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1. 8 9 11 e Tabular and Graphical 66 11 Oe Report ROU ig ecient ett 12 Calibration 12 Wiring 14 Wiring GAC NN 2 canons 15 Ray Ran Products amp 2 4 16 Static And Dynamic Friction Tester User Manual Thank you for purchasing the Ray Ran Advanced Static and Dynamic Friction Tester Please read this manual before operating the equipment The information provided will explain how to use the apparatus in order to obtain the best possible test results If you have any questions which are not covered in this manual please contact Ray Ran Test Equipment LTD for technical assistance Introduction Friction is often referred to as the result of the sliding motion action of one body moving over another body To cause this motion to take place the force acting at right angles to the normal weight of one body acting on the other must overcome the resistance to the motion which is known as the friction The determination of friction is calculated as follows and it can readily be seen that friction is the coefficient of the2. POL YTEST Product User Manual Advanced Static And Dynamic Friction Tester Copyright C 1998 all rights reserved world wide e Revised June 2004 RAY RAN TEST EQUIPMENT LTD Kelsey Close Attleborough Fields Industrial Estate Nuneaton Warwickshire e CV11 6RS e United Kingdom Tel 44 0 24 7634 2002 e Fax 44 0 24 7664 1670 E Mail polytest ray ran com Web Site http www ray ran com Certificate No 4915 www r ay ran com POLYMER TEST EQUIPMENT FOR WORLD WIDE QUALITY CONTROL Static And Dynamic Friction Tester CONTENTS User 3 UO 3 4 Electrical Power 11000010222 4 Weights And Shipping 5 4 Lifting Installation 4222 4100 5 SoftWare 5 5 e 6 Templates 7 Material 2 24 2 442 2 7 7 Test Procedure i sds oat indeed eed eee eee 8 Friction 6
3. Model Melt Flow Indexer RR DGA 3 Column Density Gradient Apparatus RR BDA Apparent Bulk Density Apparatus LA620P Density Balance including Density Kit Readability 0 001 g LA230P Density Balance including Density Kit Readability 0 0001 g MA30 MA40 Code Moisture Balance Accuracy 1 0 g Moisture Balance Accuracy 0 Product RR TSMP2 Model 2 Test Sample Injection Moulding Apparatus RR HCP Hand Operated Test Sample Cutting Press Pneumatically Operated Test Sample Cutting Press Auto Cycle Test sample Notching Cutter Test Sample Profile Cutter TSC Standard Test Cutters Product RR HDV2 2 Station HDT Vicat Softening Point Apparatus RR HDV4 4 Station HDT Vicat Softening Point Apparatus RR HDV6 6 Station HDT Vicat Softening Point Apparatus RR TAA Thermal Ageing Apparatus RR LTB Low Temperature Brittleness Tester RR ESC RR FSL Environmental Stress Cracking Apparatus Unrestrained Linear Thermal Film Shrinkage Apparatus RR FSHP Hot Plate Film Shrinkage Apparatus RR IMT Universal Pendulum Impact Tester RR FWT Falling Weight Impact Tester RR FT Static And Dynamic Friction Tester MD 1 Analogue Modular Durometer Hardness Tester M202 Digital Modular Durometer Duroprobe Remote Digital Modular Durometer 16
4. 6 ISO 8295 1995 5 as BS 2782 Material Samples Itis most important that the test samples are prepared correctly especially if comparison tests are being made between identical materials Attention must be made to the handling of the samples so that they are not contaminated or exposed to foreign bodies such as dust and moisture Some materials are prone to static electricity which can seriously effect the results It is also important that the material placed on the bed is flat and free from a rippled effect as this can effect the results This can rippling effect can be removed by slightly stetching the film across the bed and securing with bonding tape If tests are being carried out in accordance with an International Test Standard the procedures for conditioning the test samples are normally specified in the test standard Sleds The apparatus is supplied with a sled conforming to the current ASTM and ISO Standards which are normally 63 5 mm and weighing 200 grams Ray Ran can supply sleds to suit any individual customer requirement Static And Dynamic Friction Tester Test Procedure The operating procedures and reporting procedures are controlled by the specifically developed microprocessor which guides the operator through the test program by means of menu prompts During the data entry via the keypad the operator is given the opportunity to change the value of the variable parameters for example the sled travel s
