Texas Instruments TM990/189, 99/4, TI58, TI59
Contents
1. 300 PASCAL 150 EXTENDED COMMERCIAL BASIC 150 QBASIC Compiles almost all C BASIC Code without modification and runs up to 11 times faster than popular 8 bit processors using CP M 300 manual 20 GETCPM Converts CP M files to NOS MT format 20 USER MANUAL A comprehensive user manual is available for 50 deductible from the purchase price of a M9900 CPU All hardware prices exclude Sales Tax Specifications and prices subject to change without notice Detailed specifications and price list are available on request The Computer Shop zeae sense ELECTRONICS Australia April 1981 81 Texas Instruments e wat Texas Instruments Australia Ltd has in troduced its Professional Computer marking the company s entry into the personal business computer marketplace Features of the system include high resolution colour graphics a detachable low profile keyboard and a wide range of software from TI and independent suppliers The basic system expected to sell for around 4 200 consists of a monochrome display keyboard system tnit with 8088 processor and 128K of RAM and a built in floppy disk drive pro viding 320K of storage space Memory can be expanded to 256K on board and space is provided for mounting an addi tional floppy disk drive or a 5 or 10MB Winchester disk in the system unit The standard display is a 30cm monochrome monitor with an 80 character by 25 line format and bit mapped graph2. Auckland 49 9197 The hidden charms of the Texas Tl 58 59 calculators Texas Instruments programmable calculators are widely employed these days and offer the user many valuable features In fact as this article demonstrates they can provide facilities of which even the manufacturer seems to be unaware by BRIAN DANCE Texas Instruments TI 58 and TI 59 pro grammable calculators have parti tionable memories which can be divided as required between data registers for number storage and program memory space They can be used in some in teresting ways and even allow some pro gramming facilities which are not men tioned in the instruction books although one must be prepared to experiment to be able to use them Dsz function As an example of the extra facilities which one can obtain if one is willing to experiment the dsz function is stated to be available for use with registers O to nine only whereas with a little trouble it can be used with any register This dsz function is used to control the number of times a program passes around a loop of instructions one can use two dsz func tions in a program which may control two separate loops or a loop within a loop Dsz is decrement and skip on zero It is a conditional branching instruction When using the dsz function one presses the second function button followed by the dsz button and the single digit of the register on which it is to operate The next button is
3. V and W for example while the others jump from upper to lower case and back again as you go along But you get used to them after a while and it does save money A circular piezoelectric audio in dicator on the board next to the display gives the system the ability to attract the user s attention The next thing you discover upon reading through the user manual is that the system has an audio cassette inter face on board complete with optional motor control for the recorder The in terface uses the two tone FSK method with tones of 1200 and 2400Hz which should make it at least nominally com patible with systems using the Kansas City Byte standard On the memory side the system comes with 1K bytes of RAM which may be expanded to 2K bytes by merely plugging in another pair of chips It also comes with 4K bytes of ROM and this contains a resident monitor debug program called UNIBUG Along with the monitor the ROM ELECTRONICS Australia July 1979 also contains wait for it a symbolic assembler Not a full scale multipass assembler with all the frills to be sure but a very useful little interactive assembler none the less It offers the ability to use both forward and backward referenced labels a current location symbol and six pseudo op directives ORG BSS reserve a block of memory DATA EQU TEXT ASCII string storage and END Needless to say this makes t
