DV4mini - ham
Contents
1. DCS002 etc Each DCS reflector has 26 rooms which are allocated to various regions of a country or continent These rooms A to Z have been given names to make their identification easier and are shown on the user surface of the DV4mini FCS FCS reflectors are similar to DCS reflectors but planned for the Yaesu C4FM system FCSOO1 and rooms 0 99 PCS PCS reflectors are also similar to DCS reflectors but used by the P25 system PCS001 and rooms 0 99 Xreflectors Xreflectors are the second generation of D STAR reflectors and no longer widely in use However in some countries like Italy they are still used as the hams have not yet agreed to a uniform concept Also Xreflectors have less ports over which simultaneous QSOs be run Xreflectors are named XRFOO1 XRFOO2 etc X Reflector IP Adresse Unfortunately XReflectors are not centrally organized thus it is not possible to come up with a reliable list of all Xreflecors The file xref ip contains the Xreflector name and the matching IP address or URL This list can be modified or updated by the user This file is in the same directory as DV4mini exe D Plus reflectors They were the first generation D STAR reflector system Although it is getting old it is still used intensively in a number of countries mostly english speaking ones like USA UK and Canada but even in Germany are a few operational D Plus reflectors are named REFOO1 REFOO2 7 etc They also use a num2. add myusername dialout The DV4mini program gets started by entering mono dv4mini exe in the console Or you can create a screen icon Linux ARM The same info as in PC Linux is valid However one has to assemble the required mono version oneself You can use the example given for the WSPR program on the website http dj0abr de german technik dds wsprbanana_ install htm An alternative approach was found by DL3MX which is described in detail in a separate document http dv4m ham dmr ch and works on nearly all Debian based computers and is simple and quick We realize that this may overwhelm some hams so we created complete images for the important computers which are also downloadable from http hddv4m ham dmr ch Screen DV Control After starting the program the following window appears on the screen 12 DV4mini Control Panel DY Control Experteneinstellungen RSS Info CPU 1 cores 17 SRR eRe ewe Pers nliche Daten DMR CCST ID 2628243 Hotspot Rufz DH5RAE c E Standort Stadt Spiegelau QTH Locator JN68QV C4FM Fusion Messages DCS Reflector i DV4mini Einstellungen O C4FM O P25 O D Star O DMR 12 0 12mW Power g RX GRG 435 10000 MHz T lt ORG 143510000 MHz SIMPLEX VERBINDE TRENNEN connected to FCSO01 0 O Picture S Meter UHR J 103 dBm 21 850 3906 21 850 0000 21 850 0000 21 850 0000 21 8
3. 0000 DV4mini C4FM gateway mode OFF 11 20 52 494697 0000 DMR Set Dongle 1D 2628243 DH5RAE 11 20 52 494731 0000 DV4mini C4FM hamnet mode OFF 11 20 52 494793 0000 DV4mini C4FM Repeatercall 11 20 53 487357 0993 DV4mini Connect request to C4FM P25 FCS00102 11 20 53 487518 0000 C4FM Connect to C4FM P25 Reflector FCS00102 11 20 53 595584 0108 C4FM Connected to C4FM Reflector FCS00102 AN connected to FCS001 2 CCS7 DBOSL 20 44 26 UTC 15 Ifthe boot loader does not start no red LED you can start it manually this is usually NEVER required N 4 a You connect the red marked points for example with tweezers while inserting the stick into a USB interface The boot loader starts now with LEDs in color Now you can start the user interface dv4mini and utilizing the Expert setup load the new firmware by clicking on Flash Firmware 16 Screen Expert setup DV4mini Control Panel Stick ID 8D FC 8F V1 61 local wn x rEsperteneinstell ngen 3 CPU 4 cores 38 DV Control POOL RSSI Reflector Info FW Update Info Netzwerkeinstellungen D Star 192 168 2 117 41856 8DFC8F verbunden DV4minis found TT akzeptiere nur eigenes Call IP Port SN Status DMR DMR QRG Korrektur HZ 200 I 7 use HAMNET IPs I auto connect DV4mini wanie macheten OL SED J Verschiedene Einstellungen C4FM L