5. Height 30 cm 4 Static And Dynamic Friction Tester Lifting And Installation The apparatus has been designed to work on a sturdy bench or table which must be solidly placed on the floor The apparatus can easily be lifted by two people each holding one end Ensure that the mounting feet protect the fingers from being trapped when the apparatus is put down Level the apparatus using the mounting feet and ensure that the bubble is concentric in the level indicator and all four feet are positioned so that the apparatus cannot move or vibrate relative to the top of the bench or table Software Installing the software The apparatus is supplied with an RS232 output and computer software in Windows format The PC software must have Microsoft Excel 97 or a later version to be able to store the test results The test results in Excel will display the friction values and corresponding load cell measurements in tabular form which can be manipulated to your specific requirements such as preparing a graphical presentation or copying the results to a Word document for a report presentation Connect the RS232 cable to the connector at the rear of the machine and any available comms port preferably comms port 1 on your computer and turn on the machine IMPORTANT Do not attempt to open any Excel files whilst testing is in progress Similarly do not use any Link programmes that would ask for automatic results update We suggest that the F
6. displayed e Select lt RET gt The LCD will show one of the following lt Good Calibration Press Ok to Continue gt select lt OK gt lt Calibration gt Check that the pulley rotates freely and the calibrated test weight is 500 grams and try again If it is not possible to achieve a good Calibration please contact Ray Ran for further assistance Please advise the serial number of your apparatus As previously mentioned the Load Cell of the accuracy required to measure friction is a very sensitive instrument Unfortunately it can not totally enclosed because it must a free body subject only to the load it is designed to measure Therefore if it is knocked or dropped in any way it could effect the calibration 13 p 1 ANGLE PROJECIION emp evap QLERANCES SYMBOLS SEE DRAWING OFFICE CODE PRAC Friction Tester RARAN Lip Wiring Diagram a 49 11 2003 MATERIAL REG D Treat Fleet Plate COMMENTS DO NOT SCALE 2 RR FWT WD1 DEROAPTON ali E Static And Dynamic Friction Tester Ray Ran Products amp Services Code Product 5MBA Melt Flow Indexer 55 Model 5SA Flow Indexer
7. e sled so that no black boxes are present on the screen The microprocessor will not allow the test to commence if the sled is pre loaded e Select lt OK gt to perform test e lt Time Time Remaining gt is displayed counting down the start Please note if the apparatus is not able to detect a satisfactory static friction result it will stop the test and request the sled is removed and the carriage returned to the start position for a further attempt to be carried out If the test proceeds satisfactorily then lt Static Test Done gt is displayed followed by the Static and Dynamic Test results alternating between the friction and load values and asking you if you wish to save the results Select lt Yes gt or lt No gt to save results lt gt is selected lt Remove Sled Then Press RET to Return Carriage gt is displayed Select lt Return gt When the results are SAVED they are automatically printed via the built in printer The option is then given to download the results to the computer In this case ensure that a file name has first been specified Note the statistical information is provided at the end of the batch of tests e lt Ok to download gt is displayed Select lt Yes gt or lt gt lt Remove Sled Then Press RET to Return Carriage gt is displayed Select lt Return gt lt Perform Another Test Yes is displayed select lt Yes gt to repeat the test proced
8. ect lt Yes gt to repeat the test procedure or lt No gt to print statistical information and then download statistics Results The computer results consist of two screens one displaying the tabular test results and the other displaying the graphical presentation However when a printed copy is requested the format combines all the results into one single report document Tabular and Graphical Results Friction Results Static C U F Dynamic C 0 F 0 268412 View Graph 11 Static And Dynamic Friction Tester Report Printout Zoom to fit RAY RAW Advanced Friction System Results Report 100 Maka Balch Test Number 1 i H 8 BatchSize 16002 Page 1 of 1 2 AWS 2 Document Microsof TEN Qana 14 42 5 gt 9 y Calibration Procedure Periodically depending on the frequency of use the apparatus should be calibrated using a master 500 gram test weight The calibration procedure is one of the options when selecting the type of test required The object of this procedure is to ensure that the load cell is functioning correctly The load cell is basically a very sensitive wire which is stretched when subjected to a load By stretching the wire the cross sectio
