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1. Licence bhftanaticn Liners TT 1B 12 0221 Wan Enter the floating license host IP address you obtained in step 4 into the IP Address field Click OK on the dialog panel and exit the License Manager The next time you start WiT a connection to WiTRAS running on the floating license host will be made to check out a license WiTRAS verifies the number of copies allowed and accepts or rejects a request for a license If you have a number of products with varying numbers of licenses that are managed by WiTRAS the first user who connects for a license will receive all of the products As the number of users requesting a license increases the product mix will decrease in functionality based on the remaining number of licenses for the various products Run Time and eWiT A WiT run time installation installs components which are necessary to execute user programs created in C C or VB which call the WiT libraries directly or call WIC files executed by the WiT Engine or for distributing computation over several networked computers with eWiT To install a WiT run time ys SO E oe Make sure Windows 2000 or XP is running and you have Administrator privileges Put the WiT CD in the CD ROM drive Locate the hardware protection key small gray 25 pin connector in the WiT package Insert this key in your parallel port con Kl Double click the My Computer icon on the desktop a Double click the CD ROM icon 2 Double click th
2. 5 siamet dep RR ORDRES 30 Running the LS TAD esis Ree ihe Rt ER ROE bete TR I A ee 31 D ta Objects 4 cte eite pde eset Mee dei Pete ecb ashing espes toi 31 D taProb s s rU UR Reda DR end bla epou IRIURE 32 RUM ANE lora PI CH 32 Working with Frame Grabbers pouw ee ote petro kot se pea e tas desas Shiels 33 Frame Grabber Tool bio sake fo yad dosou is ayo kou ad bio Ga s d ae vap eens a As 33 Simple ACQuisitioni aee a SR ed quoius 34 Continuous Acquisition and Processing eese eerte eene trennen 34 Script Mode iot die een e roi A Pte e CP n EP ie EROR Ge ien 35 Read Im ge d apo pe dip tete ter re ERE Rea ean 35 Specify Rectangle ie teg art D PE e er PER ri aa 37 Select Element ase a p eere Re BEE p ea e SERRE Io os ason 38 Compute Statistics eee pr eR etre ar Pee REED Rea lcu 39 Editing the Script usas ene ere PE RE Rp db ERE oreet 40 Teraph Editing Techniques irre rrr PE Rr es ERE e E kis ok saa ipe i ERES 41 Selecting Igraph Objects sa ea adoken aa eee rre te sa dodo ekout sins 4 Moving Objects e eri esa tage A pere a d 4 Cut Copy Paste and Duplicate nesiotis innisin i a aia aeai 41 Editing Links diete eee hao ipt EAT bi OA a DE Le pde ede ye Rente RO O REGNR 42 Icon Appearance tipica ett ye bete te ebd p oye SID AE NA A IR He Ee HEP ORELL etd 42 LOOMING and Design Size essetis ic too don sanbl also RT a so dis va e E Ec egeo etd 42 Subsraphs 04 22sec ainsi nina iar hel in ko ee es 43 Adding a
3. D plot Building the Igraph If you do not wish to go through the editing process load the pre built igraph Performing a Linear Series of Operations and skip the following building instructions To build this igraph first clear the workspace click the I tool bar button Create an instance of start Put it somewhere on the left of the workspace Next create an instance of readImage Place it to the right of start We will use the same sample image so accept all the default parameters by clicking the button Next create an instance of invert Place it to the right of rdImage Invert has no parameters so just click Connect the output of readImage to the input of invert by creating a link Create an instance of rotate Set the angle parameter to 30 Connect the output of invert to rotate Create an instance of surface Use all the default properties Connect the output of rotate to surface You should have the igraph as follows LI ol Tienes sane nit ges 3n rire hd arises tipa Aute rel exper Disp siot Denier mitja son T DI Tul A Series of Operators 30 Running the Igraph Click the 4 button The operators will each turn green for a second in the order specified by the links When the token reaches surface a window pops up with a 3 D plot of the image The pixel intensity is plotted on the Z axis Data Objects Data objects in WiT are represented internally by a special format This format allows WiT o
4. Graphe Ul piri Final pont Z tps 4 7 pli Real pose x5 ieee ge panama getDisirianhior wed rege Dui Statistics Output Editing the Script All the actions you performed are recorded in a script To see the script choose Edit Script from the menu bar A script window comes up This script can be edited and run For example change the filename for readImage from sample wit to brain bmp and click the 4 button The same script is now applied to a different image hegn ui Dun Guphcr pe Cada rapharz l so pasa DI ada iuapiecr Diim rape karann ge aret lama rd real pape E eser sco inp Script Window 40 Igraph Editing Techniques Both operators and links are considered igraph objects Many editing techniques apply to both operators and links You have already tried the technique for bringing up a property panel In this exercise you will be introduced to several other useful techniques First switch to graph mode click A and clear the workspace click Li Selecting Igraph Objects Create some operators and links on the igraph To select an igraph object click the left mouse button while pointing at it Notice the object turns red This is how you select a single igraph object To perform an area select press and hold the left mouse button at a blank location on the igraph then drag the mouse To add an object to the selected list click the middle mouse button To remove an object from the selected lis
5. Images WIT has powerful features which allow you compare images critically It also allows you to view images stored as files directly without running an igraph To try this select File View from the menu bar A file dialog comes up WiT comes with many sample images Go to the directory images sub directory under the WiT installation directory For example if you have installed WiT in C Program Files WiT then navigate to C Program Files WiT images in the file dialog You should now see a large number of image files listed To best illustrate the usefulness of the image comparison features in WiT choose an image which is the same size and type as the sample image which should be already displayed at this time Sample now displayed with name display is a 256x256 8 bit unsigned image Sample2 is also a 256x256 8 bit unsigned image so choose it from the file dialog The image comes up next to sample in another window When multiple images are displayed clicking anywhere on an image causes the image property panel to switch focus to that image You can tell which image has the focus by looking at the title bar on the image property panel the name of the active image is shown there 28 On the image property panel choose All for the Apply to item Now all images will try to do the same thing that you do to one image For example turn on the X profile plot for sample2 Now if you drag your mouse in sample both the X profile plots fo
6. New Subgraph apetece ake A EE O e E E a EE REA 43 Editing d Subgraph marenia ua ette per EE A G e LERSE E ER on 44 Running an Igraph with Subgraphs eese entente etre 45 Promoting Parameters from a Subgraph esee enne 46 IB PAL ons isosto 48 Coreco Imaging Contact INformatiON eveseeeeeeeososoueseouonousonononoonononoonononsonononoonononsonononoononoonononnn 49 Introduction Thank you for purchasing WiT This Getting Started manual will guide you through the installation process and present you with an overview of the major components of WiT More information about WiT can be found in the WiT User s manual For users who want to create custom applications based on WiT igraphs add operators to WiT or write stand alone C C programs using WiT processing functions read the Programmer s manual For information about WiT processing functions read the Operator Reference manual The WiT Help Manual can be accessed after WiT is installed It contains electronic versions of all the manuals including this Getting Started manual and other useful reference material Users who are upgrading from an earlier version of WiT are strongly recommended to read the WiT Version Changes book in the WiT Help Manual carefully It describes changes in this release that require modifications to be made to existing igraphs or applications Installation There are three majo
