Face Recognition User Manual - I-Cube
Contents
1. 10 4 1 Introduction to biometric identification techniques 10 4 1 1 What is a biometric 10 4 1 2 How a biometric system works 11 4 1 3 Types of Biometric Systems 11 4 1 3 1 Fingerprints 11 4 1 3 2 Hand geometry 11 4 1 3 3 Retina 11 4 1 3 4 Iris 12 4 1 3 5 Face 12 4 1 3 6 Signature 12 4 1 3 7 Voice 13 4 1 4 Compa2. 15 Figure 10 Importing a subject 15 Figure 11 Subject directory selection 15 Figure 12 Subject image selection 15 Figure 13 Subject image display 15 Figure 14 Manual eye position selection by clicking and holding 16 Figure 15 Auto Alignment of the eye positions 16 Figure 16 Search results 16 Figure 17 Identical image search results 16 Figure 18 Search results ranking 17 Figure 19 Closest face image search result 17 Figure 20 Closest face image search result 18 Figure 21 E
3. 28 7 3 Power Supply does not work 28 Appendix A 29 Face Recognition User Manual Page 4 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 4 2003 12 08 List of Figures PAGE Figure 2 MBA Dissertation assists in evaluation of proposed biometric solutions Exclusive to I Cube 7 Figure 3 I Cube face recognition system 9 Figure 4 I Cube DB Search desktop icon 14 Figure 5 I Cube DB Search application 14 Figure 6 Open an existing database 14 Figure 7 Selecting the white male database 14 Figure 8 White male database 14 Figure 9 Column names
4. 7 1 2 Value proposition 7 1 3 Typical client 8 1 3 1 Casino client 8 1 3 2 Shopping Centre or large shop such as Gateway or Game 8 1 3 3 Small shop or work place environment 8 Hardware setup 9 2 OPERATING SYSTEM ISSUES 9 2 1 OS Setup 9 2 1 1 OS Setup Useful References 9 3 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION SETUP 9 3 1 Components 9 4 BIOMETRICS
5. 21 Figure 34 Create Full Templates 22 Face Recognition User Manual Page 5 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 5 2003 12 08 TRAINING OUTLINE Competence Instr Time Training Topic Pg Ref Required Own No limit Face Recognition User Manual Page 6 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 6 2003 12 08 1 INTRODUCTION Welcome to I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search currently the world s most advanced face recognition tool Technology once reserved for the fictional world of James Bond is now at your fingertips and using it you ll be able to capture and store the images of tens of thousands of faces then electronically compare them against each other to find the face you re looking for fast Already I CUBE DB Search is becoming a powerful ally for law enforcement agencies as well as corporate and private security systems It is a bold groundbreaking step in the revolutionary field of biometrics This user s guide is designed to help you operate all of the functions and tools I CUBE DB Search has to offer Once you run the program you ll find that a little bit of experimentation goes a long way towards developing your proficiency The entire text of this guide is appears in not only on the Lap Top but also on line at www i cube co za 1 1 Uses for I CUBE fac
6. 19 5 3 Creating own new image database 20 5 3 1 Create the Face Templates 22 5 3 2 Creating a New Database 23 5 3 3 Selecting a Subject 24 5 3 4 Searching for a Subject 24 5 4 FaceIt Settings 25 5 5 Tips for More Speed 26 6 REMOTE MONITORING 27 6 1 Introduction 27 7 TROUBLESHOOTING 28 7 1 BIOS Setup 28 7 2 Mechanical Issues
7. selecting the Set as Subject item in the Records menu It the subject is not part of the database then use the Import Subject under the File menu or press the Import Subject Button or if the subject search dialog is opened you can simply drag and drop the image file to set it as the subject Once a subject is set its face position must be determined This can be done manually by clicking on the eye positions with the mouse or by pressing the Auto Alignment button on the subject search dialog 5 3 4 Searching for a Subject There are different types of searches available to demonstrate the different searching methods All types are available through the main menu under Database Search or from the subject search dialog from the drop down list The types of searches available are Standard Scan and Hierarchical and variations of each Standard The standard search is the most basic and slowest way to search It uses the settings from View FaceIt Settings and reads the data from the big FID file Since the data Face Recognition User Manual Page 25 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 25 2003 12 08 in the FID file is fairly large the search will be IO limited when set for Scan intensity It is best suited for searches where the entire database is to be searched in Normal or Intensive mode Scan using Full Template This is identical to a Standard when the compare intensity is set
