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1. However the user could change this to a free drainage condition The upper moisture condition is controlled by the simulated weather either evaporation or precipitation and cannot be changed by the user 8 7 0 Weather Simulation Screen Ave rage An nua l Air Tem pe ratures Tem ee E Precipitation Total Precip Potential Evap Solar Radiation Irrigation Info o w 15 0 Le D 12 5 10 0 Es 75 5 0 25 ear maa ma aa sa aa ma ma EE n ne ma id 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 25 250 27 300 325 350 375 Time Day of Year Maximum Daily Temperature Minimum Daily Temperature Estimated Daily Dew Point Cover 4 Weather Editor Simulation The weather simulation panel displays the results of the weather simulation for the site as individual graphs Each graph can be viewed by selecting the respective tab at the upper right side of the screen see circled tabs above The graphical libraries used in this program are from JFreeChart http www jfree org index html and the user is encouraged to visit the webpage http www jfree org jfreechart api javadoc index html for further information on the available graph options 36 7 1 Irrigation Info Tab Advanced Mode Only The Irrigation Info Irrigation Info is only displayed when the user is in the Advanced mode See Menu Option
2. Based on 2 5 cm 1 inch depth increments and 10 min time steps CALMIM calculates daily methane emissions on an areal basis for each individual cover g CH m dt The daily emissions are summed to provide annual totals for each cover and for the site as a whole for a typical annual cycle kg CH yr The climate related factors meteorology and soil microclimate are automatically accessed based on site location and the physical properties of the cover materials The CALMIM model is intended to be user friendly with a series of input boxes to enter basic information on the areas and properties of each daily intermediate and final cover material as well as the 96 surface area for each cover type with engineered gas recovery either vertical wells or horizontal collectors Unlike previous inventory models for landfill methane emissions CALMIM does not rely on a multi component first order kinetic or first order decay FOD model for methane generation based on the annual quantity and composition of landfilled waste Published literature over the last decade has indicated that on a site specific basis the previous reliance on first order kinetic models for landfill methane generation as a predictor for emissions needs to be replaced by an improved more scientifically robust methodology for the following reasons e The high uncertainty of theoretical first order kinetic models assuming homogeneous waste and hypothetical decomposition rates in
3. 54 b5 65 5 176 5 5 5 10 176 176 A SS an AR Sal BukDensity g cm3 amp EB SF amp F m FSF m mb m Pb b m Pb b m Pb B B 5r fase fase fase fase 12 1 12 12 1 12 12 SatConductivity kg m3 007108 0000176 0001760 0 000763 000137 Volunterc Moisture 33 kPa 001 0231 0 116 013 0276 223 02 0321 01264 030 0351 033 00 0071 01 033 0 276 0351 01 223 019 01 02 45 223 223 0351 0351 0351 0351 0351 0351 0351 Volumetic Moisture 1500 kPa 014 0019 004 014 0172 004 002 00 004 00 05 01102 01102 0172 0172 017 0172 0172 0172 0172 Beta Campbell 201 1021 1036 1420 1420 1420 1420 1420 1420 1420 1420 Total Porosity 33 kPa 01386 045 0402 042 0518 0474 044 532 048 0517 0 524 0 504 03 024 0564 0518 01524 0474 051 03 0564 0474 0474 01524 01524 01524 01524 01524 01524 524 Appendix C Geomembrane notes Average K a for a HDPE geomembrane is around 4 x 107 m sec Narejo and Memon 1995 Giroud and Badu Tweneboah 1992 For the geomembrane node 1 inch thick 2 54 cm the effective hydraulic conductivity is calculated by the following formula MISSING FORMULA Add reference list including references in text
4. 85 5 0 2 Longitude The longitude of the site is entered in this textbox East is entered as positive values and West longitudes are negative values For example the longitude for Sydney Australia 151 17 East would be entered as 151 28 and for Chicago IL USA 87 41 West would be 87 68 5 0 3 Site Waste Footprint This is the total area of the waste footprint in acres which represents the area of the site where waste is currently or has been historically deposited This is NOT the total size or permitted area of the landfill site 5 1 SWIS Database Search Q Search By entering a part of the name in the site name box and then by pressing Enter or the search button the program will attempt to locate the site in the California SWIS Solid Waste Information System database included with the CALMIM model http www calrecycle ca gov SWFAcilities Directory The model will display a pop up box Please Select SWIS Site CENTRAL MARIN l Select Site Cancel The user can select the site from the pull down box and then click on the Select Site button Select Site selectsite The program will automatically populate the corresponding text boxes with the latitude longitude and waste footprint if available in SWIS records The user will then be returned to the main wizard If none of the listed sites are the desired site please select Cancel and the program will return to the wizard A