7. Ui EA Ee ei E EERE S EASAN TESE VEEE OERE ERa 6 Floating Eicense segs e e A ee E eda EE eds E EEE e eed oes 7 Run Tim and eWi ds tne it Sod acti in so Re REIP 9 Location xxr Uie t e oa ete A i aa 9 FY NO is tens dead dde ded dues qiu 9 j M 11 Inturtive graphs cie oed tee ette eter tene e enm deed nieder deett 12 Performing a Series of Operations on an Image eese eene 12 Continuous Processing of Grabbed Images eese nene 12 Branching DG risks ec eo ur EUR ERE desan YER ad soda ansan HERR RO EERERTES 13 Operating on a Set Of Im ges isset reri tet eri rU Ert EEES 13 Conditional Branching eiui de enis rH e E tere beret 13 Interactwe User Inpuls ii die n i e sa post aaa ERR E FERRE OR ESSENSE ES 14 Dynamic Parameter Values see rere bee her HER RH Ee Rp g 14 Operators and Parameters at Your Finger Tips seessseeeeeneeneeeeeeneennene 14 Extensive Data Inspection Tools eoe tee tte retenir tti eret trae 15 Nested Igrapli 3 otn PRU PR GER DEREN ON R S Ko ken an ER a Cr te Pe Eris 17 Streamlined Frame Grabber Support sees enne 17 Parallel and Pipeline Processing eee roster nnde e e eor HU EP Peer etie hes 17 Performance Tuning Tools ect em Ee Teen tr Pe edet 18 User Created Operators and Data Types ssessesesseseseeeeen eene emen 19 Programming 10 C C esee Eae tie See dae iei PER 19 Distributed Netw
8. User s Manual and Programmer s Manual respectively If you are really stuck try our web site www wit igraph com If you still cannot find the information you need email us at wit corecoimaging com 48 Coreco Imaging Contact Information Sales Information Web site www imaging com Email info corecoimaging com Technical Support Voice 604 435 2587 ext 9 Email wit corecoimaging com Corporate Headquarters Coreco Imaging Inc 7075 Place Robert Joncas Suite 142 St Laurent Quebec H4M 2Z2 Canada Tel 514 333 1301 Fax 514 333 1388 US Sales Office Coreco Imaging Inc 900 Middlesex Turnpike Building 8 Floor 2 Billerica MA 01821 USA Tel 781 275 2700 Fax 781 275 9590 49 50
9. When an igraph becomes too complex portions of it can be grouped into sub graphs to clarify the design Sub graphs can also be used as a way to re use design components much like functions or procedures in a traditional programming language WiT displays a subgraph section like a regular operator However in terms of execution and implementation the subgraph behaves exactly as if the entire collapsed section fits inside the icon that represents it In this exercise we will make a subgraph which scales an image to 128x128 enhance the contrast by equalizing it and returns that as the output Then we will make multiple instances of this subgraph to process several images within one igraph Adding a New Subgraph Create three instances of readImage you may want to use the Duplicate workspace menu item Set the filename parameter of the first instance to sample the second to mri and the third to fighter Next we need to create a subgraph that will scale an image and equalize it Select the Add subgraph menu item from the Graph menu The New Subgraph panel comes up 43 Van Pa POOR peem Fr n F r ur kegan six Enter mySub as the name leave the type width and height values at their default settings then click the SI button A new operator appears in paste mode Move the icon to the right of the first readImage operator and click the left mouse button to place it there The new mySub subgraph icon is displayed with a red
10. image Iu lapel rama eT ate w Te getData Graphic Type Since getData requires an input image you need to tell it which object it should use as input Click the TO tab You can type in the name of the cell produced by readImage as the name of Input 0 of getData but you can do the same by just point and click To do that first click the left mouse button at Inputs 0 to make it the active field Now click the cell produced by readImage The name image is copied to input 0 The panel should now look like this x kinn Flscaran ruga Oo He e ata epo Outpuer i med maga D peated wx getData Input Name Click The sample image appears in a separate window with a Graphics Editor panel 37 xjl yilmi iS 1 TIS IN k x w amp n eo ojo Ende imi coma of iariangis Using the getData Operator Notice on the bottom row of the Graphics Editor the data type is preset to El rectangle To enter a rectangle press and hold the left mouse button on the image where one of the rectangle corners should be then drag the mouse to the other corner and release the button Bring up the property panel on the image and select the OK menu item A new cell appears in the workspace Select Element Now we would like to execute the statsRoi operator However statsRoi requires a single graphic object not a vector Even though the getData output is a vector of just one element it is still a vect
11. manual is available on line from the Help Contents menu item Throughout the documentation and when running WiT WITHOMEB stands for the installation directory in which you have installed WiT which is C Program Files WiT by default WITUSR refers to the directory where your personal copy of WiT resides In a single user installation WITHOME is usually the same as WITUSR With this knowledge you can skip reading manuals and begin to explore WiT Displaying an Image Let us start our tour with a simple task read an image from a file and display it Many people like to describe tasks and algorithms with block diagrams because they are visual and easier to understand than a textual description It would be nice if the same block diagram can actually be used for the execution of the algorithm This is precisely what WiT lets you do it allows you to specify an algorithm with a graph block diagram called an igraph for imaging graph Igraphs are made up of icons blocks connected with links Icons represent operators e g read an image perform a convolution etc Links specify paths along which data travels from one operator to the next The order in which operators are executed is determined by the flow of data We will build the following igraph JE mi anman immi eb rara ripis joe Sail Igraph for Reading and Displaying an Image 22 You will see that not only is the igraph a concise and visually pleasing representation o
12. on the mySub icon like this mySub a Select the mySub icon then choose Duplicate to make another copy Repeat to get a total of three copies of mySub on the workspace Connect the output of each of the readImage operators to an instance of mySub Create three instances of display Set the name parameter of the first instance to sample the second to mri and the third to fighter Connect the output of each of the mySub operators to an instance of display Running an Igraph with Subgraphs Bring up the properties panel for any one of the mySub icons and click the button You will see the igraph that the mySub icon represents come up in a pop up window 45 ek ai 1 0 NH bea pe Run the igraph while the mySub graph is visible You will see that visual feedback operators turning green token travel etc applies to displayed subgraphs also Promoting Parameters from a Subgraph You can modify the behavior of a subgraph by promoting some of the parameters of its operators For example bring up the properties panel for one of the mySub icons and click the l button to edit the subgraph Bring up the properties panel of zoomSize and click the button next to the xsize parameter The Promote Parameter dialog comes up 46 Click the Xl button to accept the default name Notice that the xsize parameter is shown in reverse video to indicate that it has been promoted Simple zub ge For usse irm eiae Click the 4 butt
