Tx II Transmitter - Instrumentation GDD
Contents
1. the IP crew will use the generator properly as described in the user s manual provided with it Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 9 4 FIELD OPERATIONS This section presents a description of the proper field operation that should be follow by the operators before during and after a survey while using GDD IP Transmitters 4 1 Weather Conditions For safety issues Instrumentation GDD inc does not recommend working when it is raining and or during storms presence of thunder and or lightning e The presence of water on the ground over the equipment etc increases the risk of accidental electric shocks since water is conductive e t is the responsibility of each operator in the field to suspend the survey when the weather conditions are not adequate heavy rain thunder lightning etc e Lightning strikes will usually cause significant electrical interference to geophysical surveys and can damage the equipment Moreover they increase the risk of accidental electric shocks for the operators e In these kind of weather conditions it is recommended to suspend the survey and disconnect the wires from the transmitter The crew should go to a safe place until the storm is over and stay away from the wires that may have been struck by lightning 4 2 Stand alone operation Here are the basic steps for a safe stand alone operation of GDD IP Transmitters IMPORTANT READ CAREFULLY Before manipulating the generator wir2. Description Tinned copper rubber insulated Suggested Working Voltage 10 000V Breakdown Voltage 29 000 an ae Gas Tube Sign and Ignition UL GTO 10 10kV 105 C CSA Type GTO 10 10kV Product Description GTO cables are single conductors for use with gas tube systems for signs outline lighting or interior lights and for use with oll burning equipment in accordance with the National Electrical Code GTO 10 lead wire has an 18 AWG stranded tinned copper conductor and is insulated with a chemically cross linked ethylene propylene diene elastomer Unshielded it is availabie with either a flat black color code 10 or dark gray color code 876 exterior Strandes ne copper conductor 18 AWG Rubber Insulated 5000V 90 C Product Description Tinned copper rubber insulated Suggested Working Voltage 5000V Breakdown Voltage 20 000V oe Instrumentation GDD Inc E J Standard E J nominas 0D Uni Weight Stock Colors See Cater Codes weet ww me im a a ie a Scien 18 AWG Rubber Insulated 10 000V 90 C 18 65x36 088 224 229 582 25 16 17 2 10 100 305 44 20 2 10 500 1524 200 91 2 10 AWG Standard stranding Thickness Nominal OD Standard Lengihs joy Weight stranding In mm 10kV 105 C UL 10kV CSA UL and CSA Type GTO 10 39018 18 19x30 100 254 247 627 500 1524 180 82 1 96 19x25 1000 3048 370 168 1500 4573 540 245 Spoots may contain mors than ons plece Lengt
3. IP TRANSMITTERS Model Txil and Txill Safe Operating Procedures 1800W 2400V 10A 3600W 2400V 10A 5000W 2400V 10A INSTRUMENTATION 860 boul de la Chaudi re suite 200 Qu bec Qc Canada G1X 4B7 Tel 1 418 877 4249 Fax 1 418 877 4054 a E Mail gdd gdd ca Web site www gdd ca Visit our web site at WWW GDD CA To e Discover GDD s new products e Comment on or ask questions about products Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION saivassesasiccusarchncsacestnecanassiusosnsbodeanednercadocisesanesnasendes side IA EIA aaa 4 Zs GENERALINFORMATION asirio ninia AN REA 4 3 SAFETY MATERIALS cccsisanassisccssasavsessiecnecsnnsonseceswacewsssenaseissenvecsnavanesesunseuaosusobsnsgudasoenasanecouswsaunenneds 5 3 1 PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENTS caida eo OR ee te 5 o O EE 6 o RESET A A A 6 3 4 GDD TRANSMITTER GROUND ococccncccnoconoccncanocanocanocanocanocarocanocarocanocarocaroo o rocoso O mcm 7 A E AAA ee 9 4 FIELD OPERATIONS ososanioiasamesia caros dieran cos loo notan ans e sido 10 4 1 WEATHER CONDITIONS cssccssecsscccsecceeccsetscesseessenssenssess o recono co encon non nr rr rcr rara 10 4 2 STAND ALONE OPERATION ooccocccnoccnoaconanocanoaano ga ea a aa nc Me ee co cc Msc ccseccseeseesseesseessensseess 10 ANNEX 1 WIRES SELECTION sisccsseccscscvanionsessusessenssnncgeso sian se screen ent tnua penis ententes rente nine 11 ANNEX Ao A AMA A o 11 Ins
4. es For safety issues please find below some recommendations for the electrodes used with GDD IP Transmitters in order to minimize risks of electric shock for the users There is risk of electric shock each time an electrode is touched during a survey Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 6 Suggestions 1 The connection between the wire and the electrode should be insulated With insulated connectors it will be safer for the operator to connect or disconnect the wire from the electrode between each station 2 An alarm could be added on the transmitter s electrodes in order to warn the operator of the presence of a current NOTE The GDD team introduced a new IP accessory the current indicator in order to increase the safety of the field operators For more information refer to Annex 2 Electrodes at the end of this document 3 4 GDD Transmitter Ground GDD recommends to ground both the transmitter and the generator with an earth stake The earth point green jack in front of the Pelican case on the GDD IP Transmitter model Txll is directly connected to the metal chassis of the transmitter This is the only connection point to the chassis as the plastic case is electrically insulated from the chassis making it safer to operate and reducing the risk of electrical hazards in case of internal electrical problems Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page Why is the earth wire in the power lead to the generator not con
