Redundancy Protocol User`s Manual
Contents
1. ua ou m m Redundancy Protocol Introduction to Redundancy Protocol NOTE Port trunking and Turbo Ring can be enabled simultaneously to form a backbone Doing so will increase the bandwidth of the backbone and also provide redundancy For example suppose that two physical ports 1 and 2 are trunked to form trunk group Trk1 and then Trk1 is set as one Turbo Ring path If port 1 gets disconnected the remaining trunked port port 2 will share the traffic If ports 1 and 2 are both disconnected then Turbo Ring will create a backup path within 300 ms 1 2 2 Turbo Ring The following topics are covered in this chapter O The Turbo Ring Concept O Setting up Turbo Ring or Turbo Ring V2 Y V WV gt Determining the Redundant Path of a Turbo Ring Ring Determining the Redundant Path of a Turbo Ring V2 Ring Ring Coupling Configuration Dual Ring Configuration applies only to Turbo Ring V2 Dual Homing Configuration applies only to Turbo Ring V2 O Configuring Turbo Ring and Turbo Ring V2 Configuring Turbo Ring Redundancy Protocol Turbo Ring The Turbo Ring Concept Moxa developed the proprietary Turbo Ring protocol to optimize redundancy and achieve a faster recovery time on the network The Turbo Ring and Turbo Ring V2 protocols identify one switch as the master of the network and then automatically block packets from traveling through any of the network2. Configuring MSTP Use the scrollbar at the top of the Redundancy Protocol page to select Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 Turbo Chain RSTP or MSTP Note that configuration pages for these five protocols are different Protocol Setting Description Factory Default Turbo Ring Select this item to change to the Turbo Ring configuration page Select this item to change to the Turbo Ring V2 configuration Turbo Ring V2 page Turbo Chain Select this item to change to the Turbo Chain configuration page None RSTP IEEE oP Select this item to change to the RSTP configuration page 802 1D 2004 MSTP IEEE 802 1s Select this item to change to the MSTP configuration page 4 8 Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP The following figure indicates which Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol parameters can be configured A more detailed explanation of each parameter follows Redundant Protocol Protocol MSTP IEEE 802 1s M Status Global Settings Forwarding Delay sec 15 Hello Time sec 2 Max Hops 20 Max Age 20 Revision Level 0 E Configuration confirm Region Name MSTP Instance Settings Instance ID Cist M Vlan Mapping Bridge Priority 32768 128 Port Enable Priority Cost OperCost_ Edge ECS ECS 128 m 128 128 E 125 125 E Explanation of
3. Differences between STP RSTP and MSTP RSTP is similar to STP but includes additional information in the BPDUs that allow each bridge to confirm that it has taken action to prevent loops from forming when it decides to enable a link to a neighboring bridge Adjacent bridges connected via point to point links will be able to enable a link without waiting to ensure that all other bridges in the network have had time to react to the change The main benefit of RSTP is that the configuration decision is made locally rather than network wide allowing RSTP to carry out automatic configuration and restore a link faster than STP STP and RSTP spanning tree protocols operate without regard to a network s VLAN configuration and maintain one common spanning tree throughout a bridged network Thus these protocols map one loop free logical topology on a given physical topology MSTP uses VLANs to create multiple spanning trees in a network which significantly improves network resource utilization while maintaining a loop free environment 4 4 Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP STP Exambple The LAN shown in the following figure has three segments with adjacent segments connected using two possible links The various STP factors such as Cost Root Port Designated Bridge Port and Blocked Port are shown in the figure LAN Segment 1 Port 1 Port 1 Port 1 Designated Root Port Root Port Bridge Port Bridge B
4. Port 2 Designated Bridge Port Bridge X Port 2 Blocked Port Port 2 Root Bridge LAN Segment 2 Port 1 Root Port Cost 100 Port 2 Designated Bridge Port Port 1 Root Port Cost 200 Bridge Y Port 2 Blocked Port LAN Segment 3 e Bridge A has been selected as the Root Bridge since it was determined to have the lowest Bridge Identifier on the network e Since Bridge A is the Root Bridge it is also the Designated Bridge for LAN segment 1 Port 1 on Bridge A is selected as the Designated Bridge Port for LAN Segment 1 e Ports 1 of Bridges B C X and Y are all Root Ports since they are nearest to the Root Bridge and therefore have the most efficient path e Bridges B and X offer the same Root Path Cost for LAN segment 2 However Bridge B was selected as the Designated Bridge for that segment since it has a lower Bridge Identifier Port 2 on Bridge B is selected as the Designated Bridge Port for LAN Segment 2 e Bridge C is the Designated Bridge for LAN segment 3 because it has the lowest Root Path Cost for LAN Segment 3 gt The route through bridges C and B costs 200 C to B 100 B to A 100 gt The route through bridges Y and B costs 300 Y to B 200 B to A 100 e The Designated Bridge Port for LAN Segment 3 is port 2 on bridge C 4 5 Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP Using STP on a Network with Multiple VLANS IEEE Std 802 1D 1998 Edition does not