13. or hit the ESC key on your keyboard Location The Choose Destination Location dialog allows to specify where on your hard disk the WiT files should be installed The default directory is C Program Files WiT If you want click the Browse button to change the location When you are satisfied with the location click Next Type Select Development on the Setup Type dialog Then click Next ka aua zi TII mem iu wan una Ee fan napa run 7 Chit wa cnes d Lau sci pesa om i pa me pER ams Standard Components The Select Components dialog allows you to select which standard components you wish to install If you are not sure about what components you need just use the default selections aS si hrer uma eera D g iia n e Required This is the core component It includes WiT and all the processing libraries For a new WIT installation this component must be selected e Images The component consists of sample images which are useful for testing new alogrithms and for running the demos You do not have to select this component if you know you will only be using your own images e Manuals On line manuals User s Manual Programmer s Manual etc e Engine Files needed to execute WIC files from VB or C C user applications e C Programming Components for adding new C functions to WiT or developing C applications using WiT libraries Includes headers import libraries etc e 5 x Dongle Protection key driver for
14. CORECO IMAGING Coreco Imaging e 7075 Place Robert Joncas Suite 142 e St Laurent Quebec Canada e H4M 2Z2 http www imaging com WiT Getting Started Edition 8 0 Part number OC WITM GS000 NOTICE 2003 Coreco Imaging Inc All rights reserved This document may not be reproduced nor transmitted in any form or by any means either electronic or mechanical without the express written permission of Coreco Imaging Inc Every effort is made to ensure the information in this manual is accurate and reliable Use of the products described herein is understood to be at the user s risk Coreco Imaging Inc assumes no liability whatsoever for the use of the products detailed in this document and reserves the right to make changes in specifications at any time and without notice Microsoft and MS DOS are registered trademarks Windows Windows 95 Windows NT and Windows XP are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks or intellectual property mentioned herein belong to their respective owners Printed on September 30 2003 Document Number OC WITM GS000 Printed in Canada Contents 1 3 Development n bre bn toD tup Dni momenti tete dme 3 Iun EE 3 Dypex aed ent Sete da bci Date e aU dus o S ems 5 Standard Components iade e e aee edi Ee EI He Ee sm Eten reta 5 Frame Grabbers operieren ei EERE EERE EE RER E ETSK EEES 6 Password aeiiaaie
15. Make some links with corners on the igraph Deselect everything by clicking the left mouse button at a blank location To edit the link point at a link corner then drag the mouse with the left button down The two line segments connected to the link rubber band to follow the mouse Release the mouse button The link shape is modified Notice that the link must not be selected when you modify its shape If the link is selected then clicking the left mouse button at it will start moving the entire link Icon Appearance From the operator property panel you can flip an operator icon control how each parameter is displayed disable the operator or bypass it A disabled operator or link behaves as though it does not exist on the igraph A bypassed operator behaves as though there are links which connect its inputs directly to its outputs Naturally bypass is only possible with operators which have the same number of input and output ports and the ports support the same data types Examples of operators which can be bypassed are lopass2d invert and median just to name a few Obsolete operators are marked with a small red X in the center of the icon All obsolete operators are contained in the obsolete folder of the operator explorer Examples of obsolete operators are rdObj rdImage startSync and wrObj just to name a few us ES c barare zampa nd peaphec T ppa Fori pos LO IRE diiy Disabled Bypassed and Obsolete Operators Zooming and Des
16. Operators and Parameters at Your Finger Tips Instead of flipping through big reference manuals looking for the right function WiT presents all its operators graphically You can view them as functional groups sort them alphabetically use wild card filters etc And on line help for an operator is just a click away 14 WiT presents all parameters graphically with default values that usually work well and value ranges that are enforced to be valid m Opele Proportions sipli Ta Man Cana ba Foret afa type 5e zj hakirara aja T cuam 7 Ban UU uma Laval aja iria 0 Extensive Data Inspection Tools You can look at data values using a display operator or a probe a on a link ret bam Erea 15 All kinds ofimages can be displayed 8 bit 16 bit signed unsigned floating point complex etc Image displays have profiles and pixel value magnifiers that help you analyse data values Non image data of any kind can be displayed as plain or formatted text with all kinds of user settings for font and color 16 Nested Igraphs Portions of an igraph can be displayed as a single icon to clarify the design of an igraph Such icons represent sub graphs Sub graphs can be nested as deep as you want Streamlined Frame Grabber Support A uniform interface is used to control all frame grabber types For example once a frame grabber is correctly installed the acquire operator is used to acquire i
17. T oo A abpa gjaja jaj De ii as ILE LF Programming in C C All WiT operators are implemented as C functions in DLLs So if you are more comfortable with writing your own C C programs you can use the WiT libraries for image processing and analysis directly from you C C program The programming API for WiT operator functions are very natural for C programming and are fully documented You can use WiT for prototyping then use the C code generator to generate code that you can insert into your C C application You can also bypass the entire WiT and igraph concept and code directly in C right from the beginning The following is a trivial yet complete example console application using WiT libraries include corObj h include wSystem h 19 main void CorImage im CorObjInit NULL NULL if cor rdImage amp im data sample2 bmp 0 COR OP OK printf Failed n else int x y CorUByte min max int w CorObj width amp im int h CorObj height sim CorUByte ip CorObj mdData sim min max ip for y 0 y lt h y for x 0 x w x 1 if ip min min ip if ip gt max max ip ip printf Size dx d range d d n w h min max CorImageFree sim CorObjExit Distributed Network Processing with eWiT WIT supports parallel execution on distributed computers over a TCP IP network by connecting WiT the client to a n
18. V camera Click Next to continue Uriari theme ba aiam Password After setup is complete and before you run WiT enter your 20 digit password numbers using the WiT License Manager and the license file diskette provided in your WiT package A password is used to authenticate various software products you have purchased and enables the products to run correctly on your machine Start the License Manager from the WiT program group The License Manager presents a product listing as shown below Select the Load passwords item under the File menu and load the license file lic file from your license diskette After the file is loaded your product list information should be updated with the serial number key type expiry date and number of licenses of each purchased product In addition the status should change to Key Detected Alternatively passwords can be entered by clicking on a product from the product list then selecting the Set password menu item under the File menu Enter the product password in the text entry box then click the OK button If you have typed in the password correctly then updated information should appear in the product list Once your WiT password is entered you will be able to start WiT and begin work The Support date refers to the date at which your one year of free upgrade and technical support ends Your WIT license itself will never expire So you can use the version of WiT you purchase
