Lake Shore Model 410 Gaussmeter Manual
Contents
1. Select Range If gauss ia selected press the Range key to toggle the display between 200 G 2 kG 20 kG and Auto Range If tesla is selected pressing the Range key toggles between 20 mT 200 mT 2 T and Auto Range In Auto Range mode the Model 410 selects the range with the best resolution for the field being measured It can take up to 2 seconds for Auto Range to work so manual ranging may be better in some conditions Auto Ranging should not be used when measuring small fields in a large background field i e measuring a small DC field in presence of a large AC field or measuring a small AC field in the presence of a large DC field 11 Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Operation Continued 4 12 Zero Probe The zero probe function is used to null cancel out small magnetic fields and probe offsets For the Model 410 the zero probe routine is normally initiated while holding the probe away from any major magnetic field but may also be used with the optional Model 4060 Zero Gauss Chamber Upon pushing the Zero Probe key the Zero Probe indicator in the LCD will come on Remove the probe from the presence of any large magnetic field Then push Enter or the Zero Probe key again to initiate zeroing To zero the probe in the optional Zero Gauss Chamber press Zero Probe carefully place the probe tip into the chamber and press Zero Probe again Orientation of the probe is not critical Do not move the prob2. 1 Install Batteries Remove two Phillips head screws from rear door of Model 410 Be careful not to lose or damage rubber washers under the screwheads Remove door Do not lose or damage the rubber gasket inside battery door Install 4 AA Batteries observing the polarity signs for each cell inside the battery compartment Replace battery door Select Probe The Model 410 uses either Transverse and Axial probes The Transverse probe has the Hall sensor mounted parallel to the probe axis and measures magnetic fields perpendicular to the probe axis See figure below Hall Sensor Transverse Probe Top View Measures Flux Density Perpendicular To Probe Axis 2 yyy Transverse Probe Side View The Axial probe has the Hall sensor mounted perpendicular to the probe axis and measures magnetic fields parallel to the probe axis See the figure at the top of the next page Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Initial Setup Continued 10 Hall Sensor fa Measures Flux lt t Density Parallel lt To Probe Axis Axial Probe Top View Install Probe Plug the probe into the center connector at the top of the Gaussmeter If the extension cable is used plug the probe into the cable end The probe connector is keyed so that when installed the Cal No faces the user To remove probe or extension cable push the black button on the front of the connector and pull away from unit Do not twist Turn On Instr
3. a Press and hold the Enter key for 10 seconds until LLL is displayed All changes to settings are locked out except for the following The Alarm can be turned on and off e The current Alarm Point can be displayed e The Calibration Number can be displayed e Power can be turned on and off e Pressing and holding the Escape key will display the software date but the unit will not be reset If the user attempts to make any other changes LLL is displayed on the LCD b To unlock the unit press and hold the Enter key again for 10 seconds until is displayed Changes to settings will then be accepted Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual PROBE CONSIDERATIONS To avoid damage and for best results during use the probes have a number of handling and accuracy requirements that must be observed These considerations are changing probes probe handling probe operation and accuracy considerations 1 Changing Probes When inserting a probe grasp the metal part of the connector and to push the probe straight into the connector When removing the probe grasp only on the metal part of the probe push the black button and pull straight out Do not twist the probe connector Be sure to enter the new calibration number when changing probes The Cal No is printed on the label on the probe Do not enter the Serial No The unit will not function with the probe removed If the unit is powered up w
4. User s Manual Model 410 Gaussmeter 234 LakeShore Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of Lake Shore Cryotronics Inc No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has existed which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary rights of Lake Shore Cryotronics Inc in these developments Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U S Patents existing or applied for Lake Shore Cryotronics Inc reserves the right to add improve modify or withdraw functions design modifications or products at any time without notice Lake Shore shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with furnishing performance or use of this material Revision 1 3 P N 119 002 11 May 2004 Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT WARRANTY PERIOD ONE 1 YEAR 1 Lake Shore warrants that this Lake Shore product the Product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for the Warranty Period specified above the Warranty Period If Lake Shore receives notice ofany such defects during the Warranty Period and the Product is shipped freight prepaid Lake Shore will at its option either repair or replace the Product if it is so defective without charge to the owner for parts service labor or associated customary return shipping cost Any such replacement
