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IBM PC emulator for the Texas Instruments TI

1. TI screen 8 pixels bottom overscan 32 pixels You can set the X offset in the range 0 127 and the Y offset in the range 0 95 This will position the TI screen on the PC screen Notethat the debug prompt is displayed on thelast line of the screen and can overwritethe displayed TI screen if the Y offset is 88 or greater 116 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 4 Connecting devices to the PC COM port The Electronics Industries Association EIA RS232C standard classifies devices into Data Terminal Equipment DTE and Data Communication Equipment DCE TheRS232C standard connector has 25 pins designated as follows PIN DTE Mnemonic Direction 1 Protective ground Transmitted Data TXD gt 3 Received Data RXD lt 4 Request to send RTS gt 5 Clear to send CTS lt 6 Data set ready DSR lt 7 Signal ground 8 Data carrier detect DCD lt 11 Select standby gt 15 Transmit signal element timing lt 17 Receive signal element timing lt 18 Test gt 20 Data terminal ready DTR gt 22 Ring indicator lt 23 Speed select gt For Data Communications Equipment DCE T XD isassignedto pin 3 and RXD to pin 2 Not all pinsare required Note The RS in RS232 stands for Recommended Standard The C implies that the standard has been revised three times IBM classifies PC COM ports as DTE TI classifies its RS232 card as DCE When connecting devices of like class with a cable e g DTE to DTE the
2. 6 7 Keyboard P C99 uses the P C ROM BIOS to decode the keyboard The BI OS does not return a valuefor every PC key combination For example the BI OS does not return a value for lt Alt 5 gt or lt Ctrl 5 gt on the numeric keypad In addition there are certain keys that have reserved values For example lt Ctrl C gt is usually used to signal a break to a running program Where possible all TI keys have been mapped to the most logical PC key The PC ALT key is used for the TI FCTN key In addition the PC numbered function keys have been directly mapped For example if you need a TI REDO FCTN 8 you can simply press the PC lt F 8 gt Note P C99 does not usethe F 11 gt and F 12 keys 6 7 1 Joystick keys If you do not have a PC joystick the TI joystick keys are mapped to J oystick 1 left Alt F 1 gt J oystick 1 right lt Alt F 2 gt J oystick 1 up lt Alt F 3 gt J oystick 1 down lt Alt F 4 gt J oystick 1 fire lt Alt F 5 gt J oystick 2 left lt Alt F 6 gt J oystick 2 right lt Alt F 7 gt J oystick 2 up lt Alt F 8 gt J oystick 2 down lt Alt F 9 gt J oystick 2 fire lt Alt F 10 gt An additional set of joystick mappings is provided for games for example Atari s Shamus in which the movement and fire CRU lines are read directly J oystick 1 left fire lt Ctrl F 1 gt J oystick 1 right fire lt Ctrl F 2 gt J oystick 1 up fire lt Ctrl F 3 gt J oystick 1 down fire lt Ctrl F 4 gt J oystic
3. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 17 Using PC99 utilities in batch files DOS defines a batch file as An unformatted text filethat contains one or more DOS commands and is assigned a BAT extension When you type the name of the batch program at the command prompt the commands are carried out as a group All of the PC99 utility programs are designed to be called from a batch file This can let you create your own utilities 8 17 1 Bulletin board files Example You frequently download files from bulletin boards and want to use them in PC99 The following is an example batch fileto do this It is called DL BAT The calling syntax is DL path to downloaded file gt TI dsk filename The batch fileis echo off echo BBS download to PC99 rem check for two arguments on command line if XX oe goto usage goto usage 1 2 oe rem save the current disks in dsk1 dsk2 dsk3 echo Saving dsk1 dsk2 dsk3 copy c pc99 dsk dsk1 c pc99 dsk dskl sav copy c pc99 dsk dsk2 c pc99 dsk dsk2 sav copy c pc99 dsk dsk3 c pc99 dsk dsk3 sav rem set up the disks to use archiver echo Setting up dsk1 dsk2 dsk3 copy c pc99 dsk pc99 dsk c pc99 dsk dsk1 copy c pc99 dsk fmt21 dsk c pc99 dsk dsk2 copy c pc99 dsk fmt21 dsk c pc99 dsk dsk3 rem use dlconv to convert the file echo Running dlconv c pc99 dskutil dlconv 1 c tmp junk 2 rem use dskin to import the file 188 PC99 Use
4. If you select 2 then RS232 1 will be mapped to PC COM2 RS232 1 port 2 Map to PC COM2 You can map RS232 2 RS232 3 and RS232 4 in a similar way 6 2 2 2 Select PC COM port hardware address f you select 2 the next menu is displayed RS232 1 port RS232 1 addr 1 Map to PC COMI 0x03F8 Industry Standard Association bus ISA COM1 0x03F8 COM2 0x02F8 COM3 0x03E8 COM4 0x02E8 MicroChannel Architecture MCA COM1 0x03F8 COM2 0x02F8 COM3 0x3220 COM4 COM5 0x4220 COM6 0x4228 COM7 0x5220 COM8 0x3228 0x5228 Ths PC returns MicroChannel NO New value hex The table shows the standard PC I O addresses for COM ports Most PCs were manufactured with ISA buses whilesomel BM PCs were manufactured with MCA CF G E XE tests your PC andreports whether itis MCA or not You should only usethel O addresses appropriate to your PC Attheprompt you can enter any I O address you need Notethat CF G E XE does not validatethis address PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 2 2 3 Select PC COM port hardware interrupt f you select 3 the next menu is displayed RS232 1 port RS232 1 addr RS232 1 irq 1 Map to PC COMI 0x03f8 4 Industry Standard Association bus ISA COM1 4 COM2 3 COM3 4 COM4 3 MicroChannel Architecture MCA COMI 4 COM2 3 COM3 3 COMA COM5 3 COM6 3 COM7 3 COM8 This PC returns MicroChannel NO New value dec Thetableshowsthestandard P C Interrup
5. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 Press Esc to exit editing 7 At the mini screen prompt Command c to continue Normal program execution continues 8 Press Esc 9 At the mini screen prompt Command li Enablea load interrupt to occur on the next instruction 10 The message Load interrupt enabled WP nnnn PC nnnn Enter to continue is displayed This retrieves the new WP and PC from gt FFFC and gt FFFE respectively The values should be WP gt A020 and PC gt A000 When using this command you should ensurethe WP and PC values are legitimate 11 Press Enter to return to the mini screen prompt 12 At the mini screen prompt Command s to single step The last TI instruction will complete 13 At the mini screen prompt Command s and see the PC and WP changeto the values above and the instruction NOP execute at gt A000 14 Notethat in memory window 3 Address gt A03A R13 This contains the saved WP The value is gt 83E0 the GPL workspace used by the E A 144 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Address gt A03C R14 Thiscontain the saved PC the addres of thelast instruction executed This will besomewherein the TI ROM gt 0000 gt 1F FF most likely in the keyboard scan routine Address gt A03E R15 This contains the saved Status Register 15 At the mini screen prompt Command s Command s to single step to the RTWP instruction 16 At the mini screen pro
6. 0x03f8 RS232 1 irq 4 RS232 2 port 0 Map to not used RS232 2 addr 0x02f8 RS232 2 irq 3 RS232 3 port 0 Map to not used RS232 3 addr 0x03e8 RS232 3 irq 4 RS232 4 port 0 Map to not used RS232 4 addr 0x02e8 RS232 4 irq 3 PIO 1 port 1 Map to PC LPT1 PIO 1 addr 0x0378 PIO 1 irq 7 PIO 2 port 0 Map to not used PIO 2 addr 0x0278 PIO 2 irq 5 This shows that when using P C99 any data sent totheT emulated RS232 1 port will besent totheP C s COM 1 port The PC s COM 1 port is at PC I O address Ox03f8 and uses PC IRQ 4 6 2 2 Change RS232 mapping The next menu is dis Change Change Change Change Change Change O01 Co h20 2S played RS232 1 RS232 2 RS232 3 RS232 4 PIO 1 PIO 2 If you select 1 the next menu is displayed RS232 1 po RS232 1 ad RS232 1 ir 1 Select 2 Select 3 Select rt 1 Map to PC COMI dr 0x03F8 a 4 PC PC P COM port to map TI RS232 1 to COM port hardware address COM port hardware interrupt You can now select the PC COM port address and interrupt to map RS232 1 to TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 2 2 1 Select PC COM port to map TI RS232 1 to If you select 1 the next menu is displayed RS232 1 port 1 Map to PC COMI 1 Map to PC COMI 2 Map to PC COM2 3 Map to PC COM3 4 Map to PC COMA 5 Map to PC COM5 6 Map to PC COMO 7 Map to PC COM7 8 Map to PC COM8 9 Map to not used
7. Enter Set CRU address e g 1000 1 on O off Set processor delay 1 0 no delay Set processor delay 2 0 no delay Set debug mode 0 4 0 2 for PC99A PC99L Set Myarc bank Sound off Sound on Speech quality 1 standard 2 enhanced Set RAM bank in cartridge space Sprite info Sprite attribute table Sprite colors Sprites draw Sprite intersector arrays Show status nstruction nstruction nstruction nstruction Set maximum H trace trace trace on trace off VDP interrupt counter on off HH H 125 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 1 Help print command list Prints a list of debugger commands T he commands available depend on the current debugger mode Example to seethe list of current commands 2 2 7 10 2 c Continue with the program Example You entered the debugger and want to return to the TI application 2g TheT application continues 7 10 3 C Auto continue without having to hit lt Enter gt Example You entered the debugger and want to return to the TI application C no lt Enter gt TheT application continues 7 10 4 cd Change disk file Example Change DSK2 which is currently using C PC99 DSK DSK2 to use the DOS file C P C99 DSK TIBASE DSK 2 CO 2 The screen is cleared and set to text mode and you are prompted with DOS filename for TI DSK2 You now enter c pc99 dsk tibase dsk Note DOS filenames are not case sensitive
8. You can enableup to 16 modules T o do this you should haveat least 1M b of extended memory available for PC99 to use When you change the module count you must ensurethat thereis a valid module in each slot A typical sequenceis Module count 1 New value 1 16 4 Module count 4 If you reducethe module count it is possible that you may have module information in higher slots that you no longer want TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Example You previously enabled 9 modules but now only want to use 4 Module count 9 New value 1 16 4 Module count 4 Set module slots 5 16 to not used Los Yes 2 No If you answer yes slots 5 16 will be set to not used If you answer no the contents of slots 5 16 will be retained 6 10 7 Print module list Thisallows you to print alist of modulenamesto a disk file A modulenameisan entry in theP C99 M OD filethat is contained in square brackets A typical display is Path for module file c NtmpN junk Note If thefile exists you will be given a chanceto overwrite or abort PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 10 8 Set up Super Space bank Thenext screen is displayed 1 Bank O0 2 Bank 1 3 Bank 2 4 Bank 3 5 Bank 4 6 Bank 5 7 Bank 6 8 Bank 7 9 Bank 8 10 Bank 9 11 Bank 10 12 Bank 11 13 Bank 12 14 Bank 13 15 Bank 14 16 Bank 15 f you select 1 Super Space 00 DISABLED 1 Enable 2 Disabl
9. gt pc99 dskutil dskfind load dsk s will show all matching files followed by Disks searched nn Files checked nnn Matches found nn Usually used with the m switch Displays whether the match was exact or partial Example gt cd pc99 dsk gt pc99 dskutil dskfind load telco dsk m t LOAD TELCO DSK exact match LOADPRINT TELCO DSK partial match Verbose mode Displays the program title the find string and the filename being processed Example gt cd pc99 dsk gt pc99 dskutil dskfind load telco dsk m v dskfind v1 1 30 aug 95 Searching for LOAD Processing TELCO DSK LOAD LOADPRINT Note Since you will usually use DSKFIND EXE in the PC99 DSK directory you might find it more convenient to copy the program there to save having to type the path each time Example gt copy c pc99 dskutil dskfind exe c pc99 dsk 161 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 7 Renaming a PC99 disk DSKNAME EXE Use DSKNAME EXE a program that lives in PC99 DSKUTIL to changethe TI name of a PC99 disk ThisnameistheTl disk name as displayed by theTI Disk Manager not thenameof thefilein DOS The syntax is dskname TI dsk file new TI disk name Example gt cd pc99 dskutil gt dskname dsk test dsk NEWTEST DSKNAME EXE will read theTI disk filetest dsk and rewrite it to the same name with the new TI disk name When test dsk is cataloged wi
10. F 1 gt to get context sensitive help On most screens You can press Esc to go back to the previous screen Screens that display information usually end with Press Enter to continue When you press Enter you are returned to the previous menu Themenu entry n Done will take you back to the previous screen T he value of n depends on thelength of the preceding menu All menu choices are stored in thefile CF G MNU All menu choices for selecting a Plato disk are stored in thefile CFGPLATO MNU The MNU files are ASCII files and must be in the same directory that CFG EXE isstartedfrom Whileit is possibleto changethe wording of aline you should not add or delete any lines from these files Many menus show the current selection by internal number and name For example Sound 0 No sound Notethat thenumber istheinternal valueused by CF G EXE and not the valueselected from the menu If you make changes to the P C99 configuration you must save the changes to disk before you quit CFG EXE The following sections will cover the use of each of the entries in the CF G EXE main menu TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 2 RS232 PC99 emulates the actions of the TMS9902 asynchronous communications controller chip and Device ServiceRoutine DSR in the8K ROM intheRS232 primary card TReRS232 primary card can beof type TI or Guion TheTI architecture also allowed an RS232 secondary card to be used TheTMS9902 can nominally
11. Terminology 2 6 1 Keystrokes PC keystrokes are shown as lt keyname gt For example lt Esc gt is the PC Escape key lt Tab gt isthePC Tab key lt Ctrl X gt is the PC lt Ctrl gt key and the X key pressed together and lt Shift Q gt is the PC Shift and the lt Q gt key pressed together These are distinguished from equivalent TI keys For example CTRL isthe TI CTRL key and FCTN is theTI FCTN key 2 6 2 Hexadecimal values When referring to hexadecimal hex 16 bit valuesin theTI world the TI convention of gt NNNN is used InthePC world theconvention OXNNNN is used Similarly 8 bit values are gt NN and OxNN respectively Example gt 2000 is 2000 hex or 8192 decimal Example OxFF is FF hex or 255 decimal 2 6 3 DOS commands When examples of DOS commands are given the use of the lt Enter gt key is assumed The DOS prompt is shown as gt Example gt cd pc99 This means that at the DOS prompt gt type the cd command change directory followed by pc99 and press Enter This will place you in the pc99 directory which lives immediately below the root directory Note Most PC users enablethe DOS PROMPT function so that the actual prompt includes the current directory Example CAP C99 Note DOS commands are case insensitive PC99 User Manual Stage 6 2 6 4 Disk Densities Thefollowingtableshowstherelationship between TI 5 25 diskettesin terms of disk sides density a
12. areset for 50 times a second In PC99thisinterrupt is simulated by accumulatingthetimevaluefor each TI instruction When the accumulated value reaches 1 60 sec P C99 sets its internal VDP interrupt flag This means that all events that depend on VDP timing will occur proportionally to the events on the 99 4A In real time the events in P C99 may occur faster or slower than a 4A depending on the speed of thePC But if you wereto generate a counter and set a sprite movingin TI Extended Basic then for any value of the counter the sprite will bein approximately the same position on the screen as on the 4A Thedefault valuefor theinterrupt count is 6500 TI instructions This valueis appropriatefor a PC with a 90M Hz Pentium processor If you increase the value it will take longer for a VDP interrupt to occur An application such as Multiplan which does not generate complex graphics will run faster with fewer VDP interrupts However if you dothis in an application such as Parsec you will find that sprites tend to undershoot their normal positions You need to find a default value that suits most of your applications Note For an unusual application you can also changetheinterrupt count dynamically from within P C99 using the debugger 6 5 2 4 Change delay value 1 Thenext screen is displayed A typical sequence is Delay value 1 0 No delay New value 0 999 5 Delay value 1 D Some TI applications especially games may become
13. but each pixel in a group of 8 horizontal pixels can only be one of two colors The diagram below shows how most debug modes represent the TI screen on the PC screen PC screen TI screen 4 pixels top overscan 64 TI screen 256w x 192h pixels used to display periph status in Debug Mode 1 and overlays in Debug TI screen 4 pixels bottom overscan Mode 2 Vertical PC screen 200h TheTI screen is 192 pixels high ThePC screen is 200 pixels high The8 pixels left over aresplit 4 and 4 and displayed at the top and bottom of the TI screen These pixels are used to show the same top and bottom overscan or background color as the TI screen 4 pixels top overscan 192 pixels TI screen 4 pixels bottom overscan PC screen 200h 115 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Horizontal TheT screen is 256 pixels wide The PC screen is 320 pixels wide T he 64 pixels left over are set totheright Thisareais blanked by default Debug Mode 1 uses this area to display information PC screen 320w 256 pixels TI screen 64 pixels blank default 7 3 1 Tl aspect ratio mode If you set the debug mode to TI aspect ratio the screen is displayed as follows using the default values PC screen 640w Y offset 48 pixels X H 64 offset TI screen 8 pixels top overscan pixels 64 pixels 112233 112233 each pixel replicated 4 times PG screen TI screen 512w x 384h 480h
14. f you select 3 Peripheral type 2 Myarc IMPORTANT If you select 1 None it is the equivalent of removing that card from the p Box WARNING You must change the peripheral ROM s to match the type In most cases it will be easier to use 7 Setup peripheral to change both the ROMs and the type simultaneously 6 9 4 1 Memory card f you select 6 the next menu is displayed 1 None 2 Texas Instruments 3 Myarc 4 CorComp Du AMS f you select 5 the message Peripheral type 5 AMS You need to select the number of AMS banks is displayed When you press Enter the next menu is displayed Banks 64 256K 1 AMS with 32 banks 128K 2 AMS with 64 banks 256K 3 AMS with 128 banks 512K 4 AMS with 256 banks 1024K If you select 3 you will havean AMS card with 512K of memory TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 9 5 Setup peripheral Thisis a combination of 2 Change peripheral ROMs and GROMs and 4 Change peripheral type Thenext menu is displayed Setup peripheral at CRU gt 1000 Setup peripheral at CRU gt 1100 Setup peripheral at CRU gt 1300 Setup peripheral at CRU gt 1500 Myarc 512K card Disk Controller card RS232 primary card RS232 secondary card BWwWN PB 6 9 5 1 Setup peripheral at CRU gt 1000 Myarc 512K card If you select 1 the next menu is displayed 1 Without XB II 2 With X
15. gt cfg x will display a usage message showing all the switches that can be used 6 18 1 Display console status c The switch is C or c At the DOS prompt if you type gt cfg c the current paths for the console ROM and GROMs will be displayed 108 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 18 2 Display disk paths d The switch is d or d At the DOS prompt if you type gt cfg d the current paths for DSK 1 DSK2 DSK 3 DSK 4 CS1 and CS2 will be displayed This display will also show you the values of the read write flags for each disk 6 18 3 Display joystick status j The switch is j or j At the DOS prompt if you type gt cfg j the current status of the joysticks will be displayed 6 18 4 Display keyboard status k The switch is k or k At the DOS prompt if you type gt cfg k the current status of the keyboard will be displayed 6 18 5 Display or change module m Theswitch is m or m This displays the name of the current module as stored in PC99 MOD and the files associated with it To change a module you must follow the switch with the module name You only need type as much of the module name that makes the name unique This causes CF G E XE to search the P C99 M OD file All names are converted to upper casefor the match Also note that the first name found will be accepted Example gt cfg m extended basic will change the module to E xtended Basic
16. gt 0000 The6K OPA SOB console GROM at 2000 The6K OPA SOB console GROM at gt 4000 The8K OPA SOB console ROM at gt 0000 A dummy module that loads gt 00 in all module ROM and GROM locations Mechatronic Extended Basicll Plus command module ROMs and GROMs The 8K TI disk controller ROM at CRU gt 1100 A dummy file representing an 8K ROM The 8K TI RS232 Primary ROM at CRU gt 1300 The 8K TI RS232 Secondary ROM at CRU gt 1500 The 8K Thermal Printer ROM at CRU gt 1800 P1BOORO ROM The 8K PC99 Peripheral ROM at CRU gt 1B00 P1F00GO GRM The 6K TI p Code GROM at gt 0000 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER P1F00G1 GRM The 6K TI p Code GROM at 2000 P1F00G2 GRM The 6K TI p Code GROM at 4000 P1F00G3 GRM The 6K TI p Code GROM at 6000 P1F00G4 GRM The 6K TI p Code GROM at 8000 P1F00G5 GRM The 6K TI p Code GROM at gt A000 P1F00G6 GRM The 6K TI p Code GROM at gt C000 P1F00G7 GRM The 6K TI p Code GROM at E000 P1FOORO ROM The8K TI p Code ROM at CRU gt 1F00 P1FOOR1 ROM The4K TI p CodeROM at CRU gt 1F00 P51E00RO ROM The 8K Myarc 512K card ROM which supports the use of Myarc Extended Basic Il P5200R0 ROM The 32K Speech Synthesizer ROM PG1100RO ROM The8K Guion disk controller ROM at CRU 1100 PG1100R1 ROM A dummy file representing an 8K ROM PG1300RO ROM The8K Guion RS232 Primary ROM at CRU 21300 PG1500RO ROM The8K Guion RS232 Secondary ROM at CRU gt 1500 PHM3026 GRM TI Extended Basic comma
17. or a combination of INTERNAL or DISPLAY and FIXED or VARIABLE For INTERNAL or DISPLAY files the record size follows P A Y Yes means the file has Disk Manager protection Followingtheentry isthefilefracturemap T hefirst valueisthesector number in hex T hesecond value isthenumber of sectorsin decimal T hefracturemap can contain a maximum of 78 entries If thefileonly has an FDR the entry will be No data sectors in file Some vendors use dummy files as part of copy protection 6 6 11 3 Disk Manager catalog files only This displays a list of the filenames on the disk in TI sorted order 6 6 11 4 p Code catalog If you catalog a p System disk with the Disk Manager it will contain a single file called PASCAL that occupies the entire disk This information is contained in sectors 0 1 and 2 When the disk is Z ero ed using the p System Filer the p System catalog is created If you have a p System disk you can catalog the p System files A typical display is p System disk name PAS5 p System file count 9 SYSTEM FILER 034 13 Mar 81 gt 00a gt 02b SYSTEM EDITOR 045 06 Nov 81 gt 02c gt 058 SYSTEM PASCAL 006 20 Oct 81 gt 059 gt 05e SYSTEM SYNTAX 014 12 Jan 82 gt 05f gt 06c SYSTEM COMPILER 099 27 Apr 82 gt 06d gt 0cf SCREENOPS CODE 012 02 Jun 81 gt 0d0 0db COMMANDIO CODE 008 02 Jun 81 gt 0dc gt 0e3 SYSTEM LIBRARY 034 06 May 82 gt 0e4 gt 105 SYSTEM CHARAC 002 14 Jan 82
18. 03 Car 02 05 b2 00 0 Le gt 03 Car 03 06 b2 00 0 tE 03 Type can be Mod ulator or Car rier Chan is the Sound Blaster channel number sometimes called Voice Slot is the Sound Blaster slot number sometimes called Operator Example Register 0x62 controls the Channel 3 modulator The register contains OxfO The bits in this register havethe following meaning Bits L7 E44 S Ip4413 1 2 T1 3 1 9 Attack rate Decay rate Note Registers in the range Oxa0 Oxc7 do not have a modulator and carrier component The three Car entries in these columns of thetable are not used 6 3 5 3 Change Sound Blaster register variables Thisisan interactive screen that allows you to change the register values that P C99 uses in the Sound Blaster Yamaha OPL chip You can experiment with the sound by playing a 3 channel chord a fixed frequency on channels 1 2 and 3 or a selected frequency on channel 1 If you changetheregister values and then savethe configuration P C99 will play sound usingtheregister values you have chosen A typical display is 0x20 0x40 0x60 0x80 Oxa0 0xb0 0Oxc0 0xeO Modulator ch 01 slot 01 b2 00 FO EG 41 22 01 03 ch 02 slot 02 b2 00 FO fc d7 22 01 03 ch 03 slot 03 b2 00 0 fe 60 23 01 03 Carrier ch 01 slot 01 b2 00 FO EG 03 ch 02 slot 02 b2 00 FO ES m ES 03 ch 03 slot 02 b2 00 FO fe 03 d7 do dd d4 d3 d2 dl do AM VIB E
19. 2 CF and gt F 8 at offset 0104 and gt 0105 T his means the base addr gt for this program is 2 CFF8 lt outfile gt is the name of the disassembled file ctl file isthecontrol file usually DIS CTL Thisisan ASCII file with a singlefour digit hex address or a four digit hex address pair per line This tells DIS EXE to treat these addresses as DATA For example if DIS CTL contains a000 a012 a020 a02f 165 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER T hefirst two lines A000 and A012 tell DIS EXE not to disassemble the contents of gt A000 and gt A012 but to label them as DATA The third line tells DIS EXE not to disassemble the contents of gt A020 through gt A02F but to label them as DATA Therange separator must be a hyphen After a first pass of DIS EXE you can start to deduce which areas of the program are DATA and not code You can then update DI S CTL and run DIS EXE again Note Each linein DIS CTL must contain a value or a range Usean ASCII editor to ensure there areno blank lines at the end of the DIS CTL file dataflag can be set with a 1 If dataflag is omitted or not set the default then DIS EXE applies the following rules in trying to determine DATA LIMI statements of the form LIMI 0 LIMI 1 and LIMI 2 These are the only values normally used in the4A world If any other valueisfound after the LIMI then DIS EXE assumestheLI MI word and the word following are DATA statements LWPI statements that have
20. 6 Bank address MBX only Typically each file consists of a base name followed by an incrementing digit PC99 understands this format and will load thesefilesintothecorrespondingemulatedT memory When PC99 finds the last file in the chain it will stop the load If you set Show Startup Info to YES with CFG EXE PC99 shows wherein memory each file was loaded its load address and its data length 8 14 2 Transferring GRAM files Create the GRAM files on the 99 4A following the instructions of your GRAM device manufacturer Use Read Sector and Write sector to transfer the disk containing the GRAM files to PC99 described above Extract the GRAM files from the PC99 disk to DOS using DSKOUT EXE described above OR Run a terminal emulator on both the 4A and the PC and transfer the files OR 178 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 UsePC Transfer to transfer the GRAM files to DOS Use GSTRIP EXE to strip off unwanted header bytes Use GREAD EXE to strip off unwanted trailer bytes Use PATCH EXE to patch any incorrect values in thefiles 8 14 3 Conversion example This example assumes you are converting the command moduleAlpiner PHM 3056 using PC Transfer CreatetheAlpiner GRAM files using your GRAM device In this examplethe basefile was named PHM3056 TheGRAM device created five files The table shows the filenames thefirst six bytes of the file the memory type to load into the data length and the memory starting
21. ASCII output of BAS2ASC E XE T heoptional a switch will dump all information T hisincludesthelinenumber tableand the bytes that make up each Basic line Example You havea TI Basic file called TEST B on aTI disk called TESTDISK DSK c cd pc99 dskutil dskout dskNtestdisk dsk test b tmp test out dskutil bas2asc tmp test out tmp test bas gt gt gt gt The file TMP TEST BAS is the ASCII version of the TI Basic program file TEST B 8 8 3 DV802ASC EXE Takes an extracted DIS VAR 80 fileand converts to ASCII Theoutput can beopened by an ASCII editor In addition many word processing programs such as WordPerfect can import ASCII files The syntax for DV802ASC EXE is dv802asc input file output file mode input file gt is the name of the file created by DSKOUT EXE output file gt is the ASCII output of DV802ASC EXE mode can be 0 4 mode 0 characters less than 0x20 and greater than Ox7f are not output Non ASCII characters aretherefore not output All characters output will bein the ASCII range 0x20 through Ox7f If no mode is specified then mode 0 is used mode 1 all characters are output Non ASCII characters are output as nn mode 2 characters less than 0x20 are not output Non ASCII characters are output as nn mode 3 characters greater than Ox7f are not output Non ASCII characters areoutput as nn 164 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 mode4 characters less than 0x20 ar
22. E A5 files that have been extracted by DSKOUT EXE and joined by EA5J OIN EXE and disassembles them A program that takes a DOS binary file containing a TI FILES header and converts it to a file This file can be stored in a TI disk using DSKIN EXE A program that checks the integrity of a TI disk A program that catalogs a TI disk from DOS A program that dumps the data of a TI disk to a DOS file A programthat finds a disk manager filename using a wildcard selection of disk files A program that takes a DOS file and stores it asa TI fileon a TI disk A program that merges P C Transfer files into a TI disk A program that renames a TI disk from DOS A program that extracts a TI filefrom a TI disk and stores it asa DOS binary file A program that extracts TI Forth screens from a TI Forth disk and stores them as a DOS ASCII file A program that extracts a file from a TI p System disk and stores it as a DOS file A program that takes a DI S VAR 80 file extracted by DSKOUT EXE and converts it to ASCII EA5J OIN EXE A program that loads successive E A5 files into an equivalent TI memory space and saves as a singlefile The E A5 files are extracted with DSKOUT Thesingle fileis used by DIS EXE EAC2ASC E XE A programthat takes an E A3 compressed for mat fileextracted by DSK OUT E XE and converts it to ASCII EAU 2ASC EXE IV2ASC E XE MRG2ASC EXE A program that takes an E A3 uncompressed format file extracte
23. Emulator Il Fast Term or Telco On your TI system load the same program with the same communication parameters baud rate parity and duplex You should be able to type on either system and seethe characters appear on the other system 203 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 11 9 Printer problems PC99 uses the BI OS interrupt 0x17 to drivethe printer attached to the PC LPTn port The printer must be a Tl compatible printer You must map theTI PIO port tothe PC LPT port which is attached to your printer You use CF G EXE to do this For example if your printer is attached to LPT2 the entry in RS232 PIO is 2 Totest the printer from DOS gt print Name of list device PRN LPIn Resident part of PRINT installed PRINT queue is empty gt print c config sys If you do not get the Resident message then you have already installed the print driver most likely in your AUTOEXEC BAT file Check the entry in AUTOEXEC BAT to see which port is being used by DOS Totest the printer from P C99 load TI Basic 100 REM LIST PIO P C99 has been tested with an Epson LQ 510 Star NX10 and Hewlett P ackard Laser et IV printer An emergency workaround would beto print thefileto disk For example TI Writer allows you to dothis Then usedskout to extract thefileand convert it using dv802asc Y ou couldthen useDOS PRINT toprint thefile or import the file into a PC application such as WordP erfect and use its printer
24. Mini screen and run PC99A or P C99L which does not support the Mini Screen Mode 0 will be used 6 5 2 2 Change show startup info Thenext screen is displayed A typical sequence is Show startup info NO New value 0 NO 1 YES PC99 uses DOS disk files to load appropriate areas of TI memory For example the file PC99 MODULES CON4ARO ROM representsthe8K consoleROM loaded at TI CPU memory addresses gt 0000 through gt 1F FF When Show startup info YES the name of each file loaded will be displayed together with its type starting address and length This can be useful for debugging P C99 problems When Show startup info YES thefirst display shows the read write state of the disks A typical display is DSK1 read write DSK2 read write DSK3 read write DSK4 read write Press Enter then for each file loaded a typical entry display is Loading TI Memory File NPC99NMMODULESNCONAARO ROM loadtype Oxff loadaddress 0x0000 datalength 0x2000 bytes Press Enter toloadthenext file Typically 15 files are loaded but this number could vary if you have enabled or disabled peripherals PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 5 2 3 Change VDP interrupt count Thenext screen is displayed A typical sequence is Interrupt count 6500 New value 100 65000 3200 Interrupt count 3200 TheVDP processor on the 99 4A generates a hardwareinterrupt 60 times a second Some export models
25. TI Forth disk and store them asa DOS file DSKOUTP EXE allows you to extract a filefroma TI p System disk and storeit as a DOS file NENNEN 7 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Thefollowing utilities are used on files extracted by DSKOUT EXE BAS2ASC E XE convertsTI Basicor Extended Basic programfilesinto ASCII Theconvertedfile can beloaded into PC Basic Not all TI Basic statements are valid in PC Basic BASF MT EXE converts extracted TI Basic or Extended Basic files and formats them to match a program listing on the 28 column TI screen DIS EXE disassembles singleE A5 files and E A5filesthat havebeen joined by EA5J OIN EXE DV802ASC E XE converts TI Display Variable 80 files into ASCII The converted file can be loaded into a PC word processor such as WordP erfect EA5J OIN EXE loads successive E A5 files into an equivalent TI memory space and saves as a single file The output file can be used by the P C99 disassembler DI S EXE EAC2ASC E XE converts E A3 compressed for mat files to ASCII Showsall tags by name theload offset and contents in hex and ASCII EAU2ASC EXE converts E A3 uncompressed format files to ASCII Shows all tags by name the load offset and contents in hex and ASCII IV2ASC E XE converts TI Extended Basic NT VAR 254 programfilesintoASCII Theconverted file can be loaded into PC Basic Not all TI Extended Basic statements are valid in PC Basic MRG2ASC EXE converts TI Basic or Ex
26. The default valueis 1500 If you increase the value the emulated CRU lines will stay set for longer You can see this by enabling Debug Mode 1 sdm 1 and watch the character on Row 3 stay there for longer before being erased 141 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER If you decrease the value the keyboard will appear more responsive but some applications e g Basic CALL KEY may miss the key press The range of values recommended for this variable is 1000 through 5000 Example To improve the keyboard responsein TI Logo ll k 4000 7 10 14 kboff Keyboard wheel off Example To turn off the keyboard wheel kboff 7 10 15 kbon Keyboard wheel on This is a one character field that will display the ASCII characters and in succession to the right and top of the TI screen This field is changed each time the keyboard CRU lines are scanned creating a spinning wheel Unless an application turns off the keyboard scan this is a fairly good indication that the application and P C99 is not hung Example To turn on the keyboard wheel kbon 7 10 16 Load interrupt This command will emulatethe L OAD function of the T MS9900 processor When active L OAD causes the TM S9900 to initiate an interrupt sequence immediately following the instruction being executed Memory location gt F FFC is used to obtain the vector WP and PC Theold PC WP and ST are loaded into the new workspace and the interrupt mask is set to 0000
27. The new disk is accessed If successful you can return to the debugger prompt If the file cannot be accessed the old disk stays active and a warning is issued 126 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 10 5 cf Continue for lt nums gt instructions and then stop Example You want P C99 to execute 200 decimal instructions and then break cf 200 Stopping on every multiple of 200 instructions 2 PC99 will execute 200 instructions and then break To continue without breaking v cofe0 Stopping on every multiple of 0 instructions Poo 7 10 6 dm Dump memory to file Allows you to dump selected sections of memory to a DOS disk file The syntax is C R Gn al a2 file FORCE where C CPU memory gt 0000 gt F FFF Gn GROM bank number 0 15 decimal R ROM bank 1 gt 6000 gt 7F FF TI bank switching al low address a2 high address file DOS filename to write FORCE force overwrite of DOS file Example Dump GROM bank 0 from gt 0000 gt 1F FF to disk If the file tmp junk exists then force the overwrite dm GO 0 1FFF tmp junk FORCE Example Dump CPU memory from gt 2000 gt 3F FF to disk dm C 2000 3FFF tmp lowmem 127 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 7 dv Dump video memory to screen Showsthecurrent stateof theT display T hescreen isfirst drawn without sprites Press any key to draw the sprites Press any key to return to the debugger Ex
