RFID Networking safety systems - Florida Gulf Coast University
Contents
1. A o NN 21 E A E ii eee and 22 34 Data OA iia A bahia E k leh aatenee 22 A ED oe eS 22 RFID Zabala 3 3 4 2 JDBC Connecti Ones si vicsiscsidcaves cascsdisesiacsds coistacessdecvessetuseiseadiceds coaaiicesidoav s ceiastieed dackdscstaiucesitects 23 3 4 3 Data Types and Delimiters reisiin ieii ea i i iaaa ee aiaiai 24 FAA QUOTIOS td ANER EA REDEN EEDE RN E A EROA NORDA 25 INCOME eri 27 35 CHUMP ii A AA i 27 ds VEXPriMe mts tt ln AS AAA AA A ARS 29 4 1 EXperiment S COn sti tie tata 29 4 1 1 The Set Usina tros a toda ds 29 4 2 Requirements Testido comia ia d oia 31 4 2 1 Software shall differentiate many kinds Of tags cece cssecsseceneceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeaeeeaeeeaaeenaes 31 4 2 2 Software shall connect to controller independently 0 eee ceseceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeaeeeaeeeaeeeaaes 32 4 2 3 Software shall store date time that tags Were scanned cooooconnccconononcconanonnnannnnnnnnnnn nan nr narra nena nana 32 4 2 4 Software shall notify user of unsafe state ooooncninnnninnnnoncnnononnononononanonnnnrn narran anna nana 33 Ds CONCIUSION da 35 Sel SUMMALY A aa NN 35 5 2 Project Stats ri A A E AEAEE de O 35 5 3 Future WOrk cmd ia lt di A ii it a aaa 36 3 3 1 Ethernet Adaptation nisnin riei i n n i a a i a a aiia 36 5 3 2 Multiple Controllers viscccccccscccsacesciesctessiteetessedeeseadseestessseesaanestesnssclosssssstascnsscetesetisouenseenteeasteets 37 BxRETEPENCeS ai sesctietea di o a dd e tk ease A 38 RFID Z2. Figure 5 0 Valid Tag Registration Figure 5 1 Invalid Tag Registration with Single Controller Also since the unit is not functioning properly specifically the Ethernet port networking is much more difficult The lack of Ethernet does not mean that networking is impossible however as described in section 3 2 2 it is greatly limited by distance and by the number of physical COM ports on the computer Currently the current software configuration allows a tag to be registered scanned and its last scan time be returned While ultimately the users should be able to issue commands as outlined in section 3 5 that area has not yet been fully developed 5 3Future Work This project is intentionally left open ended so that it may be continued in a number of ways 5 3 1 Ethernet Adaptation This continuation would require the purchase of a new MP9320 v2 8e or similar RFID controller device The idea behind this new project would be to expand the connection class to the Ethernet port of the device and allow communications to be established over TCP IP This change would mean that the distance between the controller and the computer is no longer an issue Moreover this would lead up the multiple controllers project RFID Zabala 37 5 3 2 Multiple Controllers This continuation assumes that either the controlling computer has multiple physical COM ports or the Ethernet adaptation project has already been accomplished The multiple controllers proj
3. to track employees log in and out hours down to the second for any given day As employees walk in and out of the entrances their tags are picked up by the readers and sent to the controller which then conveys the data to the JRSSS The software passes this data into the database for RFID Zabala 31 storage and can query the information needed At the end of the day the computer could automatically subtract the last register of an employee s tag by the first to find the exact hours present at the site 4 2 Requirements Testing 4 2 1 Software shall differentiate many kinds of tags As employees walk in and out of the warehouse s openings they should be identified and registered as present within the database To test this requirement the JRSSS should already be operational Presently there are two activated tags within the system named Jaime and Jim These two tags represent two employees walking in at the beginning of a work day Bring one RFID tag within the range of a reader it does not matter which one Type the corresponding name into the search text box The program returns the last scan date for that particular tag FA Rfid Command Window 101 x Options Clear Mesage from reader 4l D Message from database l 4 Filename ria bd save Jaime print 1 Insert Command Here Send Figure 4 3 Graphical User Interface for JRSSS Wait a few minutes
4. 2009 11 13 09 11 READER 1 E snes O toca TT El r 03 C6 2009 11 18 16 41 READER 1 El r 09 C4 2009 11 13 09 10 READER 1 El r 0d FS 2009 11 22 19 33 READER 1 El r 10 8C 2009 11 13 09 11 READER 1 El t EPC1G2 r 06 C9 2009 11 18 19 27 READER 1 El EEPC1G2 1 08 C3 2009 11 13 09 12 READER 1 El 05 05 2009 11 13 09 11 READER 1 El 09 C8 2009 11 18 15 58 READER 1 E 11 C2 2009 11 13 09 12 READER 1 E 18 C9 2009 11 18 13 09 READER 1 El 2F2F20554641434137323439 t EPC1G2 r 07 CA 2009 11 22 19 33 READER 1 El 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 r 06 C1 2009 11 22 19 33 READER 1 El 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 r 12 BE 2009 11 13 09 11 READER 1 El 2F2F20554641434137323534 t EPC1G2 r 0a FO 2009 11 18 15 58 READER 1 E 2F2F20554641434137323535 t EPC1G2 r 08 C8 2009 11 22 20 08 READER 1 Figure 3 3 Access Data Base holding RFID Information 3 4 2 JDBC Connection To connect to any external database from a Java program a Java DataBase Connection JDBC needs to be made To establish a connection two steps are necessary 1 Import the database driver 2 Create a JDBC connection While for many systems it may be necessary to download a separate database driver ex SQL 2008 or Oracle 11g for the Access to Java connection in this project it is unnecessary Rather I use the ODBC service available through Windows and the SQL drivers already available in Java The java api reserved for database operations can be accessed by importing the following lin