5. es or electrodes it is VERY IMPORTANT for every operator to always make sure that the transmitter is turned off On the other hand the transmitter operator must always make sure that nobody has manipulated the electrodes wires or generator before turning on the transmitter IP crew or outsiders Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 10 1 Before using the generator the following must be verified e The generator is securely parked and restrained on level ground e The engine has sufficient oil and coolant supply e The fuel supply is sufficient for the survey session e The generator is grounded with an earth stake 2 Before turning the transmitter on the following must be verified e The transmitter is properly connected to the generator e The chassis ground connector in front of the transmitter s Pelican case is properly connected with an earth stake e The wires between the electrodes and the transmitter are in good condition e The wires are properly connected to the output terminals of the transmitter In order to connect the wires to these terminals the operator must press the button over each terminal and insert the wires The operator should be careful these terminals can reach up to 2400V e The wires are properly connected to the electrodes e There are two vent pipes on the control panel Make sure that the airflow is not being obstructed by any object e g leaves snow etc e The voltage selector is at
6. h may vary 10 trom length shown 10 876 10 876 10 876 Ey Ey si Sec 18 AWG Rubber Insulated 5000V 90 C 18 65x36 045 1 14 Stock Colors Bee Color Codes Chart on Page 3 29 o weight 144 3 66 10 3 0 2 2 10 14 43 5 2 2 10 25 76 3 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 100 305 23 10 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 U 500 U 1524 80 36 2 10 500 1524 85 39 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 U 1000 U 304 8 7 3 2 10 1000 3048 1 1 2 10 2013 12 11 Page 16 TE 18 AWG PVC Insulated UL 18 AWG PVC Insulated UL AWM Style 1855 5000V 80 C UL AWM Style 1855 5000V 80 C 9899 18 65x36 048 122 144 366 100 305 22 10 2 10 500 1524 75 34 2 5 9 10 Product Description 71000 3048 150 68 210 Tinned copper PVC insulated Use test probe leads for electrical and electronic measuring for test equipment Ey Standard Ey EPST OD Standard Lengins Unit Weight AAA 18 AWG Rubber Insulated 18 AWG Rubber Insulated 5000V 80 C 5000V 80 C 8897 18 65x36 045 114 144 366 U 500 U 1524 85 39 500 1524 85 39 Product Description Tinned copper separator rubber insulated Manufactured for MIL W 131698 suggested Working Voltage 5000V Breakdown Voltage 20 0004 lt Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 17 ANNEX 2 ELECTRODES This annex presents some recommendations for the electrodes used with GDD IP Transmitters in order to minimize risk of being hurt by electric shock for the users 1 Insulated electrodes Transmitte
7. lized by V CURRENT Electrical current is a measure of the amount of electrical charge transferred per unit time It represents the flow of electrons through conductive material The common symbol for current is the uppercase letter The standard unit is the ampere symbolized by A Electric current can be Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 4 either direct or alternating Direct current DC flows in the same direction at all points in time although the instantaneous magnitude of the current might vary In an alternating current the flow of charge carriers reverses the direction periodically NOTE GDD IP Transmitters are powered by alternative current by standard commercial generators but transmit direct current The current and voltage represent a danger of electric shock or electrocution For example a voltage of 220V can generate a current higher than 3 4 mA that can be felt by humans Moreover if a current of 300mA 400mA passes through your heart you can have a heart attack and die If you get an electric shock you get a sudden painful feeling when you touch something which is connected to a supply of electricity On the other hand if someone is electrocuted they are accidentally killed or badly injured when they touch something connected to a source of electricity 3 SAFETY MATERIALS This section presents a description of the proper materials that should be used with GDD IP Transmitters 3 1 Perso