28. This results in a DOS file size of 8448 bytes 8198 250 bytes If you use CF G EXE to check this file it will report a file size error The same problem occurs with the transferred 6K GROM files PHM30561 PHM 30562 If you were transferring an MBX file the same problem would occur with a 4K MBX file In addition CF G EXE will also check the6 bytefile header and ensurethat the data length bytes at offset 2 and 3 havethecorrect value For example CF G E XE will not allow the value of 0x2000 8192 bytes as a data length in a6K GROM file 6150 bytes since this instructs the loader to load 8192 bytes from a 6150 byte file Note MBX files actually have an 8 byte header The extra two bytes contain information about which MBX RAM bank to load Thefollowingtableshowsthefiletype thesizeof thefilecreated by PC Transfer thecorrect DOS file sizes for each type of file and the value of thetwo data length bytes in the 6 byte file header File type PC Transfer DOS size Data length 8K ROM GRAM 8448 bytes 8198 bytes 0x20 0x00 6K GROM 6400 bytes 6150 bytes 0x18 0x00 4K MBX 4352 bytes 4102 bytes 0x10 0x02 UseSTRIP BAT tofix thefilesizes This example assumes theinput files arein C TMP Edit the STRIP BAT file to contain the following five lines pc99 util gread tmp m3056 tmp g3056 8198 pc99 util gread tmp m30561 tmp g30561 6150 pc99 util gread tmp m30562 tmp g30562 6150 pc99 util gread tmp m30563 tmp g30563 6150 pc99 util gre
29. Workspace Pointer on to thetrace stack 137 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Example T race the values sent to the sound chip at address 78400 during the power up sequence First return to theTI title screen Press Esc to enter the debugger and then e to edit the mini screen Movethe mini screen cursor totheTraceSelect object Enter C and 8400 for the address E nabletheT race Select object and theT race object press Enter in thetitle of each object Press Esc to return to the debugger prompt Press lt c gt to continue Press lt Alt gt toreturn tothetitlescreen Thevalues sent totheTMS9919 sound chip will be displayed in theTrace object The display shows CPU8400w9f This means that at CPU gt 8400 a write took place The value written was gt 9F This action turns off sound generator 1 Example Tracethe GPL opcodes being executed First return to thetitle screen Press Esc to enter the debugger and then lt e gt to edit the mini screen Movethe mini screen cursor to the Trace Select object Enter L EnabletheTrace Select object and the Trace object press Enter in thetitle of each object Press Esc to return to the debugger prompt Press c to continue TheTrace object will fill with the GPL opcodes being executed while waiting for a key press 7 10 10 14 Sprites Patn Thisfield contains the base address of the sprite pattern table Attr Thisfield contains the base address of the sp
30. and speech data length len decimal 8 15 2 Displaying Speech Synthesizer codes SPCODE EXE The Speech Synthesizer ROM contains speech data in bit packed format This format is described in the TMS5200 data manual SPCODE E XE can unpack the speech data and display it to stdout Y ou can re direct this output to a disk file The syntax for SPCODE EXE is gt spcode infile hex offset lt infile gt isa file containing the TI Speech Synthesizer ROM hex offset is the value of the speech data pointer field for a word or phrase found using SPDUMP EXE This value can also be found in the Editor Assembler manual in Section 24 6 183 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Example To unpack the word HELLO at offset 2 351A 2 e gt cd pc99 util gt spcode pc99 modules p5200r0 rom 351a gt tmp junk Thefile tmp junk will show theenergy En repeat value R pitch Pt and coefficients K 1 through K 10 for each frame in the word 184 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 16 Displaying Tl Artist files ART EXE You can use DSKOUT EXE to extract T l Artist files from a TI disk to DOS You can then use ART EXE to display the extracted file The syntax is art a TI Artist filename no P or C Example Display the logo on theTI Artist disk in DOS Assume the T1 Artist disk is copied to DSK 1 c cd pc99 dskutil dskout pc99 dsk dsk1 logo c tmp logo_c dskout pc99 dsk dsk1 logo p tmp logo_p
31. and the current file for DSK 1 is PC99 DSK DSK 1 then you can use DOS to replace the file gt copy pc99 dsk games dsk pc99 dsk dsk1 The advantage of this method is that the copy is very quick The danger of this method is that all TI data in the original DSK 1 file is destroyed For many purposes this may beall right For example if thelast disk in drive 1 had only been read from and you have a copy of it then you will havelost nothing However if the disk in drive 1 has been written to and you want to preserve the data you should first copy that disk before overwriting it For example if you had a disk called MYPROG DSK gt copy pc99 dsk myprog dsk pc99 dsk dsk1 This destroys DSK 1 and replaces it with the contents of MYPROG DSK Assume now you wrote a Basic program and stored it on disk 1 and now wanted to have GAMES DSK in drive 1 gt copy pc99 dsk dsk1 pc99 dsk myprog dsk gt copy pc99 dsk games dsk pc99 dsk dsk1 This saves DSK 1 back to MYPROG DSK and then copies GAMES DSK to DSK 1 6 6 6 Copying disks Y ou can use either or both of the above two methods to change disks Since a disk is simply a DOS file you can copy it to any other drive or directory For example you can copy it to a floppy or Zip drive for offline storage When copying a file it can be given different name You can even copy the fileto another name in the PC9A DSK directory It is recommended that you use DSK as the DOS filename exte
32. bytes and the load address in CPU memory is gt 4000 The file to be loaded is PC99 MODULES P1100R0 ROM Path good means that the file can be accessed Size A ROM Ofile should be 8198 bytes good ROM 1 Thefile has a load type of gt 1C which means it loads into DCR 1 disk controller ROM T he data length is gt 1000 bytes and the load address in CPU memory is gt 4000 The file to beloadedis P C99 M ODU LE S P 1100R1 ROM Note This4K ROM areaisreservedfor disk controllers that have a bank switched ROM such as the Myarc Disk Controller It is not used by the TI or Guion disk controller Path good means that the file can be accessed Size A ROM 1 file bank switched should be 4102 bytes good 6 9 2 Change peripheral ROMs and GROMs Thenext menu is displayed Disk Controller card RS232 primary card RS232 secondary card Thermal Printer PC99 card Memory card p Code card Speech Synthesizer 00 10 01 5 O PO ES f you select 1 1 Change path for Disk Controller ROM 0 2 Change path for Disk Controller ROM 1 f you select 1 Current path PC99 MODULES P1100R0 ROM New path You should enter the DOS path to the Disk Controller ROM Ofile If either the path or thesizeof thefile is wrong the path will not be changed If you do change the ROM CFG EXE will warn TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER WARNING You must change the peripheral type to match the ROM In m
33. cable wiring will cross over pins2and3 TXD and RXD and pins 6 and 20 DSR and DTR T henull modem cable which can connect two PCs by their COM ports is an example of this A modemisclassified as DCE When aPC COM port is connected to a modem thecable wiringis straight through ThePC AT modem cable is an example of this Therefore when connecting the PC COM port to the TI RS232 port DTE to DCE a straight through or PC AT modem cableis required 117 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER The cable has the following pinouts TI IBM 1 1 2 2 3 3 6 20 7 7 20 6 7 5 Using serial ports to transfer Basic programs For this example assumethat P C99 has its RS232 1 port mapped to COM 1 and that you want to copy a program from a 4A to P C99 TI Basicand Extended Basic permit you to useOLD and SAVE toRS232 Tousethisfeatureconnect your PC COM1 port to theRS232 card on a TI 99 4A system using a cable wired straight through as above On the 4A OLD a Basic program from disk or cassette On the 4A do a SAVE RS232 On PC99 do an OLD RS232 Thenumber 255 will appear at thetop of both screens and will count down as the program istransferred In similar fashion you can SAVE a Basic program from P C99 to a 4A system You can speed up thetransfers by using higher baud rates but the rate must bethe same on both ends PC99 supports transfers up to 9600 baud To allow for differences in PCs a speed of 2400 baud is reco
34. cd pc99 util art a tmp logo V VV VV M ART EXE hasthefollowing switches a Requires both the C color and P pixel file The a switch only requires the base name no Por C Example gt art a tmp logo b Set background color to value following b Must be used with c ctells ART EXE toignorethe _C color file and only usethe P pixel file Example gt art b 14 c tmp logo skips the use of the_C color file and sets all background pixels to gray 14 Ic TellsART EXE toignorethe C color file Must beused with f foreground or b background If Set foreground color to valuefollowing f Must beused with c c tells ART EXE toignorethe C color fileand only usethe P pixel file Example gt art f 6 c tmp logo skipstheuseofthe C color file and sets all foreground pixels to dark red 6 185 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 186 Displays thefile and then prints it to disk as a PCX file This is a common PC fileformat used by many PC applications Example gt art a logo p tmp logo pcx Creates the P CX file tmp logo pcx from the TI Artist files tmpMogo c and tmp logo_p Used with a value to delay the time theTI Artist file is displayed on the screen This is useful when running ART EXE from a batch file and allows you to generate a slide show Example gt art a tmp logo r 2000 The value 2000 is counted through an internal loop that depends on the speed
35. continuefrom that valueuntil it reaches zero Then the valuein thetop field will beused for the next countdown 131 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 10 11 PC Instr The last n instructions executed displayed in disassembled format The disassembly includes the instruction name opcode and source or destination fields You can scroll this object using the Page U p gt or Page Down gt keys You can goto a numbered linein thescroll stack by enteringthelinenumber in thethree digit field next to the object label Your position in the stack is represented by a vertical bar to the left of the object If the mini screen cursor isin theobject you can use totogglethedisplay to show or hidethe hex value of the instruction You can use to resolve an indexed address 7 10 10 12 Mini screen breakpoints Upto 15 breakpoints can beset in CPU GROM or VDP memory Breakpoints can beabsoluteor contain wild cards Example Break when PC 02B2 is an absolute breakpoint This tells PC99 to break when the Program Counter equals gt 02B2 Example Break when V1 C is a wild card breakpoint This tells PC99 to break when the most significant nybble or VDP Register 1 gt C The contents of the least significant nybble can have any value When you place the mini screen cursor on an empty breakpoint field the following prompt is displayed Empty breakpoint Enter V VDP W Workspace G GROM C CPU or P PC 132 PC9
36. debugger screen is displayed Press lt Q gt upper case q to return to DOS N PC99 User Manual Stage 6 2 Introduction PC99isaDOS protected mode program that runs on a 386 or higher I BM PC or compatibleand emulates the Texas Instruments TI 99 4A Home Computer and selected peripherals 2 1 Features The table below lists TI 99 4A console and peripheral features and how they are emulated in P C99 TI 99 4A PC99 TMS9900 Fully emulated All 69 instructions and all corresponding addressing 16 bit processor modes are implemented TMS9918A Memory Fully emulated Up to 16K VDP memory can be addressed Video Display Processor Address wrap from gt 3F FF to gt 0000 is emulated Write only registers Fully emulated All eight registers can be addressed Display modes Fully emulated All four standard modes graphics bitmap text and multicolor are available n addition the undocumented half bitmap mode can be used Colors Fully emulated in PC VGA mode 19 with PC color monitor Any pixels that areon in a group of 8 may beone of 16 colors Any pixels that are off in the same group can be one of 16 colors Sprites Fully emulated U p to 32 sprites can be defined TMS9901 Programmable All of the features used on the 99 4A are fully emulated Systems I nterface TMS9919 Standard PC Partially emulated On the 99 4A the TMS9919 chip Sound Processor has three sound channels 1 2 and 3 and one noise channe
37. determinethe memory architecture Some architectures will perform well under somecircumstances and poorly under others PMINFO will show both the best and worst cases T hearchitectures detected are cache interleaved page mode or static column and direct Measurements are made using 32 bit accesses and reported asthenumber of megabytes per second that can betransferred T henumber of wait states is reported in parentheses T he wait states can be a fractional number like 0 5 if thereis a wait state on writes but not on reads Memory bandwidth i e how fast the CPU can access memory accounts for 6096to 7096 of the performancefor typical programs that arenot heavily dependent on floating point math A performance metric developed by T enberry Softwareis displayed showing the expected throughput for the computer relative to a standard 8MHz IBM PC AT disk accesses and floating point are excluded Finally thespeed with which thecomputer can switch between real and protected modeis displayed both as the maximum number of round trip switches that can occur per second and the time for a single round trip switch broken out into thereal to protected up and protected to real down components 198 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 11 2 Can t execute PC99 EXE You can alsotry a clean boot but you must load the equivalent of HI MEM SYS to give DOS4GW access to high memory In DOS 6 and later you can bypass the loading of all or part o
38. download ti dsk1 5 If you now start TI Basic or Extended Basic you can load the file from DSK 1 8 11 3 DLCONV EXE Takes a DOS binary file containing a TI FILES header and converts it for use with DSKIN EXE The syntax for DLCONV EXE is gt dlconv infile lt outfile gt TI filename lt infile gt is the DOS binary file usually downloaded from a bulletin board lt outfile gt is the output file created by DLCONV EXE TI filename istheTI filename you want the converted fileto havewhen it is cataloged on theT disk This filename must follow TI conventions and cannot be longer than 10 characters Example You have downloaded a file from a bulletin board called SONGS ARK that has a 128 byte TI FILES header which contains an archived file called SONGS Thefileis in TMP You will also need Barry Boone s Archiver program which is included on PC99 DSK 173 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER rp Save all current disks if necessary e cd pc99 dsk copy dskl mydiskl dsk copy dsk2 mydisk2 dsk copy dsk3 mydisk3 dsk V VV VM N Copy the PC99 disk containing Archiver to DSK 1 gt copy pc99 dsk dskl w Ensurethereis a blank disk in DSK2 and DSK3 gt copy fmt21 dsk dsk2 gt copy fmt21 dsk dsk3 A Convert the downloaded file gt pc99 dskutil dlconv NtmpNsongs ark tmp songs ti songs ui Run DSKIN EXE gt pc99 dskutil dskin tmp songs ti dsk2 o Start PC99 with the Editor
39. e Re Rex Eon RO EOnEGURO EGO Ue Oe in Ke Rte eee ROG Re RO Ee RU E 192 OT AELEEITOPROG eet cred tte ty wed wraps Sh rt see peser teg n Betten e Der Deu 192 9 8 RSECTOR RSECT O SECTLOAD X WSECTOR WSECT O ss 192 9 9 MMLOAD M MMSAVE M sssese RR hh 192 9 9 1 LoadinglargeTI Basic programs 00 00 cece cee eee 193 EHLUD qe ddp dum 194 10 P 99 patches sek Metin it Peete ee EN ERE ER pepigit 195 10 1 Console ROM 0 Speeding up the keyboard 0 0 cece eee 195 10 2 Console ROM 0 Bugin interrupt routine 0 0 e ee 195 10 3 Console GROM 0 Bugin REVIEW MODULE LIBRARY 02 00 00 196 10 4 RS232 card ROM Reducing timeout 0 2 ee 196 TI in Case OF difficulty utet tuU ee Sa A eed tu D wt 197 11 1 Can t execute PC99 EXE c ocoocccocccc mnn 197 TTL PMINEO EXE ta ete e t Re ee ignite a esee 197 11 2 Can t executePC99 EXE c ooocccccccc e m 199 11 3 Not enough memory to run PC99 occccccccc sse nnn 199 11 4 Cant open COMn ore Rr rre a endo erede a e e ee 203 IL5 CantopenJDSIEns eese A 203 11 6 Can t open filename sssseeeee heran 203 11 7 Error messages corrupt display sssssssseesese ssh 203 11 8 COM port problems ooocccccccccccc e mnn 203 11 9 Printer problerris ood petet EE pepper te up ddutns 204 11 10 Known problems ssssssssssssee eee m 204 I2 Limited Warranty o sesso er e
40. extender will identify itself with DOS 4GW Protected Mode Run Time Version n nn copyright c Rational Systems Inc 1990 94 You can suppress this header by setting an environment variable SET DOS4G quiet You can do this at the DOS prompt or in your AUTOEXEC BAT file PC99 User Manual Stage 6 3 Documentation The PC99 documentation set consists of PC99 User Manual this document pc99 doc pd99doc pdf in Acrobat format pc99 doc pc99doc txt in text format Can be read with an ASCII editor How to install configure and use all features of PC99 Mechatronic Extended Basicll Plus pc99 doc mechaxb pdf in Acrobat format How to use the Mechatronic Extended Basic 11 Plus command module features under P C99 Myarc 512K Memory Expansion Card pc99 doc myarc512 pdf in Acrobat format HowtousetheM yarc 512K Memory Expansion card under P C99 and theuseof the CALL PART instruction Myarc Disk Manager Leva IIl Supreme pc99 doc mydmdoc pdf in Acrobat format How touseM yarc s Disk Manager Level Supreme softwareunder P C99 ncludes screen snaps that werenot part of the original manual This software is supplied on pc99 dsk pc99 dsk and is invoked through E A 3 with DSK1 DM Myarc XB Basicll version 2 12 pc99 doc myxbdoc pdf in Acrobat format How to use M yarc E xtended Basicll version 2 12 PC99 must be configured with theM yarc 512K card and the XBII option to use this language Introduction
41. file for the 99 4A If any path or filesizeis wrong the path will not be changed 6 8 5 Configure 99 4 console ROM and GROMs Checking ROM PC99 MODULES CON4RO ROM Checking GROMO PC99 MODULES CON4G0 GRM Checking GROM1 PC99 MODULES CON4G1 GRM Checking GROM2 PC99 MODULES CON4G2 GRM Checking keyboard PC99 PC994 KEY Type 3 99 4 This changes the paths for the console ROM and GROMs as well as the keyboard file for the 99 4 If any path or file size is wrong the path will not be changed TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 8 6 Configure OPA SOB console ROM and GROMs Checking Checking Checking Checking Checking ROM GROMO GROM1 GROM2 PC99 MODULI PC99 MOD PC99 MOD PC99 MOD UL UL ESXCONOPARO ROM ESXCONOPAGO GRM ESNCONOPAGI GRM UL ESNCONOPAG2 GRM keyboard PC99 PC994A K EY E 4 OPA Type This changes the paths for the console ROM and GROMs as well as the keyboard file for the Oasis Pensive Abacutors Son of a Board ROMs and GROMs as well as the keyboard file for the 99 4A If any path or filesizeis wrong the path will not be changed 6 8 7 Configure CDC console ROM and GROMs Checking Checking Checking Checking Checking ROM GROMO GROM1 GROM2 PC99 MODULI PC99 MOD PC99 MOD PC99 MOD UL UL ESXCON4ARO ROM ESXCONCDCGO GRM ES CON4AG1 GRM UL ESNCONAAG2 GRM keyboard PC99 PC994
42. gt tmp junk srt VVVVNV NV o DSKDIR EXE will display all the filenames on a Plato disk This switch must be used with d f or n and will only work with a Plato disk Example 2g gt cd pc99 dsk gt dskutil dskdir phd52502 dsk d o p DSKDIR EXE will display p System files including size date block start and block end This flag should only be used on a p System disk which has been Z ero ed by the p System Filer Example gt Cc gt cd pc99 dsk gt dskutil dskdir dskl p Is DSKDIR EXE will display sector 0 information only Example gt OO gt cd pc99 dsk gt dskutil dskdir dskl s IN DSKDIR EXE will print its ID Note Y ou may wish to copy DSKDI R EXE tothe PC99 DSK directory This saves you having to type full pathnames when you catalog a disk 158 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 5 Dumping a PC99 disk DSKDUMP EXE UseDSKDUMP EXE a program that lives in PC99 DSK UTIL to dump thedatain an emulated disk file to a DOS file The syntax is dskdump TI dsk file DOS outfile start sector end sector start sector and end sector are decimal values in the range SSSD 0 359 DSSD 0 719 DSDD 0 1439 The DOS outfileis a combination hex and ASCII dump in numerical sector order Example gt cd Mpc99Ndskutil gt dskdump c pc99 dsk dsk1 c NtmpNdsk1 dmp 0 719 DSKDUMP EXE will read the emulated TI disk file DSK 1 and create a dump file DSK 1 DMP Sectors
43. gt cd Mpc99Ndskutil gt dskoutf pc99 dsk dsk1 tmp forth out 3 5 Example T o extract from FORTH DSK the TI Forth screens 20 through 22 and create the DOS file TMP FORTH OUT and print screen line numbers and screen numbers gt Oz gt cd Mpc99Ndskutil gt dskoutf pc99 dsk forth tmp forth out 20 22 3 169 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 10 Extracting p System files DSKOUTP EXE You can extract a file from an emulated p System disk and store it as a DOS file You use the DSKOUTP EXE program to do this DSKOUTP EXE needs to know the name of the TI emulated disk file the TI p System filenameto extract and the name of the DOS fileto create The syntax is dskoutp TI p System disk file p System filename DOS filename Example To extract from DSK2 the p System file MODRS232 TEXT and create the DOS file MODRS232 TXT C gt cd Mpc99Ndskutil gt dskoutp pc99 dsk dsk2 MODRS232 TEXT tmp modrs232 txt Thefileextracted by DSK OUTP isin TI p System format and usually has non ASCII codesin it You can convert the file to ASCII with the following conversion utility 8 10 1 PAS2ASC EXE Takes a file extracted by DSKOUTP EXE and converts to ASCII The syntax for PAS2ASC is gt pas2asc lt input file gt lt output file gt mode lt input file gt is the name of the file created by DSKOUTP E XE lt output file gt is the ASCII output of PAS2ASC EXE mode can be 0 3 mode 0 characters l
44. has a module count of 1 Extended Basicin slot 1 and not used in slots 2 16 If you lower the module count and retain the higher entries you may wish to set selected module slots to the P C99 default values To set a range of slots to not used 9 Set module slot range to not used A list showing the contents of all slots is displayed followed by the prompt Module slot range low high Ex 3 8 low gt 2 high lt 16 low lt high Enter therangein decimal digits separated by a comma T helow value must be gt 2 thehigh value must be lt 16 and the low value must be lt tothehigh value If any of these conditions are false the slots are not cleared 94 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 10 11 Enable multiple ROM banks Thenext screen is displayed Multiple ROMs enabled 1 ENABLED New value 0 Disable 1 Enable If you select 1 then multiple ROM banks are enabled This featureis an extension of theT 99 4A emulation Up to 16 ROM banks can be enabled for use with up to 16 ROM based modules T his featureis based on a similar featurein the HSGPL card developed by Michael Becker in Germany Because this was not part of the original TI design it can fail under certain circumstances E N w ROM only cartridges These include most of the Atari cartridges such as Moon Patrol The console power up routine is set to search GROM and will not find the header i
45. hear The frequency 880 is directed at TI sound channel 2 and is ignored by P C99 Because of this implementation programs that use music will generally be unsatisfactory Please note that this is a limitation of the PC hardware not a limitation of P C99 6 3 2 Sound Blaster The Sound Blaster is an add on PC card manufactured by Creative Labs The card uses a Yamaha OPL chip which generates complex sounds using frequency modulation FM synthesis TheFM synthesizer contains 18 slots also called operators T wo slots arerequiredfor oneF M channel Under software control the nine channels can be used in three different ways 1 nine channel FM sound 2 six channel FM sound and five percussion instruments and 3 speech synthesis P C99 uses the six channel mode P C99 plays the three TI sound channels through channels 1 3 of the Sound Blaster P C99 plays the TI noise channel through channels 7 9 of the Sound Blaster Creative Labs uses different versions of the Yamaha OPL chips on different Sound Blaster models P C99 sets all Sound Blasters to OPL2 mode T his mode permits mono not stereo sound reproduction 32 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 The maximum frequency that the Sound Blaster can reproduceis 16 383Hz This is a limitation of the Sound Blaster hardware not a limitation of P C99 You use CF G EXE to tell PC99 how you want the sound on your PC configured At the main menu select 2 Sound Thenext menu
46. lt Alt P gt to find the P revious occurrence of the search values in lower memory addresses f no matching values arefound the message Desired bytes not found Hit Enter to continue is displayed 7 10 10 19 AMS mapper If the AMS card isthe current memory peripheral then in any memory object you can placethe mini screen cursor on thelabel e g AMS or VDP and press lt gt This will shorten the memory object by two rows and display the AM S mapper object at the bottom of the memory object The mapper display contains the following fields C CRU gt 1E00 has been set enabling the AMS card C CRU gt 1E00 is reset M CRU gt 1E02 has been set enabling the AMS mapping registers m CRU gt 1E 02 is reset For each mapping register n 00 000 00000 n is the mapping register number 2 3 A B C D E F 00 the bank number being mapped in hex gt 00 F F 000 the bank number being mapped in decimal 000 255 00000 the base address of the mapped 4K chunk of memory 2 00000 1F 000 You can edit the bank number field in either hex or decimal and the appropriate memory address will be set 140 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 10 11 gploff GPL opcodes stop flagging fetches at PC 20078 Turns off flagging of GPL instructions Example gploff 7 10 12 gplon GPL opcodes start flagging fetches at PC 20078 Turns on flagging of GPL instructions TheGPL interpreter code begins at CPU 0070 The opcode for
47. potentially changethe quality of the synthesized sound When the sound isto your liking press Esc to exit this screen and then save the configuration before quitting CFG EXE The changed register values will be used by PC99 when it starts PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 3 5 4 Display Sound Blaster noise variables ToplayaTl noise PC99 uses register Oxbd of the Yamaha OPL chip Setting this register to 0x20 places the chip in Rhythm Mode The bits of this register are used to control AM and vibrato depth select rhythm mode and for on off control of rhythm instruments di 6 E 4 3 2 1 0 AM depth VIB depth Rhythm Bass Snare TomTom TopCym Hihat Example setting register Oxbd to 0x22 enables rhythm mode and turns the top cymbal on Slots 13 18 correspond to the rhythm sounds Y ou need to set the appropriate registers to create rhythm sounds that approximate the noises on the TI A typical display showing the 8 bit hex value of each rhythm mode register is Sound Blaster noise variables Type Chan Slot 0x20 0x40 0x60 0x80 0xa0 Oxb0 0Oxc0 0xe0 Mod 07 13 b2 00 0 lf 77 03 01 00 Mod 08 14 b2 00 0 38 00 00 00 00 Mod 09 IS b2 00 0 0 ec 00 00 01 Car 07 16 b2 00 0 1f Em zs 00 Car 08 17 b2 00 0 88 00 Car 09 18 b2 00 0 ff Ls n gt 00 Type can be Mod ulator or Car rier Chan is the Sound Blaster channel number sometimes called Voice Slot is the Sound Blaster slot number sometimes called Opera
48. prompt to enter the Mini Screen editor e You are now editing the mini screen Hit Esc to finish The flashing Mini Screen cursor will be displayed on the first object PC Program Counter You can move the cursor to any point on the screen by using the standard cursor keys You can use the lt Tab gt and Shift Tab gt keys to move to the first field in the next or previous object When in an object Home will take you to the beginning of the current field To toggle an object from dynamic update to no dynamic update or vice versa movethe cursor into the object and press Enter The object title changes from green to red or vice versa You can move the cursor to any editable field in an object and change the field value When you have finished editing the mini screen press E sc You arereturned to the Debugger prompt Press c to continue or s to single step Thefollowing sections describe each editable object on the Mini Screen 7 10 10 1 Instruction Counters The Total field contains the number of instructions executed since P C99 was started The Meter field contains the number of instructions executed since it was zeroed You can zerotheM eter field and then use it to count the number of instructions between selected events 7 10 10 2 Int Req Thisfieldissettoa 1 when a VDP interrupt is pending You can editthisfieldtosimulatea pending VDP interrupt or clear onethat is pending 129 TEX
49. the arrow keys to move the cursor to the variable you wish to change PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Press lt a gt to change all values in a column c to change the value pointed to by the cursor lt d gt to restore P C99 defaults lt m gt to change only the 3 modulator values lt n gt to change noise values in register Oxbd lt o gt to zero all display values lt p gt to play sound using the register values lt r gt to change only the 3 carrier values lt z gt to zap any sound reset the chip lt space gt to stop a sound lt home gt to set the cursor to top left end to set the cursor to bottom right lt page up gt to increment the current register value lt page dn gt to decrement the current register value lt arrows gt to move the cursor Example Using the default values press lt n gt to changethe value of register Oxbd The current register display is changed to show the bit values in register Oxbd New value 22 This enables rhythm mode and turns the top cymbal on The current value of register Oxbd is displayed at the end of the bit values line for the register the cursor is on Press lt p gt to play the rhythm sound Press space to stop the sound Each time you changea register you potentially changethe quality of therhythm sound When thesound is to your liking press lt Esc gt to exit this screen and then save the configuration before quitting CFG EX
50. the key is sent to COM 1 CFG EXE will receivean interrupt if thecharacter arrives at the port If so it will display the character on the screen Remember that although it seems obvious that pressing a lt G gt should display the lt G gt on the screen the actual process was read the keyboard takethe character and send it to COM 1 thebytetraverses the loopback get an interrupt from COM 1 read the character display it on the next screen position Note For this terminal emulation a backspace will movethe cursor one position to the left A carriage return will start a new line Note For tests 1 and 3 you may beableto substitute a modem for the loopback connector 104 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 15 4 Mouse driver test The screen will be placed in 320 x 200 mode and a graphics mouse cursor will be displayed You should be ableto move your mouse and seethe displayed x y values change Press Esc to return to the previous menu 105 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 16 Shell If you need to do something in DOS while you arerunning CF G EXE you can shell to DOS CFG EXE issues a terminate and stay resident call to DOS and then brings up the DOS prompt At the main menu select 15 Shell Thenext menu is displayed 1 Shell to DOS If you select 1 Secondary command processor loaded C NCOMMAND COM Type exit to return to CFG EXE Microsoft R Windows 95 C Copyright Microsoft C
51. the next GPL instruction is fetched at CPU 20078 If the Program Counter is at this address P C99 assumes this codeis fetching the next GPL opcode This opcode is decoded and will be displayed in the PC Instr object interspersed with the 9900 assembly instructions This allows you to see what 9900 instructions are being executed for a given GPL instruction Example You want to enable GPL opcode flagging gplon 7 10 13 k Set keystroke duration On the TI 99 4A a key press causes certain CRU linesto beset When the key is released the CRU lines are reset If an application does not respond quickly enough the key press is lost On thePC upto 16 key presses are stored in the BI OS keyboard buffer SinceP C99 retrieves a key press from this buffer the buffering would not mimic the actions of the 99 4A keyboard To overcome this P C99 retrieves the first key press from the BI OS keyboard buffer flushes the buffer and holds the retrieved key as valid for a time estimated to correspond with the key action on the 4A P C99 ages the key keeps the emulated CRU lines set by counting down a key age variable When it reaches zero the CRU lines arereset and the next key press is retrieved from the BIOS keyboard buffer In practice a user should not notice any of this However key presses in some applications e g Logo I can be lost because of too rapid aging You can improve such an application by changing the K eystroke Duration value
52. this example PC joystick 1 is being used as TI joystick 1 40 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 4 2 Change joystick mapping Thenext menu is displayed 1 Change TI Joystick 1 mapping 2 Change TI Joystick 2 mapping If you select 1 the next menu is displayed Joystick 1 0 Map to not used 1 Map to PC joystick port 1 2 Map to PC joystick port 2 3 Map to not used If you select 1 then TI joystick 1 will be mapped to PC joystick 1 Note A Map to not used entry for a joystick will enable the PC keyboard ALT keys to emulate the TI joystick See the keyboard section A mapped joystick must be calibrated CF G EXE will issue the warning Calibration values for Joystick 1 need to be set PC joysticks generally need to be calibrated before they can be used by an application such as P C99 Typically an application asks for the joystick to be moved to the top left position and then to the bottom right position The values returned by the joystick are then used by the application With CF G EXE you normally need only calibrate your joystick once T hecalibration values arestored in PC99 CFG Note If you change a joystick or alter the slide potentiometers on thejoystick you will haveto calibrate the joystick again When you press Enter the following screen is displayed 1 Read new calibration values from joystick 2 Use old calibration values 3 Display old calibration values TE
53. to the p System pc99 doc pasdoc pdf in Acrobat format pc99 doc pasdoc txt in text format Can be read with an ASCII editor An introduction to using the UCSD p System under PC99 The p Code peripheral must be enabled to usethe p System TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 4 Supplied software The software supplied in your P C99 package can be divided into five categories 1 Installation INSTALL1 EXE INSTALL2 EXE INSTALL 3 EXE 2 Configuration CFG EXE 3 99 4A Emulator PC99 EXE PC99A EXE PC99L EXE 4 Utilities About 30 separate programs 5 PC99 DSK Utilities TI utility programs Installing P C99 is usually a one shot process P C99 is supplied on three diskettes each with their own install program Once you have run INSTALL1 EXE INSTALL2 EXE and INSTALL3 EXE and completed the installation there is usually no need to run the install programs again After installation you should configure P C99 to match your PC hardware and your preferences Y ou do this by running CFG EXE After that you only need to run CFG EXE when you want to change your P C99 configuration for example if you need to change a command module switch a peripheral or enablethespeech synthesizer For everyday use you will run PC99 EXE Occasionally you will need to run one of the many supplied utilities Thefollowing sections of this document cover the five categories above in the order shown PC99 User Manual Stage 6 5 Installatio
54. 109 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Example gt cfg m TOM will change the module to Tombstone City Note that this would fail if there was a module called Tomahawk and it was ahead of Tombstone City in PC99 MOD Example gt cfg m addition AND sub will change the module to Addition and Subtraction 1 If you want Addition and Subtraction 2 you will haveto typethewholename In this case you may wish to shorten thenamein PC99 MOD For example you could name the modules addsub1 and addsub2 Note This switch can only be used to change the module in slot 1 6 18 6 Display or change peripheral p The switch is p or p This displays the type of each peripheral A typical display is 1 Disk Controller Type 2 Myarc 2 RS232 primary card Type 1 Texas Instruments 3 RS232 secondary card Type 0 None 4 Thermal Printer Type 0 None ov PC9I9 card Type 0 None 6 Memory card Type 5 AMS 7 p Code card Type 0 None 8 Speech Synthesizer Typ 1 Texas Instruments Tochangethetypeof a peripheral you must follow the switch with the peripheral number 1 8 andthe peripheral type 0 5 The peripheral number is the order above The allowable types are none Tals Myarc CorComp not supported PC99 for PC99 card AMS Guion OO Co P20mPc ow gm ow m dw E 110 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 All allowable types are also shown in the CF G EXE usage me