19. age The arrow head symbolizes an output port data going out of the operator The arrow tail symbolizes an input port data coming into the operator Input ports usually appear on the left side of operator icons output ports on the right We now need to connect the two icons together with the proper data flow Point at the output port of start and click the left mouse button Now when you move your mouse a rubber band wire is created between the port and the cursor Move the cursor to the input port of readImage and click the left mouse button The two ports disappear A link with an arrow indicating the direction of data flow connects the output of start to the input of readImage Repeat the process to connect the output port of readImage to the input port of display You should have something like the following figure ii ridge Ha Teri largi rara dpi we Sail Igraph after Connecting Input and Output Ports 24 Running an Igraph Click the lon the tool bar The status indicator on the left of the tool bar turns from the static icon a mouse symbolizes editing to an animated icon Start turns green for about a second and a message comes up on the WiT status window stating that start is now executing A red dot representing the data object then travels from the output of start to the input of readImage along the link The readImage operator executes producing an image at its output port represented as a new red dot
20. d for as long as you want However for keeping up with the latest improvements and receive technical support we recommend that you keep your software licenses up to date by renewing your support period every year Floating License WiT is copy protected by a hardware key and passwords By default the hardware key is provided by a dongle connected to the parallel port of the computer used to run WiT When multiple users need to share one or more copies of WiT a floating license arrangement can be used A floating license allows WiT to run on several networked PCs with only one hardware key When using floating licenses dongles are typically installed on a file server This can help reduce the possibility of dongles being stolen To enable floating license operation follow the procedure below 1 Start the License Manager and select the Floating license menu item under the File menu This action pops up a license dialog panel as shown below x Key Mode IP Address fi 34 87 102 100 vix The Key Mode determines whether a license should be obtained by a local hardware key or via a floating license Select the Network option Now you must pick a machine to act as the floating license host and ensure it is on your network with a hardware key installed Start the WiTRAS program maton the floating license host machine Note the IP address reported in the title bar of WiTRAS e g 134 87 102 69 7 zT WST RAS 19 EC II
21. dot at the upper right corner to indicate that it is a subgraph icon with no input or output ports like this mySub eI If you click the right mouse button on the subgraph icon a subgraph property panel will come up This panel looks very much like an operator property panel but it has 3 additional buttons 24 for expanding the subgraph l for editing and Zl for editing the icon Click the i button to edit the subgraph Editing a Subgraph After clicking the fil button on the subgraph properties panel the workspace is cleared and you are now editing the contents of your new subgraph Create one instance of the in operator Notice that the symbol of the in operator looks like an ordinary operator input port but it is hollow and slightly larger On the right is a solid output port this is the output of in Create one instance of the out operator The solid input port on the left is the input port of out 44 Create one instance of zoomSize Set both the xsize and ysize parameters to 128 Then create one instance of autoEqualize Leave the fraction parameter at the default value of 5 Connect the output port of in to the input of zoomSize the output of zoomSize to the input of autoEqualize and connect the output of autoEqualize to the input of out You should now have an igraph like the following Click the 2 button on the tool bar to go back up to the top level igraph You should now see an input port and an output port
22. e setup icon Fe Follow the on screen instructions as described below If at any time you wish to cancel the installation hit the Cancel button on whatever the current dialog panel is or hit the ESC key on your keyboard Location The Choose Destination Location dialog allows to specify where on your hard disk the WiT files should be installed The default directory is C Program Files WiT If you want click the Browse button to change the location When you are satisfied with the location click Next Type E heure Cis ea eke EAT ETATE a la magi itemi kem Lise nobit g ppi siin hu peme ard ii Frin siim hiii aur aliie Cana hirii T ka Select Runtime in the Setup Type dialog 10 atu Tape gt Dnus fo rag tenn Bat hog narra maet A P Lr wa d Laus xi pa Dei Vua n en emia apri le bm iare a emori Tan Then install other components by following the same procedures as the Development installation Overview WiT is a powerful visual programming tool for designing computer algorithms with block diagrams called igraphs which can be executed Igraphs are built using icons and links with point and click simplicity They are particularly suitable for complex image processing applications in areas such as machine vision biomedical imaging and imaging research An igraph presents an entire algorithm using proven building blocks icons to perform image processing Links direct data from one icon to the ne
23. en drag it to the igraph workspace the large blank area in the main WiT window When your mouse moves to the workspace area a copy of the start icon will follow your cursor Move somewhere to the left of the workspace then release the left mouse button This creates an instance of the start operator Each operator has its own unique properties Most operator properties have reasonable default values which will work fine for this tutorial We will look at how to change parameter values later 23 Reading and Displaying an Image Next we need an operator to read an image Choose readImage from the Explorer and follow the same procedures to place the icon on the igraph Put it somewhere to the right of start Note that operator properties are shown below the operator icon Using the same procedure put a display operator somewhere to the right of readImage You should now have something like the following figure mo t yt r desine END end rev cepa Tra uic Igraph after readImage and display are Instantiated Icon Positions If you are not happy with the positions of start readImage or display on the igraph point your mouse at the operator icon you wish to move then press and hold the left mouse button Now as you drag your mouse the operator follows The operator is placed wherever you release the mouse button Creating a Link Notice the black arrow head on the right of start and the black arrow tail on the left of readIm
24. f the algorithm but it is also much easier to create and run than an ordinary computer program Starting Point of an Igraph First we need an operator to start an igraph Pull down the Tools menu and select the first item Operator Explorer The Operator Explorer window comes up inizi Fie Views ai BH nee Color Jei corci selects GAs Contes Li act Bk eres j a Beaten AL cot ort cmm parer L rin E koni E pitie Fara warnt ur rann aH l Cheech z e Nu Bian Point shat feWeckor eal an TET Sy Trane cera Ta a ap Pew Lj ehia laj j al Operator Explorer The Operator Explorer is designed to look and work like the Windows Explorer On the left is a list of library names grouped according to function Click the left mouse button on a library to make it active On the right is the list of operators belonging to the active library The first library group is always All selecting it will give you all the operators currently available When the Explorer first comes up the active library is All For all the exercises in this chapter we will use the Explorer with the All selection The first operator we need is start which is the starting point of the flow of an igraph Locate the start icon on the right side of the Explorer You will need to use the horizontal scroll bar on the bottom to bring the icon into view Press and hold the left mouse button at the start icon th
