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Inflight Guide

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1. 92 SCANNING REDUCING THE EFFECTS OF FATIGUE 99 2 6 93 VISUAL SCANNING Deseret ebat nei 93 PROBABILITY OF DETECTION MISSION AND CUMULATIVE POD ettet 94 SECTION VII ADDITIONAL CAP MISSIONS 22222222220 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 J DISASTER RELIEF ettet itane t Rp taf ctae orae ette ftus co 96 aaa Ny EUM a zg rA iM Lic 96 RELOCATION MISSION Z t Na Cid fugit e o e EPA 97 CANINES SAR DOG COUNTERDRUG DOG TEAM RELOCATION 98 PHOTO MISSION SSTV TAKE HOME OR VIDEO ttt ttt ttt ttt ttes 99 SDIS PHOTO MISSION SATELLITE DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEM ttt ttti 101 HIGH BIRDS TASK UNG es tales oe uu M metere us e uu ath E De Jeli e 102 LOW LEVEL ROUTE SURVEY close dod TD Za eed tu tue UGS tore 102 CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL OR NUCLEAR EVENTS 102 CAP ROTC CADET ORIENTATION FLIGHT ttt 102 SECTION VIE GPS OPERATIONS 2 pe oco sapo oe po ra o 104 ecrit ter ss ditat hat aap E ELS ion ibant 104
2. DIRECTION OF AIRCRAFT TRAVEL N NE E SE S SW W NW DIRECTION OF PHOTO HEADING N NE E SE S SW W NW ALTITUDE AGL DISTANCE TO SITE NM MI MSL KM REMARKS PHOTO TIME 24HR 1 Z NUMBER AM PM DESCRIPTION COORDINATES LAT LONG NORTH 5 WEST DIRECTION OF AIRCRAFT TRAVEL N NE E SE S SW W NW DIRECTION OF PHOTO HEADING N NE E SE S SW W NW ALTITUDE AGL MSL DISTANCE TO SITE NM MI KM REMARKS CAP MAS FORM 143 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 ELT INFORMATION REQUIRED BY AFRCC Once an ELT has been located certain information needs to be collected Contact the Incident Commander with any of this information that you can gather He or she will also relay to you the appropriate action for silencing the ELT Date and time Zulu that you left on the sortie Date and time the ELT EPIRB was first heard Number of aircraft IC Number of sorties IC The time in the search area hours and tenths The time enroute hours and tenths Total flight hours Hobbs Number of CAP personnel IC Area s searched Actual location of the ELT EPIRB including lat long Date and time the ELT EPIRB was located Date and time the ELT EPIRB was silenced ELT EPIRB model manufacturer serial number and expiration date Position of ELT EPIRB switch ON ARMED or OFF Other useful informati
3. Is the disaster spreading toward emergency or disaster operating bases or indirectly threatening these areas For example is the only road leading to an isolated aid station about to be flooded Have utilities been affected by the emergency or disaster Look for effects on power transmission lines power generating stations or substations and water or sewage treatment facilities Can you see alternatives to problems Examples are alternate roads alternate areas to construct aid stations alternate landing zones and locations of areas and facilities unaffected by the emergency or disaster While it is difficult to assess many types of damage from the air CAP is well suited for preliminary damage assessment of large areas Generally you will be looking to find areas or structures with serious damage in order to direct emergency resources to these locations e It is very important to have local maps on which you can indicate damaged areas as it is difficult to record the boundaries of large areas using lat long coordinates CAP can quickly provide vital information on the status of 96 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 Transportation routes road and rail Critical facilities structures such as power stations hospitals fire stations airports water supplies dams and bridges Levees and other flood control structures The type and location of areas that have been damaged or isolated Concentrations of survivors people and ani
4. 1 Aircraft begins to circle over a point for as long as it takes the ground team to stop Generally starting out in a position ahead of the ground team will help get their attention 2 The ground team vehicle stops 3 The Aircraft can attempt 1 way communication with the ground team using its Little L Per as a radio receiver Using an aviation communications radio transmit on 121 775 121 6 122 9 123 1 MHz or whatever has been briefed Avoid using 121 5 MHz If the ground team is listening for the ELT on a particular frequency you can but should avoid transmit over it to get the ground team s attention 4 Ground team waves and flashes headlights repeatedly when the message has been received 5 If the message has not been received keep trying or proceed with no radio air to ground coordination as described in this section below 52 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 2 WAY AIR TO GROUND COMMUNICATION FAILURE AT NIGHT 1 Aircraft circles as in the day Ground team will stop and shut off headlights Aircrew will attempt to contact over Little L Per as described above Ground team flashes headlights repeatedly when the message has been received If the message has not been received keep trying or proceed with no radio air to ground coordination as described in this section below v pe If none of these procedures is effective and the action is necessary to save a life an aircrew can consider executing a message drop a
5. 4 Monitor Bearing amp Distance to fly to Waypoint Arriving on an Even Bearing eg 0904 the Wind 5 Begin Search at Waypoint 6 Fly Distance S or Time T Past Waypoi on same Heading 7 Turn Right deg and Fly Distance S nr Time on Hew Bearing eg 180 8 Turn Right 90 deg and Fly Distance 25 Time 2T on Hew Bearing eg 270 9 Repeat Steps 7 8 Increasing Distances or Times Appropriately to Complete Coverage Hote BearingsTO Waypoint at 3 Corners are on 45 deg Diagonals frorn Initial Heading eg 315 045 135 and Distances from Waypoint at Leg Perpendicular Bearings eg 090 are S times Rotation Hote Headings required to Bearings 106 Example Expanding Square Bearings TO Waypoint Shown 180 15 138 315 TH TXXYR H 1602 1 CreateUser Waypoint by Latitude amp Longitude at Distance 2 from Corner of Grid eg HW Corner 2 Press DTO and select User Waypoint to fly Direct 3 Press ENT and Monitor HAV Page 1 4 Monitor Bearing amp Distance to fly to Waypoint Arriving on a Bearing Equal to the Direction of First Leg eg 090 5 Begin Search at WaypointMonitor HAV Page 2 Latitude or Longitude to Maintai Bearing EW or H S 6 Fly Distance L or Time TL Past Waypoint on same Heading T At Distance 5 2 from Edge of Grid Turn Right 90 deg and Fly Distance S or Time TS on Hew Bearing eg 180 8 Turn Right 90 deg a
6. EMS standing by Ditching Controllability Check Night Electrical Failure g Emergency Procedure of the Day Brief your actions from memory for the even corresponding to the current day of the month 1 Abort Rejected Takeoff 17 Departing a Prepared Surface 2 Engine Failure After Takeoff 18 Inadvertent IMC 3 Fire During Start 19 Flaps Fail to Extend 4 Oil System Failure 20 Partial Loss of Engine Power in Flight 5 Electrical Fire During Flight 21 Engine Fire During Flight 6 Structural Icing in Flight 22 Fuel Leak 7 Elevator Failure 23 Throttle Failure 8 Precautionary Landing with Power 24 Ditching 9 Forced Landing 25 High Ammeter 10 Complete Electrical Failure Day 26 Complete Electrical Failure Night 11 Loss of Communications 27 Asymmetrical Flap Configuration 12 Airspeed Failure 28 Pitot Static Failure 119 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 13 Inadvertent Spin Recovery 29 Traffic Pattern Stall 14 Severe Porpoise on Landing 30 Brake Failure 15 Landing with Tire Blown or Flat 3 Ear Blockage Physiological Incident 16 Lost Procedures 7 Mission Communications a Communications plan and communications flimsy complete b Frequencies c Call signs d Recall codeword e Check in times backed up with a timer f Takeoff on station landing calls NOT TRANSMIT FIND UNTIL CREW CONSULTATION IS COMPLETE h Local law enforcement notification i Ensure radio check after engine start 8 Gen
7. INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 CREEPING LINE SEARCH MAJOR AXIS Used when the search area is narrow long and fairly level the probable location of the target is thought to be on either side of the track within two points and immediate coverage of the most probable area followed by rapid advancement of successive search legs along the track that is desired Fly the creeping line similar to the search but make the search legs back and forth across the major axis subject s intended route of flight EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH Used when the approximate position of the downed aircraft and or survivors is known Very precise pattern requires excellent navigation If a second pattern is flown fly at a 45 degree angle to first pattern Timing can be used to replace distance S for less accurate quick searches Example fly 1 minute for legs of 1S 2 minutes for 2S etc The most accurate use of this pattern requires GPS 3S 5S 28 4S 88 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTOR SEARCH S max The sector search is another visual search pattern that can be used after the approximate location of the target is known This pattern should be planned on the ground because it involves multiple headings and precise leg lengths The pilot will fly over the suspected location and out far enough to make a turn Fly a leg that is equal to the maximum track spacing then turn back to fly over the point again This pattern continues unti