55. 4 31 PROGRAM Y gt 085 030 010 00a ASSM1 33 PROGRAM gt 0a3 032 011 gt 00b ASSM2 20 PROGRAM gt 0c3 019 012 gt 019 DISKAID 1 2 PROGRAM gt 1db 001 013 01a DISKAID 2 33 PROGRAM 1dc 032 014 01b DISKAID 3 20 PROGRAM gt 1fc 019 015 01c DISKASSM 1 2 PROGRAM gt 20f 001 016 01d DISKASSM 2 2 PROGRAM 2210 001 017 01e DISKASSM 3 2 PROGRAM 2211 001 018 01f DISKASSM 4 33 PROGRAM 2212 032 019 gt 020 DISKASSM 5 18 PROGRAM 2232 017 020 gt 00c EDIT1 25 PROGRAM gt 0d6 024 021 00d EDITA1 33 PROGRAM gt 0ee 032 022 00e EDITA2 6 PROGRAM gt 10e 005 Press Enter to continue 023 00f ENHPT1 9 PROGRAM Y 113 008 024 gt 010 ENHPT2 33 PROGRAM Y 11b 032 025 011 ENHPT3 27 PROGRAM Y 13b 026 026 gt 012 EXTDSR 5 DIS FIX 80 Y gt 155 004 027 gt 013 FORMA1 33 PROGRAM 2159 032 028 gt 014 FORMA2 15 PROGRAM 2179 014 029 gt 1c1 IDENTIFILE 33 PROGRAM gt 27 032 030 19a IDENTIFILE 22 PROGRAM gt 2a0 021 031 015 JOYST 5 DIS FIX 80 Y gt 187 004 032 1c5 LINES O 14 DIS FIX 80 2271 013 033 gt 021 LINES S 46 DIS VAR 80 2243 045 034 gt 016 LOGO C 25 PROGRAM Y 18b 024 035 017 LOGO P 25 PROGRAM Y 1a3 024 No The sequential number of thefile on the disk FDR Thesector number of theFile Descriptor Record in hex PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Filename The filename up to 10 characters Any non ASCII characters are replaced by a period Size The number of sectors the file occupies in decimal Type Files can be PROGRAM
56. 4 608 bytes are user data A P C99 DSDD disk filetherefore requires 2 x 40 x 6872 549 760 bytes This is the size of the DOS file containing the P C99 emulated disk The Myarc disk controller F DC can handle up to four drives To emulate these three drives you need space on your PC hard drivefor four 549 760 bytefiles The default names of thesefiles are DSK 1 DSK 2 DSK 3 and DSK4 T hesenames areset using CF G E XE T hefiles usually livein the PC99 DSK directory You select the controller you wish to usethrough theP eripherals menu With either controller thereare two ways you can work with your disk files 6 6 4 Using CFG EXE to change disks If you havea TI disk file called PC99 DSK GAMES DSK and you want that disk in emulated drive 1 then you can run CF G EXE andintheDiskssection enter thepath for DSK 1as P C99 DSK GAMES DSK When you have finished using the disk you run CFG EXE again and tell it the path of another file to become DSK 1 This method exactly parallels using a floppy on the 99 4A While the entry for DSK1 is pointing to GAMES DSK any reads or writes to DSK 1 will be made using the GAMES DSK file PC99 User Manual Stage 6 The disadvantage of this method is that it is a little cumbersome to run CFG EXE and typein the new path each time you change a disk 6 6 5 Using DOS COPY to change disks If you havea TI disk file called PC99 DSK GAMES DSK and you want that disk in emulated drive 1
57. 9 User Manual Stage 6 If you enter V the following message is displayed V Enter Register M Memory S Status Alt D delete Display VDP R Enter a digit 0 7 following theR to select a VDP register followed by a 2 digit hex valuefor thecontents of theregister P C99 will break when theselected VDP register is set to the value Example VDP R1 C0 breaks when VDP R1 CO Example VDP R1 C breaks when the most significant nybble of VDP R1 gt C Display VDP Enter a 4 digit VDP hex address gt 0000 gt 3F FF followed by a two digit hex value for the contents of the address P C99 will break when the VDP address contains the value Example VDP 0380 1F breaks when VDP address gt 0380 gt 1F Example VDP 038 1F breaks when any VDP address in the range gt 0380 gt 038F gt 1F Display VDP STAT Enter a 2 digit hex value for the VDP Status Register P C99 will break when the VDP Status Register contains the value Example VDP STAT 04 breaks when the VDP Status Register gt 04 133 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER If you enter W the following message is displayed W Enter Register S Workspace Pointer Alt D delete Display WS R Enter a 2 digit decimal value 0 15 to select the Workspace Register followed by a 4 digit hex valuefor the contents of the register PC99 will break when the WS register contains the value Ex
58. 99 M OD when you acquire new modules An editableASCII filethat contains your list of modules CF G E XE reads this file PC99 User Manual Stage 6 PC994A K EY F PC99A EXE L PC99L EXE PC99 DOC MECHAXB PDF MYARC512 P DF MYDMDOC P DF MY XBDOC P DF PASDOC P DF 7 PASDOC TXT T Keyboard file for emulating a 99 4A P C99 E XE reads this file The 99 4A emulator program accelerated version The 99 4A emulator program light version Mechatronic Extended Basicll Plus command moduledocumentation in Adobe Acrobat pdf format Myarc s 512K Memory Expansion card documentation in Adobe Acrobat pdf format Myarc s Disk Manager Level Ill Supreme documentation in Adobe Acrobat pdf format Myarc Extended Basic I version 2 12 documentation in Adobe Acrobat pdf format An introduction tousingthep Systemunder P C99 in AdobeAcrobat pdf format An introduction to using the p System under P C99 in ASCII format PC99DOC P DF P C99 documentation in Adobe Acrobat pdf format PC99DOC T XT P C99 documentation in ASCII format Can be read with DOS s EDIT README TXT An ASCII filethat explains how to get to the PC99 documentation P C99 DSK CS1 CS2 DSK1 DSK2 DSK3 DSK4 FMT21 DSK FMT22 DSK MECHAXB DSK PC99 DSK F PFMT21 DSK F PFMT22 DSK PC9ADSKUTIL ASC2DV80 E XE A dummy file representing a TI cassette A dummy file representing a TI cassette A copy of FMT21 DSK A copy of
59. 99 User Manual Stage 6 Table of Contents QUICK start Leu tie ppt waz o MU RP CE oad p E EE 1 LL Installation ci eee ee e RI RR ER ERR E ERE ERE E ERE XR Em ER eee E eed 1 1872 9o sTITo PL gs 1o aO 2 1 3 99 AA emulator ceci tede e ice ape eg eee ar ei and egi 2 2 Introduction cs RR x ER Paes ERE an ERN Go Ac Ee a EUR EC RUE EUR KO Re Kn oe EORR 3 A A a a e e a A E a a EA E A A E a a a A A 3 2 2 Additional feat res unnng a Beeb di ae a aa a eere ue ex ely 6 2 2 1 PC99 deb gger eme o xc pedet E g O E e FE ewe 6 2 2 2 PC99 utilities ooooooccocconcr eR m n 7 2 2 3 PC99 disk utilities tee 7 2 3 Features available by product 0 0 0 0 cece nh 10 2 4 Hardware requirements 0 00 cette hn 11 2 5 Software requirements ocooocccc men 11 2 6 T rminology eee p rre e eee eet taeda ea ar soe eae 12 ZO LESS Mm 12 2 6 2 Hexadecimal values ooooccoccccccor ns 12 2 6 3 DOS commands c ccocccccc s hne 12 2 64 Disk DENSITIES oed get Ere n te one Peek Ben Ret on 13 265FastPG stanie nadaa e a 13 20O ASCI ETOT Lern det or uttter ote dtd t ions AAE tS 13 2 6 7 Protected Mode 2 e 13 3 Documentatii oh eene epprepupsenm up nuper eigene teases sles rece arden ease Dg EUG 15 4 Supplied software ooooccocccc hh hn 16 5 Installation a euet eee eae t e tre vee etre Pane ope cles Ue di Uu tre aec oper eds 17 cM eis ondg E PED PEE EE EE 18 o Gonflgurat
60. A K EY E zo CDC Type Thischangesthepaths for theconsoleROM and GROMs as well as thekeyboard filefor theControl Data Corporation CDC ROMs and GROMs as well as the keyboard file for the 99 4A The CDC console was the same as the 99 4A console except for GROM 0 If any path or file size is wrong the path will not be changed PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 9 Peripherals TI peripherals such as the disk controller and RS232 card usually contain an 8K ROM This ROM is paged into the address space gt 4000 gt 5F FF by CRU commands The ROM contains at an absolute minimum a DSR for applications to communicate with the peripheral PC99 provides for the following peripherals Disk Controller card TI 8K ROM CRU gt 1100 Guion 8K ROM CRU gt 1100 Myarc 8K bank switched ROM and a 4K ROM CRU gt 1100 RS232 primary and secondary cards TI 8K ROM CRU gt 1300 primary gt 1500 secondary Guion 8K ROM CRU gt 1300 primary gt 1500 secondary Thermal Printer TI 8K ROM CRU 1800 PC99 card PC99 8K ROM CRU gt 1B00 Memory card TI NoROM NoCRU Myarc 8K ROM CRU 1000 AMS No ROM CRU gt 1E00 p Code card TI 8K bank switched ROM a 4K ROM and eight 6K GROMs On power up the p Code card takes control and boots the p System CRU gt 1F 00 Speech Synthesizer TI 32K ROM NoCRU You useCFG E XE totell PC99 which DOS files contain the ROMs if any in theseperipherals and which
61. AS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 10 3 PC The program counter P C containsthe CPU memory address of thenext instruction to be executed T he program counter should always be set to an even address 7 10 10 4 WS Contains the address of the CPU Workspace Pointer 7 10 10 5 Status Register This object represents the CPU Status Register Hex This four digit field is a 16 bit representation of the Status Register LAECOP X Thesefields arethe most significant bits of theStatus Register Thebits are Logical greater than Arithmetic greater than Equal Carry Odd parity and Extended operation Mask This field is theinterrupt mask contained in the four least significant bits of the Status Register 7 10 10 6 Workspace Registers The contents of the 16 workspace registers pointed to by the Workspace Pointer 7 10 10 7 VDP Registers The contents of the 8 VDP registers These registers are described in the E A manual page 326 7 10 10 8 VDP Info Contains VDP information Disp Shows the status of the display ON OFF Mode Shows the VDP mode GRAFX TEXT MULTI BIT Patn Shows the base address of the Pattern Descriptor T able hex 130 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Scrn Shows the base address of the Screen mage T able hex Colr Shows the base address of the Color T able hex Thesefields are display only To change them you need to set values in the VDP registers Example The disp
62. Assembler From E A5 load DSK 1 ARC33 1 Set the input drive to 2 and the output drive to 3 All files will be extracted from the downloaded archive to DSK 3 M Exit PC99 and save DSK 3 gt cd pc99 dsk gt copy dsk3 dosname dsk where dosname is any name you want up to 8 characters e g DNLOAD8 DSK 8 11 4 VF2PC99 EXE Takes a single v9t9 filein a directory and converts it to PC99 format The syntax is vf2pc99 file in a directory PC99 dskin file cnt A v9t9 filein a directory contains a 128 byte header VF 2PC99 E XE uses thefirst 17 bytes of the header to construct a standard 256 byteT F DR In somecases thereis non standard information in theheader or morethan 17 bytes arerequired Y ou can adjust the number of bytes used fromtheheader with cnt This value can be from 17 to 128 174 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Example You want 19 bytes of the v9t9 header to appear in the FDR gt Npc99NdskutilNvf2pc99 tmp vfile tmp pc99 in 19 8 11 5 VD2PC99 EXE Takes a v9t9 disk on a disk and converts it to PC99 format The syntax is gt vd2pc99 disk on a disk lt PC99 dsk file gt 1 verbose A v9t9 disk on a disk is a 92 160 byte file representing 360 sectors on a TI SSSD disk Each sector contains 256 bytes VD2P C99 E XE uses this data to reconstruct a P C99 dsk file A PC99 dsk file contains thesector datain interlaced sector format as well as inter sector information used by low
63. B II use 128K OS If you select 2 you will be able to load Myarc Extended Basic ll from disk when you start P C99 6 9 5 2 Setup peripheral at CRU gt 1100 Disk Controller card The next menu is displayed Disk Controller Typ 1 Texas Instruments 1 Texas Instruments 2 Myarc 3 CorComp 4 Guion If you select 2 the Myarc disk controller ROMs will be loaded and the peripheral type will be set to Myarc Thisisthe quickest way within CFG EXE to change disk controllers TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 10 Module TI modules contain one or more 8K ROM chips and or one or more 6K GROM chips When you dump a cartridge with a GRAM device such as the Gramulator a separate file is made for each chip in the cartridge In addition the GRAM device adds a 6 byte header to each file PC99 uses the identical fileformat To change a command module you use CF G EXE to tell PC99 which DOS files to load These DOS files are byte for byte copies of TI files dumped with a GRAM device CFG EXE readsthefileP C99 M OD to find out which command modules you have T heformat of this file is module 1 name module 1 filename module 1 filenamel module 2 name module 2 filename module 2 filenamel module 2 filename2 module 2 filename3 module 3 name module 3 filename module 4 name module 4 filename module 4 filenamel me PC99 MOD isan ASCII file that you can edit with an ASCII editor You only need to edi
64. Basic 100 CALL CLEAR 110 OPEN 1 CLOCK 120 INPUT 1 A B CS 130 PRINT A B C 140 CLOSE 1 A contains the string representation of the day of the week 0 6 Mo Su B contains the string representation of the year mm dd yy C contains the string representation of the hour hh mmyss This format matches the one used by the CorComp Triple T ech card Note that the INPUT statement must always contain 3 string variables PC99 treats the addresses gt 5F F 0 gt 5F FF in theP C99 DSR spaceas clock registers When a call to the clock is made P C99 will read the DOS date and time and encode it into these addresses The DSR will access these registers and return the values to the calling program The calling program thus gets the PC time and date The DSR supports OPEN INPUT PRINT and CLOSE Notethat although PRINT is supported the values are not used to changetheP C time of day clock T o dothis you should usethe DOS utilities DATE and TIME or the Windows Control Panel 119 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 8 Mechatronic Extended Basic Il Plus CaDD Electronics has negotiated an arrangement with M echatronic Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH amp Co Germany that allows us to distribute the M echatronic Extended Basic 11 Plus command modulein PC99format T his modulecontains many useful extensionstoT Extended Basic includingthecapability to use high resolution bitmap graphics T he distribution packa
65. C99 thefiles PFMT21 DSK and PFMT22 DSK arestored in PC99 DSK These files represent blank formatted TI DSSD and DSDD floppy disksthat have been Z ero edfor usewith the p System Y ou may copy the appropriate fileto DSK1 DSK2 or DSK3 to start a new p System disk You could also format aT disk by using a program such as Disk Manager 2 or DM 1000 Y ou could also use DFORMAT from within the p System Note If you useeither DFORMAT or Z ero thenumber of p System blocks is 360 for the DSSD emulated disk and 720 for the DSDD emulated disk You could then run the F Jiler and Z ero the disk However it is much quicker to copy PFMT21 DSK or PFMT22 DSK in DOS If you doformat an emulated disk andthen Z eroit notethat you cannot hurt the DOS filesystem P C99 only reads from or writes to the named disk files in P C99 CF G E ven a format and a Z ero is just a series of reads and writes into these files IMPORTANT Youmust copy your DSK 1 DSK2 or DSK3filetoanother DOS filenamebeforeformatting or Z ero ing if you don t want to losethe data on the disk TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 6 17 TI or Guion vs Myarc disk controller PC99 allows for the following combinations 1 N w A ui eo A disk written to by theTI or Guion controller will havea size of 260 240 bytes This disk can be SSSD or DSSD This disk can be read and written by the Myarc controller A disk written to by the M yarc controller can havea size of 260 240
66. E The changed register values will be used by PC99 when it starts TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 4 Joysticks TheTI hardware supports up to two digital joysticks each of which can have one fire button ThePC hardware supports up to two analog joysticks each of which can havetwo fire buttons PC99 reads the PC joysticks and translates any movement within one eighth of full calibration as true For example if your PC joystick calibrated a full left to right movement as 800 units a full left would be 0 zero units anda full right would be800 units The center position would be 400 units If you movethe PC joystick to the left any value less than 800 8 100 units a reading of O through 100 is considered to bea TI joystick left Similarly for all other directions Any PC joystick button is considered to bea TI fire button You use CFG EXE totell PC99 how you want the joysticks on your PC configured At the main menu select 3 Joysticks The next menu is displayed Display joystick mapping Change joystick mapping Display joystick port Change joystick port Test joystick Na NR 6 4 1 Display joystick mapping A typical display is Joystick 1 1 Map to PC joystick port 1 Top value 102 Left value 105 Bottom value 714 Right value 735 Hardware status attached Joystick 2 0 Map to not used Top value zo Left value 0 Bottom value 0 Right value 0 x Hardware status not attached In
67. E e eda x ES Ex ES EX EX ER EER 79 6 9 1 Display peripheral ROMs and GROMs 0c cece eee teens 80 6 9 2 Change peripheral ROMs and GROMs cece eee eee eene 81 6 9 3 Display peripheral type o ocooocccccccccocn eh 82 6 9 4 Change peripheral type ussssssssssesese eh 82 6 9 4 1 Memory card sssssssssssesses es 83 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 9 5 Setup peripheral 2 ce es 85 6 9 5 1 Setup peripheral at CRU gt 1000 Myarc 512K card 85 6 9 5 2 Setup peripheral at CRU gt 1100 Disk Controller card 85 6 107 Module 44 ires ree eee ache aden ain pore peer dha va den Sede ain eee id 86 6 10 1 Display loaded module NAMES 1 ee 87 6 10 1 1 Limitations of REVIEW MODULE LIBRARY feature 88 6 10 1 2 Applications that do not read the GROM baseaddress 88 6 10 2 Display loaded module files 0 0 0 cece eee eee 89 6 10 3 Change module 2 ete ene 89 6 10 3 1 Dummy module 0 0 0 tee eee 90 6 10 4 Check all modules screen report 6 cee eee teen ene 90 6 10 5 Check all modules disk report 0 ccc eee nee e ees 91 6 10 6 Change module count oocccoccoccc esee 91 6 10 7 Print modulelist 2 0 0 ccc ccc eect eee ene e nee eens 92 6 10 8 Set up Super Space DANK 6 cee een nnn 93 6 10 9 Display Super Space bank status 0 cece eee n eens 94 6 10 10 Set module slot
68. ESNCONAARO ROM Path good Size 8198 bytes good New path You should enter the DOS path to the TI console ROM file If either the path or the size of the file is wrong the path will not be changed f you select 5 Type 1 99 4A 1 99 4A 2 99 4A v2 2 3 99 4 4 OPA 2v CDC 6 User You can changethe consoletypeto match the ROM GROMs you have changed If you select a standard type 99 4A 99 4A v2 2 99 4 OPA or CDC you should match the type to the correct ROM GROMS If you are using your own ROM GROMs you should set the type to user PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 8 3 Configure 99 4A console ROM and GROMs A typical display is Checking ROM PC99 MODULES CON4ARO ROM Checking GROMO PC99 MODULES CON4AGO GRM Checking GROM1 PC99 MODULES CON4AG1 GRM Checking GROM2 PC99 MODULES CON4AG2 GRM Checking keyboard PC99 PC994A KEY Type 1 99 4A This changes the paths for the console ROM and GROMs as well as the keyboard file for the 99 4A If any path or filesizeis wrong the path will not be changed 6 8 4 Configure 99 4A v2 2 console ROM and GROMs A typical display is Checking ROM PC99 MODULES CON22R0 ROM Checking GROM 0 PC99 MODULES CON22G0 GRM Checking GROM 1 PC99 MODULES CON22G1 GRM Checking GROM 2 PC99 MODULES CON22G2 GRM Checking keyboard PC99 PC994A KEY Type 2 99 4A v2 2 This changes the paths for the console ROM and GROMs as well as the keyboard
69. FMT21 DSK A copy of FMT21 DSK A copy of FMT21 DSK A filerepresenting a blank TI DSSD disk A filerepresenting a blank TI DSDD disk A file representing a TI DSSD disk containing examples from the Mechatronic E xtended Basic I Plus manual A TI disk containing P C99 utilities that allow you to transfer disks to and from a 4A and other programs A filerepresenting a blank TI DSSD disk that has been Z ero ed for use with the p System A file representing a blank TI DSDD disk that has been Z ero ed for use with the p System A program that takes a DOS ASCII file and converts it to TI Writer format This file can bestored in a TI disk using DSKIN EXE BAS2ASC E XE A program that takes a TI Basic or Extended Basic PROGRAM file extracted by DSKOUT EXE and converts it to ASCII TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER BASFMT EXE BIN2PGM EXE DIS CTL DIS EXE DLCONV EXE DSKCHECK EXE DSKDIR EXE DSKDUMP EXE DSKFIND EXE DSKIN EXE DSKMERGE EXE DSKNAME EXE DSKOUT EXE DSKOUTF EXE DSKOUTP EXE DV802ASC E XE A program that takes an extracted TI Basic or Extended Basic file and formats it to match the listing on a 28 column TI screen A program that takes a DOS binary file containing a TI Basic or TI Extended Basic PROGRAM file and extracts it to a file This file can be stored in a TI disk using DSKIN EXE A default minimal control file used by DIS EXE A program that takes an E A5 file extracted by DSKOUT EXE or
70. G KSR MULTI b2 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Theupper portion of thetableshows theregister values For example the values under the column 0x20 are the values in registers 0x20 0x21 0x22 0x23 0x24 and 0x25 Note Registers in the range 0xa0 0xc7 do not have a modulator and carrier component The three Car entries in these columns of thetable are not used Thelower portion of the display shows the bit values of the current register You use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the variable you wish to change Press lt a gt to change all values in a column c to change the value pointed to by the cursor lt d gt to restore P C99 defaults lt m gt to change only the 3 modulator values lt o gt to zero all display values lt p gt to play sound using the register values lt r gt to change only the 3 carrier values lt z gt to zap any sound reset the OPL chip lt space gt to stop a sound lt home gt to set the cursor to top left end to set the cursor to bottom right lt page up gt to increment the current register value lt page dn gt to decrement the current register value lt arrows gt to move the cursor Example Move the two columns to the right until it is under Ox60 Press lt c gt for change New value f1 The register value changes to f1 Press lt p gt to play a sound Press space to stop the sound Each time you change a register you
71. JOIN EXE Loads successive E A5 files into an equivalent TI memory space and saves as a singlefile Theoutput file can be used by the P C99 disassembler DI S EXE The syntax for EA5J OIN EXE is gt eabjoin lt filenames to join Example gt eabjoin telco telcp telcq The output file is hard coded to be ea5 out 8 8 6 EAC2ASC EXE Converts E A 3 compressed format files to ASCII Shows all tags by name the load offset and contents in hex and ASCI Thisprogramis useful for exploring E A3 compressed files It shows a partial disassembly of the file along with offset contents and ASCII values of each location n addition it shows all REFs and DEFs and the program entry point Thesyntax for EAC2ASC EXE is gt eac2asc lt infile gt lt outfile gt lt outfile gt can be read by an ASCII editor 8 8 7 EAU2ASC EXE Converts E A3 uncompressed format files to ASCII Shows all tags by name theload offset and contents in hex and ASCII This program is useful for exploring E A3 uncompressed files It shows a partial disassembly of thefile along with offset contents and ASCII values of each location I n addition it shows all REFs and DEFs and the program entry point The syntax for EAU 2ASC EXE is gt eau2asc infile lt outfile gt lt outfile gt can be read by an ASCII editor 167 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 8 8 IV2ASC EXE Takes an extracted TI Extended Basic INT VAR254 program file and conve
72. M or GROM Note that offsets to addresses in the ROM or GROM file require 6 to allow for the 6 byte file header For example address gt 0918 would be at offset 0x0918 0x0006 Ox091E 10 1 Console ROM 0 Speeding up the keyboard The 99 4A ROM O contains a delay loop in the keyboard routineto allow CRU lines to settle This is not necessary in P C99 Reducing thesize of theloop counter speeds up the keyboard responsein P C99 for all programs that call KSCAN Original 99 4A ROM O 0498 020C LI R12 gt 04E2 Loop counter gt 049A 04E2 Patched 99 4A ROM O gt 0498 020C LI R12 gt 0002 Loop counter gt 049A 0002 This shortens the delay loop considerably The patch is made to the file CON4ARO ROM which lives in PC99 MODULES 10 2 Console ROM 0 Bug in interrupt routine The following excerpt is from an email by T l er J eff White looking over the console ROM source code 1 havelocated themain problem with theinterrupt routine T woinstructions arereversed What should bethereis the reverse which could solve lots of trouble Original 99 4A ROM O 0918 020C LI R12 gt 0F00 Loads CRU base with 0F00 gt 091A OF00 to start CRU scan of DSR peripherals gt 091C 1D01 SBO 1 Enables meaningless bit gt 0F02 195 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Patched PC99 ROM 0 20918 1D01 SBO 1 Clears External Interrupt and re enables gt 091A 020C LI R12 gt 0F00 Loads CRU base with 0F00 gt 091C OFOO to
73. O through 719 will be dumped 159 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 6 Finding a TI filename DSKFIND EXE Use DSKFIND EXE a program that finds searches for a disk manager filename using a wildcard selection of disk files The syntax is dskfind ti filename to find ti dsk file list switches Example gt cd pc99 dsk gt Npc99NdskutilNdskfind load dsk DSKFIND EXE will search for a TI file called LOAD in every disk in the current directory For each match the filename and disk name is displayed If ti filename to find gt is period then all files are considered a match You can use this to build a library of filenames by disk name Example gt cd pc99 dsk gt pco99 dskutil dskfind dsk will find all filenames on all disks The following switches can be used f TI filenames are usually in upper case caps By default DSKFIND EXE will convert the TI filename to upper case You can overridethis by the f switch Example gt cd pc99 dsk gt pc99 dskutil dskfind Load dsk f will only find TI files named Load LOAD will not bea match m The filename is used as a partial match on the first characters of any filename A filename of load will find LOAD LOADPRINT LOADLOCAL Example gt cd pc99 dsk gt pc99 dskutil dskfind load dsk m 160 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Appends a summary of the results to the display Example gt cd pc99 dsk
74. PIO or PIO 1 will get a device error TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 2 3 Change PIO TheTI RS232 primary card supports one parallel port which is designated PIO PIO 1 TheTI RS232 secondary card supports PIO 2 The IBM PC allows for up to three parallel ports LPT1 LPT2 and LPT3 For three parallel ports the first port must be located on the Monochrome Display Adapter MDA You use CFG E XE to tell PC99 how you want the PIO ports on your PC mapped f you select 5 the next menu is displayed PIO 1 port 1 Map to PC LPT1 PIO 1 addr 0x0378 PIO 1 irq 7 1 Select PC LPT port to map TI PIO 1 to 2 Select PC LPT port hardware address 3 Select PC LPT port hardware interrupt 6 2 3 1 Select PC LPT port to map TI PIO 1 to If you select 1 the next menu is displayed PIO 1 port 1 Map to PC LPT1 Map to PC LPT1 Map to PC LPT2 Map to PC LPT3 Map to not used BC NP If you select 2 then PIO 1 will be mapped to PC LPT2 PIO 1 port 2 Map to PC LPT2 You can map PIO 2 in a similar way 6 2 3 2 Select PC LPT port hardware address f you select 2 the next menu is displayed PIO 1 port PIO 1 addr 1 Map to PC LPT1 0x0378 New value hex At the prompt you can enter any I O address you need N otethat CF G E XE does not validatethis address PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 2 3 3 Select PC LPT port hardware interrupt f you select 3 the next menu is displayed PIO 1 po
75. ROM bank O0 2 Module 02 GROM bank 1 3 Module 03 GROM bank 2 You must first select the module slot you wish to change After you select a slot the next display depends on the contents of your PC99 MOD file Each module name enclosed in square brackets is displayed in the order in the file This allows you to control the order of display Y ou could for example put your modules in alphabetical order or keep your most used modules near the beginning of the file for ease of access A green bar is placed over thefirst module name U sethe cursor keys to move the bar up or down When the bar is over the module you want press Enter TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER If you have more than 20 modules use Page U p and Page Down gt to go forward and back 20 modules at a time A typical display is BLUE HEAD Page 1 of 1 GREEN BAR 001 addition 002 adventure 003 buck rogers 004 editor assembler 005 extended basic 006 parsec 007 super extended basic 008 tombstone city 009 video chess 010 zero zap When you select the module you want the next screen is displayed Module number Module name File count buck rogers Num Load type Len Addr File 01 09 RAMO 2000 6000 PC99 MODULES PHM3226 GRM 02 05 GRM 4 1800 8000 PC99 MODULES PHM32261 GRM 03 04 GRM 3 1800 6000 PC99 MODULES PHM32262 GRM 6 10 3 1 Dummy module Thedefault PC99 MOD f
76. S prompt AG gt cd pc99 gt pc99 TheprogramP C99 E XE readsthefileP C99 CF G which isassumedto bein thecurrent directory If Display startup info is set to YES PC99 EXE will display information about each file it has loaded into memory showing its location and size Press Enter to load the next file PC99 E XE sets the PC video mode to correspond to the default debug mode Typically this is 320w x 200h x 256 colors I n this mode you will then seea 256w x 200h cyan square representing the TI screen The TI title screen color bar screen will appear You can now use PC99 as if you were on a TI 99 4A 7 2 Quitting PC99 Press Esc Thecurrent debugger screen is displayed T he debugger prompts with a question mark and waits for a command Press lt Q gt upper case q to return to DOS Note All work in progress such as a Basic program that has not been saved to disk will be lost 114 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 3 PC99 display PC99 drives the PC video display in one of three PC video modes r N ratio debug modes w Mode 3 This is a text only mode used for displaying error messages VGA modes 18 and 19 require a VGA adapter or better and color monitor VGA mode 18 640h x 480w x 16 colors T his video modeis used by the mini screen and TI aspect VGA mode 19 320h x 200w x 256 colors This video mode is used by all other debug modes The99 4A display is 256h x 192w x 16 colors
77. S232 primary peripheral RS232 RS232 1 RS232 2 PIO and PIO 1 Type can be No TI or Gu ion ROW 13 RSs No TI Gu The RS232 secondary peripheral RS232 3 RS232 4 and P10 2 Type can be No TI or Gu ion 122 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 ROW 14 ROW 15 ROW 16 ROW 17 ROW 18 ROW 19 ROW 20 ROW 21 ROW 22 ROW 23 ROW 24 ROW 25 TP No TI The Thermal Printer peripheral TP Type can be No or TI PC99 No P9 ThePC99 peripheral The default supplied by CaDD contains support for OPEN 1 CLOCK You can create your own DSRs by replacingthis peripheral T ype can be No or P9 PC99 Mem No TI My AMS The Memory peripheral Type can be No TI 32K My arc 512K with or without XB II support or AMS 128K 256K 512K or 1Mb pCod No TI The p Code peripheral Type can be No or TI When set to type TI the power up routine in this peripheral does not display the TI title screen Spch No TI The Speech Synthesizer peripheral Type can be No or TI Blank DSK1 rw RW RO OR TheDSK1 peripheral When this peripheral is read from a green block is displayed at r When this peripheral is written to a red block is displayed at w Theperipheral can beRW read write RO read only or OR operating system read only a protected file set with the DOS attrib command or through Win 95 DSK2 rw RW RO OR Same as DSK 1 DSK3 rw RW RO OR Same a
78. SYS to either standard or pc99 The GOTO causes processing to jump to one of these labels n a batch file a label begins with a colon So if you selected standard then the mouse driver will be loaded and DOSKEY will be active If you selected P C99 these will be absent Using these techniques you can increase the amount of conventional memory available to PC99 while still having a standard PC for all other uses You can find more information in your DOS manual You can also type gt help menuitem at the DOS prompt Now how to dothis in practice Before doing anything makea backup of your current CONFIG SYS and AUTOEXEC BAT files gt cd N gt copy config sys config bak gt copy autoexec bat autoexec bak Now use EDIT to make some changes to CONFIG SYS gt ed X gt edit config sys 201 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Add these lines to the top of the file menu menuitem standard menuitem pc99 menudefault standard 5 Leave a line of space and then type standard Then at the bottom of the file leave a line of space and then type pc99 Save the CONFIG SYS file Alt F gt Save lt Alt F eXit and reboot your PC At the startup menu select standard or let it time out Don t select pc99 because nothing will be loaded Except for the startup menu there should be no other differencein the way your PC runs All we have doneisto add a startup menu Now you need to move so
79. Texas Instruments Home Computer Meter 0000372752 N Im QN m t G SG GS 8 Ln o EB TEXRS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER sf Ma Sheen eO riri PER ESSA RS A BS A PAR om m aMSSHROS HOCOO A eI ZOZNIEOM E oS ne 0 xy o PEND e OOK ONTT Sr o MONDO Go cet HO409 TOO ORTO 6 FAIRE iviviviviviviviviviviv 50000000000 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS READY PRESS ANY KEY TO BEGIN 1961 SISI SSSSSAS 1 GSo3r u 1 GSSSSooS OOOO 1S3 Soo 1 Soo Sos 099993959 GS Ao GSOS3Somau lolo lala ejeje Eds ASSoousr Soo 50000009 DANTAON m m hhppxxo 6 4 LJ coco Coco COCOS S DATATAN 600000 Co Coco S RADADANN 1 Oeco0osss DARADRANN 1 Oecoeocsss I DATATAN 600000 Coco Co S OOOO 0c Coco COCOS S POHONIN 1 rr RATAS 1 Oecocosss E AA G000 Coco Coco S RR Add G00000 Coco Co S Reman 1 OSeoosss 1 PAP EO POI B eee PA EO Od c00000 Coco co S oq uq NN 000009000000 S qq om NN sesossss oq uoc NN Goo qq uq NN 00000009 Drum dino Seooosss 00 B GB B ae Ya o OG BB BG aa ae ao ua Goss sosssss DAN Rio Sos IBM PC emulator for the Texas Instruments TI 99 4A User Manual Stage 6 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Copyright 1999 2000 CaDD Electronics See important warranty information at back of book Release 20000407 PC
80. Then program execution resumes using the new PC WP and Status Register WARNING You must have a valid vector loaded for this command to work If you issue the command with an invalid vector you will almost certainly send the Program Counter to never never land and attempt to execute invalid instructions Any work in progress will probably be lost 142 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 You can test the load interrupt with the following procedure r N w A v Start PC99 with the Editor Assembler cartridge Display the E A option screen Press lt Esc gt At the debugger prompt sdm 3 to enter the mini screen At the mini screen prompt Command e to enter edit mode In memory window 1 nearest TI screen Set the base address to gt FFFC Set memory addresses gt F FFC gt A020 gt FFFE gt A000 Mem CPU FFFC AO 20 AO 00 This creates the LOAD vector WP gt A020 PC gt A000 If a load interrupt occurs the processor will use gt A020 for the new workspace and execute the instruction at gt A000 In memory window 3 bottom of mini screen Set the base address to 2A000 Set memory addresses gt A000 21000 gt A002 71000 gt A004 70380 Mem CPU A000 10 00 10 00 03 80 The equivalent assembly language program starting at address gt A000 is A000 1000 NOP A002 1000 NOP A004 0380 RTWP This code will execute two NOPs and then a Return Workspace Pointer 143
81. This sample CONFIG SYS file causes a menu to be displayed before DOS processes the file The menu contains 2 choices l1 standard 2 pc99 This display is caused by the block labelled menu The menudefault entry will be selected after 5 seconds DOS then processes the rest of the file If you selected standard or let it default then only blocks marked standard or common are processed Unfortunately thereis no hard and fast rule about what to place in the blocks But for example P C99 does not need to havea CD ROM driver or a scanner driver loaded By omitting these entries in the P C99 block you will not load these drivers and will therefore have more conventional memory available The entries in the CONFIG SYS also link tothe AUTOEXEC BAT file which is processed immediately after CONFIG SYS DOS sets a variable called CONFIG which can be tested A sample AUTOEXEC BAT filefollows PC99 User Manual Stage 6 GOTO CONFIG ECHO OFF PATH C DOS C WINDOWS C WP51 C rem sound blaster SET BLASTER A220 I5 D1 H5 P330 T6 SET SOUND C SB16 rem other SET TEMP C TMP SET TMP C TMP rem 1 standard standard C MOUSE MOUSE SER LH C DOS DOSKEY GOTO end rem 2 pc99 pc99 GOTO end end LH C NDOSNSMARTDRV EXE X PROMPT p g TheGOTO CONFI G isthe mechanism DOS uses to select blocks in AUTOEXEC BAT This variable was set in CONFIG
