess 20 to 60 C Resolution A re ee A E E ter 0 1 C ADIRE EA EE A ee recrer eerie cry err cree ENT 1 C 18 16 sebakmr Survey of Pair Condition Disturbing voltage Measuring range 0 00 ee eeeeeeeeetteeeeeeeeeeeteeee up to 300 V DC 200 V AC Test results AC DC voltage between wire a and wire b wire aand GND wire b and GND ACCUIACY ZERRERETTFEFEETTEFELFRETTEEFTETTSFRTRESTESEULTEFESCEFFFLERTRENFESRERFFEITE 3 1V Insulation Measuring range uunssnnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnennnnnnenn 10 kQ to 100 MQ Measuring voltage 2444s4444nnnennnnnnnennannnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnann 100 V DC disturbing voltage compensation 2uu222240nn seen Enabled Test resulls naar between wire aand GND FaE between wire b and GND FbE Accuracy 10 K0 106 50MQ oe tailed 5 1kO 50 MO to 100 MO inito inai denaii 10 DC voltage source Measuring range 1 eeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeteeeeeeeteeeeetnaeeeeeees up to 100 V DC Test resulis voltage source cascade with FaE Va E cascade with FbE Vb E Capacitance Measuring range 22uennennnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnennnn
75. nnnnnnnnn 10 to 5000 Q ACCUFACY o r O E A E EAA 0 2 of loop resistance 0 2 Q Resolution of Lx L Mk value Inrange AR lt 10 iren n AE E E AES 1 10000 In range ARSO Vena aa E E i 1 1000 EAEE E ee A E Mk RI Ra Rb ARQ AR 18 11 sebakmr DC Fault Location with Murray K pfm ller and 3 Point Methods Loop resistance range 22422444nsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennn 1 Qto 10 kO Fault resistance range cecceeeesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeseeeeeeeeeeneeees up to 100 MQ Accuracy of Lx L value R 2kQ Lx L 0 1 to 1 Fault resistance lt 1 MO teten ae 0 2 Fault resistance 1 MQ to 5 MQ ueeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 0 3 Fault resistance 5 MQ to 25 MQ essssnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 0 5 Fault resistance 25 MQ to 100 MQ nsesssnnnnsnnnnnennnnnnn 2 0 Resolution of M value uuuuuesenssenenennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnenenn 1 1000 Measuring voltage 2442444444Hnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnn 100 V Test results Murray Mk Lx L Rx 2Rx RI Ra Rb FaE or FbE K pfm ller ML Mk Lx L Rx 2Rx RI Ra Ro FaE and FbE 3 Point Mk1 Mk2 Mk3 Lx L Rx 2Rx RI Ra Ro FaE or FbE AC Fault Location with K pfm ller Method Loop resistance range 24224444snnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnen 1 Qto 10 kO Fault resistance range seiere i rni E E iR up to 25 MQ Accuracy of Lx L value R 2kQ Lx L 0 1 to
76. nnnnnnnnnnnennnnn 120 Ohm balanced Balance C ntrdl r r ee 50 to 270 Q Gain control Range u na cil AML ANA 0 to 90 dB SIEDS nn an een er A neesedeeel 6 dB step Distance dependent amplitude correction Smooth provided 18 6 sebak mr 18 3 Active Bridge Disturbing Voltage Measuring range DG Wollage nun anne een up to 300 V AG voltage 22 ers up to 200 V rms ACCur cY u davis A E A A 3 1 V Frequency range ccccccceeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeenaeees 15 to 300 Hz Input resistance 4242444400nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnen 2 MQ IKEIKE EA E TAT AC DC voltage between wire a and b wire a and GND wire b and GND Loop Resistance Measuring range ecccceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeecenaeeeeeeeeeseeeaees 10 to 10 kQ PACCUIAGCY ae ernennt ea A aaa A AR 0 3 0 1 Q Resistance Difference Loop resistance range 22222244nsnnennnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 10 to 5000 Q ACCUFACY tert 0 2 of loop resistance 0 2 Q Lx L value resolution uuu000000000eenenenenenennnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnn 1 1000 Lestresultsi Keen Lx L RI Ra Rb ARO AR 18 7 sebakmr Insulation Resistance Measuring range 224444444nnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 10 kQ to 300 MQ Measuring voltage 24444444snnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnn 100 V Measuring time Depends on cable length For lt 5 km cable lengt