8. to Scan The data is pulled from the big FID file Scan using Vector Here the search is done using the vector templates The compare settings do not affect vector template comparisons The data is pulled from the vector FID VFID file This should perform very fast compared to the full templates Scan using Vector in RAM Performs the same scan as Scan using Vector except this time the data is pulled directly from RAM eliminating all disk access You must first load the vectors into ram from the Database menu You should achieve the fastest search results using this method typically in excess of 15 000 000 records per minute on a 400MHz computer Hierarchical The hierarchical search is the type of search you would most likely use in your application It first scans through the data in the fastest possible way It then sorts the results and takes the top of the matches and runs them through a standard search using Intensive mode You will have to decide on the to send to quick mode depending on the size and quality of your database On a large database 100 000 records or more with good images 1 may be more than enough For this demo you can chose 1 2 5 and 10 5 4 FaceIt Settings When Auto Aligning images you may want to change the settings in the for face finding The face finding intensity ranges from 0 to 10 with a default of 8 High numbers search harder for a face but ar
9. Very High High High High Cost User acceptance Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High Required security level High Medium High Very High Medium Medium Medium Long term stability High Medium High High Medium Medium Medium The large number of factors involved makes a simple cost comparison impractical Face Recognition User Manual Page 14 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 14 2003 12 08 5 I CUBE DATABASE SEARCH The I CUBE Database Search is designed to simply easily and quickly get a fully functional face database search application up and running 5 1 Face Image Comparison Figure 4 I Cube DB Search desktop icon Open the application by double clicking the short cut on the desktop I CUBE Database Search or select the application from Start programs I Cube I CUBE DB Search Figure 5 I Cube DB Search application 5 1 1 Selecting the White Male Database Select OPEN from the File menu or Press the OPEN button on the toolbar Figure 6 Open an existing database Figure 7 Selecting the white male database Select the database to open C face recognition images male white white male txt Figure 8 White male database Face Recognition User Manual Page 15 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 15 2003 12 08 The total number of images in the database is listed on the bottom right Next to the is the actual image number current
10. configuration can accommodate a wide range of applications Organizations are using hand geometry readers in various scenarios including time and attendance recording where they have proved extremely popular Ease of integration into other systems and processes coupled with ease of use makes hand geometry an obvious first step for many biometric projects 4 1 3 3 Retina Face Recognition User Manual Page 12 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 12 2003 12 08 A retina based biometric involves analyzing the layer of blood vessels situated at the back of the eye An established technology this technique involves using a low intensity light source through an optical coupler to scan the unique patterns of the retina Retinal scanning can be quite accurate but does require the user to look into a receptacle and focus on a given point This is not particularly convenient if you wear glasses or are concerned about having close contact with the reading device For these reasons retinal scanning is not warmly accepted by all users even though the technology itself can work well 4 1 3 4 Iris An iris based biometric on the other hand involves analyzing features found in the colored ring of tissue that surrounds the pupil Iris scanning undoubtedly the less intrusive of the eye related biometrics uses a fairly conventional camera element and requires no close contact between the user and the reader In addition it has the potential for higher than aver
11. Face Recognition User Manual Page 1 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 1 2003 12 08 I CUBE Integrated Intelligent Imaging Face Recognition User Manual Document Configuration Document Name Face Recognition User Manual Document Number I Cube 001 doc Revision A Date 19 November 2003 Electronic File D btd I Cube user manuals Prepared for Development Author Barry T Dudley Configured by BTD Security Classification None Distribution Web site www i cube co za CD and Installed with Systems Distribution Format Word doc PDF file Document Amendment Record Revision Date ECP No Amended by Summary of Changes Face Recognition User Manual Page 2 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 2 2003 12 08 CONTENTS TRAINING OUTLINE 5 1 introduction 6 1 1 Uses for I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search 6 1 1 1 Law enforcement 7 1 1 2 Security 7 1 1 3 Surveillance
12. ach person must get their own folder of images 18 Figure 22 CCTV camera application 19 Figure 23 Demonstration of the optimal size of the face in the image 19 Figure 24 Digital image capture 19 Figure 25 I Cube DB Search desktop icon 20 Figure 26 I Cube DB Search application 20 Figure 27 I Cube DB Search desktop icon 20 Figure 28 Press and hold to zoom in 20 Figure 29 Click once on the eye to mark the position of the eye 20 Figure 30 Press and hold to zoom in 21 Figure 31 Click once on the eye to mark the position of the eye 21 Figure 32 Auto Align all records 21 Figure 33 Sort records by alignment then manually fix