5. 22 Figure 3 2 Unsafe State Train Example 3 3 2 GUI The GUI acts as a user notification system where if there is an unsafe state the user is alerted by the software Final implementation should include individual controllers within trains to be alerted of the unsafe state and discontinue operation until the flag is reset or an administrator overrides the unsafe state 3 4 Data Storage In order to maintain safety and program independence the data is stored outside of the software meaning that a software fail state does not mean data corruption The data storage occurs in a database which networks to the actual java program 3 4 1 Database The chosen database is the 2007 Microsoft Access database due to its ease of use and readily editable query features Access is like many basic databases in that it involves tables RFID Zabala 23 forms and queries but unlike other more complex database platforms it does not require complex permissions All Tables ES tags a ScanDate ReaderNum Z tags Table El B Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323437 t EPC1G2 89 2009 11 18 13 09 READER 1 E WHATS JAIME UPTO El B Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323534 t EPC1G2 r 0c F2 2009 11 22 20 08 READER 1 E Md wee El B Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323538 t EPC1G2 r 02 C5 2009 11 13 09 11 READER 1 a 2009 11 18 13 09 READER 1 ei 5 2009 11 18 13 27 READER 1 EH Taginto Table a 2009 11 22 20 08 READER 1 State a El d 2F2F20554641434137323437 t EPC1G2 r 02 C3
6. and bring both within the scan range of a reader Type the corresponding names into the search box one at a time The program returns the last scan date for both tags even if they were scanned at the same time RFID Zabala 32 4 2 2 Software shall connect to controller independently The JRSSS and MP9320 v2 8e are meant to be constantly operational Therefore connection and disconnection is not a common aspect of operation However it is obviously an important step that must occur prior to the first tags being successfully registered by the software but controller may pick them up if it is on but not connected to computer First ensure that all connections are properly made Power cord must be plugged into 120V outlet and into controller box Antenna to be used must be connected to the front of the controller box and any unused ports must have the proper caps in place Lastly the RS 232 serial cable must be connected from the device to the computer s COM port COM port 1 is preferable if there is more than one port but it is not necessary Start up the software and observe the System messages Connected to COM port 1 should be displayed if successful If not then COM port cannot be found may be displayed Another check to ensure the connection s success is to scan a tag and see if there is any activity in the GUI If so then the connection has successfully been made 4 2 3 Software shall store date time that tags
7. over its length the total gain is 2 dB This characteristic of the antenna cable limits the distance that the controller can be from the antennas 1 3 Where the Last Project Left Off RFID has been an ongoing data acquisition DAQ project at FGCU since early 2008 4 As far a programming goes a relatively complex RFID java server client application has already been written but it lacks a developed internet implementation and for that matter a network structure 3 Moreover half of the code is missing rendering the project in its current state unusable This means that this project will need to use minimal carry over from the previous project However in the last project report several options for improved work productivity were discussed one of which is discussed in the next section RFID Zabala 12 2 Problem Description 2 1 Problem and Primary Objective A particular experiment was explained in Applied RFID Technology where employees would have RFID tags on their cellular phones which could be used for employee tracking productivity monitoring and sensitive information security 3 The report proposes placing readers at strategically important locations and monitoring them from a master computer This system could be used to offer access to areas through the cell phone and allow the company to have increased security of sensitive material Even if a subject is able to make it through the security door by walking in with some
8. system safe 2 2 Hardware Problem As previously described the SAMSYS MP9320 2 8e or controller is capable of being accessed by RS 232 serial RS 485 and Ethernet connections 2 While the RS 232 appears to be working correctly any attempts to connect to the controller using its Ethernet port have not been successful 5 2 2 1 Set up The controller s user s manual calls for all connections to be established prior to starting the SAMSys software Once this has been done the software should automatically detect the controller in either Serial or Ethernet connectivity Continuing if the controller is not automatically detected then it may be manually detected using an executable included in the software disk called digidscvr exe This tool is titled Digi Device Discovery Tool and should find any compatible device connected to the network IP Address MAC Address Name Device Other Tasks Refresh view Help and Support Details O devices My Device Network a Figure 2 0 Digi Device Discovery Screenshot Figure 2 0 shows that no devices were found on the network Several networks were set up including WAN LAN and direct connection as well as several versions of Digi Device Discovery were utilized but all reach the same result RFID Zabala 14 2 2 2 Troubleshooting All attempts to contact SAMSys were unsuccessful since at the time of this report the company no longer exists The only troubleshooting informatio
9. were scanned Once a tag has already been scanned and registered the tag s information may be requested by entering its name into the search box However if a specific instance of the tag is required or a specific date time is needed then it must be found in the database By opening the RfidDataBase it is easy to see that each tag instance is followed by its scan date and time To make sure this is accurate simply scan a tag making note of the tag name and time scanned Then check the database or use a query to find the tag s most recent scan date RFID Zabala 33 ScanDate Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323535 t EPC1G2 r 06 C6 2009 11 13 09 10 554641434137323538 t EPC1G2 r 02 C5 2009 11 13 09 10 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323535 t EPC1G2 r 0b F2 2009 11 13 09 10 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 r 05 C0 2009 11 13 09 10 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 83 2009 11 13 09 10 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 r 02 BD 2009 11 13 09 10 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323437 t EPC1G2 r 06 C7 2009 11 13 09 11 05 C5 2009 11 13 09 11 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 r 13 BF 2009 11 13 09 11 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 r 12 BE 2009 11 13 09 11 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323437 t EPC1G2 89 2009 11 13 09 11 r 10 BC 2009 11 13 09 11 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323538 t EPC1G2 88 2009 11 13 09 11 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323437 t EPC1G2 r 0d F5 2009 11 13 09 11 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323535 t EPC1G2 r 0c F3 2009 11 13 09 12 11 C2 200