77. nts produce S shaped reflections sebakmr Imple and double splits Splits and resplits produce cross talk split resplit Change of cable type mismatch The amplitudes of the reflected pulses are determined by the degree of impedance changes CHANGE CABLE 1 CABLE Taps tee joints A tap produces two pulses one at the beginning and the other at the end of the tap distance to tap length of tap i The troubleshooting may be difficult if the tested pair is tapped at many points In this case the test should be progressively done with moving from tap to tap sebakmr Load coils Load coils produce positive upward going reflections Generally TDR s can not see beyond the first loading coil For fault location beyond the loading coil the TDR should be connected to another point following the coil first loadcoil in N no reflection Wet section The presence of water causes a capacitance increase Therefore there are two pulses one from the beginning the other from the end of the wet section l Wet section Screen fault If the metallic screen of the cable is broken interrupted the position of the break can be located by connecting the test leads to the screen and to as many conductors as possible The screen must not be grounded sebakmT Loose contacts The loose contacts can be detected in LONG TIME modes In these modes measurements are repeate
78. o processor controlled circuits e The passive bridge measures accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages e The electronic reading of potentiometer provides quick and accurate calculation of fault location Lx L Applications DC Fault Location e Fault location with Murray Method e Fault location with 3 Point Method e Fault location with K pfm ller Method e Resistance difference measurement AC Fault Location e Fault location with K pfm ller Method e Capacitance balance measurement KMK 8 applies the generator and the null indicator also for resistance measurements like e Loop resistance measurement e Insulation resistance measurement 6 1 sebak mr 6 2 Loop Resistance Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to measure the loop resistance KMK 8 measures the loop resistance accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line Test Procedure Select the LOOP RESISTANCE mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears The far endings of the tested pair should be joined manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 e The measurement can be started with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the following results appears Displayed Test Results e Loop resistance RI Ra and Rb is calculated as RI 2 e Cable length calculated of cable parameters and RI To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Sele
79. ocity of electromagnetic waves in cable depends on e The permittivity of insulation material of cable e _ The presence and inductance of load coils The following units are regularly used to characterize a cable Half Propagation Velocity V 2 m us Velocity of Propagation VOP An _MAVE VELOCITY IN CABLE 100 The definition of VOP YOP LIGHT VELOCITY IN SPACE To change the unit of propagation velocity e Enter the GENERAL SETTINGS option of the MAIN MENU e Select the PV UNIT option and press ENTER The default value of V 2 is 100 m us To change it before starting the measurement press key V 2 F3 and then the following display appears 24 11 20 10 09 128258 Battr gt goa Mem 100 HALF PROPAGATION VELOCITY V 2 v2 HAVE VELOCITY IN CABLE mug ACTUAL VALUE 100 0 meus 45 to 149 CALCULATION BY ENOWN DISTANCE EDIT C LIBR sebak mr The new value can be set directly or recalled from the cable library To give a new value directly e Press the EDIT F2 key e Type in the required new value e Press ENTER To get the new a value from the cable library e Press the C LIBR F3 key e Select the required cable type e Press ENTER e By pressing ESC return to the measuring display If the propagation velocity is not known see section 7 3 Setting the Measuring Range After setting the V 2 value the next step is to select the shortest range covering the full cable length e Press the RA
80. port for USB flash drive Indirect transfer e USB B device port for PC connection direct transfer USB A port for USB flash drive KMK 8 can be connected to a USB flash drive via USB A interface The USB flash drive provides data transfer between a PC and KMK 8 without installing a special device driver to the PC Data is transferred to the KMK 8 folder of the fash drive This solution is advantageous for the user who does not have administrative right to install a special driver to his PC USB B port for PC connection KMK 8 can be connected to a PC via USB B interface When you first connect KMK 8 to a PC you need to install a device driver supplied with KMK 8 PC Control Program The ELQ30c exe control program provides the following features e Transfer and post processing of test results e Checking the HW and SW version and other features of KMK 8 e Transfer between PC and USB flash drive and vice versa IMPORTANT NOTES For the time of measurements the PC should be disconnected High voltages on the line may disturb the measurements or in the worst case destroy the instrument or the PC The USB data transfer is an option and can be used only if it is activated in KMK 8 sebak mr 11 1 Result Transfer from KMK 8 to USB flash drive e Plug the USB flash drive into the USB host Port of KMK 8 e Enter the MAIN MENU USB FLASH DRIVE option Doing so the DATA TRANSFER page appears 13 09 2008 15 53 16 Batt gt 95 Mem 99 DAT
