User Manual
Contents
1. Step 3 Port Tab To test the connection make sure the Open button is pressed Select required baud rate and the Port dropdown here select the number of your COM port and then press the Change button RealTerm Serial Capture Program 1 99 0 34 Sele Ph ke 4 gt n Clear Freeze Status Leg ba Data Bits gt gt Stop Bits Software Flow Control _ TD 3 e Obits fe 7 bit 2 bits Receive on Char 17 CTS 8 C F bits Hardware Flow Control IT Transmit off Char 1 q _ BCD 1 bits fe None ATSYCTS _ DSR E 5bis DTR DSKO AS485 F7 _ Bing 9 _ BREAK Error Char Count QO00000 Ha UART Overrun Wo Butter Overflow No Other Errors Port 1 5760 A hudoL BZ PIC USER EI 10F8 A Step 4 Send Tab Insert the desired data to be transmitted and press Send ASCII button RealTerm Serial Capture Program 1 99 0 34 Seles x A Display Fort Capture Ping Misc An Clear Freeze EOL status ZE Zeen gt ze Cend Numbers Send aso Gendasciyi __ Connected _ Rat 2 n Mumbers Send ASCII n TKO 3 t ETS 8 Si Repeats f EZ m Literal Strip Spaces DCD 1 Dump File to Part _ DSR 6 e Stempscapture tst ow Send File Stop E _ Ring 5 Error Mot In Progress _ BREAK Repeats Mo u Eror Char Count 0000000 CPS 0 Mo USAT Overrun Ma Butter Overflow Ha Other Errors Par2. On board JTAG connector for Debugging Programming On board ICSP connector for Debugging Programming On board 20 MHz crystal oscillator On board DB9 female connector On board mini USB connector On board 5V UART pins On board 3V3 UART pins There is a provision to interface ZigBee module There is a provision to interface RFID module There is a provision to interface servomotor There is a provision to attach mini bread board Male and Female berg strips to access port pins LAYOUT OF PIC16F877A DEVELOPMENT BOARD MINI Ir LI m Ze D1 SOCO J4 1555 0 wf clits Pa I En PIC USERS GUIDE TOHEA PACKAGE CONTENTS Fully Assembled and Tested PIC16F877A Development board mini RS232 Serial Cable USB cable A to B Software CDROM with e User Manual Schematic Programming Software Sample Hex Code Example Codes for Led Blinking LCD Display Led Control with Timer UART Communication PWM Generation Buzzer Interfacing ADC Interfacing SYSTEM SPECIFICATION e Power Supply via 1 USB cable 5V 2 DC barrel jack connector 7 12V 3 RMC connector 7 12V e 50mA in idle state when On board modules are inactive e Dimension is 82 34mm x 96 08mm e Weight is 92g gt mudoL BZ PIC USER GUIDE 10F8 A HARDWARE INTRODUCTION 2 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM DB9 female MAX 232 Adapter Socket i Se Adapter Socket RFID KDS 20 MHz USB Connect
3. Remove File From Project Select Language Toolsuite Set Language Tool Locations Version Control novedcc bank oO Step 4 Click Next to the poped up Project Wizard window hi A A i a E AA E Project Wizard Welcome This wizard helps you create ar configure a new MPLAB IDE project Ta continue click Hest banko rnudoLABZ PIC WE TOG Z Step 5 Select PIC16F877A from the drop down list appears in the window opens Kee MPLAB IDE 18 36 Select a device Untitled Wor Device PICITBF SY d DICH EHF N Step 6 Select HI TECH PICC TOOL suite as compiler among the list of toolsuite given Check the toolsuite content listed contains PICC Compiler suiting to our programming needs And click next File Edit View P Project Wizard Step Two Select a language toolsuite WW Untitled Wor Active Toolsuite HI TECH FICC Toolsuite Toolsuite Contents PICC Linker picc ee Location C Program Files HI TECH Software PICC Lites9 504BINSPICL EXE Browse _ Store tool locations in project Help My Suite lant Listed o Show all installed toolsuites BI Files PIC USERS EE TOHEA Step 7 Create a project file at desired name in a suitable location with appropriate name MPLAB IDE v8 36 File Edit wiew Pi Project Wizard Step Three Create a new project or
4. 5V UART amp 3V3 UART K16 Connector for servomotor rnudoLABZ PIC Wasa 10F8 A Power Supply 1 2 Select USB power J18 Options 2 3 Select external DC power J11 J12 J13 J14 LCD Short access Enables LCD for 8 bit mode J16 Potentiometer Short access Enables ADC connection via POT J17 Temperature Sensor Short access Enables temp sensor connection J1 J2 J10 LED Short access Enables LED connection J8 J9 J15 Pull Up Key Short access Enables Pull Up Key connection J19 Buzzer Short access Enables buzzer connection J20 J21 ZigBee Short access Establish ZigBee connection 1 2 RS232 Connection ech Esch 2 3 USB Connection pe rnudoL BZ PIC TE 10F8 A 2 3 POWER SUPPLY PIC16F877A Board has three power supply options as follows e Through the on board USB port 5V e Through RMC Connector 7V 12V External DC Power Supply D Through Barrel Jack Connector 7V 12V External DC Power Supply Note For power selection jumper J18 must be in position 1 Barrel Jack Connector 2 USBport arte 3 RMC Connector d N POWER SUPPLAY VUSB z FI 333R D 77 II ai A SI ES EE 47uf 16Y z La K D LM 7805 LIV DC K4 gt io gt C19 du luf a ER E 2 ut 25V j 47ufi 16V 7 9V DC i Illustration 4 Power supply source connection schematic PIC Tee UE 2 4 CLOCK SOU