10. 4A151700AA020801 t EPC1GZ r 10 CB 10 05 2008 23 12 Bd d ALAOSOS04A1517004A020801 t EPC1G2 r 02 CC 10 05 2008 23 12 Auto Read Rd d A1A050804A154500AA021001 t EPC1G2 r la F6 10 05 2008 23 12 Rd d A1A050804A154500AA021001 t EPC1G2 8C 10 05 2008 23 12 Polled Read Rd d ALAOSOS04A151843AA020101 t EPC1G2 r 18 D4 10 05 2008 23 12 Rd d A1A050804A151843AA020101 t EPC1G2 r 08 D3 10 05 2008 23 12 Aron Rd d ALAOSOS04A151700AA020801 t EPC1GZ r 0 00 10 05 2008 23 13 ME Registers Most important info Secondary info Hex Tag number When Important distinguishing Clear Log Figure 1 6 SAMSys Screenshot 3 1 1 3 Readers Antennas In order for a tag to be picked up the controller has to emit an RF signal through one of its antennas The RF sent from the reader actually powers the whole exchange of data between the reader and the tag However the reader does not know if it should be looking for a specific kind of tag or for that matter how far it could be the reader only emits and receives the RF signal RFID Zabala 11 Figure 1 7 SAMSys Reader Antenna with tag Figure 1 8 Antenna end of reader Each antenna is connected directly into the controller through a coaxial cable The total gain or total intensity of an antenna in a certain direction of the transmission system is the gain of the antenna minus the loss of the cabling For example if the antenna has 4 dB of gain and the coax cable has 2 db of loss
11. 9 11 13 09 12 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323535 t EPC1G2 r 02 C2 2009 11 13 09 12 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 r 02 BD 2009 11 13 09 12 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323530 t EPC1G2 r 02 BD 2009 11 13 09 14 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323535 t EPC1G2 r 0e F5 2009 11 13 09 15 Rd d 2F2F20554641434137323437 t EPC1G2 r 0c F4 2009 11 13 09 16 d d 2F2F20554641434137323437 t EPC1G2 r 06 C7 2009 11 13 09 17 EPC1G2 r 0b F3 2009 11 13 09 17 1424127272527 tEDC1G rea 209 11 12 19 57 Figure 4 4 Date and Time Stored in Database 4 2 4 Software shall notify user of unsafe state This requirement takes on two roles First it means that if for some reason the software does not believe that operation is safe or possible it should return an error or a message to stop operation Since this is not a safety critical experiment this safe state is not applicable However the equivalent for an unsafe state for this system would be if a new unrecognized tag were introduced or if an employee s tag information had not yet been entered when it was requested The latter circumstance may be tested by entering a made up name into the search box In this instance since there are only 2 programmed name it can be any string other than Jaime or Jim It s noteworthy to say that these names are not case sensitive An error message alerting the user that this person does not exist within the system will be displayed The second role that unsafe means for this applicatio
12. RFID Networking Safety Systems Through Java Network Programming Author Jaime Zabala Instructor Janusz Zalewski Class CNT4104 Computer Network Programming Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers Florida December 4 2009 RFID Zabala 2 Table of Contents Ly Tint OCC tt O10 ria a tai teva tees 4 1 1 REID System QUEDE cronica iii cita 4 LAREDO Tasa ts 4 1 112 Controller ivan naco di a in 6 ISA AS AAA A ON 10 1 3 Where the Last Project Left Ont cc ccvsoecdeadacerceenssceusededdesuieon doses tosnesentasdedseseeectdbian dudas daras 11 2 Problem Description cion src dit ae suited bid i n cc di cd 12 2 1 Problem and Primary ObJ ctive aiii te ceenstent 12 2 2 Hardware Probl m cian etica 13 E NO 13 22 2 Troubleshooting es oiean dosed connes e eaa e aai aea KANER a indesncounceudinoddsonenstasnaca tides steeds 14 2 3 SoftWare Problemini isede titeit aeria tiie iranata Sindi 15 2 3 1 Establishing Communication 0 0 c cc ceccesecesecssecseceeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseaeeeaeeeaeesaaecaaeesaeseaeseaeseaeees 15 AAN NS O E 15 A A A NN 15 Jr SO MOD NN 17 Sul Software Lan Guage ororen rnision E A 17 3 2 Establishing Communication c cccctssciisssscteassseccssesssesesacesicetsooutcoasssestesetscsteabeetteessecnseeavecnseresssesses 18 3 2 1 Serial ys Ethernet diia 18 3 2 2 How does IRSSS Serial Work jsisscisccateeiss son edasiecne cons nveserea wen aai ar ETa EAEE iaiia 20 3 3 Control Syste Mcsnip a aaae a Aaa aaa ANANE aio declina 21
13. abala 4 1 Introduction RFID is a powerful and relatively simple technology Short for Radio Frequency Identification RFID has a place in almost any walk of life It can be used to improve productivity at work safety and security in government and quality of life at home Radio Frequency Identification Transponders or tags have been used in various forms for many years Airplanes have been using radio transponders to signal and identify themselves to air traffic control radar on the ground since World War II They are useful for identifying our pet dogs and cats charge gasoline purchases embedded chips in our vehicles ignition keys to prevent theft library book checkout and SunPass transponders figures 1 0 and 1 1 used at toll plazas for paying road fees 1 1 RFID System Outline The basics of RFID are pretty simple There are three actual components that are required to have a RFID system Transponder or tag Reader or scanner or Antenna Controller 1 1 1 RFID Tags On the surface it would seem like a tag sends a signal to the reader which is in turn registered by the controller however this is not always the case RFID devices can detect simple radio frequency RF transceivers known as tags which have unique information associated with them Anywhere within their scan range RFID readers can detect differentiate and log dozens even hundreds of tags in a matter of seconds RFID tags are no commonly found