4. 50 0000 22 787 0937 22 803 0016 22 834 0031 30 037 7203 DV4mini DV4mini DV4mini DV4mini DV4mini 21 850 0000 DMR DV4mini C4FH CAFE wis DSTAR DHSRAE C 2626243 F 435099750 435099750 qth JN6SQY town Spiegelau set mode Fusion C4FM gateway mode OFF C4FM hamnet mode OFF C4FM Repeatercall Set Dongle ID 2628243 DHSRAE Connect request to C4FM P25 FC500100 Connect to C4FM P25 Reflector FC500100 Online C4FM Reflector FC500100 Connected to CCS A connected to FCS001 0 CCS7 The user surface is pretty simple and should not create problems CAFM mode DMR CCS7 ID the 7 digit number ID If you don t have one yet or have forgotten yours go to xreflector net and query under USER Register or apply for one Hotspot call sign If you entered your CCS7 ID the own call will automatically be inserted and the letter D is pre entered One cannot enter it manually If several hotspots are used then different letters must be used Location and QTH locator They will be shown on the Xreflector page D STAR DMR C4FM and P25 select the mode you use Power Adjust the power output see technical data Pac RX QRG this is the frequency the DV4mini receives on When using DMR it is also the transmit frequency TX QRG in D Star mode you can operate in duplex mode not in DMR and you can enter the transmit frequency here After inputting these the D
5. DVAmini DV4mini D Star DMR C4FM P25 Hotspot USB Stick User Guide Version 9 2015 DV Development GroupVersion 1 61 Author German Version DH5RAE English translation N1DL Table of Contents Capability of this board and Softwar8l oooocccnncococcccccccccnnnoconnnononancninnnos 3 Digital Modes e sun 3 DESEAT ee Een Eee 4 A NENNE EEE REN ERNRERRRORRITLTEUNNERTESSENHTENENEFTERETTE ERDE DR 4 CAF Na ERE 5 A O AR RI RO EAS II RONDAS TA 5 System requirements un ll 5 AA sense ee 6 DESADigital Call Server ee ee 6 BS a a A O a n I bandas coeise 7 POS a aa EEE 7 SO O 7 ARA AS de 7 pl n a E Aea aa a 7 DMR FET OO O een 8 Net organization ECT tence een AAA AAA ADS 8 Operating MOUeS unser llei 8 A nat ee bie ete AE OARE ee gr 9 Technical A ss ee he net RR 9 AntenNas z a a 10 Software Instala ON AS 11 a a a ae a a AEE EEES A ae duane aaah 11 DIVA EEE EEE EEE niente 11 A re ET 11 RA ee aa ten le all ates aaa ee EB 12 Screen DV CORTON rss een een 12 Bootloader Firmware update uunsensessensennennennnnnnnnennnnnnnnnn nun nennen nn 15 Screen Expert SEID ee 17 DV4mini list and auto Connect uunnnenennnnnnennnennnnnnnnnnnn nennen nenn nennen 17 Acceptonly OWN Call SION ne da dan 17 Language ai ENERGIE doi dns 18 Select HextIOCau0NE es do O TS 18 Gateway for C4FM Repeater Calli coococccccccccccnconnnccnnnnncnoninananononnno 18 Hamnet A A EN 18 Only OWN AS 18 TA DuffEr SIZE nee ee 19 Remote Contro
6. P25 4 A PC with Windows XP 7 8 1 10 Linux on a PC or an ARM computer like a Raspberry BananaPi or Odroid 5 Internet access The DV4mini will be connected thru the USB interface with a PC or a single board computer and the required software will be installed After starting and setting up the software one now has a Hotspot for the 70 cm band and can use it with a D STAR or DMR transceiver 5 This picture shows a DV4mini connected to a Raspberry Pl 2 Mod B On the upper right is a WLAN stick and below it the DV4mini In addition there are also connections to a keyboard a mouse and a HDMI display This configuration allows for a power saving continuos operation at low expense Reflectors A reflector is a server connected to the Internet or HamNET and is linked to a number of digital Ham Radio repeaters If one of these repeaters is active it will send the voice data stream to the reflector The reflector sends a copy of these voice data to all ofthe connected repeaters This means that a QSO can be heard on all connected repeaters simultaneously Thus the chance to find a QSO partner is considerably increased which is one of the reasons reflectors are quite popular Today the following systems are in operation DCS Digital Call Server DCS is the most modern D STAR reflector system and in worldwide use Many countries use their own reflectors which differ from each 6 other by their 3 digit number DCS001
7. V4mini will store them Reflector selection select a reflector of your choice in D Star also specify the port and click CONNECT to create a connection or DISCONNECT to cut an existing connection As already utilized in D Star reflector selection is possible by using the touch tone DTMF feature For example to change to reflector DCSO24C type D2403 In C4FM it would be A and the room number A10 disconnects from the room In DMR one cannot use DTMF Info field Here is information displayed that is transmitted For example the picture stored in www qrz com for a received call sign is shown You can actually select what is displayed by using the knobs below the window Below you see the S meter The RSSI value will be stored over a 24 hour period and shown in the RSSI window The display of the noise level may be different from PC to PC Depending on the noise level display values of 90 to 120 dBm are possible In the monitor window you may find diagnostic info created by various program segments They are for experts but may be of interest for normal users to get a better feel what is happening 14 On the lower screen segment you find status reports The CPU use is displayed as a bar on the upper right Bootloader Firmware update In order to update the firmware a boot loader is installed in the DV4mini First you save the new firmware file on your computer Normally you will find it at http dv4m ha