4. is a high performance CP M compatible S 100 board which will handle up to four single or double density single or double sided standard floppy disc units regardless of CPU clock speed with simultaneous seek The FDC 2 will control all popular standard floppy disc units Assembled and tested 450 as Our 64K RAM board provides 64K bytes of storage which operates in 16 bit innii mode doubling system performance compared with 8 bit S 100 memories E The board includes programmable memory management hardware permitting So eiae Na i bank selection in blocks of 4K bytes Total system memory when using multiple i 64K boards can be as large as 16 megabytes Assembled and tested 1100 This board provides four independently programmable synchronous or asynchronous serial I O ports with speeds up to 19200 baud Terminal or modem interfaces and four independant timers are provided cables included Assembled and tested 400 The minimum single user system which includes comprehensive software consists of the M9900 CPU PROM RAM an S 100 compatible 64K RAM and the FDC 2 mounted in an S 100 card frame SOFTWARE Many users need no other Software than that supplied with the M9900 CPU We provide the following advanced software NOS MT The multi tasking Network Operating System provides for multiple users multiple printers device spooling UNIX like files file space of 16 billion bytes multi level security and hierarchical directories etc
5. memory of a Tl 58 calculator can be easily expanded to twice its original capacity The resulting instrument then has the same memory storage as a 1 59 instrument namely a maximum of 960 program steps instead of the 480 of a TI 58 or up to 100 number storage registers instead of the maximum of 60 available in a TI 58 Unfortunately this conversion will not produce the magnetic card storage facility of a TI 59 In order to carry out the conversion one merely requires an extra pair of Texas Instruments p n TMC 0598N dual in line devices Two of these devices will be found on the internal circuit board of a Tl 58 mounted on top of one another in a piggyback fashion on one side of the connector for the CROM ex changeable program memory module each pin of the one device being con nected to the corresponding pin of the other device The additional 0598 devices should be fitted in the holes in the printed circuit board on the opposite side if the CROM module connector mounted on top of one another with their corresponding pins joined together The writer has not tried this modifica tion himself but appropriate precautions must obviously be taken to avoid elec trostatic damage Another interesting possibility is the substitution of a non volatile memory for the existing memory of a TI 58 or TI 59 so that programs and data are retained even after the calculator has been switched off The TI 58C is supplied with a non vol
6. not con nected with the dsz function and therefore if one wishes to use a register with a number exceeding nine the cor rect digits of this register must be built up in the memory synthetically so that both digits of the register number are in the same line of the memory For example if one wishes to use the dsz function with memory register 27 dee STO 27 so as to write 27 ina single ine of the program memory followed by two back step operations after which STO is overwritten by the dsz instruc tion One has thus synthetically entered into the memory the dsz instruction followed by the digits 27 both digits be ing in the same line As an example of a very simple pro gram using this technique enter LBL A X 7 Pause STO 27 BST BST dsz SST A R S RST This program will multiply the number in the display by seven and 116 will continue to multiply the result by seven according to the digits entered in memory 27 before the program com menced The digits initially entered in ney 27 thus control the number of times the program moves around the loop Although the same program can be us ed with the dsz function entered normal ly if a register numbered in the range 0 to nine is employed these registers may not always be available The synthetic technique allows the dsz function to be employed in a program with any one or more of 49 registers in the TI 58 or with an even wider range of r
7. S gt We want to tell you more about the TI INNOVATORS IN ij Programmable 59 and our other PERSONAL ELECTRONICS programmable calculators And about our N S W A J F Systems amp Components 29 Devlin St Ryde 808 2555 Email Limited Metering Division Joynton Ave Waterloo 699 0033 Silicon Valley 23 Chandos St St Leonards 439 2965 Dick Smith Electronics 24 Carlotta St Artarmon 439 5311 VIC A J F Systems amp Components 310 Queen St Melbourne 67 9702 Delta Scientific Product Distribution Red Bank Court St Albans 366 3742 Email Limited 30 Clairmont Ave West Bentliegh 557 2944 Silicon Valley 380 Bridge St Richmond 429 4780 Silicon Valley 308 Whitehorse Rd Blackburn 877 5311 Dick Smith Electronics 399 Lonsdale St Melbourne 67 9834 S A A J F Systems amp Components 44 Prospect Rd Prospect 269 1244 Email Limited 279 Grote St Adelaide 51 0411 Silicon Valley 170 Sturt St Adelaide 51 4080 Dick Smith Electronics 203 Wright St Adelaide 212 1962 W A Esdailes of Cloisters 863 Hay Street Perth 321 9232 Silicon Valley 25 Brisbane St Perth 328 8091 Dick Smith Electronics 414 William Street Perth 328 6944 QLD Email Limited 407 Stanley St Brisbane 44 0281 Silicon Valley 22 Ross St Newstead 52 1339 Dick Smith Electronics 166 Logan Rd Buranda 391 6233 TAS J Walch amp Sons 130 Macquarie St Hobart 34 7511 N Z David Reid Data Products 17 Huron St Takapuna