14. also important to note that the Serial class communicates exclusively with the device Any command passing or reading needs to be passed from its respective class to the Serial class for transmission to or from the device Figure 3 1 shows the detection of the serial device in a similar detection program as used to look for the IP address of the device 2 Digi Connect ME Configuration http 10 1 1 64 UE rci Home Configuration Network Serial Ports GPIO Security Management Alarms Administration Backup Restore Restor Defaults 0 b System tion RebO nnectware Serial Configuration Basic Port Services Network Services Advanced Baud Rate Data Bits Parity Stop Bits Flow Control Figure 3 1 Successful Discovery of Controller Through Serial Connection Physical transmission of bits also means that aside from noise the issue of distance exists The further away that a device is from its pair means that it will need a longer RS 232 cable RFID Zabala 21 Unfortunately serial communications are greatly limited by this distance and quickly lose discernable data It is possible to amplify the range of discernable serial communication but it requires an amplification which again only extends the length of the cable but does not solve the problem 2 3 3 Control System The user is must be notified of any unsafe state But this may change from application to
15. application because an unsafe state in one may be acceptable in another For example in a social networking website it may be acceptable to have some data loss to maintain the speed of database access and since old data is rarely retrieved a marginal loss is acceptable In contrast hospital records stored in a database must not be lost and extra care must be taken to maintain a lossless state In this way an unsafe state alarm must reflect the application that it is serving 3 3 1 Application In the proposed train traffic example the application would be a notification that there is a potentially unsafe state in some tunnel track or intersection This alert could be generated by a constant cross check of tag scans and database records As a train passes through an intersection enters a track or enters a tunnel its tag would be scanned and a time stamp would be issued Figure 3 2 illustrates the example as follows The 23 train heading north bound from point X to point Y must pass through an intersection where an eastbound train joins the north redline track If a the 23 train passes checkpoint A and has its tags scanned registered but has not yet been scanned by the B checkpoint antenna then a train leaving station C eastbound would have an unsafe state and be forced to stop operation Moreover if the 23 train takes longer than usual to reach checkpoint B or never reaches it at all then train 23 will be in an unsafe state RFID Zabala
16. at many large businesses where inventory tracking and safety is important UPS uses RFID technology to track packages throughout the country automatically updating a database that is accessible to clients Car Max uses RFID tags not only to track employees but also their car locations test driving stats and which salesman took the most test drives 1 In more direct impact several RFID Zabala 5 European grocery stores have for the most part eliminated barcodes opting instead for one reader to quickly scan all the contents of a shopping cart 1 1 1 1 Passive The reader or scanner actually sends out RF waves out from an antenna and waits for something to come into its range It is important to know that they carry no power supply or controlling mechanism When a tag comes within the range of a reader it will pick up the RF wave and if it is within the right frequency range then it will send back a message in RF with its unique information this is called reflected power The RF sent from the reader actually powers the whole exchange of data between the reader and the tag Passive RFID tags consist of at least two parts an integrated circuit that serves to modulate and demodulate RF frequencies and an antenna in the form of coiled metal to increase data validity range and transmit and receive data 1 1 1 2 Active Since the project does not use any of these sorts of tags they are only broadly covered The tag itself has an interna
17. atabase include the tagName and ReaderNo which is the signature of whichever controller registered the tag event It stands to reason that all data types in the Access database must be of Text type such as in figure 3 5 in order to receive and send data successfully Data Type Y TagiD Text DateTime Text ReaderNo Text TagName Text Figure 3 5 RfidDataBase Table Design View Lastly the noise from the serial connection creates substantial garbage data that is also inputted into the database The java program can take care of this by using the most common form of a tag and use that as the accepted TagID 3 4 4 Queries In order to receive data from a database it is possible to query the data or selectively search the data Queries are pieces of code that can be used to return data that fits certain criteria from selected tables rows and columns Queries are executed within the database and make RFID Zabala 26 databases or at least the results programmable This code varies from one database to another and must be specifically written for a database in order to function properly The following statement is a functioning query that will return all tags starting with the most recently added data to RfidDataBase SELECT TagID DateTime FROM RfidDataBase ORDER BY DateTime DESC In plain English this simple query SELECTS the column TagID and DateTime FROM the table RfidDataBase and ORDERs the data BY the DateTime value in DESCen
18. ch the device is connected and automatically establishes a connection This connection is held by the system until it is released by the user by closing the program or until it times out from possible hardware device fault Java Serial connection code snippet for typical serial connection New instance of the serial port if m_IsNative m_SerialPort new SimpleSerialNative m_PortIndex New a serial port Pass in comm port number SimpleSerialNative int comPort _initPort convertToCommString comPort 57600 8 ONESTOPBIT NOPARITY RFID Zabala 20 find_open_serial_port for ii 0 ii lt m_PortMenultem length ii try m_PortIndex ii 1 the serial port wanted initSerialPort Try opening this serial port System out println Opening serial port Comm m_PortIndex break find_open_serial_port 3 2 2 How does JRSSS Serial Work Serial connections work by transmitting data 1 bit at a time over a physical cable in this implementation a RS 232 cable but can be different The data is many times stored in byte arrays which can hold whole strings and transmitted again 1 bit at a time only this time the byte array is taken as a whole unit instead of separate bits This helps process of passing command strings rather than single chars JRSSS works by calling serial class which converts any command or I O to or from the device from bits to strings or string to bits It is
