Setup and Users Manual Rev. C
Contents
1. COM1 Redial on busy Use country region code and area code replica Properties Connect To Settings Function arrow and ctrl keys act as Terminal keys Windows keys Backspace key sends CtkH Del Ctri H Space Ctr H Emulation Auto detect Terminal Setup Telnet terminal ID ANSI Backscroll buffer lines 500 C Play sound when connecting or disconnecting Input Translation ASCII Setup ASCII Setup ASCII Sending C Send line ends with line feeds C Echo typed characters locally Line delay 500 milliseconds Character delay milliseconds ASCII Receiving Append line feeds to incoming line ends C Force incoming data to 7 bit ASCII Wrap lines that exceed terminal width Set up your settings exactly as shown in the picture above Select OK to close the ASCII Setup screen Select OK again to close the properties window and return to Hyper Terminal Now click on the Connect button amp and you are connected Power up your replica and press the reset button Try typing on both the replica keyboard and your pc keyboard to verify that both function If you have any problems repeat these steps Transferring files with Hyper Terminal To send a file to your replica simply click on the Transfer tab and select Send Text File from the drop down list replica H2. replica Setup and Users Manual Revision C JANUARY 2005 Briel Computers 5392 Cornell Blvd North Ridgeville OH 44039 Copyright 2005 Briel Computers All Rights Reserved replica Setup and Users Manual Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C INDEX Unpacking and setting up Getting started Programming your Replica I How is the rev c board different Reference material on the net Using a PS 2 keyboard Kit assembly instructions Serial Interface ASCII Keyboard pin out Onboard jumper and NVRAM Power supply connector Chapter 1 Unpacking and Setting up system Before you begin setting up your Replica I computer make sure you have plenty of table space Do not power up the unit while touching any part of the circuit board and contact Briel computers if you are unsure about any part of the setup process You will need the following items to get your Replica I up and running The Replica I system board AT PC power supply like those found in Pentium computers Keyboard a PC PS 2 or an Apple II II plus not e or gs A TV with composite video in or a composite computer monitor A video cable to attach to the TV from the Replica 1 Se Place or mount the Replica I board so that it secured Make sure no metal objects can touch the circuit board or damage could result Next you need to plug in the power suppl
3. This was not included with the original release of the replica as implementing this function was a difficult feature and there was not enough time to install before the release of the replica This is a more accurate detail of how the apple 1 operated Another added feature is the addition of the clear screen button on the board The apple 1 had the option of clearing the screen if the keyboard used had a clear screen key Now pressing this button clears the screen for you A single capacitor was added to fix a video bug which caused characters to not be displayed Enhanced keyboard keys added for ps 2 keyboards The numeric keypad on ps 2 keyboards is now able to be used Originally I didn t add these keys because they were not on most ASCII keyboards but when I added the clear screen key option it was easy to add the whole keypad option The END key will clear the screen and HOME will put the cursor at the top While the clear screen key was available on the original apple 1 the home cursor option was not but I added it as an extra feature that doesn t take away from the feel of the apple 1 Chapter 5 Reference Material on the Internet Apple I related information The preservation of Apple I documents software manuals and source code is the duty the Apple I users club has taken on At http www applefritter com applel you can find all documents submitted by Apple I owners as well as stories pictures and other information The
4. away some of that vintage feel it opens the door so more people can use the Replica I Due to the complex nature of the PS 2 keyboards signal process only the standard keys are programmed to function That means the function keys arrow keys are not programmed to function The revision c board now adds the ability to use the numeric keypad on ps 2 keyboards This was done because of a redesign of the keyboard encoder on the replica The only key that is not on a PS 2 keyboard that was on ASCII keyboards is the RESET button Because of the need for a PS 2 keyboard a reset button was added to the Replica I so that the circuit could be reset as needed As with normal PC use the Replica I supports auto key repeat This means that if you hold down a key after a short while it will auto repeat So make sure you are careful not to be holding down a key for too long since the replica 1 has only the underscore for a backspace CAUTION Do not attempt to use a PS 2 keyboard if you have an ASCII keyboard attached to the Replica 1 doing so could damage the board and void the warranty As mentioned before do not plug in or unplug the PS 2 keyboard while power is turned on doing so could damage the board Chapter 7 Kit Assembly Instructions The kit form of the Replica 1 is for people who have experience in soldering circuit boards If you have experience with soldering circuit boards then not only will you enjoy the Replica 1 computer but