5. Configuring STP RSTP Use the scrolling bar at the top of the Redundancy Protocol page to select among Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 Turbo Chain RSTP or MSTP Note that configuration pages for these five protocols are different Protocol Setting Description Factory Default Turbo Ring Select this item to change to the Turbo Ring configuration page Select this item to change to the Turbo Ring V2 configuration Turbo Ring V2 page Turbo Chain Select this item to change to the Turbo Chain configuration page None RSTP IEEE x Select this item to change to the RSTP configuration page 802 1D 2004 MSTP IEEE 802 1s Select this item to change to the MSTP configuration page Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP The following figure indicates which Spanning Tree Protocol parameters can be configured more detailed explanation of each parameter follows Redundant Protocol Protocol RSTP IEEE 802 1D 2004 Status Active Protocol RSTP Role Settings Forwarding Delay sec 15 Hello Time sec 2 Bridge Priority 32768 Max Age 20 1 Auto 128 l b Je Ve Coe oo k A ae Herz poo LE E 5 A ae Tia feos L b n ac Fez jo FO OE F m ae Herz jo L mns ae Ape poo ss FO i OEY Explanation of Status Items Active Protocol Shows which redundancy pro
6. MAC address of the device is being recorded in the MAC table and the Forwarding status indicates normal transmission Role Indicates the current port role status Setting Port Role Status Factory Default Port Role Backup None Alternate port Root port Designated port Disable 4 11 Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP Configuration Limits of STP RSTP The Spanning Tree Algorithm places limits on three of the configuration items described previously Eq 1 1sec lt Eq 2 6 sec lt Max Age lt 40 sec x Eq 3 4 sec Forwarding Delay lt 30 sec Hello Time x 10 sec These three variables are further restricted by the following two inequalities Eq 4 2 x Hello Time 1 sec lt Max Age x 2 x Forwarding Delay 1 sec Moxa EDS 600 s firmware will alert you immediately if any of these restrictions are violated For example setting Hello Time 5 sec Max Age 20 sec and Forwarding Delay 4 sec does not violate Eqs 1 through 3 but does violate Eq 4 since in this case 2 x Hello Time 1 sec 12 sec and 2 x Forwarding Delay 1 sec 6 sec You can remedy the situation in many ways One solution is simply to increase the Forwarding Delay value to at least 11 sec HINT Perform the following steps to avoid guessing Step 1 Assign a value to Hello Time and then calculate the left most part of Eq 4 to get the lower limit of Max Age Step 2 Assign a value to Forw
7. The communication is carried out using Bridge Protocol Data Units BPDUs which are transmitted in packets with a known multicast address e Each bridge must have a Bridge Identifier that specifies which bridge acts as the central reference point or Root Bridge for the STP system bridges with a lower Bridge Identifier are more likely to be designated as the Root Bridge The Bridge Identifier is calculated using the MAC address of the bridge and a priority defined for the bridge For example the default priority setting of Moxa switches is 32768 e Each port has a cost that specifies the efficiency of each link The efficiency cost is usually determined by the bandwidth of the link with less efficient links assigned a higher cost Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP STP Calculation The first step of the STP process is to perform calculations During this stage each bridge on the network transmits BPDUs The following items will be calculated e Which bridge should be the Root Bridge The Root Bridge is the central reference point from which the network is configured e The Root Path Costs for each bridge This is the cost of the paths from each bridge to the Root Bridge e The identity of each bridge s Root Port The Root Port is the port on the bridge that connects to the Root Bridge via the most efficient path In other words the port connected to the Root Bridge via the path with the lowest Root Path Cost The Root Bridge however
8. configuration can give rise to loops the network will overload if STP is NOT enabled LAN 1 If STP is enabled it will detect duplicate paths and prevent or block one of the paths from forwarding traffic In the following example STP determined that traffic from LAN segment 2 to LAN segment 1 should flow through bridges C and A since this path has a greater bandwidth and is therefore more efficient 4 2 Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP LAN 1 What happens if a link failure is detected As shown in next figure the STP process reconfigures the network so that traffic from LAN segment 2 flows through bridge B LAN 1 STP will determine which path between each bridged segment is most efficient and then assign a specific reference point on the network When the most efficient path has been identified the other paths are blocked In the previous 3 figures STP first determined that the path through bridge C was the most efficient and as a result blocked the path through bridge B After the failure of bridge C STP re evaluated the situation and opened the path through Bridge B How STP Works When enabled STP determines the most appropriate path for traffic through a network The way it does this is outlined in the sections below STP Requirements Before STP can configure the network the system must satisfy the following requirements e All bridges must be able to communicate with each other
9. s redundant loops In the event that one branch of the ring gets disconnected from the rest of the network the protocol automatically readjusts the ring so that the part of the network that was disconnected can reestablish contact with the rest of the network Setting up Turbo Ring or Turbo Ring V2 1 Select any two ports as redundant ports 2 Connect the redundant ports to form the Turbo Ring The user does not need to configure any of the switches as the master to use Turbo Ring or Turbo Ring V2 If none of the switches in the ring is configured as the master then the protocol will automatically assign master status to one of the switches In fact the master is only used to identify which segment in the redundant ring acts as the backup path In the following subsections we explain how the redundant path is selected for rings configured for Turbo Ring and Turbo Ring V2 Determining the Redundant Path of a Turbo Ring Ring In this case the redundant segment i e the segment that will be blocked during normal operation is determined by the number of switches in the ring and where the ring master is located When the Number of Switches in the Turbo Ring is Even Master If there are 2N switches an even number in the Turbo Ring ring then the backup segment is one of the two segments connected to the N 1 st switch i e the switch directly opposite the master ooo mmv set XY X3 as Redunda