8. Takeoff climb and departure per 1 H Enroute per 1 1 Approach descent and landing per 1 J rriving Back Home When parked complete appropriate steps per 2A Make sure you return or stow any borrowed equipment Remember that the mission isn t over until all crewmembers have arrived at their own homes safely Normally the pilot is responsible for calling mission base with the time Hobbs from the outbound CAPF 104 this should not be done until he or she knows that everyone is home safely Complete and mail the CAPF 108 as soon as possible You should brief your squadron on the lessons learned from the mission at the next opportunity This provides valuable information to your fellow aircrew members and is an excellent opportunity to get in some quality hangar talk GENERAL PREFLIGHT ACTIONS Weather Wind and NOTAMs PROCURE FAA Flight Plan FILE required for all CAP flights outside local area Navigation Charts Tools ENSURE POSESSION Aircrew Items MEDICAL PILOT CERTIFICATE PHOTO ID CAP Form 5 CAP Form 101 CAP Form 101CN I M S A F E Pilot Free Of I ILLNESS M MEDICATION S STRESS A ALCOHOL F FATIGUE E EMOTION EAT FOOD Ensure Aircraft Has Proper Documentation Airworthiness Certificate Registration Radio Station License is no longer required unless operating outside the USA Operating Manual Pilot s Operating Handbook POH or Approved F
9. when you ve successfully homed to an ELT unless you can accurately determine your position you ve STAT JN NE only succeeded in narrowing the general area for S NE have special certification Instrument flight imposes a higher workload on the crew and demands a higher level of training especially for the pilot As discussed earlier the ability to fly steep banked turns and other maneuvers without losing altitude is demanding for even the most proficient pilot Trying to conduct these maneuvers in darkness or while flying solely by referencing the flight instruments is not wise The pilot can easily get spatial disorientation and lose effective control of the aircraft If the search is conducted at night or in instrument conditions use DF homing and accurate navigational aids to avoid the vertigo inducing maneuvers required by other techniques Two instrument rated pilots may be required for this type of search See all Wing Region and National regulations for the most current information Two instrument rated mission pilots can lend an increased measure of redundancy and safety One must also consider the way you wish to file an IFR flight plan for such a search If you are under radar control you can be cleared back to your aerodrome via radar vectors or own navigation A better way would be to file for an area bounded by 2 VOR radials and 2 DMES off of the same navaid as in the diagram If nothing else you can request to be cleared
10. INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 USING THE KEN 89B FOR SAR 4 rne rentre nente oen redeo epe e P entente leet 105 GARMIN G1000 sic terree rrr PO ON O ERO EE o re ste n n ae eere rear e tet YN nete 108 ARNAV STAR 5000 GPS EROR HO nete eati ee toe eee rrt tee tee diee riiv ee epe ren 108 APOLLO GXS55 GPS POI P rte ede ede needed 108 LATITUDE LONGITUDE DECIMAL CONVERSION CHART coe een eene 111 SECTION IX CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2 2 2 21 seen sees sees sseseeseenseesseesseeseeses 112 PREVENTATIVE FATIGUE 5 112 OPERATIONAL FATIGUE 8 112 CREW RESOURCE MANAGEM ENT 00 mt t eee nete e P P ERN ER ei t LEA SEE ER ESEE Een 113 NUS MEER 113 SECTION X ADMINISTRATION od quee prd o vog i ped l d LE AIRCREW GUIDE RELEASE 114 BIBLIO GRA PAY 53 wy 115 APPENDIX A BRIEFING GUIDE L16 MISSION INFORMATION SHEET eee een 126 MISSION PILOT SEARCH AREA WORKSHEET eet ttt 127 HIGH BIRD WORKSHEET ettet ttt 127 HIGH BIRD TRANSMISSION LOG 129 OE 130 RID COORDINATE S A B C
11. MT 7 MAULE 2110 ROW BAGGAGE B PILOT EXITS FRONT LEFT DOOR IN MT 7 MAULE 32 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 CAUTION DO NOT RESET THE FLAPS IF SIGNIFICANT STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IS LOCATED IN THE WINGS The procedure below is for general information ONLY Always follow the aircraft s Pilot Operating Handbook or Approved flight manual l 2 Climb to at least 3000 5000 above the terrain if practical at a controllable airspeed Climb as high as reasonably possible Simulate a landing approach and determine the airspeed at which the aircraft becomes difficult to control approaching control limits or approaches a stall you have reached the minimum controllable airspeed Many pilots consider one half control deflection as the limit of controllability Slow the aircraft in a controlled manner 5 knot increments There is no need to slow below normal approach speed Once minimum controllable airspeed is determined do not change aircraft configuration such as flaps While actuating the controls determine the limits of travel and effectiveness by slowly moving the surfaces Do not abruptly jerk the controls through their full range of motion Plan to fly a straight in approach Fly the normal final approach airspeed for your flap setting or 5 to 10 knots above minimum controllable airspeed whichever is higher Plan to touch down at no less than minimum controllable airspeed Do not begin to reduce below final approach
12. Th Communications plan and communications flimsy complete Frequencies Call signs Recall codeword Check in times backed up with a timer Typically mission base will want a radio check in the chocks a wheels off call arrived on station call ops normal call at pre coordinated times a returning to base call and a wheels on call Often Observers use a timer to ensure the ops normal calls do not become overlooked Takeoff on station landing calls DO NOT TRANSMIT FIND UNTIL CREW CONSULTATION IS COMPLETE Discuss what you see on the ground and decide what you are going to transmit This prevents you from transmitting a message that you may not want the world to hear We just sighted the crash Stan and Dave are dead and it looks like there s about a quarter of a million dollars blowing around at coordinates Local law enforcement notification This is especially important if conducting electronic searches without Ground Team support If you are 100 miles from home at night and have located an ELT from the air you can often get local law enforcement to drive you to those coordinate and assist you in shutting it down Ensure radio check after engine start Make this with base and the ground team to ensure the radios work and everyone is one the correct frequency If you do it on the ground you can get it fixed or change the communications plan If you are in the air it could greatly reduce mission effectiveness 8 General
13. instead of ONE TWO EIGHT POINT ONE Ltr Morse AOVOZSrFACGC gt ALFA BRAVO CHARLIE DELTA ECHO FOXTROT GOLF HOTEL INDIA JULIET KILO LIMA MIKE OSCAR PAPA QUEBEC ROMEO PHONETIC ALPHABET Said Ltr Morse Phonetic AL FAH S SIERRA BRAH VOH T TANGO CHAR LEE U UNIFORM DELL TAH V VICTOR ECK OH WHISKEY FOKS TROT X X RAY GOLF Y YANKEE HOH TEL Z ZULU IN DEE AH 0 ZERO JEW LEE ETT 1 ONE KEY LOH 2 ee TWO LEE MAH 3 ve THREE MIKE 4 e FOUR NO VEM BER 50 FIVE OSS CAH 6 SIX PAH PAH To SEVEN KEH BECK 8 EIGHT ROW ME OH 9 NINER Said SEE AIR AH TANG GO YOU NEE FORM VIK TAH WISS KEY ECKS RAY YANG KEY ZOO LOO ZEE RO WUN TOO TREE FOW ER FIFE SIX SEV EN AIT NIN ER Like numbers the letters of the alphabet carry distinctive traits of pronunciation When it becomes necessary to spell difficult words groups of words or to identify any letter of the alphabet the standard phonetic alphabet is used The word to be spelled will be preceded by the words I spell If the operator can pronounce the word to be spelled do so before and after spelling the word 44 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 COMM PROWORD DEFINITIONS AFFIRMATIVE You are correct OR what you have transmitted is correct Yes ALL AFTER The portion of the message to which have reference is that portion which follows