5. interface I O board is available to store and load programs from a PC or Mac If you do not wish to use a serial interface there is another method that you can use A simple solution used has been to replace the 62256 Static RAM IC with a Non volatile SRAM IC such as the Dallas DS130Y 120 This will store your programmed information even when the power is turned off and has a 10 year life span If you are not familiar with working with IC s do not perform this function or seek assistance from someone with knowledge on how to exchange IC s as damage may occur to the Replica I if not done properly Chapter 4 How is the rev c board different Appearance The revision c board is very similar and almost exactly the same as the prior revision boards The main difference is the addition of a clear screen key This key allows the user to clear the screen at any given time without interrupting the computer The other difference is only 1 jumper is now required for setting the type of keyboard you use There is now written instructions on how to set the jumpers for the proper keyboard The jumper posts for external reset and external clear screen buttons are not installed but can be hard wired to the board if the user wishes to use that option Function The revision c functions completely identical as the former revision with a few small improvements The most noticeable is that the cursor now starts at the top of the screen instead of the bottom
6. of purchase In the event of the occurrence of malfunction or other indication of failure attributable directly to faulty workmanship and or material then upon return of the product to Briel Computers at 5392 Cornell Blvd North Ridgeville Ohio 44039 postage prepaid Briel Computers will at its option repair or replace said products or components thereof to what ever extent Apple Computer Company shall deem necessary to restore said product to proper operating condition All such repairs or replacements shall be rendered by Briel Computers without charge to the customer The responsibility for the failure of any Briel Computer product or component thereof which at the discretion of Briel Computers shall have resulted either directly or indirectly from accident abuse or misapplication of the product shall be assumed by the customer and the Apple Computer Company shall assume no liability as a consequence of such events under the terms of this warranty While every effort on the part of Briel Computers is made to provide clear and accurate technical instruction on the use implementation and application of its products Briel Computers shall assume no liability in events which may arise from the application of such technical instruction nor shall Briel Computers be held liable for the quality interconnection or application of peripheral products which may have been recommended by Briel Computers but which have not been suppli
7. you will also have the pride in assembling it yourself while saving money If you have never built a circuit board kit please start with something a little simpler before attempting to build the replica 1 Kit contents I have carefully assembled all parts into separate containers for ease of assembly Check each bag to ensure that all parts are there If you find anything missing please contact Briel Computers IC s Sockets Crystals Connectors 6502 or 65C02 CPU 40 pin IC 6821 40 pin IC ATMEGA8515 40 pin IC 28C64 EEPROM 28 pin IC 62256 SRAM 28 pin IC ATMEGA8 28 pin IC narrow 74LS 138 16 pin IC 74LS04 14 pin IC 74LS00 14 pin IC 74HC74 14 pin IC 74HC166 16 pin IC CRYSTAL 1MHz 4 pin IC Qty 3 40 pin Qty 2 28 pin wide Qty 1 28 pin narrow Qty 3 16 pin 1 for ASCII keyboard Qty 3 14 pin Qty 1 14 31818Mhz Qty 1 8 0MHz Qty 1 40 pin Expansion Header Qty 1 DIN PS 2 Keyboard connector Qty 2 Power supply connectors Qty 1 Video Connector Resistors R1 470 Ohm yellow violet brown R2 1 5K Ohm brown green red R3 100 Ohm brown black brown R4 amp R5 4 7K Ohm yellow violet red R6 R10 3 3K Ohm orange orange red Capacitors C1 C2 C4 C5 18pF newer revision C are now 22pF C3 luF C6 C17 luF Bypass capacitors C18 01uF Diodes D1 amp D2 1N4148 Mise Parts 2 Switches 1 Jumper Pad Here is an example
8. before continuing Installing the serial I O board on the replica I Install the serial I O board in the socket where the 6821 IC was located on your replica I board Make sure the serial 9 pin port faces the same direction as your video connector If needed you can add plastic mounting support but I have found it unnecessary Reattach your power video and keyboard Next attach a DB 9 serial cable non null modem between your PC and the serial I O board Setting up Hyper Terminal Start a new session of Hyper Terminal and select a name for your session Connection Description ay New Connection Enter a name and choose an icon for the connection Name replica Icon Click on OK Next select which COM port you are connected to and select OK Next set up your COM port as shown 2400 N 8 1 COM1 Properties Port Settings Bits per second Data bits Parity Stop bits Flow control Select OK and continue on to starting Hyper Terminal You are not ready yet so click on the disconnect Icon as shown Next click on File in the menu bar and select Properties from the drop down menu list You should then get a screen that looks like this replica Properties Connect To Settings B replica Country region Change Icon Enter the area code without the long distance prefix Area code Phone number Connect using