8. anguage Sprache C English Deutsch 7 Gateway f r C4FM Repeater Call TX Puffer Gr e s fio use CFM Repeater Call S Meter MN 92 dBm 11 20 52 494459 0000 ADF set RX TX qrg 435099800 435099800 3 11 20 52 494585 0000 DV4mini set mode Fusion 11 20 52 494673 0000 DV4mini C4FM gateway mode OFF 11 20 52 494697 0000 DMR Set Dongle 1D 2628243 DH5RAE 11 20 52 494731 0000 Dv4mini C4FM hamnet mode OFF 11 20 52 494793 0000 DV4mini C4FM Repeatercall 11 20 53 487357 0993 DV4mini Connect request to C4FM P25 FCS00102 11 20 53 487518 0000 C4FM Connect to C4FM P25 Reflector FCS00102 11 20 53 595584 0108 C4FM Connected to C4FM Reflector FCS00102 E connected to FCS001 2 CCS7 OE6XDG 20 39 29 UTC DV4mini list and auto connect The list shows all sticks found in your local network and the sticks s status If you run a stick without user interface then you have to start the program dv_serial on this computer Usually auto connect should be checked The user interface will automatically connect to the next available stick You can run more than one sticks in your local network with dv_serial started and then select one of them by clicking in the list Accept only own call sign if this entry is active then only one D Star transceiver with the same call sign as the DV4mini call sign can operate via the hotspot All others are locked out This is a require
9. ber of ports allowing for simultaneous QSOs DMR reflectors DMR reflectors consist of several regional servers that are connected with each other via a superordinate network Two nets exist One based on Hytera and the other based on Motorola technology As Hytera is open towards Ham Radio the DV4mini sticks check into the Hytera based network In the meantime there are also some cross connections existing that allow communication beyond ones net limits Net organization CCS7 The many reflectors repeaters and also Dongle users the DV4mini is a Dongle too require a structured organization so that the network technology works properly D Star works with call signs to identify a station DMR however uses numbers That is why it is necessary that an amateur radio station gets a number assigned in addition to its call sign and that this call sign number combination is known to the network Every ham can go to the web site xreflector net and request a 7 digit number to be assigned This number is then entered into the specific field on the DV4mini software This facilitates reporting into the network and conduct worldwide contacts in D Star or DMR and the use of D Star DMR bridges Operating modes Digital ham radio repeaters are connected via reflectors This allows for worldwide connections from one repeater to another With a hotspot DV4mini one creates ones own connection to this reflector network and gets access to all c
10. der to fine computer 1 is IP address needs to be entered in the field distant DV4m ni IPPURL and you activate Remote Control on off Now one can control with computer 2 computer 1 You will get all displays and full control over all set up as if you are sitting in front of computer 1 19 Operating without a user interface Ifone only starts the program dv_serial from a console then the DV4mini stick starts up with the last selected configuration and connects to the last used reflector This allows for an extremely power saving operation which should make Linux purists happy However it also works in Windows the same way Copyright The rights for the DV4mini stick and its software are reserved with DG8FAC Stefan Reimann DG1HT Torsten Schultze and DJOABR Kurt Moraw The rights for the DMRPLUS and P25 software module are entirely with DG1HT Torsten Schultze Important Links Software Firmware Operating Manuals Drivers http dv4m ham dmr ch Developer info and interfaces www djOabr de DMR CCS7 number allocation at www xreflector net Operating conditions This product must only be used within the technical data limits provided All other not specifically listed operations are not permitted The product is exclusively for use by licensed Amateur Radio Operators Commercial use or operation outside the ham bands is specifically prohibited Damaged or moist units may not be operated The same goes f