5. 5 deviation causes a 0 4 error a 10 deviation causes a 1 5 error etc NOTE For best results the instrument and probe should warm up for atleast 5 minutes before operation The probe and the zero gauss chamber should be at the same temperature The user must consider all the possible contributors to the accuracy of the reading Both the probe and gaussmeter have accuracy specifications that may affect the actual reading The probe should be zeroed before making critical measurements The zero probe function is used to null cancel out the zero offset of the probe or small magnetic fields It is normally used in conjunction with the zero gauss chamber but may also be used with a probe in a free condition oriented for minimum Earth s magnetic field effect Users wishing to cancel out large magnetic fields should use the Relative function Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Probe Accuracy Considerations Continued Probe temperature can also affect readings Refer to the specifications at the front of this manual Probe readings are dependent on the angle of the sensor Hall sensor in relation to the magnetic field Maximum output occurs when the flux vector is perpendicular to the plane of the sensor This is the condition that exists during factory calibration The greater the deviation from orthogonality from right angles in either of three axes the larger the error of the reading For example a 5 variance on an
6. Flexible Probe Maximum Bend Angle Figure 3 Maximum Flexible Probe Bend Radius Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual 3 Probe Operation NOTE For best results the instrument and probe should warm up for at least 5 minutes before operation If used the optional Zero Gauss Chamber and probe should be at the same temperature In the DC mode of operation the orientation of the probe affects the polarity reading of the gaussmeter On a transverse probe the black button on the connector indicates the side for positive flux entry On an axial probe positive flux entry is always from the front of the probe See Figure 4 Black Button Indicates Positive Polarity itt ih Transverse Probe Orientation For Positive Measurement ET j Axial Probe Orientation For Positive Measurement Figure 4 Probe Orientation For Positive Measurement 17 Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Probe Operation Continued 18 If the exact direction of the magnetic field is unknown its orientation is determined by slowly rotating the probe As the probe turns the measured field rises and falls Make note of the probe orientation at the maximum reading to identify the field direction Probe Accuracy Considerations NOTE Probe readings are dependent upon the angle of the sensor in relation to the magnetic field The further from 90 the angle between the probe and the field the greater the percentage of error e g a
7. for the Product may be either new or equivalent in performance to new Replacement or repaired parts will be warranted for only the unexpired portion of the original warranty or 90 days whichever is greater 2 Lake Shore warrants the Product only if it has been sold by an authorized Lake Shore employee sales representative dealer or original equipment manufacturer OEM 3 The Product may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subject to incidental use 4 The Warranty Period begins on the date of delivery of the Product or later on the date of installation of the Product ifthe Product is installed by Lake Shore provided that if you schedule or delay the Lake Shore installation for more than 30 days after delivery the Warranty Period begins on the 3 1st day after delivery 5 This limited warranty does not apply to defects in the Product resulting from a improper or inadequate maintenance repair or calibration b fuses software and non rechargeable batteries c software interfacing parts or other supplies not furnished by Lake Shore d unauthorized modification or misuse e operation outside of the published specifications or f improper site preparation or maintenance 6 To the extent allowed by applicable law the above warranties are exclusive and no other warranty or condition whether written or oral is expressed or implied Lake shore specifically disclaims any implied warranties
8. maximum deviation from the setpoint is displayed 7 Alarm On Off and Alarm Point The alarm gives an audible and visual indication of when the field is greater than a user specified value The alarm is activated whenever the displayed field exceeds the alarm point regardless of the sign positive or negative of the reading Before using the alarm function the user must define the Alarm Point When the Alarm Point key is initially pushed the unit will display the current alarm point If this number is acceptable push the Enter or Escape key If another alarm point is desired then enter another number using the numerical keypad 13 Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Operation Continued 14 When the alarm point is exceeded an audible alarm inside the unit will sound and the Alarm indicator will flash Push the Alarm On Off key to turn the alarm off To change the range of the alarm point the user must first exit the alarm point change to the desired range return to Alarm Point and begin to enter numbers Filter The filter function averages several sequential field readings It is used to quiet the display making it more readable when the probe is exposed to a noisy field Filtering should not be used with Max Hold since it slows reaction to changes in the field value Keypad Lock The keypad lock prevents accidental changes from being made to the setup Use the following procedure to activate the Keypad Lock