8. S Australia November 1980 Pictured above the Texas TI 59 available through this technique although it is doubtful if so many will ever be needed Memory division One can learn a great deal about the memory organisation of these calculators by storing a number in a register such as 00 and then re partitioning the memory so that it is all devoted to program steps without any data registers If one then looks at the contents of the program steps near the end of the program memory the number previously entered in the data register will be found coded into the pro gram memory For example if one enters the number 123 4567891 and stores it in register 00 before re partitioning the memory so that it is all in the form of program memory in the case of the TI 58 the following digits will be found stored in program lines 472 to 479 479 12 478 34 477 56 476 78 475 91 474 00 473 00 472 20 Texas TI 58 59 One can therefore see where some of the original number is stored the ex ponential factor 10 being stored in the line 472 The eight lines of each register have to be able to accommodate both exponent digits plus and minus signs and the sign of the exponent The lines of the program 464 to 471 in the case of the TI 58 correspond to the data storage register 01 and similarly throughout the memory TI 58 to TI 59 Memory It was reported at one of the WESCON meetings in the USA that the
9. TI teaching system uses 16 Just released bit CPU in Australia the Texas Instruments TM990 189 single board microcomputer is intended primarily for teaching in colleges universities and industry It comes with comprehensive manuals and can be used either with or without an external ter minal Of particular interest is the microprocessor it uses which is a 40 pin version of Tl s powerful 16 bit TMS9900 processor by JAMIESON ROWE Superficially the TM990 189 looks much the same as other single board microcomputer systems intended for teaching and evaluation It comes as a 280 x 207mm PCB which is provided with rubber feet on the underside and obviously meant to be used naked But it doesn t take long to find out that there s more to the system than meets the eye Like other small systems it has an on board keyboard and LED display In this _ case they are provided in the form of a modified top half from one of TI s calculators giving the keyboard no less than 45 keys One of these is used as a shift key so that the total number of key functions available is no less than 88 of which 63 are actually used Tl has taken advantage of the keyboard by using it for full alphanumeric intput This means that they also have to use the LED display for alphanumerics despite the fact that the LEDs are only 7 segment calculator readouts So some of the characters look a little weird K M R
10. amming languages Sor cim SuperCalc and VisiCorp VisiCalc and related Visi series products With the addition of a Z80 Softcard manufactured by the Xedex Corporation the system will also be able to run CP M and the huge range of programs available for this operating system For further information contact Texas Instruments Australia Pty Ltd PO Box 106 North Ryde NSW 2113 ELECTRC NICS Australia September 1983 143 Texas Instruments portable computer Texas Instruments Australia Ltd has announced a new portable computer that is compatible with the desktop TI Professional Computer The new model is available with either a built in 23cm colour or monochrome display Both displays incorporate the same 25 line by 80 columns format and a resolution of 720 x 300 pixels The TI Portable Professional Computer offers the same high resolution graphics colour capability memory expansion up to 768K bytes and easy to use keyboard as the Texas Instruments Professional Computer Because the new portable is totally compatible with the TI Professional Computer an extensive software library and numerous hardware options are available The keyboard of the TI Portable Professional Computer attaches to the system unit which contains the central processing unit the video display monitor and the diskette drive A built in storage compartment for cable and electric cords makes the computer easy to pack and a bu