25. g graphs or igraphs to represent algorithms E g o gy BI free papi gri run dirpiany igne Ano Igraphs are like block diagrams They are much more intuitive and less restrictive than traditional linear textual programming code Because igraphs use links to connect data paths between operators variable names are not required This makes experimental development of new algorithms much easier because you can change operators and execution sequences without having to rename data variables Following are some more interesting example igraphs Performing a Series of Operations on an Image This igraph reads an image from a file and applies a series of operations on the data Contrast the simplicity and the absence of variable names of this igraph with a similar algorithm written in C or BASIC O Baron Teren oke gn mer jarias tpa Aui per rob Atout pentes andes sw beso pe Diari Biel Continuous Processing of Grabbed Images This igraph applies a series of operations on a continuous stream of images acquired from a frame grabber This is typical of most machine vision applications 12 Branching Data This igraph branches off a data object to be processed by different operators This is more intuitive than the artificial linear restriction imposed by traditionally textual programming languages In addition to looking more natural such branches are key to WiT s ability to utilized parallel CPUs and networked co
26. he hardware Continuous Acquisition and Processing To do continuous processing modify the igraph as follows 5r aaa Aa remar Type Sote nara Hapiss Continuous Processing When you run this igraph you will get a continuous display of edge filtered images from your camera To stop the igraph click the Si button 34 Script Mode Although igraphs are extremely powerful and easy to use there are times when you just want to apply one or two operators to some data objects For example you may want to read an image and transpose it then save it back Having to build a tiny igraph and then run it is inconvenient especially when you know you will never use the igraph again So WiT provides a script execution mode In this mode operators that you select are executed and the results shown immediately Script mode is useful in exploring and understanding the rich set of imaging operations WiT offers as well as debugging any new operators that you have developed yourself You can switch to script mode by clicking 1 To go back to graph mode click 44 TAT 6 0 Sorlsb vanse WiT in Script Mode The menu bar and tool bar remains the same in script mode although some items may be disabled The workspace is used to display thumbnails of data objects Operators are invoked just as in graph mode If an operator requires inputs they are retrieved form the workspace After execution any outputs an operator produces are displayed in the
27. ign Size If you need more room to place operators and links you can increase the design size Select Design size from the Windows menu on the WiT menu bar A design size panel comes up Width 600 El Height 300 Design Size Panel Enter the desired width and height then click the S button One useful design technique is to make the design very big initially such as 2000x2000 Then when the design is done resize the window to be just big enough to contain the igraph then click the amp 3 button to make the design size the same as the window size 42 If your igraph gets too big to fit on the screen you may want to zoom out make the objects smaller so that you can fit more operators on the screen Point the mouse at a blank spot on the igraph design area and press the right mouse button to bring up the property menu Select Zoom The cursor changes to a magnifying glass Now if you move the mouse to the right and down you will zoom in the igraph objects become bigger The mouse cursor changes to ki SO li you move the mouse to the left and up you will zoom out objects become smaller The mouse cursor changes to Se To pan the igraph especially useful after you have zoomed in use the scroll bars on the left and bottom of the igraph workspace The scroll bars appear automatically when the design size is larger than the window size To return to the original size select Normal size from the workspace menu Subgraphs
28. mages There are no special parameters to set start acquire display E 00 frames 1 name display delay 0 Parallel and Pipeline Processing Graphs are inherently more suitable for expressing parallelism For example in the following graph WiT will execute both branches simultaneously if the PC has multiple CPUs or if other distributed processors are available 17 wa g a NEC Emm i RET sm im LLLA d iei a loan mori Ed Re i In addition to parallel branches WiT can also run operators in parallel when data is pumped into a pipeline In the following example WiT will keep up to five processors busy when the pipeline is filled Performance Tuning Tools WiT is designed for high speed machine vision WiT has an integrated profiler to locate bottlenecks in an igraph WiT also has different run speeds to control the amount of execution feedback and break points to debug an igraph or to run it at maximum speed 18 User Created Operators and Data Types You can add your own functions and use them just like any WiT operators in your igraphs WiT can load a library project into Microsoft Visual Studio for C C directly Then you can compile and debug your operators You can even add your own icons and on line help to share your custom operators with your colleagues MENEN aiga f me bee mm Pei Fre pem dw e bee ata ago k EDY jar bo y omg P Bis j KA a eee dk mug e
29. mputing resources to accelerate an algorithm a r e Li ER ak 1 Tw ES wA fenster nen F trpa Aun tarrual brary Pippa raga t I 9 A op fig Sas Byes fore bine Operating on a Set of Images This igraph applies the same operations to a set of images This kind of batch processing is difficult or unsupported by most easy to use machine vision or graphics programs Not only can WiT igraphs perform such tasks it does so with sheer simplicity Conditional Branching This igraph illustrates how conditional branching can be accomplished Jf A j 3 j fre oO pe L gt ej f l zai a 13 Interactive User Inputs This igraph pops up a image for the user to enter a location on an image and then reports the pixel value at that location It illustrates how an igraph can be paused to allow a user to enter data METTE alii ai ar 1p i sje psp ssp oat z CAE EH x pM fer inberactizksy by uer Dynamic Parameter Values This igraph shows that parameters which are normally fixed at design time can be converted into inputs and fed by other parts of an igraph dynamically In this example the condition parameter of an if operator is calculated dynamically to perform a finite operation loop This is of course normally how if operators are used since a statically programmed branch as illustrated by the Conditional Branching example is not a usually a useful construct
30. nal then you will see that the Frame Grabber item is enabled on this menu Select this item to bring up a frame grabber window which allows you to display live video grab individual frames and control frame grabber parameters such as grab size and input channel selection This tool is a convenient way of making sure your frame grabber is working To display live video select Live from the Acquire menu Select Acquire again to stop acquiring If everything is working then exit the Frame Grabber tool and select Save config under the Tools menu so the next time WiT is started your frame grabber will be automatically ready to use For most uses this is all you need to know For sophisticated uses of frame grabbers such as triggered acquisition and non standard cameras the Frame Grabber Tool provides many controls 33 Frame Grabber Window Simple Acquisition Next let us use your frame grabber in an igraph If you have followed the previous section then WiT would have come up with everything correctly configured to use the frame grabber In this exercise we will simply grab an image and display it han i irim ri 1 rur cicpln Igraph for Grabbing an Image Build this igraph yourself or load it from the examples directory Run it and you will see an image grabbed from your camera You can insert some processing between acquire and display Depending on the capabilities of your frame grabber some or all WiT processing operators may run on t