9. ed as part of the product This warranty contains and embodies the limits of responsibility of Briel Computers with regard to its products and no other liability is expressed implied or should be assumed by the purchaser and in no event shall Briel Computers be held liable for the loss of time effort or transportation costs nor for loss of potential profits or other consequential losses which might arise from the purchase assembly use application or subsequent sale of the products of Briel Computers nor from any instructions and or technical information thereto related
10. een If you do not get this block cursor power the computer back off and recheck all of your connections While the Replica I was tested with several monitors and Televisions it is not guaranteed to work on all types If you are having problems getting a proper picture on the TV write to Briel Computers for help At this point the system is powered on but just like the Apple I a reset needs to be performed before the computer will begin operation Press the RESET button on the keyboard and the Replica I should respond with a V backslash character followed by a linefeed and the cursor should now be below the backslash Chapter 2 Getting Started Power on the replica 1 system and look for the cursor block located in the upper left hand corner of the display Press RESET on the keyboard or on the system board to get the backslash Refer to Figure 3 for where to find the reset button on the Replica I system board 12 Figure 3 reset switch on Replica I system board At this point you are in Woz s monitor program written for the Apple I The monitor is a simple way to be able to program the Replica 1 The Replica Iis designed with the 6502 microprocessor the same one used in the Apple I Programming the 6502 is not covered in this manual but there are still several books out there showing how to program it For those that are familiar with programming machine language you will understand that Woz s monitor program is on
11. k address range from 0100 0105 type 100 4C EE FF 0A 60 60 followed by RETURN The display will show the old contents of memory location 0 Then you may view your changes by typing in 0 5 followed by RETURN Run a program in memory To run a program you have entered into memory type in the address followed by R and press RETURN Example to start a program that you have entered starting at memory location 0300 type 300R followed by RETURN More examples of the use of the use of the monitor can be found in the Apple I users manual See Chapter 5 Reference material for the Apple I for where you can download a copy of the original Apple I manual Chapter 3 Programming your Replica 1 There are a couple of ways you can program your Replica I One way is to enter machine language programs from Woz s monitor program and run them as described in Chapter 2 There are sites dedicated to the 6502 such as http www 6502 org which supports the processor for development and experimenting has information available on how to program the CPU and has discussion groups for help Integer Basic Another way would be to program in Woz s Integer Basic It is at location E000 Simply power up the Replica I press reset and type EO00R followed by RETURN Refer to the Apple 1 preliminary Basic manual at Applefritter for programming in Integer Basic Saving your programs A serial
12. ly 256 bytes long because the functions were kept very simple You can examine a block or single address of memory write to a memory location or block and start a program from a designated location Examine a memory block Type 0 2F followed by RETURN or ENTER key on the keyboard The display will show address and values in hex for the entered range It will look like this 0000 00 01 03 DO 00 00 05 AO 0008 DF 07 00 00 OC 01 01 11 0010 00 01 03 DO 00 AO 50 00 0018 CF CO 70 10 11 01 01 01 0020 00 30 DO 80 C1 11 11 11 0028 10 00 30 0D 05 AO 00 00 Examining a block will display 8 bytes across the page The display always cuts off at set addresses so the next line starts with a 0 or an 8 If you started with a 1 or some other address other than a 0 or an 8 then the first row of memory listed will cut off with the address ending in 7 or F For example if you type 1 F it will display like this 0001 01 03 DO 00 00 05 AO 0008 DF 07 00 00 OC 01 01 11 Notice how the first line only shows 7 bytes of memory This is so that the listing comes out uniform Change or write to a memory location Typing in 0 FF will change the memory at location 0 to the hex value FF The monitor will respond with the memory location you changed and the old value Example You type 0 FF RETURN The monitor responds with 0 00 The old contents of the memory location To change a bloc