11. atile memory when purchased Conclusion It is perhaps unusual to find an instru ment which can do more than the manufacturer claims in respect of the number of common labels and dsz func tions it offers It really is quite surprising what can be done with such a calculator if one is prepared to give the programs adequate thought The manufacturer has recently made an excellent Sourcebook of Programs available to users which take the reader from the relatively sim ple programs of the user manual into sophisticated programming in a wide variety of fields from music to physics and medicine a ELECTRONICS Australia November 1980 117 The M9900 16 Bit Computer Simmat user capability M9900 CPU The processor board of the M9900 family Includes TMS9900 16 bit processor with hardware multiply and divide complete S 100 bus interface supporting both 8 and 16 bit memories vectored interrupts DMA and both S 100 I O and bit addressable M9900 I O Assembled amp tested 750 Kit 600 This price includes the Disc Executive Operating System BASIC Edit Assembler Linker Utilities and Word Processing ey aa The board includes 2K bytes of PROM 1K bytes of RAM a serial I O port with programmable baud rate and programmable real time clock The board provides room for up to 8K bytes of user PROM This board is supplied with debug monitor and disc boot in PROM Assembled 400 Kit 300 The Teletek Disc Controller
12. e now whole new worlds are open to you through the power of programming even if you ve never programmed before Magnetic card read write capability means you can also record your own programs and make them part of your library A Professional Program Exchange makes hundreds of additional TEXAS INSTRUMENTS AUSTRALIA LIMITED programs available to you and TI s new Specialty Pakettes offer programs of interest to groups of specialists in a variety of fields software and the PC 100C printer plotter You ll discover how easily and economically you can increase your own personal print out alpha headings The TI Programmable 59 is only 350 00 The non card programmable TI 58C is also available at 165 00 Add the optional PC 100C_ printer plotter for an additional 285 00 and you can print list or trace your programs plot curves and histograms and productivity with a little help from Texas Instruments This enormous capability at your fingertips can help you maximize your problem solving abilities TI believed this strongly enough to invest millions in a program to provide 59 s to our own professional employees worldwide 8 000 calculators were distributed by the end of 1977 Results over the first 6 months of the program show time devoted to creative work increased 25 with a corresponding reduction Sac Recommended retail price only in fact gathering and repetitive tasks TEXAS INSTRUMENT
13. egin using the TI Home Computer literally minutes after you un pack it Without any previous computer experience or programming knowledge Just touch a few keys and step by step instructions are displayed on the screen to tell you what you re doing what to do next and if you happen to make a mistake how to fix it If you Know computers you ll quickly see the difference in the TI 99 4 Texas Instruments has taken those fea tures you ve been wanting plus some you may not have heard about yet and in cluded them in one incredible affordable computer system The TI 99 4 gives you an unmatched combination of features and combinations including Powerful Tl Basic Built in 13 digit float ing point Basic language with special fea tures and extensions for colour sound and graphics Solid State Speech Synthesizer op tional provides verbal prompts and special messages to the user Solid State Software Command Mod ules with programmes for Home Manage ment Personal Finance Education and Entertainment Built in equation calculator unique con venience feature helps you find quick solu tions to everyday math problems as well as complex scientific calculations High quality 34 cm colour TV specially matched for use with the TI 99 4 compu ter console Simple sure hookup A world of genuine practical applications exist for the TI Home Computer right now The world of things you can do with t
14. egisters in the TI 59 Synthetic labelling The TI 58 and TI 59 each have 45 keys but most of these can be used for two or more operations through the use of a second function key There are five user defined keys each with a second func tion marked A to E which provide 10 user defined labels In addition most of the other keys and their second func tions can be used to label points in a pro gram Although a few of the keys cannot be used as labels such as the learn key the insert delete indirect addressing and the digits one nevertheless has about 60 of these common label keys plus the 10 user defined labels One can synthetically build up further merged instruction labels in the program memory by entering a suitable sequence of instructions If for example one wishes to enter the label 62 one cannot do this directly but it can be done by the key sequence RCL 62 BST BST LBL SST The recall instruction followed by the digits 62 enters these digits in a line of the memory and the two successive backstepping operations take the pro gram counter back to the correct place for the Label key to be used to overwrite the recall instruction Thus one now has the label key followed by the digits 62 in a single memory line so 62 is the label used One can enter the following labels synthetically in a similar way but not directly 63 64 72 73 74 82 83 84 and 92 Thus there are an additional 10 labels ELECTRONIC