5. PIC E 10F8 A 2 13 ZIGBEE INTERFACING ZigBee is a wireless networking standard that is aimed ai remote control and sensor applications which is suitable for operation in harsh radio environments and in isolated locations ZigBee technology builds on IEEE standard 802 15 4 rhydoLABZ PIC16F877A development board mini have pin out compatibility for ZigBee interfacing Communication with the ZigBee module uses a standard UART interface compatible with 3V3 Short J20 and J21 while using ZigBee Illustration 22 ZigBee Module mounted on board XBEE R35 R36 10K Qiy 10K 3V3 120 EON RC d TTL RX LV br cn XBTX BSS138 Oluf p l 20 5 3V3 5 Tg 3 18 C45 4 17 IL rer Ra e R35 d 16 hok T K D a 0 luf J21 i l4 RC6 TX LV 8 13 f Dees 9 12 BR BS5138 mg TI GND Remove J3 amp J4 while using Xbee Illustration 23 ZigBee Module Schematic PIC EE 10F8 A 2 14 RFID INTERFACING Radio frequency identification RFID is the wireless use of electromagnetic fields to transfer data for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects The tags contain electronically stored information The RFID device serves the same purpose as a bar code or a magnetic strip on the back of a credit card or ATM card it provides a unique identifier for that object Unlike a barcode the tag does not necessarily need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedd
6. Step 11 Create a new file either by clicking the New File icon or by selecting File gt New or using keyboard shortcut CTRL N m Sample MPLAB IDE v8 36 File Edit View Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help Oa sme sasas 9 vote bee S WW Sample mcw Seles WW Output Seles Source Files i ES Header Files NI MPLAB IDE Editor E Object Files i Library Files Ki Files ge symbols bank oi Step 12 Created file was saved by selecting File gt Save as m Sample MPLAB IDE v8 36 SES Edit View Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help New Ctrl E e et ot be Sw acid Mew File to Project a L Li ceh ma o gt EE SE ri W Output m a Close CErIH E Senf kel G Build Version Control Chr Chrl ShiFE S E MPLAB IDE Editor Open Workspace Save Workspace Save Workspace As Close Workspace Import Export Print ZErl P Recent Files Recent Workspaces Exit Ea Files PIC E TOFOA Step 13 Save the file with c extension in the project folder E Sample MPLAB IDE v8 36 File Edit View Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help Del tee Saam ell WW Sample mcw Seles Save As La Sample mcp Save in 3 Sample LC Source Files C Header Files File name Save as type All Source Files c h asm as inc st W Jump to Project Directory Encoding ANSI E Files i CT Add File Ta Project PICIGFAZ 7
7. The communication settings can be editable so we can write any COM and desired baud rate Works with PIC16F PIC18F and automatically detects HEX content Now the code can be flashed to the controller In the board make sure to do the following jumper connections 1 Select the power source as USB cable or DC source 2 Select USB or serial port for flashing the code Now power up the board The power LED on the board glows Note The controller can be programmed in two ways 1 By using Serial Port 2 By using USB Port The user has to choose the exact COM Port in order to program the controller either through Serial Port or through USB Port PIC USERS GUIDE TOHEA Step 18 Open Tiny Bootloader Load required hex file c Tiny Bootloader eas ample S ample hex Bee Messages Terminal Drone terminat write Flash Z gi Terminal Options termn pt Intertace to TinyBootLoader v1 9 8 CheckPIC contact claudiv chiculta ugal ro http w etc ugal ro cchucullad software picbootloader htm Warning piccodes ini not found Comm i 15200 Search COM Step 19 Click Write Flash and simultaneously press Reset button on development on development board After successfully flashing the code into the controller it can be used for the desired purpose c Tiny Bootloader sample hex E IC eampleeample hex al Onge Ss Messages Terminal Hone fot Write Flash g Termina
8. GND GND GND Remove J1 J2 amp J10 when RB1 RB2 RB3 are used for other purpose Illustration 6 LED connection schematic rnudoLABZ PIC Wasa TOHE LA 2 7 LCD INTERFACE The display is a standard 16x2 LCD which displays 2 lines of 16 characters Each character is 40 pixels making it 1280 pixels overall The display receives ASCII codes for each character at the data inputs D0 D7 The data is presented to the display inputs by MCU and latched in by triggering the E Enable input The RW Read Write line can be tied low write mode as the LCD is receiving data only The RS Register Select inputs allows commands to be send to the display RS select command data register The display itself contains a microcontroller the standard chip in this type of display is Hitachi HD44780U It must be initialized according to the data and display options required The module can be used in 4 bit or 8 bit mode In our development board we could use either 4 bit or 8 bit interfaces Shorting jumpers J11 J12 J13 J14 selects 8 bit interface amp if removed selects 4 bit interface PORTD pins are used as data command pins while PORTC pins as RS amp E pin A trimmer potentiometer is interfaced to adjust the LCD contrast to get a better view in every angle Note Jumpers J11 J12 J13 amp J14 will be shorted in PCB by default If RDO RD1 RD2 amp RD3 needs to relieved from LCD connection user needs to manually disconnect the track ly