82. ULE LIBRARY featureto search multiple GROM banks but not multiple ROM banks Even if TI had manufactured a GROM module box it would only have permitted one cartridge to have ROM at 76000 For example if Extended Basic was loaded in slot 1 and Video Chess in slot 2 you would not beableto run Extended Basic becausethe E xtended Basic ROM will beoverlaid by the Video Chess ROM If you select Extended Basic in this case unpredictable results will occur when Extended Basic attempts to execute its ROM code and ends up executing code in the Video Chess ROM If you EnablemultipleROM banks P C99 attemptsto overcomethis featureby latching theROM bank and mapping in the appropriate ROM for the current module This technique is based on information supplied by Michael Becker who designed this feature into his H SGPL card Sincethis feature was not built in to the TI console it is an extension of the emulation As such some software will not run when it is enabled n these cases disablethe feature and run in normal emulation mode 6 10 1 2 Applications that do not read the GROM base address TheTexas Instruments GPL specification requires that applications must determine the GROM base address and should not assumethat it is set to gt 9800 If the P C99 module count is set to 1 the default GROM base address is 2 9800 However if the count is greater than 1 the GROMs in slot 2 have a base address of 29804 the GROMs in slot 3 have a b
83. XAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 4 2 1 Read new calibration values from joystick Thenext screen is displayed Move joystick to top left then press any joystick button Raw values Top 14 Left 14 Press lt Enter gt to continue Move joystick to bottom right then press any joystick button Raw values Bottom 614 Right 670 Press lt Enter gt to continue Scaled values Joystick 1 1 Map to PC joystick port 1 Top 75 Left 82 Bottom 525 Right 574 The joystick is now calibrated You must save this configuration before exiting 6 4 2 2 Use old calibration values A typical display is Joystick 1 1 Map to PC joystick port 1 Top 75 Left 82 Bottom 525 Right 574 These scaled values will be used for joystick 1 if you save the configuration If all the old values are 0 a warning message is issued PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 4 2 3 Display old calibration values A typical display is Joystick 1 1 Map to PC joystick port 1 Top 75 Left 82 Bottom 525 Right 574 This allows you to check the current scaled calibration values 6 4 3 Display joystick port A typical display is Joystick Port 0 Standard In this example PC99 will access the joysticks through the standard joystick I O port 6 4 4 Change joystick port Thenext menu is displayed Joystick Port 0 Standard 1 Standard 2 Notebook Gameport tm f you select 1 PC99 will acce
84. XBII documentation o ooooccocccccconc eee 120 7 8 3 UsingMECHAXB DSK 00 ccc cnet eens 121 7 9 P C99 deb gger reduce eh pe ee ee e er oe toad Det e a De oer e 122 7 10 Debugger commands 00 eee eet eee 125 7 10 1 Help print command list 0 0 cece 126 7 10 2 c Continue with the program 1 2 0 0 cece 126 7 10 3 C Auto continue without having to hit Enter Luseuuus 126 7 10 4 cd Change disk file o ooooocoocoocccocnnn eee 126 7 10 5 cf Continue for numo instructions and then stop 0 5 127 7 10 6 dm Dump memory tofile sssaaa anaana 127 7 10 7 dv Dump video memory to screen 1 eee 128 7 10 8 dwe Disk write enable allow disk writes eee 128 7 10 9 dwp Disk write protect disallow disk writes o ooooooo o 128 7 10 10 e Edit mini screen 2 2 0 0 ett 129 7 10 10 1 Instruction Counters sssssess eese eese 129 7 10 10 2 I ni Reg facets A p beo pe E 129 7 10 10 3 PC cite ii n RR ER xo ERG X Kun Re dre Ke Noe VO Re Xn PR x 130 PMO LOA WS o eerie nece trente een pte tct a eere ee Cu abate 130 7 10 10 5 Status Register 2 ce eee 130 7 10 10 6 Workspace Registers 2 0 eects 130 7 10 10 7 VDP Registers ooocccocccccoccccc en 130 7 10 10 8 VDP nifO car ad di e oS RI He Deoa 130 7 10 10 9 VDP StatUS ue sarge eere ee a a wie paredes 131 7 102010 DEC Lesern n
85. a word processor such as WordP erfect 189 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 9 PC99 DSK utility programs The following is a catalog of the programs on PC99 DSK dskdir v2 0 12 dec 96 Disk name PC99 Sectors total 720 Sectors used 386 Sectors available 332 Sectors track 9 Disk formatted DSK yes Disk Manager protection no Tracks per side 40 Number of sides 2 Density single No FDR Filename Size Type P 001 gt 002 ARC33_1 33 PROGRAM gt 020 032 002 gt 003 ASSM1 33 PROGRAM gt 040 032 003 gt 004 ASSM2 20 PROGRAM gt 060 019 004 gt 005 BSCSUP 15 DIS FIX 80 gt 073 014 005 gt 006 DEBUG 32 DIS FIX 80 gt 081 031 006 gt 007 DM 4 DIS FIX 80 gt 0a0 003 007 gt 008 DM1 57 PROGRAM gt 0a3 056 008 gt 009 DM2 22 PROGRAM gt 0db 021 009 gt 00a EDIT1 25 PROGRAM gt 0f0 024 010 gt 00b FILETOPROG 27 DIS FIX 80 gt 108 026 011 gt 00c RSECTOR 14 PROGRAM gt 122 013 012 gt 00d RSECT_O 23 DIS FIX 80 gt 12f 022 013 gt 00e SECTLOAD_X 22 PROGRAM gt 145 021 014 gt 00f WSECTOR 14 PROGRAM gt 15a 013 015 gt 010 WSECT_O 25 DIS FIX 80 gt 167 024 016 gt 011 XLATE_X 20 PROGRAM gt 17 019 In the following descriptions all Texas nstruments software is supplied under license with TI PC99 User Manual Stage 6 9 1 ARC33 1 Thisis Archiver 3 03 dated 4 12 89 This is a shareware program by Barry Boone 9 2 ASSM1 ASSM2 T
86. ad tmp m30564 tmp g30564 6150 Run STRIP BAT to create the intermediate files g3056 930561 180 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Once you have fixed the size of each file use DUMP EXE to examine the 2 data length bytes starting at offset 2 The data length values are shown in the table above If the values are different you can use PATCH EXE to fix them This example assumes the GRAM file 930561 has a correct file size of 6150 bytes but the value of the 2 data length bytes starting at offset 2 is 0x20 and 0x00 UseSTRIP BAT tofixtheoffset values T his exampleassumestheinput filesarein CAT MP Edit the STRIP BAT fileto contain the following line pc99 util patch tmp g30561 tmp p30561 2 20 18 This patches g30561 so that offset 2 which used to contain 0x20 now contains 0x18 Thereis no need to patch the byte at offset 3 since it is 0x00 Run STRIP BAT tocreatetheintermediatefilep30561 T hedatalength starting at offset 2 is now 0x1800 Now copy the stripped and patched files to the PC99 modules directory cd tmp copy g3056 pc99 modules phm3056 grm copy p30561 pc99 modules phm30561 grm copy 930562 pc99 modules phm30562 grm copy 930563 pc99 modules phm30563 grm copy 930564 pc99 modules phm30564 grm VVVVNVV Finally you should add the name and the pathnames of the command modulefilesto P C99 M OD The following example shows the Alpiner module added at the end of your module list alpiner pc99 m
87. address Filename First six bytes Type Length Load address PHM3056 FF 09 20 00 60 00 RAM O gt 2000 gt 6000 PHM30561 FF 07 18 00 CO 00 GRAM 7 gt 1800 gt C000 PHM30562 FF 06 18 00 A0 00 GRAM 6 1800 gt A000 PHM30563 FF 05 18 00 80 00 GRAM 5 gt 1800 gt 8000 PHM30564 00 04 18 00 60 00 GRAM 4 1800 gt 6000 The first bytein each of thefirst four files is gt FF which means another file is to be loaded The first byte in the last file is 200 which means no more files are to be loaded Transfer the five files to the PC Use STRIP BAT to remove the unwanted 128 header bytes This example assumes the module files arein CATMP Edit the STRIP BAT fileto contain five lines pc99 util gstrip exe tmp phm3056 tmp m3056 128 pc99 util gstrip exe tmp phm30561 tmp m30561 128 pc99 util gstrip exe tmp phm30562 tmp m30562 128 pc99 util gstrip exe tmp phm30563 tmp m30563 128 pc99 util gstrip exe tmp phm30564 tmp m30564 128 Run STRIP BAT to create the intermediate files m3056 m30561 179 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Fix up the file size for each file The 8K ROM file PH M 3056 consists of a 6 byte header followed by 8192 bytes of data When PC Transfer copies thisfilefromaTI disk to a DOS disk it doessoin multiples of 256 bytes Although 8192 is an exact multiple of 256 the addition of the 6 byte header makes the file size 8198 bytes Sincethisisnolonger amultiple of 256 PC Transfer pads the end of thefilewith 250 bytes
88. al Subtraction skills 4 drill 5 Subtraction review drill Subtraction applications application You must transfer the five disks from a TI system to your PC ThePC files must be named PHD52061 DSK PHD52062 DSK PHD52063 DSK PHD52064 DSK PHD52065 DSK Assume these files are in Xmp Compress these files and make an executable archive using Iharc gt C gt cd Ntmp lha a phd5206 phd5206 dsk This creates the compressed archive file PH D5206 L ZH Convert the L ZH fileto an executable archi ve gt lha s phd5206 This creates the file PHD5206 EXE Move this file to pc99 dsk plato gt move phd5206 exe pc99 dsk plato You can now removethe DSK and LZH filesin tmp and use CF G E XE to select a disk from this package TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Note If you only have a few Plato disks you do not have to compress them and use CF G E XE to select them As with any other disk you can use DOS to copy it to DSK 1 or useCF G EXE to point DSK1tothe Plato disk Note You do not have to use Iharc to compress the disks However the compressed disks must be in executablearchiveform executing P H Dnnnn E XE attheDOS prompt must self extract the DSK files Other archive programs such as pkzi p are capable of producing this format 6 6 13 Display cassette paths A typical display is PC99 DSK CS1 PC99 DSK CS2 CS1 CS2 In the above example if you write to the CS1 device in PC99 the data will be stored in the file
89. alll a c Remove distribution disk 1 and insert distribution disk 2 gt install2 a c Remove distribution disk 2 and insert distribution disk 3 gt install3 a c Please note that you should not execute any of the EXE files on the distribution disks except for INSTALL1 EXE INSTALL2 EXE and INSTALL3 EXE The other EXE files are self extracting compressed files used by theinstallation programs 5 1 PC99 tree After a successful install you should havethefollowingfilesin theP C99tree T helistingsarein DOS sort order V C99 T F full featured product only L light product only CFG EXE CFG MNU CFGPLATO MNU CFGSB EXE DOS4GW E XE PC99 CFG PC99 EXE PC99 F GF PC99 MMM PC99 MOD The PC99 configuration program An ASCII file that contains the menus used by CFG EXE An ASCII filethat contains the menus used by CF G E XE when selecting Plato disks A 16 bit program used by CFG EXE to check for the existence of a Creative Labs Sound Blaster The Rational Systems DOS AGW DOS extender that enables P C99 E XE torun in 32 bit protected mode An ASCII filethat contains P C99 configuration information CF G EXE reads and writes this file PC99 E XE reads this file T he 99 4A emulator program standard version Afontfilecontainingbitmaps of characters used when displaying module overlay files An editableASCII filethat contains a master list of modules Y ou can cut and paste from this fileto PC
90. ample dv 7 10 8 dwe Disk write enable allow disk writes Allows you to emulate removing a write protect tab from a disk which allows the disk to be written to Example dwe 2 Thefollowing confirmation appears DSK2 is now write enabled Press Enter to continue If thedisk is write protected by DOS DSK2 is DOS read only Cannot write enable Press Enter to continue 7 10 9 dwp Disk write protect disallow disk writes Allows you to emulate placing a write protect tab on a disk which prevents the disk from being written to Example dwp 2 Thefollowing confirmation appears DSK2 is now write protected Press Enter to continue If the disk is write protected by DOS DSK2 is DOS read only PC99 write protection skipped Press lt Enter gt to continue 128 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 10 10 e Edit mini screen Themini screen debug modeplacestheP C monitor into VGA mode 640w x 480h x 256 colors T heupper left corner of the screen contains theTI screen 256w x 192h Therest of thePC screen contains a series of editable objects An object consists of a title and editable fields Thetitleisdisplayedin color If thetitleis red the object will not be dynamically updated If thetitleis green the object will be dynamically updated An object s editablefields areusually displayed in white Note T hesecolors may have been changed with CF G E XE Press lt e gt at the debug
91. ample WS RO1 F FFF breaks when Workspace Register RI gt F FFF Example WS R15 8C breaks when the most significant byte of R15 gt 8C Display WS Ptr Enter a 4 digit hex value PC99 will break when the Workspace Pointer is set to the value Example WS Ptr 83E0 breaks when the Workspace Pointer gt 83E0 f you enter G thefollowing messageis displayed Break at GROM memory address Alt D delete g Display G Enter a 2 digit decimal value to select the GROM bank followed by a 4 digit GROM hex address followed by a 2 digit hex value for the contents of the address P C99 will break when the address in the selected GROM bank contains the value Example G00 12B4 breaks when the GROM address gt 12B4 in GROM bank O is accessed 134 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 If you enter C the following message is displayed Break at CPU memory address Alt D delete C Display CPU Enter a 4 digit hex value to select a CPU address followed by a 2 digit hex value for the contents of the address PC99 will break when the CPU address contains the value Example CPU A024 F breaks when the least significant nybble of CPU address gt A024 gt F If you enter P the following message is displayed Break at Program Counter Alt D delete p Display PC Enter a 4 digit hex value PC99 will break when the Program Counter is set to the value Example PC A05A breaks when the Pr
92. an immediate value of less than gt 2000 It is unlikely that any 4A program would do this sincethis would put the workspace in the console ROM If you do not want these DATA rules applied you can override the dataflag defaults by setting the dataflag DIS EXE will label each kind of DATA statement it generates nop awordthat has no legal opcode ctl a word at an address in the control file lim thewordafter aLIMI statement is greater than 7 0002 Both theLI MI statement andthe word following are flagged as DATA Iwpi the word after a LWPI statement is less than 2000 Both the LWPI statement and the word following areflagged as DATA DIS EXE makesafirst passthrough theinput fileand collectsthetargets of B BL and BLWP statements DIS EXE writes a temporary file called DIS TMP This file is then opened and reprocessed which allows DIS EXE to label locations which have been pointed to by Branch B and Branch and Link BL instructions This helps to identify subroutines in the disassembled code In addition DIS E XE flags all transfer vectors used by a Branch and Load Workspace Pointer BLWP statement Theoutput of DIS EXE is an ASCII file You can open thefilewith an ASCII editor and examineit You can print thefileto help analyzethe program T o save paper you can open thefile with a word processor such as WordP erfect and columnize and paginate it before printing 166 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 8 5 EA5
93. ansion RAM and the Editor Assembler A PC with PC99 installed and a 5 25 disk drive capable of reading and formatting 360K PC floppies The program PC Transfer written by Mike Dodd and the PC Transfer utilities disk 8 2 1 PC Transfer example This example assumes you are using DSK 1 and DSK2 on the 4A e On the 4A Format a disk to contain morethan 720 sectors If you usethe Myarc Disk Manager format the disk to DSDD 1440 sectors If you useTI Disk Manager 2 format the disk to DSDD 1280 sectors For this example this DSDD formatted disk is called the TI Transfer Disk On thePC UseDOS toformat a 5 25 PC disk to DSDD 360K It isnot recommended to try and format the PC disk on the 4A system using PC Transfer On the4A Insert theTI PC99 Utility disk in DSK1 From E A5 load DSK 1 RSECTOR Do not enter any information at the RSECTOR prompt On the 4A Insert the disk you wish to transfer to PC99 in DSK 1 For maximum efficiency this should be a 720K disk DSSD On the 4A Insert theTI Transfer Disk in DSK2 On the 4A Tell RSECTOR that the source drive is 1 DSK 1 that the destination filename is DSK2 SA that the destination is not a serial port and that you aretransferring a 720K disk RSECTOR will then convert groups of 32 sectors from DSK 1 into 8K PROGRAM files on DSK2 Successive files will benamed SA SB SC SD Only thelast file will have less than 32 sectors On the 4A Load PC Transfer and the TIFILES o
94. ase address of gt 9808 and so on If a moduleis in slot 2 and it assumes the GROM base address is 79800 it will end up executing GPL code in the modulein slot 1 and unpredictable results will occur The following modules will not run if they are not in slot 1 PHM 3056 Alpiner PHM 3158 M A S H PHM 3177 F acemaker PHM 3226 Buck Rogers The designers of these modules did not follow TI s software rules In addition TI Forth will not run if the Editor Assembler module is not in slot 1 88 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 10 2 Display loaded module files Thedisplay depends on the number of modules you have enabled If you haveset the module count to 3 the menu is 1 Module 01 GROM bank O0 2 Module 02 GROM bank 1 3 Module 03 GROM bank 2 If you select 1 a typical display is Module number 1 Module name extended basic File count Num Load type Len Addr File 01 Oa RAM 2000 6000 PC99 MODULES PHM3026 GRM 02 09 RAM 2000 6000 PC99 MODULES PHM30261 GRM 03 07 GRM 1800 c000 PC99 MODULES PHM30262 GRM 04 06 GRM 1800 a000 PC99 MODULES PHM30263 GRM 05 05 GRM 1800 8000 PC99 MODULES PHM30264 GRM 06 04 GRM 1800 6000 PC99 MODULES PHM30265 GRM C 0100 rn Press Enter to continue Theremaining two modules are then displayed 6 10 3 Change module The display depends on the number of modules you have enabled If you have set the module count to 3 the menu is 1 Module 01 G
95. ay file is displayed into a fixed area which is clipped If you have longer lines than will fit into the dip region they will betruncated by pixels not characters PC99 User Manual Stage 6 You can se the color of one or more characters by the following escape sequence Ox7f color value where color value is 000 BLACK 001 BLUE 002 GREEN 003 CYAN 004 RED 005 MAGENTA 006 BROWN 007 GRAY 008 DARK GRAY 009 LIGHT BLUE 010 LIGHT GREEN 011 LIGHT CYAN 012 LIGHT RED 013 LIGHT MAGENTA 014 YELLOW 015 WHITE You can key these values by pressing and holding ALT followed by the three digit value and then releasing ALT For example to set the color to light red ALT down 12 7 ALT up Ox7f ALT down 012 ALT up start light_red You can also underline characters using the following escape sequence Ox7f Ox5f For example to start an underscore ALT down 1 2 7 ALT up underscore Ox5f You end an underscore using the same sequence TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 5 7 Display delay units per clock tick To slow down the P C99 emulation you change one of two delay values under Change delay value 1 2 PC99 uses the FastGraph function fg stall to slow the emulation fg stall delays a program s execution by a given number of processor specific delay units This delay occurs between each emulated TI instruction Delay value 1 and delay value 2 are combined and the total repre
96. bleloader DOS4GW E XE must bein thedirectory in which you start P C99 or elseit must bein your path You can measurethe performance of protected real mode switching on your PC by running the Rational Systems program PMINFO EXE Thisisinstalled in PC99WTIL If PMINFO EXE fails to complete you can run the Rational Systems program RMINFO EXE This is installed in PC99 UTIL This program supplies configuration information and the basis for real protected mode switching on your PC Between these two programs you should be able to discover the reason your P C cannot be switched into protected mode 11 1 1 PMINFO EXE Thefollowing information is supplied by Rational Systems which wrote PMINFO EXE PMINFO EXE Purpose Measures the performance of protected real mode switching and extended memory Syntax PMINFO EXE Notes We encourage you to distribute this program to your users T he time based measurements made by PMINF O may vary slightly from run to run Example T he following example shows the output of the PMINFO program on a 386 AT compatible machine 197 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER C pminfo Protected Mode and Extended Memory Performance Measurement 5 00 Copyright c Tenberry Software Inc 1987 1993 DOS memory Extended memory CPU performance equivalent to 67 0 MHz 80486 736 8012 K bytes configured according to BIOS 640 15360 K bytes physically present SETUP 651 7887 K bytes availabl
97. bstitute PC99 E XE PC99A E XE or PC99L EXE where applicable PC99 User Manual Stage 6 2 4 Hardware requirements ThePC must havethe following hardware 80386 or higher microprocessor 80486 at 66M Hz isminimum recommended Pentium P entium II is supported At least 16M b RAM Color VGA adapter and monitor Disk driveto load software 3 5 1 44M b A hard drive with at least 10M b free Optional PC hardware includes ISA bus Up to four COM ports based at PC I O addresses Ox2f8 Ox3f8 0x2e8 and Ox3e8 to emulate the TI RS232 ports MicroChannel Architecture Up to eight COM ports based at PC I O addresses Ox2f8 Ox3f8 0x3220 0x3228 0x3320 0x3328 0x3420 and 0x3428 A parallel port to emulate the TI PIO port A game port and one or two PC analog joysticks to emulate the TI digital joystick port A Creative Labs Sound Blaster for improved sound reproduction 2 5 Software requirements ThePC must havethe following software DOS 5 0 DOS 6 0 DOS 6 2 or later Earlier versions of DOS down to 3 3 will probably work We do not recommended running P C99 from a DOS shell or from a DOS box under Microsoft Windows 3 1 or Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3 11 Or e Microsoft Windows 95 98 P C99 will executein a DOS box Your PC environment must allow P C99 to switch the processor from real modeto protected mode Some anti virus programs may prevent this TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 2 6
98. c console overlay strips supplied with the 99 4A console and some modules The contents of the current overlay file will be displayed to the right of a simulated TI screen Overlay files can be displayed in P C99 by setting the debug mode to 2 sdm 2 6 5 4 Change path of overlay file A typical display is Overlay file PC99 OLY PC99 OLY New path Enter the path to the new file Note that the only check made is whether the file exists There are no checks made of the contents of the file 6 5 5 Select overlay file in pc99 oly This presents a menu of the files in the directory pc99 oly that have a oly suffix You can select the file by number and it will become the new overlay file 6 5 6 Creating an overlay file You can create your own overlay files with an ASCII editor We recommend that you store these in YPC99VOL Y with a OLY extension Overlay files are designed to represent the FCTN and CTRL key functions found on the plastic overlay strips supplied with the TI console and some command modules However you can store any information that you wish to display while PC99 is running P C99 expects the overlay fileto bein ASCII format and contain a maximum of 25 lines Each linein the file should beno more 10 characters wide T hedisplay mechanism uses a proportional font PC99 F GF so in some cases you can squeeze in one or more letters Because the font is only 5 pixels high most characters look best in capitals An overl
99. cc cece eens 52 6 5 2 11 Set up mini screen 2 eee 52 6 5 3 Display overlayfile ooooocoocoooccccnr tne 54 6 5 4 Change path of overlay file lille 54 6 5 5 Select overlay file in pcO N oly 2 eee 54 6 5 6 Creating an overlay file 6 ects 54 6 5 7 Display delay units per clock tick unnan anaana 56 6 6 IDISKS Hated Hm EE 57 6 6 1 Texas Instruments Disk Controller 0 00 0 cece 57 6 6 2 Guion Disk Controller 2 0 2 0 cee 57 6 6 3 Myarc Disk Controller 0 0 cece 58 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 6 4 Using CFG EXE tochangedisks 0 ccc eee 58 6 6 5 Using DOS COPY tochangedisks 0 eects 59 6 6 6 Copyingdisks lsssssssssseeses e m 59 6 6 7 Display disk paths siis w surion das a e oriee aa i eens 60 6 6 8 Change disk paths 0 6 cece eh 61 6 6 8 1 Change path for DSK1 sssaaa aaan 61 6 6 8 2 Display PC99DSK directory 0 ccc cece nn 61 6 6 9 Change disk attached flags 0 cece cette nee 61 6 6 10 Change disk read write flags 0 0 cece 62 6 6 11 Display disk catalog 0 cect eens 63 6 6 11 1 Sector O information 0 00 cece 63 6 6 11 2 Disk Manager catalog 0 ccc eect eee 64 6 6 11 3 Disk Manager catalog files only 0 00 cece eee eee eee 65 6 0 11 4 Code catalog muda RU x eee 65 6 6 11 5 Plato catalog 2 ete eee 66 6 6 12 Select Plato disk 0
100. ce by turning on the peri pheral s CRU baseaddress T hesupported peripheral base addresses are 71000 71100 7 1300 gt 1B00 gt 1F 00 Example To se the CRU address to 1100 Disk Controller Edit one of the memory objects and set its base address to gt 4000 Unless a peripheral was actually being accessed when you entered the debugger this area will normally show all gt 00 bytes To see the contents of the disk controller ROM sca 1100 The memory window will now fill with the contents of the disk controller ROM Note If a peripheral type is set to none its ROM is not available and the display will show all gt 00 146 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 10 23 sd1 Set processor delay 1 0 no delay 7 10 24 sd2 Set processor delay 2 0 no delay These values are used to call the F astGraph routinefg stall fg stall delays a program s execution by a given number of processor specific delay units T his delay occurs between each emulated TI instruction Delay value 1 and delay value 2 are combined and the total represents the number of times fg stall is called Example you want to slow P C99 down gt sdl 50 gt sd2 20 These values are cumulative and will call fg stall 70 times between each emulated TI instruction 7 10 25 sdm Set debug mode 0 4 0 2 for PC99A PC99L Example To set the Debug Mode to 1 peripheral and status information on right sdm 1 7 10 26 smb Set Myarc bank Setstheba
101. command modules such as TI Extended Basic and TI Calc or DataBioTics TI Workshop usethis feature MBX command modules which do not requirethe MBX consoleare fully emulated in P C99 TheTI GROM memory map auto incrementing actions of a GROM and GROM memory wrap are fully emulated Up to 16 banks each containing 5 8K GROMs can be loaded Multiple GROM banks are emulated using the REVIEW MODULE LIBRARY featurein the TI console Almost every key and shift mode SHIFT CTRL FCTN on the 99 4A keyboard can be keyed on the PC keyboard P C99 does not support TI multiple shift modes for example FCTN SHIFT B PC99 fully emulates the TI memory map gt 0000 gt 1FFF 8K console ROM gt 2000 gt 3FFF 8K low memory expansion gt 4000 gt 5FFF 8K peripheral ROMs gt 6000 gt 7FFF 8K ROMsin cmd modules gt 8000 gt 9F FF 8K memory mapped gt A000 gt FFFF 24K high memory Fully emulated This peripheral contains 8K of low memory and 24K of high memory All of this memory is treated as if it were on theT fast 16 bit bus PC99 User Manual Stage 6 TI 99 4A PC99 Myarc 512K memory expansion card AMS memory card Super Spacell TI disk controller card Guion disk controller Myarc disk controller card TI RS232 primary card TI RS232 secondary card Guion RS232 card P C99 card Fully emulated This peripheral contains 32K of memory which is used as standard TI 32K memory expansion The rest of the memory can be pa
102. d a range of utility programs All of the features described above are available in each product with the following exceptions Full Light PC99 E XE PC99A EXE PC99L EXE p Code Yes Yes No Multiple GROMs Yes Yes No Mini Screen debugger Yes No No PC99 Stage 6 Full comes with both PC99 EXE and PC99A EXE PC99A EXE offers accelerated performance This performance increase comes from eliminating the M ini Screen debugger Y ou should run whichever version is most suitablefor your needs TheFull product is the equivalent of 1 A TI 99 4A console with choice of TI 99 4A TI 99 4A version 2 2 CDC or OPA ROMs and GROMs and support for up to 16 GROM based command modules 2 A Peripheral Expansion Box containing a TI 32K or Myarc 512K or AMS memory card TI Guion or Myarc Disk Controller TI or Guion RS232 card TI p Code card and PC99 card real time dock 3 A TI Speech Synthesizer speech functions work no audible speech is produced 4 TI Extended Basic TI Editor Assembler Tombstone City and M echatronic Extended Basic Il Plus command modules n addition you have access to the P C99 Mini Screen debugger PC99 Stage 6 Light comes with PC99L E XE only You cannot run the p Code card multiple GROMs or theMini Screen debugger The performance is the same as PC99A E XE Note Unless dealing specifically with a particular version all examples in this document will show PC99 E XE You should su
103. d by DSKOUT EXE and converts it to ASCII A program that takes a TI Extended Basic NT VAR254 file extracted by DSKOUT EXE and converts it to ASCII A program that takes a TI Basic or Extended Basic INT VAR163 file saved in Merge format and extracted by DSKOUT EXE and converts it to ASCII PAS2ASC EXE A program that converts TI p System TEXT filesinto ASCII VF2PC99 EXE A program that takes a single v9t9 filein a directory and converts it to P C99 format PC99 User Manual Stage 6 VD2PC99 E XE A program that takes a v9t9 disk on a disk and converts it to P C99 format PPCIAMODULES CON 22GO GRM CON 22G1 GRM CON 22G2 GRM CON 22R0 ROM CON4AG0 GRM CON4AG1 GRM CON4AG2 GRM CONAARO ROM CONCDCGO GRM CONOPAGO GRM CONOPAG1 GRM CONOPAG2 GRM CONOPARO ROM DUMMYG3 GRM DUMMYG4 GRM DUMMYG5 GRM DUMMYG6 GRM DUMMYG7 GRM DUMMYRO ROM MEB GRM MEB1 GRM MEB2 GRM MEB3 GRM MEB4 GRM MEB5 GRM MEB6 GRM P1100R0 ROM P1100R1 ROM P1300R0 ROM P1500R0 ROM P1800R0 ROM The 6K 99 4A console version 2 2 GROM at gt 0000 The 6K 99 4A console version 2 2 GROM at 2000 The 6K 99 4A console version 2 2 GROM at gt 4000 The 8K 99 4A console version 2 2 ROM at gt 0000 The 6K 99 4A console GROM at gt 0000 The 6K 99 4A console GROM at gt 2000 The 6K 99 4A console GROM at gt 4000 The 8K 99 4A console ROM at gt 0000 The 6K Control Data Corporation console GROM at 0000 The6K OPA SOB console GROM at
104. d space on your PC hard drive for three 260 240 byte files The default names of these files are DSK 1 DSK 2 and DSK3 These names are set using CFG EXE The files usually live in the PC99 DSK directory 6 6 2 Guion Disk Controller J ohn Guion supplied an 8K ROM and a hardware kit for the TI disk controller This disk emulation is similar to the TI disk controller in terms of hardware emulation disk data size CRU addresses and register locations TheGuion DSR also allows access to four disk drives and the use of lower case names TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 6 3 Myarc Disk Controller F DC PC99 emulates the actions of the Western Digital WD1772 floppy disk controller and the Device Service Routine DSR in the Myarc disk controller FDC The DSR communicates with the disk hardware through 8 registers located at gt 5F F 8 through gt 5F FF Values placed in these registers are passed to the WD 1772 chip PC99 emulates all actions of the Myarc FDC hardware TheMyarc disk controller F DC can handle up to four double sided double density DSDD disks Each disk contains 2 sides 40 tracks side 18 sectors track and 256 bytes sector T he amount of user data on a DSDD disk is 2x40 x 18 x 256 368 640 bytes The amount of user data on a track is 18 x 256 4 608 bytes When formatting a disk the WD 1772 places control information between each sector Each disk track contains atotal of 6 872 bytes of information Of these only
105. devices such as RS232 This is a software only card and was not an original TI or third party peripheral T his card contains a DSR for the support of a real time clock which emulates the CorComp Triple T ech dock You can also create your own DSRs for this card TI p Code card Fully emulated You can use CFG EXE to enablethe p Code card which consists of a bank switched 8K ROM and 8 6K GROMs TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER TI 99 4A TI Speech Synthesizer Partially emulated All of the software functions of the TMS5200 are fully emulated but no audible speech is generated This allows you to run programs that require the Speech Synthesizer 2 2 Additional features PC99 includes additional features that are not available on a TI 99 4A 2 2 1 PC99 debugger ThePC99 debugger displaysaTI Mini Screen surrounded by editableobjects which allow you to control every aspect of PC99 With the debugger you can stop any TI application at any time including during disk access You can single step through any TI application set breakpoints and watchpoints examine and changeany TI addressable memory CPU GROM VDP and command module space and read and writethe VDP write only registers You can also display any sprites being used including their patterns and locations Using the powerful features of the debugger you can debug assembly language programs examine the workings of the GPL interpreter and find out how a periph
106. difficult to use on a fast PC You can slow the emulation by changing the delay value to be greater than 0 This valueis used to call the FastGraph routinefg stall fg stall delays a program s execution by a given number of processor specific delay units This delay occurs between each emulated TI instruction Delay value 1 and delay value 2 are combined and the total represents the number of times fg stall is called TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 5 2 5 Change delay value 2 Thenext screen is displayed A typical sequence is Delay value 2 0 No delay New value 0 999 5 Delay value 2 5 Some TI applications especially games may become difficult to use on a fast PC You can slow the emulation by changing the delay valueto be greater than 0 This valueis used to call the F astGraph routinefg stall fg stall delays a program s execution by a given number of processor specific delay units This delay occurs between each emulated TI instruction Delay value 1 and delay value 2 are combined and the total represents the number of times fg stall is called 6 5 2 6 Change illegal action response The TMS9900 processor has a range of legal instructions that it can execute The TMS9918A Video Display Processor defines certain bits to be set when setting up a VDP write address If an application either deliberately or accidentally generates an illegal instruction or illegal bitsfor a VDP writeaddress the hardware tend
107. driver to print the file 11 10 Known problems Inthe program Miner 2049 er from Tigervision the miner Bounty Bob never dies T hisis believed to be an aberrant sprite coincidence problem and is being worked on You can make the following patch in the debugger to temporarily fix the problem and allow you to play the game Location Old New gt B022 13 16 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 12 Limited Warranty 12 1 Three month limited warranty PC99 Software Media CaDD Electronics extends this consumer warranty only to the original consumer purchaser This warranty covers the case components of the software package T he components include the P C99 disks the Hardware Thislimited warranty does not extendtotheP rograms contained in thesoftware media and in the accompanying documentation the Programs TheHardwareiswarrantedagainst malfunction dueto defecti vematerialsor construction T his warranty is void if the hardware has been damaged by accident or unreasonable use neglect improper service or other causes not arising out of defects in material or construction 12 2 Warranty duration The Hardware is warranted for a period of three months from the date of original purchase by the consumer 12 3 Performance by CaDD Electronics under warranty Duringthethree month warranty period defective H ardware will bereplaced when it isreturned postage prepaid to CaDD Electronics at the address below The replacement Har
108. dware will be warranted for a period of threemonthsfrom dateof replacement CaDD Electronics strongly recommendsthat you insure theHardwarefor value prior to mailing 12 4 CaDD Electronics Consumer Service Facility CaDD Electronics 45 Centerville Drive Salem NH 03079 2674 603 893 1450 or 603 893 0119 12 5 Important notice of disclaimer regarding the programs The following should be read and understood before purchasing and or using the P C99 programs CaDD Electronics does not warrant the P C99 Programs will befreefrom error or will meet the specific requirements of the Consumer The Consumer assumes complete responsibility for any decisions made or actions taken based on information obtained using the P rograms Any statements made concerning the utility of the Programs are not to be construed as express or implied warranties 205 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER CaDD Electronics makes no warranty either express or implied including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose regarding the programs and makes all programs available solely on an as is basis In noevent shall CaDD Electronics beliableto anyonefor special collateral incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or useof theP rograms T hesoleand exclusive liability of CaDD Electronics regardless of the form of action shall not exceed the purchase price of the S