9. force divided by the weight Coefficient of friction is generally denoted by the Greek letter u The normal weight of one body acting on another body W grams The force required to move slide one body over the other body F grams Friction has two distinct characteristics The static friction which resists the initial movement between two bodies and the dynamic friction which opposes the movement once it has started Generally the static friction is greater than the dynamic friction If you push or pull an object over a surface it requires a greater load to start moving the object than the load it requires to keep it moving The basic principals applied to friction between dry surfaces are as follows 1 For low contact pressures between two bodies that is a pressure which does not distort deform the surface structure texture between the two bodies the friction is directly proportional to the normal force acting between the two bodies 2 Providing the normal force between two bodies remains the same the coefficient of friction is independent of the area of contact between the two bodies 3 At low sliding speeds between the two bodies the friction is independent of the sliding velocity However it is generally found that at high speeds the friction tends to reduce in value For lubricated surfaces 4 Atlow contact pressure between two bodies the friction normally varies directly with the sliding s
10. nal area is changed which in turn alters the resistance of the wire Therefore as the change in resistance is proportional to the applied load it provides a very accurate means of measuring the load Additional balancing resistors are also used in circuit to automatically compensate for any temperature variations that may occur whilst tests are carried out e lt Current Time gt select lt Alter gt to change the time or lt Next gt to accept it lt Date gt select lt Alter gt to change the date or lt Next gt to accept it lt ID Numbers type in the appropriate identification number via the keypad and select lt Enter gt lt Material Reference Numbers type in the appropriate number the keypad and select lt Enter gt lt Select operation Perform select lt Next gt to select the calibration lt Calibration is displayed on the LCD select lt OK gt 12 Static And Dynamic Friction Tester lt Ok To Tare Load Cell gt is displayed Select lt OK gt lt Attach Cal Weight gt is displayed Place the calibration pulley into the holes that are located on the side of the friction bed Attach the calibrated 500 gram weight using the fine cord positioned over the pulley Ensure that the weight and cord are completely clear of the remaining apparatus Select lt Ok gt e lt Remove Cal Weight Then press RET to Return Carriage gt is
11. o examine any variation in the test results over the selected travel distance Apparatus The apparatus is capable of measuring both the static and dynamic coefficient of friction for any combination of materials that requires a normal separating load of up to 1 kg to cause the material samples to move slide over one another The apparatus consists of a horizontal bed onto which one of the test samples is placed and clamped at one end such that it forms a covering surface over which the other sample attached to a sled can slide The standard model friction tester is designed to conduct tests at ambient temperatures Other models are available with a heated or a freezer bed The temperature indicator situated at the top left of the front panel displays the bed temperature This temperature reading is also communicated to the microprocessor so that it is displayed and printed with the test results When a heated or freezer bed is fitted it may take a few minutes for the bed temperature to reach the correct operating temperature The LCD will display lt please wait gt Electrical Power Supply The machine can be supplied in two versions as follows 220 240 volts 1 ph 50 Hz 110 volts 1 ph 60 Hz Please see the identification plate on the apparatus for details Weights And Shipping Specifications Net Weight 30 kg Gross Weight 34 kg Gross Width 52cm Gross Depth 80 a Gross
12. on Perform Test gt select lt OK gt or lt Next gt to select the calibration procedure see calibration procedure on page 12 When lt OKs selected lt Select Test Type Friction Test gt is displayed Select lt Next gt and lt OK gt to peel test keep selecting lt Next gt to scroll through the menu to select the peel test procedure you wish to perform lt Surface Temperature gt displayed Please note this is only displayed for the heated or freezer bed Select lt Alter gt to change the bed temperature or lt OK gt if temperature is correct lt Peel Angle gt is displayed Select lt Alter gt to change the angle or lt Next gt to continue lt Peel Velocity gt is displayed Select lt Alter gt to change the velocity or lt Next gt to continue lt Travel Distance gt is displayed Select lt Alter gt to change the distance lt Next gt to continue lt Pre Peel Distance gt is displayed Select lt Alter gt to change the time or lt Next gt to continue lt Sample Widths gt is displayed Select lt Alter gt to change the width or lt Next gt to continue Surface Temperature Incorrect Please Wait gt is displayed only if heated or freezer bed is fitted but the temperature has not yet stabilised When the temperature is correct lt Atiach Sample then press OKs is displayed attach the sample to the test sled and bed Select lt OK gt lt Press OK to Tare Load Cells is displayed Select l