9. beepers include alarm devices timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device usually electronic typically used in automobiles household appliances such as microwave oven or game shows It indicates a warning in the form of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping sound Here we use a ceramic based piezoelectric sounder with a high pitched tone BUZER Remove jumper J19 when REO is used for other purpose Illustration 13 Buzzer Connection Schematic PIC USERS GUIDE TOHE LA 2 10 UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER AND TRANSMITER Serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time sequentially over a communication channel The Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter USART module is one of the two serial I O modules USART is also known as a Serial Communication Interface The USART is highly flexible serial communication protocol The USART can be configured as a full duplex asynchronous system that can communicate with peripheral devices such as CRT terminals and personal computers or it can be configured as a half duplex synchronous system that can communicate with peripheral devices such as A D or D A integrated circuits serial EEPROMS etc Note The baud rate range for the PIC microcontroller is 300 to 115200 The main features are e Full duplex operations e Asynchronous or synchronous o
10. reconfigure the active project EE Untitled Wor 7 Create New Project File CS ample S ample Browse Recontiguie Active Project Make changes without saving 1 Save changes to existing Drolect Die Save changes to another project file cc Step 8 In next window open add any files you desire to add to your new project if required else just skip this step by clicking Next m MPLAB IDE v8 30 File Edt Ven P Project Wizard Step Four Add existing files to pour project EE Untitled Wor Seat LI Documents and Settings CI HTSOFT Remove W Remove EES Program Files Sample o CH WINDOWS B AUTOEXEC BAT ER D PIC WE lore IA Step 9 Click Finish to the following window open m MPLAB IDE vB 36 File Edit View Pt joe WW Untitled Wor Project Wizard Summary Chek Finish to createrconhgure the project with these parameters Project Parameters Device PICT BFS 74 Toolsuite HI TECH PICC Tooleuite File C Sample S ample mep A new workspace will be created and the new project added to that workspace D sample MPLAB IDE vi 20 Sample mc Ex File Edit view Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help Oe tee eae am gll Debus eg WW Sample mew E mf E Sample mcp Source Files Object Files Library Files KE PICI6FAZZ7A OWD banko 38 A nudoL BZ PIC E 10F8 A
11. 2 VDD 5V Vcc 33 RBO INT UC N C 34 RB1 I O LED 35 RB2 I O LED 36 RB3 PGM I O LED 37 RB4 I O N C 38 RB5 I O Pull Up Key 39 RB6 PGC I O ICSP 40 RB7 PGD I O ICSP rnudoLABZ TECHNICAL SUPPORT If you are experiencing a problem that is not described in this manual please contact us Our phone lines are open from 9 00 AM 5 00 PM Indian Standard Time Monday through Saturday excluding holidays Email can be sent to support rnydolabz com DISCLAIMER Copyright Rhydo Technologies P Ltd All rights are reserved Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice Contact Us Rhydo Technologies P Ltd An ISO 9001 2008 Certified R amp D Company Golden Plaza Chittoor Road Cochin 682018 Kerala India Tel 0091 484 2370 444 2371 666 Cell 0091 99466 70444 Fax 0091 484 237 0579 Email infoorhydolabz com sales rhydolabz com For more information please visit www rhydolabz com rnudoL ABZ
12. A Step 14 Saved file can be added to source file by right click on source file and seleci Add Files E Sample MPLAB IDE v8 36 Sample mcw File Edit view Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help Den saraj sawan t vet cn bee S BI Sample mew EX Inx Build Version Control EN ES Sample mcp i Odd Files Create SubFolder BI MPLAB IDE Editor Filter sample c st ther Files PICIEF8F7A PIC UE pis COIDE 10F8 A Step 15 Select sample c from the new window opened and click Open Sample MPLAB IDE v8 36 Sample mcw File Edit View Project re Sample mcp 2 Source Files Header Files __ Object Files ES Library Files Other Files LU Files i a Symbols Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window ae Look in Sample File name sample Files of type All Source Files as c h Jump to C 45 ample Remember this setting Auto Let MPLAB IDE guess 0 User File s were created especially far this project use relative path o System File s are external to project use absolute path Step 16 Type the code D Sample MPLAB IDE v8 36 File Edit View Project Debugger Programmer ee Debug m Sample mcw I Sample mcp S Source Files kos sample c E Header Files Object Files Library Files Other Files S SE Configure Window Help emg Tools