13. age template matching performance Iris biometrics work with glasses in place and is one of the few devices that can work well in identification mode Ease of use and system integration have not traditionally been strong points with iris scanning devices but you can expect improvements in these areas as new products emerge 4 1 3 5 Face Face recognition analyzes facial characteristics It requires a digital camera to develop a facial image of the user for authentication This technique has attracted considerable interest although many people don t completely understand its capabilities Some vendors have made extravagant claims which are very difficult if not impossible to substantiate in practice for facial recognition devices However the casino industry has capitalized on this technology to create a facial database of scam artists for quick detection by security personnel Largely because it is less intrusive than other biometric tools such as iris scanners and fingerprint readers facial recognition is expected to be one of the fastest growing segments of the biometric market during the next two to three years The Basics Facial recognition also known as facial scan or face verification is a biometric technology that identifies people based on their facial features Facial scan systems can recognize a person using parts of the face that are not easy to alter such as the areas around the cheekbones the upper outlines of the eye so
14. ailable are Standard Scan and Hierarchical and variations of each All types are available through the main menu under Database Search or from the subject search dialog from the drop down list Suggested to use standard search initially until the database size is over 500 000 images Figure 16 Search results The results are ranked according to confidence being the degree of match beter the two images The name of the image is listed on the right An identical image obtains a value of 10 Use the arrow key down to see the other possible matchs Figure 17 Identical image search results Face Recognition User Manual Page 17 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 17 2003 12 08 Figure 18 Search results ranking Due to changes in lighting size colour orientation reflections glasses hair expression etc it may be necessary to check the top 5 10 of search results images in order to confirm that the person is not in the database Figure 19 Closest face image search result 5 1 4 Getting Good Alignment If you re having difficulty matching two images that you just know come from the same face or your possible matches appear highly dissimilar there s a good chance one or both of the images is suffering from bad alignment This basically means that the reference points to I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search has used to map and compare faces are highly dissimilar even though they come from th
15. ckets and the sides of the mouth Systems generally work by comparing the facial scan of an individual to facial scans stored in a database The system attempts to match the scan made from a fixed or dome camera for example against the scans of known problem drivers obtained from known offenders or police records to see if there s a match what s known as a one to many check Facial recognition solutions employ the same four step process that all biometric technologies do sample capture feature extraction template comparison and matching The sample capture takes place in the enrolment process during which the system takes multiple pictures of the face usually from slightly different angles to increase the system s ability to recognize the face After enrolment certain facial features are extracted and used to create a template 4 1 3 6 Signature Signature verification analyzes the way a user signs her name Signing features such as speed velocity and pressure are as important as the finished signature s static shape Signature verification enjoys a synergy with existing processes that other biometrics do not People are used to signatures Face Recognition User Manual Page 13 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 13 2003 12 08 as a means of transaction related identity verification and most would see nothing unusual in extending this to encompass biometrics Signature verification devices are reasonably accurate in operation and obviously len
16. d themselves to applications where a signature is an accepted identifier Surprisingly relatively few significant signature applications have emerged compared with other biometric methodologies But if your application fits it is a technology worth considering 4 1 3 7 Voice Voice authentication is not based on voice recognition but on voice to print authentication where complex technology transforms voice into text Voice biometrics has the most potential for growth because it requires no new hardware most PCs already contain a microphone However poor quality and ambient noise can affect verification In addition the enrollment procedure has often been more complicated than with other biometrics leading to the perception that voice verification is not user friendly Therefore voice authentication software needs improvement One day voice may become an additive technology to finger scan technology Because many people see finger scanning as a higher authentication form voice biometrics will most likely be relegated to replacing or enhancing PINs passwords or account names 4 1 4 Comparison of biometrics Characteristic Fingerprints Hand Geometry Retina Iris Face Signature Voice Ease of Use High High Low Medium Medium High High Error incidence Dryness dirt age Hand injury age Glasses Poor Lighting Lighting age glasses hair Changing signatures Noise colds weather Accuracy High High Very High