13. n Expansion Interface Header the reset switch and the jumper header The expansion header is probably the most difficult part to install The pins on the Expansion Interface Header are close like the IC s so use caution when installing No pins on the header should contact each other The switch can only be installed in 2 directions and either way will work Step 7 The crystals must be installed with care The barrel shaped 8MHz crystal goes next to the ATMEGA8515 and should be folded over so it lays down just to the edge of the board Trim extra length off of leads The jumper header goes next to the reset switch and where it is labeled JP1 This is so you can add an external reset switch to a case JP1 is for keyboard selection Step 8 Next install the video connector It can only be installed one way and there is no room for error Be sure to use enough solder to get a good connector on the tabs Do not trim the tabs but you can give them a slight bend outwards prior to soldering for better contact Step 9 Install the Power connectors Make sure the flat support edge is closer to the edge of the circuit board Use enough solder to cover the contacts completely Step 10 Check over your work and look for incomplete or low solder spots Using a magnifying lens will help with hard to see areas Step 11 Once you are finished checking you can begin installing the IC s The pins on IC s from the manufacturer are angled out slightly for go
14. ng to do so may result in damage to your Replica I If you are going to attach a standard PS 2 keyboard locate the keyboard connector located next to the video connector The cable end of the keyboard should have an arrow indicating the up position Make sure the connector on the keyboard is facing in its proper position before inserting into the connector If using an ASCII or Apple II keyboard make sure to plug the cable in properly Pin 1 is closer to the edge of the board Figure 2 shows the ASCII keyboard port If you have any questions regarding installation of the Apple II keyboard feel free to email or write If you are using an ASCII keyboard not designed for the Apple II refer to Appendix A regarding the correct pin out required mm J JP JP REVISION C Z J i ii ad al B Figure 2 ASCII Keyboard port NOTE If using the ASCII keyboard port place a jumper on JP1 Mount the switch on the AT power supply so that when you turn on the replica you only touch the switch and no wires Make sure the power supply is turned off before plugging in Now you can plug in the power connector to the power supply and to the wall socket Powering up your Replica 1 Your Replica I system is now ready to turn on Make sure you take all necessary precautions to avoid electrical shock Turn on the TV or Monitor and then turn on the power supply for the Replica I A block cursor should appear in the bottom left corner of the scr
15. od contact in the socket So when you install them into the socket use caution not to bend any of the pins Make sure you know where pin 1 is and you install the IC in the correct orientation Installing the IC in the incorrect direction could cause damage to the IC or the entire board Caution Before plugging in the power supply keyboard and video connector thoroughly check over your work for errors Any parts that get accidentally damaged during the building process can be replaced at the owner s expense Contact Briel Computers for any replacement parts needed Use the rest of this page to document any notes needed for installation Chapter 8 Serial I O board Getting started Setting up and installing the serial I O board is easy and only involves a few steps to get started First you must disconnect all power connectors from your replica I Next remove the video connector and your keyboard connector Locate the IC labeled 6821 on the board Carefully using a small screw driver remove the IC as shown in the picture below Install the 6821 on the serial I O board Using the 6821 IC you just removed from your replica I place it in the socket labeled 6821 on the serial I O board The notch in the front of the IC indicates the top of the 6821 and should be next to the 6821 label on the I O board Make sure all pins are straight before applying pressure Make sure all pins are seated properly in the socket as shown
16. of the steps used to build the replica 1 You may choose to do it a different way Step 1 Start with the resistors Carefully bend the wire ends so that the resistor will fit neatly into its designated place on the board The board shows the resistor number as well as its value Solder each one onto the board using standard procedures for soldering on a circuit board Trim the extra length off of each one The resistor can face either way but I prefer a uniform look Step 2 Next solder in the two diodes using the same procedure as the resistors The only difference is the direction does matter The black strip on the diode should be closer to the edge of the board Step 3 Solder in the capacitors using the same procedure as with the resistors There is no direction required to install these but once again uniformity is best Trim extra length off of the leads Step 4 After the capacitors are installed begin soldering in the sockets The board designates pin one with a square pin The sockets also have a pin one and you can usually tell the top of the socket with a curve in the top Use caution when soldering so that no extra solder connects two pins that should not be connected The 1 6pin duel swipe socket is for the ASCII keyboard Step 5 Once all sockets are properly soldered install the 1MHz crystal IC The sharp edge corner designates pin 1 Make sure it is the closest corner to the RAM and EPROM IC s Step 6 Install the 40 pi