8. nal Safety Equipments For the safety of the users Instrumentation GDD inc strongly recommends to always wear electrically insulated shoes and gloves when operating GDD IP Transmitters or working with a geophysical crew using this equipment Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 5 Wear electrically insulated shoes or boots They should be approved by a Certifying organization CSA ANSI i e marked with the logo Ne Wear electrically insulated gloves rated class 1 7 5 kV The operators should wear hearing protection if they work within 3 meters of the generator 3 2 IP Wires When using GDD IP Transmitters proper wire sizes with adequate electrical insulation must be used It is the responsibility of the transmitter s operator to make sure that the wires used with GDD IP Transmitters are adequate for the survey and are in good condition The maximum voltage and current settings for a given survey must correspond to the current carrying capacity and the insulation material of the wires being used With GDD IP Transmitters you can send up to 10A or 4800V in the Master Slave configuration Consequently it is necessary to make sure that the wires are appropriate to send a current of 10A or a voltage of 4800V For example we recommend using the following wires with GDD IP Transmitters 18 AWG Insulated wires with a working voltage of 5000V For more information refer to Annex 1 Wires at the end of this document 3 3 Electrod
9. nected Generally the green wire is typically connected to the metal chassis of the powered electrical unit to provide a grounding connection in case of an electrical malfunction In order to be efficient though the generator must be locally grounded with an earth stake If not the generator can be seen as an extension of the metal chassis of the transmitter which could lead to electrical hazards in case of an electrical malfunction in the transmitter The green wire is therefore not connected and the user must ground both the transmitter and the generator If someone omits to do so it is still safer to operate the TX than if the green wire were connected the chassis of the transmitter being electrically insulated from the plastic case as well as the metal chassis of the generator Chassis insulated Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 8 The green wire could also potentially add a ground loop through the earth stakes between the TX and the generator causing false anomalies in the survey This is why the earth wire in the power lead to the generator is not connected 3 5 Generator You must make sure that your generator is suitable to be used with GDD IP Transmitters in order to avoid failure You can check the transmitter s nameplate for specificity Every GDD IP Transmitter should be used with a regulated one phase generator 220 240VAC 50 60Hz or 120VAC 60 Hz depending on the model It is important to make sure that
10. o the wire the operator must confirm twice with the transmitter s operator that he is at least at 3 meters away from the electrode and wires e The transmitter s operator is now ready to restart the procedure from the beginning 1 Before using the generator Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 13 ANNEX 1 WIRE SELECTION 1 Current carrying capacity Factors which determine the current carrying capacity of wires are the cross sectional area the type of wire the ambient temperature and the duty cycle used to transmit the waveform With GDD IP Transmitters you can send up to 10A Consequently it is necessary to make sure that the wires are appropriate to send a current of 10A The following table lists the current carrying Capacities for various wire sizes at different duty cycles You must be careful not to exceed the current rating Wire specifications AwWG Dinh Dmm Ohms 1000ft Ohms Kkm Max A Cha This table is a guideline of ampacity or copper wire current carrying capacity following the Handbook of Electronic Tables and Formulas for American Wire Gauge As you might guess the rated ampacities are just a rule of thumb In careful engineering the insulation temperature limit thickness thermal conductivity and air convection and temperature should all be taken into account The current carrying capacity of the wire depends on the duty cycle The applying formula is lec I v 1 Duty Cycle For exam
11. ple at a 50 duty cycle the wire will carry 41 more current 1 41 v 1 0 5 and for a 25 duty cycle the wire can carry twice the current 2 v 1 0 25 Instrumentation GDD inc suggests using stranded wires since they are more flexible and robust Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 14 2 Electrical insulation Factors which determine the electrical insulation are the type and thickness of the insulation material The Txll and Txlll are capable of sending 4800V Consequently it is necessary to ensure that the wire is capable of carrying high voltage Care should be taken to check for broken wires cracked insulation etc Here is a short list of suggested wires that withstand 25 KV Thermo Trex 40200 Teflon jacket Ones that can sustain 10 KV Belden 8898 Rubber and Belden 39018 Ethylene Propylene and some at 5 KV Belden 8899 Rubber Belden 9899 PVC Belden 8897 Rubber Make sure that the wires can sustain at least 5000V before performing a survey laniter Wire SPECIFICATIONS An 16 AWG Single conductor etter wro wth a PFA bation jack he product Sio has nose pisted copper conciucion aro is UL rated to 290 1 487 and 25XWVDC It has also Deen used nm non LE rated apobcations up to PEN CIAL VD t EX MAC ORDERING IW FORMATION ANG MONA PART NO SIZE VOLTAGE JACKET TEMPERATURE CD JE ZSXVOC Fiach a rec oe J E X 3 x Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 15 18 AWG Rubber Insulated 10 000V 90 C Product