10. 0 by user or more devices on the network are recognized as a root the devices will renegotiate a new Spanning Tree topology Enable STP per Port Setting Description Factory Default Select to enable the port as a node on the Spanning Tree Enable Disable Disabled topology NOTE We suggest not enabling the Spanning Tree Protocol once the port is connected to a device PLC RTU etc as opposed to network equipment The reason is that it will cause unnecessary negotiation Edge Setting Description Factory Default Auto 1 Ifthe port does not receive a BPDU within 3 seconds the port will be in the forwarding state 2 Once the port receives a BPDU it will start the RSTP negotiation process Auto Force Edge The port is fixed as an edge port and will always be in the forwarding state False The port is set as the normal RSTP port Priority Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value Increase this port s priority as a node on the Spanning Tree 128 selected by user topology by entering a lower number Cost Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value input Input a higher cost to indicate that this port is less suitable as a 200000 by user node for the Spanning Tree topology Status Indicates the current Spanning Tree status of this port Forwarding for normal transmission Blocking for block transmission or Link down for no connection
11. BO RINO V27 T reir hr REMIT RR a aar A a RR DRIN NR A RS ARR ess os er terne see 2 8 cCHEEBIU DN rm 3 1 The TUEDO x Chain ero oio oM 3 2 Setting Up T rDo CAIN eT 3 2 Configuring TUFDO CHAIN is 20 5 2 2 apes tseece et arartessteeedeesSessveasSparesnteeesebslpenlaessoanesedtucseaneteenscestacseeeseicansesteas 3 2 Head Switch Configuration errem en ht RR RR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRIRRRRRRRRERR RATER RR NR ERR RR TREES en ant 3 3 Member Switch Config ratlOn oerte ne kem ree tor tese no edge y ona eo ne NO EM E ERR MER ERI ERE RETE 3 3 Tail Switch Gonftg rati nis 2 iir mens eR ne ERR HIR pee te Cine ne en detente RE RR RRRRIRERERRCRERRIRERIRRRS 3 3 4 SIP RSTP MSTP ce eu na an aaa de nn men nn NEN men ne nr EE nan ne ne na a RERO UR EA men men ee en nn nan NES 4 1 The STP RSTP MSTP Concept sers eee ene ened ene ESSERE ESSERE sese sese sess sss EO ES ESSE SEES seran 4 2 What Sion Pees sc PPP CETEROS 4 2 HOW STP WOrKS irs esperei eae en une n te annee EErEE ER EIEEE EEEE nd tree nent ne ann RE E ERA net RR ERR 4 3 Differences between STP RSTP and MSTP ses sese meses seres sess nn nnn nnn 4 4 Ens clum RTL LEM rn 4 5 Using STP on a Network with Multiple VLANS iii esse sense nene einen nennen nenne 4 6 Cohtigurihig S TP RSTP 5452 22 E EE E NE RE REDE RP PE E 4 6 Configuring MSTP ss eror rro nth rent Erara ERR RRREEERERR MEER ERERERRRRRRRERERRR REM RR RE
12. RRRRIRERE 4 8 Configuration Limits of STP RSTP vertreten axe ete eee nana done ye e UP iets eit YR XY Rte 4 12 NOTE 1 Introduction to Redundancy Protocol Setting up Redundancy Protocol on your network helps protect critical links against failure protects against network loops and keeps network downtime at a minimum Redundancy Protocol allows you to set up redundant loops in the network to provide a backup data transmission route in the event that a cable is inadvertently disconnected or damaged This is a particularly important feature for industrial applications since it could take several minutes to locate the disconnected or severed cable For example if the Moxa switch is used as a key communications component of a production line several minutes of downtime could cause a big loss in production and revenue The Moxa switch supports three different protocols to support this Redundancy Protocol function e Turbo Ring and Turbo Ring V2 e Turbo Chain e Rapid Spanning Tree and Spanning Tree Protocols IEEE 802 1W 802 1D 2004 When configuring a redundant ring all switches on the same ring must be configured to use the same redundancy protocol You cannot mix the Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 and STP RSTP protocols on the same ring The following table lists the key differences between the features of each protocol Use this information to evaluate the benefits of each and then determine which features are most suitable for your netwo
13. Redundancy Protocol User s Manual Second Edition June 2014 www moxa com product MOXA 2014 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Redundancy Protocol User s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement Copyright Notice 2014 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Trademarks The MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa Moxa provides this document as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to its particular purpose Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and or changes to this manual or to the products and or the programs described in this manual at any time Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable However Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the publication Technical Support Contact In