81. r average calculation The minimum and maximum of Lx L value Histogram showing the distribution of Lx L values Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault 2Rx the double of wire resistance between the instrument and fault RI loop resistance DTS calculated of the cable parameters and RI DTF calculated of the cable parameters RI and Lx L To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key Evaluation by means of Histogram In case of low disturbing voltages the Lx L values calculated out of the results of part measurements may show remarkable dispersion and the user can t be sure that automatic average calculation produces really proper value Therefore a HISTOGRAMM is provided showing the dispersion of calculated part results The histogram presents the Lx L values along the horizontal axis e The width of bars is 7 of average value e The height of bars shows the prevalence of Lx L values e The bars used for the average calculation are black e The unused bars are grey At the evaluation of histogram the user should consider e The histogram of a perfect measurement is a black bar showing that the results of all part measurements were within a 3 5 range around the average e The histogram of a sufficient measurement is absolutely symmetrical but some results are in the neighboring bars around the average e The histogram of a doubtful measurement is generally unsymmetrical and the dispersion is irregular In that case the
82. rinting errors or shortcomings of this handbook SebaKMT also disclaim all responsibility for damage resulting directly or indirectly from the delivery supply or use of this matter sebakmr TERMS OF WARRANTY SebaKMT accept responsibility for a claim under warranty brought forward by a customer for a product sold by SebaKMT under the terms stated below SebaKMT warrant that at the time of delivery SebaKMT products are free from manufacturing or material defects which might considerably reduce their value or usability This warranty does not apply to faults in the software supplied During the period of warranty SebaKMT agree to repair faulty parts or replace them with new parts or parts as new with the same usability and life as new parts according to their choice SebaKMT reject all further claims under warranty in particular those from consequential damage Each component and product replaced in accordance with this warranty becomes the property of SebaKMT All warranty claims versus SebaKMT are hereby limited to a period of 12 months from the date of delivery Each component supplied by SebaKMT within the context of warranty will also be covered by this warranty for the remaining period of time but for 90 days at least Each measure to remedy a claim under warranty shall exclusively be carried out by SebaKMT or an authorized service station To register a claim under the provisions of this warranty the customer has to complain abou
83. robe near the cable e Wait a few minutes until the surface temperature of the probe reaches the cable temperature and start the measurement pressing the START STOP key Test Results e Cable Temperature TEMP KMK 8 is able to measure temperature within 20 C and 60 C The measured temperature can be stored by pressing the TEMP F3 key i e the temperature field of the subsequent loop resistant measurement or fault location measurement will be updated to this value 8 7 sebak mr 9 AUTOMATIC TEST SEQUENCES 9 1 Automatic Quick Test The purpose of the automatic quick test is to get rough estimate about the features of an unknown pair of wires Measuring time is 45 sec The list of measurements AC DC voltages e Between wire a and wire b e Between wire a and E GND e Between wire b and E GND Insulation resistance Maximum 300 MQ e Between wire a and wire b e Between wire a and E GND b connected to ground e Between wire b and E GND a connected to ground Capacitance e Between wire a and wire b e Between wire a and E GND b connected to ground e Between wire b and E GND a connected to ground Capacitive unbalance e Between Ca E and Cb E Test Procedure e Open the far endings of a and b wires e Select MEAS SEQUENCE QUICK TEST mode and Press ENTER and me ae following display ar 7 1 gt 99 Mem 007 AUTOMATIC QUICE TEST ZESE u CAPACITIVE Et Lx L JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO
84. s Ca E and Cb E provides information about the break or high unbalance of wires 4 Measurement of fault resistances and the voltages of disturbing DC sources These measurements are performed twice to see the intensity of fluctuation The fluctuation can be intensive if the shunt resistance or the disturbing voltage is strongly intermittent In that case the obtained results can be false 5 Loop resistance RI measurement 6 Checking the rate between the insulation and loop resistances If the rate is less than 100 the Fab warning appears 7 At last the resistance of wire a and wire b are measured Normally Ra Rb In case of resistive unbalance the recommended fault location method is 3 Point measurement with the passive bridge of KMK 8 sebakmr 8 2 AC DC Voltage Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to get quick information about the DC and AC interference voltages between the wires of the tested pair Test Procedure e Open the far endings of the tested pair e Select the PRE MEASUREMENTS AC DC VOLTAGE mode and press ENTER The measurement starts automatically KMK 8 measures continuously until stopping the measurement with the START STOP key 8 0972008 14354 04 Battirdonm Mems 100 CONTINOUS PRE MEASUREMENT AC DC VOLTAGE BETWEEN A AND E 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 30 100 DE 58 00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 AC 15 8U OPEN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES MEASURING IN PROGRESS SCALE The sensitivity
85. s ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Press ENTER To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key 6 21 sebak mr 6 9 Capacitive Balance Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to measure the balance between the ground capacitances Ca E and Cb E The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of disturbing longitudinal AC voltages on the line Test Procedure e Select the AC FAULT LOCATION CAPACITIVE BALANCE mode e Press ENTER and the measuring arrangement appears ACA The far endings of the tested pair have to be open e Select the required measuring range with pressing the AC lt 10 F2 or AC gt 10 F3 key e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement started the following display appears after a few seconds and the bridge is ready for balancing 23 71172010 08 16 31 trevor Hem 007 CAPACITIVE BALANCE BETWEEN Car AND Cb E 100 800 0 40 20 20 40 60 50 100 SET N DEFLECTION WITH H IF NECESSARY CHA THE WIRES WITH A B STORE THE ML VALUE ATH PRESSING ENTER GAIN 2 6 22 sebak mr Bridge Balancing e Select the minimum gain with key F2 e Set the pointer to the minimum poin
86. same material and only one of them is leaky To provide the specified accuracy the good wire s insulation resistance between wire and ground must be at least 1000 times greater then the faulty wire s insulation resistance between wire and ground The insulation resistance of the healthy wire must be higher than 10 MQ even if the fault resistance of the faulty wire is smaller than 10 kQ The measurement can be performed if the healthy and faulty wires are taken from different pairs That method can be applied when both wires of the faulty pair are wet but another healthy pair is available The two pairs must be in the same cable Test Procedure Select the MURRAY mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears B Rl 2 KMK 8 ACTIVE BRIDGE Rx Fag RI 2 Rx E The far ending of the tested pair should be joined manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 The faulty wire should be connected to socket A Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode e Select the proper mode with the MODE F3 key e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the following results appear sebak