19. cket is sent over the network This broadcasting requests that every device that receives it should respond to the device that sent the packet Knowing this it is possible to use a broadcast packet to track every device on the LAN By placing network card in promiscuous mode along with a packet capture driver it is possible to capture all network traffic passing by that network card host 5 From here software called WireShark may be used to monitor results and see exactly what devices are connected and under what protocol figure 2 2 This process consists of receiving and filtering all results that come into the network card by a process of elimination RFID Zabala 15 Source Destination Protocol Info Digiboar_24 4d 78 Broadcast ARP who has 169 254 234 220 Tell 0 0 0 0 Digiboar_24 4d 78 Broadcast ARP who has 169 254 234 220 Tell 0 0 0 0 Digiboar_24 4d 78 Broadcast ARP who has 169 254 234 220 Tell 0 0 0 0 Digiboar_24 4d 78 Broadcast ARP Gratuitous ARP for 169 254 234 220 Request Digiboar_24 4d 78 ARP Gratuitous ARP for 169 254 234 220 Request T Ya zan ML dl Figure 2 2 WireShark monitoring network traffic 2 3 Software Problem The software requirements as outlined in section 2 1 must be satisfied by the software in three phases 1 Establishing communication 2 Control System 3 Data Storage 2 3 1 Establishing Communication Software shall connect to controller independently The software
20. ction schematic This this example the computer controller hosting the software would also need to be connected to the hub or server Each controller box has its own IP address which is used by the software for differentiation and tag tracking RFID Zabala 8 Figure 1 4 Controller Network 2 The controller connects to the antennas through the Active Antennas connections on the front of the box in figure below At least one antenna must be connected for any kind of RF signal to be sent or received These connections are constantly being monitored by the controller and require special caps to be in place of the wires when an antenna is not connected These caps will make the controller believe that there is an antenna present but is not receiving signal thereby allowing the system to be functional The controller s ultimate purpose is to identify and differentiate tags using different algorithms or scan settings These indentified tags can be used for any number of purposes however the controller itself cannot differentiate between signals received from different antennas For example if a tag named tag 1 was presented to both antennas in figure 1 5 the controller would simply log it twice not as two separate scans from different antennas RFID Zabala 9 Power and Network Conn Tag 1 present SAMsys Controller Tag 1 present SAMsys Antenna SAMsys Antenna Figure 1 5 SAMSys Tag recognition This means t
21. d as Serial class that manages all computer to device traffic 3 1 Software Language The choice to go with Java for software language comes after a study of which languages are effective for a real time safety system implementation While this project only covers a basic implementation the availability for a continuation lends to choosing a safe language Java currently has a real time specification RTSJ and is also currently developing a safety critical Java system called SCJ which would deal with several safety issues inherent in java like garbage collection and multithreading Kornecki amp Zalewski 2009 Real time specification for Java RTSJ is a combination of technologies that currently allows programmers to write programs that meet many of the demands of real time systems in the Java programming language The RFID Zabala 18 existence of this technology makes Java a suitable language over C C for this safety application 3 2 Establishing Communication 3 2 1 Serial vs Ethernet Due to the present hardware problems not permitting Ethernet communication from another device serial communication is the next logical step This serial implementation is based on the Simple Serial Interface SSI which is a free developer tool available online Simple serial means that the program sends receives bytes and controls the state of serial communication signals in the simplest way possible As simplicity is the main goal in this clas
22. ding order The issues arise when this statement has to be passed into the database from an outside source for execution This is where JDBC statements come in JDBC allows a statement to be created from the Connection This statement can be used to execute a query update data and return a set of results Typically a JDBC statement is used to pass some request into a database or send data but a query is intended to return data Therefore a JDBC ResultSet is necessary to receive the queried information Assuming that a connection named con has already been established the following is a JDBC statement equivalent to the previous in this section Statement stmt con createStatement ResultSet results stmt executeQuery SELECT TagID DateTime FROM RfidDataBase ORDER BY DateTime DESC It is also possible to concatenate variables into the statement as in the following example ResultSet results stmt executeQuery SELECT TagID DateTime FROM RfidDataBase WHERE TagID Var ORDER BY DateTime DESC RFID Zabala 27 This code would return the most recent TagID and DateTime for a specific tag value in var In this fashion queries can be used to return any value from the database as needed by the java program 3 5 Commands Sending commands to the reader follows different guidelines than sending commands to the database These commands deal entirely with the connection and the ability to send entire string blocks th