14. medical certificate CAP membership card CAPF 101 CAPF 76 Complete mission kit gridded charts CAPFs 104 amp 108 CAPRs 55 1 amp 60 1 plotter flight computer local road maps current IFR VFR charts flashlights survival equipment gasoline credit cards etc File FAA flight plan to mission base Complete sign in and reporting procedures upon arrival at mission base Determine observers scanners that will be assigned to crew Complete CAPF 104 for inbound flight to mission base Complete as many items as possible on CAPF 104 for initial assignment and report to the Air Branch for assignment and briefing Complete planning for mission with entire crew Brief observers scanners on mission and aircraft Accomplish a thorough pre flight using the checklist provided in the Pilot s Operating Handbook as a minimum Calculate the aircraft weight and balance Check additional mission essential equipment CAP radios direction finding units video imaging units etc to ensure items are operating properly Fly the mission as briefed and planned Advise mission base of any problems delays etc per procedures indicated in briefing Return to mission base on time Report as a crew to the Air Branch for debriefing immediately upon return to mission base Applicable portions on reverse of CAPF 104 should be completed when reporting fro debriefing Report availability for additional assignments Complete refueling and prepar
15. warm and quiet Save the container to give the paramedics BURNS General burns can be life threatening Your first priority is keeping the airway open and air flowing in Treat victim for shock Call for advanced medical help right away if these conditions exist Thermal burns of skin flush right away with cool running water not icy for fifteen minutes If burn is first degree red or second degree blisters and less than 5 of the body cover with a dry sterile dressing If burn is third degree charred or is over 5 of the body treat victim for shock and send to hospital Chemical burns of skin flush immediately with copious amounts of cool water for at least 15 minutes Cover with sterile dressing and send victim for medical care Do not use any ointments or any medications Burns of the eye irrigate the eyes for at least 15 minutes with cool running water Patch the eye with the eyelid shut and send victim immediately to medical care Electrical burns Make sure the scene is safe Turn off electrical current before giving care Care for life threatening emergencies and call 911 Look for entrance and exit wounds You may need to start CPR if there is no pulse or give rescue breaths 36 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 FRACTURES SPRAINS DISLOCATIONS Symptoms pain or swelling in injury area deformities of the bone significant swelling discoloration of the skin due to internal bleeding If you suspect neck or spine trauma DO NOT MOVE v
16. 182 WEIGHT x ARM MOMENT WEIGHT amp BALANCE 1000 Basic Empty Weight Front Seats Rear Seats Baggage Area A C 182 max 2007 The maximum allowable combined weight capacity for baggage in areas A B and C is 200 Ibs Baggage Area B C 182 max 807 R 116 0 Baggage Area C C 182 max 807 The maximum allowable combined weight capacity 129 0 for baggage in areas B and C is 80 Ibs Fuel Gallons 6 0 GAL 46 5 pounds per Gallon TOTALS CG Maximum landing weight for a C 182 is 2950 3100 Max AIRPLANE C G LOCATION METERS AFT OF DATUM STA 0 0 B50 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 Bi HH HE in HE HH i EH ap HH mu DUI M n HD HE i n HERNAN aoi H HA tee HATH E FH FH EH Ee E i a H tn mus iti HE d Sanu KARA RH BEEN SER eee TT H HH 1250 uu A Gm etes m c ps HE HH i TAKEOFF AND LANDING H HEHH m TAKEOFF ONLY 950 8 LOADED AIRPLANE WEIGHT KILOGRAMS LOADED AIRPLANE WEIGHT POUNDS takeoff welght is more than lending welght of 2850 pounds allow flight time for fu burn off pounds before landing AIRPLANE LOCATIO
17. 47 Jr LI MODES INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 NAVI VORI RADIO NAV2 VOR2 RADIO MKR MARKER BEACON ICS ACTIVATES INTERCOM IN SPLIT MODES ADF ADF RADIO MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN ALL AIRCRAFT COM3 CAP RADIO DME DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT DME SPR CABIN SPEAKER NOT INSTALLED ON ALL CAP AIRCRAFT TRANSMITTER COMBINATIONS NORMAL SWAP MIC SELECT PILOT OBSERVER PILOT OBSERVER Com 1 Com 1 Com 1 Com 2 Com 2 Com 2 Com 2 Com 2 Com 1 Com 1 Com 3 Com 3 Com 3 No Swap No Swap Com 1 2 Com 1 Com 2 Com 2 Com 1 Com 1 3 Com 1 Com 3 Com 3 Com 1 Com 2 3 Com 2 Com 3 Com 3 Com 2 SPLIT MODES MAY RESULT IN AUDIO BLEED OVER BETWEEN FREQUENCIES yy MISSION SETTING Com 1 3 NOTE ENSURE TRANSMITTER SETTING IS AS REQUIRED BEFORE USING RADIO TRANSMIT INDICATOR SWAP ILLUMINATES WHEN SWAP SWITCH IS ACTIVATED 48 ILLUMINATES WHEN TRAMSMITTING ON RADIO INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 NAT NPX 138 VHF FM Radio NPX FM TRANSCEIVER 33 FIRE 1 WARNING Fur Hl Tones F 6 DISP CHAN BRIGHT OFF SQ 5 RX HELP NOTE VHF TRANSMISSIONS ON CAP FREQUENCIES MAY INTERFERE WITH SLOW SCAN DOWNLINK POWER UP MN ON SELF TEST NEXT SW TOGGLE LEFT RIGHT EDIT SW CENTERED DISP ID MODE DISPLAYS CH NUMBER amp TEST LABEL SCAN NORM GD
18. 7 36 28 36 0 43 0 53 Leg Lengths Track Spacing amp Example Headings Shown 110 18 33 27 33 0 48 0 58 120 2 0 30 25 30 0 52 0 64 5 5 Minutes of Long 40 deg or Lat 5 Required for 90 deg SR Tum L L L 5 j 0 065 pe Creeping Line Search Dir ction df Search 2 1 335 155 1 CreateUser Waypoint 74 for Beginning of Line S S 2 CreateUser Waypoint 2 for End of Line 3 Press and select Waynnint 24 to fly Direct 4 Press ENT and Monitor HAV Page 1 5 Monitor Bearing amp Distance to fly to Waypoint 74 Arriving on a Bearing Perpendicular to the Direction of Search eg 335 6 Begin Search at Waypoint 7 Fly Distance L 2 or Time TL 2 Past Waypoint on same Heading 8 Turn Right 90 deg and Fly Distance S or Time TS on Hew Bearing eg 065 9 Turn Right 90 deg and Fly Distance L or Time New Bearing eg 155 10 Turn Left 90 deg and Fly Distance S or Time TS on Hew Bearing eg 065 11 Turn Left 90 deg and Fly Distance L or Time Hew Bearing eg 335 12 Repeat Steps 8 11 to Complete Coverage Hote BearinqrO Waypoint 1 at Midpoint of Leg is 180 deg from Direction of Search eg 245 at Distance 5 times LZ Hote Headings required to fly Bearings Expanding Square Search 1 Create User Waypoint at Center of Square 2 Press DTO and select User Waypoint to fly Direct 3 Press ENT and Monitor HAV Page 1
19. ALTITUDE Feet AGL ELT RECEPTION DISTANCE 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 LO N LO LO CN t co N N DISTANCE Nautical Miles ALTITUDE DISTANCE ALTITUDE DISTANCE FT AGL NM FT AGL NM ELT RECEPTION DISTANCE GRAPH amp TABLE 70 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 OTHER METHODS OF LOCATING AN ELT All pilots know that machines fail When equipment fails to work properly the mission is not necessarily lost If you use some or all of the procedures below you can still competently locate an ELT These procedures are often described as being more of an art than of science but in truth they require practice to make them science The best ELT hunters locate them not only using the DF method that is listed in the previous pages but they also simultaneously integrate the other methods If you are turning the aircraft in response to another aircraft traffic and get an unexpected null in the ELT s audio what caused it The ELT strength increased for a while but is now decreasing It peaked at about that road back there Why The inquisitive mind will search out the answers to these questions and find the ELT most quickly WING NULL WING SHADOWING METHOD OF ELT LOCATION To properly use the Wing Shadowing method you MUST know where the antenna for the radio you are using is installed amp located on the aircraft Communications radio antennas are usually but not alwa
20. Broken Arm Helicopter Landing Spot Broken Back Need Cross Cut Saw Head Injury Need Power Saw Puncture Wound Need Climbers Unable to Diagnose NO Need Drinking Water Need Power Pump Outfit Need Radio with Batteries NI L xn Need Batteries for Radio 58 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SURFACE TO AIR VISUAL BODY SIGNALS NEED MEDICAL ASSISTANCE URGENT USED ONLY WHEN LIFE IS AT STAKE CAN PROCEED SHORTLY WAIT IF PRACTICAL LIE SUPINE TH NEED MECHANICAL HELP OR PARTS LONG DELAY WAVE ONE ARM OVERHEAD ATTEMPT TOLAND HERE ONE ARM HORIZONTAL LAND HERE BOTH ARMS HORIZONTAL c USE MESSAGE DROP BOTH ARMS WAVE ACROSS FACE OUR RECEIVER IS OPERATING BOTH ARMS FORWARD HORIZONTALLY SQUATTING AND POINTING IN DIRECTION OF LANDING NEGATIVE NO MAKE THROWING MOTION AFFIRMATIVE YES CUP HANDS OVERHEAD CLOTH WAVED HORIZONTALLY PICK US UP PLANE ABANDONED CLOTH WAVED VERTICALLY 59 BOTH ARMS VERTICAL INFLIGHT GUIDE PANEL PAULIN SIGNALS 20 JUN 2013 NOTE Survivors use life raft sails to convey signals but any square piece of cloth or canvas with each side of contrasting colors can be used COLOR KEY WHITE YELLOW BLUE ON LAND amp AT SEA PLANE FLYABLE NEED A ON LAND amp AT SEA NEED FIRST AID S