87. sistances are very high But high AC interference voltages may overload the bridge indicator e Protected mode providing accurate test result even in the presence of medium level interference voltages if the fault resistances are not higher than 3 to 5 MOhm It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode 1 2 2 Passive Wheatstone Bridge The passive bridge is not sensitive for external AC interference voltages but its usage is not as comfortable as that of the active bridge Measuring methods like K pfm ller or Three point methods require two or three consecutive measurements Measuring error may occur if the level of DC interference voltage changes between the measurements 1 2 3 End to End Synchronic Measuring Method In the worst case due to high and intermittent AC and DC interference voltages neither the active nor the passive bridge can provide satisfactory result In that case the best tool is the improved version of Graaf method using the interference voltages for the measurement No other measuring voltage is added to it KMK 8 performs current measurements at the two ends of the tested cable at the same time and calculates the location of fault of the rate of currents That means The higher is the interference volta
88. ssssssnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 5 1kO Capacitance Measuring Tangosia eo e 10 to 2000 nF Measuring voltage sssssssssssrressrnreserrresirnnerernnesinnnerennnene 11 Hz 100 V Test results Capacitance between wire a and wire b Cab wire a and GND wire b joined to GND CaE wire a and GND wire b joined to GND CbE ACCUFACY nen Erei AAEE CE REAN R 2 200pF Capacitive Balance Measuring voltage ssessseseeseseiieesriserirrserinrserinrserinnseres 11 Hz 100 V Test results 2222200000 Ca gt Cb or Cb gt Ca Lx L unbalance mter ONION ON AIEEE E N aca E E ventana E E 1 1000 18 19 sebakmr 18 7 Quality Test Insulation resistance Measuring range uussr4snnneennnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnn 10kQ to 10 000 MQ Measuring voltage ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeetenaeeeetenaeeeeteaeeeeseaeeeeee 100 V Measuring time 240u444 444 eka ni E nn 3 x 35 sec DC disturbing voltage COMpPENSATION ccceeceeesteeeeeetteeeees Enabled Test results Resistance between wire a and wire b Rab wire aand GND wire b joined to GND RaE wire aand GND wire b joined to GND RbE Accuracy 5 000 MO to 10 000 MO enneeeeeennsnsnnnnnnssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnn 30 100 MO to 5 000 MO unnnessennsssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn 20 DOMO tO TOO MO ele hiss te lan be 10 TOKO tO SOMO trete ef 5 1kQ Capacitance Measuring ra
89. t ML sebakmr Before the second measurement the loop should be closed Close it manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 In case of manual control start the second measurement pressing the START STOP key and the bridge is ready for the second balancing 25 11 2010 08 14 07 treasa Mem 100 SECOND EUPFMULLER MEASUREMENT i 0 50 60 40 20 i 20 40 60 80 100 ON Vm CERRO DEFLECTION WITH HM IF NECESSARY CHANGE THE WIRES WITH A B STORE THE Mk VALUE WITH PRESSING ENTER GAIN 2 AVG his Ym OFF Balance the bridge again and press ENTER to store the result MK and to call the result display 6 16 sebakmr Displayed Test Results e ML and MK values Lx L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault 2Rx double wire resistance between the instrument and fault RI loop resistance FaE and FbE fault resistances DTS calculated of the cable parameters and RI DTF calculated of the cable parameters RI and Lx L To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type and press ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 k
90. t long way down the cable may be much smaller than a regular reflection from a nearby discontinuity A suitable method to distinguish regular and irregular reflections is to compare the faulty cable with a good one By using the L1 L2 method the regular reflections caused by the common features of the two pairs will be canceled but the reflections due to faults will remain unchanged In telephone cables there are several pairs of conductors The physical length of the pairs depends on their position in the cable The length is increasing with the distance of the layer from the center Consequently the physical length of pairs can be longer than the cable length and the propagation velocity V 2 may be different for different layers Therefore in case of comparative tests the two pairs compared should be in the same layer If there is more than one fault the first one may reflect so much from the pulse energy that the subsequent fault may not be seen Therefore having located and eliminated the first fault the cable section following the fault should be tested again 4 9 Typical Waveforms Open end series faults The reflection is a positive upward going pulse No reflected pulse from the far end Short circuit shunt fault The reflection is a negative downward going pulse No reflected pulse from the far end Capacitance network The reflection is negative downward going pulse Joints splices The joi