109. e If you wish to enable a 32K Super Space modulein bank 0 select 1 This will enable 4 banks of 8K Super Space RAM at gt 6000 gt 7F FF These banks are switched using the Super Space bank switching scheme devised by Edgar Dohmann and implemented in the DataBioT ics Super Space product TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 10 9 Display Super Space bank status A typical display is Super Space 00 DISABLED Super Space 01 DISABLED Super Space 02 DISABLED Super Space 03 DISABLED Super Space 04 DISABLED Super Space 05 DISABLED Super Space 06 DISABLED Super Space 07 DISABLED Super Space 08 DISABLED Super Space 09 DISABLED Super Space 10 DISABLED Super Space 11 DISABLED Super Space 12 DISABLED Super Space 13 DISABLED Super Space 14 DISABLED Super Space 15 DISABLED 6 10 10 Set module slot range to not used This allows you to set a contiguous range of module slots to not used the PC99 default blank entry If you changethemodulecount and enter new modules and then reducethe modulecount you can choose whether to retain the entries for the higher modules in PC99 CFG You can do this in case you wish to re use them When P C99 starts up it only reads as far as the highest module entry equal to the module count For example if the module count is 1 then entries for slots 2 16 are ignored It does not matter what entries arein the ignored slots The default P C99 configuration
110. e If found the I O address interrupt number and DMA channel assigned are checked Next the FM music chip and DSP and Voicel O are checked A check is then made for the SOUND environment variable A typical display is FM music chip is functioning DSP and Voice 1 0 are functioning BLASTER environment variable found Base 1 0 address set Interrupt number set DMA channel set SOUND environment variable found 6 3 5 2 Display Sound Blaster register variables TheSound Blaster contains at least one Yamaha OPL chip which is used to create complex sounds by FM synthesis The chip has OxF 5 registers each capable of holding 8 bits of data Not all of the registers are used by P C99 Each used register can affect the way sound is reproduced A complete description of the function of each register is contained in the Yamaha OPL manuals CF G EXE will display the contents of theregi sters used by P C99 in a matrix format Theregister number is along the top and the channel and slot numbers are down the side n the Yamaha scheme a channel is divided into a modulator and carrier which may be set independently A typical display showing the 8 bit hex value of each register is PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Sound Blaster variables Type Chan Slot 0x20 0x40 0x60 0x80 Oxa0 Oxb0 0Oxc0 0xe0 Mod 01 01 b2 00 0 fc 41 02 01 03 Mod 02 02 b2 00 0 fc 41 02 01 03 Mod 03 03 b2 00 0 fce 41 02 01 03 Car 01 04 b2 00 0 fc F
111. e attached flag for DSK1 Change attached flag for DSK2 Change attached flag for DSK3 Change attached flag for DSK4 Ss 0 NP TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER f you select 1 the next menu is displayed Attached YES 1 Attached YES 2 Attached NO If adisk isset to Attached YES it isthe equivalent of havinga TI physical drive connected to thedisk controller If a disk is set to Attached NO it is the equivalent of having no drive If you set a disk to be Attached NO and then try to read or writeto that disk in PC99 you will get a standard I O error 6 6 10 Change disk read write flags The next menu is displayed Change read write Change read write Change read write Change read write lag for DSK1 lag for DSK2 lag for DSK3 lag for DSK4 f f El f BWwWDN Ee If you select 1 the next menu is displayed RW Flag read write 1 Read Write 2 Read Only If a disk is set to read write it is the equivalent of using a TI diskette that does not havea write protect tab covering the slot Ifa disk is set to read only it isthe equivalent of usinga TI diskettethat has a write protect tab covering the slot If you set a disk to be read only and then try to write to that disk in PC99 you will get a standard I O error In addition if you set the DOS file permissions on a PC99 disk file to read only PC99 will set the operating system read write flag for that disk when it start
112. e e hr 172 S113 DECONVIEXE t uio oce o o trees 173 8 11 4 VE2P C99 E XE us ex uk Seba Yn de des X E X X Ee E Er ed 174 8 115 VD2PC99 EXE i owe ertt ee a Hee wt A ose te et e ee 175 8 12 Dumping a TI ROM DUMPROM EXE ssssseee I 176 8 13 Patching a TI ROM or GROM PATCH EXE 00 c cece ees 177 8 14 Converting Command Modules ooooccocccccccr ns 178 8 14 1 GRAM devices ooocococcocccn e hr 178 8 14 2 Transferring GRAM files ooooocooccocccccno eee 178 8 14 3 Conversion example ooococccocc nes 179 8 15 Speech utilities sese xl 9e Rx ek XR E XR ER ER ER EXE ER 183 8 15 1 Displaying the Speech Synthesizer index SPDUMP EXE 183 8 15 2 Displaying Speech Synthesizer codes SPCODE EXE Ls 183 8 16 Displaying TI Artist files ART EXE ssssseeee I 185 8 16 1 Using ART EXE tocreateaslideshow 0 0 eee eee 187 8 17 Using PC99 utilities in batch files ooooocooocccccooncrr 188 8 17 1 Bulletin board files 0 eens 188 8 17 2 Formatting Basic files 0 cette 189 9 PC99 DSK utility programs 0 0 ete hh 190 91 ARG33 E rd Da a Ad A A a A e el aid 191 9 2 ASSMT ASSM Zi E Ea uie Dude a 191 9 3 BSCSUP osorno e ERE ERR Eda AER RA 191 9 DEBU G chon e ette boe d e ee feet e dont es dott n pe s 191 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 9 5 DM DMI DM2 ot riti ete ei ERU PERSE MA 191 96 EDIT1 i e kRIex RR ke
113. e for DOS 16M programs 2240 3 0 18 9 4 0 MB sec word transfer rate wait states 42 9 3 0 37 0 4 0 MB sec 32 bit transfer rate wait states Overall cpu and memory performance non floating point for typical DOS programs is 10 36 1 04 times an 8MHz IBM PC AT Protected Real switch rate 36156 sec 27 usec switch 15 up 11 down DOS 16M switch mode 11 VCPI Thetop information lineshowsthat the CPU performanceis equivalent to a 67 0 MHz 80486 Below are the configuration and timings for both the DOS memory and extended memory If the computer is not equipped with extended memory or noneisavailablefor DOS 4GW theextended memory measurements may be omitted The line according to BI OS shows the information provided by the BIOS interrupts 12h and 15h function 88h Theline SET UP if displayed istheconfiguration obtained directly fromtheCM OS RAM asset by the computer s setup program It is displayed only if the numbers aredifferent fromthosein the BIOS line They will be different for computers where the BIOS has reserved memory for itself or if another program has allocated some memory and is intercepting the BI OS configuration requests to report less memory availablethan is physically configured The DOS 16M memory range if displayed shows the low and high addresses availableto DOS AGW in extended memory Below the configuration information is information on the memory speed transfer rate PMINFO tries to
114. e main menu select LT Status Thenext menu is displayed 1 Display configuration status 2 Print status to disk file 3 Display PC info 6 12 1 Display configuration status Thenext menu is displayed All RS232 Sound Joysticks System Disks Keyboard Console Peripherals 0 Module dee Color PrRWOOMATNAOABWNE You can display the status of all configuration variables over a number of screens or you can display specific variables If you choose 7 a typical display is Keyboard PC99 PC994A KEY Path good Size 2349 bytes good Key age 1500 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 12 2 Print status to disk file You can print all configuration variables to a disk filein ASCII format You can useDOS to print thefile or you can import it into an ASCII editor or a word processor such as WordP erfect Thenext screen is displayed Path for status file Enter the DOS path of thefile If the DOS file exists you will be warned WARNING File exists 1 Overwrite 2 Abort f you choose 1 the existing file will be overwritten If you choose 2 you are returned to the previous menu 6 12 3 Display PC info This displays the PC date and time DOS version video adapter type and whether supported if a VESA BIOS is supported the amount of SVGA memory and chipset and keyboard type PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 13 Save If you have made one or more changes to the P C99 con
115. e ponere e ea a desde ua entere Pe eee leen a 205 12 1 Three month limited warranty PC99 Software Media 002 ce eee 205 12 2 Warranty duration 0ooocccccoccc m 205 12 3 Performance by CaDD Electronics under warranty lssselsselssluess 205 12 4 CaDD Electronics Consumer Service Facility 0 0 cece eee 205 12 5 Important notice of disclaimer regarding the programs sssuuuss 205 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 1 Quick start This section is for people who hateto read documentation It contains enough information to get you up and running However to get the full benefit of the PC99 product you should at least try to glance through the remainder of the documentation especially the section on peripherals and topics such as TI vs Myarcdisk controller If you arenew tousingtheM yarc Disk Manager you should read thedocument Myarc Disk Manager Level 11 Supreme Thisis contained in thefile MYDMDOC PDF Adobe Portable Document Format or MYDMDOC T XT ASCII format 1 1 Installation Insert the PC99 distribution disk 1 in your PC floppy drive The following example assumes you are installing from the A floppy driveto the C hard drive At the DOS prompt gt a gt installl a c Note install one not el INSTALL I EXE builds a directory tree under VP C99 on the C drive and expands compressed files into it Insert the PC99 distribution disk 2 in theA drive At
116. ect eet eee 66 6 6 12 1 Creating compressed Plato diskS 0 00 eee eee eee ee 67 6 6 13 Display cassette paths 6 teens 68 6 6 14 Change cassette paths 0 eee eee 68 6 6 14 1 Change path for CS1 0 eee 68 6 6 15 The blank disks FMT21 DSK andFMT22 DSK s sess 69 6 6 16 The blank disks PFMT21 DSK and PFMT22 DSK slss 69 6 6 17 TI or Guion vs Myarc disk controller 0 0 0 cece eee 70 67 Keyboard et oe euet a santas a a a orsi erede ana et e a 71 6 7 1 OY SE KOS ic inser enden e Det d eie A 71 6 7 2 Speclal Keys tia e EDU lE gS Tana eR 72 6 7 3 Display path of keyboard file 0 ccc ccs 73 6 7 4 Change path of keyboard file 0 00 cece tte 73 6 7 5 Display key age value sssssssssesese s 73 6 7 6 Change key agevalue ooccooccoocccncr nh 74 6 8 Console A exe Ee Reg REN ERES Ex E Xn e xe oe tn 75 6 8 1 Display paths for console ROM and GROMs 00cccccocccc ranan 75 6 8 2 Change paths for console ROM and GROMs cece eee nrnna 76 6 8 3 Configure 99 4A console ROM and GROMs 0 cece cent e eee 77 6 8 4 Configure 99 4A v2 2 console ROM and GROMS 0 cece o 77 6 8 5 Configure 99 4 console ROM and GROMS c cece eee nrnna 77 6 8 6 Configure OPA SOB console ROM and GROMs 00c cence eee 78 6 8 7 Configure CDC console ROM and GROMs 0oococcccccc eese 78 6 9 Peripherals lk xh
117. ed YES R W Flag read write InthisexampleP C99 is set up to useaTI controller TheTI controller can neither access DSK 4 nor deal with a DSDD disk file so it is flagged bad With a TI controller this is a legal configuration and no warnings are generated when the configuration is saved to disk PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 6 8 Change disk paths Thenext menu is displayed Change path for DSK1 Change path for DSK2 Change path for DSK3 Change path for DSK4 Display NPC99NDSK directory Na NR 6 6 8 1 Change path for DSK1 Current DSK1 DSK1 PC99 DSK DSK1 Path good Size 260240 bytes good R W Flag read write New path You should enter the DOS path to the TI disk file If either the path or the size of the file is wrong the path will not be changed However it is permissible to set up a Myarc formatted DSDD using a TI disk controller This is analogous to placing a physical DSDD diskette in a drive connected to a TI disk controller You may do this physically but the controller will not be ableto usethe disk In this case CFG EXE will warn you with WARNING Using DSDD disk file with TI controller Similar screens are displayed for DSK 2 DSKA 6 6 8 2 Display PC99 DSK directory This displays all files in the PC99 DSK directory and sub directories as an aidtofindingthefilename of the DSK file you wish to use 6 6 9 Change disk attached flags Thenext menu is displayed Chang
118. enot output except for 0x09 tab Non ASCII charactersare output as nn Thisutility allows you to exchangefiles between TI Writer anda P C word processor such as WordP erfect Toload the converted file into WordP erfect gt wp output file gt WordPerfect will report Document conversion in progress and then display the file In WordP erfect for Windows usethe File menu to Open thefile A dialog box will display sayingthefile isin ASCII format Click OK and it will beimported 8 8 4 DIS EXE Disassembles E A5 files and E A5 files that have been joined by EA5J OIN EXE If you have an E A5 program that consists of more than one program file for example TELCO TELCP TELCQ use EA5J OIN EXE to create a singlefilefrom these You can then useDI S E XE to disassemble the complete program Thesyntax for DIS EXE is gt dis file to disassemble base addr outfile ctl file dataflag lt file to disassemble gt can be a single E A5 file or the output of EA5J OIN EXE base addr gt is usually gt A000 but can be set to any value you want base addr gt should match the valuein thefile being disassembled This value can befound in thefirst or only file you extracted with DSKOUT EXE at offset 20104 and 70105 For example in theprogramRiver RaidfromT horn EMI the two extracted files areRIVERRES 1andRIVERRES 2 Thefirst extracted fileis RIVERRES_1 If you useDUMP EXE on RIVERRES 1 you will findthevalues
119. er You should have a genuine Sound Blaster installed if you use this value 6 18 9 Toggle startup info u The switch is u or u At the DOS prompt if you type gt cfg u and the display startup info is NO it will beset to YES 6 18 10 Display system status y The switch is y or y At the DOS prompt if you type gt cfg y the current status of the system variables will be displayed 112 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 19 How to generate a default PC99 CFG file CFGGEN EXE If your PC99 CF G file becomes damaged you can create a new default filethat can then be configured to your system You use the utility CF GGEN EXE which lives in PC99W TIL The syntax is cfggen config file name Example T o create a new default configuration file for P C99 a cd Npc99 copy pc99 cfg pc99old cfg pc99 util cfggen pc99 cfg V VV NM Thissavestheold configuration fileand creates a new onein the P C99 directory CF GGE N E XE displays each configuration section created the number of items in each and a total count of items in the configuration file 113 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 99 4A emulator This section covers the use of PC99 E XE the 99 4A emulator 7 1 Loading PC99 This section assumes you have installed P C99 on your C hard drive using theinstructions supplied with the P C99 master disk If you have used another drive then substitute that letter To load P C99 from the DO
120. er for Windows 3 1 16 bit or Windows 95 98 32 bit Acrobat R Reader copyright C 1987 1996 Adobe Systems I ncorporated All rights reserved Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems ncorporated 120 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 8 3 Using MECHAXB DSK The following illustrates one of the recommended methods Note This method will destroy the contents of DSK 1 C cd pc99 dsk copy mechaxb dsk dskl C s pc99 V VV VM PC99 will load Press any key at theTI title screen then press 2 for Mechatronic Extended Basicll Plus At the XB II prompt gt CALL APESOFT gt OLD DSK1 3083SPIRAL gt RUN This will produce a high resolution square spiral CaDD Electronics would liketo acknowledge the generosity of M echatronic Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH amp Co D 71065 Sindelfingen Germany in allowing us to distribute its copyrighted software as shareware Y ou are requested to contribute 5 00 to Mechatronic if you use it We would also like to thank Carsten Ziepke and Charles Good for their help in putting together this package 121 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 9 PC99 debugger Y ou access the P C99 debugger by pressing Esc at any time TheTI application is suspended and the debugger displays a question mark prompt and waits for input T hedebugger screen displayed depends on the debugger mode T he initial debugger mode is set with CFG E XE There are five debugger mod
121. eral device service routine DSR works Because the P C99 debugger does not use any TI memory you can debug any TI application no matter how large No TI debugger running on a standard 4A can do this PC99 User Manual Stage 6 2 2 2 PC99 utilities PC99 includes the following utilities ART EXE allows you to display TI Artist files in DOS CF G EXE allows you to configure P C99 CF GGEN EXE allows you to generate a clean configuration file DUMP EXE allows you to dump a DOS filein hex and ASCII DUMPROM EXE allows you dump a TI ROM in hex to an ASCII file GREAD EXE allows you to strip unwanted trailers off files GSTRIP EXE allows you to strip unwanted headers off files PATCH EXE allows you to make patches to ROMs and GROMs 2 2 3 PC99 disk utilities PC99 includes the following disk utilities DSKCHECK EXE allows you check the integrity of a TI disk DSKDIR EXE allows you to cataloga TI disk from DOS DSKDUMP E XE allows you to dump the data of a TI disk DSKFIND EXE finds a disk manager filename using a wildcard selection of disk files DSKIN EXE allows you to take a DOS fileand storeit in a TI disk DSKMERGE EXE allows you to merge files transferred from a 99 4A system into aTI disk DSKNAME EXE allows you to renamea TI disk from DOS DSKOUT EXE allows you to extract a filefroma TI disk and storeit as a standalone DOS file DSKOUTF EXE allows you to extract Forth screens from a
122. es 0 through 31 displays the following information sprite number y position x position name pattern code early clock color addressin attributetable and pattern number used by sprite 7 10 32 sprc Sprite colors For each of the 32 sprites 0 through 31 displays the sprite number and corresponding sprite color 0 through 15 7 10 33 sprd Sprites draw Each of the 32 sprites 0 through 31 is displayed graphically in color On the first pass the sprites are drawn from the VDP tables Press lt Enter gt and the sprites are drawn from theinternal structures used by PC99 to maintain sprites Thetwo displays should bethe same T his command allows you to see which sprites an application uses Unused sprites will have random patterns 148 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 10 34 spri Sprite intersector arrays Displaysthecontents of the PC99 spriteintersector arrays 192 x 256 pixels For each of the 192 vertical rows 0 through 191 the column valueis shown together with the number of coincidences on the row If two sprites each have an overlapping on pixel intersection there is a coincidence 7 10 35 ss Show status A typical display is RS232 1 PC COMI irq 4 address 0x03f8 RS232 2 not mapped to PC COM port PIO 1 PC LPT1 irq 7 address 0x0378 Delay value 1 0 Delay value 2 0 Speech quality 1 Press lt Enter gt to continue 7 10 36 ssq Set speech quality 1 Standard This matches the q
123. es available Mode 0 P C99 displays a standard TI screen in 320 x 200 PC mode Nothing is displayed in the 64 pixel area to theright of theTI screen Thedebugger prompt is displayed at the bottom right of theT screen Mode 1 P C99 displays a standard TI screen in 320 x 200 PC mode VDP and peripheral status information is displayed in the 64 pixel area to the right of theT screen ROW 1 c M These characters are displayed in rapid succession to create a spinning wheel When the wheel is spinning the keyboard CRU lines are active If not displayed the wheel can be turned on with the debugger command kbon ROW 2 c PC99 The c is the ASCII representation of the last key pressed on the keyboard P C99 is the product name ROW 3 vYYMMDD version number useful for customer support ROW 4 Blank ROW 5 Disp on off TheT screen display ison or off depending on the value in VDP R1 When the display is off PC99 does not update the TI screen ROW 6 Mode Bit Gra Mul Txt The current graphics mode bitmap graphics multicolor or text ROW 7 Scn 4 digit hex address The base address of the VDP screen image table ROW 8 Col 4 digit hex address The base address of the VDP color table ROW 9 Pat 4 digit hex address The base address of the VDP pattern name table ROW 10 Blank ROW 11 D C No TI Gu My The Disk Controller peripheral T ypecan beNo TI Gu ion or My arc ROW 12 RSp No TI Gu The R
124. ess than 0x20 and greater than 0x7f arenot output N on ASCII characters are therefore not output All characters output will bein the ASCI 1 range0x20 through Ox7f If no mode is specified then mode 0 is used mode 1 all characters are output Non ASCII characters are output as nn mode 2 characters less than 0x20 are not output Non ASCII characters are output as nn mode 3 characters greater than Ox7f arenot output Non ASCII characters are output as nn This utility allows you to exchangefiles between the TI p System and PC p Systems 8 11 Importing DOS files to a TI file system DSKIN EXE 170 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 DSKIN EXE will takea DOS file and storeit in a TI disk The DOS file must have been prepared by a program that builds a TI File Descriptor Record FDR asthefirst 256 bytes of the file DSKIN EXE should only be used with a blank TI disk such as a copy of FMT21 DSK or FMT22 DSK DSKIN EXE stores the input file in contiguous sectors starting at sector gt 022 DSKIN EXE does not know how to create fractured files This means you cannot use successive iterations of DSKIN EXE to import multiple files After you have imported a file with DSKIN EXE the file must be copied to another disk using a disk manager such as Disk Manager 2 or DM 1000 DSKIN E XE attempts to fill the sector bitmap correctly but this may not be reliable You can then copy FMT21 DSK or FMT 22 DSK over the import disk and im
125. f your AUTOEXEC BAT and CONFIG SYS files during boot by pressing F8 With previous versions of DOS you must rename your AUTOEXEC BAT and CONFIG SYS files and re boot your PC In Windows 95 you can press F8 and then select Previous version of DOS if available 11 3 Not enough memory to run PC99 Most of thecurrent DOS applications on your PC run in what is called real mode Real modehasa severe limitation in that even with an advanced 486 or Pentium processor you cannot have a program larger than around 600K This is the so called 640K DOS barrier Torun larger programs you can switch the processor into what is called protected mode This is quite hard for a program to do since if it uses any DOS function such as reading a file the program must switch back into real mode As a result program developers such as CaDD Electronics tend to buy this capability from a third party These switching programs are usually called DOS extenders and require a 386 or better processor PC99 uses the Rational Systems DOS extender to switch your PC into protected mode This allows the processor to directly address all available memory in your PC Rational Systems attempts to load P C99 abovethefirst 4M b of extended memory in your P C H owever if you only have4M b of memory then you also need to free up as much conventional memory as possible Conventional memory is thefirst 1M b of your memory space On a modern multi media P C device driver
126. figuration and you want those changes in effect the next time you start P C99 you must savethe changes At the main menu select 12 Save Thenext menu is displayed 1 Save configuration 2 Save configuration and quit 6 13 1 Save configuration A typical display is hecking configuration hecking RS232 hecking sound hecking joysticks hecking system variables hecking disks hecking keyboard hecking console ROM and GROMs hecking peripherals hecking module count hecking modules hecking colors aving PC99 CFG to PC99 CFX 1 file s copied Write complete Q00000000000000 CFG EXE checksto seethat all values are within range F or example it would bean error for thedefault debug mode to be less than 0 or greater than 4 For files CF G EXE checks to see if they can be accessed For disks ROMs and GROMs thefile sizes are checked The existing PC99 CFG is copied to PC99 CF X Then thenew PC99 CFG fileis created This allows you to recover the old configuration if you need it 6 13 2 Save configuration and quit Thisisidentical to a Save configuration except that you arereturned to DOS after the file PC99 CF G is written to disk This is the preferred way to exit CFG E XE TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 14 Defaults You can configure PC99 to use default values This could be useful if you have been playing with CF G EXE or you need to get the co
127. for theserial portteststo work P referably theloopback connector should have LEDs for DTR DSR RTS and CTS serial lines At the main menu select 14 Test The next menu is displayed Transmit receive test Modem control register test Terminal emulation test Mouse driver test Ss UN EP 6 15 1 Transmit receive test The next menu is displayed 1 Test PC COM 1 2 Test PC COM 2 3 Test PC COM 3 4 Test PC COM 4 5 Test PC COM 5 MCA only 6 Test PC COM 6 MCA only 7 Test PC COM 7 MCA only 8 Test PC COM 8 MCA only f you select 1 Baud rate for test 1 110 2 150 3 300 4 600 5 1200 6 2400 7 4800 8 9600 9 19200 102 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 f you select 8 the PC COM 1 port is set to 9600 baud Next the string PC99 transmit receive text is transmitted out of COM 1 one byte at a time Each byte travels around the loopback bit by bit and is received by COM 1 When thereceived bits are re assembled into a byte CFG EXE receives an interrupt that a character is waiting at COM 1 CF G EXE reads the character and displays it on the screen At the end of transmission the transmitted string is compared to the received string If they match the port is supported by P C99 at the tested rate Note The character is ASCII 240 and can be keyed by holding lt Alt gt and pressing 2 4 and 0 on the numeric keypad This character is used as part of thetest sinceit
128. ge consists of 1 Files representing the Mechatronic Extended Basic I Plus command module 2 An Adobe Acrobat pdf file containing the Mechatronic Extended Basic II Plus manual 3 A PC99 dsk file mechaxb dsk containing all the examples in the manual These files were stored on your hard drive during P C99 installation 7 8 1 Loading XBIl Tousethe XBII module C cd Npc99 cfg m mecha pc99 V VV NM 7 8 2 Reading XBll documentation The XB II manual is supplied as an Adobe Acrobat 3 0 portable document format pdf file You must be running Windows 3 1 Windows 95 or Windows 98 and have the Adobe Acrobat Reader or Adobe Acrobat Exchange to view pdf files The Acrobat Reader is available free from Adobe Systems Incorporated or can be ordered from CaDD Electronics on 3 5 disk at a nominal charge ToviewtheXBII 4 manual start theAcrobat Reader andthen useits File menu to open the mechaxb pdf file pc99 doc mechaxb pdf When the manual is displayed you can Acrobat to Search for any text in the document and print the document using your Windows printer driver If you do not have a copy of the Adobe Acrobat Reader or Adobe Acrobat E xchange you can download the Reader from Adobe s web site at www adobe com Alternatively CaDD can supply you with a 3 disk set containingtheReader for 5 00 T his chargecovers cost of duplication disks and postage T heReader softwareisfree Pleasestatewhether you requiretheAcrobat Read
129. gt 034b Make a copy of the original file and then use PATCH EXE to make the actual patch The syntax for PATCH EXE is patch input file output file offset old value new value All values arein hex Cc cd pc99 modules copy p1300r0 rom p1300r0 org pc99 util patch p1300r0 org p1300r0 rom 34b 7 1 V VV NM If PATCH EXE does not find the expected value it will report the error If you have to make a lengthy patch create a batch file and use temporary intermediate files Note The above patch has been made to the file supplied with P C99 177 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 14 Converting Command Modules To convert a TI Command Module you must have A GRAM device such as the Gramulator A method of transferring files from the TI to the PC 8 14 1 GRAM devices The first commercial GRAM device was the Gram Kracker from Millers Graphics This is no longer in production TheGramulator fromCaDD Electronics offers even morecapability than theGram Kracker but is also no longer in production You need to follow theinstructions of your GRAM device manufacturer to dump a command module to disk Thesefiles havea format developed by Millers Graphics and extended by CaDD T heformat consists of a 6 byte header 8 bytes for MBX Byte 0 Oxff more files to load 0x00 last file Byte 1 Memory type GROM number RAM bank MBX RAM Bytes 2 3 Data length Bytes 4 5 TI load address Bytes 5
130. gt 106 gt 107 Thefirst valuetotheright of thedateisthestarting sector number in hex Thesecond valueistheending sector number in hex TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 6 11 5 Plato catalog f you catalog a Plato disk with the TI Disk Manager a typical display is No FDR Filename Size Type P 001 gt 002 1 7 DIS FIX 80 gt 022 006 Thisis dueto the protection schemeT uses on Plato disks You can catalog all of thefiles on aPlato disk including the hidden files A typical display is No FDR Filename Size Type P 001 gt 002 1 7 DIS FIX 80 gt 022 006 002 gt 006 DISKMENU 12 INT FIX 64 0de 011 003 gt 003 TBG1C11 148 INT FIX 64 gt 028 147 004 2004 TGDP111 36 INT FIX 64 gt 0bb 032 gt 0e9 003 005 gt 005 TIMENU 4 INT FIX 64 gt 0db 003 6 6 12 Select Plato disk This selection requires the following o Thefile CFGPLATO MNU must bein the directory that CFG EXE was started from e The directory P C99iDSK PLATO must exist Plato disks must be stored in PC99 DSK PLAT O in executable archive format e The Plato disks must match the TI numbering scheme exactly TheTI Plato disks were released under serial numbers P H D5201 through PH D5308 and comprised 508 disks The disks are classified by curriculum by subject by package and by disk Under P C99 you would requireat least 508 x 260 240 132 201 920 bytes of space 132M b on your hard driveto store all Plato disks To avoid thi
131. h a value and P C99 begins to count down When the count reaches zero the CRU lines are returned to their normal state P C99 will then fetch the next key press from the PC keyboard buffer The value that is loaded into the counter is the key age value By default this is set so that the PC keyboard responds as closely as possibleto aT keyboard Depending on the speed of your PC and on the TI application you arerunning you may wish to changethe default value When running P C99 you can also changethe key age value using the debugger TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER To display the default key age value 3 Display key age value Thenext screen is displayed Current value 1500 6 7 6 Change key age value To changethe default key age value 4 Change key age valu Thenext screen is displayed A typical sequence is Current value 1500 New value 0 5000 1750 New value 1750 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 8 Console TheT1I 99 4A console contains one8K ROM andthree6K GROMs Thecontents of the consoleROM and GROMs are stored in four DOS files When P C99 starts up it reads PC99 CFG to find out which files to load for the consoleROMs and GROMs You use CF G EXE to tell PC99 which DOS files to use to emulate the TI console At the main menu select 7 Console The next menu is displayed Display paths for console ROM and GROMs Change paths for console ROM and GROMs Configure 99 4A console ROM a
132. handle serial data at up to 9600 baud through two serial ports These are designated RS232 RS232 1 and RS232 2 on the primary card and RS232 3 and RS232 4 on the secondary card You use CF G EXE to map these emulated TI ports to physical PC COM ports The original IBM PC design with what came to be known as the Industry Standard Association ISA bus allowed for up to eight COM ports but only two were allocated I O addresses COM 1 and COM 2 Some third party manufacturers of PC serial cards allowed for COM3 and even COM4 but these cards make use of addresses not supported by I BM Later on IBM PS 2 machines with MicroChannel Architecture up to 8 COM ports were allowed but COM3 through COM 8 used 16 bit addresses PC99 permits the use of the following standard ports ISA bus PC MicroChannel PC Port Addr IRQ Port Addr IRQ COM1 Ox3f8 4 COM1 Ox3f8 4 COM2 0x2f8 3 COM2 Ox2f8 3 COM3 0x3e8 4 COM3 0x3220 3 COM4 0x2e8 3 COM4 0x3228 3 COM5 0x3320 3 COM6 0x3328 3 COM7 0x3420 3 COM8 0x3428 3 You use CF G EXE to tell PC99 how you want the COM ports on your PC mapped If you have a non standard COM port you can manually set the port address and I RQ At the main menu select 1 RS232 Thenext menu is displayed 1 Display RS232 mapping 2 Change RS232 mapping PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 2 1 Display RS232 mapping A typical display is RS232 1 port 1 Map to PC COM1 RS232 1 addr
133. has the most significant bit MSB on 6 15 2 Modem control register test Thenext menu is displayed 1 Test PC COM 1 2 Test PC COM 2 3 Test PC COM 3 4 Test PC COM 4 5 Test PC COM 5 MCA only 6 Test PC COM 6 MCA only 7 Test PC COM 7 MCA only 8 Test PC COM 8 MCA only If you select 1 CFG EXE attempts to set and clear DTR Data Terminal Ready on COM 1 and then set and dear RTS Request to Send A typical display is Port COMI open Setting DTR DIR set Press Enter to continue Clearing DTR DTR cleared Press Enter to continue Setting RTS RTS set Press Enter to continue Clearing RTS RTS cleared Port COMI closed Press Enter to continue 103 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Theappropriate LEDs on the loopback connector will light for each step 6 15 3 Terminal emulation test Thenext menu is displayed COM 1 COM 2 COM 3 COM 4 COM 5 MCA onl COM 6 MCA onl COM 7 MCA onl COM 8 MCA onl Baud rate for test Tas Test PC 2 Test PC 3 Test PC 4 Test PC 5 Test PC 6 Test PC hee Test PC 8 Test PC f you select 1 1 110 2 150 3 300 4 600 5 1200 6 2400 7 4800 8 9600 9 19200 K K K K If you select 5 CFG EXE clears the screen and displays Port COMI baud rate 1200 Press Esc to quit You are now in terminal emulation mode If you press a key the ASCII value of
134. hese two files aretheT assembler as supplied with the T exas Instruments E ditor Assembler package PHM 3055 9 3 BSCSUP This file is the Basic support package as supplied with the TI Editor Assembler 9 4 DEBUG This file is the 99 4 Debugger as supplied with the TI Editor Assembler 9 5 DM DM1 DM2 These three files are the Myarc Disk Manager Level IIl Supreme as supplied with the Myarc Disk Controller These files are supplied with permission from M yarc Inc Example To load the M yarc Disk Manager Level III Supreme Warning this will destroy DSK 1 ca cd pc99 dsk copy pc99 dsk dskl Gd sa cfg m editor pc99 V VV VV M Press a key Select 2 FOR EDITOR ASSEMBLER Select 3 TO LOAD AND RUN AttheFILE NAME prompt enter DSK 1 DM The Myarc Disk Manager Level III will load and display its title screen Note For documentation on how to use the Myarc Disk Manager Level Ill Supreme see pc99 doc mydmdoc padf Acrobat format or pc99 doc mydmdoc txt ASCII format 191 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 9 6 EDIT1 This file is the Editor as supplied with the TI Editor Assembler 9 7 FILETOPROG This fileis the Super Save utility This is a fairware program by Erik Olson 9 8 RSECTOR RSECT_O SECTLOAD_X WSECTOR WSECT_O These files are the PC99 Read Write Sector programs described in an earlier section 9 9 MMLOAD_M MMSAVE_M If you have the Mini Memory module these utilities al
135. ilecontains a module with the name dummy which contains a dummy ROM 0 and dummy GROMs 3 7 This module will load gt 00 at CPU addresses gt 6000 gt 7F FF and at GROM addresses gt 6000 F 7F F Loadingthis moduleistheequivalent of removingall modulesfromtheconsole cartridge slot If the module count is 1 and you load the dummy module the only entry on the TI master selection screen will be 1 TI BASIC 6 10 4 Check all modules screen report This allows you to check every filename listed in PC99 M OD Each fileis checked for access and for file size At the end a summary is given A typical display is Module 1 addition Module 2 adventure PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Module 159 wing war Module 160 zero zap Module count 160 Files not found 0 Files with bad sizes 0 out of 535 If there areerrors duringthecheck CF G E XE will display the error and wait for you to press Enter 6 10 5 Check all modules disk report Thenext screen is displayed Path for report file c NtmpN junk Thereport is written to thedisk filec tmp junk It containsthecurrent ti meand datefrom the P C ti me of day clock Each filename listed in PC99 MOD is checked for access and for file size If there are any errors these are recorded in the disk file At the end of thefile a report summary is given Note If thefile exists you will be given a chanceto overwrite or abort 6 10 6 Change module count