15. he TM990 189 much more attractive than earlier single board systems which you had to program in hex It is far easier faster and more convenient to be able to program in symbolic language whether you re learning or using the system for development work Incidentally you aren t limited to us ing the assembler with the on board keyboard and display either Both the assembler and the monitor have routines for communicating with a nor mal external terminal all you need to do this is wire up the appropriate hard ware option on the board Only a couple of ICs and a few other parts are required to wire up the serial interface option and you can configure it for either RS232C or 20mA current loop The firmware driver routines work at either 110 or 300baud as re quired At left is the complete TM990 189 training system note the keyboard display using converted calculator hardware The two training manuals which accompany the system are shown above 81 TI teaching system uses 16 bit CPU 2 Also provided on the TM900 189 board are a 16 bit parallel 1 0 port a bus interface for off board memory ex pansion and provision for off board expansion of the parallel 1 0 facilities to a total of 512 bits 32 x 8 There is also a socket for an optional 2K byte ROM or EPROM Along with the system hardware come two quite comprehensive manuals One is a User Manual the other an Introduction to Micr
16. he TI Home Computer is varied and excit ing personal finance home management CANBERRA TELEVISION INTRODUCE THE TL99 4 HOME COMPUTER educational and entertainment uses A world that will grow at exactly the pace you choose As your children advance in education As your family explores the computer As and if you want to do your own programming If youd like to find out more about the TI 99 4 the best way is to try it out for yourself The Texas Instruments Home Com puter is now available from Canberra Television For more information and a free demon stration just mail the coupon below to Canberra Television PO Box 98 Camberwell Vic 3124 I d like more information and or a free demonstration of the TI 99 4 Home Computer Name Address Postcode Phone CANBERRA TELEVISION Australia s No 1 Television Specialists _ e a a TEX0009
17. his workspace RAM area is specified by a workspace pointer WP register in the CPU whose con tent can be changed along with the program counter 7 This means that subroutines and in terrupt routines can have their own set of working registers a very powerful feature aes l The TM9980 189 training system pic tured was sent to us for review by Radio Despatch Service of 869 George Street Sydney NSW 2000 who advise that they will have good stocks by the time you read this Their price for the system is 420 plus tax if applicable a ELECTRONICS Australia July 1979 8 amp 3 The TI Programmable 59 has it all Solid State Software modules Magnetic card storage capability Printer plotter Professional Program Exchange Quality Value And much more Evaluate programmable calculator systems on the basis of power flexibility total software support and price performance You ll find there s one clearcut answer The TI Programmable 59 Leading the field in performance quality and value the Programmable 59 can get you into the power of programming now at a price you can afford Then you can add capability as you need it With up to 960 program steps or up to 100 memories the computer like TI Programmable 59 can access an additional 5 000 step library of pre written programs just by dropping in a tiny interchangeable Solid State Software module And with twelve different library modules availabl
18. ics resolution of 720 x 300 pixels A colour display controller and 37cm monitor is optionally available of fering the same screen format and resolution An outstanding feature of the new system is the incorporation of artificial in telligence techniques to allow natural language processing Users can access the system by combining common English words and phrases from a menu into sentences which instruct the com puter Also included is a voice manage ment system which combines speech processing voice recognition and telephone management into a single in tegrated unit installed inside the com puter This system provides functions such as voice store and forward automatic telephone dialling and answering and recognition of an unlimited number of spoken words Using a 32 bit signal processing Professional Computer microcomputer chip the voice response system allows the computer to recognise and respond to spoken com mands while running applications pro grams such as spreadsheet calculators Form TI s initial publicity it appears that an extensive range of software will be available for the Professional system Four operating systems are supported MS DOS CP M 86 Concurrent CP M 86 and the UCSD p system Third party soft ware will be available from Ashton Tate database management Digital Research Lifeboat Micropro word pro cessing Peachtree accounting systems Microsoft progr