13. Dlx WC Ee C include lt pic h gt void main i TRISE2 0 while i i RBZ 1 Zo set RBZ as logic high state Delay Ms 250 Wait for 250 mo RB2 0 To set RBZ as logic low state Delay Ms 250 gt Zait for 250 mS To direct REZ as O P PICIBFEZZA bank In rnudoLABZ PIC E 10F8 A Step 17 Code can be compile by clicking the Build All icon Build the project Errors if any get listed in the Build output window Correct them and build again On successful building the hex file will be generated in the project folder m Sample MPLAB IDE v8 36 E Pe lt File Edit View Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure window Help Dc bi due SHGAN Debug WW Sample mcw aA EX a em we Output Version Control Find in Eiles Sample mcp a l Source Files Configuration bits ES sample c CONFIG used Ohf Dot Ihword DU E Header Files i Frogram space used 2 Ehf 46 af 00h word 2 HBr Glee Data space used Ehr Piot Bohbytes f Other Files EEPROM space used hf Dot 100h bytes ID Location space used Uhi Oot 4h bytes Configuration bits used OUhf Olof Thword SUMMAry Loaded CASample sample cot BUILD SUCCEEDED Thu Noy 20 14 58 22 2014 Files L PiCLeESgzzb At ic banka i Tiny Bootloader This is a bootloader for Microchip PIC microcontroller By using Tiny Bootloader program can be upload to the flash memory of the controller
14. MIN DEVELOPMENI BOARD HI C USERS GUIDE 1OFS A make your own intelligent embedded world SL lt rhudoLABZ PIC USERS GUIDE 16F877A TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 0 OVERVIEW oaia coaie au Saul alea ai nisa E E iei au ba ri 2 1 1 CONTROLLER SPECIFICATION cccccccssececcseccescesececeseeesccseseeccneseccseeeesceseeees 2 1 2 KEI PE RE SO senat ateliere ii eri lata ei nai it 3 2 0 HARDWARE INTRODUCTION ii ironie iu iei a iata bi ati uta in i alai l il Uitata a nea 5 2 1 BLOCK DACI A Vie eee ene re pa taiat dana ef a iale et flu na Bia dela da 5 2 2 INTERFACE OVERVIEW sirene meta it seal AE anale taiga i 6 2 3 POWER SUPPLY eee eee eee ati eee aie ei ceia ina ae la e desc iul ee 9 2 4 CLOCK SOUR GE eeneg ii ai dt ma i inainta 10 2 5 MICROCONTROLLER PIN OUT 10 2 6 LED INTERFACING se steam ee azotate iaca tb a mie rau ii ao aia ei pl etapei 11 2 7 LGDINTEREAGIIN LE E 12 2 8 PULL UP KEYS INTERFACING ee eee eee eee eee eee ana aaa ae 14 2 9 BUZZER INTEREACING ce ceea creea ae ned east aaa le inele E E dle tea e 15 2 10 UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS RECIEVER TRANSMITTER 16 2 11 SVAR EE 22 2 12 d deed 22 2 13 ZIGBEE INTERFACING ei se caeacinsio astia o tea asist sis belea nbc asediau ace eta isi arti aa pa DB etnia 23 2 14 AFI INI ERE AONI taine cea ai atena esto oaie ari eta a ata aaa ea da die ei eee 24 2 15 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE eee eee 26 2 16 ICSP CONNECTOR AND RJ 11 PINOUT eee eee ee
15. RCE PIC microcontrollers normally use a quartz crystal for the purpose of providing clock frequency Clock source for PIC16F877A Development board Mini e 20 MHz Crystal as the MCU clock source 2 5 MICROCONTROLLER PINOUT CONTROLLER PICI8F4520 R5A70R O RE amp R7RE RIC I NA PIC SF4550 ENA a R547 0R Cli Mint Bags NA Not applicable Illustration 4 Microcontroller pinout schematic rnudoLABZ PIC Decre EE 10F8 A 2 6 LED INTERFACE LED s are semiconductor diodes electronic devices that permit current to flow in only one direction The diode is formed by bringing two slightly different materials together to form a PN junction In a PN junction the P side contains excess positive charge holes while the N side contains excess negative charge electrons When a forward voltage is applied to the semiconducting element forming the PN junction electrons move from N area toward P area and holes move from P area toward N area Near the junction the electrons and holes combine As this occurs energy is released in the form of light that is emitted by the LED The material used in the semi conducting element of an LED determines its color LED s are the simplest devices to test port functioning There are 3 LED available in our development board General Purpose Input Output RB1 RB2 and RB3 are interfaced with LEDs via jumpers J1 J2 and J10 respectively LED INTERFACE
16. UART Bridge Controller providing a simple solution for updating RS 232 designs to USB using a minimum of components and PCB space The CP2102 includes a USB 2 0 full speed function controller USB transceiver oscillator EEPROM and asynchronous serial data bus UART with full modem control signals in a compact 5 x 5 mm MLP 28 package No other external USB components are required Illustration 12 CP2102 Module USB INTERFACE 3V 3V Ka R24 RI SE fox y Ql fox 29 TFL CP TXD Am O luf BSS138 T 3V 5 VUSB R26 R27 D 10K y Q2 10K SC DI 3 TAL CP RXD 10uf16V O luf 7 RI BSS138 C47 CP2102 H gt 3V 0 luf GND Use proper jumper J3 amp J4 selection while using USB Illustration 13 CP2102 Module schematic rnudoLABZ PIC Kr 10F8 A USING REALTERM IN PC Real term is a testing analyzing and simulation tool for serial communication protocols It allows us to monitor communication between two serial devices or to test the serial communication of a single devices Realterm can be download by download Steps for creating RealTerm in PC The serial data transmitted through USART can be viewed on a PC using a Windows tool for Serial Port Communication called Realterm Step 1 All programL_RealTerm c yealterm Set Program Access and Defaults Windows Catalog Windows Update e Accessories k Internet Mozilla Firefox Je Avira i E mail an CP