136. ion x e eap Se NE ud etur xe eeu hd E ebbe eed al 24 6 1 General information about using CFG EXE 0 0 ccc ects 25 6 2 RS292 Cc toes tao us tee RS D IRAN D ADR PAAR Ped e Ade pde 26 6 2 1 Display RS232 mapping occocccoccccccc s 27 6 2 2 Change RS232 mapping ssssssssseses s 27 6 2 2 1 Select PC COM port to map TI RS232 1to suus 28 6 2 2 2 Select PC COM port hardware addresS oooooccococooom 28 6 2 2 3 Select PC COM port hardwareinterrupt 00005 29 6 2 3 Change PO sn s hk a a aestu ce ioni ete ete eee a 30 6 2 3 1 Select PC LPT port to map TI PIO 1to luseeseeesss 30 6 2 3 2 Select PC LPT port hardware address ussuus 30 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 2 3 3 Select PC LPT port hardwareinterrupt 00005 31 6 3 S0und wns eee ieee x ek ex xx Eee EEE ERA RES XO Eee EGO EC eke eee 32 6 3 T Standard BG uos oe hence de re pe al reece re peste otis alten Sle C ee on 32 6 3 2 Sound Blaster tt bee ee ede etu Ded ode pede 32 6 3 3 Display sound Setting 0 2 0 cece es 33 6 3 4 Change sound Setting 0 eet teens 33 6 3 5 Sourid Blaster o oc ee eee sj 34 6 3 5 1 Display Sound Blaster status 0 cece cece eee eens 34 6 3 5 2 Display Sound Blaster register variables o ooooooo 34 6 3 5 3 Change Sound Blaster register variables o oooo ooooo 35 6 3 5 4 Di
137. is displayed 1 Display sound setting 2 Change sound setting 3 Sound Blaster 6 3 3 Display sound setting A typical display is Sound 0 No sound This shows that when using P C99 any sound sent to the emulated TI sound chip will not be heard 6 3 4 Change sound setting Thenext menu is displayed Sound 0 No sound 1 No sound 2 One channel sound using PC speaker 3 Sound Blaster 4 Sound Blaster compatible If you select 2 then P C99 will start up with sound enabled It will beone channel sound played using the PC speaker If you select 3 you must have a Creative Labs Sound Blaster CF G EXE will make specific checks for a Sound Blaster Note You will not be ableto select 3 unless you have a Creative Labs Sound Blaster installed If you select 4 you havea sound card that the manufacturer claims is compatible with the Creative Labs Sound Blaster CFG EXE will not perform any checks but will address the card as if it were a Sound Blaster TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 3 5 Sound Blaster Thenext menu is displayed Display Sound Blaster status Display Sound Blaster register variables Change Sound Blaster register variables Display Sound Blaster noise variables Change Sound Blaster noise variables Na NR 6 3 5 1 Display Sound Blaster status This check uses software routines from the Creative Labs Sound Blaster development kit First a check is made for the BLASTER environment variabl
138. is pressed T he default inactive color is Light Red Thelabel color is the color of an object label For example RO R1 etc are labels in the Workspace Registers object The default label color is Gray The breakpoint color is the color of a field in the Breakpoints object when a break occurs For example if a Breakpoint field contains PC 02b2 andtheP rogram Counter gets set to gt 02B2 then thefield will be set to this color The default breakpoint color is Cyan The value color is the color of the values in an object For example in the Workspace Registers object thelabel RO has a four digit hex value displayed to the right The default value color is White The prompt color is the color of the characters displayed on the last line of the screen PC99 User Manual Stage 6 The message color is the color of the characters displayed on the line above the last line on the screen f you select 1 a typical display is blocks of color are shown abovethe color name Mini title color 2 Medium Green 0 Transparent 1 Black 2 Medium Green 3 Light Green 4 Dark Blue 5 Light Blue 6 Dark Red 7 Cyan 8 Medium Red 9 Light Red 10 Dark Yellow 11 Light Yellow 12 Dark Green 13 Magenta 14 Gray 15 White New value 0 15 3 Mini title color 3 Light Green Similar displays let you changethe other colors Therearethree stacks on theMini Screen These are arrays that contain the following i
139. is section covers three You should try them in order E Run the TI Basic program under TI Extended Basic This will work if the TI Basic program does not use character sets 15 and 16 These are not available under Extended Basic If the TI Basic program uses these sets you will get BAD VALUE IN nnnn wherennnn is the line number N Reduce the number of disk buffers Select TI Basic gt CALL FILES 1 OLD DSK1 lt program name gt RUN angy 193 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 3 Save and load the program from Mini Memory Thistechniqueloads the program from disk and then saves it to Mini Memory EXPMEM2 The disk controller is then turned off with a CALL LOAD and the program is loaded from EXPMEM2 a Load the Mini Memory module b Select TI Basic C CALL FILES 1 d OLD DSK 1 program name gt e SAVE EXPMEM2 f CALL LOAD 31888 63 255 no VDP RAM for disk buffers g NEW h OLD EXPMEM2 i RUN 9 10 XLATE X This fileis a version of the program that was first published in Micropendium 2 11 49 This program converts a Basictext file into merge format 194 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 10 PC99 patches A PC99 patch is defined as a changeto an original TI file Thefollowing patches areincorporated in this release In therareand unlikely case that some TI application depends on the instruction order in the original ROMsor GROMs you can usetheP C99 PAT CH EXE utility torestoretheoriginal RO
140. isk you want to transfer in a drive For a TI controller the disk must be SSSD or DSSD For the Myarc controller the disk can be SSSD DSSD or DSDD On the 4A At the RSECTOR prompt Source DSK 1 press lt Enter gt to accept the default or edit the 1 and enter 1 2 3 or 4 to tell RSECTOR the source drive number the drive number with the disk you want to transfer RSECTOR will read the disk display the name and determine the number of sectors to transfer SSSD 360 DSSD 720 DSDD 1440 Onthe4A AttheRSECTOR prompt Destination RS232 BA 9600 press Enter to accept the default or edit the field On thePC Assume you are going to copy the 4A disk to DSK2 First cd to PC99 DSK and save your DSK 1 and DSK 2 files if necessary On the PC In PC99 DSK gt copy pc99 dsk dsk1 This is the disk you will use to load the WSECT OR utility from under PC99 152 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 On the PC If copying a DSSD disk gt copy fmt21 dsk dsk2 If copying a DSDD disk gt copy fmt22 dsk dsk2 This ensures you have a blank disk of matching size for the target On the PC Load PC99 with the Editor Assembler since it is faster than using Extended Basic From E A5 load DSK 1 WSECTOR On thePC At the WSECTOR prompt Source RS232 BA 9600 press E nter to accept the default or edit the field On the PC At the WSECTOR prompt Destination DSK1 edit the default 1 and enter 2 WSECTOR will dis
141. isks DSKMERGE EXE 0c ccc eee ee eens 154 8 2 1 PC Transfer example o oooococccoc tees 154 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 3 Checking a PC99 disk DSKCHECK EXE sseesereee mh 156 8 4 Cataloging a PC99 disk DSKDIR EXE ssseseeeeee eh 157 8 5 Dumping a PC99 disk DSKDUMP EXE o ooocccccccccoc 159 8 6 Finding a TI filename DSKFIND EXE sssesee Hm 160 8 7 Renaming a PC99 disk DSKNAME EXE sssssseeee eh 162 8 8 Extracting a TI file DSKOUT EXE sssssssseeee e eee 163 8 8 1 DSKOUT format i iol exe x x x x e E Ede XB 163 8 8 2 BAS2ASCG EXE i ode ceo tr voro ew poete ceca ce ne 164 8 8 3 DVBO2AS CE XE vdore ae hee leat eal ae te J sed 164 88 4 DIS EXE iu nons dE Manu id gene iecit 165 8 85 EAS OIN EXE ooooccoccccocc ehh re 167 3 8 0 EAC2ASC EXE Leste botte sata bog 167 8 8 7 EAU 2ASC EXE cited eet eed x epe de eletbed i ore deban 167 9 80 IV2A SC EX E cto otro uera ia t di hee duet IE 168 8 8 9 MRG2ASCEXE voceros ene x EX x a Vey e Y EE Xen 168 8 9 Extracting TI Forth screens DSKOUTF EXE 0 cece cence eens 169 8 10 Extracting p System files DSKOUTP EXE 0 0 cece cette eee 170 81031 PAS2ASC EXE zoe eed peo ED SR REDE mE 170 8 11 Importing DOS files to a TI filesystem DSKIN EXE sseesereenn 170 LLI ASC2DV80 EXE usos etm eet ee eb Pret o gel e reet 171 8 1L2 BIN2PGM EXE ssssssses
142. k 1 fire lt Ctrl F5 gt J oystick 2 left fire lt Ctrl F 6 gt J oystick 2 right fire lt Ctrl F 7 gt J oystick 2 up fire lt Ctrl F 8 gt J oystick 2 down fire lt Ctrl F 9 gt J oystick 2 fire lt Ctrl F 10 gt TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER If you havea PC joystick connected and you have enabled it with CF G EXE the mapped joystick keys are disabled 6 7 2 Special keys You can make use of a standard PC feature to input certain keystrokes not detected by the BI OS You press and hold the lt Alt gt key enter a three digit sequence on the numeric keypad and then release the lt Alt gt key For this releasethe following combinations are recognized lt Alt gt 1 2 9 Esc 0x1b lt Alt gt 1 3 0 lt Ctrl 1 gt lt Alt gt 1 3 1 lt Ctrl 2 gt lt Alt gt 1 3 2 lt Ctrl 3 gt lt Alt gt 1 3 3 lt Ctrl 4 gt lt Alt gt 1 3 4 lt Ctrl 5 gt lt Alt gt 1 3 5 lt Ctrl 6 gt lt Alt gt 1 3 6 lt Ctrl 7 gt lt Alt gt 1 3 7 lt Ctrl 8 gt lt Alt gt 1 3 8 lt Ctrl 9 gt Alt 1 3 9 lt Ctrl 0 gt lt Alt gt 1 4 0 lt Ctrl gt used in Funnelweb For the p System lt Ctrl End gt CTRL Esc lt Ctrl C gt CTRL C ETX You use CFG EXE to tell PC99 what DOS file to useto emulatetheTI keyboard The file PC994A K EY is used if you areemulatingtheT 99 4A An optional file PC994 K EY isavailableif you have purchased the 99 4 ROMs and are emulating the TI 99 4 PC994A K EY is an internal forma
143. l A standard PC has only one sound channel P C99 only emulates TI sound channel 1 Thisisa PC limitation PC with Sound Blaster Fully emulated The three TI sound channels are played on Sound Blaster channels 1 2 and 3 The maximum frequency is 16 384Hz Thisis a Sound Blaster limitation TheTI noise channel is played on Sound Blaster channels 7 8 and 9 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER TI 99 4A TI console joystick port TI console cassette port TI console command module port TI command module bank switching TI GROMs TI console keyboard TI memory map TI 32K memory expansion card Standard PC Fully emulated using PC ALT function keys F 1 gt F 10 gt PC with game port Fully emulated Depending on the hardware up to two PC joysticks can be connected to the game port ThePC joysticks are used to emulatethe actions of TI joysticks Partially emulated A SAVE CS1 creates a DOS disk file You cannot load this file with OLD CS1 You cannot save or load to CS2 In PC99 a TI command module consists of one or more DOS files These are loaded into PC memory You change a command module by running the P C99 configuration utility CF G E XE Almost all TI manufactured command modules are fully emulated under P C99 The same applies to third party command modules No lockups due to bad contacts can occur TI DataBioTics MBX and Mechatronics bank switching schemes arefully emulated Some
144. lay is OFF and you want it on and V1 contains gt 80 Edit V1 to contain 2 CO This turns on bit 1 the blank enable disable bit One placeto try this is during the power up sequence 7 10 10 9 VDP Status This object represents the VDP status byte HX This two digit field is an eight bit representation of the VDP Status Byte This one bit field isthe VDP interrupt flag It is set if a VDP interrupt has occurred 5 This one bit field is the five sprites flag It is set if there are five or more sprites on a line C Thisone bit field isthespritecoincidenceflag Set if two or moresprites haveoverlapping pixels 5 SprNum This five bit field is the fifth sprite number This value is shown in binary and decimal 7 10 10 10 IntCt Thetopfieldshowsthenumber of instructionsthat areexecuted beforea VDP interrupt issimulated The default for this value is set with CFG EXE under System Change System Variables Change VDP Interrupt Count Thevaluein this field is editable and should bein therange 100 65000 T hesmaller the value of the VDP Interrupt Count the more VDP interrupts occur in unit time You can also set this field by using the z command at the debugger prompt The bottom field shows the value of the counter which counts down to zero from the value displayed in thetop field The value in this field is editable and should bein the range 100 65000 You can set this to belarger than the valuein thetop field and thecountdown will
145. level functions in the disk controller chip disk on a disk gt must be 92 160 bytes lt PC99 dsk file gt must be 260 240 bytes You can use F MT 21 DSK to create a blank file 1 verbose will print out the sector number being processed The output of this file is a PC99 dsk file which can be used without further processing 175 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 12 Dumping a TI ROM DUMPROM EXE UseDUMPROM EXE a programthat lives in P C9IAUTIL todump aTI ROM to a readable ASCII file gt c gt cd pc99 util gt dumprom pc99 modules con4ar0 rom tmp junk DUMPROM EXE will read the ROM header and find the base address and length The output is in the form base address hex contents base address 2 hex contents Usean ASCII editor to look at the output file 176 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 13 Patching a TI ROM or GROM PATCH EXE Use PATCH EXE a program that lives in PC99 UTIL to make one byte patches to files Example Shows how the original RS232 ROM file was patched Location Old New 24344 0007 0001 First removethe base address value of the ROM to calculate the offset into the file 24344 gt 4000 gt 0344 Add to this offset the six extra bytes in a ROM file containing the T file header gt 0344 gt 0006 gt 034a Finally since the patch is to the low order byte and the high order byte does not change add one more for the correct offset gt 034a gt 0001
146. low you to load and save the contents of the Mini Memory RAM to disk The file MINIMEM_D isa copy of the Line By Line Assembler tape that Texas Instruments supplied with the Mini Memory This tape includes the Line By Line Assembler and the LINES demo program To load the tape into the Mini Memory Cs cd pc99 dsk copy pc99 dsk dskl WARNING Will destroy current DSK1 cd pc99 cfg m mini memory pc99a VVVVNV NV Select 1 TI BASIC At the BASIC prompt OLD DSK1 MMLOAD M RUN The program will prompt you for a fileto load DSK1 MINIMEM D The tape is now loaded into the Mini Memory RAM To start theLine By Line Assembler 192 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Press FCTN to quit tothe TI TitleScreen Press any key Select 3 MINI MEMORY Select 2 RUN PROGRAM NAME NEW The Assembler is loaded Torun theLINES demo program enter LINES instead of NEW 9 9 1 Loading large TI Basic programs TI Basicprogramscannot useM emory E xpansion E xtended Basic programs can useM emory E xpansion TI Basic programs are stored in VDP memory which contains buffer areas used by the Disk Controller Because of this a large TI Basic program that runs on a cassette system may not have sufficient VDP memory to run on a disk system If you load such a program from disk and RUN you will get MEMORY FULL IN nnnn where nnnn is the line number There area number of ways to overcome this Th
147. manager b DSKDIR EXE will display sector O information in byte format T he header bytes are displayed according to their use and show values in hex decimal and ASCII where appropriate Example scs gt cd pc99 dsk gt dskutil dskdir dsk1 b DSKDIR EXE will display file information only in a format similar to the Tl Disk Manager Example gt c gt cd pc99 dsk gt dskutil dskdir dskl d DSKDIR EXE will display filenames only Example 28 gt cd pc99 dsk gt dskutil dskdir dskl f Must beused with another switch typically d T his suppressestheheader lineabovethedirectory listing andis designed to be used when listing multiple disks so that the output can be combined and sorted when building a library of program names Example gt c gt cd pc99 dsk gt dskutil dskdir dskl d h 157 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Im DSKDIR EXE will display a map showing used and unused sectors The size of the map depends on whether the disk is SSSD DSSD or DSDD Example gt c gt cd pc99 dsk gt dskutil dskdir dskl m n DSKDIR EXE will display filenames followed by the disk name This can be used to build a file containing filenames from many disks and then sorting them Example c cd pc99 dsk dskutil dskdir dsk1 n gt tmp junk dskutil dskdir dsk2 n gt gt tmp junk dskutil dskdir dsk3 n gt gt tmp junk sort lt tmp junk
148. me things around Look at the sample file above P C99 needs access to things likeHIMEM SYS and your FILES and BUFFERS settings T ry to weed out thingsthat P C99 will not use Theruleis put things that both standard and pc99 need into common blocks and then separate out the other items A good but tiresome way to do this is move one thing at a time Fortunately you probably only need to do this procedure once When you makea change reboot the PC and makesureeverything works I f you select pc99 you should also confirm that you are freeing memory gt mem c The value shown under Largest executable program should be growing Now add the GOTO CONF1IG entry and labels in your AUTOEXEC BAT file Again arrange items into blocks In the example file selecting pc99 does not load the mouse driver in AUTOEXEC BAT Keepupthis procedureuntil you findthat Rational Systems loads P C99 and does not complain T hen you will have a startup menu that allows you to run your standard PC along with P C99 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 11 4 Can t open COMn Y ou have mapped a TI RS232 port to a non existent PC COM port PC99triedtoopen the port and failed Themappingis doneusing CF G EXE You must run CF G E XE select RS232 and edit the entries so that they match your physical PC For example if you do not have a COM2 you can enter a value of 1 for TI RS232 2 use COM 1 or 0 don t useTI RS232 2 11 5 Can t open DSKn PC99
149. mmended Note The Basic program must be a program imagefile or elsethetransfer will fail You cannot transfer Extended BasicI NT VAR 254 files Trying a similar transfer between two 4A systems will fail too This isa limitation of theTI system in that the file to be transferred must fit in VDP memory 118 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 6 Controlling sound in PC99 When PC99 is running you can turn sound on or off If sound is on and you want it off Press Esc to go to the debugger At the debugger prompt type soff sound off Any sound in progress is stopped instantly Press lt c gt to continue You arereturnedto the application screen Sound is now disabled If sound is off and you want it on Press Esc to go to the debugger At the debugger prompt type son sound on Press c to continue You arereturned to the application screen Sound is now enabled 7 7 PC99 card ThePC99 card isa software only peripheral that can beenabled with CF G E XE Software onl y means that this card does not emulate a real piece of TI or third party hardware However when PC99 is running it sees this card as a normal peripheral based at CRU address gt 1B00 The card has a Device ServiceRoutine DSR Thedefault DSR supplied by CaDD includes support for a real timeclock Y ou can add to or replacethis DSR with onethat you create When you enable the P C99 card with CF G E XE you can access a real time clock from
150. mpt Command s to single step once more and execution will resume at the address after thesaved last instruction before the load interrupt was issued For normal use auser written program is loaded in memory theload vector isset to point tothe program entry point and then the load interrupt command can be issued 7 10 17 mod Mini screen objects disable all Example T o disable all mini screen objects mod Thetitles of all enabled objects change color to their disabled state 7 10 18 moe Mini screen objects enable all Example T o enable all mini screen objects moe The titles of all disabled objects change color to their enabled state Since each object has to be dynamically updated P C99 will run relatively slowly 145 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 19 Q Quit PC99 and return to DOS Example Q PC99 exits and the DOS prompt is displayed All data in TI memory is lost 7 10 20 s Single step PC99 will execute one TI instruction and then return to the debugger command prompt Example S All Mini Screen objects are updated 7 10 21 S Single step without having to press lt Enter gt PC99 will execute one TI instruction and then return to the debugger command prompt Example S no lt Enter gt All Mini Screen objects are updated 7 10 22 sca Set CRU address e g 1100 The address space gt 4000 gt 5F FF is reserved for ROMs in peripheral cards A ROM is paged into the address spa
151. n Note If you havea previous version of P C99 you should back up all existing files before starting install One way to do this is Qe cd mkdir pc99bak xcopy pc99 pc99bak s e v deltree pc99 V VV VM This creates a pc99bak directory copies all files and sub directories in the pc99 directory to pc99bak and then removes the pc99 directory n the xcopy command s means copy sub directories e means copy empty files and v means verify the copy In later versions of DOS you can simply movethe directory SUO gt cd N move pc99 pc99bak PC99issupplied on threedisks numbered 1 2 and 3 Each hasits own install program INSTALL 1 EXE INSTALL2 E XE and INSTALL3 EXE respectively You must install disk 1 first then disk 2 and then disk 3 For each install program the syntax is install 1 3 source drive A Z gt target drive A Z gt where install 1 3 isINSTALL1 EXE if you areinstallingdisk 1 INSTALL 2 EXE if you areinstalling disk 2 and INSTALL 3 EXE if you areinstalling disk 3 lt source drive A Z gt is the letter of the floppy drive no colon you will install from Example A lt target drive A Z gt is the letter of the hard drive no colon you will install to Example C TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Example Toinstall PC99 from theA floppy drivetotheC hard drive insert the P C99 distribution disk lin driveA At the DOS prompt gt a cd N gt inst
152. n tmp fred ti dsk2 o If you now load TI Writer you will be able to catalog DSK2 and see the single file FRED In addition you can useTI Writer to open thefileand edit it and the TI Disk Manager to copy the fileto another disk 8 11 2 BIN2PGM EXE Takesa DOS binary filecontainingaTI Basic or Extended Basicfilein PROGRAM format and converts it for use with DSKIN EXE Thesyntax for BIN2PGM EXE is bin2pgm infile outfile TI filename strip lt infile gt is the DOS binary file containing the PROGRAM file you wish to storein the T disk lt outfile gt is the output file created by BIN2PGM EXE TI filename istheTI filename you want the converted fileto have when it is cataloged on theT disk This filename must follow TI conventions and cannot be longer than 10 characters strip is the number of header bytes on the downloaded file to skip Defaults to 128 172 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Example You have downloaded a file from a bulletin board called DOWNLOAD that has a 128 byte header and contains a program called TUNNEL X Thefileisin XT MP 1 Save the current disk in DSK 1 2x gt cd pc99 dsk gt copy dskl mydisk dsk 2 Ensurethereis a blank disk in DSK 1 gt copy fmt21 dsk dsk1 3 Convert the downloaded file There is no need to givea strip value sinceit defaults to 128 gt pc99 dskutil bin2pgm tmp download tmp download ti tunnel x 4 Run DSKIN E XE gt po99 dskutil dskin tmp
153. n a ROM only cartridge Thus if you enable this feature and load Moon Patrol the TI selection list will only show 1 TI BASIC To run ROM only cartridges you must disable this feature Bad cartridges TI published a specification for cartridge development One of the rules included that the cartridge had the responsibility of determining its GROM base address and not just assuming that it was 29800 Some cartridges including those developed by TI did not follow these rules These cartridges will cause problems when this feature is enabled To run these cartridges you must disablethis feature Combining non standard features If you combine too many non standard features such as enabling multiple ROM banks with say an OPA console the interacting components may causethe emulation codeto fail It is unlikely that CaDD will attempt to fix problems caused by thesesituations provided theemulation of each feature works when this feature is disabled TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 11 Color ATI screen contains 256w x 192h pixels n bitmap mode all on pixelsin a group of 8 pixels modulo from left can be one of 16 TI colors All off pixels can be one of 16 TI colors This means that in any group of 8 pixels there can only be two colors PC99 emulates this by driving the VGA screen in 320w x 200h mode Although the PC allows each pixel to be one of 16 colors PC99 emulates the TI scheme You useCF G EXE tochangetheRGB red gree
154. n blue components of each PC color until they match the TI color as closely as possible The accuracy of the match depends on your eye surrounding conditions and the quality of your VGA display and monitor card At the main menu select TOn Color The next menu is displayed 1 Change TI colors If you select 1 the screen shows 16 colors corresponding to the 16 TI colors You can moveto a color by using the cursor keys The current color is underlined You can changetheRGB values of a color by usingtheR G and B keys Shift a key toincreasethe amount of color and usethe unshifted key to decrease the amount of color You can change the RGB values simultaneously by using the A key Use shift A to increase each RGB value for a color and unshift A to decrease each RGB value for a color Press lt F 1 gt to get a help screen Press lt F 10 gt torestorethe colors to their default values Although you can adjust all thecolors it isnot advisableto adjust colors 0 and 1fromtheir default values Press q or Esc to exit the color screen and return to the menu Before you quit CFG EXE you should savethe configuration When PC99 isloaded it will usethe new color values PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 12 Status You can display the status of all variables that can beset or changed using CF G EXE A variable can be a number such as the default debug mode or a string such as the path to the keyboard file At th
155. nd number of sectors together with the corresponding mnemonic and description Most examples in this manual usethe mnemonic form No of sides Density Sectors Mnemonic Descri pti on 1 1 360 SSSD single sided single density 2 1 720 DSSD double sided single density 2 2 1440 DSDD double sided double density 2 6 5 Fast PC When reference is made to a fast PC we mean a PC that has the typical performance of a 90MHz Pentium or better 2 6 6 ASCII editor When referenceis madeto an ASCII editor wemean an editor such as Solution Systems Brief or DOS s EDIT You typically use such an editor to edit files like AUTOEXEC BAT or CONFIG SYS 2 6 7 Protected mode Thelntel 8088 processor usedin theoriginal IBM PC had only onemode of operation It cameto becalled real mode T he 8088 processor can address 1M b of memory IBM reserved the upper 384K of the 1Mb address spacefor such things as video memory andtheROM BI OS T hisleft a maximum of 640K for DOS applications the so called 640K barrier Intel s later processors 80286 80386 80486 and Pentium allow for a second operating mode called protected mode Perhaps the most important aspect of protected mode is that the processor can address much more memory When running in protected mode the 16 bit 80286 processor can address 16M b of memory while the 32 bit 80386 and later processors can address 4Gb DOS isinherently a real mode operating system Because of this DOS application
156. nd GROMs Configure 99 4A v2 2 console ROM and GROMs Configure 99 4 console ROM and GROMs Configure OPA SOB console ROM and GROMs Configure CDC console ROM and GROMs ZO 04 UNER 6 8 1 Display paths for console ROM and GROMs A typical display is Load type Len Addr File ROM ff RAMO 2000 0 NPC99NMODULESNCONAARO ROM Path good Size 8198 bytes good Load type Len Addr File GROMO 01 GRM 0 1800 0 PC99 MODULES CON4AG0 GRM Path good Size 6150 bytes good Load type Len Addr File GROM1 02 GRM 1 1800 2000 PC99 MODULES CON4AG1 GRM Path good Size 6150 bytes good Load type Len Addr File GROM2 03 GRM 2 1800 4000 PC99 MODULES CON4AG2 GRM Path good Size 6150 bytes good 75 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER PC99 MODULES CON4ARO ROM isthe8K console ROM Thefile has a load type of gt ff which means it loads into RAM O Thefile has a length of gt 2000 bytes The file will be loaded starting at CPU RAM gt 0000 PCO9N MODULES CON4AGO GRM PC99 MODULES CON4AG1 GRM_ and PC99 MODULES CON4AG2 GRM are the 6K console GROMs O 1 and 2 loaded at GROM addresses gt 0000 gt 2000 and gt 4000 respectively 6 8 2 Change paths for console ROM and GROMs The next menu is displayed 1 Change path for ROM 2 Change path for GROMO 3 Change path for GROM1 4 Change path for GROM2 5 Change console type If you select 1 Load type Len Addr File ROM ff RAMO 2000 0 NPC99NMODUL
157. nd module ROMs and GROMs PHM30261 GRM PHM30262 GRM PHM30263 GRM PHM30264 GRM PHM30265 GRM PHM3052 GRM Tombstone City command module ROM and GROM PHM30521 GRM PHM3055 GRM Editor Assembler command module GROM PM1100RO ROM The 8K Myarc disk controller ROM at CRU 1100 PM1100R1 ROM The 8K bank switched Myarc disk controller ROM PM1E00RO ROM The8K Myarc 512K card ROM which does not support the use of M yarc Extended Basic Il PC9OS OLY EDASSM OLY An overlay file for the E ditor Assembler MULTPLAN OLY An overlay file for Multiplan PC99 OLY A copy of EDASSM OLY which is used as the default overlay TIWRITE OLY An overlay file for TI Writer PC99 User Manual Stage 6 PC99 T MP PC99 UTIL ART EXE CFGGEN EXE DUMP EXE DUMPROM EXE GREAD EXE GSTRIP EXE PATCH EXE PMINFO EXE RMINFO EXE SPCODE EXE SPDUMP EXE STRIP BAT An empty directory that is used for temporary files The contents of the Myarc RAM disk are saved here as MYARCRD TMP A program that allows you to display TI Artist files in DOS and save them in PCX format A program that allows you to generate a clean PC99 CFG file for CFG EXE A program that allows you to dump a DOS filein hex and ASCII A program that allows you dump a TI ROM filein hex to an ASCII file A program that strips unwanted trailers off DOS files A program that strips P C Transfer or other file headers A program that allows you to patch DOS files A Rational System
158. nfiguration values into a known state At the main menu select 13 Defaults Thenext menu is displayed 1 Display PC99 default configuration values 2 Set all configuration values to PC99 defaults 6 14 1 Display PC99 default configuration values Thenext menu is displayed All RS232 Sound Joysticks System Disks Keyboard Console Peripherals Module Color F20x05 10Y0 1 5 0 ho 25 hp Y ou can display the default configuration variables over a number of screens or you can display specific variables If you choose 2 a typical display is RS232 1 1 Map to PC COMI RS232 2 2 Map to not used RS232 3 0 Map to not used RS232 4 0 Map to not used PIO 1 1 Map to PC LPTI PIO 2 0 Map to not used The default values are the values that will be used if you select Set all configuration values to PC99 defaults 100 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 14 2 Set all configuration values to PC99 defaults A typical display is PC99 default values set Count 1005 You must save this configuration before exiting If you save the configuration the default values will bein effect the next time you start P C99 The count valueis the number of variables that CF G EXE keeps track of 101 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 15 Test This section allows you to test the serial ports and mouse driver on your PC You must have a loopback connector NOT anull modem
159. nformation The instruction stack contains 16 bit values representing the last n instructions that have been executed n the PC Instr object these values are dynamically disassembled to producethedisplay Y ou can set thesizefrom 50 to 1000 entries When thesizeis exceeded the stack is pushed and thefirst entry on the stack is lost The default size is 400 instructions Thetracestack allows you to accumulate selected events Y ou can set thesizefrom 50 to 1000 Thevalue determines how many events are saved When this value is exceeded the stack is pushed and the first entry on the stack is discarded The default size is 400 traces T hefilter stack isa mirror of thetracestack T hetrace stack only contains enabled events whilethefilter stack contains all events both enabled and disabled Y ou can set thesizefrom 50 to 1000 but is should not beless than the trace stack The value determines how many events are saved When this value is exceeded the stack is pushed and the first entry on the stack is discarded T he default sizeis 400 traces If you select 6 a typical display is Size of instruction stack 400 New value 50 1000 500 Size of instruction stack 500 The debugger section explains the use of the trace stack TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 5 3 Display overlay file Theoverlay fileis an ASCII filethat can bedisplayedtotheright of the P C99 screen and can contain the equivalent of the plasti
160. nk number for the M yarc512K card This card has 16 32K banks which arebank switched into theTI 32K memory space Example you want to examine the contents of M yarc bank 4 smb 4 7 10 27 soff Sound off I mmediatel y stops any sound being played on the P C speaker or Sound Blaster or compatible Any new TI sounds will not be heard Example To turn sound off Soff 147 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 28 son Sound on If you have configured sound to be played on theP C speaker then sound sent to TI sound generator 1 will be played on the PC speaker If you have configured sound to be played on a Sound Blaster or compatible then sounds sent to TI sound generators 1 2 and 3 will be played on the Sound Blaster or compatible Example Sound has been turned off and you want to turn sound on son 7 10 29 srb Set RAM bank in cartridge space Some cartridges have two banks of RAM ROM at CPU addresses gt 6000 gt 7F FF You can display the contents of a selected bank in one of the memory windows Example Extended Basic is a bank switched cartridge To display the contents of RAM bank 1 srb 1 Now go to a memory window and set the base address to gt 6000 7 10 30 spr Sprite info For each of the 32 sprites 0 through 31 displays the following information sprite number status color height width dxmin dymin sxmin and symin 7 10 31 spra Sprite attribute table For each of the 32 sprit
161. nsion T his will allow you to distinguish TI disk files from other PC files When PC99 is running you can use the debugger to change the DOS file being used for a TI disk This is explained in the debugger section IMPORTANT If you erase or accidentally overwrite one of these files in DOS your TI data will be destroyed Y ou may be ableto recover thefile using DOS s UNDELETE command TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER You use CFG EXE to tell PC99 what DOS files to use to emulate the disks that would bein physical TI drives 1 2 3 and 4 Although you can givethem any valid DOS name we recommend that you namethem DSK1 DSK2 DSK3 and DSK4 Each file contains the data that would be stored on a physical TI disk At the main menu select 5 Disks Thenext menu is displayed Display disk paths Change disk paths Change disk attached flags Change disk read write flags Display disk catalog Select Plato disk Display cassette paths Change cassette paths 00 7004 Co Fo rS 6 6 7 Display disk paths A typical display is DSK1 PC99 DSK DSK1 Path good Size 260240 bytes good Attached YES R W Flag read write DSK2 PC99 DSK DSK2 Path good Size 260240 bytes good Attached YES R W Flag read write DSK3 PC99 DSK DSK3 Path good Size 260240 bytes good Attached YES R W Flag read write DSK4 PC99 DSK DSK4 Path good Size 549760 bytes bad Attach