17. e offset of the data Select Create Full Template from the Database menu to create the templates Before or after you have created the templates it is a good idea to de fragment your hard drive This helps increase search speed To further increase search speed one may want to create an additional template called a vector template This is an additional 88 bytes per face However on larger databases it can Face Recognition User Manual Page 24 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 24 2003 12 08 drastically increase the search speed Select Create Vectors from the Database menu to create these vector templates In this particular demo application you must first create the Full Templates before creating the vectors though this is not a requirement of using the vectors in general Note that in order to create any templates you must have a valid license entered into the about box Each license has associated with it a maximum number of allowed templates Each template you create will add a count to your license Once the limit has been reached no more templates will be created You can modify the template afterward it is created as much as needed without increasing the counts though 5 3 3 Selecting a Subject The subject is the person who is to be searched for in the database You can select a subject from the currently opened database by selecting a person and then pressing the Set as Subject button or
18. e recognition DataBase Search Face recognition is rapidly gaining acceptance as the biometrics of choice for many applications This is not surprising considering that face recognition has many intrinsic strengths that set it apart from other biometrics Advantages of face recognition over other biometrics include Passive Process Face recognition can be performed passively without requiring the participation of the subject This makes it convenient to use but it also makes it particulary useful for monitoring and surveillance applications where active participation of the subject is not possible Often the only biometrics available There are many situations where facial photographs are the only information available These include certain law enforcement applications as well as applications that search the photographic stockpiles around the world A human can be used as a backup Humans are very adept at face recognition This is not surprising considering the amount of social information faces convey This is a blessing for automated face recognition systems because it means that when they fail a human operator can be used as a backup This cannot be done with finger print or easily with voice since a trained expert is required to verify that two finger or voice prints are identical Higher social acceptability We are all accustomed to having our photographs taken when we apply for a driver s license or a passport A human photograph doe
19. e same face It s like having two maps of the same city but because of faulty surveying one map shows the town square a mile from city hall while the other has them five miles apart If you had to say what city it was judging from the maps only which is basically what to I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search must do you d think you were looking at two different cities There are some things you can do to help to I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search make good face maps In most cases if you have a good image the auto alignment feature which you can find by hitting the Align button will work fine even at the lowest setting To get good auto alignment then make sure you are standardizing your images the best you can Another thing you can do is adjust the alignment manually see aligning images so you know it s good If the crosshairs are centered on the dark part of the eye then you ve got good alignment Face Recognition User Manual Page 18 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 18 2003 12 08 5 2 Capturing own images The are a number of ways to capture images In all of them please ensure that the best quality image possible is captured The lap top has the ability to hold over 2 million images thereafter a larger hard drive is available Hence the best quality image is suggested to get the best results out of the I Cube face recognition system The following image files are supported JPEG jpg Bit
20. e slower than lower values In the advanced section you can set the size of the faces you are looking to find the eye spacing Setting the eye spacing manually is the first thing to try when certain faces are having trouble with auto alignment When you set the eye spacing manually the Face Recognition User Manual Page 26 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 26 2003 12 08 image to the right of the settings will show the range of the settings visually as an overlay on the current record 5 5 Tips for More Speed The speed of a database search is very dependent upon the hardware and the OS This demo does not take advantage of dual processors but of course will run faster on faster CPUs We recommend at least a Pentium II 300 The biggest bottleneck in a fast search is the hard disk access The faster your hard drive spins the better the performance It is extremely important to keep your hard drive de fragmented If your data is fragmented on the disk performance may be decreased by a factor of three Lastly the more ram you have the better the program will handle larger FID files A safe estimate is that you should have enough ram to fit an entire FID file in memory plus about 64MB for the operating system Note that if your database is not very big the full and scan templates may end up in cache after the first search The remaining searches will be very fast since there will be no disk access If you plan on sea