12. r electrodes can be made from two different materials a conductive one for the transmission of the current and an insulated material to protect the operator from high voltage plastic rubber etc The handle or the top of the electrode could be isolated to protect the operator against electric shocks current 2 Safe connection The connection between the wire and the electrode could be insulated With insulated connectors it would be safer for the operator to connect or disconnect the wire from the electrode between each station 3 Current Indicator Developed in 2010 the new GDD Current Indicator enhances field operator s safety during Resistivity and Induced Polarization surveys while they are manipulating wires and electrodes A LED indicates the presence of current and the operator can follow the transmission cycle Moreover this is an innovative way to measure the real current transmitted into the ground MAXIMUM 10 A A FN Fay ADS GLD oo a L 10 Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 18
13. the lowest voltage scale 150V e The 1 0X 1 5X mode switch is at the 1 0X position e The contact with the ground is good You can verify the contact with the ohmmeter display showing the ground resistance when the generator is plugged in and the transmitter is powered OFF e The transmitter s operator must always confirm twice with every person in the crew that nobody has manipulated the electrodes wires or generator before turning on the transmitter and that nobody is within 3 meters around these accessories wires electrodes generator 3 Turning on the equipment e Turn the generator ON e Turn the transmitter ON by toggling the ON OFF Switch in high position START e Increase the output voltage in order to increase the output power by pressing down the Voltage Selector and turning it clockwise at the same time Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 11 NOTES The transmitter will automatically stop within microseconds if a short circuit occurs or if the circuit becomes open GDD IP Transmitters have an internal open loop protection circuit to prevent direct electric shock to the operator This protection triggers when the electrodes are not connected to the output terminals or when the current is less than 30 mA There is also an emergency stop button that shuts down all power inside the transmitter completely and quickly This button is a safety mechanism and must be used in an emergency Situation The transmitter
14. trumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 3 1 INTRODUCTION GDD IP Transmitters models Txil and Txlll are mostly used for time domain induced polarization surveys Since GDD IP Transmitters models Txll and Txlll are used to send currents into the ground using high voltage up to 4800V in Master Slave configuration precautions have to be taken in order to minimize risks of electric shock or electrocution for the users The main purpose of this document is to provide a quick overview on the best way to operate GDD IP transmitters safely Take note that additional safety operating procedures may be necessary depending on the specific characteristics related to each survey and its location IMPORTANT Every geophysical field crew should read this document and the instruction manual provided with the equipment before using GDD IP Transmitters 2 GENERAL INFORMATION This section presents some useful definitions or information related to electricity for a better understanding of the following safe operating procedure VOLTAGE Voltage is a representation of the electric potential energy per unit charge If a unit of electrical charge were placed in a location the voltage indicates the potential energy of it at that point In other words it is a measurement of the energy contained within an electric field or an electric circuit at a given point The common symbol for voltage is the uppercase letter V The standard unit is the volt symbo
15. will automatically stop if you transmit more than the rated power In this case select a lower voltage scale Turn the transmitter OFF and ON again to reset the STOP TX alarm There is a built in circuit breaker to protect the instrument from overloading The fan inside the transmitter will automatically start to cool down the unit when the temperature inside the Pelican box is higher than 65 C Moreover it will automatically stop if the internal temperature is higher than 85 C inside the Pelican box Leave the transmitter on until it cools off 4 Turning off the equipment e Turn the transmitter OFF by toggling down STOP the On Off switch before shutting down the generator e Shut down the generator If you need to push down the emergency stop button emergency situation three 3 conditions must be met to reset the transmitter and make it work normally e The transmitter must be powered by an external supply e The emergency stop button must be pulled up e The power switch must be in STOP position down 5 Moving to the next station e The electrodes operator must confirm twice with the transmitter operator that the transmitter is turned OFF before approaching the electrode e Before touching the electrode the operator disconnects the wire from the electrode and then moves the electrode to the next station Instrumentation GDD Inc 2013 12 11 Page 12 e After the electrode is set at its new position and reconnected t
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