162. odelay 00 eee eee eee ee 147 7 10 24 sd2 Set processor delay 2 0 nodelay cece eee eee 147 7 10 25 sdm Set debug mode 0 60 eee 147 7 10 26 smb Set Myarc bank 0 0 cee 147 7 10 27 Soff Sound Off ya pigiare id teen nn 147 7 10 28 S0NSOUN ON i ceca deed shat edad oki cle ected Wie isu ele ante ee ued 148 7 10 29 srb Set RAM bank in cartridge space 0 cece eee eee 148 7 10 30 spr Spriteinfo 2 0 2 0 eee eee 148 7 10 31 spra Sprite attributetable 0 cee 148 7 10 32 Spre Sprite Colors ooo A m t m etl etis 148 7 10 33 sprd Sprites draw ssssesseeseeee ees 148 7 10 34 spri Spriteintersector array sslssseessess essere 149 7 10 35 ss Show status o nii e enna ends eh ek xm eee 149 7 10 36 ssq Set speech quality 06 eect eee eee 149 7 10 37 toff Instruction trace Off 0 cece eee 149 7 10 38 ton Instruction traceon 1 1 6 tees 149 7 10 39 troff Instruction trace Off 0 cette eee 150 7 10 40 tron Instruction trace On 66 teens 150 7 10 41 v Set maximum VDP interrupt counter 00 0 6 cece eee 150 8 PCOS utility progr M enia revo asec Cer eae sank ee ange whee MERGCONUN eased E esas M ROMS 151 8 1 Using Read Sector and Write Sector to transfer disks o o ooooooooommmmo 151 8 1 1 Read Sector Write Sector example 0 06 cece 152 8 2 Using PC Transfer to transfer d
163. odules phm3056 grm pc99 modules phm30561 grm pc99 modules phm30562 grm pc99 modules phm30563 grm pc99 modules phm30564 grm This selection will become availablethe next time you run CF G EXE Note Thelast entry in PC99 MOD must bea on a line by itself ThefilePC99 MMM in PC99 contains a master list of modules If you create a new module you can use an ASCII editor to cut its entry from PC99 MMM and pasteit into PC99 MOD 181 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Note This example shows each stage of conversion separately Y ou can of course combinethestages into a single batch file 182 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 15 Speech utilities T wo utilities let you examine the contents of the Speech Synthesizer ROM 8 15 1 Displaying the Speech Synthesizer index SPDUMP EXE The Speech Synthesizer ROM contains an index for each word or phrase This index is described in Section 22 2 2 of theE ditor Assembler manual SPDUMP E XE can readtheindex and display it to stdout You can re direct this output to a disk file The syntax for SPDUMP EXE is gt spdump lt infile gt lt infile gt is a file containing the TI Speech Synthesizer ROM Example SS gt cd pc99 util gt spdump pc99 modules p5200r0 rom gt tmp junk The file tmp junk will contain the index showing the length Ln decimal Speech ASCII less than pointer lt ptr hex greater than pointer gt ptr hex soeech data pointer spdata hex
164. of these peripherals is enabled TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME CO MPUTER Note If thereis morethan oneoption for a peripheral only onecan beselected For example you can only have one disk controller active either TI or Myarc but not both At the main menu select Suc P eripherals Thenext menu is displayed da GONE 6 9 1 Display peripheral ROMs and GROMs Display peripheral Change peripheral Display peripheral Change peripheral Setup peripheral The next menu is displayed 1 Disk Controller card 2 RS232 primary card 3 RS232 secondary card 4 Thermal Printer 2s PE99 card 6 Memory card 7 p Code card 8 Speech Synthesizer f you select 1 Disk Controller Type 1 Texas Instruments CRU gt 1100 Load type Len Addr ROM 0 ff RAMO 2000 4000 Path good Size 8198 bytes good Load type Len Addr ROM 1 lc DCR 1 1000 4000 Path good Size 4102 bytes good Type ROMs and GROMs ROMs and GROMs type type File PC99 MODULES P1100R0 ROM File PC99 MODULES P1100R1 ROM 1 Texaslnstruments means TI DC DSSD Other possibletypes are Guion Myarc and CorComp IMPORTANT if a peripheral type is set to none it is the equivalent of removing that peripheral from the p Box PC99 User Manual Stage 6 CRU This peripheral is based at CRU 1100 ROM 0 The file has a load type of gt FF which means it loads into RAM 0 The data length is 72000
165. of your PC Sets the TI screen color in the overscan area For most applications this would be cyan 7 You can change this value to make a particular file fill the TI screen or create a top and bottom border in the color you select Example gt art a tmp logo s 10 sets the top and bottom screen borders to dark yellow 10 Sets the video type The video types are 1 The PC video mode is set to 320 x 200 x 256 colors 2 ThePC video mode is set to 640 x 480 x 256 colors TI pixels are drawn 1 for 1 making the image appear small and in the top left corner 3 ThePC video modeis set to 640 x 480 x 256 colors TI pixels aredrawn 4 for 1tofill a512 x 400 space making the image appear full size and correctly proportioned to match the TI screen PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 16 1 Using ART EXE to create a slide show You can repeatedly call ART EXE from a batch fileto create a slide show T hefollowing example batch file assumes you havethefiles ART EXE CASTLE P CASTLE C FUJI P FUJI C LOGO P inthe same directory that the batch fileis being run from echo off art a castle r 2700 s 7 v 3 art a fuji r 2700 s 1 v 3 art a logo r 2700 s 1 v 3 art a dmtitl r 2700 s 7 v 3 art a skull r 2700 s 1 v 3 art a beatle r 2700 s 1 v 3 art a hubert r 2700 s 1 v 3 art a sea r 2700 s 1 v 3 mode co80 a is the basename r is the delay s is the overscan color and v is the video type 187
166. oftwareM edia Moreover CaDD Electronics shall not beliablefor any claim of any kind whatsoever by any other party against the user of the Programs Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or consequential damages so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you in those states
167. ogram Counter gt A05A To delete a breakpoint field press lt Alt D gt delete with the cursor in the field 135 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 10 13 Trace Select U pto 12trace points can beset in CPU GROM or VDP memory T race pointsareabsolute values wild cards are not allowed When you placethe mini screen cursor on an empty trace point field thefollowing prompt is displayed Enter C CPU G GROM L GPL P PC S Status V VDP W Workspace A trace point can beenabled or disabled T hefirst character of an enabled trace point is a hyphen The first character of a disabled trace point is an asterisk You can toggle the state of a trace point by placing the mini screen cursor on thefirst character of thetrace point and pressing lt gt C Display C MEM 0000 Enter a 4 digit hex value to select a CPU memory address When the PC is set to that address P C99 will push the address it contents and whether the operation was a read or write on to thetrace stack g Display GRM 00 0000 Enter a 2 digit decimal 0 15 to select a GROM bank followed by a 4 digit hex valueto select a GROM address P C99 will push theGROM bank GROM address it contents and whether the operation was a read or write on to the trace stack A write is normally illegal Display GPL opcode TheGPL interpreter codebegins at CPU gt 0070 T heopcodefor thenext GPL instruction is fetched at CPU gt 0078 If the Pr
168. ogram Counter is at this address P C99 assumes this code is fetching the next GPL opcode This opcode is decoded and the opcode and its mnemonic are pushed on to thetrace stack p Display PC PC99 will push the Program Counter PC on to thetrace stack This will fill the stack very quickly as the PC is changed on almost every instruction S Display Status Reg PC99 will push the CPU Status Register on to thetrace stack 136 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 If you enter V the following messages is displayed V Enter Register M Memory S Status Alt D delete Display VDP REG 0 Enter a digit 0 7 followingtheREG to select a VDP register PC99 will push theregister its contents and whether theoperation wasa read or write on tothe trace stack A read is normally illegal Display V MEM 0000 Enter a 4 digit VDP hex address gt 0000 gt 3FFF PC99 will push the VDP address ts contents and whether the operation was a read or write on to the trace stack Display VDP STATUS PC99 will push the VDP Status Register on to the trace stack If you enter W the following message is displayed W Enter Register S Workspace Pointer Alt D delete WS REG 00 Enter a 2 digit decimal value 0 15 to select the Workspace Register PC99 will push theregister it contents and whether the operation was a read or write on to the trace stack WS POINTER PC99 will push the
169. or 549 760 bytes I n thefirst casethe disk can be SSSD or DSSD In the second casethe disk can be SSSD DSSD or DSDD If aMyarc disk is SSSD or DSSD it can used with the TI or Guion controller If the M yarc disk is 549 760 bytes only 260 240 bytes of this file will beused If a Myarc disk is DSDD it cannot be used with the TI or Guion controller If aTI or Guion 260 240 byte disk is addressed in DSDD format by the M yarc controller and the controller reads or writes beyond sector 719 end of DSSD then the file will be expanded to 549 760 bytes by PC99 on the fly For example if you use the M yarc Disk Manager to format a DSSD 260 240 byte file the new file will be 549 760 bytes and be DSDD SSDD should not be used with any controller It would have been easiest to supply a utility that would convert all your 260 240 byte dsk files to 549 760 byte dsk files However this was deemed unacceptableto most users because of thelarge amount of disk space required The above situation is a compromise and must be handled with care but it is believed to represent the best trade off between ease of use and disk space The Myarc Disk Controller offers many more features than theT and Guion controllers so it is recommended that you usethe M yarc controller for all normal operations Information about the M yarc Disk Manager Level IIl Supremeis contained in thefile MYDMDOC PDF Acrobat or MYDMDOC TXT ASCII PC99 User Manual Stage 6
170. orp 1981 1995 C NPC99 The DOS version depends on the version of DOS on your PC In the above example CFG EXE was running in a DOS box under Windows 95 If you use MEM C you will see where CFG EXE is loaded It uses about 56K of DOS conventional memory The rest of CF G EXE exists in extended memory since it is a protected mode application Oncein DOS you can do most things The most common thing to do would be to check for a file and or its directory If you try to run a large program you will probably get an out of memory message since a portion of CF G EXE is still resident When you have finished in DOS type exit at the DOS prompt and you will be returned to CFG EXE 106 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 17 Quit You can Quit from CF G EXE any timethe main menu is displayed At the main menu select 16 Quit If no changes have been made to the configuration you will be returned to the DOS prompt If changes have been made to the configuration the next menu is displayed 1 Quit to DOS without saving configuration 2 Save configuration and then quit to DOS WARNING n changes to configuration not saved wheren is the number of changes that have been made 6 17 1 Quit to DOS without saving configuration Any changes you have made to the configuration are lost You are returned to the DOS prompt 6 17 2 Save configuration and then quit to DOS TheSaveroutineis called The existing PC99 CF G is copied
171. ost cases it will be easier to use 7 Setup peripheral to change both the ROMs and the type simultaneously 6 9 3 Display peripheral type A peripheral can havea type T hetypereflectstheoriginal peripheral manufacturer For example Texas Instruments M yarc and CorComp manufactured disk controllers for the TI 99 4A n addition PC99 considers the ROM kit manufactured by J ohn Guion to bea disk controller type IMPORTANT A typeof none is the equivalent of removing that peripheral from the p Box A typical display is Disk Controller card 2 Myarc RS232 primary card 1 Texas Instruments RS232 secondary card 0 None Thermal Printer 0 None PC99 card 0 None Memory card 1 Texas Instruments p Code card 0 None Speech Synthesizer 1 Texas Instruments In this example the PC99 p Box contains a Myarc disk controller TI RS232 primary card TI 32K memory card n addition a TI Speech Synthesizer is available 6 9 4 Change peripheral type You can changethe peripheral type For example you couldreplacetheT disk controller with the M yarc disk controller Thenext menu is displayed Disk Controller card RS232 primary card RS232 secondary card Thermal Printer PC99 card Memory card p Code card Speech Synthesizer 00 7004 Co Po ES PC99 User Manual Stage 6 f you select 1 Peripheral type 1 Texas Instruments None Texas Instruments Myarc CorComp Guion O10 NR
172. pa e ER UU T tee ia 131 7 10 10 11 PC Instr iiiiusssssssssssseese n 132 7 10 10 12 Mini screen breakpoints 0 ce eee eee eee ee 132 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 10 13 Trace Select 2 0 eee 136 7 10 10 14 Sprites nuunuu 138 7 10 10 LSS VDP IRE ces hier e pere reete tr pre tee o oett go e reet 138 7 10 10 16 V DPW i i ers o eroe epe br ege ette eee 139 7 10 10 L7 GEOImS nido eem ee tutos pene oles Meat oa s 139 7 10 10 18 Mini Screen memory objects sssslesessseess 139 7 10 10 19 AMS mapper cooccccccoccc nn 140 7 10 11 gploff GPL opcodes stop flagging fetches at PC 20078 141 7 10 12 gplon GPL opcodes start flagging fetches at PC gt 0078 141 7 10 13 k Set keystroke duration 0 0 cece tee eee 141 7 10 14 kboff Keyboard wheel off 00 ete 142 7 10 15 kbon Keyboard wheel ON 10 cece tees 142 FAQ AG Load Inter r pt 22 pt CU t eo ged te 142 7 10 17 mod Mini screen objects disableall 0 0 cece eee eee 145 7 10 18 moe Mini screen objects enableall oooccccccccccco ooo 145 7 10 19 Q Quit PC99 and return to DOS lsssesssss sese eese 146 7 10 20 s Sinigle step eot ete Mete ERU Pee 146 7 10 21 S Single step without having to press Enter ssuuus 146 7 10 22 sca Set CRU address eg 1100 0 ee 146 7 10 23 sd1 Set processor delay 1 0 n
173. pc99 dsk cs1 6 6 14 Change cassette paths The next menu is displayed 1 Change path for CS1 2 Change path for CS2 6 6 14 1 Change path for CS1 When using the cassette routine built into the TI console this file is used to store data for cassette port 1 As with disk files you should copy this file if you want to preserve its contents A typical display is Current CS1 CS1 PC99 DSK CS1 New path The new path must be valid A similar screen is displayed for CS2 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 6 15 The blank disks FMT21 DSK and FMT22 DSK During installation of P C99 thetwo files F MT21 DSK andFMT 22 DSK arestored in PC99 DSK These files represent blank formatted TI DSSD and DSDD floppy disks You may copy the appropriate file to DSK1 DSK2 DSK3 or DSK4 to start a new disk You could also format a TI disk by using a program such as Disk Manager 2 DM 1000 or theM yarc Disk Manager However it is much quicker to copy either FMT21 DSK or FMT22 DSK in DOS If you do format an emulated disk notethat you cannot hurt the DOS file system P C99 only reads from or writes to the named disk files in PC99 CF G Even a format is just a series of reads and writes into these files IMPORTANT You must copy your DSK1 DSK2 DSK3 or DSKA fileto another DOS filename before formatting if you don t want to losethe data on the disk 6 6 16 The blank disks PFMT21 DSK and PFMT22 DSK During installation of P
174. play thedisk nameand determinethenumber of sectorsto write SSSD 360 DSSD 720 DSDD 1440 On both systems Thenumber 255 will appear at thetop of both screens and then start counting down from 32 Progress reports will be displayed on each screen until thetransfer is complete On both systems you can press R to restart and copy another disk or FCTN to quit tothetitle screen On thePC you can now load and run the programs on thetransferred disk in DSK 2 When you exit P C99 you should now savethetransferred disk LES gt cd pc99 dsk gt copy dsk2 dosname dsk where dosname is any name you want up to 8 characters e g EAGAMES9 DSK In similar fashion you can transfer a disk from your PC to a 4A Note You should start Read Sector the sending program before Write Sector the receiving program If you start the receiving program first there can be a delay before the emulated TM S9902 times out Note If you aretransferring from the 4A to the PC and the PC WSECTOR displays 233 instead of 255 press lt Esc gt and lt Shift Q gt to exit PC99 Then restart PC99 and go through the process of loading WSECTOR again 153 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 2 Using PC Transfer to transfer disks DSKMERGE EXE This method only allows you to transfer disks from a 4A to PC99 The requirements are ATI 99 4A system with DSDD disk controller such as the M yarc or CorComp controller at least two disk drives 32K exp
175. port or to another disk Write Sector will read the 8K PROGRAM file format from a serial port or another disk and re create them as sectors on a TI disk Note Both of these utilities are TI programs They run either on a 4A or under PC99 Using Read Sector and Write Sector you can send disks in either direction from a 4A to P C99 or from PC99 to a 4A Depending on the direction you are sending one system must run Read Sector and the other must run Write Sector Direction On 4A run On PC99 run From 4A to PC99 Read Sector Write Sector From PC99 to 4A Write Sector Read Sector 151 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER The Read Sector and Write Sector programs are supplied in E A3 and E A5 format They can be loaded through the E xtended Basic program SECTLOAD X which then allows you to choose Read Sector or Write Sector or directly through the Editor Assembler Utility E A5 name XB Name Read Sector DSKn RSECTOR DSKn SECTLOAD X Write Sector DSKn WSECTOR DSKn SECTLOAD X 8 1 1 Read Sector Write Sector example This following example assumes you are transferring from TI RS232 1 to P C99 RS232 1 on COM 1 and that thetwo ports are cabled together Totransfer a disk from a 4A to P C99 e On the 4A Editor Assembler Insert PC99 disk in DSKn From E A5 load DSKn RSECTOR Extended Basic Insert PC99 disk in DSK1 From XB do OLD DSK1 SECTLOAD X and then RUN Tell SECTLOAD X you want to run Read Sector On the 4A Insert the d
176. port the next file WARNING If you use DSKIN EXE on a non blank disk you will destroy the disk Thesyntax for DSKIN EXE is dskin dos filename ti dsk filename Thenameof the TI fileon the TI disk is contained in the FDR header of dos filename and was built by another program such as ASC2DV80 E XE or DLCONV EXE The following conversion utilities are supplied with PC99 for use with DSKIN E XE 8 11 1 ASC2DV80 EXE Takes a DOS ASCII file and converts it for use with DSKIN EXE The syntax for ASC2DV80 E XE is gt asc2dv80 lt infile gt lt outfile gt TI filename lt infile gt is the DOS file you wish to store in theTI disk lt outfile gt is the output file created by ASC2DV80 E XE TI filename istheTI filename you want the converted fileto have when it is cataloged on theT disk This filename must follow TI conventions and cannot be longer than 10 characters 171 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Example You have a WordP erfect file called FRED WPD that you wish to bring up in TI Writer E Load FRED WPD into WordP erfect and then save the file as DOS Text Call the saved file TMP FRED T XT N Run ASC2DV80 E XE gt c gt cd tmp gt pc99 dskutil asc2dv80 fred txt fred ti FRED w Save the current disk in DSK 2 gt cd pc99 dsk gt copy dsk2 mydisk dsk A Ensurethereis a blank disk in DSK2 gt copy fmt21 dsk dsk2 ui Run DSKIN EXE gt pc99 dskutil dski
177. processor is emulated 6 5 2 9 Change speech quality Thenext screen is displayed Speech Quality 1 Standard 1 Standard 2 Enhanced If you choose 1 the speech quality will be equivalent to the Speech Synthesizer If you choose 2 an improved speech algorithm that was under development will be used TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 5 2 10 Change Gramulator emulation Thenext screen is displayed Gramulator Emulation Flag 0 NO 1 Enable emulation 2 Disable emulation If you choose 1 then address gt F FFE is treated as the Gramulator status register 6 5 2 11 Set up mini screen Thenext menu is displayed hange mini title color hange mini inactive title color hange mini label color hange mini breakpoint color hange mini value color hange mini prompt color hange mini message color hange size of instruction stack hange size of trace stack hange size of filter stack C 000 109014 5 Co ho Aa 200000000000 n If you select 1 7 you can change the colors of objects and fields on the Mini Screen Thetitle color isthe color of an object title when that object is active For example VDP Registers isa title An active object is dynamically updated The default active color is Green Theinactivetitle color is the color of an object that is inactive For example Breakpoints is a title An inactive object is only updated when a break occurs or lt Esc gt
178. ption On the 4A Insert the TI Transfer Disk in DSK1 and the formatted DOS disk in DSK 2 On the 4A Using PC Transfer list the TI directory There will be a series of files named SA through SW For each fileuse PC Transfer to namethe DOS files as SA through SW When thetransfer is complete move the DOS disk to the PC 154 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 On the PC Ensure that the file PC99 UTIL STRIP BAT contains the necessary commands to process the file A sample listing is shown below echo stripping gstrip a sa c tmp sa 128 gstrip a sb c tmp sb 128 gstrip a NVsv c tmp sv 128 gstrip a sw c tmp sw 128 The batch file repeatedly calls the PC99 utility GSTRIP EXE Thesyntax for GSTRIP EXE is gstrip lt input file gt lt output file gt lt number of bytes to strip gt In this example GSTRIP EXE reads from the PC floppy in A and writes to the PC C TMP directory and strips 128 bytes from each input file These 128 bytes were added to the file by the TIFILES option of PC Transfer At the DOS prompt execute STRIP BAT gt cd pc99 util gt strip Thebatch file will createa series of files SA SB SC in the T MP directory on your hard disk Run the DSKMERGE utility to create a PC99 emulated disk file from the transferred files gt cd Mpc99Ndskutil gt dskmerge c tmp s c pc99 dsk fmt21 dsk c tmp mydisk dsk Note that thes in the second argument c tmp s is the basename for the files SA
179. r Size of instruction stack Size of trace stack Size of filter stack Theseare explained below At the main menu select 4 System Thenext menu is displayed OoYO01 00 Po rS Display system variables Change system variables Display overlay file Change path of overlay fil e Select overlay file in pc99 oly Display delay units per cl lock tick TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 5 1 Display system variables A typical display is Debug mode 0 No debug Aspect X Offset 64 Aspect Y Offset 48 Show startup info NO Interrupt count 2200 Delay value 1 0 no delay Delay value 2 0 no delay Illegal CPU action flag 1 Ignore and continue with next instruction Illegal VDP action flag 1 Mask illegal bit and continue CPU type 1 9900 VDP type 1 9918A Speech Quality 1 Standard Gramulator Emulation Flag 0 NO Overlay file PC99 OLY PC99 OLY Mini title color 2 Medium Green Mini inactive title color 9 Light Red Mini label color 14 Gray Mini breakpoint color 7 Cyan Mini value color 15 White Mini prompt color 3 Light Green Mini message warn color 9 Light Red Mini message info color 3 Light Green Size of instruction stack 500 Size of trace stack 500 Size of filter stack 500 6 5 2 Change system variables The next menu is displayed 1 Change defa
180. r Manual Stage 6 echo Running dskin c pc99 dskutil dskin c tmp junk c Npc99NdskNdsk2 echo Done echo Downloaded file is stored in DSK2 goto exit usage echo usage dl path of downloaded file TI filename echo Ex dl c tmp songs ask SONGS goto exit exit You can now run PC99 and use Barry Boone s Archiver to extract the files in the archive DSK 2 SONGS 8 17 2 Formatting Basic files Usethe following batch fileif you havea TI Basic or Extended Basic PROGRAM fileon a PC99 disk and wish to extract it convert it to ASCII and then format it to 28 columns to match the TI screen display echo disk 1 file 2 pc99 dskutil4 dskout 1 2 tmp junk pc99 dskutil bas2asc tmp junk tmp junk bas pc99 dskutil basfmt tmp junk bas tmp junk out Store this file in pc99 dsk and call it basfmt bat Ensure you have a Xmp directory If not you can substitute a directory of your choice The syntax is basfmt lt disk filename gt lt Basic program name gt Example The pc99 dsk file delivered with PC99 contains the program XLATE_X an Extended Basic program C cd pc99 dsk basfmt pc99 dsk xlate x The batch file 1 Calls dskout exe to extract the file and store it in tmp junk 2 Calls bas2asc to convert junk a binary file to junk bas an ASCII file 3 Calls basfmt to convert the junk bas to a formatted 28 column ASCII file Y ou can usean ASCII editor to examinejunk bas or import it into
181. r Space bank status Set module slot range to not used Enable multiple ROM banks r20 05 10o0 0145 NA hp 6 10 1 Display loaded module names TheT console software allows for up to 16 modules to be accessed simultaneously The mechanism is called REVIEW MODULE LIBRARY There has only been limited success in implementing the hardware to do this on a real 4A The hardware is usually called a GROM module box and attempts to allow up to 16 modules to be electrically connected to the console With this arrangement a single bad contact can cause difficulties When P C99 emulates this feature there are no corresponding hardware problems However P C99 must have sufficient memory in which to store the modules For each module that you enable PC99 will attempt to allocate P C extended memory for it In the worst case a module can have five 8K GROMs and two 8K ROMs To run 16 modules simultaneously you will need at least 1M b of P C extended memory over and abovethat required by P C99 CF G EXE allows you to set the number of modules you wish to use under Change module count When you Display module names only the number of modules enabled is displayed TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER If you have set the module count to 3 a typical display is 01 extended basic 02 editor assembler 03 disk manager 2 6 10 1 1 Limitations of REVIEW MODULE LIBRARY feature Texas nstruments designed theRE VIEW MOD
182. rangeto not used o ooooocccccoccoo 94 6 10 11 Enable multiple ROM banks 00 cece eee 95 GAEL Gro o ccd PD E E Sasa ty OP REDE 96 MI c P M 97 6 12 1 Display configuration StatuUS ooooocccccocccnrn eee 97 6 12 2 Print status to disk file 2 0 ete eh 98 6 12 3 Display POINTOO is sorde ox soe e Hee aap ee 98 6 13 SaVG o Dcos sese reri don ree eee edo eben gest tbe don ener A etienne ae nn 99 6 13 1 Save configuration 0 cece eee 99 6 13 2 Save configuration and quit ocooocccccccccor eee 99 CTD US aS Meat I m 100 6 14 1 Display PC99 default configuration values 6 eee eee ees 100 6 14 2 Set all configuration values to PC99 defaults 0 cece ees 101 6 15 Test siis sss xe exte vend e ex Ra WGA We WG Ske Rn o e C a e RR RC ea 102 6 15 1 Transmit receivetest 0 teens 102 6 15 2 Modem control register test 2 0 2 eee 103 6 15 3 Terminal emulation test 2 0 0 0 ccs 104 6 15 4 Mouse driver test 0 ketenes 105 GG PS elle E ETC ate aaa e 106 6 17 QUIE sesh eere lacer tie oe ea ed Neen E Mee oe er sede e dub d Ce e a 107 6 17 1 Quit to DOS without saving configuration 0 cece eee eee 107 6 17 2 Save configuration and then quit to DOS 0 cece eee eee 107 6 18 CF G EXE SWItChI6S oi ace have ie e eoe eoe ee nd DR De a ena 108 6 18 1 Display console
183. rite attribute table 7 10 10 15 VDPR Thefield below thetitle contains thelast valuethat the VDP RAM Write Address register VDPWA or gt 8C02 was set to for a read to VDP Thefield below the address contains the last byte value read from VDP WA through the VDP RAM Read Data register VDPRD or gt 8800 138 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 10 10 16 VDPW The field below the title contains the last value that the VDP RAM Write Address register VDPWA or gt 8C02 was set to for a writeto VDP Thefield below theaddress containsthelast byte value written to VDP WA through the VDP RAM Write Data register VDPWD or gt 8C00 7 10 10 17 Grom This object displays values read from GROM Grom Thisfield contains the GROM bank number 0 15 Addr Thisfieldcontainsthelast valuethattheGROM GRAM WriteAddressregister GRMWA or gt 9C02 was set to for a read from GROM Value This field contains thelast byte value read from GRMWA through the GROM GRAM Read Data register GRMRD or 29800 Note The above values are for GROM bank 0 For each increment in the GROM bank value add 4 to GRMWA and GRMRD Example If the GROM bank number is 2 then GRMRD is 29800 2 4 gt 9808 7 10 10 18 Mini Screen memory objects Therearethree mini screen memory objects n each memory object you can display the following kind of memory AMS CPU GROM Myarc and VDP To select the kind of memory place the mini screen cursor after the
184. rt 1 Map to PC LPT1 PIO 1 addr 0x0378 PIO 1 irq 7 New value dec At the prompt you can enter any IRQ you need Note that CFG EXE does not validate this value Note If you disabletheTI PIO port with CFG E XE and then try to use that port in a 99 4A application such as Basic the information sent to the non existent port will be ignored by P C99 If you do not intend to use a TI RS232 primary card both serial and parallel you should go to the Peripherals menu and set the peripheral type to none If the peripheral typeis none any application trying to access RS232 RS232 1 RS232 2 PIO or PIO 1 will get a device error TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 3 Sound TheT1I 99 4A hardware supports up to three sound channels and one noise channel using the TM S9919 chip The volume of each TI channel can be set by an application 6 3 1 Standard PC ThePC hardwaresupports a singlesound channel and has no volume control It isthereforenot possible to emulate faithfully TI sound using standard PC hardware PC99 takes any sound directed at TI sound channel 1 and reproduces it on the PC speaker Any volume information is discarded F or example CALL SOUND 200 880 1 CALL SOUND 200 880 8 both produce the same sound on the PC speaker In the following example CALL SOUND 200 30000 1 880 1 no sound is heard The frequency 30000 is directed at TI sound channel 1 and is too high for humans to
185. rtitioned into a 128K space for Myarc XB Il and a RAM disk and print spooler Fully emulated You can select whether to emulate the 128K 256K 512K or 1Mb version of the card depending on how much PC memory you have available Fully emulated 4 8K banks of Super Space RAM can be enabled at gt 6000 gt 7F FF Up to 16 of these 32K banks can be enabled Fully emulated TheTI disk controller supports up to three drives Each disk can contain 720 256 byte sectors DSSD P C99 uses three DOS disk files to represent thethree drives Fully emulated J ohn Guion supplied an 8K ROM for theTI disk controller and a hardware kit After installation the controller can access four drives Each disk can contain 720 256 byte sectors DSSD PC99 uses four DOS disk files to represent the four drives Fully emulated The Myarc disk controller supports up to four drives Each disk can contain 1440 256 byte sectors DSDD PC99 uses four DOS disk files to represent the four drives Fully emulated if the PC has up to two COM ports and one parallel port The TI ports are RS232 RS232 1 RS232 2 PIO and PIO 1 Note RS232 and RS232 1 and PIO and PIO 1 arethe same ports PC99 can exchange data at up to 9 600 bps over the PC COMn ports and can drive a TI compatible printer connected to the PC LPTn port Fully emulated J ohn Guion supplied an 8K ROM for the TI RS232 card This allowed devices such as TP to be used and have the output sent to standard
186. rts to ASCII The output is similar toLISTingaTl Extended Basic programin INT VAR254format T heconvertedfilecan beloaded into PC Basic Not all TI Extended Basic statements are valid in PC Basic Thesyntax for IV2ASC EXE is gt iv2asc infile outfile a Theoptional a switch will dump all information Thisincludestheline number tableand the bytes that make up each Basic line 8 8 9 MRG2ASC EXE Takes an extracted TI Basic or Extended Basic INT VAR163 file saved in MERGE format and converts to ASCII The converted file can beloaded into PC Basic Not all TI Basic statements are valid in PC Basic Thesyntax for MRG2ASC EXE is mrg2asc infile outfile 168 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 9 Extracting TI Forth screens DSKOUTF EXE Y ou can extract oneor morescreens from an emulated TI Forth disk and storethem as a standalone DOS file You usethe DSKOUTF EXE programto dothis DSKOUTF EXE needs to know the name of theTI emulated disk file the name of the DOS fileto create and the starting and ending screen number The syntax is dskoutf ti forth disk lt outfile gt screen lo decimal gt screen hi decimal options options can be 1 Print screen line numbers 00 15 2 Print screen numbers at top of screen 3 Print screen line numbers and screen numbers Example To extract from DSK1 the TI Forth screens 3 through 5 and create the DOS file TMP FORTH OUT gt c
187. s CF G EXE allows you to store your Plato disks in compressed format and then select the disk you wish to run U sing the public domain PC archive program harc you can reduce the amount of required disk storage to about 11M b T he compressed format file must be an executable archive named PH Dnnnn E XE containingall disksin a Plato package T hearchivefile must livein P CO9 DSKMP LAT O When executed thefi leshould explode and create P C99 DSK files Thefile CF GPLAT O MNU contains the mapping used by CF G EXE to find a selected Plato disk When you select aP latodisk CF G E XE copiesthecorrespondingP H Dnnnn E XE filetoYP C99 T MP This directory was created when you installed P C99 and must exist CF G EXE then explodes the compressed 66 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 file and copies the selected disk DSK file to DSK 1 since the Plato module requires the disk in drive 1 Finally CFG EXE erases the files it used in the temporary directory Note You need the Plato nterpreter command module PH M 3122 to run Plato disks 6 6 12 1 Creating compressed Plato disks For this example assumeyou want to convert the T package PH D 5206 Subtraction skills for use with CFG EXE This package consists of 5 disks 1 Subtraction skills 1 tutorial Subtraction skills 1 drill 2 Subtraction skills 2 tutorial Subtraction skills 2 drill 3 Subtraction skills 3 tutorial Subtraction skills 3 drill 4 Subtraction skills 4 tutori
188. s DSK 1 DSK4 rw RW RO OR Same as DSK 1 Only displayed if Disk Controller is type M yarc Reserved for debug response e g Cmd Done Reserved for debug prompt and for status or error messages spch wt means that an attempt was made to write to the speech synthesizer RS232 2 means that the RS232 2 port has been initialized NNNNwRO means that an attempt was made to write to address NNNN in ROM O not allowed by P C99 Mode 2 P C99 displays a standard TI screen in 320 x 200 PC mode Thecontents of the overlay fileare displayed in the 64 pixel area to the right of the TI screen Mode 3 P C99 displays a mini TI screen in 640 x 480 PC mode The rest of the screen is filled with editable debugging objects Mode 4 P C99 displaysafull TI screen in 640 x 480 PC mode Each TI pixel is replicated four times The size of the TI screen is 512w by 384h with 8 pixels of overscan above and below The X and Y offsets to the start of the TI screen can beset with CF G EXE 123 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER In all debugger modes you can press to get help list of debugger commands C to continue with the application Q upper case q to quit to DOS All debugger commands are terminated with Enter IMPORTANT When you quit PC99 any unsaved work in progress is lost 124 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 7 10 Debugger commands This section lists each debugger command the mode it can be used in and a summary of
189. s a standard TI screen 256w x 192h on the PC screen with the PC video mode set to 320w x 200h T he contents of the overlay file are displayed in the area to the right of theTI screen PC99 displays a mini TI screen 256w x 192h on the PC screen with the P C video mode set to 640w x 480h Therest of the screen is filled with full debugging information PC99 display a standard TI screen 256w x 192h on the PC screen with the PC video mode set to 640 x 480 Each TI pixel is replicated four times to generate a TI display of 512w x 384h T he aspect ratio of this display closely matches the aspect ratio of the TI screen on a TI monitor In PC99 you access the debugger by pressing the lt Esc gt key at any time The display depends on the current debugger mode In all debug modes the 99 4A application is suspended and P C99 displays the debugger prompt I n all debug modes you can press c to continuethe application You can also press lt gt help todisplay the available commands Most debugger commands are completed by pressing Enter The debugger section explains all the debugger commands TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER f you select 2 from the Change default debug mode menu P C99 will display VDP and peripheral status information on the right of the main screen when it starts up Note If you select a mode which is not applicableto a program Mode 0 will beused For example if you set the default debug mode to 4