21. iological characteristics In order to select the appropriate biometric technique free access to a MBA dissertation Casino Exclusion Technique Exploration Framework Development is provided This was submitted in partial fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Graduate School of Business Faculty of Management University of Natal Durban A 1st grade pass mark was obtained A wide range of exclusion techniques could be applied However there are no clear criteria on which to base the decision of which system is to be implemented Various role players need to be considered to determine what can be deployable A framework from a business perspective is proposed which allows multiple role players and varied criteria to effectively evaluate a range of possible solutions The framework is applied to the role players affected by the proposed exclusion of problem gamblers from gambling The main role players evaluated a number of possible exclusion techniques according to a range of important criteria 4 1 Introduction to biometric identification techniques As organizations search for more accurate methods for face image comparisons and other security applications biometrics is gaining increasing attention 4 1 1 What is a biometric The security field uses three different levels of authentication Level Meaning 1 ID badge or card something you HAVE card key smart card or token
22. iometric solutions Exclusive to I Cube Face Recognition User Manual Page 8 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 8 2003 12 08 1 3 Typical client The typical client would have a couple of cameras already would be capturing and keeping facial images to identify problem people May be printing out the images to hand out to guards and surveillance operators 1 3 1 Casino client The typical casino client would have a number of facial databases 1 Banned clients who need to be kept off the casino floor for use by the security guards 2 Pick pockets and other common criminals who must be kept off the casino grounds who are recognised by the surveillance operators and guards 3 Known card sharks who would cheat the casino odds recognised by both surveillance operators The new National Gambling Bill introduces a system of voluntary and court ordered exclusion of problem gamblers from casinos A wide range of exclusion techniques for access control could be applied to South African casinos However there are no clear criteria on which to base the decision of which system is to be implemented Various role players need to be considered to determine what can be deployable in casino applications In order to assist in seleting the appropriate biometric a MBA dissertation is made available in which a framework from a business perspective is proposed which allows multiple role players and varied criteria to effectively evaluate a range of
23. is can be done manually or automatically In order to manually mark the eye positions make sure the Toggle Alignment Mode button is depressed on the tool bar and then left click on each eye in the image To automatically mark every eye position select the All Records menu item under the Database Auto Align menu For a single record press the Auto Align button on the toolbar or select Auto Align from the Record menu Marking the eye positions is one of the most time consuming parts of preparing the database Accurately marking the eyes is essential for good recognition performance Typically you will Auto Align the entire database then look to see which records were aligned with less than a medium confidence Those leftovers can then be manually aligned or the FaceItDB settings can be re adjusted and the records can re aligned with All lt Medium under the Database Auto Align menu Before you can search a database you must create the Face Templates You can not search quickly if you search directly on the images Each face must have a corresponding template stored in the database These face templates are about 3 5k in size In this application the templates are stored in a single large file outside of the database This is called the FID FaceItData file Each face in the database has associated with it a description of where to find its corresponding template In this case we store the fil
24. like a SecurID card 2 PIN or other ID Number something you KNOW 3 BIOMETRICS is something you ARE Of these a biometric Level 3 is the most secure and convenient authentication tool It can t be borrowed stolen or forgotten and forging one is practically impossible Biometrics measure individuals unique physical or behavioral characteristics to recognize or authenticate their identity Common physical biometrics include fingerprints hand or palm geometry and retina iris or facial characteristics Behavioral characters include signature voice which also has a physical component keystroke pattern and gait Of this class of biometrics technologies for signature and voice are the most developed Face Recognition User Manual Page 11 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 11 2003 12 08 4 1 2 How a biometric system works Most systems follow this process 1 Capture the chosen biometric 2 Process the biometric and extract and enroll the biometric template 3 Store the template in a local repository a central repository or a portable token such as a smart card 4 Live scan the chosen biometric 5 Process the biometric and extract the biometric template 6 Match the scanned biometric against stored templates 7 Provide a matching score to business applications 8 Record a secure audit trail with respect to system use 4 1 3 Types of Biometric Systems 4 1 3 1 Fingerprints A fingerprint looks a