5. Color A ee OK Cancel The Save as and Print functions will allow any particular graph to be saved or printed for future reference The graphical libraries used in this program are from JFreeChart http www jfree org index html and the user is encouraged to visit the webpage http www jfree org jfreechart api javadoc index html for further information on the available graph options surface CH4 Emissions Predicted Surface Methane Emissions for a Selected Cover Surface Methane Emissions with and without oxidation vs Time Re Ru I3 CT ma EI j Surface Flux q CH4 m2 day ds 30 da 100 123 150 173 200 225 250 dia 300 325 3530 3 5 Time Day of Year without oxidation with oxidation This graph displays the variable surface emissions 10 min time steps for a typical annual cycle 365 days both without methanotrophic methane oxidation black line and with methane oxidation red line included in the calculations CALMIM calculates these separately so that the effect of oxidation difference between the two plots can be readily seen on this graph This graph clearly shows the high variability in emissions calculated by the model as a result of the variable soil moisture and temperature within the cover soil and how this impacts both gaseous diffusion and microbial methane oxidation These variable impacts can be seen in additional detail in the following graphs Site Percent Oxidati
6. Save Site ni D Made b Options b EV About 1 Help y Ed Menu Options New Opens a new site Open Site Opens dialog box to open a previously saved site The CALMIM profile files are saved with a CMM extension Save Site Opens dialog box to save current site profile file CMM 14 Mode Menu LI New El Open site E cave site 1ame TE Mode Basic Options b Iv Advanced EY About Far T Help y u mber Pme herte This option allows the user to select the basic or advanced user levels The advanced mode is used to toggle whether the irrigation editor is displayed in the Weather display panel see Section 7 This is the sole feature that is automatically enabled or disabled with this option Other advanced options are discussed in Section 6 5 0 Site Properties Panel Site name l pones Site Latitude Site footprint acres Required information about the landfill site to be modeled is entered on this panel Inputs include a site name its latitude amp longitude and the area of the waste footprint All of this input information is required for each site 5 0 1 Latitude The latitude of the site is entered in this text box The latitude is positive for North of the equator and negative for locations South of the equator For example the latitude for Sydney Australia 33 55 South would be entered as 33 92 and for Chicago IL USA 41 51 North would be 442
7. Watson Lianne Endo Kia Young Mai Song Yang and David Hamrum Paul Roots and Tim Badger Please refer to the following journal articles and the project report for additional details Journal Articles 1 Spokas K and Bogner J Limits and Dynamics of Methane Oxidation in Landfill Cover Materials Waste Management 2010 in press 2 Bogner J Spokas K and Chanton J Seasonal Variability of CH4 CO and N O Emissions from Daily Intermediate and Final Cover Materials at Two California Landfills Environmental Science amp Technology 2010 in review 3 Spokas K Bogner J and Chanton J A new field validated inventory model for landfill CH emissions inclusive of seasonal soil microclimate and CH oxidation Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2010 submitted Project Report Bogner J Spokas K and Chanton J CALMIM CAlifornia Landfill Methane Inventory Model A New Field Validated Greenhouse Gas Inventory Methodology for Landfill Methane Emissions 2010 Report submitted to the California Energy Commission 2 0 Installation Guide This section will describe the installation of the CALMIM model CALMIM uses the Excelsior Installer from the JET family of Java pre compiler programs The program is distributed via a setup program CALMIM setup exe as shown below i CALMIM setup This program is available for download from http calmim Imem us or on a distribution CD available through the California En
8. field validation over a 2 yr period at two California landfills Marina and Scholl Canyon and limited field validation at 3 additional California landfills Lancaster Kirby Canyon Tri Cities through cooperation with an ongoing Waste Management Inc U S EPA project which is developing optical remote sensing ORS techniques for field measurement of emissions The project team consisted of e J Bogner Landfills Inc Wheaton IL and University of Illinois Chicago e K Spokas USDA ARS St Paul MN and e J Chanton Florida State University Tallahassee FL This project was supported by the California Energy Commission CEC Public Interest Energy Research PIER Program Grant No 500 05 039 G Franco Program Manager We gratefully acknowledge the support of Guido Franco PIER program manager and many individuals at the Los Angeles County Sanitation District the Monterey Regional Waste Management District the former California Integrated Waste Management Board now part of Calrecycles and the Air Resources Board ARB who generously shared their time provided critical reviews and facilitated data needs for this project In addition we are grateful to Waste Management Inc for sharing field data from their Lancaster Kirby Canyon and Tri Cities Landfills We also sincerely thank the following individuals for technical assistance with this project Martin duSaire Nancy Barbour Dean Peterson Chad Rollofson Tia Phan Lindsay
9. o ett qe cone ht not ern iei ot ro bn re Eon o HP e nel rp topo ne a te ae A Sr n a a a me de me EE am a ae me oa sa pame a ee je a mm a mm Sm an is mm mm hee mm um mG a a Sa hm a mm a a ms tm mm mG an a me am me oane Rm an a a is un mm em o me mmm an am ee il io oes om am sm Se a a A ns ee ee EE A eee EA A nn a ee a ce a EE N es te os tm Am ne ne a cs ee ETETETT ne ws re ee cs stn ol pe ne ce a i i ww ow bw ew ei er hee ine te ee le ee te oe ee we ee be J Depth inches n pl Ha Ged ha ha waa an bas nas op her he ae i re MH er ae ia had ma has M kas maand aa ma ad RA M M ka aa maa Ma BE had as 00 25 3 0 75 100 143 130 17 5 280 22 3 230 27 5 30 0 324 5 33 0 37 3 40 0 42 5 430 47 5 30 0 32 5 aal a o Node Oxidation 00 of time This graph illustrates the pe