14. Status Items Status Indicates the Root bridge of the Spanning Tree Explanation of Global Settings Items Forwarding Delay sec Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value input by user 4 30 The amount of time this device waits before checking to see if it should change to a different state 15 Hello time sec Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value input by user The root of the Spanning Tree topology periodically 2 1 10 sends out a hello message to other devices on the network to check if the topology is healthy The hello time is the amount of time the root waits between sending hello messages Max Hops Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value input by user 6 40 The MSTP maximum hops value is the maximum number of hops in the region Configure the maximum number of hops a BPDU can be forwarded in the MSTP region 4 9 20 Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP Max Age sec Setting Numerical value input by user 6 40 Description If this device is not the root and it has not received a hello message from the root in an amount of time equal to Max Age then this device will reconfigure itself as a root Once two or more devices on the network are recognized as a root the devices will renegotiate to set up a new Spanning Tree topology Factory Defa
15. V2 Turbo Chain RSTP or MSTP Note that the configuration pages for these five protocols are different Protocol Setting Description Factory Default Turbo Ring Select this item to change to the Turbo Ring configuration page None Turbo Ring V2 Select this item to change to the Turbo Ring V2 configuration page Turbo Chain Select this item to change to the Turbo Chain configuration page RSTP IEEE Select this item to change to the RSTP configuration page 802 1D 2004 MSTP IEEE 802 1s Select this item to change to the MSTP configuration page Configuring Turbo Ring The following figure indicates which Turbo Ring parameters can be configured A more detailed explanation of each parameter follows Redundant Protocol Protocol Turbo Ring Status Active Protocol None RE EE ET ET 2nd Port Status Ring Healthy BR RR Coupling Port Status Coupling Control Port Status Ring Coupling Settings i Set as Master Redundant Ports 1st Port G2 2nd Port G3 x Ring Coupling E Enable Coupling Port G1 I Coupling Control Port 7 z Explanation of Status Items Active Protocol Shows which redundancy protocol is in use Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 Turbo Chain RSTP MSTP or None Ring Role Indicates whether or not this switch is the Master or Slave of the Turbo Ring Redundancy Protocol Turbo Ring NOTE The user does not need to set the master to use Turb
16. al Ring architecture and this switch is selected to operate on both rings you must configure settings for both Ring 1 and Ring 2 at this switch In this case the status of both rings will appear under Status The user does not need to set the master to use Turbo Ring If master is not set the Turbo Ring protocol will assign master status to one of the switches in the ring The master is only used to determine which segment serves as the backup path Ring 1 2 Turbo Ring Status Shows Healthy if the ring is operating normally and shows Break if the ring s backup link is active 2 8 Redundancy Protocol Turbo Ring Ring 1 2 1st Port Status Ring 1 2 2nd Port Status The Ports Status indicators show Forwarding for normal transmission Blocking if this port is connected to a backup path and the path is blocked and Link down if there is no connection Ring Coupling Role Indicates None Dual Homing or Ring Coupling Ring Coupling Primary Port The Primary Port indicators show Forwarding for normal transmission and Link down if there is no connection Ring Coupling Backup Port Status The Backup Port Status indicators show Forwarding Blocking or Link down Explanation of Settings Items Ring 1 Setting Description Factory Default Enabled Enable the Ring 1 settings checked Disabled Disable the Ring 1 settings Ring 2 Setting Description Factory Default Enabled E
17. arding Delay and then calculate the right most part of Eq 4 to get the upper limit for Max Age Step 3 Assign a value to Forwarding Delay that satisfies the conditions 4 12
18. ckup Path Coupling Port Switch A Coupler Switch C To configure the Ring Coupling function for a Turbo Ring ring select two switches e g Switch A and B in the above figure in the ring and another two switches in the adjacent ring e g Switch C and D Decide which two ports in each switch are appropriate to be used as coupling ports and then link them together Next assign one switch e g Switch A to be the coupler and connect the coupler s coupling control port with Switch B for this example The coupler switch i e Switch A will monitor Switch B through the coupling control port to determine whether or not the coupling port s backup path should be recovered Ring Coupling for a Turbo Ring V2 Ring Switch B Switch D Coupling Port Primary if Main Path Backup Path BE Coupling Port Backup Switch A Switch C Note that the ring coupling settings for a Turbo Ring V2 ring are different from a Turbo Ring ring For Turbo Ring V2 Ring Coupling is enabled by configuring the Coupling Port Primary on Switch B and the Coupling Port Backup on Switch A only You do not need to set up a coupling control port so that a Turbo Ring V2 ring does not use a coupling control line The Coupling Port Backup on Switch A is used for the backup path and connects directly to an extra network port on Switch C The Coupling Port Primary on Switch B monitors the status of the main path and c
19. does not have a Root Port e The identity of the Designated Bridge for each LAN segment The Designated Bridge is the bridge with the lowest Root Path Cost from that segment If several bridges have the same Root Path Cost the one with the lowest Bridge Identifier becomes the Designated Bridge Traffic transmitted in the direction of the Root Bridge will flow through the Designated Bridge The port on this bridge that connects to the segment is called the Designated Bridge Port STP Configuration After all of the bridges on the network agree on the identity of the Root Bridge and all other relevant parameters have been established each bridge is configured to forward traffic only between its Root Port and the Designated Bridge Ports for the respective network segments All other ports are blocked which means that they will not be allowed to receive or forward traffic STP Reconfiguration Once the network topology has stabilized each bridge listens for Hello BPDUs transmitted from the Root Bridge at regular intervals If a bridge does not receive a Hello BPDU after a certain interval the Max Age time the bridge assumes that the Root Bridge or a link between itself and the Root Bridge has ceased to funtion This will trigger the bridge to reconfigure the network to account for the change If you have configured an SNMP trap destination the first bridge to detect the change will send out an SNMP trap when the topology of your network changes