13. ore the test results can be downloaded The File name also opens up the path to the File which will store the test results and subsequently allow them to be copied into a Word document or similar for report writing To open a new file ready for a test e Select lt File gt on the menu bar e Enter the File name maximum 8 characters in the format rt For example TEST rrt This format must always be allocated before the test results can be downloaded e Enter the Folders path and directory drive where you want your results to be stored e Select lt ok gt e lt Settings gt will now appear on the main screen and the software is now awaiting downloaded results from the apparatus The parameters of the apparatus and configuration of the computer software have been designed to comply with International Test Standards Static And Dynamic Friction Tester cis pone oo Select Set File Name Folders m RAY RA 2 E E gt Desktop 5 1 Sled Weight List files of type Drives Ra Ran Text rrt Sled Velocity Test Distance mm Static C 0 F Settling Time Secs Dynamic C 0 F Templates Templates are provided to cut out the test samples for the following International Test Standards ASTM D1894 95 BS 2782 Part 8 Method 824A 199
14. peed 5 For high contact pressures the friction is high at low speeds but reduces up to speeds of about 650 mm minute and afterwards increases at a relationship approximating the square root of the speed Static And Dynamic Friction Tester 6 If the two bodies are lubricated by a fluid such as oil which is effected by temperature then the friction value will also vary with temperature 7 Ifthe two bodies are flooded with a lubricant then the friction value will tend to reflect the friction value of the lubricant and not the friction between the two bodies For information the static friction is not an easy value to measure It is the peak friction value at the interface between the two bodies at the precise moment that movement occurs after which the dynamic friction is immediately observed To measure this peak friction value a special computer program is used to continually monitor the output signals of the load cell unit the peak has been observed To do this readings have to be taken beyond the peak load in order to confirm that the slope of the load curve is in fact reducing Thus it can be clearly established that the peak load has been passed through identified and measured The dynamic friction is measured twenty times during the selected travel distance The result given is the average of these twenty readings However by displaying the results graphically on a computer each of the twenty readings can be inspected t
15. peed so that the test conditions are in keeping with the test that is to be undertaken The test results are automatically display in the LCD and when the lt Save results gt button is pressed the results are automatically printed via the built in printer and the option is then given to download the test results to the computer Friction Tests Connect the friction tester to the mains power supply and if being used connect to the computer Switch on and allow the apparatus to warm up e LCD shows lt please wait gt The following sequence will now be presented on the LCD lt gt select lt Alter gt to change the time or lt Next gt to accept it lt Date gt se ect lt Alter gt to change the date or lt Next gt to accept it lt Operator ID Numbers type in the appropriate identification number via the keypad and select lt Enter gt lt Material Reference Numbers type in the appropriate number the keypad and select lt Enter gt lt Select operation Perform select lt OK gt or lt Next gt to select the calibration procedure see calibration procedure on page 11 e lt Select Test Friction Test gt is displayed Select lt OK gt lt Next gt to select another test type e g Peel test See page 9 lt 5 Temperature gt is displayed Please note this is only displayed for the heated or freezer bed Select lt Al