31. old style Unikey hardware keys used in WiT 5 x and earlier versions e Network Install This option allows you to use a copy of WiT already installed on your network to reduce the space required on your local disk e Chinese Simplified Language Pack This option will install Simplified Chinese text strings and set Simplified Chinese as the default language The required fonts must be installed separately during Windows installation e Chinese Traditional Language Pack This option will install Traditional Chinese text and set Traditional Chinese as the default language The required fonts must be installed separately during Windows installation e Japanese Language Pack This option will install Japanese text and set Japanese as the default language The required fonts must be installed separately during Windows installation Frame Grabbers In the Select Frame Grabber dialog check all the frame grabbers that you have on your PC If you choose to install any frame grabber component consult the manual that came with your frame grabber for hardware and driver installation procedures All supported Coreco Imaging hardware drivers are included in the Drivers directory on the WiT CD ROM If you plan to use a USB web cam or DV camera with IEEE 1394 firewire you need to install Microsoft DirectX which is included in the redist directx8 directory on the WiT CD ROM You must also follow the installation procedures that comes with your web cam or D
32. omputers to speed up execution of igraphs As the tokens travel under the magnifying glasses two pop up windows appears a Data Objects One is named Flipped Image and contains a flipped image of sample The other is named Mean but this one contains a single number which is the mean of all the pixel values in the sample image This number is also a WiT data object A WiT data object can be simple such as a single integer or character string or it may be complex consisting of nested data structures and arrays Images are in fact just a particular type of data object All data objects other than images are displayed as formatted text These two data objects are saved to files by writeObj Notice you do not need to use different operators for different object types The writeObj operator handles all WiT data types Working with Frame Grabbers If you have purchased a frame grabber for use with WiT you can try this exercise Otherwise skip this section Frame Grabber Tool If you have a frame grabber board supported by WiT then start WiT with a configuration file that loads the particular frame grabber This is done by clicking the Windows Start button and selecting Programs WiT Start and selecting the frame grabber you are using e g Bandit This causes WiT to load a configuration file that includes support for the selected frame grabber board Bring up the Tools menu If the frame grabber board was installed correctly and is operatio
33. on to go back to the top level Now you should see a new parameter named xsize appearing under all instances of the mySub icon You can now change the xsize parameter without editing the subgraph 47 Learning More You should now have a fairly good feel for what WiT can do To learn more about WiT read the User s Manual You should also go through all the other demo igraphs in the witidemo directory The Eg directory contains the examples in the tutorial that you have already gone through The Operators directory contains interesting demos for many of the WiT operators The Methods directory contains more application rather than operator oriented demos These demos tend to be the most complex The best way to learn WiT is to start using it for real problems Start with some simple ones When you want to do something that you don t quite know how to do try to remember if you have seen something similar in one of the demos For example the demos contain examples of how to process a list of images running multiple operators in parallel or in a pipeline hill holes in binary images etc Go through the Operator Reference Manual to see what the standard WiT operators can do If you are a good programmer read the Programmer s Manual to learn how you can create custom applications in C C or Visual Basic or add new operators in C C The Reference Manual has User and Programmer sections with reference details that correspond to the
34. or To extract the single element from the vector invoke the getElem operator Set method to first and click Two new cells are produced One cell is the first element labeled newElement on the bottom of the card The other is the rest of the vector in this case an empty vector Notice the type of newElement is Graphic without the brackets meaning it is a single Graphic object Because the output of getData is a vector of graphic objects this new cell does not contain an image Instead the first few lines of this object are displayed You can look at the contents of this object by clicking on the card just as you did to display the image 38 TAT 6 0 Sorlsb uanamed ioe d gena Graphe Ul piri A mad poni 2 ima d it ae Real poni Ea After Executing Operator getElem Compute Statistics Now we are finally ready to execute statsRoi It requires an image on its first input and a graphic object on its second input Set input 0 to image and input 1 to newElement The properties panel should look like this m Sate Properties xj w Hms ran apati Qui ead reper ise odas 1 pE arcas 1 parie nan 2 e 3 raf n StatsRoi Operator Properties Click The outputs of statsRoi are placed in the workspace The mean is the number we are looking for Notice the cells are auto arranged to fit in the workspace 39 TWST 6 0 Soret I satus oo as sac or in steicR ora Gaphe api MI gn pe d ges
35. ork Processing with eWIT ssessesesseeseseeeeeeneren enema 20 jOU 21 Basic Usage Techniques 3 dece ei dee tere he tet ed ete ei dc ce 21 Displaying an Image eee tote ROREM ERROR EM oo KETS ssia 22 Starting Point of an Igraph esee eene teen trennen trennen rennen 23 Reading and Displaying an Image essen eene nennen 24 TCORPOSIHOST esie E se e t e ecu e ee e RES 24 Creating a Link 33 yy ae ec ie e er A eases BMRA ive e e weed BREEN 24 Runtting n Tgrtaph ah det eee Re ei ete ert ee BUN dn dee a Sen he Wing ENT FE anbyen 25 Changing Operator Parameters ee tedesca Eee te tete Fee Fo tbe o badge leas 25 Viewing and Studying Images ener nennen eene enne trennen 26 Image PropDertles eee ee ead ene tide eraut Pede Peri dE er EEE E eed eae 27 Contrast and Brightness ie edeive iode tied ee Free o ead ee dh bete ree sosit 27 Profiles and Mapgnifier s e Ree e ete Pea Fe De ee Sb e tete esaye 27 Comparing Images 4 eec dene ye eae Eoo de tae ee Proto Dieu e e tee eee e 28 Managing Igraphis uem yo pise sion iet teretes Uv ee gonbo hi n ote aki eee paske bees 29 Saving the CurrentIMor ph i3 en eas chs ave ter od eseye ven ma aspe ae PO po pov kabes esye ev edem uus 29 Loading an Igraplt Re EROR UIDERI dE be e HESS 29 Clearing the Current Ierdpho demere mpUUES 30 Performing a Linear Series of Operations esee rennen 30 Building the Igr phs
36. ouse button inside the sample image A pop up image menu appears Select Properties An image properties window comes up pijp Eo Image Properties Panel Contrast and Brightness On the right of the image property panel is a grayscale ramp with three arrows You can control the contrast of the image by dragging the arrows For example press and hold the left mouse button at the top arrow and drag the arrow down to around 128 for example The image becomes brighter Dragging the middle arrow shifts all three arrows without changing the separation between the arrows Experiment with all three arrows and observe the effects HE ati Brightness and Contrast Adjustment Profiles and Magnifier Check the Magnifier box for Inspect A new window comes up showing you the actual pixel values and cursor position Now try dragging press and hold the mouse with the left mouse button down 27 inside the image window You will see the pixel position and value displayed interactively on the image property panel Next check the X and Y boxes for Inspect Two more windows come up one for a plot of all pixel values along the x axis horizontal line the other of pixels along the y axis vertical line Again as you drag your mouse in the image window the profile plots are updated interactively TI pe kw Ti l M partur i pF haa LT y I E j A Mate Inspecting Pixel Values of an Image Comparing