10. California Landfill Methane Inventory Model CALMIM User Manual Draft Version June 2010 Table of Contents A EI T TUTTO UI 2 2 0 Installation 3 30 Mali SCF do AE ER ER EE EE EE EE EE 10 AONI WIZ po em 12 5 0 Site Properties Panel usen imei Po ESE a GEE GER MUN ERR N Ee FERE GNE 15 60 Cover Editor Panel ase 19 7 0 Weather Simulation Panel inside ee N ER ER ed EE ee os uos Ne EN GR ee el de Ee ee 35 SO FO RESU Se CON o RE EE EE N 38 ae olie E AE EE OE cd 51 1 0 Introduction CALMIM CAlifornia Landfill Methane Inventory Model is a field validated 1 dimensional transport and oxidation model that calculates annual methane emissions for individual California landfill sites based on the major processes that control emissions e Surface area and properties of the daily intermediate and final cover materials e The of surface area for each cover type with engineered gas recovery and e Seasonal methane oxidation in each cover type as controlled by climatic factors The driving force for emissions is the methane concentration gradient through each cover type coupled with dynamic soil moisture and temperature profiles which control methane transport and microbial methane oxidation rates over a typical annual cycle CALMIM is an IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier III methodology for methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites based on a validated higher quality model IPCC 2006
11. Cover with geomerbrane Water Balance Cover Vegetative Surface Water Balance Cover Rack Armored l U Move Layer Up l o Move Layer Down J SO N C Quee Add EUN QJ Remove Selected Layer Details for these final cover types are given in Table 6 1 below If the cover conditions deviate from these values each layer should be entered individually as discussed above rather than selecting the default design Table 6 1 Settings for Default Final Cover Types Layer CCR Title 27 Geosynthetic Clay Geosynthetic Cover Water Balance Water Balance without geomembrane with geomembrane Vegetation Surface rock armored Loam Loam Loam Loam Rocks Boulders 12 inches 12 inches 12 inches 12 inches 6 inches Clay Clay HDPE Silty Clay Loam Loam 12 inches 40 inches geomembrane 36 inches 12 inches 1 inch Silty Clay Silty Clay Loam Silty Clay Loam Silty Clay Loam Loam 12 inches 24 inches 36 inches 24 inches Vegetation 50 50 76 Notes indicates the required minimum thickness in the program 32 6 5 Custom boundary conditions If the Custom checkbox is selected the user can override the existing default boundary conditions for a given cover type daily intermediate or final See Appendix 1 The Custom Boundary Conditions button will be displayed in the cover editor panel as shown below Covert cover2 Cover Details Cover Edit
12. Update Avaliable D VO Ges Annual Landfill Methane Inventory Tool Rs EY view Introduction 3 Site Properties 723 m Y rA Field Validation When the user selects this button you will be taken to the main webpage for CALMIM distribution where the user can download and install the updated version Note IMPORTANT Please remove uninstall the current version before installing any updates This warning will also be displayed by the installer program Please see Installation Guide Section 2 for further information O RG 4 0 Main Wizard Window Sijeinformation Location Map Site name Q Search Panel Display SWIS number County Monterey Site Latitude Site Longitude Site waste footprint acres View World Map Cover Weather Editor Simulation Navigation Status Bar Back Button Next Button Current panel shown Menu displays the menu for the program which is described on the next page Back button Allows the user to navigate backwards in the wizard screens This button is enabled once the user has advanced to the next panel Cover Editor Next button Allows the user to move to the next panel in the wizard screens 13 Navigation status bar Displays the current page of the wizard in red as well as where the user is in the panel order Menu Menu LI gw E Open Site E
13. ast updated site model Field Validation gan Annual Landfill Methane Inventory Tool per EY view Introduction The main screen has five available options 1 View Introduction EF view Introduction This button will access a brief overview of the CALMIM model less detail than in Chapter 1 of this manual and references cited therein a Create a new site model 2 Create a new site model This button launches a new input wizard to collect information on the landfill site to be modeled This is the starting point for new sites and new users without previously saved profiles 3 Open an existing site model E open an existing site model This button opens a previous saved file See Chapter 4 4 Open the last updated site model R Open the last updated site model This button opens the last modeled site last run of the CALMIM model 5 Exit QJ ext This button will exit the program asa 3 1 Update availability EY caLmim Update Avaliable If the user has a connection to the internet an automatic check will be run each time CALMIM starts to determine if there is an update available If there is an update available an additional button will be displayed on the main menu as shown below ei np Galitomnia landi Methane Inventory Model Version 3 2 O Create a new site model R Open an existing site model R Open the last updated site model Annual Weather Z E CALMIM