20. formation Moxa Americas Toll free 1 888 669 2872 Tel 1 714 528 6777 Fax 1 714 528 6778 Moxa Europe Tel 49 89 3 70 03 99 0 Fax 49 89 3 70 03 99 99 www moxa com su ort Moxa China Shanghai office Toll free 800 820 5036 Tel 86 21 5258 9955 Fax 86 21 5258 5505 Moxa Asia Pacific Tel 886 2 8919 1230 Fax 886 2 8919 1231 Table of Contents 1 Introduction to Redundancy Protocol mmmemmemememenenneneneneennennenenennennnnnennnenennnnnnennnnnnennnne 1 1 2 Turbo Ring 2 1 The Turbo Ring Concept cce erkennen ne ERE Re RR IE ERE eteta nan EYE RRRaBXRERRRSRDRRRRRDRRRRRRIRRRRERURR RR ER RRIA 2 2 Setting up Turbo Ring or Turbo Ring V2 nennen hene e nene eine mee nemen renes ener nenne 2 2 Determining the Redundant Path of a Turbo Ring Ring sess mme 2 2 Determining the Redundant Path of a Turbo Ring V2 Ring meme nene 2 3 Ring Coupling Configuration rtr rmm aad ene ve ed een eng en en ana en end EDR NUE sete terete et rte deren OU 2 3 Dual Ring Configuration applies only to Turbo Ring V2 sis nene nne 2 5 Dual Homing Configuration applies only to Turbo Ring V2 Heer 2 5 Configuring Turbo Ring and Turbo Ring V2 sssssssssssssessesnenemeneeemenee mene hene ne nemen nemen rene nene 2 6 Configuring Turbo Ring x et eere oe ea edere tese clad eve veter tes Mee D d eu 2 6 Config ring TU
21. ion Redundant Protocol Protocol Turbo Chain z Status Active Protocol Turbo Chain Port G2 Head Port Link down G3 Member Port Link down Settings Role Head z Head Port G2 Member Port G3 Member Switch Configuration Redundant Protocol Protocol Turbo Chain x Status Active Protocol Turbo Chain Port G2 1st Member Port Link down G3 2nd Member Port Link down Settings Role Member z 1st Member Port G2 2nd Member Port e3 Tail Switch Configuration Redundant Protocol Protocol Turbo Chain e Status Active Protocol Turbo Chain zm G2 Tail Port Link down G3 Member Port Link down Settings Role Tal x Tail Port G2 Member Port e3 3 3 Redundancy Protocol Turbo Chain Explanation of Status Items Active Protocol Shows which redundancy protocol is in use Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 Turbo Chain RSTP MSTP or None Port Shows which ports have been assigned for redundancy protocol usage Port Role Shows the role that has been assigned to any specific redundancy port Head Member or Tail Port Status The Ports Status indicators show Forwarding for normal transmission Blocked if this port is connected to the Tail port as a backup path and the path is blocked and Link down if there is no connection Explanation of Settings Items Role Setting Description Factory Default Head Select this switch as Head Switch Member Select this swi
22. is enabled such default Redundant Ports Coupling Ports and Coupling Control Port that were added to all VLANs will be restored to their previous software settings 2 10 The following topics are covered in this chapter O The Turbo Chain Concept O Setting Up Turbo Chain O Configuring Turbo Chain Head Switch Configuration Member Switch Configuration Tail Switch Configuration 3 Turbo Chain Redundancy Protocol Turbo Chain The Turbo Chain Concept Moxa s Turbo Chain is an advanced software technology that gives network administrators the flexibility of constructing any type of redundant network topology When using the chain concept you first connect the Ethernet switches in a chain and then simply link the two ends of the chain to an Ethernet network as illustrated in the following figure Turbo Chain can be used on industrial networks that have a complex topology If the industrial network uses a multi ring architecture Turbo Chain can be used to create flexible and scalable topologies with a fast media recovery time Setting Up Turbo Chain Head Port Head Member Port N a aj e Hu gol Tail Port 77 Member Port Member Port Member Port Select the Head switch Tail switch and Member switches 2 Configure one port as the Head port and one port as the Member port in the Head switch configure one port as the Tail port and one port as the Member p
23. le spanning tree instances None Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value selected by user Increase this device s bridge priority by selecting a lower number A device with a higher bridge priority has a greater chance of being established as the root of the Spanning Tree topology 32768 4 10 Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP Enable Setting Description Factory Default Enable Disable Select to enable the port as a node on the Multiple Disabled Spanning Tree topology Priority Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value selected by Increase this port s priority as a node on the Multiple 128 user Spanning Tree topology by entering a lower number Cost Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value input by user Input a higher cost to indicate that this port is less 0 suitable as a node for the Multiple Spanning Tree topology Use the default value 0 to use port speed in the auto port cost Oper Cost It indicates the cost of the path to the other bridge from this transmitting bridge at the specified port Edge Enable Disable Select to enable the port as the edge port for the Disabled Multiple Spanning Tree topology State Indicates the current Multiple Spanning Tree status of this port The Blocking status indicates the transmission is blocked the Learning status indicates the