25. ly selected There are 4 columns Figure 9 Column names Image lists the name and type of image Alignment indicates if the image is aligned none poor low Medium and high Full Vector 5 1 2 Selecting a Subject Figure 10 Importing a subject The subject is the person who is to be searched for in the database You can select a subject from the currently opened database by selecting a person and then pressing the Set as Subject button or selecting the Set as Subject item in the Records menu Figure 11 Subject directory selection It the subject is not part of the database then use the Import Subject under the File menu or press the Import Subject Button or if the subject search dialog is opened you can simply drag and drop the image file to set it as the subject Figure 12 Subject image selection Figure 13 Subject image display Face Recognition User Manual Page 16 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 16 2003 12 08 Once a subject is set its face position must be determined This can be done manually by clicking on the eye positions with the mouse or by pressing the Auto Alignment button on the subject search dialog Figure 14 Manual eye position selection by clicking and holding Figure 15 Auto Alignment of the eye positions 5 1 3 Searching for a Subject There are different types of searches available The types of searches av
26. map BMP GIF gif Tiff tif and tiff Figure 20 Closest face image search result When saving the images ensure they are saved to their own directory so that each person would have a directory of all images relating to one person 5 2 1 Standardizing Your Images Although FaceIt DB Surveillance is adept at matching records with a wide number of variables images taken under similar conditions will always give you better recognition Figure 21 Each person must get their own folder of images The more similar the camera distance lighting and head and eye positioning the better your chances for a match The best time to standardize your images of course is right when you capture them Here s a brief checklist you can go through when you re capturing images 1 Make sure your camera is properly configured 2 Make sure you have adequate lighting 3 If your subject is wearing a hat or sunglasses ask them to remove it 4 The subject s entire head should be visible in the video feed 5 The subject should be face forward with their eyes looking directly into the camera lens Face Recognition User Manual Page 19 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 19 2003 12 08 5 2 2 Analogue image capture CCTV input Open the image capture application When the person is in the field of view capture a number of images Save the image as a JPEG image to the persons directory If required edit
27. possible solutions The framework was applied to the role players affected by the proposed exclusion of problem gamblers from gambling The main role players evaluated a number of possible exclusion techniques according to a range of important criteria The MBA dissertation written by B T Dudley is available to promote the logical purchase of face recognition This obtained a first grade pass at the University of Natal It can be obtained from www i cube co za or from Barry T Dudley btdudley attglobal net 1 3 2 Shopping Centre or large shop such as Gateway or Game Existing images of known shop lifters would be installed on the I Cube lap top face recognition system before the system was delivered meaning that as soon as the system arrived it could be used immediately to check for known shop lifters The security control centre or surveillance room would use fixed or dome cameras to watch for in store thefts by either staff or customers If a suspicious activity or person was identified the persons face could be compared to the the data base of known shop lifters When a gang is identified the security management need to be able to e mail images of the thieves to other shops in the area for them to be on the look out for the gang 1 3 3 Small shop or work place environment The security function may be a single person or a part time person who screens prospective employees They take pictures of all staff and have a database of staff who ha
28. rching small databases less than 50 000 records then it should be easy to store the vector data in RAM Searches should be very fast on this data Face Recognition User Manual Page 27 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 27 2003 12 08 6 REMOTE MONITORING 6 1 Introduction The software installed on every I Cube face recognition system allows communication to be established between itself and the server using TCP IP The only requirement is that the two boxes are either connected by an ethernet network or that they have isdn or pstn modems installed to facilitate dialup communications This enables I Cube to dial in to a remote I Cube face recognition system and control the system as though he she was sitting at the user interface on the box itself This will only be used when a problem occurs and initialted by the customer Please contact support I Cube co za with the IP address to be logged into Face Recognition User Manual Page 28 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 28 2003 12 08 7 TROUBLESHOOTING 7 1 BIOS Setup Refer to www DELL co za Procedures for Bootup Failure 7 2 Mechanical Issues Before booting a system up 1 Check that all the cables connected i e power cable 2 7 3 Power Supply does not work Contact Dell Barry T Dudley Page 29 2003 12 08 APPENDIX A TO DO