14. aterial Thicknesstinicrmi 12 T Move Layer Up 9 Move Layer Down eo Add Layer Y Remove Selected Layer 27 28 wy Move Layer Lip 1 Move Layer Up This option is only functional with two or more layers This button moves the selected layer closer to the surface up v Move Layer Down 2 Move Layer Down This option is only functional with two or more layers This button moves the selected layer closer to the base of the cover down O Add Layer 3 Add Layer This option adds a new layer default layer is 6 inches of clay 4 Remove Selected Layer UY n This button removes the selected highlighted layer in the cover editor 29 6 2 2 Cover Layer Editor Once a layer is highlighted see Section 4 2 1 the layer editor becomes visible for that respective layer Note the title bar of the editor indicates which layer you are currently editing See circled area in figure below Cover Editar Lavertl surface Cover Material Thicknesstinicmy Rocks Pebbles wy Move Layer Up 5 Move Layer Down e Add Layer Y Remove Selected Layer Once the layer editor is enabled by highlighting the respective layer the user makes a selection among the 12 USDA soil texture classifications or among 21 other alternative choices through the pull down combo box The alternative choices are alternative daily cover ADC materials and non soil materials including
15. e 3 respective depths for the selected cover Air filled porosity changes as a function of the fluctuating soil moisture conditions d 46 Lo NodeOxygen 6 Oxygen Concentration within each Node Node Percent Oxygen vs Time HEL m ul em ww EE EE Em Ed mm Em EE EE EE je Em EE EE EE EE Ed EE EE EE Emm ma je me ml le my fn Ge mg rie mm Em EE me EE EE EE EE EE EE Es EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE Es Es Ee EE EE Es EE EE od EE EE EE EE mas he as me mde ae me ed rk deel hm mm am EE je EE EE EE Ee Em Ed EE EE EE Em Em ms mde mm a waa ets ad sit wa as as a ad bd waf d la aa i an t a ae i i soe var had Wa Mas va d ad ad pd me oe waa haal ed mns aa End ha ge mad ad vas as el ha Vas va aa waa qd va he B has ia ah ka ar hoe had ha as aas van aa had wa kaap nd E s dd os d ha M I and aa tal wa ad aa aa haa kam ha ad has GN re wa ha haa ad aa Gd aa aa wa hor hal ma haa haa i und A ga ea aas had Da as ka ha EG aa od abd i d haa bad was va as od ba mar A va o va ae aa Ka aa ha ng has b aa M IA l ul Node Oxygen 0 al O 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 Time Day of Year Bottom Mid Surface This graph illustrates the surface mid and bottom node results for soil gas oxygen concentrations V96 at these 3 respective depths for the selected cover This value is an indication of the aeration status of the cover soil as Mode CH4 without Ox Methane Concentration within each Node withou
16. e profile upper and lower temperatures o Atmospheric temperature Air temperature Fixed or simulated air temperature o Temperature at Cover Waste interface at top of refuse beneath the cover e Gas concentration profiles for methane CH o CH concentration in air at ground surface atmospheric CH o Soil gas CH concentration at Cover Waste interface at top of refuse beneath the cover e Gas concentration profile for oxygen O o O concentration in air at ground surface atmospheric O o Soil gas O concentration at Cover Waste interface at top of refuse beneath the cover e Maximum CH oxidation rate e Bottom moisture conditions o Saturated or free drainage 33 Temperature profile upper and lower temperatures The upper limit can be a user selected constant value User Selected or the variable air temperature from the weather simulation The latter is recommended The lower boundary is held constant at the designated set point Gas Concentrations The concentrations of methane and oxygen are both specified in percent by volume for the upper boundary concentration in atmosphere and the lower boundary soil gas concentration at the base of cover the cover waste interface Bottom Moisture Conditions The saturated condition at the bottom of the cover is the default boundary condition since the field state for the waste soil interface is typically saturated due to the high humidity of the landfill gas
17. ergy Commission PIER When the user double clicks the icon the following initial window is displayed YE CALMIM 4 2 Excelsior Installer Excelsior Installer will quide you through installation of the software on your computer Ta proceed click Next Install Back Cancel The user can use the Install button to use all program defaults for file location associations and directories or the user can use the Back and Next buttons to navigate through the installation wizard as described in the next section to customize the installation of the program 2 1 Installation Type On the first screen the user can select to install the program solely for the current user or for all the users of the computer system The default option is for all users to have access to this program This option is toggled by the associated buttons on the form Once the user has made the selection the Next button should be clicked to move to the next window of the installation wizard Y CALMIM 4 2 Excelsior Installer Installation type Choose installation type 2 2 Program File Location The next screen allows the user to alter the default file locations for the model directory default is shown in the Destination folder box The user can customize this selection by pressing the Browse button After the user has selected the directory for the folder the user should press the Next button for the next panel in the installat