17. UID d Outlook Express rr Foxit Reader 5 1 Li Calculator Ei Games k PR HI TECH Software AYR Studio 4 en Microchip k E Oopenffice 4 1 1 Keil u ision4 g i Jong FealTerrn realterm Start lt COMI SFE Shortcut to arduin ei e Ca Ce FI WinRAR Be realterm COM1 115K B Internet Explorer realterrn register server Notepad Keil uvision4 Foxit Reader 5 1 Si Mozilla Firefox kal Outlook Express HyperTerminal e Remote Assistance al Windows Media Player Paint d Windows Messenger CG Windows Movie Maker FHL ISS BS Shortcut ta LPiZZ10c i IF Atmel AVR Tools MPLAB IDE Yj keil uvision3 en Philips Semiconductors All Programs A rhyudoL ABZ PIC USERS GUIDE 16re7 A Step 2 Display Tab Here the output text format selected is ANSI and Half Duplex mode is enabled to view the data sent by the user Reallerm Serial Capture Program 1 99 0 34 wi A Misc An Clear Freeze Display Ag We Half Duplex Binary Sync Chars Status pF bent ine BED _ Connected Ce Ansi mil bag w Changs RD 2 iei eee at b OR _ TxD 3 inte Data Frames AND _JETS 8 pe Bytes 2 suncis _IDED 1 intl amp Single Gulp Ge None C ASCII Number ss E uint1 6 ing 3 be Aos EE j _ BREAK Hex Font Terminal Font H zi Erop lt eevee oye Char Count 0000000 CPs No USAT Overrun Ha Butter Overflow No Other Errors Fort 1 5760
18. cessible 100 000 erase write cycle Enhanced Flash program memory typical 1 000 000 erase write cycle Data EEPROM memory typical Data EEPROM Retention gt 40 years Self re programmable under software control In Circuit Serial Programming ICSPTM via two pins Single supply 5V In Circuit Serial Programming Watchdog Timer WDT with its own on chip RC oscillator for reliable operation Programmable code protection Power saving Sleep mode Selectable oscillator options In Circuit Debug ICD via two pin Low power high speed Flash EEPROM technology Fully static design Wide operating voltage range 2 0V to 5 5V Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges Low power consumption e rnudoL BZ PIC SE ciate EU 10F8 A 1 2 KEY FEATURES OF PIC16F877A DEVELOPMENT BOARD MINI Co POI Ca E eg Compact and Ready to use Professional EMI RFI Complaint PCB Layout for Noise Reduction High Quality Two layer PTH PCB The board is moderate in size Board supports 40 pin PIC microcontrollers No separate power adapter required USB power source RMC Connector and barrel jack connector for external power supply with jumper select option RS232 and CP2102 Interface for direct connection to PC s serial USB port On board two line LCD display 2x16 On board Reset button Built in potentiometer interface for ADC On board Temperature Sensor Interface On board Buzzer Interface
19. e 28 2 17 Ee IO CO Feature aaa eee ia a alina poet ada ei ie paie dl ret aie ar 29 2 18 POR EXP E 30 3 0 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ceia iati aoleu luau Sade dna ta daia aci a soia 31 3 1 TOOLS AND ele 31 3 2 AOW TOTE E e acetat a oii tnt tm ta fn add letal dia tan ll ta tel ER 4 0 VO PIN DISTRIBUTION cei tenta ia ni a a a it a lin cat int i ai ai lt 43 PIC E 10F8 A OVERVIEW The PIC16F877A Development Board Mini from rhydoLABZ can be used to evaluate and demonstrate the capabilities of Microchip PIC16F877A microcontroller The board is designed for general purpose applications and includes a variety of hardware to exercise microcontroller peripherals Ideally suitable for training and development purposes The board provides the basic environment for a PIC microcontroller to run All ports 5V GND 3V3 are available on 40 pin male berg strip and 44 pin female berg strip We can easily attach a mini bread board on this development board Now all the PORTs of microcontroller along with power pins are available at the four side of the mini bread board where as we can design the rest of our project pe rnudoL BZ PIC USERS GUIDE 16re7 A 1 1 CONTROLLER SPECIFICATION SS ae ee e 2 O PIC microcontrollers are manufactured by Microchip Technology Inc The PIC microcontroller family is based on modified Harvard architecture Features of PIC16F877A microcontrollers are 1 Only 35 single word in