37. output of flip to writeObj 1 Data Probes The only remaining components now are the magnifying glasses T The magnifying glass or probe allows you to inspect a data token without having to invoke the display operator A probe can be placed anywhere on a link When a data token travels on that link a pop up window will be created to display the contents of that token To create a probe on the link between stats and writeObj click the right mouse button at the position you want the probe to be placed A property panel for the link comes up Adding a Probe Check the box for probe Notice the link has a name which starts with an underscore _ Igraph object names that start with an underscore are not displayed This feature is used to avoid displaying meaningless names which can clutter the appearance of an igraph particularly so for links However when we place a probe on a link the name of the link will be used as the name of the pop up data window later so it is helpful to give the link a meaningful name Name the link Mean Repeat the process to add a probe for the link between flip and writeObj Name the link Flipped Image Run the Igraph Now run this igraph by clicking the 4 button As the token from readImage reaches the link junction it splits into two and the new tokens travel simultaneously to the input ports of stats and flip Later you 32 will find that this branching action enables WiT to make use of multiple c
38. perators to check whether the object it receives is the correct type For example if an operator expects an image as input and you send it an integer the operator can issue a warning and refuse to process the data Some operators can deal with a variety of input types doing different things depending on the data type This data format is preserved when a WiT data object is saved to a file so that when a data object is read back WiT will know what data type it is It also means that only one operator readObj is required to read a data object from a file and only one operator writeObj is required to write a data object to a file In this exercise we will explore how WiT handles different data types with this igraph Ep mt l EM Of tar W PS Marara temple gi anana mann Ime umo breat Dini lop tee es a op py frre ppd tankon Dany Igraph for Demonstrating Use of Data Objects This igraph introduces some new igraph features 1 Some links between stats and writeObj and between readImage and flip are not simple straight lines but have corners 2 The link from readImage branches off into two links 3 There are two instances of the same operator writeObj and one of them has a 1 attached to its name 4 There are magnifying glasses on the links between stats and writeObj and between flip and writeObj 1 Because of these new features it is worthwhile for you to go through the editing process for this igraph although a p
39. r WiT installation types Development This option installs the complete WiT development environment on a computer You can use this computer to prototype designs with igraphs add new operators create custom C C programs using WiT libraries and create custom applications with VB or VC using WiT Imaging Code WIC which are generated from igraphs Run time The option installs only those components of WiT on a computer to allow a user application to run The user application can call WiT libraries directly or execute WIC files using the WiT Engine This option will also install eWiT for distributed processing on Intranets and the Internet Development Do not attempt to install this version of WiT in an existing WiT 5 x directory A WiT 5 x release should be uninstalled first You can safely install this version of WiT on top of WiT 6 x or higher To install the WiT development package Rie SN EC Make sure Windows 2000 or XP is running and you have Administrator privileges Put the WiT CD in the CD ROM drive Locate the hardware protection key small gray 25 pin connector in the WiT package Insert this key in your parallel port con Mi Double click the My Computer icon on the desktop Double click the CD ROM icon Ei Double click the setup icon S Follow the on screen instructions as described below If at any time you wish to cancel the installation hit the Cancel button on whatever the current dialog panel is
40. r sample and sample2 are updated in unison Uncheck the X profile check box on the property panel and both X profile plots are closed Try other controls such as the ramp or colormap to see how powerful the Apply to control is Comparing Images Managing Igraphs Igraphs are stored as files you can manipulate them like most files Saving the Current Igraph To save the igraph you are editing click the HX tool bar button A file dialog comes up Enter an appropriate name for the igraph say mygraph then click the OK button Loading an Igraph To load an igraph click the EA tool bar button A file dialog comes up All the igraphs described in this section have already been pre built and tested They are stored in the demo Eg sub directory For example to see what the pre built Displaying an Image igraph looks like enter the name Displaying an Image for the file name and click the OK button The current igraph is cleared and the new igraph is then displayed in the workspace 29 Clearing the Current Igraph To clear the current igraph click the tool bar button The workspace is cleared and all pop up data windows the sample image window and its properties are removed Performing a Linear Series of Operations The power of igraphs lies in the ability to create and test complex algorithms quickly In our next exercise we will read an image convert it to its negative rotate it 30 degrees then display the result as a 3
41. re built version does exist demo Eg Data Objects igr 31 First create one instance of start readImage stats and flip and place them at the appropriate positions First connect the output of start to the input of readImage To create the link branches first connect the output of readImage to the input of stats as usual Now point the mouse at the middle of this link and double click the left mouse button A circular dot appears at the position where you clicked your mouse This is a newly created link junction As you move your mouse a rubber band link exists between the mouse cursor and the junction Click the left mouse button once to create a link corner then point at the input port of flip and double click the left mouse button The link branches are now properly created Next make an instance of writeObj Set the filename parameter to mean Connect the first output the mean of stats to the input of writeObj Leave the other outputs of stats unconnected Make another instance of writeObj Set the filename parameter to flipped Place it to the right of flip Notice the name is automatically set to writeObj 1 WiT does this because all objects operators and links in an igraph must have unique names On the property panel you can change the name of the operator to almost anything you like provided it does not conflict with any other objects in the igraph If the name you type is already in use WiT will append a number to it Connect the