18. geomembranes The model will display either the section of the textual triangle selected USDA soil types or a representative picture of the cover material selected See Appendix A for the physical properties default values for the various materials Layer Editor Currently editting Layer 5 SANDY LOAM dic TY LOAM ILOAM SAMD CLAY LOAM Rocks Pebbles Combo box for material selection is Shown expanded 30 After the material is selected for a particular layer the thickness of the layer should be specified with the pull down combo box as shown in the figure below The maximum thickness for an individual layer is 100 inches 254 cm Some of the specialized materials have a fixed thickness so the user will not be able to select a different value for thickness e g geomembranes Layer Editor Currently editting Layer 5 N Po Af Select a pre defined final cover Lr ai A do APE hs ES Dep Ein bem f ay Move Layer Up 9 Move Layer Down eo Add Layer Y Remove Selected Layer Combo box for thickness selection is shown expanded 6 4 Default California final cover types only for Final Cover When the user selects the Final cover type an additional pull down combo box is displayed with the 5 default California final cover types Cover Editar Default Covers Mone a ee Mone Layer SU ep Title 27 Design Geosynthetic Clay Cover without geomembrane Geosynthetic
19. heterogeneous landfill settings IPCC 2006 e The complexity of methane pathways at individual sites recovery emissions oxidation lateral migration internal storage where especially at sites with high rates of recovery modeled generation cannot be related to measured emissions Spokas et al 2006 Bogner and Spokas 2010 e The need for a methodology which can be field validated directly for emissions Note previous validation of first order kinetic models for inventory purposes was based on recovery not emissions e g Van Zanten and Scheepers 1994 Peer et al 1993 Scharff and Jacobs 2006 Thompson et al 2009 CALMIM is JAVA based freely available to users and is intended to be the first step in the development of improved science based field validated models for landfill methane emissions which can be applied internationally to calculate site specific emissions inclusive of seasonal methane oxidation The development of CALMIM during 2007 2010 included a review of the technical literature discussions with California state agencies regarding California landfill cover materials and gas recovery practices decisions regarding the CALMIM conceptual framework including use of existing globally validated U S Dept of Agriculture USDA models for climate and soil microclimate Global TempSIM Global RainSIM SOLARCALC STM intensive supporting laboratory studies addressing methane oxidation in California landfill cover soils
20. his button are described later section 6 5 6 1 2 Coverage Percentage EE EL EE ERES E 0 25 50 fo 100 This slider bar allows the user to specify the percentage of the waste footprint that this cover represents For example as shown in the figure below the percent coverage for different representative areas of the hypothetical landfill Daily Cover Area Final Cover Area Total L Total Landfill Footprint Foot Total Landfill Footprint 20 6 2 Coverage Coverage 6 1 1 Cover Properties a Organic matter slider bar EA Organic Matter EEEHEEEEEE EER Lowy High This selection controls the amount of organic material that the model uses for calculation of the soil properties see below High Organic material cover materials would be those amended with sewage sludge compost wood chips or other organic wastes This slider bar from Low to High represents a range of 0 to 5 organic matter b Gas Recovery System Information a OR OCC CE a CCCo occa naa If a gas recovery system is present the user should select the Gas Recovery checkbox which will enable the gas recovery slider bar as shown below 2 X Gas Recovery DION NOTE This percentage is NOT the estimated efficiency of the gas recovery system Instead this percentage represents only the areal coverage of any gas recovery system for a particular cover type The user should select the percent of the area for this cover type which has a ga
21. ion wizard Vr CALMIM 4 2 Excelsior Installer Destination folder Select destination Folder 2 3 File Extension Association The next panel allows the user to associate the CALMIM profile filenames with the CALMIM program This option is either enabled or disabled through the checkbox The advantage to this association is that if the profile filename is double clicked this will cause the computer to open the CALMIM model Selecting Next takes the user to the next panel Yn CALMIM 4 2 Excelsior Installer File extension associations Select File extensions you want to register 2 4 Installation Progress Window After the selections are made the program will be installed according to the selected preferences Yn CALMIM 4 2 Excelsior Installer Start installation View current settings Yn CALMIM 4 2 Excelsior Installer Instal 2 5 Installation Completed The following dialog box is shown once the installation is completed The user can immediately start the model by leaving the checkbox enabled ICALMIM 4 2 Excelsior Installer Installation completed im CALMIM 4 2 has been successfully installed on your EMI P Heg B computer Click Finish to complete setup CEN ae j j i 7 V Start CALMIM Cancel 10 3 0 Main Screen CALMIM Galifornia esi Methane Inventory Model Version 4 2 A Create a new site model R Open an existing site model R Open the l
22. is the currently selected cover OK Cancel The name of the selected cover will appear in the dialog box in place of Interemdiate1 in the example dialog above 6 2 Cover Details Section of Panel Cover Details Cover Type O Daily Intermediate 8 Final F3 Custom kd Covera B or pea Jr dl I l I EE l I 50 Ey EE EE ie Cover Properties WEHEEEWEWAHEWHEWZHE Organic Matter Low High 2 m 338 Recovery quem qmm I tt I z vegetation Present I ot tod d tod dp 6 1 1 Cover Type Cover Type Daily Intermediate 8 Final Custom These 3 buttons allow the user to select the basic cover type Please note that this selection determines default boundary gas concentrations default temperature profiles and maximum methane oxidation rate for each cover type See Appendix A There is also the selection for a Custom cover type which is selected by checking the Custom checkbox Cover Type O Daily Intermediate 8 Final 24 When the custom cover type is selected the model displays the Custom boundary conditions button Cover Details Cover Type C Daily Intermediate Final DE custom Covera e l s b a l al mE ie ef ee sl ml 50 DO 25 50 pa 100 Cover Properties F Organic Matter EEEEEEEEEEEEEER ER Low High A AH EE EE F3 Gas Recovery S a aay m Vegetation Present A Custom Baundary Conditions The features of t