91. t of the scale with the M balancing potentiometer The minimum point may be on the negative or positive side of the scale e Press the 0 KORR F1 key to shift the pointer to the middle of the scale e Increase the gain gradually with key F3 and repeat the first three points until reaching the perfect balance The balance is perfect when the gain is 5 and the pointer stands on the minimum e When the balancing is completed press ENTER to store the result ML and to call the result display Displayed Test Results e ML value e Lx Lrate e Unbalance To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key Notice The result is calculated out of the measured ML value 6 23 sebak mr 7 END TO END SYNCHRONOUS MEASUREMENT The purpose of that measurement is fault location when due to high and intermittent disturbing voltages neither the active nor the passive bridge can provide satisfactory result In that case KMK 8 provides the improved version of Graaf method using the disturbing voltages itself for the measurement No other measuring voltage is added At that measuring mode two instruments are connected to the ends of the tested pair in MASTER SLAVE arrangement The two instruments perform current measurement at the same time and communicate over the tested pair The Master calculates the location of fault out of the rate of currents That means e The higher is the disturbing voltage the easier to locate a fault e That method can
92. t the defect in case of an immediately detectable fault within 10 days from the date of delivery This warranty does not apply to any fault or damage caused by exposing a product to conditions not in accordance with this specification by storing transporting or using it improperly or having it serviced or installed by a workshop not authorized by SebaKMT All responsibility is disclaimed for damage due to wear will of God or connection to foreign components For damage resulting from a violation of their duty to repair or re supply items SebaKMT can be made liable only in case of severe negligence or intention Any liability for slight negligence is disclaimed sebakmr CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 22 23 22 1 1 1 1 7 Applie tion nee een 1 1 1 2 Application Guide for Fault Location enne 1 4 1 2 1 Active Biidge 2 ce eae a eae 1 5 1 2 2 Passive Wheatstone Bridge cceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeneeeeees 1 5 1 2 3 End to End Synchronic Measuring Method 1 5 1 3 General Features cccitccediceceshceasdcecsneescstisnedsessesewssssnsnseesaeenanass 1 6 2 KEYBOARD SOCKETS AND LEDS uunsunenusnnannnnannnnnnnnnnnn 2 1 2 1 Connectors amp Balance Oontrols unseerssnsnnennnennnennnnnnnnn nn 2 4 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 0 ccsccssseeeeseeeesseeeeseeeeneeeenseeens 3 5 3 1 Start up and general rules cecceeceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeseneeeeaees 3 5
93. the cursor to the point to which the distance measurement is to be carried out The distance between these points is directly shown by the display sebakmr The Smoothing Function Because of the attenuation losses the reflection from a fault long way down the cable may be much smaller than a regular reflection from a nearby fault The amplitude display of near reflections can be reduced by the smoothing function as follows e Press the SMOOTH key e Select the required reduction with the TJ keys 4 5 Location of Cross Talk Points In XTALK mode one of the pairs is connected to the L1 sockets and the other one to the L2 sockets The measuring pulse is transmitted on L2 socket the reflected pulses are received on L1 This mode is typically used for locating splits and resplits The steps of measurement are similar for the L1 and L2 modes The BALANCE control is not operational in this mode The displayed waveforms can be stored with key STO F1 4 6 Comparison of Two Pairs The comparison is used to identify the differences between a known good cable and a faulty one There are two methods of comparison e L1 amp L2 mode e L1 L2 mode Comparison in the L1 amp L2 mode In the L1 amp L2 mode two waveforms are simultaneously displayed one for L1 and the other for L2 L2 is blue The steps of measurement are similar to the L1 and L2 modes For the evaluation of the two waveforms the CURSOR MARKER and ZOOM facilities are