21. COMMUNICATION FAILURE AT NIGHT Aircraft circles as in the day Ground team will stop and shut off headlights Aircrew will attempt to contact over Little L Per as described above Ground team flashes headlights repeatedly when the message has been received If the message has not been received keep trying or proceed with no radio air to ground coordination as described in this section below Uie Us bao If none of these procedures is effective and the action is necessary to save a life an aircrew can consider executing a message drop airdrop Follow the direction of the aircraft turns at intersections Circling aircraft is directing ground team to proceed to that location Ground team can be directed to proceed independently if comm fails 12 Airdrop Procedures Only to prevent loss of life This procedure is spelled out in the flimsy because it is not normally trained This spells out the procedure and safety concerns and can be followed like a checklist in the aircraft The major goal of this is not to accurately drop a survival kit in a survivor s arms It is to avoid flying into terrain damaging the aircraft or experiencing a stall spin while executing the maneuver Sm w Prep airdrop kit or message drop Fly 800 foot traffic pattern over target complete rectangle Analyze hazards towers birds terrain Configure aircraft 80 knots or faster NEVER slower than approach speed for configuration Descend t
22. Michael R Moyer All rights reserved No copyright is claimed upon the work of others but in all cases the formatting and the work as a whole remains the copyright of the authors Please see the Emergency Services Resources website http www CAP ES net for additional license use and copying information This guide is not instructional or regulatory in nature Aircrews should be familiar enough with the various items within this guide to use it primarily for in flight reference All efforts were made to contact the sources for permission For corrections and comments please email Scott E Lanis at es_god hotmail com or Michael R Moyer at kywgdov insightbb com CAP Pamphlet 2 15 Oct 1991 Electronic Search CAP Regulation 60 1 CAP Manual 50 15 Emergency Services 15 April 1983 out of print CAP Observer Manual 8 August 1975 out of print CAP Guide for Air Crews in Search and Rescue CAP National HQ November 1968 out of print FAA Aeronautical Information Manual Federal Aviation Regulations Airborne Direction Finders for ELT Search by LtCol Tim Juhl MI WG Alternate Chief Check Pilot Cessna 150 AC 150M Checklist Aircrew Guide Dash 1 amp Upgrade Training materials furnished by the 94th Flying Training Squadron United States Air Force Academy USAFA CO 10 T 41C D Emergency Procedures Supplement 557th FTS USAFA CO 11 Flight Operations Operational Risk Management Great Lakes Liaison Region 12 Emergency Locator Tr
23. Mission Data Available on the Form 104 a b C Mission flow consulted See Mission Flow page 5 Mission number sortie length Intended search profile and type select one from below 9 Grid Search a b Review target information Search area Ingress egress altitudes This is important because you may not be aware that other aircraft have been assigned to intermediate grids If you fail to maintain your proper altitudes you can inadvertently fly through other search grids and risk mid air collision Search altitudes in AGL MSL Minimum Safe Altitude Emergency Safe Altitude Frequently pilot s use the altitude of the highest altitude depicted within the quadrant on the sectional That altitude may give you as little as 101 feet of clearance It is calculated by rounding the highest altitude to the nearest hundred feet and then adding a hundred feet Minimum altitudes are calculated differently on Instrument charts and approaches Search airspeed flap settings Some crews prefer to add 10 degrees of flaps to help lower the nose and improve forward visibility Track Spacing Search Area Diagram with Lat Long Determine if turns will be made to keep you within the designated grid or outside the designated grid Considerations include giving the crew a break on each pass versus deconfliction with other assigned grids Time to area on station return vs fuel available Proceed to air to ground portion if using ground support A
24. Officer 6 A B Include entire aircrew if space allows Show completed CAPF 104 and discuss Obtain briefing officer s signature Check in with Air Operations A B C D Mission pilot is informed of any changes chief or director reviews and signs the form and releases your flight Normally you leave the original with air ops and make a copy to take with you Aircraft and Mission commanders give final briefings and checks personal equipment and supplies Final restroom visit INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 7 Flight line A Show the CAPF 104 to the Flight line Supervisor final release B Preflight the aircraft per applicable steps of 1 F C Startup and taxi per 1 G D Takeoff climb and departure per 1 H 8 Fly Sortie A Transit to the Search Area 1 Relax sterile cockpit rules 2 Maintain situational awareness 3 Double check navigational settings to be used in the search area 4 Review search area terrain and obstacles 5 Update in flight weather and file PIREP 6 Review methods to reduce fatigue or combat high altitude effects during the search B Approaching the Search Area 1 Exterior lights on maximize your visibility so others can see and avoid 2 Review search objectives 3 Double check radio audio panel and navigational settings 4 Check navigational equipment against each other detect abnormalities or failures 5 Stabilize at search heading altitude and airspeed not lt Vx at least two miles out C Inth
25. SWITCH TO NORM GD1 GD2 SW GD2 LESS TRAFFIC CHAN SELECT AS REQUIRED MN KNOB ADJUST VOLUME SQ HELP PRESS TO CHECK SQUELCH GD MINIMUM GUARD CHANNEL OPERATION SCAN NORM GD GD GD1 CAP CHANNEL 1 DEFAULT SETTING GD2 AIR TO GROUND DEFAULT SETTING GD MINIMUM MN MINIMUM 49 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 TDFM 136 DIGITAL ANALOG VHF FM RADIO pon Technisonic pea TOMI 001 FORESTRY 0174 080Rn 601 COMMAND 0164 2500R NORMAL OPERATION OFF MAIN MAIN controls receive volume GUARD Volume adjust receive only SQUELCH Pushbutton MN GD GD Guard G1 G2 G1 Air to Ground G2 is Primary HI LO HI 10 watts LO is 1 watt Back Scroll memory down wraps around o Forward Scroll memory up wraps around N Display brighter 8 Display dimmer 5 Scan Scan lists if enabled set by comm officer If receive a message over Guard take MN GD toggle to GD reply and then back to MN to continue using the main frequency 50 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIRCRAFT CLOCK POSITONS 11 12 10 2 m T 1 3 4 8 7 5 6 Use to communicate positions relative to the aircraft Example pilot traffic right 2 o clock low no factor The pilot or other crewmembers would respond when they ha
26. The calculations are called approximate because the area of equal signal strength on which this procedure is based is seldom if ever circular Thus the perpendicular bisectors seldom intersect directly over the target However low altitude visual searches over the general area pinpointed with the aural search method compensate for the lack of exact target location 75 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 METERED SEARCH BUILD AND FADE METHOD 2 MAXIMUM s This search requires a signal strength meter like that on L Tronics DF units Even if the DF portion of the unit is inoperative you can still use this type of search as long as RECeive is ok DO NOT CHANGE the Sensitivity when performing this search or you will have to begin the procedure all over again 1 Note the signal strength when beginning the search 2 Fly a straight line until the signal gets higher then decreases to your original level 3 Turn 180 and return to the highest level of signal then turn 90 left or right 4 You should now be headed directly towards or away from the transmitter 5 Ifthe signal increases in strength you are headed directly at the ELT 6 Ifthe signal decreases in strength turn 180 76 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 This procedure may require several repetitions to get close to the ELT To employ the metered search method the observer uses a signal strength meter to monitor the ELT signal Once the aircraft enters the search area the