23. of these graphs will be described individually in the following pages The user can navigate through the various cover types by selecting the corresponding tab along the top of the screen panel In addition there is a Site Report tab which summarizes the results for the site In addition the left mouse button can be used to click and drag in order to zoom in on an area of interest as shown below here the highlighted region purple blue is being zoomed to the size of the graph at the right after release of the left mouse button New Cover Site Report Surface Methane Emissions with and without oxidation vs Time Ste CH erasa Node Temperature Node Moesture Node Air Filed Porosity Surface Methane Emissions with and without oxidation vs Time Surface Flux 9 CH4 m2 day Time Day of Year 5 100 105 110 115 1 Time Day of Year without oxidation wit xidatior 39 For each of the graphs when the mouse is on the graph the user can press the right mouse button to display an option menu for the figure Properties Copy Save as Print oom In b Zoom Qut F Auto Rande P Selecting Properties brings up the properties screen where the user can change and alter the appearance of the graphs Ghart Properties Tite Plot Other General Show Title xc Text Surface Methane Emissions with and without oxidation vs Time Font TahomaBold20 Cd Steet
24. on site Oxidation Predicted Percent Oxidation for this Particular Cover Site Percent Oxidation vs Time 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 Time Percent Oxidation This graph illustrates the calculated percent oxidation as a result of the variable temperature and soil moisture conditions in the landfill cover materials The percent oxidation is calculated from the difference between the two methane emission plots with and without oxidation shown above This graph plots the percent of emissions at each time step without oxidation which is represented by the emissions at that time step with oxidation Thus this graph shows the net total effect of comparing surface emission values with and without oxidation aso Node Temperature predicted Temperature of each Node Node Soil Temperature vs Time HE n ul aa ef eee pvo cov sm cil pat se vos Her proe vanvan voe pan hoe aas operc m SEE LLL ELLO HE ul e HE m ul HEL a e Temperature C MM Wee mm med mm EE EE EE EE dem EE EE EE Ee Es EE he me ee me EE a om ee ad oe as aas om oes oar vae eel sr EH PE HE EE THEE EE HEEL EET DON NN FA AU HH HAU HEESE PEER ESE SEE EE SEE BOE EE SEE SEE EE SEER EERS SERE EERS EE EE SEER ESE EES EES GEE ee EE EES SEE A EE e Te uud TRI I f i i HA e m Peri ee Het m eee pe Lr brs el eoe cord omi i om mi gr oni ee ud ji Sr n br ges rc on Jl vei rs Sd e en eo req el ego eio An HE epo
25. or Cover Type Daily Intermediate Final Peccccsssccsnscssncces Y Covera e I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 50 DEL 25 50 765 100 Cover Properties C3 Organic Matter aa Default Covers f None N Low High 3 Layer 1 surface Cover Material Thicknesstinicrm E I I I I I I I I 1 it I 1 SANDY LOAM 12 Gas Recovery 2 SANDY CLAY G A Vegetation Present wy Move LayerUp y Move Layer Down g P f A Custom Boundary Conditions O Add Layer Y Remove Selected Layer l a F Add New Cover Y Remove Current Cover 100 of site covered When the user clicks on the Custom Boundary Conditions button the dialog box below is displayed Temperature Constraints Upper O User Selected Default calculated surface air temp Lower Boundary 25 Gas Concentration Constraints CH4 gt Upper Boundary 0 0002 Lower Boundary 100 02 gt Upper Boundary 20 0 Lower Boundary 5 0 Maximum Methane Oxidation Rate ug CH4 g soiliday 400 Bottom Moisture Conditions No flux into bottom Free Drainage 9 Saturated conditions at bottom Upper Boundary MEME Atmosphere EDD EI Covel soil SO OUI Lower Boundary Waste Interface f Apply Cancel These options allow the user to change the boundary conditions for the modeling including e Temperatur
26. pear as a tab as shown in the figure below 20 21 Cover Details Cover Editor Cover Type Daily C Intermediate 8 Final F3 Custom Covera e imme Jura s sd aes et 10g ot pascal ac heel 50 SS 25 50 75 100 Cover Properties Organic Matter Elite m mE Default Covers Mone Low High Gans Laver 1 surface Cover Material Thicknesstinferm gt II I III pea fol em i 1 SANDY LOAM 12 O 0as Reto SANDY CLAY Be C pp Vegetation Present ww Move Layer Up 5 Move Layer Down o Add Layer UY Remove Selected Layer o Add New Cover Y Remove Current Cover 100 of site covered The user can switch between cover types by clicking on the respective tabs for the various covers Renaming Cover Tabs By double clicking on the tabs the user can rename the various cover tabs This will highlight the tab to allow a new cover name to be entered Upto 10 different covers can be entered per model run Mew Cover ntermediate1 Cover Details UY Remove Current Cover Remove Current Cover This button will remove the currently selected cover tab The model will not allow the user to delete the last tab as one model tab is required for the model to run Before deleting any cover the model will confirm the delete with the user using the dialog box shown below a Continn Cover Removal Are vou sure you want ta delete Intermediate 1 which