11. he filter in 250 Hz steps Without using expensive test gear it is simple to get to an accurate adjustment 18 You should be able to simultaneously listen to D Star reflector DCSOO1V In DMR mode for to reflector 4012 which is connected to the D Star DCSOO1V Now change the receive frequency of the stick and listen to the signal in D Star The point between no data bad modulation and good modulation is 100 Hz Now find the frequency going down and up where no longer data come through or in T Star PTT no longer works The arithmetic center between these two frequencies is the optimal setting and can be entered in this field TX buffer size Before being transmitted through the built in 70 cm transceiver the signal is being buffered This is necessary to fill data holes that develop in the internet transmissions ping times Ifyou have a good and fast DSL connection you won t need buffers and keep this setting small However if you use mobile networks H Edge LTE etc holes in the data stream can be substantial In this case you pick buffer sizes of 1 or 1 5 seconds His will delay the transmission a bit but will close the holes and thus eliminate many interruptions Remote Control One can control the DV4mini additionally from another computer Computer 1 This is where the DV4mini USB stick is plugged in One starts the program dv_serial in console mode Computer 2 Here you start dv4mini exe the user surface In or
12. la do 19 Operating without a user interface uensuesensnesennennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nenne nnennnnn 20 CORSO ee ee ee 20 IMPOR edad 20 Operating conditions acia anne 20 Capability of this board and Software The DV4mini is a very small but also very capable USB Stick that can expand any PC into a Hotspot for the D STAR DMR C4FM and APCO P25 modes It consists of a powerful 32 bit micro controller a complete 70 cm transceiver and a modulator demodulator for GMSK and 4FSK incl Raised Cosine and also a USB interface The DV4mini does not require external power as it is powered via the USB interface Due to the economical voltage converter even older USB interfaces suffice The DV4mini is supplied together with a simple to use and comprehensive software package This allows linking with DCS XRF and REF reflectors for D STAR as well s DMR P25 and Fusion reflectors Many hams have a DV capable transceiver but cannot reach the closest DV repeater With the DV4mini it has become possible to create a hotspot with minimal resources and thus get access to the DV network We are talking about a small board inside a USB stick with a SMA antenna socket It is also possible to link C4FM repeaters with the reflector network Digital Modes The DV4mini can handle four digital modes D Star D Star was developed in Japan 1999 2000 especially for ham radio and due to its clear and relative simple user interface the worldwide leading sys
13. m dmr ch In the Expert Tab click on Flash Firmware This makes the LEDs on the stick blink in color and then the red one will stay on A file selection window opens and you navigate to the location of the new firmware file After selecting it the firmware will be updated Now end the program and restart it again It may take a little while until the stick is found again Be patient Generally nothing bad should happen because if any error occurs the boot loader will be protected Even with a power outage or interruption of the USB interface one can just repeat the update DV4mini Control Panel Stick ID 8D FC 8F V1 61 local Yox DV Control Experteneinstellungen RSSI Reflector Info P Jinfo Eru A corer ARS LIT Firmware Update 1 Lade eine neue Version von dv4m ham dmr ch 2 Speichere die neue Datei auf der Festplatte 3 Klicke Flash Firmware die bunten LEDs flackern dann leuchtet rot dauerhaft m Datei Dialog w hle die Firmwaredatei von der Festplatte 5 TER bis der Flashvorgang beendet ist roter Balken 6 warte bis DV4mini neu gestartet wurde Falls der Update unterbrochen wird oder fehlschl gt wiederhole ihn einfach Falls der Bootloader nicht startet starte ihn manuell wie im Handbuch beschrieben Flash Firmware S Meter EEE 99 dBm 11 20 52 494459 0000 ADF set RX TX qrg 435099800 435099800 3 11 20 52 494585 0000 DV4mini set mode Fusion 11 20 52 494673