27. Turn IK to select Scale 15 Press GRD to View Grid Lines Sector Search 1 Press HAV Press DB 2 Turn OK to Create User Waypoint by Lat Lon Press ENTER 3 Turn OK and IK to create Hser Waypoint by Latitude amp Longitude 4 Press ENTER Press DIRECT TO 5 Turn OK and IK to select User Waypoint to fly Direct 6 Press ENTER 7 Press MAP Monitor Bearing amp Distance to fly to Waypoint on an Even Bearing eg 270 8 Begin Search at Distance S from Waypoint 3 Fly Distance S Past Waypoint on same Heading At Waypoint Passage Bearing will flip 180 deg eg 90 10 Turn Right 110 deg and Fly until Hew Bearing Old Bearing 45 deg eg 135 11 Turn Right 110 deg to New Bearing 12 Repeat Steps 8 11 to Complete Coverage Hote Headings required to fly Bearings 135 190 115 55 38 Sa 35 65 oa 8S 48 23 a 5 25 045 000 Gi Example Sector Search Bearings TO Waypoint on Spokes Interim Headings on Outer Segments Assumes All Right Tums Radius Distance A L X 110 1 Press MAP 2 Turn OK CCWx2 to SAR Map Page 3 Press PAT 4 Turn IK to Creeping Line 5 Press ENTER 6 Press SEL T Press ENTER 8 Turn OK and IK to select Waypoint 9 Press ENTER 10 Turn OK to Spacing 11 Turn IK to enter Track Spacing 12 Turn OK to Direction 13 Turn IK to enter Line Direc
28. airspeed until the aircraft is very close to the runway 33 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIRCREW SURVIVAL BASICS 1 PRE FLIGHT UNDERSTAND SURVIVAL BASICS Review military manuals FM21 76 AFP 36 2246 formerly AFP 64 5 literature amp obtain local area training shelter building fire starting compass training etc WEAR APPROPRIATE CLOTHING DRESS to EGRESS Don t leave gloves hats amp coats behind know weather forecast Consider weather conditions a day or two ahead High topped boots such as combat type minimize ankle and lower leg injuries both in a crash and when traveling on foot can not be avoided CHECK AIRCRAFT and PERSONAL SURVIVAL SUPPLIES BEFORE LEAVING HAVE A FLIGHT PLAN SO SOMEONE WILL KNOW IF YOU DO NOT RETURN ON TIME MAKE SURE COURSE AND DESTINATION IS KNOWN 2 IN FLIGHT EMERGENCY e ATTEMPT TO MAKE RADIO CONTACT Begin radio transmissions at highest possible elevation VHF range 5nm gnd 40nm g 1000 AGL 125nm 10 000 AGL If no answer on ATC channel use 121 5 Transmit MAYDAY distress or PAN PAN urgency if appropriate Know your location check GPS Set Transponder to 7700 Emergency 7600 Lost Communications or 7500 Hijack Use CAP VHF radio on channel 5 will key all repeaters Cell phones will also work but are better at lower elevations e PREPARE FOR HARD CRASH LANDING DON T PANIC Seat belts amp shoulder harness secure Doors unlatched and slightly open Secure any loose items that may b
29. and location of ground assets and how to contact them and when Ensure you have the operable equipment to accomplish the objective Briefing kit 1 CAPF 104 and current CAPR 60 1 2 Airport diagram taxi plan procedures emergency landing areas 3 Current and Gridded sectionals if gridded sectionals are not current mark Not for Navigation 4 Maps road atlas county maps topo maps Gazetteer 5 Checklists Aircrew Plans the Sortie Observer assists the Pilot while the Scanner listens may be briefed later 1 Consider Inbound Outbound headings and altitudes 2 Once you have planned the route and have a time estimate add some time to drop down and verify sightings normally 15 minutes to descend to 500 AGL circle and return to 1000 AGL 3 If flying grids and no aircraft will be in the adjacent grids plan your turns outside the grid for breaks 4 Once you have your estimated time enroute add in your fuel reserve CAPR 60 1 and determine if you ll need a refueling stop Complete the CAP Flight Plan CAPF 104 1 Ensure your Route of Flight clearly describes your intentions include any fuel or rest stops 2 Double check your estimated time enroute fuel reserve and estimated fuel burn 3 Write your CAP call sign on the front of the CAPF 104 aids air operations 4 Review your planning aids marked up charts and notes for accuracy and legibility 5 After reviewing the plan with the crew the pilot signs the form 5 Check in with Briefing
30. and may not be visible from the air The Four Winds Caused from mid air collisions explosion or in flight break up Wreckage components are broken up and scattered over a wide area along the flight path The impact areas are small but chances of sighting them are increased by the large number of them Extensive ground search is required to locate all components Hedge trimming Caused from an aircraft striking a high mountain ridge or obstruction and continuing on for a considerable distance before crashing Trees or the obstruction are slightly damaged or the ground on the crest is lightly scarred Some wreckage components may be dislodged usually landing gear external fuel tanks cockpit canopy or control surfaces The direction of flight from the hedge trimming will aid in further search for the main scene Splash Where an aircraft has gone down into water oil slicks foam and small bits of floating debris are apparent for a few hours after the impact With time the foam dissipates the oil slicks spread and streak and the debris become widely separated due to action of wind and currents Sometimes emergency life rafts are ejected but unless manned by survivors will drift very rapidly with the wind Oil slicks appear as smooth slightly discolored areas on the surface and are in evidence for several hours after a splash however they are also caused by ships pumping their bilges and by off shore oil wells or natural oil seepage Most a
31. drink 8 OZ CANDY HARD SURVIVAL 44 pcs 4EA TEA BAGS use to flavor treated water or as a hot drink 8 EA SUGAR use for flavoring 20 EA GUM CHEWING 2EA SNARE LINE WIRE 257 use for snaring per manual for wire replacement antenna etc 1EA KIT FISHING USAF read manual in kit also use for sewing and other repairs with needles and safety pins 1EA FOIL ALUMINUM HD 16 x 36 use to make pots and for food storage 3 PK TISSUE TOILET PAPER 2 EA GLOVES LATEX DISPOSABLE for protection with medical treatments 2EA LIPSTICK ANTICHAP use as a sunburn lotion or for cold weather protection 1EA KIT SNAKE BITE follow directions scalpel suction antiseptic amp tourniquet are in kit 1EA INSECT REPELLENT 1 oz use as necessary directions on container 1EA EYE PROTECTIVE CUP use to protect eye if a foreign object can not be removed 2EA POVIDONE IODINE 10 1 oz use as antiseptic rub on skin for insect bites 8 EA APPLICATORS COTTON TIP use to apply iodine clean wounds 2 EA AMMONIA INHALANTS 0 5ml use to revive persons passed out 20 ASPIRIN TABLET 325 mg for general pain relief 1 or 2 every 4 6 hours 10EA TYLENOL CAPSULE 500 mg for general pain relief I every 4 6 hours 10 COUGH COLD amp FLU TABLETS follow directions for use 10EA TOWELETTES BENZAIKONIUM antiseptic used for wound cleaning 10EA TOWELETTES ALCOHOL use as antiseptic for cleaning or fire starting 1EA TAPE SURGICAL 1 x 180 for sec
32. en Ee t dee o e E eR 49 TDFM 136 DIGITAL ANALOG eene nene nn nenne 50 AIRCRAFT CLOCK POSITONS 52 51 EO ad RE EPOR EEEE D Eten 51 AIR TO GROUND COORDINAT ION c neret ree eer i 52 AIR TO GROUND 2 WAY RADIO COMMUNICATION FAILURE IS mH eene 52 KEEPING UP WITH THE GROUND 53 TURNING THE GROUND TEAM 53 TURN THE GROUND TEAM oe oe get ce nto re Ie dnote Eb ete retten dede tr Pr AR 54 STOP ORDISMOUNTE ertet eher ree ee te NU tette 54 15 etre e P IR PERPE ee 55 AIR TO GROUND COORDINATION VEHICLE ESCORT LESSONS LEARNED eee nene 55 KEEPING UP WITH THE GROUND TEAM ALTERNATE 1 7T eee ee eene enne 56 iii INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIR TOG ROUND VISU ATs SIG NATS us donet tre CR ertet nb Date 57 SURFACE TO AIR VISUAL SIGNALS Ga ox thc aa bh aint A ree M Meu 58 SURFACE TO AIR VISUAL BODY SIGNALS GOA AREA ed tet aene te 59 PANELY PAULIN SIGNADSA on dte bd Meteo IR WP nena dM o mm 60 AIRDROP MESSAGE DROP a RO ais rn Da MEE M D tet Wha nays 61 SECTION V ELECTRONIC SEARCH c
33. gain access call your IC NOTE A crashed aircraft is under the authority of the National Transportation Safety Board NTSB and no one else Federal law permits the NTSB to request assistance from federal state and local agencies including CAP to secure a crash site Although not your responsibility owners may ask you whether or not they can fly with a deactivated or inoperative ELT the rules are found in FAR 91 207 An aircraft with an inoperable ELT can be ferried from a place where repairs or replacements cannot be made to a place where they can be made 91 207 3 2 An aircraft whose ELT has been temporarily removed for repair can be flown if aircraft records contain an entry concerning the removal a placard is placed in view of the pilot showing ELT not installed and the aircraft is not operated more than 90 days after the ELT was removed 91 207 f 10 81 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION VI VISUAL SEARCHES SEARCH PLANNING AND COVERAGE Maximum Area of Possibility or simply Possibility area This normally circular area is centered at the missing airplane s or search objective s last known position LKP corrected for the effect of wind The circle s radius represents the maximum distance a missing aircraft might have flown based on estimated fuel endurance time and corrected for the effects of the wind over that same amount of time The radius may also represent the maximum distance survivors might have traveled on f