20. ed in the tracked object RFID is one method for Automatic Identification and Data Capture AIDC RFID is a method of identifying unique items using radio waves Typical RFID systems are made up of three components readers interrogators antennas and tags transponders that carry the data on a microchip Illustration 30 RFID Reader on board E rnudoL ABZ PIC EE TGFA lllustration 31 RFID Tags Illustration 32 RFID Interfacing Schematic PIC HEI TOHEA 2 15 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER The Analog to Digital Converter module in PIC16F877A has eight analog inputs The analog input charges a sample and hold capacitor The output of the sample and hold capacitor is the input into the converter The converter then generates a digital result of this analog level via successive approximation The A D conversion of the analog input signal results in a corresponding 10 bit digital number The A D module has four registers These registers are e A D Result High Register ADRESH e A D Result Low Register ADRESL e A D Control RegisterO ADCONO e A D Control Register1 ADCON1 Analog pin RAO connected to a potentiometer A potentiometer in an electrical device allows reducing the voltage level from the circuit maximum to ground or zero level The test input voltage for ADC is derived from a 10K potentiometer connected across the 5V power supply and is connected to RAO ANO pin of PIC16F877A The
21. get started with PIC microcontrollers we will need some tools and software e APC desktop or laptop with a spare USB port running Windows 7 or XP e Microchips MPLAB Integrated Development Environment e AC compiler e APIC programmer to load your programs onto the microcontroller without bootloader e A prototyping environment such as rhydoLABZ PIC16F877A Microcontroller Development Boards The MPLAB development system consists of a system of programs that run on a PC This software package is designed to help develop edit test and debug PIC code Installing the MPLAB package is straightforward and simple Familiarization of MPLAB LITE Development Suite e Creating a Project file e Select Microcontroller from Device Database e Copy and Add the CPU Startup Code e Create New Source Files e Add Source Files to Project e Set Tool Options for Target se thud o LABZ PIC USERS GUIDE TOHE ZA 3 2 HOW TO TEST Mini USB and Serial Cable are used for programming the Development board Mini When USB cable is connected to the Development board Mini PWR LED Red on the top of Development board Mini module glows which shows the power indication Step 1 Launch MPLAB IDE Administrator Ze fi Internet EE My Documents Internet Explorer S j Fe My Recent Documents F R A E mail Outlook Express i Set Program Access and Defaults 2 Windows Catalog Za Windows Update J EA Accessories E Games e
22. ing underneath these jumpers Trimmer Pot ES Illustration 7 LCD s male port on board Illustration 8 16x2 alohanumeric LC s mudoL BZ PIC US ERO GUIDE 10F8 A LCD LCD INTERFACE 16 5 a erm a rD TA a2 Ros aw II RD3 9 J12 RD e JI3RDI gz 114 RDO e ra H RCO a __ 2 ff RA en IK AK7 LCD N 2 Remove J11 J12 J13 amp J14 while using Ab LCD Illustration 9 LCD connection schematic 14 f rnudoL ABZ PIC USERS CUIDE TOHEA 2 8 PULL UP KEY INTERFACING The simplest input to a microcontroller is a switch or push button This can operate with just one additional support component a pull up resistor The resistors R15 R14 and R34 are pull up resistors The input pins RC3 RC2 and RB5 reads high value when the keys are not pressed When the key is pressed it connect the input pin to the ground via a small value resistor Thus input pin get logic low value There are 3 pull up switches in the board connected to RC2 RC3 and RB5 Illustration 10 Pull Up Key on board PULLUP KEY INTERFACE Remove J8 J9 amp J15 when RC3 RC2 RB5 are used for other purpose Illustration 11 Pull up key connection schematic E rhudoL BZ PIC E 10F8 A 2 9 BUZZER INTERFACING A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device which may be mechanical electromechanical or piezoelectric Typical uses of buzzers and
23. l Options termOpt Interface to TinyBootLoader v1 9 8 CheckPIC contact claudiu chiculitatuugal ra http aa etc ugal ro cchiculita software picbootloader htm Connected to MA NUMT at 1175200 Cami HE 95 days old INH 8M 16Fcode ctg totkal 8666 bytes SE Searching for PIC m 5200 Found 16F 876A B77A ns WRITE OF at 14 04 time 6 437 sec Search f rnudoLABZ PIC E 10F8 A I O DISTRIBUTION 4 1 THE PIN DISTRIBUTION OF PIC16F877A DEVELOPMENT BOARD 1 MCLR VPP Reset Key 2 RAO ANO UC ADC Input potentiometer 3 RA1 AN1 LUC ADC Input Temp Sensor 4 RA2 AN2 VREF I O N C 5 RA3 AN3 VREF I O N C 6 RA4 TOCKI N C 7 RA5 AN4 SS I O N C 8 RE0 RD AN5 I O BUZZER 9 RE1 WR AN6 I O SERVOMOTOR 10 RE2 CS AN7 I O N C 11 VDD DV Vcc 12 VSS GND 13 OSC1 CLKIN 14 OSC2 CLKOUT 15 RCO T10SO T1CKI I O LCD 16 RC1 T10SI CCP2 I O LCD 17 RC2 CCP1 I O Pull Up Key 18 RC3 SCK SCL I O Pull Up Key 19 RDO PSPO I O LCD 20 RD1 PSP1 I O LCD 21 RD2 PSP2 I O LCD 22 RD3 PSP3 I O LCD 23 RC4 SDI SDA I O N C 24 RC5 SDO I O N C 25 RC6 TX CK I O TXD XBEE RFID 26 RC7 RX DT I O RXD XBEE RFID 27 RD4 PSP4 I O LCD s rnudoL BZ PIC eae 10F8 A 28 RD5 PSP5 I O LCD 29 RD6 PSP6 I O LCD 30 RD7 PSP7 I O LCD 31 VSS GND 3