14. ment in some countries regulations This is only doable for D Star mode ye Language English or German This setting changes the language of the user interface and also the language of the announcements Select next location This is where the closest DMR Master is selected One can actually operate via any master worldwide but should select the closest for the shortest ping time Not all offered Masters are online If a connection to a DMR reflector doesn t work pick another one Gateway for C4FM Repeater Call If you use the DV4mini as a gateway for a C4FM repeater you need to click on this field and add the call sign of the repeater Otherwise the repeater will not retransmit Hamnet IP If this is elected HAMNET IP addresses will be used instead of the normal IP addresses This function may not work in all modes yet It works for C4FM and as soon as the reflector servers can support it it will be implemented Only own call This function is only supported in D Star mode If selected the call of the user must be identical to the call of the DV4mini or the transmission will not be relayed to the reflector Frequency Correction Experience has shown that sometimes the frequency of the stick and the transceiver used don t match well The bandwidth of the filter is approx 800 Hz especially in DMR The accuracy of the TRX in the stick is 2 5ppm which on 70 cm is approx 600 Hz This control lets you get to the middle of t
15. n to the Hytera network However if Motorola repeaters have installed the appropriate software they can also be reached DMR reflectors have numbers in the range of 4000 to 5000 each region has its reflector which can be selected in the DV4mini menu C4FM Fusion C4FM FUsion is a system developed by YAESU It is based like DMR on 4FSK and transmits also 4 frequencies with a total data rate of 9600 bits s It also uses the same AMBE Codec as DMR but needs only 3600 bits s The extra bits are used in D4FM Fusion in a different way They can be utilized for data transfer e g GPS but also for additional error correction to make the speech more robust during interference There is also a mode for high speech quality which uses all bits for speech only C4FM Fusion reflectors are named FCSOO1 etc All DV4minis connected to a reflector can hear each other It is very easy to to connect a C4FMFusion repeater to the FCS reflector system Just put a Raspberry computer with a DV4mini next to the repeater and enter the reverse RX TX frequencies Done P25 In Germany and increasingly in the USA Motorola repeaters are in use that utilize this mode Because of the similarity with C4FM we included this mode in the DV4mini There is also a reflector for it in reflector net System requirements These components are a prerequisite 1 DV4mini USB stick 2 PC Software DV4mini Control Panel 3 A DV capable radio D Star DMR C4FM
16. nd lt 50dBm DV4mini output power steps 10 steps Antenna Comply with your country s regulations regarding automatic operation The DV4mini requires an antenna It must not be used without an antenna You can use the commonly available rubber ducks with a SMA connector like the ones used with walkies The DV4mini must not be connected to a high Yagi or similar antenna Ifyou use a physically adjustable antenna be careful that when you adjust the position of the antenna you hold onto the base and not the housing Otherwise you may damage the SMA connector The DV4mini must be used only when you are nearby Unmanned operation requires in almost all countries separate licenses or permits ATTENTION Do not overload the SMA connector when handling the antenna Always hold on to the base and not the stick Damaged SMA connectors are not covered by warranty In order to utilize the stick in many countries the DV4mini covers a large range of frequencies from 420 to 450 MHz It is the operators 10 responsibility to utilize only the frequencies appropriate in his country Software installation The software for the DV4mini includes the following files dv4mini exe dv serial exe Windows For Window 7 and higher the driver will be installed automatically as soon as you plug in the stick into the USB interface Windows XP is not longer supported See http dv4m ham dmr ch That is where you also find the setup p