34. mod sev including Winds lt 5 kts Winds gt 5 lt 15 kts Winds gt 15 kts winds aloft Visibility 2 6 mi Visibility 3 6 mi Visibility lt 3 mi Low flat Foothills featureless 25 NightOps VER 28 ADDITIONAL CIRCUMSTANCESBSUGGESTED VALUES 50 10 Watertemp OVERALL RISK ASSESSMENT Initials Date Time Taro OOO 7 _ Moderate Risk 76 750 001008166 1 High Risk gt i517 Wegpomosco Noco Mission can be rjecied by any rect pariipant aan eve I Notes Implement suitable controls for any item in the high range Approvals are granted in ascending order of command and only with PIC concurrence All approvals are optional based upon local procedures and established Wing policies CAP AIF ORM REV 00 AUG 09 LOCAL REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZED CIVIL AIR PATROL 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 INSTRUCTIONS Assign a value to each of the stated risk factors and place in the appropriate box on the right hand side of the page When all categories have a risk value assigned calculate total and place in the box labeled Total Calculated Risk Assessment Based upon your judgment and the values stated in the table labeled Overall Risk Assessment take whatever steps necessary to ei
35. most beneficial to survivors if you select a search altitude and track spacing that increases POD to the maximum consistent with the flight conditions team member experience levels time available and safety Meteorological visibility The maximum range at which large objects such as a mountain can be seen Search visibility The distance at which an object the size of an automobile on the ground can be seen and recognized from an aircraft in flight Search visibility is always less than meteorological visibility Scanning range Is the lateral distance from a scanner s search aircraft to an imaginary line on the ground parallel to the search aircraft s ground track Within the area formed by the ground track and scanning range the scanner is expected to have a good chance at spotting the search objective Ground track An imaginary line on the ground which is made by an aircraft s flight path over the ground Search track An imaginary swath across the surface or ground Its dimensions are formed by the scanning range and the length of the aircraft s ground track 82 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 POSSIBILITY PROBABILITY AND POSSIBILITY VS PROBABILITY MAXIMUM POSSIBILITY AREA PROBABILITY AREAS LAST KNOWN POSITION DESTINATION POSSIBILITY VERSUS PROBABILITY INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 CAP GRID SYSTEMS CONVENTIONAL GRID SYSTEM A also called the old grid system In the continental United States There are
36. observer plots two positions of equal meter strength For the example diagram above the numbers plotted along the search track are signal meter readings with the lower numbers representing the weaker signals and the higher numbers indicating the stronger signals 1 2 3 4 5 6 As the aircraft enters the search area lets assume the signal strength measures 2 or about two tenths of the meter as measured from the left Circle 1 on the diagram The observer records the signal strength and notes the search aircraft s position As the search aircraft continues the signal strength increases and then begins to diminish or weaken When the signal registers 2 again on the meter Circle 3 on the diagram the observer plots the midpoint between these two points The pilot makes a 180 degree turn and flies toward the midpoint Circle 2 on the diagram Upon reaching the midpoint the pilot makes a 90 degree turn to the right or left Circle 4 on the diagram If the signal strength begins to fade the search aircraft is heading in the wrong direction The pilot corrects the direction by making a 180 degree turn Circle 5 on the diagram This change in heading now carries the search aircraft toward the ELT signal Circle 6 on the diagram As the aircraft is flying on a heading toward the ELT signal the observer plots several high points meter reading After the signal decreases the pilot makes a 180 degree turn and descends to t
37. reference Section VII of this in flight guide HIGH BIRD TASKING To use a High Bird or another aircraft that is in radio communication with the party you need to contact such as mission base simply contact the High Bird or the non tasked aircraft and ask for a relay PMA7000MS AUDIO PANEL 47000 5 m kg Comite comte ENGINEERING Push Cres C Pun crew 3 INCORPORSTED NOTE COORDINATE RADIO AND INSTRUMENT OPERATION WITH PIC BEFORE FLIGHT VOLUME PUSH ON OFF CHECK FOR AT LEAST 1 LED UNLESS IN COM3 MODE HIGH LOW TEST SWITCH TEST CHECK FOR ILLUMINATION OF O INDICATORS ADJUST SENSITIVITY IF AUDIO IN USE SET AS REQUIRED INTERCOM MODE M I ISO ALL CREW TOGGLE SW INTERCOM MODES MODE PILOT OBSERVER SCANNER COMMENTS HEARS HEARS HEARS A C RADIOS OBSERVER OBSERVER ISO PILOT amp SCANNER amp SCANNER ISOLATES PILOT SIDETONE INTERCOM INTERCOM PILOT OBSERVER SCANNER ALL HEAR RADIOS ALL OBSERVER PILOT PILOT AND CAN SCANNER SCANNER OBSERVER COMMUNICATE A C RADIO A C RADIO A C RADIO ON THE INTERCOM PILOT OBSERVER CREW OBSERVER PILOT SCANNER S ISOLATES A C RADIO A C RADIO SCANNER S SWAP SW SWAP PILOT AND OBSERVER RADIOS LOCATED ON INSTRUMENT PANEL SWAP INDICATOR ILLUMINATES AUDIO SELECTOR SWITCHES SET AS REQUIRED SEE BELOW COMI VHFI COM2 VHF2
38. route that have been closed When towers are removed they often are not reported to proper authorities and should also be surveyed GPS is essential for accurate navigation and reporting of new obstructions The best accuracy possible should be used when reporting a new tower Use your best judgment when estimating a tower s height This 1s also essential information The military agency requesting the survey may also ask for photographs digital or conventional of certain points along the route The best way to accomplish this is to have a military member who is familiar with flying the route fly with you as you survey it CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL OR NUCLEAR EVENTS These types of missions are Wing Specific Pocket guides covering these events may be obtained on the VA website http www cqp med va gov cpq cpg htm or from the DOD site http www cs amedd army mil qmo ROTC CADET ORIENTATION FLIGHT Orientation flights should be a good time for all Proper planning helps this occur Reference all appropriate publications and the current ride syllabus Additionally there are multi page thorough guides for orientation flights In short however here are just a few notes to consider 1 Ensure all cadets have complete uniforms and ID or application stamped by National HQ All CAP cadets under age 18 Review night and weather prohibitions Brief emergencies and ground egress Discuss airsickness and airsickness management
39. the target You may need to over fly the target first for positive identification Assume the photographer is in the right front seat The first step is to take an identification photo usually one mile south of the target from an altitude of 1000 AGL The photographer will begin shooting as soon as the aircraft is established on this easterly route If another pass is needed the pilot will circle around to repeat the route Next the pilot will turn toward the target descend to 500 AGL and establish a 1 2 nm circuit around the target The photographer will be taking shots at the cardinal points of the circle or continuously if using video 99 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 This circuit may be enlarged to fit the target area or if it is important to identify entrance and egress routes near the disaster area During Slow Scan sorties it may be necessary to climb to a higher altitude to transmit each image NOTE Never hesitate to make another pass or move to a better position 1f necessary to ensure the success of the sortie Film especially digital is cheap and flight time is expensive it is better to make another pass or reposition the aircraft at the scene than it is to send another aircraft back to repeat the mission Pass for Photo Video 08700 AGL exi 5 1 4 e e gu VC MN Pass for xn 2 Target ID imie gt a 91000 o MSL 1000 AGL Video gt Texas Wing Civil Ai