17. plica I keyboard port from the 16 pin DIP connector Pin 1 is 5V Apple 1 ASCII port Reset 5V Data 3 Data 7 5V Data 2 Strobe Data 1 N C Data 0 CLR Data 4 12V Data 5 12V Data 6 GND Apple 1 keyboard port from the 16 pin DIP connector Pin 1 is Reset Appendix B Onboard jumper and NVRAM NVRAM IC may be used in place of the SRAM IC One such IC is the Dallas DS130Y 120 found at http www digikey com for around 21 Using NVRAM will allow programs to remain in the system even while power is off One thing to note is resetting the system and power off can change a memory location I try not to reset the circuit while it is running a program There is now just 1 jumper on the Replica I main board next to the ATMEGA8515 keyboard controller The default setting is for a PS 2 keyboard with no jumper installed If however you wish to use an ASCII keyboard attach the jumper onto JP1 This disables the ATMEGA8515 keyboard encoder for the PS 2 so that you can use an ASCII parallel keyboard Appendix C AT Power Supply Pin Out AT POWER SUPPLY N C 5V 12V 12V GND GND GND GND OV 5V 5V 5V QOOOC OOO eC Oo The 5V pins are closer to the Video Connector on the Replica 1 Warranty applies to assembled version only Briel Computers hereby warrants each of its products and all components therein contained to be free from defects in materials and or workmanship for a period of thirty 30 days from date
18. re is also a forum to discuss the Apple I as well as the Replica I 6502 CPU related information There is a user group at http www yahoo com for the 6502 Also http www 6502 org is an information rich site for anything related to the 6502 CPU and support hardware There is also a discussion group to help with questions Apple I history http www apple history org has a very nice page on the Apple I including ads and pictures Of course http www applefritter com has the original Apple 1 users group and almost everything you can think of for your replica Software The restoration of authentic Apple I software is continuing daily Please visit Briel Computers website for more information on currently available software and for information on how to help archive your programs Many programs for the Apple 1 have been recovered but there are still some programs out there that has not been saved http www vintagecomputer tk Chapter 6 Using a PS 2 Keyboard The design of the Apple 1 called for the user to attach an ASCII keyboard to a 16 pin socket on the board When the design of the Replica I was nearing finishing stages it too just had an ASCII keyboard port The problem is this type of keyboard is no longer being produced and they are becoming more difficult to locate Therefore a special encoder was developed which would allow the use of a standard PC keyboard on the Replica 1 While the PC keyboard takes
19. y to the Replica I Make sure you have not plugged in the power supply to the wall socket yet There are several groups of wires and you need to locate the 2 that stand out differently from the rest The P8 and P9 connectors are the 2 square connectors you are looking for They should be labeled P8 and P9 You can verify you have the correct connectors simply by plugging the connector into the power socket of the Replica I You need to make sure you plug the connectors in correctly or you could damage the Replica I circuit board The P9 connector is closer to the Video connector If the power connectors are not labeled then the 2 sets of ground wires are next to each other when connected Plug in the P8 and P9 connectors as shown in Figure 1 Make sure the connectors go all the way on Once this is done you are ready to install the video cable Typical AT style power supply found in 386 Pentium computers Figure 1 Power connector with P8 and P9 labeled Attach an RCA video cable to the Video out connector located right next to the power connector This is an NTSC composite video signal You can attach it to a composite video monitor TV with composite video in or a VCR with composite video in Do not turn on the TV until the setup procedures are complete Now you can attach either a standard PS 2 PC keyboard or an Apple II IIplus ASCII keyboard You may use one or the other type but you CANNOT use both types at the same time Attempti
20. yper Terminal File Edit View Call Beieiry Send File Receive File Capture Text Send Text File Capture to Printer Find the file on your PC and select OK At this point Hyper Terminal will send the file your replica and your replica will treat the file as if you were typing it in Once it is finished typing in just run your program as normal Remember if you are sending a BASIC file to enter BASIC by typing EOOOR followed by Enter before sending the file To receive a file is just as easy Once again click on the Transfer tab but this time select Capture Text from the drop down list This will bring up a file name to save option and select the name for your file Select OK to begin the Capture mode If you re in BASIC you can type LIST and Hyper Terminal will capture your BASIC listing If you re in the Woz monitor simply type the address range to capture followed by Enter File Edit View Call Help b wo A il Send File Receive File b Capture Text gt Send Text File Pause Capture to Printer Once you are done capturing your file click on the Transfer tab Capture Text option and Stop That s it you can now go in and edit your file with any text editor Appendix A ASCII Keyboard pin out Replia ASCII port 5V N C Strobe 12V Reset N C N C Data 1 Data 5 Data 0 Data 4 Data 3 Data 6 Data 2 GND N C Re
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