17. onnected ham radio 8 repeaters The hotspot includes a low power 70 cm transceiver All voice communications on the connected reflector will be transmitted by the hotspot on 70 cm and one can listen with a digital radio and of course also transmit Thus a hotspot is an ideal solution in one has no good access to a digital repeater e g inside buildings due to distance or at a vacation spot For such a hotspot you use your own call sign Reduce your transmit power to just enough to cover your living area for reliable communication Hardware Use the Hotspot Mode to enter the frequency to be utilized for DV operation check your band plan Your transceiver will be set up for Simplex use RX and TX on the same frequency The DV4mini takes the 5 Volt operating voltage from the USB interface On a few PCs this voltage however may be too low we measured below 4 5 V on some In this case you can t operate The best solution is then to use a USB adapter with its own power Supply Technical Data Frequency range Resolution RX TX D Star RX TX DMR Modulation D Star Modulation DMRPLUS Antenna connector USB interface Operating Voltage Current max RX 420 450 MHz ca 250 Hz Duplex 0 any shift Simplex TX RX QRG GMSK Gaussian 2FSK 4FSK Raised Cosine SMA female 50 Ohm USB type A 4 75 5 25V 15 mA 9 TX with 12 mW 188 mA S Meter 1dBm resolution accuracy 1dBm gt 100 dBm a
18. or defective or abnormal appearing units Use in vehicles aircraft or under dangerous conditions is not permitted As the installation use and operation of this product cannot be monitored the full responsibility rests with the user The product may only be operated if the user is fully aware of the risks and dangers which may result from 20 the operation The manufacturer will not be liable for personal damages property damage losses or expenses which result from misuse or operation of this product This includes claims for damages for failure or malfunctions If the user does not have the necessary know how to assemble install or operate or is not in agreement with the operating conditions he she may not use the product Standard warranty conditions apply Al further claims are excluded CE A WEEE Reg Nr DE75652825 21
19. rogram for Windows Download it from the site and start it It will install all program segments and the needed additional programs by Microsoft This will create a DV4mini icon to let you start the program Additionally you need to install the Microsoft Package Visual Studio 2013 Redistributable in the 32 bit Version Attention Even if you use 64 bit Windows you still need to install the 32 bit Visual Studio 2013 Redistributable or install both 32 and 64 bit Driver installation A standard driver by Microsoft is used After plugging in the stick Windows will search for the driver in the internet This search can sometimes take a long time up to 20 minutes Wait until this driver is installed If you are lucky it happens in seconds Do not interrupt the process have a cup of coffee and wait it out Should Windows not look for a driver you can go to Device Manager find the stick and click on update the driver 11 Linux PC The program requires the complete installation of Mono You install for example with apt get the packet mono complete Until an installation packet is available at a later time one has to install manually Download the proper zip file to your PC http dv4m ham dmr ch and unpack it into a directory of your choice below the home directory In order to gain access tot he USB serial interface the user account must become a member of the group dialout Open the Console and enter sudo gpasswd
20. tem Voice is being transformed by the AMBE Vocoder into a compressed digital data stream of 3600 bits s In addition there is a data channel with 1200 bits s for a total data rate of 4800 bits s This data signal modulates a carrier so that a logical O is one frequency and a logical 1 a second frequency This is called 2FSK two frequency shift keying or GMSK which is the same however the signal is utilized with a Gauss curve This signal can be used to modulate most FM transceivers via the packet radio socket This is the reason why there are any home made D Star solutions For communication three reflector systems are utilized DCS the system with widest use D Plus REF reflectors mostly in the english speaking countries and the x Reflector system which plays a minor role DV4mini enables communication via all these systems DMR DMR is a system designed for commercial applications This is evident in the user interface where numbers are used in lieu of call signs DMR modulates with 4FSK indicating that it uses 4 frequencies compared to D Star with 2 frequencies This allows to double the data rate to 9600 bit s This higher rate allows the transmission of 2 channels at the same time 2 time slots The DV4mini always operates in time slot 1 and in simplex mode The radios must be configured accordingly Today there are two DMR networks in use One based on Hydra technology and the other on Motorola The DV4mini checks i
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