23. e import java sql and will allow the programmer to access classes such as Connection Statement and ResultSet 7 The ODBC Data Source Administrator in figure 3 4 can be accessed in the administrative tools menu of most Windows operating systems RFID Zabala 24 User Data Sources Name Driver E Microsoft Access dBASE Driver dbf ndx Excel Files Microsoft Excel Driver xds xdsx xdsm x MS Access Database Microsoft Access Driver mdb accdb Configure 5 An ODEC User data source stores information about howto connect to Eb the indicated data provider A User data source is only visible to you and can only be used on the current machine Figure 3 4 ODBC setup window Java Method for creating a connection from Java to the ODBC created above Method to make the connection to database and perform its setup void OpenConnection throws SQLException Make the connection to ODBC title rfidsource conn DriverManager getConnection jdbc odbc rfidsource Statement s conn createStatement Java Method for writing data into database void WriteData String tag String time String Reader throws SQLException Statement s conn createStatement String state INSERT INTO tags VALUES tag time WA Reader e ME int temp s executeUpdate state 3 4 3 Data Types and Delimiters Half of the data that is inserted int
24. ect would allow the invalid operation in figure x x section 5 2 The tricky part of this future project would involve linking the controllers into a single java program and database Ideally the controllers would differentiate themselves with some signal which may be used for accurate reads and writes RFID Zabala 38 6 References 1 Scher B 2009 Jan 14 Dynasys RFID Technologies for Business and Science S T 2008 2009 Interviewer 2 SAMSys Technologies Inc 2005 September 27 User s Guide MP9320 v2 8e EPC UHF Long Range Reader Richmond Hill Ontario Canada SAMSys Technologies Inc 3 Gallegos J 2008 Applied RFID Technology Fort Myers FGCU 4 Flechsig E Kovtunenko O Porter Robert 2008 Data Acquisition Through RFID Fort Myers FGCU 5 Bennett T 2009 SAMSYS MP9320 report of Attempted Configuration Fort Myers Florida FGCU 6 Kornecki A amp Zalewski J 2009 Certification of software for real time safety critical systems state of the art Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering 149 159 7 Bishop J 2001 Java Gently 3rd ed Addison Wesley Pub Co
25. egrated safety monitoring system for a metro rail system The steps and ground work set out by this document is intended to be a start to a larger more broad project that could cover various professions majors RFID is a growing technology that is trusted by some of the largest companies in the United States The growth in popularity is not due to the technology cost which remains high but because of the technology s potential RFID is capable of accurately tracking high speed trains with the use of tags it is capable of being used to track large inventories down to the last item During WWII a technology similar to RFID was used to safely identify fighter planes at runways With steps in the right direction it can also be used to ensure safe operation in more aspects of daily human life 5 2 Project Status As the project stands right now it is being limited by the hardware implementation Unfortunately only one MP9320 v2 8e controller is available for use and is actual not functioning correctly This eliminates the possibility of locational safety testing because the controller cannot differentiate between antennas when a tag is scanned This means that the only functionality that one controller has is a single state registration For example in the scenario RFID Zabala 36 depicted in section 4 1 figure 5 0 would be a valid tag registration while figure 5 1 would be an invalid tag registration OUT
26. g properly 6 RFID Zabala 17 3 Solution If in the Washington Metro system there had been a constant validity verification or an automated safe state system rather than the dated traffic signal system then this fatal crash could have been avoided I propose that it is possible to improve safety and traffic flow in a metro rail system through an RFID database with crosschecking and a master slave relationship In this proposed solution each individual train would carry RFID tags and internal controllers As the trains passed in and out of tunnels or high traffic areas readers pick up on which trains is where If for whatever reason a train enters a tunnel but does not leave it all traffic to the tunnel stops via the train s internal controller Similarly if the trains are mapped using RFID with checkpoints it becomes easy to see where major chokepoints are and how they can be alleviated The software solution proposed is titled Java RFID Serial Safety Software hereafter referred to as JRSSS is based on the layers set out by the SAMSys software available with the SAMSys MP9320 v2 8e as seen in figure x x in section 3 2 JRSSS implements the following layers as classes 1 Mapping Layer implemented as GUI class that controls all I O and commands 2 Data Management Layer implemented as the Databasewriter class which controls tags and manages tag properties as well as data storage 3 Connection Management Layer implemente
27. hat if a system requires two separate registries to be made with tags entrance and exit through different doors then multiple controllers and multiple antennas will be required Important Notes it is important to have the antenna caps in place when a cable is not attached or the system will not work It is also important to mention that it is possible to set the controller s configuration to multiple antennas when there is only 1 antenna plugged in as long as the caps are in place 3 1 1 2 1 SAMSys Software The SAMSys Software provided with the MP3920 v2 8e system allows for control of all of the Controller box s features Moreover it allows the user to halt tags render them unreadable for a chosen period of time kill tags stop reading recognize new tags and even create new information for tags The software also allows the reader to be configured changing its name or IP address as necessary The software is most useful for initial hardware set up since it may be used to choose the number of operational antennas and sending commands for operation the controller However the most common use of the SAMSys software is simple tag reading differentiation and time stamping Figure 1 6 illustrates these functions RFID Zabala 10 SAMSys RF Command Suite 1 0 13 1 2 5 x File Reader Connection Help Enter a command or select a command from the history list Date Time peee S co Rd d A1A05080