40. to determine approach and landing speeds While actuating the controls determine the limits of travel and effectiveness by slowly moving the surfaces Do not abruptly jerk the controls through their full range of motion f En Route Emergencies l 2 Recite Engine Failure at Altitude procedures Brief crews to unlatch doors prior to touchdown Follow POH guidance but be aware that EMS personnel will be unable to unlatch most Cessna aircraft externally if they are latched from inside Physiological Incident Have medical personnel EMS standing Physiological incidents will typically involve sinus clearing problems Climb until the pair goes away and attempt to clear and hydrate then begin a shallow decent until the pair returns Continue to attempt to valsalva If you have a nasal vasoconstrictor available Afrin then apply several blasts and descend Have EMS waiting at the airport Limit the use of vasoconstrictors because they are physiologically addictive and repeated use will require greater doses for the same results until tissue removal becomes necessary Ditching Controllability Check 21 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 O JOU gt NM 6 Night Electrical Failure 7f flying at night be aware of the following complications You will not have outside lighting so other aircraft will not see you You will not have interior lighting but you can direct the Observer to illuminate the airspeed or altimeter wi
41. turn the ELT is within the box you have just flown and the transmitter s position is verified If the needle swings outside the turn the ELT is outside of your box and not at the originally suspected location This is the basic principle of the collapsing box As you get closer to the ELT s location fly a smalls box or perhaps even a turn around a point focusing on a specific building or geographic reference to pinpoint and confirm the exact location Crews may use the collapsing box as a search pattern when initial electronic search procedures fail when equipment is degraded or when a methodical search pattern is needed to maintain situational awareness The collapsing box method can be used in conjunction with aural and or metered search methods Typically aircrews will use standard electronic search procedures If target coordinates are identified but an aircraft or crash site is not visually sighted the aircraft will verify the ELT s location by flying a square pattern on cardinal headings N S E W to effectively confine the ELT While flying the box pattern around the suspected coordinates the crew must verify that the needle continues to point to the inside of the turn The aircrew can use this in conjunction with a descent to help pinpoint the ELT s exact location While flying in adverse weather or night the collapsing box becomes a more valuable tool The aircraft can be flown on cardinal headings at the observer s direction w
42. two grid systems in use The Conventional System is still most often used in SAR and is well understood by AFRCC This old system involves subdividing a sectional chart into 15 minute by 15 minute grids then numbering them from left to right and then down Northwest corner Eastward South one grid then beginning again on the West border just as your would read a book You generally will need a gridded sectional or other map determine the location of a particular numbered grid Grids are further subdivided into 7 5 x 7 5 sections using the left right A B C D as pictured here This subdivision is critical to the new CAP grid system Example of old grid system MEM 353 is grid 353 on the Memphis Tennessee sectional It is bordered by 32 45 N amp 33 North latitude and by 90 45 amp 91 West longitude CELL GRID SYSTEM also called new or standardized grid The new grid system is considerably simpler and requires considerably less preparation than the old system It is used more often by CN personnel than in SAR First a 1 by 1 block is described by giving the latitude and longitude in degrees only of the South East lower right corner of the block The block is subdivided into four 30 by 30 blocks lettered A B C D similar to the conventional system This 30x30 is again subdivided into four more blocks also lettered in the same fashion For example the upper left hand Northwest co
43. where you think you ll need to fly A good suggestion is to draw a diagram in the aircraft to ensure you stay in your allotted airspace Approval for a block altitude of 1 000 feet or more may also help you get your mission accomplished It is wise to practice such searches in VFR conditions so you can get used to the necessary procedures An IFR certified and current GPS may also be of high utility in such situations provided the user is very familiar with operation of that particular model of GPS G1000 equipped aircraft would be particularly well suited to conducting an IFR ELT search Ensure you are familiar with the mark position feature on your GPS Once you locate your target you will need this to relay 78 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 COLLAPSING BOX ELECTRONIC SEARCH The collapsing box simply put is flying a continually smaller rectangular pattern with the DF needle pointed to the left or right It allows for rapidly narrowing search area once the general locality of the ELT has been found The collapsing box can be flown for at least three applications 1 To verify the location of an ELT after its suspected location has been identified 2 An alternate direction finding pattern if initial electronic search patterns fail 3 For use in adverse weather in conjunction with IFR search procedures or at night Fly a rectangular or boxed shaped pattern around suspected ELT location If the DF needle stays pointing to the inside of the
44. 013 FIRST AID ESSENTIALS The following steps are general guidelines for First Aid Depending upon the situation particularly a Survival Situation some of the steps will need to be modified Use your judgment to your level of training First aid is not an exact science It is the immediate care following any kind of medical emergency If you believe the illness injury is life threatening IMMEDIATELY call 911 You must not delay in seeking advanced life support When you have to support the victim until help arrives follow these basic rules POSITION OF THE VICTIM If there is a suspected head neck or back injury and there is a clear open airway do not move the victim unnecessarily If the victim is breathing and unconscious or if you are alone and must seek help place the victim on his her side maintaining in line stabilization Rotate the victim to the other side after 30 minutes AIRWAY If a person stops breathing for whatever reason he she must get oxygen into the lungs within four minutes to avoid permanent brain damage If the person has not had a trauma such as a fall or a car accident begin by opening the airway by lifting the chin and tilting the head back Give two full rescue breaths according to the size of the victim Use a breathing barrier such as a face shield or a resuscitation mask whenever possible Do not delay if a barrier is not available If the victim is a child between the ages of 1 and 8 give two smaller breaths If
45. 1 3 Scale 7 Turn Dial Light On to Ensure Operation 8 Turn Sensitivity to Minimum Full Counterclockwise 9 Sound Should Decrease 10 Strength Meter Should Move to Left Edge 11 Turn Unit to DF Mode 12 Needle Should Center 13 Turn Sensitivity to Maximum Again 14 DF Needle Should Wander Slightly 15 Turn to Alarm Mode 16 Alarm Light Should Flash 17 Light then Goes Out and Audio Ceases SETTINGS FOR FLIGHT SINGLE METER MODELS MISSIONS 1 Select 121 5 or 121 775 for training missions 2 Select DF Mode 3 Turn Sensitivity to Maximum Full Clockwise 4 Turn Volume to About Mid Scale 5 DF Needle Will Move Slightly Left and Right NON MISSION FLIGHTS 1 Select 121 5 2 Select Alarm Mode 3 Turn Sensitivity To Maximum NEVER FLY A MISSION WITH THE DF IN THE ALARM MODE 62 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 L TRONICS AIR DF DUAL METER MODELS ALARM STRENGTH SENS VOL DF Eng tt MMM DMI UN y VHF D L Tronics L TRONICS DF PREFLIGHT FUNCTIONAL CHECK DUAL METER MODELS 1 Select 121 5 2 Alarm Toggle Off 3 Sensitivity Maximum Full Clockwise 4 Turn Avionics Master On Aircraft Power to Unit 5 Turn Volume Up Until Hissing Sound Is Heard Check Annunciator Panel 6 Strength Meter Should Read About 1 3 Scale 7 DF Meter Centers 8 Turn Dial Light On to Ensure Operation 9 Turn Sensitivity to Minimum Full Counterclockwise 10 Sound Should Decrease 11 Strength Meter Should Move to Left Edg