29. rison of biometrics 13 Face Recognition User Manual Page 3 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 3 2003 12 08 5 I CUBE DataBase Search 14 5 1 Face Image Comparison 14 5 1 1 Selecting the White Male Database 14 5 1 2 Selecting a Subject 15 5 1 3 Searching for a Subject 16 5 1 4 Getting Good Alignment 17 5 2 Capturing own images 18 5 2 1 Standardizing Your Images 18 5 2 2 Analogue image capture CCTV input 19 5 2 3 Digital camera input 19 5 2 4 Existing digital images
30. s not carry criminal connotations as much as a finger print or an iris scan No special or costly hardware is required The input devices to automated face recognition systems can be standard video cameras They do not use any unusual hardware such as thermal laser iris retinal or finger scanners This means face recognition capabilities can be added to current infrastructure without serious investment in new hardware For example most ATMs currently have video cameras in them and hence the investment could be very minimal to equip those ATM s with face recognition Face Recognition User Manual Page 7 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 7 2003 12 08 1 1 1 Law enforcement Law enforcement is usually the first application that comes to people s minds when they hear about face recognition applications Obviously if you can store mug shot type images of a large number of convicted criminals then digitally search them against those of suspects you ve eliminated the cumbersome sore eyed task of pouring through dozens of face books With I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search law enforcement personnel can quickly narrow possible suspects down to a select few and solve crimes faster It can also be used to search for missing people 1 1 2 Security Because I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search can store a virtually limitless number images it is a perfect identification tool A doorman at a corporate research office for e
31. t the patterns found on a fingertip There are a variety of approaches to fingerprint verification Some emulate the traditional police method of matching minutiae others use straight pattern matching devices and still others are a bit more unique including things like moir fringe patterns and ultrasonics Some verification approaches can detect when a live finger is presented some cannot A greater variety of fingerprint devices is available than for any other biometric As the prices of these devices and processing costs fall using fingerprints for user verification is gaining acceptance despite the common criminal stigma Fingerprint verification may be a good choice for in house systems where you can give users adequate explanation and training and where the system operates in a controlled environment It is not surprising that the workstation access application area seems to be based almost exclusively on fingerprints due to the relatively low cost small size and ease of integration of fingerprint authentication devices 4 1 3 2 Hand geometry Hand geometry involves analyzing and measuring the shape of the hand This biometric offers a good balance of performance characteristics and is relatively easy to use It might be suitable where there are more users or where users access the system infrequently and are perhaps less disciplined in their approach to the system Accuracy can be very high if desired and flexible performance tuning and
32. template stored in the database These face templates are about 3 5k in size In this application the templates are stored in a single large file outside of the database This is called the FID FaceItData file Each face in the database has associated with it a description of where to find its corresponding template In this case we store the file offset of the data Select Create Full Template from the Database menu to create the templates Before or after you have created the templates it is a good idea to de fragment your hard drive This helps increase search speed To further increase search speed one may want to create an additional template called a vector template This is an additional 88 bytes per face However on larger databases it can drastically increase the search speed Select Create Vectors from the Database menu to create these vector templates IF YOU HAVE ANY PROBLEMS PLEASE E MAIL SUPPORT AT I CUBE btdudley attglobal net Face Recognition User Manual Page 23 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 23 2003 12 08 5 3 2 Creating a New Database Select New from the File menu or Press the New button on the toolbar Then add images by either drag and dropping images onto the application or by selecting Import Record from the file menu Note you can drag and drop entire directories Once all of the images are added to the database you must mark the eyes of each person Th