9. or conditions of merchantability satisfactory quality and or fitness fora particular purpose with respect to the product Some countries states or provinces do not allow limitations on an implied warranty so the above limitation or exclusion might not apply to you This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you might also have other rights that vary from country to country state to state or province to province 7 To the extent allowed by applicable law the remedies in this warranty statement are your sole and exclusive remedies 8 Except to the extent prohibited by applicable law inno event will lake shore or any ofits subsidiaries affiliates or suppliers be liable for direct special incidental consequential or other damages including lost profit lost data or downtime costs arising out of the use inability to use or result of use of the product whether based in warranty contract tort or other legal theory and whether or not lake shore has been advised of the possibility of such damages Your use of the Product is entirely at your own risk Some countries states and provinces do not allow the exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation may not apply to you 9 Except to the extent allowed by applicable law the terms of this limited warranty statement do not exclude restrict or modify and are in addition to the mandatory statutory rights applicable to the sale of the product t
10. should appear please call Lake Shore Technical Service at 614 891 2243 or e mail at service lakeshore com NOTES Lake Shore is a technology leader in the development of cryogenic temperature sensors precision low temperature measurement and control instrumentation and magnetic measurement and test systems Since 1968 Lake Shore physicists material scientists and engineers have dedicated themselves to the development of tomorrow s technology today Lake Shore serves a worldwide network of Customers including university and national laboratories as well as many of the premier companies around the world gl akeShore Lake Shore Cryotronics Inc 575 McCorkle Boulevard Westerville OH 43082 8888 USA Fax 614 891 1392 Phone 614 891 2243 E Mail Addresses sales lakeshore com service lakeshore com Visit Our Website www lakeshore com
11. the probe last entered is displayed Every probe has a unique number assigned to it The number is located on the base of the probe If the number is correct i e the same probe is still mounted to the unit press the Enter or Escape key to accept the current display If the Calibration number does not match use the appropriate number keys to enter the 2 3 or 4 digit number followed by the Enter key Used to accept the numbers displayed during numerical entry The Escape key is used to terminate a function like Alarm or Cal No without making changes to the existing settings The unit will then return to normal operation The LOW BATT indicator will come on when the batteries begin to reach the end of their useful life Readings may not be as accurate when the batteries get low Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual AXIAL AND TRANSVERSE PROBES The Model 410 Gaussmeter can use either the axial or transverse probe shown in Figure 2 Flux A gt 27 9 Density 1 5 Mmm 1 1 0 06 66 0 6 4 mm pes 66 0 2 6 0 25 6 4mm 2 6 0 25 114 3 6 4mm X 4 5 0 25 3 2 mm DN 0 125 4954 114 3 Nominal Nominal 6 4mm diameter diameter 4 5 0 25 flexible flexible stem stem Transverse Probe Model MST 410 Axial Probe Model MSA 410 Figure 2 Axial and Transverse Probes Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual INITIAL SETUP Initial setup of the Model 410 Gaussmeter is defined as follows
12. IONS Display LCD 3 digits Update Rate 2 5 times second Resolution 0 1 gauss 200 gauss range DC Accuracy 2 of reading 0 1 of full scale at 25 C Including instrument probe and a calibration transfer AC Accuracy 5 of reading Frequency Response DC and 20 Hz to 10 kHz Three Ranges 200 0 G 420 00 mT 2 000 kG 200 mT 20 00 kG 42 000 T Temperature Range 0 to 50 C Operating Instrument Temperature Coefficient 0 05 of reading per C Instrument and Probe Temperature Coefficient 0 1 of reading per C Weight 0 45 kilograms 1 pound Size 19 3 x 9 9 x 4 32 cm 7 6 x 3 9 x 1 7 in Power Battery Operated 4 AA life gt 160 hours Other Features Max Hold Relative Reading Mode Alarm Filter settings retained in memory on power down and water resistant enclosure Lake Shore certifies that this product has been inspected and tested in accordance with its published specifications and that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment The accuracy and calibration of this product at the time of shipment are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST formerly known as the National Bureau of Standards NBS or to a recognized natural standard 2 Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual ACCESSORIES The Gaussmeter is provided with the following accessories 1 Carrying Case A soft or hard case is provided depending on t