19. ilt in handle makes it easy to carry A carrying case is also available as an optional extra Other features include a 16 bit 8088 central processor a minimum of 128K bytes of random access memory RAM expandable to 768K bytes five expansion slots and an integral 54 inch half high floppy diskette drive with space for an additional built in disk drive option Storage capacity of an individual floppy diskette is 320K bytes under MS DOS 1 1 and 360K bytes with MS DOS 2 ae l 106 ELECTRONICS Australia November 1984 A 10M byte Winchester disk option is available which has been designed to meet the requirements for operating a Winchester disk in a portable environment TI engineers have shock mounted the drive inside the portable microcomputer and added a software controlled landing zone Further information from Texas Instruments Australia Ltd PO Box 106 North Ryde NSW 2113 Phone 02 887 1122 THORN coiour nas The first home computer designed for beginners or skilled computer users EVE ENTERED A NEW AND EXCITING ERA the age of the home computer Maybe you re al ready quite knowledgeable about comput ers and are looking for the most pro gramming power and versatility for your money Maybe youve just read about it and want to learn more Either way you need to look closely at Texas Instruments TI 99 4 Home Computer If you re new to computers the TI 99 4 is for you You can b
20. oprocessors training manual which uses the TM990 189 system as the basis for its treatment Both books are un bound softcover editions with the pages A4 size One measures about 15mm thick while the other is about 42mm thick and has 500 odd pages Both books are packed full of infor mation and together they provide comprehensive training material Their organisation is not as good as the best have seen however and get the im pression that they have been put together rather hastily This suggests that colleges may need to augment and or guide students throug material at least until they have gained a basic familiarity Despite this qualification think the TM990 189 will be of considerable in terest as a training system if only because of its flexibility It is also likely the to be of interest as a low cost develop ment system by virtue of the fact that it is based on the TI 16 bit TMS9980A microprocessor Actually the TMS9980A is a par ticularly interesting micro because it is virtually a 40 pin version of Tl s power ful TMS9900 processor which nor mally comes in a whopping 64 pin package How has Tl managed to do without 24 of the pins in order to get the processor into a 40 pin package The answer is by pulling a number of tricks One of these is to multiplex the 16 bit internal data bus onto an 8 bit bus for passing data to and from the chip this also allows the use of byte organi
21. sed memory as the data is all handled in bytes Another trick is to reduce the number of address lines to 14 so that the chip can only address 16 384 bytes of memory This is quite reasonable since the TMS9980A s powerful instruc tion set makes its programs very ef ficient A further trick is to have all 1 0 com munication with the processor carried out serially via single input and output lines one of which is actually mul tiplexed on the highest order address line An internal 16 bit shift register called the communications register unit or CRU is used to send and receive data via these lines and can send or receive either single bits of data or whole 16 bit words in response to single instructions os ae During data transfer via the CRU in put and output lines the processor uses the normal address bus to specify the intended source or destination The ad dresses are specified for individual bits and an 11 bit address is used for the CRU address space A total of 2048 1 0 bit addresses are thus available Strobe signals are supplied by the processor during these transfers so that the data can be fed to or derived from any desired interfacing circuitry An interesting feature of both the TMS9980A and the TMS9900 is that the CPU chips themselves have no on chip accumulator registers Instead they use a set of 16 accumulator index registers which are implemented externally in the RAM T
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