24. n Startup GH MPLAB IDE v8 36 en Maestra EC Internet Explorer Ea Documentation d msn A MPASMWIN EE mm izal ka Outlook Express aw MPLAB IDE MET aE iE MPLAB IDE v8 36 wei Remote Assistance ze MPLAB IDE Help Windows Media Player Ke Setup MPLAB Tools Br Windows Messenger Ki Visual Procmd All Programs Jy Windows Movie Maker E Log OFF 1 Disconnect A rhyudoL ABZ P C USERS GUIDE JESS Z Step 2 The MPLAB IDE window opens as shown below A MPLAB DE v8 36 DER Fie Edit view Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure window Help posoiingls n Checksum m Untitled Wor EIS A MPLAB IDE v8 36 File Edit view Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure window Help i E ch me Ced ee ZASA d i amp a 0 Checksum etc m Untitled wor EER ut a ji Build Version Control Find in Files PICI6FE77A bank Dl PIC Wasa TOHEA Step 3 To create a new project select Project gt Project Wizard from menu bar M MPLAB IDE v8 36 SEa Fie Edit View amca Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help EEE j ov ATA C Files New Open pui Close Version Contral Set Active Project Lal Quickbuild no asm File Package in zip Clean Build Configuration Build Options Save Project Save Project Gs Add Files to Project Add New File ta Project
25. or ZigBee PIC16F877A Mini Development Board P2102 ISP a Debug USB 5V 3V3 UART JTAG Temp sensor Potentiometer Pull up Keys PIC USER CUIDE TOHE LA 2 2 INTERFACE OVERVIEW J3 J4 UART J18 power ICSP E FH V SW4 reset det ae beets Le l E F LED power LEDs SWITCHES Illustration 1 Top view of the Development board Mini LCD EAS wg lui Alf ek CAN ale We Bring the World if You o o 3 All Ep W I sc jm EE 16 SERVO K POWER eg KE Le e J16 ADC Ha ge ESO Ie amp ry j d 4 J19 BUZZER SE J17 TEMP J20 J21 XBEE J1 J2 J10 LED Illustration 2 Bottom view of the Development board Mini A rhyudoL ABZ PIC E 10F8 A U1 POWER SUPPLY LD1117 3V3 U2 RS232 MAX232 U3 VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM7805 U4 CONTROLLER PIC16F877A U5 USB Interface CP2102 U6 MCP2551 used only in PIC18F4580 dev board U7 TEMPERATURE SENSOR MCP9700 U8 Connector for ZIGBEE MODULE P1 LCD Contrast Control Knob P2 ADC Knob SW4 Reset switch SW1 SW2 SW3 Pull up key LED1 LED2 LED3 3 LEDs connected to the PORTB pins LCD 16X2 Monochrome LCD K11 RJ 11 Connector ICSP K3 USB Socket K9 RMC connector K5 DB9 Female Connector K10 ICSP Connector K1 K2 K7 K8 K12 K13 Controller Port pins K14 CAN Interface used only in PIC18F4580 dev board K15 amp K17
26. peration e Master or slave clocked synchronous operation e High resolution Baud Rate generator e Odd or even parity check supported by hardware e Data Over Run detection e Framing Error Detection e Noise filtering includes false start bit detection and digital low pass filter e Multiprocessor communication mode e Double speed asynchronous communication mode s thudo LABz PIC WE 10F8 A RS 232 Interfacing RS 232 is a standard communication protocol for linking computer and its peripheral devices to allow serial data exchange Since RS 232 communication voltage levels are different than microcontroller logic levels it is necessary to use a RS 232 Transceiver circuit Here we use serial driver IC MAX232 for interfacing RS 232 with microcontroller UART module A DB9 female connector is provided to make direct connection with the serial port of a device or PC RS232 S Co 18 C6 0 luf 0 luf 0 luf 2 3 6 CP TXD 4 C8 pc 9 8 C7 0 luf 0 luf 5 R3 9 8 WE sa RRIK 10 MAX 232 zi N en 2o00 E 15 Use proper jumper J3 amp J4 while using RS232 amp USB Remove J3 amp J4 while using Zigbee amp RFID module Remove J3 amp J4 while RC6 amp RC7 are used for other purpose Illustration 15 RS232 Module Schematic KA Illustration 14 RS232 Module on board top e pol rnudoLABZ PIC WEE elses CP2102 USB Interfacing The CP2102 is a highly integrated USB to
27. refore the 10 bit ADC will convert any analog voltage between 0 5V to a digital number ranging from 0 1023 The number will be displayed on the LCD The device that performs either conversion is called an A D or analog to digital converter Illustration 18 Potentiometer for ADC Remove jumper J16 when RAO is used for other purpose Illustration 19 Potentiometer for ADC Schematic pe mudoL BZ PIC E 10F8 A Analog pin RA1 interfaced to a Temperature sensor MCP9700 temperature sensor can be used to measure ambient temperature in the range of 55C to 150C Illustration 20 Temperature Sensor on board TEMPERATURE SENSOR Remove jumper J17 when RAI is used for other purpose Illustration 21 Temperature Sensor Schematic PIC USERS GUIDE TOHEA 2 16 ICSP CONNECTOR AND RJ 11 PINOUT In Circuit Serial Programming is the ability of some programmable devices microcontrollers and other embedded devices to be programmed while installed in a complete system This is a Six PIN male connector used to upload debug programs to microcontroller Pinout of RJ 11 is same as that of ICSP so it can be used for debugging programming the controller Signals and pinout e Vpp Programming mode voltage This must be connected to the MCLR pin or the Vpp pin of the optional ICSP port available on some large pin count PICs To put the PIC into programming mode this line must be in a specified range