24. ler Not checked Disable Do not select this switch as Coupler Ring Coupling Coupling Port Setting Description Factory Default Coupling Port Select any port of this switch to be the coupling port Port G1 Ring Coupling Coupling Control Port Setting Description Factory Default Coupling Control Port Select any port of this switch to be the coupling control port Port 7 2 7 Redundancy Protocol Turbo Ring Configuring Turbo Ring V2 NOTE The following figure indicates which Turbo Ring V2 parameters can be configured A more detailed explanation of each parameter follows Redundant Protocol Protocol Turbo Ring V2 Status Active Protocol None Ring 1 Ring 2 Ring Coupling Settings 7 Ring 1 E Ring 2 E Set as Master Set as Master Redundant Ports 1st Port G2 Redundant Ports 1st Port Gi 2nd Port c3 e 2nd Port 7 Ring Coupling E Enable Coupling Mode Dual Homing Primary Port 1 Backup Port 2 Apply When using the Dual Ring architecture you must configure settings for both Ring 1 and Ring 2 In this case the status of both rings will appear under Status Explanation of Status Items NOTE Active Protocol Shows which redundancy protocol is in use Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 Turbo Chain RSTP MSTP or None Ring 1 2 Role Indicates whether or not this switch is the Master or Slave of the Turbo Ring When using the Du
25. nable the Ring 2 settings Not checked Disabled Disable the Ring 2 settings oo NOTE You should enable both Ring 1 and Ring 2 when the switch interconnects between Ring 1 and Ring 2 in the Dual Ring architecture Set as Master Ring 1 2 Setting Description Factory Default Enabled Select this switch as Master Not checked Disabled Do not select this switch as Master Redundant Ports Ring 1 2 Setting Description Factory Default 1st Port Select any port of this switch to be one of the redundant ports Ring 1 G2 Ring 2 G1 2nd Port Select any port of this switch to be one of the redundant ports Ring 1 G3 Ring 2 7 Ring Coupling Enable Setting Description Factory Default Enable Select this switch as Coupler Not checked Disable Do not select this switch as Coupler Ring Coupling Coupling Mode Setting Description Factory Default Dual Homing Select this item to change to the Dual Homing configuration Primary port 1 page Backup port 2 Ring Coupling Select this item to change to the Ring Coupling backup Port 1 backup configuration page Ring Coupling Select this item to change to the Ring Coupling primary Port 1 primary configuration page 2 9 Redundancy Protocol Turbo Ring NOTE The Turbo Ring DIP Switches located on the outer casing of the EDS E series switches can be used to configure switch Turbo Ring pro
26. ncy Protocol Turbo Ring When the Number of Switches in the Turbo Ring is Odd Master If there are 2N 1 switches an odd number in the Turbo Ring ring with switches and segments labeled counterclockwise then segment N 1 will serve as the backup path a HS CX OX XX X3 col HS For the example shown here N 1 so that NT 1 2 Segment N 1 Determining the Redundant Path of a Turbo Ring V2 Ring Master Pall In t Ring Coupling Configuration For a Turbo Ring V2 ring the backup segment is the segment connected to the 2nd redundant port on the master See Configuring Turbo Ring V2 in the Configuring Turbo Ring and Turbo Ring V2 section below For some systems it may not be convenient to connect all devices in the system to create one BIG redundant ring since some devices could be located in a remote area For these systems Ring Coupling can be used to separate the devices into different smaller redundant rings but in such a way that they can still communicate with each other ATTENTION In a VLAN environment the user must set Redundant Port Coupling Port and Coupling Control Port to join all VLANs since these ports act as the backbone to transmit all packets of different VLANs to different switches Redundancy Protocol Turbo Ring Ring Coupling for a Turbo Ring Ring Switch B Switch D L E Main Path Coupling Control Port Ba
27. o Ring If master is not set the Turbo Ring protocol will assign master status to one of the switches in the ring The master is only used to determine which segment serves as the backup path Ring Turbo Ring Status Shows Healthy if the ring is operating normally and shows Break if the ring s backup link is active Ring 1st Port Status Ring 2nd Port Status The Ports Status indicators show Forwarding for normal transmission Blocking if this port is connected to a backup path and the path is blocked and Link down if there is no connection Ring Coupling Role Indicates whether or not this switch is assigned as coupler Ring Coupling Coupling Port Status Ring Coupling Coupling Control Port Status The Ports Status indicators show Forwarding for normal transmission Blocking if this port is connected to a backup path and the path is blocked and Link down if there is no connection Explanation of Settings Items Set as Master Setting Description Factory Default Enabled Select this switch as Master s Not checked Disabled Do not select this switch as Master Redundant Ports Setting Description Factory Default 1st Port Select any port of the switch to be one of the redundant ports Port G2 2nd Port Select any port of the switch to be one of the redundant ports Port G3 Ring Coupling Enable Setting Description Factory Default Enable Select this switch as Coup