27. rcentage of time over an annual cycle that each node over the total depth of a selected cover is capable of oxidizing methane Appendix A Default boundary conditions for different cover types Table A1 Default conditions for selected cover types Cover Type Lower Temperature Boundary Lower Methane Boundary Lower Oxygen Boundary Condition Condition Condition C 96 vol 96 vol Daily 25 0 30 5 Intermediate 35 45 1 Final 40 55 0 Sail Materials SAND SANDY CLAY LOAMY SAND SANDY LOAM SILTY LOAM LOAM SANDY CLAY LOAM SILTY AY LOAM AY LOAM SILTY CLAY LAY SILT Racks Pebbles Rocks Bouldes age ADC Foundy Sands ADCDredped Materials ADCAsh ADC Contaminated Sais clay ADC Contaminated Sails sand ADC Contaminated Soils general loam ADCTire Shed small lt 2 in 50 mm ADCTire Shed lage gt 2in 60mm ADCWood hips al ADCsludge ADC Energy Resource Exploration and Production Wastes ADC Compested Organic Materials Mns Met Geomembrane HDPE Geomembrane LDPE Geomembare DP Geotextile woven ADCSpray Applied Cement Products ADCSpray Applied Foams ADCTemporary Tap Sandi 86 86 8274 656 218 429 601 9 47 93 10 1 86 6 1 Appendix B Default Material Properties in Model Sit 306 306 966 25 627 35 113 5 33 Ba SR DO bd OAR UH Cay A 33 33 16 119 55 176 286 E 4681 65 54 33 13 5
28. rresponding waste footprint site footprint before continuing to the next panel d 19 L 6 0 Cover Editor Panel CALMIMYV 4 2 Cover Details Cover Editor Cover Type Daily Intermediate Final 1 custom ERAS EE 25 50 TE 100 Cover Properties Organic Matter SEEESEE EEE SEEEEESESE i Default Covers Low High Layer 1 surface Cover Material Thicknesstinfem Gas Recovery b ee EEESENEIEENZIES 1 SANDY LOAM 12 l 25 50 75 100 2 SANDY CLAY C 0 A Vegetation Present PR U 5 50 75 29 r5 100 4 Move Layer Up d Move Layer Down EP add Layer Y Remove Selected Layer O Add New Cover 9 Remove Current Cover 100 of site covered Site Properties D Cover Properties Weather Simulation This panel allows the user to customize up to 10 different covers for any site 6 1 Cover Tabs There are two main buttons to add or delete covers from the model e Add New Cover Y Remove Current Cover 50 of site covered eo Add New Cover 1 Add New Cover button The user should use this button to add a new cover to the model The program will prompt the user for a name for the cover as shown below New over Enter a name far the new cover IO OK Carcel The name should be descriptive enough for the user to identify the cover in the output for example Intermediate1 or similar This new cover will then ap
29. rt APE co bn ped pen nee Pt es rte Pe ar bs PET MR etd hn et rs eap i vele e ef i pef ven Di EL eoo d ri q eer io hy res equ ege ied ER ad a ori jm n e a ope dej qua Pete eo Md ood Poo so Jn vf ek epe nd eed eet q RB Rh ee ego Bo EE eet fd Sat i ieee te rere chet Rd Peers eet irl FI EDE PA sf ose eii ime RE Er Ee iml gr ees ns fsb Song FRED HE Wl sro Wed Pry OE AR s e erit emu srs i etfs AE ea ll ei DEE pl redes e does PAN sr fr mte mi a Sin qui m eon a eve m og ocn en mta sooo RA gr ens PER ARE SN pi ets LO eel gt se erp EE 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 Time Day of Year Bottom Mid Surface Air Temp ds 350 3 2 This graph illustrates the surface mid and bottom node soil temperatures at these 3 respective depths for the selected cover Ass Made Moisture EI Predicted Soil Moisture volumetric of each Node Node Soil Moisture vs Time Volumetric Moisture cm3 cm3 a E a 0 00 l l i 25 a fo 100 125 150 175 20 225 250 2 2 300 325 320 375 Time Day of Year This graph display the surface mid and bottom node results for volumetric soil moisture at these 3 respective depths for the selected cover as Predicted Air Filled Porosity of each Node Mode Air Filed Porosit 350 a a 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 Time Bottom Mid Surface This graph illustrates the surface mid and bottom node alterations in air filled porosity at thes
30. s Section 4 The irrigation tab allows the user to enter monthly irrigation totals in mm of water for sites where irrigation is practiced GCALMIM V A2 Temperature A ARNING Adjusting these values can lead to instability in modeling Values are in mm of water WARNING Precipitation Total Precip Potential Evap Solar Radiation Irrigation Info January 128 70 0 00 July 1 10 0 00 February 111 87 0 00 August 1 33 0 00 March 88 68 0 00 September 10 50 0 00 April 36 84 10 00 October 26 52 0 00 May 18 84 0 00 November 58 88 0 00 June 3 92 0 00 December 108 46 0 00 Generate New Precipitation Data Apply Changes The user should input the total monthly amounts of irrigation water in mm of water for the month in the respective textbox and then select Apply Changes to apply the new irrigation amounts The model will display the new monthly totals and highlight in green those which were updated The other button Generate New Precipitation Data will erase the previous irrigation data so that the user can generate a new set of precipitation data This should be selected if the user made a serious mistake in entering data and wants to start over 7 0 Model Calculation Screen While the model is calculating the following screen is displayed Progress an Current Cover Model Running Please Wai
31. s Time a e EET EETL EE EE ED DEE ETE EE TEE EE EERS VETTE NEE EDS DIT TR EE IERE RE DEE ET VETTE ETD II N TO st TT El ceo EX AAA EE OD N FHWA AER A OR Oe A AA A A A AAA A II A AAA a se a sae ae ANI IA a MEN E J J A 1 MI A Po 1 h hO 1 1 NR N E ul HATTE ITI HII IIO LIII Id d Y J JJ NN N UR EIEN IE N N El I MIRRE HE OOND NON 1 du mu SN NN ee Methane Oxidation g m2 day a e Ly en A EE RB eme pr NIE GE NE LR EE em pm E Pa O 20 530 PO 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 2 5 300 325 350 3 5 Time Day of Year Bottom Mid Surface This graph illustrates the total methane oxidation rate per node in units of g CH m day at the same 3 respective depths for the selected cover Note that this is calculated separately for each node and is NOT the methane surface emissions d s0 t Depth Pr Depth Profile of Methane Oxidation Node Oxidation Time vs Depth AAOoO A ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee pe ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee pe ee ee ep TE re Sg inne St nef a irae bt rp p es ape me a ue nk een ed ee ess es eg tne set A gg e a bet Sst Qu nr at p ed ws IR eel be P og v t eot em Ho Is Meare Nisa i Uis tm tem ed er Hi en ws o A pcp en Mr rl wo RE oe ron p