28. structions to learn All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycle Operating speed DC 20 MHz clock input DC 200 ns instruction cycle Up to 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory RAM Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory Pinout compatible to other 28 pin or 40 44 pin PIC16CXXX and PIC16FXXX microcontrollers TimerO 8 bit timer counter with 8 bit prescaler Timer1 16 bit timer counter with prescaler can be incremented during Sleep via external crystal clock Timer2 8 bit timer counter with 8 bit period register prescaler and postscaler Two Capture Compare PWM modules Capture is 16 bit max resolution is 12 5 ns Compare is 16 bit max resolution is 200 ns PWM max resolution is 10 bit Synchronous Serial Port SSP with SPI Master mode and I2C Master Slave Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter USART SCI with 9 bit address detection Parallel Slave Port PSP 8 bits wide withexternal RD WR and CS controls 40 44 pin only Brown out detection circuitry for Brown out Reset BOR 10 bit up to 8 channel Analog to Digital Converter A D Brown out Reset BOR Analog Comparator module with Two analog comparators Programmable on chip voltage reference VREF module Programmable input multiplexing from device inputs and internal voltage reference Comparator outputs are externally ac
29. t 1 5760 Step 5 The output after data transmission to the controller is shown in the following diagram The text sent by user and controller is highlighted by callouts in the figure Realferm Serial Capture Program 1 99 0 34 rhydo labz com Sent by user Sent by controller d gt Display Port Capture Pins Send Echo Fort 20 Misc Clear Freeze Status hydalabe com Send Numbers US CII CF Connected Ge e Nitta ARS STROE a TOA E RD 2 Send Numbers Send ASCII f db TAD 3 M AF CTS 9 W CCD 1 W CSR 6 Ring 3 BREAK E mon LPS U No UART Deeg No Buffer Overflow No Other Enos Fot 1 3600 el PE FE U oO ci Repeats 1 itea T SimpSpaces tere Dump File to Fort cMemp capture tst d a Send Ele X ste Error Not In Progress Bas Repeats 1 E jo rnudoL ABZ PIC WEE TOHEA 2 11 5V UART 5V UART can be used to interface 5V TTL modules to communicate with microcontroller Eg RFID Bluetooth etc 5V UART GND Remove J3 amp J4 while using K15 as UART Illustration 14 5V UART Schematic Illustration 15 5V UART pins 2 12 3V3 UART 3V3 UART can be used to interface 3V3 TTL modules to communicate with microcontroller Eg ZigBee BlueBee etc 3V3 UART Remove J3 amp J4 while using K17 as UART lllustration 16 3V3 UART Schematic Illustration 17 3V3 UART pins pe rnudoL BZ
30. that varies from PIC to PIC For 5V PICs this is always some amount above Vdd and can be as high as 13 5V The 3 3V only PICs like the 18F 24H and 33F series use a special signature to enter programming mode and Vpp is a digital signal that is either at ground or Vdd There is no one Vpp voltage that is within the valid Vpp range of all PICs In fact the minimum required Vpp level for some PICs can damage other PICs e Vdd This is the positive power input to the PIC Some programmers require this to be provided by the circuit circuit must be at least partially powered up some programmers expect to drive this line themselves and require the circuit to be off while others can be configured either way like the Microchip ICD2 The Embed Inc programmers expect to drive the Vdd line themselves and require the target circuit to be off during programming e Vss Negative power input to the PIC and the zero volts reference for the remaining signals Voltages of the other signals are implicitly with respect to Vss D ICSPCLK Clock line of the serial data interface This line swings from GND to Vdd and is always driven by the programmer Data is transferred on the falling edge D ICSPDAT Serial data line The serial interface is bi directional so this line can be driven by either the programmer or the PIC depending on the current operation In either case this line swings from GND to Vdd A bit is transferred on the falling edge of PGC Ill
31. ustration 24 ICSP Port and RJ 11 Port Schematic e rnudoL BZ PIC WE 10F8 A Illustration 24 ICSP Port on Development Board mini Illustration 25 Rj 11 Pinout 2 17 SERVO MOTOR INTERFACING A servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position velocity and acceleration It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback Servomotors are controlled by sending an electrical pulse of variable width or pulse width modulation PWM through the control wire There is a minimum pulse a maximum pulse and a repetition rate Here the control line is connected to the RE1 pin of the microcontroller The control signal can be created by using by timers with required duty cycle SERVO MOTOR SERVO GND Illustration 26 Servo motor Illustration 27 Servo motor connector Schematic rnudoLABZ PIC Wasa 10F8 A 2 18 PORT EXPANDER ADDITIONAL INPUT OUTPUT PORTS The PIC16F877A development board has all port pins available at direct port access connectors male amp female The connections are as given below GPIO Pins Near Bread Board GPIO Pins Near Controller Illustration 33 GPIO near breadboard Schematic Illustration 34 GPIO near controller Schematic Illustration 35 GPIO near breadboard Illustration 36 GPIO near controller A nudoL BZ PIC Yea 10F8 A SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 3 1 TOOLS AND SOFTWARE To
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