28. onnects directly to an extra network port on Switch D With ring coupling established Switch A can activate the backup path as soon as it detects a problem with the main path Redundancy Protocol Turbo Ring ATTENTION Ring Coupling only needs to be enabled on one of the switches serving as the Ring Coupler The Coupler must designate different ports as the two Turbo Ring ports and the coupling port NOTE You do not need to use the same switch for both Ring Coupling and Ring Master Dual Ring Configuration applies only to Turbo Ring V2 The dual ring option provides another ring coupling configuration in which two adjacent rings share one switch This type of configuration is ideal for applications that have inherent cabling difficulties L Ring B Dual Ring for a Turbo Ring V2 Ring Master Master Dual Homing Configuration applies only to Turbo Ring V2 The dual homing option uses a single Ethernet switch to connect two networks The primary path is the operating connection and the backup path is a back up connection that is activated in the event that the primary path connection fails Dual Homing for a Turbo Ring V2 Ring Master Primary Path Ring A if Ring B Gent A Backup Pati Master Redundancy Protocol Turbo Ring Configuring Turbo Ring and Turbo Ring V2 Use the scrollbar at the top of the Redundancy Protocol page to select Turbo Ring Turbo Ring
29. ort in the Tail switch and configure two ports as Member ports in each of the Member switches 3 Connect the Head switch Tail switch and Member switches as shown in the above diagram The path connecting to the Head port is the main path and the path connecting to the Tail port is the backup path of the Turbo Chain Under normal conditions packets are transmitted through the Head Port to the LAN network If any Turbo Chain path is disconnected the Tail Port will be activated so that packet transmission can continue Configuring Turbo Chain Use the scrollbar at the top of the Redundancy Protocol page to select Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 Turbo Chain RSTP or MSTP Note that the configuration pages for these five protocols are different Protocol Setting Description Factory Default Turbo Ring Select this item to change to the Turbo Ring configuration page Turbo Ring V2 Select this item to change to the Turbo Ring V2 configuration page Turbo Chain Select this item to change to the Turbo Chain configuration page RSTP IEEE 802 1D 2004 Select this item to change to the RSTP configuration page MSTP IEEE 802 1s Select this item to change to the MSTP configuration page None 3 2 Redundancy Protocol Turbo Chain The following figures indicate which Turbo Chain parameters can be configured A more detailed explanation of each parameter follows Head Switch Configurat
30. rk Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 Turbo Chain STP RSTP Topology Ring Ring Chain Ring Mesh Ring Mesh Recovery Time 300 ms 20 ms 20 ms Up to 30 sec Up to 5 sec Most of Moxa s managed switches now support three proprietary Turbo Ring protocols 1 Turbo Ring refers to the original version of Moxa s proprietary redundant ring protocol which has a recovery time of under 300 ms Turbo Ring V2 refers to the new generation Turbo Ring which has a recovery time of under 20 ms 3 Turbo Chain is a new Moxa proprietary protocol with unlimited flexibility that allows you to construct any type of redundant network topology The recovery time is under 20 ms In this manual we use the terminology Turbo Ring and Turbo Ring V2 to differentiate between rings configured for one or the other of these protocols Gigabit Ethernet Redundant Ring Capability 50 ms Ethernet has become the default data communications I medium for industrial automation applications In fact Ethernet is often used to integrate video voice and high rate industrial application data transfers into one network Moxa switches come equipped with a redundancy Gigabit Ethernet protocol called Gigabit Turbo Ring With p F Gigabit Turbo Ring if any segment of the network gets Gigabit Turbo Ring disconnected your automation system will be back to Recovery Time 50 ms normal in less than 300 ms Turbo Ring or 50 ms Turbo Ring V2
31. take into account VLANs when calculating STP information the calculations only depend on the physical connections Consequently some network configurations will result in VLANs being subdivided into a number of isolated sections by the STP system You must ensure that every VLAN configuration on your network takes into account the expected STP topology and alternative topologies that may result from link failures The following figure shows an example of a network that contains VLANs 1 and 2 The VLANs are connected using the 802 1Q tagged link between switch B and Switch C By default this link has a port cost of 100 and is automatically blocked because the other switch to switch connections have a port cost of 36 18 18 This means that both VLANs are now subdivided VLAN 1 on switches A and B cannot communicate with VLAN 1 on switch C and VLAN 2 on switches A and C cannot communicate with VLAN 2 on switch B Switch A 100BaseTX 100BaseTX Full duplex Link Full duplex Link only carries VLAN1 only carries VLAN2 path cost 18 path cost 18 802 1Q tagged 100BaseTX Half duplex Link carries VLAN1 2 path cost 100 To avoid subdividing VLANs all inter switch connections should be made members of all available 802 1Q VLANs This will ensure connectivity at all times For example the connections between switches A and B and between switches A and C should be 802 1Q tagged and carrying VLANs 1 and 2 to ensure connectivity
32. tch as Member Switch Member Tail Select this switch as Tail Switch Head Role Setting Description Factory Default Head Port Select any port of this switch to be the head port G2 Member Port Select any port of this switch to be the member port G3 Member Role Setting Description Factory Default ist Member port Select any port of this switch to be the 1st member port G2 2nd Member port Select any port of this switch to be the 2nd member port G3 Tail Role Setting Description Factory Default Tail Port Select any port of this siwtch to be the tail port G2 Member Port Select any port of this switch to be the member port G3 3 4 The following topics are covered in this chapter O The STP RSTP MSTP Concept Whatis STP How STP Works Differences between STP RSTP and MSTP STP Example Using STP on a Network with Multiple VLANs Configuring STP RSTP Configuring MSTP Configuration Limits of STP RSTP QO 0000 4 STP RSTP MSTP Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP The STP RSTP MSTP Concept Spanning Tree Protocol STP was designed to help reduce link failures on a network and provide an automatic means of avoiding loops This is particularly important for networks that have a complicated architecture since unintended loops in the network can cause broadcast storms Moxa switches STP feature is disabled by default To be completely effective you must enable RSTP STP on ever