33. the image with I Cube Media Editing application Figure 22 CCTV camera application Figure 23 Demonstration of the optimal size of the face in the image 5 2 3 Digital camera input Ask the person to stand against a light wall Take a number of images of the person Transfer these images to the persons folder on the lap top If required edit the image with I Cube Media Editing application Figure 24 Digital image capture 5 2 4 Existing digital images Any existing images will be added for free to the database for you by I Cube when the order is placed Either e mail or write all images to CD and send to I Cube at orders I Cube co za Face Recognition User Manual Page 20 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 20 2003 12 08 5 3 Creating own new image database Open the I CUBE DB Search application Figure 25 I Cube DB Search desktop icon Figure 26 I Cube DB Search application Add images by either drag and dropping images onto the application or by selecting Import Record from the file menu Note you can drag and drop entire directories Once all of the images are added to the database you must mark the eyes of each person This can be done manually or automatically Figure 27 I Cube DB Search desktop icon In order to manually mark the eye positions make sure the Toggle Alignment Mode button is depressed on the tool bar and then left click on each eye in the image To au
34. tomatically mark every eye position select the All Records menu item under the Database Auto Align menu For a single record press the Auto Align button on the toolbar or select Auto Align from the Record menu Figure 28 Press and hold to zoom in Figure 29 Click once on the eye to mark the position of the eye Face Recognition User Manual Page 21 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 21 2003 12 08 Marking the eye positions is one of the most time consuming parts of preparing the database Accurately marking the eyes is essential for good recognition performance Figure 30 Press and hold to zoom in Figure 31 Click once on the eye to mark the position of the eye Typically you will Auto Align the entire database then look to see which records were aligned with less than a medium confidence Those leftovers can then be manually aligned or the FaceItDB settings can be re adjusted and the records can re aligned with All lt Medium under the Database Auto Align menu Figure 32 Auto Align all records Figure 33 Sort records by alignment then manually fix Face Recognition User Manual Page 22 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 22 2003 12 08 5 3 1 Create the Face Templates Figure 34 Create Full Templates Before you can search a database you must create the Face Templates You can not search quickly if you search directly on the images Each face must have a corresponding
35. ve been fired for theft and other misdemeanours This allows them to compare prospective employees with images of people they should not employ When a person is caught stealing they let all other similar companies know not to employ that person Face Recognition User Manual Page 9 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 9 2003 12 08 HARDWARE SETUP If an analogue camera is going to be connected to the I Cube face recognition system connect the camera cable RJ 179 79 end BNC connector to the analogue to digital convertor via a RCA connector 2 OPERATING SYSTEM ISSUES 2 1 OS Setup The operating system is Windows 2000 and comes pre installed on the Lap top Service Pack 4 is installed No Anti Virus software is installed but is suggested A free ware firewall software package is installed to prevent illegal access of the lap top 2 1 1 OS Setup Useful References See www Dell co za 3 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION SETUP 3 1 Components The following components may be incuded in the system Lap top Power supply Frame grabber video to digital convertor Warrenty The following components may be incuded in the system Camera Lens Power supply Instruction CD International plug US UK EU Figure 3 I Cube face recognition system Face Recognition User Manual Page 10 of 29 Barry T Dudley Page 10 2003 12 08 4 BIOMETRICS Biometrics is the science of measuring and coding unique b
36. xample can use I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search to ensure that people accessing the building are who they say they are While entry codes and PIN numbers can be stolen and ID cards can be forged it next to impossible to steal or convincingly duplicate someone s face 1 1 3 Surveillance One of the most promising uses of I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search is in the field of surveillance Ninety nine percent of the time criminals and terrorists are caught only after they ve committed their most recent crime while their trail is still fresh I CUBE face recognition DataBase Search however helps catch them while they re still at the scene even before they ve committed their next crime Used at a checkpoint at an airport for example a guard can check the faces of boarding passengers against a database of known terrorists a bank can do the same thing with known robbers 1 2 Value proposition The face recognition product supplied by I Cube is the only product tailored to provide all the face recognition requirements of the end user The systems comes with everything required to capture save create databases of known transgressors and compare and print facial images The system is designed to get the novice end user up and running quickly with no messy installation required no delays waiting for codes and quick knowledgeable support if needed Figure 2 MBA Dissertation assists in evaluation of proposed b
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