190. s are nearly always loaded into conventional memory These driverscan includeCD ROM drivers scanner drivers andspecial videodrivers When this happens P C99 may not have enough conventional memory availableto run You can check the amount of conventional memory available by gt mem c The amount is shown under Largest executable program size This value should be around 600K If it is less you should first try to run MEMMAKER Thisisa program supplied with DOS and will attempt to make your use of conventional memory as efficient as possible If after running MEMMAKER you still do not have enough memory to run P C99 you can solve the problem by using a DOS startup menu T his allows you to configure your PC for different uses A DOS startup menu consists of entries in both your CONFIG SYS and your AUTOEXEC BAT files Theseentries permit optional selection of blocks of commands A sample CONFIG SYS is shown below 199 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER SWITCHES F DEVICE C DOS HIMEM SYS TESTMEM OFF DEVICE C DOS EMM386 EXE NOEMS X D000 DFFF BUFFERS 10 0 FILES 25 DOS UMB LASTDRIVE L FCBS 4 0 menu menuitem standard menuitem pc99 menudefault standard 5 common BREAK ON NUMLOCK OFF DOS HIGH standard EVICEHIGH C DOS ANSI SYS c pc99 common rem STACKS 9 256 SHELL C DOS COMMAND COM C DOS e 1024 p
191. s program that measures the performance of protected real mode switching and extended memory A Rational Systems programthat supplies configuration information and the basis for real protected mode switching on your PC A programthat finds words in the Speech Synthesizer ROM and displays them as elemental components A program that dumps the index of the Speech Synthesizer ROM A batch filethat uses GSTRIP EXE to convert a disk TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 Configuration Once you have installed P C99 and checked the tree you should run the configuration program CFG EXE CFG EXE allows you to display and change many variables which P C99 EXE uses You use CFG EXE totel P C99 for example which modulefilestoload which DOS files represent TI disks which peripherals to load and which VGA colors should be used to represent TI colors CFG EXE is a 32 bit application and will placethe processor in protected mode Toload CFG EXE gt C gt cd pc99 gt cfg CFG EXE loads and displays the main menu PC99 Config version 4 18 2000 apr 07 1 RS232 2 Sound 3 Joysticks 4 System 5 Disks 6 Keyboard 7 Console 8 Peripherals 9 Module 10 Color 11 Status 12 Save 13 Defaults 14 Test 15 Shell 16 Quit Fl Help Select 1 16 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 1 General information about using CFG EXE On all screens Titles are displayed on thetop row in color On most screens You can press
192. s running on an 80286 and later processors are still restricted to the 640K barrier Therefore these systems function merely as faster 8088 systems Some attempts to improve this limitation included using expanded and extended memory services to provide limited access to this larger address space H owever if a program wants to treat the memory above 1Mb like conventional DOS memory it must run in protected mode When neither Microsoft nor IBM introduced a DOS compatible protected mode operating system DOS extenders were devel oped by third party companies A DOS extender is a mini operating system that can run protected mode applications under DOS TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER TheDOS extender accomplishes this by executing a real mode stub program that switches the processor to protected mode and passes control to a calling program P C99 is such a calling program PC99 runsin protected mode until it requests a DOS service such asfilel O The DOS extender then switches back to real mode to satisfy the request and when done reverts to protected mode When P C99 terminates the DOS extender switches back to real mode and returns control to DOS These behind the scenes tasks are transparent to you PC99 uses the DOS AGW 32 bit extender written by Rational Systems later Tenberry Software and supplied with the Watcom C compiler P C99 therefore requires an 80386 or later processor to run It will not run on an 80286 The DOS 4GW
193. s to ignore it However the results can be unpredictable In PC99 you can choosethe action to betaken when an illegal action is encountered Thenext screen is displayed 1 Change illegal CPU opcode action 2 Change illegal VPD write address action If you choose 1 the next screen is displayed 1 Ignore and continue with next instruction 2 Display warning and then continue 3 Halt execution If PC99 encountersan illegal opcodefor thecurrent processor type you can choosetheaction that will be taken Illegal opcodes can be encountered if an assembly program incorrectly transfers control to a data area PC99 User Manual Stage 6 If you choose 2 the next screen is displayed 1 Mask illegal bit and continue 2 Display warning mask bit and then continue 3 Halt execution f PC99 encounters an attempt to write an illegal value to the VDP write address of the VDP processor you can choosethe action that will betaken Badly formed VDP write addresses can be generated by incorrect data in assembly language programs 6 5 2 7 Change CPU type Thenext screen is displayed CPU type 1 9900 1 9900 Ze 9995 If you choose 1 the instruction set for the TMS9900 processor will bein effect If you choose 2 the instruction set for the TMS9995 processor will bein effect 6 5 2 8 Change VDP type The next screen is displayed VDP type 1 9918A 1 9918A 2 9938 So 9958 For each choicethe appropriate VDP
194. s up PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 6 11 Display disk catalog Thenext menu is displayed 1 DSK1 2 DSK2 3 DSK3 4 DSK4 If you select 1 the next menu is displayed 1 Sector 0 information 2 Disk Manager catalog 3 Disk Manager catalog files only 4 5 p Code catalog Plato catalog Note Selections from this menu work by exec ing the program P C99 DSKUTIL DSKDIR EXE from within CF G EXE Ifthis programis not in this location the exec will fail DOS will report Bad command or file name 6 6 11 1 Sector 0 information A typical display is Disk name INSCEBOT Sectors total 720 Sectors used 691 Sectors available 27 Sectors track 9 Disk formatted DSK yes Disk Manager protection no Tracks per side 40 Number of sides 2 Density single TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 6 11 2 Disk Manager catalog A typical display is No FDR Filename Size Type P 001 gt 002 NEWPATH 8 PROGRAM Y gt 022 007 002 gt 018 ARC33_1 33 PROGRAM gt 1bb 032 003 gt 003 ARTISI 15 DIS FIX 80 gt 029 014 004 gt 004 ARTISTI 28 PROGRAM Y gt 037 027 005 gt 005 ARTLOAD 2 PROGRAM Y gt 052 001 006 gt 006 ARTPT1 10 PROGRAM Y gt 053 009 007 007 ARTPT2 10 PROGRAM Y gt 05c 009 008 gt 008 ARTPT3 33 PROGRAM Y gt 065 032 009 gt 009 ARTPT
195. sents the number of times fg stall is called A typical display is Delay unit for fg stall 65535 This valueis used internally by fg stall and is proportional to the system s processor speed PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 6 Disks PC99 emulates the following disk controllers 1 Texas Instruments 2 Guion 3 Myarc FDC 6 6 1 Texas Instruments Disk Controller PC99 emulates the actions of the Western Digital WD1771 floppy disk controller and the Device Service Routine DSR in the TI disk controller The DSR communicates with the disk hardware through 8 registers located at gt 5FFO through gt 5FF 8 Values placed in these registers are passed to the WD1771 chip P C99 emulates all actions of the TI hardware TheTI disk controller can handle up to double sided single density DSSD disks Each disk contains 2 sides 40 tracks side 9 sectors track and 256 bytes sector T he amount of user data on a DSSD disk is 2 x 40 x 9 x 256 184 320 bytes The amount of user data on a track is 9 x 256 2 304 bytes When formatting a disk the WD1771 places control information between each sector Each disk track contains a total of 3 253 bytes of information Of these only 2 304 bytes are user data A P C99 DSSD disk file therefore requires 2 x 40 x 3253 260 240 bytes This is the size of the DOS file containing the PC99 emulated disk TheTI disk controller can handle up to three drives To emulate these three drives you nee
196. setting an override value T his cannot be larger than 127 Note that the override can produce unexpected results and is only useful in special circumstances 8 8 1 DSKOUT format Thefirst 256 bytes of the DSK OUT filecontain the 256 bytes from theF DR correspondingtotheT file Thisis followed by 256 byte records containing the contiguous sectors of the TI file DSKOUT stores the F DR toallow other PC applications to determinethetype of file extracted ThetypecouldbePROGRAM DIS FIX 80 INT VAR 254 and so on The file extracted by DSK OUT is of little usein itself The file is designed to be used as input to another DOS application For example if you extract a TI Basic PROGRAM file the extracted data will bein TI internal token format If you wanted to try and run the TI Basic program using the P C s Qbasic you would need a way of converting the TI internal format to a format acceptableto Qbasic The following conversion utilities for use with DSKOUT EXE are supplied with P C99 163 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 8 2 BAS2ASC EXE Takes an extracted TI Basic or Extended Basic PROGRAM file and converts to ASCII The output is similar toLISTingaTI Basic program The converted file can be loaded into PC Basic Not all TI Basic statements are valid in PC Basic The syntax for BAS2ASC is gt bas2asc lt input file output file a input file gt is the name of the file created by DSKOUT EXE output file gt is the
197. splay Sound Blaster noise variables oooooommomoo 37 6 3 5 5 Change Sound Blaster noise variables oooooommomoo 37 6A OySEICKS tx tdt SAA etn am Oded cathe tlc 40 6 4 1 Display joystick mapping sssssseeee III 40 6 4 2 Change joystick mapping cooocococcocccccn e 41 6 4 2 1 Read new calibration values from joystick o oo oo oo 42 6 4 2 2 Use old calibration values 1 2 0 eee 42 6 4 2 3 Display old calibration values 0 0 cece 43 6 4 3 Display joystick port ssusssssssssssese III 43 6 4 4 Change joystick port oooccoococcccocc Rh 43 64 5 est JOysti cle oos eC ote d t c A 43 6 5 SYSE iudex e e xe Eee eX e Y Xe ac or X ce Non xn Vince Ro Non Xo XR KON XU Roc ci 45 6 5 1 Display system variables sssssslssssseslesseee ees 46 6 5 2 Change system variables 00 ects 46 6 5 2 1 Change default debug mode 0 6 cece eee eee 47 6 5 2 2 Change show StartupiNf0 o oococococccoccncc 48 6 5 2 3 Change VDP interrupt count ooocococcccccccr 49 6 5 2 4 Change delay value 1 1 kee eee 49 6 5 2 5 Change delay value 2 1 ects 50 6 5 2 6 Change illegal action response ooooccocccccconcc ee 50 6 5 2 7 Change CPU type 0 eee eee 51 6 5 2 8 Change VDP type 06 ects 51 6 5 2 9 Change speech quality 0 0 c cece eee eee 51 6 5 2 10 Change Gramulator emulation 0 c c
198. ss the PC joysticks through the standard joystick I O port at 0x201 f you select 2 P C99 will access the PC joysticks through the Colorado Systems N otebook Gameport Y ou must have the Gameport attached and have loaded the Gameport T SR driver NG to select this option 6 4 5 Test joystick Thenext menu is displayed 1 Test joystick 1 2 Test joystick 2 This allows you to test a calibrated joystick Select the joystick to test from the above menu and the following screen is displayed TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER a tame ea s ad l et ll Fire eee tni gui ci us a Top Top Left Top Right Left Right Bottom Bottom Bottom Left Right The displayed legends are in green To test the joystick you should move it to each of the indicated positions If thejoystick movement is detected thelegend will flash red Pressingany firebutton will flash thefire legend PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 5 System T he system section allows you to change P C99 system variables T he P C99 system variables are Debug mode Aspect X offset Aspect Y offset Show startup info VDP interrupt count Delay value 1 Delay value 2 Illegal CPU action flag Illegal VDP action flag CPU type VDP type Speech quality Gramulator emulation Overlay file Mini title color Mini inactivetitle color Mini label color Mini breakpoint color Mini value color Mini prompt color Mini message colo
199. ssage Example If the p Code card peripheral number 7 is of type none 0 and you wish to use the TI card type 1 gt cfg p 71 hecking configuration hecking RS232 hecking sound hecking joysticks hecking system variables hecking disks hecking keyboard hecking console ROM and GROMs hecking peripherals hecking module count hecking modules hecking colors aving PC99 CFG to PC99 CFX 1 file s copied Write complete Q00000000000000 p Code card Typ 1 Texas Instruments will enable the p Code card the next time P C99 is started CFG EXE calls the save routine which checks all values in PC99 CF G saves the old PC99 CF G to PC99 CF X and then writes a new PC99 CFG Example You wish to change the Disk Controller peripheral number 1 to type Guion 6 cfg p 1 6 6 18 7 Display RS232 status r The switch is r or r At the DOS prompt if you type gt efg f the current status of the RS232 and PIO ports will be displayed 111 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 18 8 Display or change sound s The switch is s or s This displays the status of the sound type Example gt cfg s Sound 0 No sound To change the sound type follow the switch with a value between 0 and 3 The values are 0 No sound 1 One channel sound using PC speaker 2 Sound Blaster 3 Sound Blaster compatible Example gt cfg s 2 Sound 2 Sound Blast
200. start CRU scan of DSR peripherals The patch is made to the file CON4ARO ROM which lives in PC9IAMODULES 10 3 Console GROM 0 Bug in REVIEW MODULE LIBRARY If multipleGROM banks areavailableon a GRAM deviceconnectedto a 4A the GROM scan routine will cycle indefinitely and never display the TI selection screen This is dueto a bug in the TI GPL code Original 99 4A GROM O 0241 41 BR ROM gt 01B9 Restart scan 0242 B9 Patched 99 4A GROM 0 0241 OA GT Fake no op 0242 OA GT Fake no op and allow scan to complete This prevents the routine from looping forever by replacing the branch with two fake no ops The patch is made to the file CON 4AGO GRM which lives in PC99 MODULES 10 4 RS232 card ROM Reducing timeout Thesoftwarein theRS232 card ROM usesthevalueat gt 4344 as a delay counter T his valueis loaded into the TM 9902 and prevents transmission of data taking place until it has counted down to zero Original RS232 ROM 24342 0205 LI R5 gt 0007 Timeout in 7 gt C01C loops gt 4344 0007 Patched RS232 ROM gt 4342 0205 LI R5 gt 0001 Timeout in 1 gt C01C loops gt 4344 0001 This reduces the timeout from up to two minutes to 30 seconds The patch is to the file P1300RO ROM which lives in PC99MODULES 196 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 11 In case of difficulty 11 1 Can t execute PC99 EXE PC99 attempts to put your PC into protected mode by invoking DOSAGW E XE the Rational Systems linear executa
201. status C 0 ccc Rn 108 6 18 2 Display disk paths d 00 cece cette e 109 6 18 3 Display joystick status b 6 6 cette eee eens 109 6 18 4 Display keyboard status K 0 cece eee eee eens 109 6 18 5 Display or change module M 000 eee eee tees 109 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 18 6 Display or change peripheral p sssssseseeeeeessseernsse 110 6 18 7 Display RS232status r sisse e 111 6 18 8 Display or change sound S ooocccccccccocccc esses 112 6 18 9 Toggle startup info JU oocooocccccoocncern mI 112 6 18 10 Display system status y 02 cee eee eh 112 6 19 How to generate a default PC99 CFG file CFGGEN EXE sseeseesss 113 7 99 AA emulator x eee vetu met res eo ea hg ate edic Ren ce woe a oe ete 114 7 1 Loadirig PC99 i ds buds A ue er ndn ED leone 114 T2 QUINO P699 tas nempe IRAE EO wale RCe ia 114 7 3 PC99 display icer noiseen RR RR RA e Xe Rade Xo RR Ke Ne e XR XO RR RO RR 115 7 3 1 TI aspect ratio mode oooocccccoccc eee ee 116 7 4 Connecting devices to the PC COM port ocoooccccccccc sees 117 7 5 Using serial ports to transfer Basic programS 06 ccc eee eee 118 7 6 Controlling sound in PC99 Loco 119 VULP C99 Card uos Eee ee Raa ta eee eer ee ee xor RR TR RUM Se ea 119 7 8 Mechatronic Extended Basic I PIUS 0 0 0 cece 120 7 8 1 Loading XBll4 meseriei i cee mn 120 7 8 2 Reading
202. t Requests I RQs for COM ports Most P Cs were manufactured with I SA buses whilesomel BM PCs were manufactured with MCA CF G E XE tests your PC and reports whether it is MCA or not You should only use the IRQs appropriate to your PC At the prompt you can enter any IRQ you need Note that CF G EXE does not validate this value Notes 1 Y ou should only allocate a PC COM port if you have the corresponding hardware Mappinga TI RS232 port to a non existent COM port will fail when P C99 tries to open the port 2 COM5 COM8 should only be used on a MicroChannel machine 3 You cannot havetwo RS232 ports usethe same PC COM port When you exit CF G EXE you will be given a warning and the duplicated ports will be mapped to not used 4 If you disablea TI RS232 port with CF G EXE andthen try to usethat port in a 99 4A application such as Basic the information sent to the non existent port will beignored by P C99 WARNING Many TI applications that usethe RS232 card perform a reset of both ports on the card If you only haveone COM port PC99 will ignore any data sent to the missing port Applications that reset the RS232 card include Terminal Emulator 1 Terminal Emulator 2 Fast T erm and Teaco If you do not intend to usea TI RS232 primary card both serial and parallel you should go to the Peripherals menu and set the peripheral type to none If the peripheral typeis none any application trying to access RS232 RS232 1 RS232 2
203. t file that controls the mapping between PC keys and T1 99 4A keys You would only edit this entry in CFG EXE if you moved the keyboard file to another directory or renamed the file At the main menu select 6 Keyboard PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Thenext menu is displayed Display path of keyboard file Change path of keyboard file Display key age value Change key age valu Ss CO NO pP 6 7 3 Display path of keyboard file A typical display is PC99 PC994A KEY good 2349 bytes good Keyboard file Path Size 6 7 4 Change path of keyboard file The next screen is displayed Current path PC99 PC994A KEY New path You should enter the DOS path to the TI keyboard file If either the path or the size of thefileis wrong the path will not be changed 6 7 5 Display key age value When a key is pressed on theT keyboard corresponding CRU lines areraised When thekey is released the CRU lines return to their normal state It is up toa TI application to catch the keystroke while the key is pressed On thePC key presses arestored in a 15 bytecircular buffer It isup to an application to retrievethe key presses from the buffer and advance the buffer pointer to point to the next key press ToemulatetheT keyboard P C99 detects that a PC key has been pressed It retrieves the key from the PC keyboard buffer and then raises the corresponding emulated TI CRU lines A counter isthen loaded wit
204. t this file if you add or delete a module or want to re order the module list Each entry in the file consists of the module name enclosed in square brackets The module name can be any combination of upper and lower caseand need not bethetrue module name F or example you could have extended basic Of xbasic Below the name arethe DOS filenames of the files that make up the module The number of files varies depending on the module Note Thereis no count valuein PC99 MOD for the number of files in a module Each entry below the name is considered to be a DOS filename belonging to the module until the next name entry is found or until an entry with a as the first character is found PC99 User Manual Stage 6 Note If any entry in PC99 M OD starts with semi colon or hash mark it is considered to bea comment If you use this feature you would normally comment out an entire module the name and the file entries below it If you comment out just the name the entries below it will be considered file entries belonging to the previous module Thelast line in the P C99 MOD file must contain a symbol At the main menu select 9 Modules Thenext menu is displayed Display loaded module names Display loaded module files Change module Check all modules screen report Check all modules disk report Change module count Print module list Set up Super Space bank Display Supe
205. tended Basic files saved in INT VAR 163 MERGE format into ASCII The converted file can be loaded into PC Basic Not all TI Basic statements are valid in PC Basic Thefollowing utilities are used with DSKOUTP EXE PAS2ASC EXE converts TI p System TEXT filesinto ASCII PC99 User Manual Stage 6 The following utilities are used with DSKIN EXE ASC2DV80 E XE takes a DOS ASCII file and converts it to TI Writer format This file can be stored in a TI disk using DSKIN EXE BIN2PGM EXE takesaDOS binaryfilecontainingaTI Basicor Extended Basic PROGRAM file typically downloaded from a bulletin board and converts it to a file This file can be stored in a TI disk using DSKIN EXE DLCONV EXE takes a DOS binary file containing a TI FILES header typically downloaded from a bulletin board and converts it to a file This file can be stored in a TI disk using DSKIN EXE VF2PC99 E XE takes a single v9t9 filein a directory and converts it to PC99 format VD2PC99 E XE takes a v9t9 disk on a disk and converts it to P C99 format TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 2 3 Features available by product There are two P C99 products depending on the package you purchased PC99 Stage 6 Full Includes P C99 E XE standard version PC99A E XE accelerated version all required ROM and GROM files and a range of utility programs PC99 Stage 6 Light Includes PC99L E XE light version all required ROM and GROM files an
206. th theTI Disk Manager or with DSKDIR EXE theTI disk namewill beNEWTEST 162 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 8 Extracting a TI file DSKOUT EXE All thefileson aTI disk arestoredin asingleDOS file such as P C99 DSK DSK 1 Theinformation in this DOS fileis structured in a format representing the physical TI disk This structureincludes TI sectors 0 and 1 the TI File Descriptor Records FDRs and the TI files themselves The TI files can also be fractured and are not necessarily in contiguous order in the DOS file In addition the DOS file contains all the TI disk inter sector information You can extract any TI filefrom an emulated TI disk and storeit as a standalone DOS file You usethe DSKOUT EXE program to do this DSKOUT EXE needs to know the name of the TI emulated disk file the name of the TI file to extract and the name of the DOS file to create The syntax is dskout TI emulated disk file TI filename DOS filename override Example To extract from DSK1theTI fileBLACKBOX X and create the DOS file BLACKBOX OUT 28 gt cd Mpc99Ndskutil gt dskout c pc99 dsk dsk1 blackbox x tmp blackbox out By default dskout will usethe Disk Manager method of searching for file names This method assumes that two consecutive gt 00 bytes in sector 1 means there are no more files on the disk Some protection schemes take advantage of this You can force dskout to keep searching sector 1 and therefore possible FDRs by
207. the DOS prompt install2 a c INSTALL2 E XE expands compressed files into P C99 Insert the PC99 distribution disk 3 in theA drive At the DOS prompt gt install3 a c INSTALL3 E XE expands compressed files into P C99 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 1 2 Configuration You must configure P C99 to match your PC hardware and your personal preferences You do this by runningtheP C99 configuration program CF G EXE CF G EXE is menu driven and al most every screen has context sensitive help To configure P C99 2 Es gt cd pc99 gt cfg Select the section you wish to configure To get help press lt F1 gt One of the main uses of CFG E XE is to change command modules Your list of command modules and their associated filenames arein the ASCII file PC99 MOD 1 3 99 4A emulator PC99 is the TI 99 4A emulator program T here are two products PC99 Stage 6 Full Includes P C99 E XE standard version PC99A EXE accelerated version all required ROM and GROM files and a range of utility programs PC99 Stage 6 Light Includes PC99L E XE light version all required ROM and GROM files and a range of utility programs Note Unless dealing specifically with a particular version all examples will show P C99 E XE You should substitute P C99 E XE PC99A EXE or PC99L EXE where applicable To load P C99 from the DOS prompt gt Cc gt cd pc99 gt pc99 To quit PC99 press lt Esc gt The current
208. through SW DSKMERGE EXE uses this argument to find each file by appending an incrementing ASCII character starting with A You can now use MYDISK DSK in PC99 If you want to use this as DSK1 first save the current PC99 DSK DSK 1 You can then copy MYDISK DSK to PC99 DSK DSK1 155 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 8 3 Checking a PC99 disk DSKCHECK EXE Use DSKCHECK EXE a program that lives in PC99 DSKUTIL to check an emulated disk file The syntax is dskcheck TI dsk file to check DOS log file Example gt cd Mpc99Ndskutil gt dskcheck c pc99 dsk dsk1 c tmp dsk log DSKCHECK EXE will display its progress and record any errors or problems in the file C TMP DSK LOG You can examinethelogfilewith an ASCII editor It contains a complete dump of the disk in hex and ASCII The dump isin the order of the data on the disk and includes checks of the inter sector data Sectors are in interleave order To dump the disk in sector order use DSK DUMP EXE The log file is large over 1Mb You will want to erase it when done to conserve hard disk space 156 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 4 Cataloging a PC99 disk DSKDIR EXE UseDSKDIR EXE a program that lives in PC99 DSK UTIL to catalog an emulated disk filefrom DOS The syntax is dskdir lt TI dsk file gt switches Without any switches DSK DIR EXE will display sector O and fileinformation about the disk in a format similar to that of the TI disk
209. to PC99 CF X Then the new PC99 CFG file is created You arethen returned to the DOS prompt 107 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 6 18 CFG EXE switches CF G EXE isdesigned asa menu driven program M ost TI 99 4A users would becomfortableusingit since many TI programs are menu driven However in systemsthat havean operating system such asa PC runningunder DOS or aSparcUltra running under Solaris Unix it is much less common to have menu driven programs Instead programs are driven by switches A common example of using a switch in DOS is with the dir utility At the DOS prompt if you type gt dir you will get a listing of all files in the current directory showing file size in bytes and date and time of creation If you only need to seethe filenames you can enter dir w The w is a switch to the dir program that tells it to display files in wide format no file size date or time DOS treats and as equivalent characters for switches With an operating system programs can call or exec other programs T hecalling program controlsthe behavior of the called program by passing it one or more switches Of course the called program must be designed to do this CFG EXE hasthefollowing convenient switches which you may optionally use Y ou will usually find that using switches is faster than using the menus You can display the switches available by giving CF G EXE an invalid switch Example
210. tor 6 3 5 5 Change Sound Blaster noise variables Thisisan interactive screen that allows you to change the register values that P C99 uses in the Sound Blaster Yamaha OPL chip You can experiment with the sound by playing rhythm sounds If you change the register values and then save the configuration P C99 will play the rhythm sounds as TI noises using the register values you have chosen TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER A typical display is 0x20 0x40 0x60 0x80 Oxa0 Oxb0 0Oxc0 0xeO Mod ch 01 slot 13 03 00 FO 1f 77 03 01 00 BD ch 02 slot 14 00 00 0 38 00 00 00 00 HH ch 03 slot 15 bf 00 F0 0 ce 00 00 01 TOM Car ch 01 slot 16 03 00 FO TE 00 BD ch 02 slot 17 00 00 F0 88 uz ES 00 SD ch 03 slot 18 Of 00 F0 ff x 00 EG a7 d dS d4 d3 d2 dl dO Oxbd 20 AM VIB EG KSR MULTI 00 Theupper portion of thetableshows theregister values F or example the values under thecolumn 0x20 are the values in registers 0x30 0x31 0x32 0x33 0x34 and 0x35 Note Registers in the range 0xa0 0xc7 do not have a modulator and carrier component T hethree Car entries in these columns of thetable are not used The symbols at the end of each line are BD Bass Drum HH Hi hat TOM Tomtom SD Snaredrum TC Top cymbal Thelower portion of the display shows the bit values of the current register as well as the contents of the Oxbd register You use
211. tried to open oneof thefour disk files listed in PC99 CF G and failed Run CFG EXE and changethe entry so that the path tothe disk fileis valid I n the directory CAPCIADSK you should have at least nine file FMT21 DSK FMT22 DSK PFMT21 DSK PFMT22 DSK DSK1 DSK2 DSK3 DSK4 and PC99 DSK FMT21 DSK represents a blank DSSD formatted TI disk FMT22 DSK represents a blank DSDD formatted TI disk 11 6 Can t open lt filename gt PC99 tried to open one of the files listed in PC99 CF G Run CFG EXE and change the entry so that the path to thefileis valid 11 7 Error messages corrupt display When P C99 encounters a severe error it reports it to stdout The message is printed on the screen followingthelast placethat a printf took place n Debug M ode 1 thisis usually the spinning wheel that shows the keyboard CRU lines areactive Theerror messagewill wrap intotheTI screen area corrupting the display If the message is not fatal you can press lt Esc gt to go to the debugger and then lt c gt to continue PC99 will then redraw the TI screen correctly 11 8 COM port problems PC99 uses interrupt driven assembly code developed by Greenleaf Software to drive the PC COM port Although P C99 can useCOM 1 COM 4 on an ISA PC and COM 1 COM80n an MCA PC it is recommended that you try to use COM1 or COM2 Totest the COM port run CFG EXE and then Test Alternatively you can connect your PC toaTI RS232 port In PC99 load Terminal Emulator Terminal
212. uality of the Speech Synthesizer as delivered with the 99 4A 2 Enhanced This uses alogrithms that were in development but were not released with the 99 4A Ex you want to use enhanced speech quality ssq 2 7 10 37 toff Instruction trace off 7 10 38 ton Instruction trace on Allows you to trace every instruction executed WARNING This command can quickly createlarge files on your hard drive Example You have reached a point in an application and want to trace the instructions being executed ton NtmpN junk Every CPU instruction being executed will be written to thefile showing instruction number memory address hex value of CPU instruction and disassembled instruction Example To turn thetrace off toff 149 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER 7 10 39 troff Instruction trace off 7 10 40 tron Instruction trace on Allows you to trace every instruction executed and create a file which can be played back WARNING This command can quickly create large files on your hard drive Example Y ou havereached a point in an application and want to record theinstructions being executed tron NtmpN junk Every CPU instruction being executed will be written to the file showing instruction number memory address hex value of CPU instruction and disassembled instruction Example To turn thetrace off troff 7 10 41 v Set maximum VDP interrupt counter PC99 simulates a VDP interrupt when its VDP interrupt co
213. ult debug mode 2 Change show startup info 3 Change VDP interrupt count 4 Change delay value 1 5 Change delay value 2 6 Change illegal action response 7 Change CPU type 8 Change VDP type 9 Change speech quality 10 Change Gramulator emulation 11 Set up mini screen You can change the Debug mode Startup info state VDP interrupt count Delay values Illegal action response CPU type VDP type Speech quality Gramulator emulation and set up Mini Screen values PC99 User Manual Stage 6 6 5 2 1 Change default debug mode Thenext menu is displayed Debug mode 0 No debug 1 No debug 2 Peripheral status 3 Overlay file 4 Mini screen 5 TI aspect ratio PC99 has five debug modes Mode O PC99 displays a standard TI screen 256w x 192h on the PC screen with the PC video Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 mode set to 320w x 200h Nothing is displayed in the 64 pixel area to the right of the TI screen T his mode allows P C99 to execute at maxi mum speed PC99 displays a standard TI screen 256w x 192h on the PC screen with the PC video mode set to 320w x 200h VDP and peripheral status information together with the read write state of the disks is displayed in the64 pixel areatotheright of theTI screen When a disk is read from a green block is displayed next to thedisk number When a disk is written to a red block is displayed to the right of the position of the green block PC99 display
214. unter reaches zero You can increase or decrease the number of VDP interrupts in a given time This may improve performance with some applications Example v 1300 A VDP interrupt will occur every 1300 TI instructions 150 PC99 User Manual Stage 6 8 PC99 utility programs 8 1 Using Read Sector and Write Sector to transfer disks Your P C99 package includes utility programs to transfer disks between PC99 and a TI 99 4A in both directions using a serial line Therequirements are A TI 99 4A system with disk controller at least one disk drive an RS232 card and the Editor Assembler or Extended Basic module With a TI Disk Controller you can transfer up to DSSD 720 sectors With a M yarc Disk Controller you can transfer up to DSDD 1440 sectors ThePC99 utility disk for the TI 99 4A A PC with PC99 installed and at least one COM port A straight through cable to connect the TI RS232 port to the PC COM port You can usea standard P C cableusually described as AT modem cable Note A PC null modem cablewill not work The section Connecting devices to the PC COM port shows the pinouts of the cable During installation of P C99 a copy of the TI PC99 utility disk is stored in the file PC99 DSK in PC9A DSK This disk contains the utility programs Read Sector and Write Sector e Read Sector will read a TI disk sector by sector and write groups of 32 sectors at a timein 8K PROGRAM fileformat to a serial
215. use The mode corresponds to the value entered after the set debug mode sdm command Dbg Mode Cmd 01234 01234 c 01234 C 01234 cd VO CL ues CLE 01234 dv 01234 dwe 01234 dwp 3 3 gploff 3 gplon 01234 k EIS kboftt Los kbon 01234 li 3 mod wid MOS 01234 Q Licey AS ON 633 Sca 01234 sdl 01234 sd2 01234 sdm 2333 SMB 01234 soff 01234 son 01234 ssq Ou SED de Spr eso SpBa tae SPLC 3 sprd Zee c SP BE 01234 ss vou DO S9 ROLL Ss tron nds FEXLOE 01234 v Parameter lt drive number gt lt num gt lt C or Gn or R gt lt drive number gt lt drive number gt Usage Help print command list Continue with the program Auto continue without having to hit Enter Change disk file Continue for num instructions and then stop al a2 file FORCE Dump memory to file Dump video memory to screen Disk write enable allow disk writes Disk write protect disallow disk writes Edit mini screen GPL opcodes stop flagging fetches at PC gt 0078 GPL opcodes start flagging fetches at PC gt 0078 Set keystroke duration Keyboard wheel off Keyboard wheel on Load interrupt Mini screen objects disable all Mini screen objects nable all Quit PC99 and return to DOS Single step lt percentage gt lt percentage gt mode int count Single step without having to hit
216. y in Memory Enter a AMS card memory Placethecursor on thethreedigitsfollowingtheword AM S and enter a decimal value between 000 and 255 to select a 4K AMS bank C CPU memory g GROM memory Place the cursor on the two digits following the word GROM and enter a decimal value between 00 and 15 to select a GROM bank m Myarc 512K card memory Placethe cursor on thetwo digits following the word M yar and enter a decimal value between 00 and 15 to select a 32K Myarc bank V VDP memory 139 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS HOME COMPUTER Y ou select a memory address in the range gt 0000 F F FF by enteringit in any row in thefour digit column below Memory For the AMS memory you can enter 5 digits in the range gt 00000 1F FFF You edit a memory object by placing the Mini Screen cursor over a hex value field and entering a new value or by placing the cursor over an ASCII value field and entering a new ASCII character You can scroll any memory object by placing theMini Screen cursor in the object and using the P age Up gt and Page Down gt keys You can search any memory object by entering values as hex or ASCII You enter two digit hex values in the 12 fields abovethe memory object You enter ASCII valuesin theAsc field When you haveentered the search values you can search forward or back from the current base address in the window Press Alt N to find the N ext occurrence of the search values in higher memory addresses Press

IBM PC emulator for the Texas Instruments TI

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