28. l power source which it uses to propagate the RF signal Depending of the kind of power source active tags may be read from a much greater distance than their passive counterparts Active RFID tags are used in many commercial applications already Many RFID Zabala 6 government vehicles are tagged for tracking as well as personnel control Figure 1 1 shows several examples of active RFID tags Figure 1 1 Examples of Active RFID 1 1 1 3 Battery Assisted Passive Hybrid of both passive and active RFID technologies Battery Assisted Passive tags use batteries to begin the RF data transfer once the correct frequency is detected 1 1 2 Controllers The master of the whole system is the RFID controller box The typical RFID tag detection system is designed much like a RFID tag itself It consists of a controller concerned with modulation and demodulation of the RF signal The controller box specifies the frequency acceptable tag signatures and sorting algorithm to be used This entire interchange of data can happen between 300 tags 1 reader and 1 controller within 5 seconds RFID Zabala 7 Figure 1 2 SAMSys RFID Controller Figure 1 3 SAMSys Connection Interface The SAMsys MP9320 v2 8e that is being used for this system is equipped with a serial port a digital I O port and Ethernet port as seen in figure 1 3 These ports enable the controller box to be connected to a network several ways Figure 1 4 show a possible conne
29. must be able to understand the reader and successfully receive data In order to establish communication the right protocol must be used by the software and the controller s settings must be properly used 2 3 2 Control System Software shall notify user of unsafe state When the software scans a tag that puts the system into an unsafe state 1t should alert the user that there is a problem This can be done through a constant check for unsafe state as a condition for an unsafe state protocol Moreover the user should be able to search for users that are registered in the system and see their pertinent information last scan how many scans 2 3 3 Data Storage Software shall store date time that tags were scanned A storage system for data retrieval must also be implemented to enables information searching However most importantly data storage RFID Zabala 16 ensures a safe state between software rebooting since the actual data is not stored in the software and with long intervals between scans The rests of the software implementation depends in how to network from multiple controller boxes to a single master computer hosting the stored information and user Lastly the software language chosen for this safety system must be certified real time system safe Software concerned with real time systems are those that operate under strict timing requirements and may cause significant damage or loss of life if not operatin
30. n has to do with the waves emitted by the antennas While not yet implemented the final version of this safety software must alert users when there is a potential danger posed by the RF waves coming from the antennas An employee with a pace maker or highly sensitive hearing aids may have his or her device damaged by strong RF waves While the SAMSys disclaimer on the actual controller box in figure 4 5 claims to not have harmful effects there have been cases of accidental injury related to RF signals The controller box has varying signal frequency and wavelengths and may be changed fit the physical needs of certain employees RFID Zabala 34 Figure 4 5 SAMSys MP9320 Safe Operation Disclaimer RFID Zabala 35 5 Conclusion This project is an investigation into an important area of software development Safety critical real time systems exist in most aspects of life from the airport to cars and even in hospital equipment These systems functionality and safe operation depends on smooth operation and correct event handling which comes directly from the programmer It is the goal of any safety critical real time system program to accurately safely and compactly encapsulate all aspects and scenarios of a situation in the software and properly handle them in such a way as to avoid damage to property or loss of life 5 1 Summary The Java Realtime Serial Safety Software JRSSS is the first step toward developing a complex and int
31. n specific to the MP9320 2 8 e available at this time is a diagram from the user s manual figure 2 1 2 No Ethernet External Ethernet cable Check cable and replace if necessary connectivity faulty Wrong jumper setting Ensure RS 485 Ethernet Jumper J4 is across Pins 2 3 Wrong Ethernet IP Use the Digi Device Discovery address application to reverify IP address Reader board failure Replace reader Figure 2 1 SAMSys Controller Troubleshooter 2 The MP9320 is equipped with an optional TCP IP Ethernet port and embedded IP device server This reader is configured for automatic IP address allocation using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP Mode and the reader automatically extracts the IP address from the DHCP server This is the default mode for the reader as it is shipped from the factory 2 As stated above the controller should automatically ask for an IP address allocation using DHCP Since it is apparent that there is no IP address more information on how this process works is needed Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP allows a TCP IP client to automatically request and receive an IP address from the issuing server When a device connects to a network a flood of traffic is generated to see the available hosts as well as available servers and services Typically a device will only respond if there is a request directly to that device or if a broadcast call pa