42. t click the middle mouse button again Moving Objects Select a few objects both operators and links Point the mouse at one of the selected objects then press and hold the left mouse button Drag the mouse Notice all the selected objects move with the mouse Release the mouse button The selected objects move to the new location Click the U button The objects move back to their original position You can undo any editing action such as copy paste or even link modification see following sections Normally when you move one or more operators which have links attached to them then all the links rubber band to follow the operators This way you can shift operators around without having to reconnect their links If you want operators to be disconnected from unselected links when you move them hold the SHIFT key down while you drag the mouse Cut Copy Paste and Duplicate Select a few objects Then click the El button The selected objects are deleted Click the U button The previously deleted objects come back Click Ed then HJ and move the mouse inside the workspace A copy of the selected objects now follows the mouse Click the left mouse button to place the objects To perform a copy and paste in one step select Duplicate from the workspace pop up menu A copy of the selected objects now follows the mouse Click the left mouse button The new set of objects is placed at where you clicked the mouse 41 Editing Links
43. that travels to the display operator When the data arrives at display display turns green for a second and a new window pops up with the image sample read by readImage shown The name of the image window is display which is copied from the Name parameter on the display operator WiT reports on the status window that the igraph execution is complete and the status indicator on the tool bar changes back to Changing Operator Parameters Now let us display a different image by change a parameter Point your mouse at readImage and click the right mouse button The operator properties panel for readImage will come up 25 p read image Frepartins readImage Operator Properties Change the filename param to boat wit Leave all other parameters at their default values Click the Mi button Run the igraph again by clicking the You should see the following image Boat Image To follow the rest of this tuturial change filename back to sample wit and run the igraph again Leave the image window up Viewing and Studying Images After running the previous exercise you will see an image displayed Images are initially shown at their original size when it first comes up but you can resize it using the resize corners WiT has many features for you to look at and compare pixel values critically 26 Image Properties A number of tools are available for studying an image while it is displayed Press and hold the right m
44. umber of eWiT servers eWiT for Embedded WiT is a program that supports most of the capabilities of WiT with the exception of the graphical user interface It communicates with WiT using TCP IP when connected via a network eWiT can execute subgraphs when instructed by the WIT client Because it has most of the capabilities of WiT eWiT can be configured using the WiT Manager to support all kinds of frame grabbers and hardware and provide those services to WiT remotely WiT coordinates all the local CPUs and eWiT connections so that many operators in an igraph can be executed at the same time You can make as many eWiT connections to WiT as you want A computer that runs eWiT must have at least a WiT run time license A WiT development license will also enable eWiT There are various reasons for using eWiT If your computer is connected to a local area network you may want to run eWiT on all machines that are not busy so that your igraphs can execute faster Usually communication speed is much slower compared to execution speed Therefore in general you only want to distribute subgraphs that take a fairly long time to execute to eWiT Another common reason for using eWiT is for grabbing images through networked computers where the frame grabber is on one computer but the igraph and developer are on another computer elsewhere 20 Tutorial WiT is a graphical programming environment that allows you to develop and test imaging algorithms quickl
45. workspace In this exercise we will compute the average pixel value of a region within an image in script mode Read Image In script mode you invoke operators by double clicking instead of drag and drop So double click the left mouse button at readImage in the Operator Explorer The operator property panel appears automatically 35 um read image Proportion readImage Operator Properties in Script Mode Notice that this panel looks a little different than when running in igraph mode Set filename to sample bmp When you click the 3 button readImage is executed immediately instead of being placed on an igraph and the image appears as the first thumbnail in the workspace EAT 6 0 Goria vanse readImage Output in Script Mode All objects are shown with a standard size cell To look at the sample image at the original resolution double click the left mouse button at the cell The image appears in a detached window Notice the name image shown below the thumbnail It is the name of this cell We will need to refer to this name when we use this image later 36 Specify Rectangle Next let us define a rectangular area from the image WiT has an operator called getData which allows you to interactively enter graphic objects such as rectangles or polygons on an image We will use getData to create the rectangle Invoke the getData operator Its property panel comes up Set the type to rectangle xi Han Piscarani
46. xt and can be configured to enable probes or breakpoints Links can be split to deliver the same data to many blocks Parameters for operators are easily changed with quick pop up dialog panels All the standard features of a CAD like environment such as cut copy paste undo zoom area select grid snapping and pan are supplied for easy igraph design The following figure shows an example igraph and a typical WiT session E m mm Flow control is handled by special operators to perform looping if then else sequencing of large data sets collecting I O counting and general data manipulation Igraphs can be nested by creating operators which encapsulate an entire igraph for use in other igraphs This hides unnecessary detail and promotes reuse of common processing steps There are hundreds of processing functions that comes standard with WiT Users can also add their own C functions and use them iconically as efficiently as any built in WiT operator 11 Igraphs designed in WiT can be converted into a hidden code executable by user applications written in C C or VB WiT can also generate C code from igraphs to be incorporated into user C programs Igraphs can exploit multiple CPUs and networked PCs or Coreco Imaging Mamba boards to give you unprecedented parallel processing capabilities All these features are at your fingertips when you use WiT Intuitive Igraphs The most distinctive feature of WiT is its use of imagin
47. y using igraphs imaging graphs WiT looks like this when it starts up 5 WAT EL Bgraqa wrm ici xil amp eer ed Fa Bel geja a s n WiT on Start Up The main WiT window consists of three areas the menu bar the tool bar and a large workspace on the bottom The smaller window on top is a status window for displaying messages Basic Usage Techniques As with many complex tools most people prefer to learn by experimentation rather than going through thick manuals This tutorial presents step by step instructions which should be easy to follow and not take too long to go through However if you want to skip even this and start experimenting right away please read this section at least 21 Like all graphical programs most of your interaction with WiT is done via your mouse WiT can work with either a two button mouse or a three button mouse If you have a three button mouse you can use the middle mouse button to perform the same function as the left mouse with the control key held down Specifically WiT recognizes these mouse actions for various functions Button Down Up Drag Left Select Done area select Move and modify Start area select objects Left with Add to or remove objects from Backup when entering control key selected list polyline down Right Display pop up menus or property dialog Context sensitive on line help is available for operators Point the mouse at the operator icon and hit the F1 key This

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