13. e while calibrating For best results periodic zeroing of the probe is recommended Users wishing to cancel large magnetic fields should use the Relative function Max Hold and Max Reset The Max Hold function displays the largest field magnitude measured since the last Max Reset When the Max Hold key is pressed the maximum value is captured and shown in the display The Max Reset key clears the hold value The hold value is also reset upon power up or when changing from AC or DC Max Hold may also be used in conjunction with the Relative display Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Operation Continued In AC or DC operation the Max Hold feature holds the field reading that is largest in magnitude This is intended to monitor slowly changing signals A field change not visible on the display cannot be recorded in Max Hold The display shows only the magnitude of the max reading Reasons to use Max Hold include 1 to capture readings in hard to get at places and 2 to display the maximum field when field orientation is unknown It is also useful when measuring high gradient fields 6 Relative The relative function lets the user see small variations in larger fields The setpoint or center of the relative reading is captured when you press the Relative key nulling the present field The plus or minus deviation from that setpoint is then displayed When Relative and Max Hold functions are used at the same time only the
14. he model ordered 2 Choice of Transverse Probe senses magnetic fields perpendicular to probe axis Axial Probe senses magnetic fields parallel to probe axis or both depending on the model ordered 3 Model MPEC 410 3 Probe Extension Cable Allows probe to be extended 1 meter 3 feet from unit 4 Model 4106 Set of 4 AA Batteries 5 Users Manual OPTIONS The following options are also available for the Model 410 Gaussmeter 1 Model 4060 Zero Gauss Chamber Small chamber in which to place tip of probe to eliminate background magnetic fields 2 Model MPEC 410 10 Probe Extension Cable Allows probe to be extended 3 meters 10 feet from unit 3 Model 4107 Bench Support Allows Model 410 to be used on the bench top Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual FRONT PANEL The Model 410 Gaussmeter front panel is shown in Figure 1 The top connector is the probe connector LOWBATT 200kKGRANGE AUTORANGE ACDC ALARM 2002mTRANGE FILTER RELATIVE 18 88 CALNO ZEROPROBE MAX HOLD Escape S Relative Filter 5 6 Off LakeShore 410 Gaussmeter Figure 1 Model 410 Front Panel Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual FRONT PANEL CONTROLS The Model 410 Gaussmeter front panel keys are defined as follows Segments of the LCD are activated to reflect user se
15. ith no probe attached a series of three dashes is displayed The unit will automatically re initialize when a probe is inserted Probe Handling CAUTION Care must be exercised when handling the probe The tip of the probe is very fragile Stressing the Hall sensor can alter its calibration Any excess force can easily break the sensor Broken sensors are not repairable Although every attempt has been made to make the probes as sturdy as possible they are still fragile The probe should only be held in place by securing at the handle The probe stem should never have force applied Excessive force may destroy the Hall sensor 15 Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Probe Handling Continued 16 tip of probe Sensor Substrate 45 The axial sensor is exposed on the end of the probe A collision with a hard surface can damage the sensor or wear away its protective coating The transverse sensor is more protected but is somewhat susceptible to bending stress and erosion of the protective coating As a rule the stem should not be bent more than 45 from the base See Figure 3 Force should never be applied to the tip of the probe On all probes do not pinch or allow cables to be struck by any heavy or sharp objects Damaged probes are not repairable When the gaussmeter is not in use the probes should be stored separately in the supplied protective tubes Do not bend from f Hall Effect Sensor Stem
16. lected operating modes ON OFF AC DC Turns power to the unit on Turns power to the unit off Selects AC periodic magnetic field measurement Selects DC static magnetic field measurement Gauss Tesla Changes units from gauss to tesla Gauss is Range Max Hold Max Reset used in the cgs system 1 G 10 T Tesla is used in the SI system 1 T 104 G Push to select the field measurement range If the user has selected Gauss as the units pressing the Range key toggles the display between 200 Gauss G 2 kilogauss kG 20 kG full scale and Auto Range If the user has selected Tesla pressing the Range key will toggle the display between 20 millitesla mT 200 mT 2 tesla T and Auto Range Turns Max Hold feature on and off Max Hold captures and displays the highest field reading Use Max Reset key to clear reading Max Hold is not designed to capture instantaneous peaks and should not be confused with Peak Hold Works with the Max Hold function Resets the Max reading back to zero to capture the next max reading Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Front Panel Controls Continued Relative Filter Alarm On Off Alarm Point Best described as a user entered offset This key captures the field reading as the relative setpoint then displays the positive or negative deviation from that setpoint The relative feature is often used to offset large magnetic fields The relative feature can al