94. the degree of the impedance change Distance to fault is displayed on the screen after the cursor is positioned to the start of the reflected fault pulse Application KMK 8 in Time Domain Reflectometer TDR mode can be used to locate several cabling problems like e Open ends Shorted conductors Water damage Screen fault interruption Loose connectors Crimp faults Simple or double split Branches Capacitance networks Unwanted loading coils Change of cable type In addition the KMK 8 can also be used to ascertain shipping damage of cable reels and for inventory management sebak mr Measuring Modes Test of a single pair L1 Transmission and reception of the test pulses over L1 this is the most frequently used basic mode of operation L2 The same as the L1 mode above but L2 is used instead of L1 Long time measurement L1 LONG TIME L1 mode measurements are repeatedly done for a long time All the obtained waveforms are displayed together and so the intermittent faults are to be seen L2 LONG TIME The same as L1 LONG TIME but L2 is used instead of L1 Location of cross talk points XTALK One of the pairs is connected to the L1 sockets and the other one to the L2 sockets The measuring pulse is transmitted via L2 and the reflected pulses are received via L1 This mode is typically used for locating simple or double split Comparison between two pairs L1 amp L2 this mode is the combination of the L1 and L2
95. the instrument and fault 2Rx the double of wire resistance between the instrument and fault RI loop resistance DTS calculated of the cable parameters and RI DTF calculated of the cable parameters RI and Lx L To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key 5 21 sebakmr Evaluation by means of Histogram In case of high disturbing voltages the Lx L values calculated out of the results of part measurements my show remarkable dispersion and the user can t be sure that automatic average calculation produces really proper value Therefore a HISTOGRAMM is provided showing the dispersion of calculated part results The histogram presents the Lx L values along the horizontal axis The width of bars is 7 of average value The height of bars shows the prevalence of Lx L values The bars used for the average calculation are black The unused bars are grey At the evaluation of histogram the user should consider e The histogram of a perfect measurement is a black bar showing that the results of all part measurements were within a 3 5 range around the average e The histogram of a sufficient measurement is absolutely symmetrical but some results are in the neighboring bars around the average e The histogram of a doubtful measurement is generally unsymmetrical and the dispersion is irregular In that case the measurement should be repeated with another wire combination e When the level of inteference voltage is too high the
96. the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the test results appear Displayed Test Results e RI Loop resistance e Ra Rb Wire resistances e RE Sheath resistance To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key sebak mr 5 2 3 Resistance Difference Measurement The difference between the wire resistances of a pair is usually small compared to the wire resistances KMK 8 has to measure the small difference of high resistances therefore the calibration of test leads is recommended Test Procedure Select the RESISTANCE DIFFERENCE mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears 30 07 2010 07 33 4 311 gt 95 Meme 100 RESISTANCE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Ea AND Rh E Eh ECFL 0 ACTIVE BRIDGE Sensitive JOIN THE FAR ENDINGS OF WIRES TO THE LOOP CLOSING DEVICE START THE MEASUREMENT WITH START STOP MODE This measurement is implemented as a Murray measurement The far ending of the tested pair should be joined manually or by means of the remote controllable loop closing device KLC 8 Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode e Select the proper mode with the MODE F3 key e Start the