33. tocol is in use Turbo Ring Turbo Ring V2 Turbo Chain RSTP MSTP or None Role This field only appears when RSTP mode is selected The field indicates whether or not this switch is the Root of the Spanning Tree the root is determined automatically Explanation of Settings Items Forwarding delay sec Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value input The amount of time this device waits before checking to see if it 15 by user should change to a different state Bridge priority Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value Increase this device s bridge priority by selecting a lower number A device with a higher bridge priority has a greater Numerical value input by user The root of the Spanning Tree topology periodically sends out a hello message to other devices on the network to check if the topology is healthy The hello time is the amount of time the root waits between sending hello messages 32768 selected by user chance of being established as the root of the Spanning Tree topology Hello time sec Setting Description Factory Default Redundancy Protocol STP RSTP MSTP Max Age sec Setting Description Factory Default If this device is not the root and it has not received a hello message from the root in an amount of time equal to Max Numerical value input Age then this device will reconfigure itself as a root Once two 2
34. tocols Turbo Ring or Turbo Ring V2 If the Turbo Ring DIP Switch is enabled from any access interface web based UI console or Telnet and the 4 DIP Switch on the switch outer casing is set to ON the Redundancy Protocol will be set automatically to the Turbo Ring protocol based on the version configured in the Turbo Ring DIP Switch page and the corresponding Redundant Ports Coupling Ports and Coupling Control Port will be fixed to the assigned factory default port number automatically In this case you will not be able to use the web based UI console or Telnet interface to change the status of the DIP Switch and all settings in the Redundancy Protocol page will not be allowed to be configured as shown in the following figure Redundant Protocol Protocol Turbo Ring Status Active Protocol Turbo Ring EE ETS EE 2nd Port Status Ring Master Break Link down Link down Role Coupling Port Status Coupling Control Port Status Ring Coupling Disabled Settings Set as Master Redundant Ports 1st Port c2 2nd Port G3 Ring Coupling Enable Coupling Port G1 Coupling Control Port F In addition those default Redundant Ports Coupling Ports and Coupling Control Port will be added automatically to all VLANS i e to act as Trunk Ports if you set the 4th DIP Switch to the ON position when the Turbo Ring DIP Switch is enabled Once you flip the 4th DIP Switch back from ON to OFF when the Turbo Ring DIP Switch
35. ult 20 Revision Level Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value input by user 0 65535 The MSTP revision level is the revision number of the configuration All EDS switches in an MSTP region must be configured with the same revision level 0 Region Name Setting Description Factory Default Character string The region name helps define the logical boundary of the network All EDS switches in an MSTP region must be configured with the same name MSTP Configuration confirm Setting Enable Disable Description Clicking Apply button will only save the MSTP settings temporarily you can select to enable this configuration to activate the MSTP settings during the operation Factory Default Disabled Instance ID Explanation of Instance Settings Items Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value selected by user Within each MST region the MSTP maintains multiple spanning tree instances A common and internal spanning tree CIST is a collection of the following ISTs in each MST region and the common spanning tree CST that interconnects the MST regions and a single spanning tree All other MST instances are numbered from 1 to 15 Cist Vian Mapping Setting Description Factory Default Numerical value input by user 1 4094 Bridge priority Configure which VLAN ID is mapped to the multip
36. y Moxa switch connected to your network Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP implements the Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol defined by IEEE 802 1D 2004 RSTP provides the following benefits e The topology of a bridged network will be determined much more quickly compared to STP e RSTP is backwards compatible with STP making it relatively easy to deploy For example gt Defaults to sending 802 1D style BPDUs if packets with this format are received gt STP 802 1D and RSTP 802 1w can operate on different ports of the same switch which is particularly helpful when switch ports connect to older equipment such as legacy switches You get essentially the same functionality with RSTP and STP To see how the two systems differ see the Differences between STP RSTP and MSTP section in this chapter NOTE The STP protocol is part of the IEEE Std 802 1D 2004 Edition bridge specification The following explanation uses bridge instead of switch What is STP STP 802 1D is a bridge based system that is used to implement parallel paths for network traffic STP uses a loop detection process to e Locate and then disable less efficient paths i e paths that have a lower bandwidth e Enable one of the less efficient paths if a more efficient path fails The figure below shows a network made up of three LANs separated by three bridges Each segment uses at most two paths to communicate with the other segments Since this
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