17. o you Copyright 1993 1996 1997 1999 2003 and 2004 by Lake Shore Cryotronics Inc All rights reserved No portion of this manual may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the express written permission of Lake Shore A Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual INTRODUCTION The Model 410 Gaussmeter is a hand held field portable unit that measures AC and DC magnetic fields The unit is designed for wide range high accuracy and ease of use User interface is via front panel keys and a custom liquid crystal display LCD Most user features are one pushbutton away The Model 410 is provided in one of four configurations Model 410 SCT in a soft case with a transverse probe Model 410 SCA in a soft case with an axial probe Model 410 SCAT in a soft case with axial and transverse probe Model 410 HCAT in a hard case with axial and transverse probe Although the Model 410 is water resistant it is not waterproof Under no circumstances should the unit be immersed in water or subjected to continuous high humidity conditions This manual contains information about instrument specifications accessories options front panel front panel controls axial and transverse probes initial setup operation probe considerations and what to do in case of trouble Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual SPECIFICAT
18. so be used with the Max Hold and Alarm features Toggles between an immediate display no Filter or an average display of the last 8 readings Filter on This feature makes the display more stable by averaging out the noise Toggles between Alarm On and Alarm Off The alarm is activated whenever the magnitude of the magnetic field exceeds the alarm point regardless of the polarity positive or negative When pushed the unit will display the current alarm point If this number is acceptable push the Enter key If another alarm point is desired then enter another number using the numerical keypad If the new alarm point is in a different range then escape Alarm Point set the range then return to Alarm Point When the alarm point is exceeded an audible alarm inside the unit will sound and the Alarm indicator will flash Push the Alarm On Off key to turn the alarm off Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual Front Panel Controls Continued Zero Probe Cal No Enter Escape LOW BATT Used to zero or null effects of ambient low level fields from the probe When the user pushes the Zero Probe key Zero Probe and _ are displayed The user may then press either Enter or the Zero Probe key again to begin the zero probe routine The unit then automatically accepts whatever residual field it reads as a zero offset forcing the display to zero When the unit is first turned on the Calibration Number of
19. ument Push the Power On key The LCD displays all annunciators then the current Calibration Number and then returns to the state it was in before being turned off Calibrate Probe to Meter Push the Cal No key If the Calibration number shown on the display matches the number on the probe press the Enter key and proceed to Operation If the Calibration number does not match use the appropriate number keys to enter the 2 3 or 4 digit number followed by the Enter key To verify you have entered the correct number press the Cal No key again check the number then press the Enter key Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual OPERATION Operation of the Model 410 is defined as follows 1 Turn On Meter Push the Power On key The LCD displays all annunciators the current Calibration Number and then the display returns to the state it was in before being turned off Gauss Tesla Field values are displayed in gauss G or tesla T Press the Gauss Tesla key to toggles the display between the two units The relation between gauss and tesla is 1 G 0 0001 T or 1 T 10 000 G When field units are changed relative and alarm setpoints are converted to the new units with no interruption in operation When tesla is selected the Model 410 displays AC or DC field values followed by T for tesla or mT for millitesla When gauss is selected the Model 410 displays AC or DC field values followed by kG for kilogauss or G for gauss
20. y one axis causes a 0 4 error a 10 misalignment induces a 1 5 error etc See Figure 5 29 3 45 B 13 4 6 0 3 4 15 aoe 0 4 5 0 0 Error Deviation from Perpendicular 0 Effect of angular variations on percentage of reading error where Error 1 cos 100 Figure 5 Effect Of Angle On Measurements 19 Model 410 Gaussmeter User s Manual IN CASE OF TROUBLE In case of trouble with the Model 410 refer to the following instructions 1 20 Software Revision Date When talking to the factory it is often necessary to know the revision date of the Model 410 operating software Hold down the Escape key for 10 seconds In the right hand two digit spaces of the LCD the software revision date will be displayed in DD MM YY sequence Instrument Reset If you continue to hold the Escape key while the software revision date is being displayed the unit will be reset As soon as all the annunciators are displayed let go of the Escape key The instrument will be reset to the following defaults Cal No 1000 20 kG Range DC All special functions off Error Code E2 If the internal non volatile memory has failed error code E2 will be displayed for 3 seconds on power up then the unit will return to the default settings listed above The unit will still function but user settings including Calibration Number will not be retained upon power down If this error code
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