97. ument automatically performs the second K pfm ller measurement When the second measurement is completed the following results appear 3070772010 07 5 Batti rao Mems 100 FAULT LOCATION EUPFMULLER METHOD ECFL30 ACTIVE BRIDGE Sensitive CABLE RI 265 6 0 50 40 Rx 21 08 0 TEMP 0 C 2Rx 42 16 0 Ra 132 8 0 DTS 1 011km Eh 132 8 0 DTF 160 4 m FaE 0 110 Fot 0 150 SAVE Displayed Test Results e Lx L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length e Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault e 2Rx the double of wire resistance between the instrument and fault e Rl loop resistance e FaE and FbE fault resistances e Ua E the voltage of a DC source connected serial to FaE or FbE These voltages show the short between the faulty and an active wire They are displayed only when their effect is not negligible e DTS calculated of the cable parameters and RI e DTF calculated of the cable parameters RI and Lx L To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type and press ENTER e Press ESC To change the cable temperature e Press the TEMP F4 key e Type in the temperature value and press ENTER Doing so KMK 8 automatically calculates the new values When the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Press ENTER Notice
98. whole histogram and the test results can be unacceptable In this case try to repeat the test in protected mode or with the passive bridge of KMK 8 Notice Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode The proper mode can be selected with the MODE F3 key 5 22 sebakmr 5 8 AC Fault Location with Interruption Measurement Test Procedure Select the INTERRUPTION mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears The far endings of the pair should be open e Start the measurement pressing the START STOP key Displayed Test Results e Lx L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length e Ca E wire capacitance between the instrument and fault e Cb E ground capacitance of wire b To save the test result press the SAVE F1 key Calculation of DTF when the cable parameters are known When the cable type is known the length DTS and the distance to fault DTF can be calculated of the measured capacitances e To enter or change the cable type press the C LIBR F6 key select a cable type and press ESC Calculation of DTF when the cable length is known The DTF can be calculated from the Lx L value when the length is known To enter the
99. wire a and GND e CbE capacitance and tan 5 between wire b and GND 24 1172010 12 00 33 Batt gt 35 Mem 100 CAPACITANCE 2 WIRE AND GND WITH in CIRCUIT B Sensitive Sa can f 4 ry Kr or Cm 101 5nF tand 0 0010 Car 151 0nF tang 0 0010 Cpe 152 0nF tand 0 0010 The cheap and simple instruments can perform only 2 Pole measurements For the sake of comparison KMK 8 also provides the 2 Pole evaluating mode For 2 Pole evaluations press the 2 POLE F2 key before starting the measurement 5 10 Displayed Test Results in 2 Pole mode e Cm capacitance and tan 5 between wire a and wire b CAE capacitance and tan 5 between wire a and GND CBE capacitance and tan 3 between wire b and GND 2471172010 12 33733 Batt gt 957 Men 100 CAPACITANCE 2 WIRE AND GND 2 POLE eee E epee 4 ry eee Cm 101 5nF tan amp 0 0010 tand 0 0010 To see the physical capacitances press the PHYS F3 key Displayed Test Results in Physical mode e Ca b capacitance and tan between wire a and wire b Ca E capacitance and tan 3 between wire a and GND Cb E capacitance and tan 5 between wire b and GND eqr 1172010 12 41 29 Batt gt 95 Mem 100 CAPACITANCE 2 WIRE AND GND PHYSICAL CAPACITANCES B Ca b SLAVE rH 5 Ca E Ch E Sensitive Ca b 51 50nF tanS 0 0010 Ch E 100 4nF tand 0 0030 Calculation of nF km when the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5
100. with the MODE F3 key e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the following results appear Displayed Test Result e Cm Mutual capacitance e tan 5 of mutual capacitance e DTS Cable length calculated of cable parameters To change the cable type e Press the C LIBR F6 key e Select a new cable type and press ENTER e Press ESC Calculation of nF km when the cable length is known e Press the LENGTH F5 key e Type in the length value and press ENTER For returning to the normal display e Press the LENGTH F5 key and press ENTER sebak mr 5 3 2 Capacitance Measurement 2 WIRE amp GND Test Procedure Select the CAPACITANCE 2 WIRE amp GND mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears B Ca b E RT Taa The far endings of the tested pair should be open Two measuring modes are provided Sensitive or Protected mode It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode When the disturbing voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode e Select the proper mode with the MODE F5 key e Start the measurement with the START STOP key Having the measurement completed the following results appear Displayed Test Results According to norm EN 50289 1 5 200 e Cm capacitance and tan 5 between wire a and wire b e CaE capacitance and tan 3 between

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