32. s recovery system in place vertical wells horizontal collectors or combination Some examples are given below ToLFG System 33 Gas Recovery Coverage 10096 Gas Recovery Coverage ToLFG System 50 Gas Recovery Coverage c Vegetation Present ee EE EE I NE TE TEM SUR f vegetation Present If there is vegetation present on the cover type then the user should select the Vegetation Present checkbox which will enable the vegetation present scroll bar p i vegetation Present EED ETE veg N 25 50 T5 100 The user should use the scroll bar to enter the approximate average annual vegetation coverage for this cover type This is an estimate of the percentage of the surface area which is typically covered by vegetation 6 2 Cover Editor Cover Editar Laver surface Cover Material Thicknesstinicim 1 CLAY 12 ar Move Layer Up v Move Layer Down e Add Layer J Remove Selected Layer 6 2 1 Highlighting a layer in the cover editor To highlight a layer Position the mouse over any element layer number cover material or thickness and press the mouse button The selected layer will be highlighted in blue as shown in the figure below layer 2 gt 6 inch sand layer is selected Cover Editor Layer Editar Currently editting Layer 2 n selecta pre defined final cover gt t SAND wv a Depth Gin 15 0 cm Lavyer surface Cover M
33. t 21 complete Time Remaining 46 1 seconds Overall Progress Cover 1 aut of 2 covers j Abort Calculations This dialog box displays progress for model calculations for the current cover along with the estimated time remaining for that cover Itis important to note that the time remaining only applies to the current cover and not to the entire model run The progress bar at the top indicates model progress for the total number of covers entered by the user The abort calculation button allows you to abort the run and exit the program No intermediate data from the calculations are stored The model could be restarted by using the Open the last updated site model page 3 to restart the model 3 7 8 0 38 Final Results Screen After the model has completed the calculations the final screen is displayed e nap S2 Monterey Regional Wst he Us uu EE Site Oxidation Node Temperature Node Moisture Node Air Filed Porosity Node Oxygen 95 Node CH4 without Ox Node CH4 with Ox Node CH4 Oxid Depth Profile Surface Methane Emissions with and without oxidation vs Time Surface CH4 EEN 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 Time Day of Year without oxidation with oxidation A number of different graphs can be individually viewed for each cover type by selecting the tabs at the upper right side of the screen Each
34. t Methane Oxidation Node Soil Gas Methane Concentration without oxidation vs Time 11 E nup SERE pL Po erdie NGC BEEK cem TIC BEEN Tornei MM art m E E 10 EE Ree EIE EAE EE RE D au EE SEEN loro i Methane Concentration 00 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 Time Day of Year Bottom Mid Surface This graph illustrates the surface mid and bottom node results for soil gas methane concentration V96 without methane oxidation at these 3 respective depths for the selected cover Methane Concentration 0 Mode CH4 with Ox Methane Concentration within each Node with Methane Oxidation Node Soil Gas Methane Concentration with oxidation vs Time O 23 at fo 100 125 150 1 5 200 222 230 2 2 300 325 320 da Time Day of Year Bottom Mid Surface This graph illustrates the surface mid and bottom node results for soil gas methane concentration V96 with methane oxidation at these 3 respective depths for the selected cover methane concentrations with methane oxidation Note the drastic difference in methane concentrations between the with and without methane oxidation scenarios Also note the highly variable methane concentration in the middle layer of this particular cover as L Mode CH4 Oxid Percent Oxidation within each Node Node Methane Oxidation Rate v
35. t this point the user could either modify the search or continue by manually entering the required data If the site is not found the model will display a warning box notifying the user that the site was not located in the database Site not found ES The site sd could not be found 17 5 2 Map Options The map is set for locations in California see Map Panel in Site Information panel above However if the user wished to enter a location outside of California the user can select the View World Map button View World Map This button is located at the bottom of the Location Map panel as shown below Location Map If this button is selected the model will change to the world view View World Map Location Map View California Map Fi o E E 1 To return to the California map the user can select the ee button NOTE even though the model will run for non California locations the current version of the CALMIM model has been field validated only for California 5 2 1 Location Selection from Maps By clicking any location on the map and then correspondingly clicking the button 0 Update location tram map y The user can populate the latitude and longitude locations from the world map or California map into the respective text boxes for latitude and longitude For non California locations the user must enter a site name and the co

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