16. riction Tester results are stored in a dedicated Folder so that the Excel files will be grouped together for ease of inspection and retrieval Accordingly the results relating to a batch of 4 tests with a file name of say TEST would appear in the folder as individual downloaded test results showing the following Excel files TEST 1 TEST H 2 TEST 3 TEST 4 The software for the Friction tester is supplied on a 3 5 diskette and is called Friction Tester V2 1 To install the software e Insert the diskette into A Disk Drive e Select lt Start gt on the desktop e Select lt Run gt lt A FrictionTester V2 1 exe gt e Select lt Start gt on the desktop e Select lt My computer gt e Select lt A Drive gt Static And Dynamic Friction Tester e Select the lt FrictionTester V2 1 gt icon To open the software program select the Friction Tester icon The main screen will be displayed as follows Friction Tester Results Program ee Date Operator ID Material Results Test No Batch Ref Static Load 9 NL Dynamic Load gt 9 Botton HOT i Static C 0 F Setting Time DynamicC OF ve Friction test Document Microsof ee 14 37 Opening a Before starting a test a File name format rrt for example TEST rrt must always be allocated bef
17. t OK gt lt Attach Sled Then Press OKs is displayed attach the sled to the load cell arm Important When the Peel Tool is attached care must be taken not to pre load the Load Cell The LCD shows a series of dotted lined below the caption If the Load Cell is pre loaded the dotted lines change to black boxes indicating the magnitude and direction of any pre load Adjust the position of the Peel Tool until the black boxes disappear Select lt OK gt to perform test 10 Static And Dynamic Friction Tester lt Performing Pre Peel Test Please is displayed Peel Test Results are displayed alternating between the Peel Adhesion and load values and asking you if you wish to save the results Select lt Yes gt or lt No gt to save results lt gt is selected lt Remove Peel Tool Then Press RET to Return Carriage gt is displayed Select lt Return gt When the results are SAVED they are automatically printed via the built in printer The option is then given to download the results to the computer In this case ensure that a file name has first been specified Note the statistical information is provided at the end of the batch of tests e lt Ok to download gt is displayed Select lt gt lt No gt lt Remove Peel Tool Then Press RET to Return Carriage gt is displayed Select lt Returns gt e lt Another Test Yes gt is displayed sel
18. ter gt to change the bed temperature lt gt if temperature is correct lt Sled Weights is displayed Select lt Alter gt to change the sled weight or lt Next gt if sled weight is correct lt Sled Velocity gt is displayed Select lt gt to change the sled velocity or lt Next gt if the sled velocity is correct Travel Distance gt is displayed Se ect lt Alter gt to change the distance the sled will travel or lt Next gt if the distance the sled will travel is correct lt Setiling gt is displayed contact time before the test starts Select lt gt to change the settling time or lt Next gt if setting time is correct e Surface Temperature Incorrect Please Wait gt only displayed if heated or freezer bed is fitted but the temperature has not yet stabilised Static And Dynamic Friction Tester When the temperature is correct lt Attach Sample then press OKs is displayed attach the sample to the test sled and bed Select lt OK gt lt OK to Tare Load Cell gt is displayed Select lt OK gt lt Attach Sled Then Press OKs is displayed attach the sled to the load cell arm Important When the Sled is attached it must not apply a pre load to the load cell To ensure this does not happen the dotted lines shown on the LCD become black boxes showing the magnitude and direction of any pre load acting on the load cell If necessary re position th
19. ure or lt gt to print statistical information and then download statistics Peel Tests The object of a Peel Test is to measure the load required to peel away off one surface from another surface of flexible adhesive materials ASTM D3330 d3330M 96 sets out the standard test methods for Peel Adhesion of Pressure Sensitive Tapes at 180 degrees Peel Angle Three basic tests are covered as follows Method A Single coated tapes applied to a test surface Method B Double coated tapes Peel B FACE for top face and Peel B LINER for the bottom face covered by a liner Method C Release liner for single or double coated tapes Static And Dynamic Friction Tester The peel angle denotes the direction at which the load is applied relative to the two surfaces stuck together A 180 degree peel device is supplied with the apparatus but other peel angle attachments are quoted on an individual basis To set the parameters and perform a peel test the following sequence will be presented on the LCD lt Current Time gt se ect lt Alter gt to change the time or lt Next gt to accept it lt Current Date gt se ect lt gt to change the date or lt Next gt to accept it lt Operator ID Numbers type in the appropriate identification number via the keypad and select lt Enter gt lt Material Reference Numbers type in the appropriate number via the keypad and select lt Enter gt lt Select operati
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