32. o the database comes from the serial class after decoding This class as explained in section 3 2 2 transmits and receives bits of information When the bits are received they are converted to text or Strings in the Java language This data is then passed into the database However in order to successfully receive any data from an ODBC or JDBC connection the field s data type and the data type of the data being received must match In Access the data type for text is Text The following is a typical tag information transmission RFID Zabala 25 Rd d E016000000000DS53 t IS 186A C4 What makes this information significant is that every piece of information is a mixture of letters and numbers The actual tag identification is found between the first and second commas It is easy to see that it is impossible to use any of this information as a typical integer primary key as used in normal databases However since every tag has a different unique identifier it is possible to use this value as its indexed name The receipt of a tag is usually followed by its time stamp This data follows the tag identifier above and is separated by a semicolon It is possible to delimiter or separate this information based on this punctuation After the java program sends a string with the complete information identifier and timestamp the database automatically separates the information into TagID and DateTime Other information passed to the d
33. one authorized it would be possible to detect their presence and realize that they do not have access by constantly pinging for tags Thus if the number of authorized tags identified is less than the number of people detected than security would be alerted This leads the inspiration of the proposed project On July 23 2009 a six car metro train on Washington DC s redline slammed into a stationary train resulting in nine deaths and up to 100 injuries This accident occurred because there was no systematic verification of trains between stations and the only trafficking system consists of signals and rail changes The primary objective of this project is to ensure safe train traffic through RFID tag reader implementation This project will concentrate on the hardware configuration necessary to make this system possible and the software that will monitor the tags Hardware requirements 1 Reader shall pick up different tags 2 Reader shall send tag information to controller 3 Controller shall use multiple readers 4 Controller shall network with computer controller 5 Computer controller shall host software and controller settings Software requirements 1 Software shall differentiate many kinds of tags 2 Software shall connect to controller independently 3 Software shall store date time that tags were scanned RFID Zabala 13 4 Software shall notify user of unsafe state 5 Software shall be Real Time safety critical
34. rough byte arrays to the controller 3 5 1 CHUMP The MP9320 v2 8e is equipped with a data layer that can receive commands and perform tasks The Comprehensive Heuristic Uniform Messaging Protocol CHUMP provides an interface to the controllers data layer and can be expressed as strings When a command needs to be sent to the reader a CHUMP Tag needs to be generated Figure 3 6 Command Syntax of CHUMP Tag Each CHUMP tag command begins with a which signifies that the following code is a command The Address is the space where the tag id and write address within the tag is stored The command is what is actually to be done XX is the checksum and CR is the end of line check 2 CHUMP Tags can command the controller to 1 Read data from tag 2 Write data to tag 3 Halt Quiet a tag 4 Read the onboard I O ports RFID Zabala 28 With this information it is easy to see how one could send a message to the controller that names a tag The following code line uses the write function of CHUMP to write the string BOB into the tag with the id of E00300001 122334455667788 d E00300001122334455667788 wt b BOB a 20 CR RFID Zabala 29 4 Experiments The properly test the validity of the project and ensure its success as a safety system a proper experiment should be designed This experiment must take into account the software requirements and one by one test their success or failure Also since this is a test of the sof
35. s the assumption must also be made that there is no hardware or software flow control and that communication signals can freely be controlled Flow control suggests that there is a stop or pause in transmission either write or read from either computer or device to allow the full transmission to be sent This may mean that due to excessive commands tag reads or noise the device stack may overflow and cause a failure Due to the level of implementation which this project is accomplishing this risk is not addressed in this document Table 3 0 Serial Settings In Use MP9320 v2 8e RF Scanning Continuous Serial Reporting Continuous Baud Rate 57600 Data Bits 8 Stop Bits 1 Parity None Flow Control None The Serial class that handles connections completely replaces the TCP IP class and Discovery class rather than supplements which is found in figure 3 0 The Connection Management Layer functions in the SAMSys software by communicating with the physical transport layer of the RFID Zabala 19 reader This layer is based on the Connection interface ideally supports Serial and TCP IP connectivity a Mapping Layer GUI CLASS DatabaseWrite Class Connection Management Layer Serial Connection TCP IP Connection Figure 3 0 SAMSys Management Layers left to Software Development Classes right The serial connection detects the com port to whi
36. tware the experiment must ensure or assume if ensuring is impossible that the hardware requirements are satisfied At this stage in implementation the software is by no means fully developed Furthermore only one controller unit is available for use barring the possibility of any location oriented experiment Therefore rather than testing the complex and safety critical train example the experiment will focus on another less critical real life example 4 1 Experiment Scenario In a large warehouse it has become difficult to control the timesheets of employees Several entrances odd shifts and lost punch cards have prevented workers from consistently providing accurate records of their work hours Through RFID and JRSSS it is possible to track employee hours and prevent loss of wages or overpayment 4 1 1 The Set Up The front of the warehouse has a narrow entranceway through which much of management enters the building figure 4 0 The back of the warehouse has a large gate that is open in the mornings and evenings to let employees and trucks in and out of the building figure 4 1 RFID Zabala 30 Controller a A d 4 Figure 4 0 Front Entrance of Warehouse RFID Experiment Reader 3 Reader 4 Rear Gate Figure 4 1 Rear Entrance of Warehouse Experiment By giving each employee a badge that is equipped with passive RFID technology it is possible
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