46. 5 MHz on the second radio but can be especially embarrassing and interfering if you have a stuck mike on that frequency EMERGENCY GROUND EGRESS Pilot commands EGRESS EGRESS EGRESS and shuts down aircraft Crewmembers remove headsets Pilot opens left door allowing the scanner to exit out left side Observer retrieves fire extinguisher if required Observer opens right door and pilot follows the observer out right side of aircraft Crew proceeds to wingtip to avoid propeller and meets at a spot 300 feet off the nose of the aircraft upwind of any smoke 7 All crewmembers should be wary of responding Crash Fire Rescue CFR amp Emergency Medical Services EMS vehicles nod pars 31 WARNING PURNO OvERVM Kd bs EE 4745 gt DEPLOY INFRERSGNAE FLOTATION DEVICES UNTIL CLEAR OF AIRCRAFT 20 JUN 2013 PILOT ADJUSTS SEAT ALL THE WAY FORWARD amp OPENS LEFT DOOR OBSERVER ADJUSTS SEAT ALL THE WAY TO THE REAR amp RETRIEVES FIRE EXTINGUISHER SCANNER SECURES SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT RAFT FROM BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT PILOT AND 205344954 EXIT THROUGH RIGHT DOOR EXITS FRONT LEFT DOOR IN MT 7 MAULE SCANNER EXITS THROUGH LEFT DOOR REAR RIGHT DOOR IN MT 7 MAULE lt lt DEPLOYS RAFT IF OVERWATER gt gt CREW CREW PROCEEDS TO WINGTIP TO AVOID PROPELLER CREW THEN MEETS AT A SPOT 300 FEET OFF THE NOSE OF THE AIRCRAFT UPWIND OF ANY SMOKE OR ON RAFT IF OVERWATER SCANNER EXITS REAR RIGHT DOOR
47. ALL BEFORE The portion of the message to which have reference is that portion which precedes ANSWER AFTER The station called is to answer after call sign when answering ASSUME CONTROL You will assume control of this net until further notice BREAK hereby indicate the separation of the text from all other portions of this message CLOSE DOWN Stations are to close down when indicated Acknowledgements are required CORRECT You are correct That is correct CORRECTION An error has been made in this transmission Transmission will continue with the last word correctly transmitted DISREGARD THIS This transmission is in error Disregard it This proword will not be used to cancel a TRANSMISSION message that has been transmitted and receipted for by the receiving station OUT DO NOT ANSWER Stations called are not to answer this call receipt for this message or otherwise transmit in connection with this transmission The proword OUT will end the transmission DO NOT TRANSMIT Stations called will not answer this call receipt for this message or otherwise regarding this transmission When this proword is used the transmission will always end with the proword OUT peur RM addressees immediately following are exempted from the collective call The addressees following are exempt from receiving this message FIGURES A group of one or more characters the first of which is a numeral follows FLASH This message has a precedence of FLA
48. AMSAR Manual especially where it applies specifically to the U S The IAMSAR Manual and NSS together are the primary references regarding implementation of the NSP The NSS does not contain policies procedures etc specific to a single federal agency The IAMSAR Manual Defines Rescue as An operation to retrieve persons in distress provide for their initial medical or other needs and deliver them to a place of safety During actual search and rescue missions it is recommended that the following prefix call signs be used before the ordinary radio call sign or as a specific mission call sign RESCUE for all airborne units involved in a rescue Mission The recommended CAP call sign in actual SAR activities would be RESCUE CAP xxxx 42 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 UNCLASSIFIED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY when filled in NATIONAL STANDARD CHANNELIZATION PLAN CAP Frequencies are controlled information In order to allow this guide to be published in open sources the actual CAP frequencies have been removed Refer to CAPR 100 1 Volume 1 and write in the information if desired The national standard channelization plan as mandated in corporate radios is as follows Channel Frequency Type Tone Code Use CHANNEL 1 MHz Simplex Hz CC 1 CHANNEL 2 MHz Simplex Hz CC 2 CHANNEL 3 MHz Simplex Hz Air 1 CHANNEL 4 MHz Simplex Hz Air 2 UNCLASSIFIED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Frequency information contained i
49. AR 5000 GPS This GPS is still in use in some CAP aircraft Use present position latitude longitude for SAR operations See page 6 5 of the manual to add a waypoint APOLLO GX55 GPS APOLLO Gx5 NW 7 wo S GX55 has several useful SAR functions built into it These can be learned through use of the owner s manual The quick reference below should also be helpful The manual and a simulator are available online These items are highly recommended for learning the GPS Operation of similar models e g the GX60 is very much the same 108 SAR Setup Basic Press MAP Turn OK CCW to Map Setup Press SEL Press RTE to select Yes Press ORI to select North Press REFto select Plane Press ENTER Turn IK CCW to SAR Position Page Press SEL 0 Press LAT 1 Turn IK to 30 SE corner of nearest 10 deg Grid for Base Latitude 2 Press LOH 3 Turn IK to 80 SE corner of nearest 10 deg Grid for Base Longitude 4 Press ENTER Turn IK CCW to SAR Map Setup Page Press SEL Press SAR to selectOn Press GRD to select Basic Press POS Iurn IK to select Nvv Press ENTER gt w w Gu w Parallel Line Search Basic Press MAP Turn OK CCWx2 to SAR Map Press PAT Turn IK to Parallel Line Press ENTER Press SEL Current Grid Displayed Turn OK and to change degrees H amp W of Base to SE corner of
50. ATION FAA USE ONLY PILOT BRIEFING VNR STOPOVER FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION FLIGHT PLAN 1 TYPE 2 AIRCRAFT 3 AIRCRAFT TYPE 4 TRUE 5 DEPARTURE POINT 6 DEPARTURE TIME 7 CRUISING IDENTIFICATION SPECIAL EQUIPMENT AIRSPEED ALTITUDE VFR PROPOSED Z ACTUAL Z IFR DVFR 8 ROUTE OF FLIGHT 9 DESTINATION Name of airport 10 EST TIME ENROUTE 11 REMARKS and city HOURS MINUTES 12 FUEL ON BOARD 13 ALTERNATE AIRPORT S 14 PILOT S NAME ADDRESS amp TELEPHONE NUMBER amp AIRCRAFT HOME BASE 15 NUMBER ABOARD HOURS MINUTES 17 DESTINATION CONTACT TELEPHONE OPTIONAL 16 COLOR OF AIRCRAFT CIVIL AIRCRAFT PILOTS FAR Part 91 requires you to file an IFR flight plan to operate under instrument flight rules in controlled airspace Failure to file could result in a civil penalty not to exceed 1 000 for each violation Section 901 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 as amended Filing of a VFR flight plan is recommended as good operating practice See also Part 99 for requirements concerning DVFR flight plans FAA Form 7233 1 8 82 CLOSE VFR FLIGHT PLAN WITH FSS ON ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT SUFFIXES EJ o DME No transponder DME Transponder with no Mode C Ed o DME Transponder with no Mode C IDME Transponder with Mode C n o DME Transponder with Mode C G Global Positioning System GPS Global Navigation Satellite System GNS
51. Circular motion of right hand Raise arm with fist clenched horizontally in front of body and then extend fingers RELEASE BRAKE Jh S C Thumb Up Thumb Down OK OR YES NOT OK or NO Arms extended with forearm perpendicular to ground Palms facing body HOT BRAKES Arms extended with forearm perpendicular to ground Palms facing body Gesture indicates right side HOT BRAKES RIGHT 16 Arms a little aside palms facing backwards and repeatedly moved upward and backward from shoulder height MOVE AHEAD O Arms extended with forearm perpendicular to ground Palms facing body Gesture indicates left side HOT BRAKES LEFT 20 JUN 2013 Arms above head in vertical position with palms facing inward THIS MARSHALLER O Arms down with palms toward ground then moved up and down several times SLOW DOWN gt Waving arms overhead EMERGENCY STOP INFLIGHT GUIDE Right or left arm down other arm moved across the body and extended to indicate direction of next marshaller PROCEED TO NEXT MARSHALLER Make a chopping motion with one hand slicing into the flat and open palm of the other hand Number of fingers extended on left hand indicates affected engine FEATHER FUEL SHUT OFF 4 Inward motion with thumbs INSERT CHOCKS Point right arm downward left arm repeatedly moved upward backward Speed of arm movement indicating rate of turn TURN TO THE
52. D 5i tmd etat esc ope G 131 QUARTER GRID COORDINATES A ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt toot 132 QUARTER GRID COORDINATES B ett ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttti 133 QUARTER GRID COORDINATES C sett ttt ttt ttt ttt 134 QUARTER GRID COORDINATES D ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt 135 ROUTE COORDINATES ctore aer ty e EHE Or Ue ROK 136 CREEPING LINE COORDINATES eee aaa 137 EXPANDING SQUARE COORDINATES 2222 2 2 2 2 2 0 20 012000100180 000 138 OBSERVER LOG 55 22 4 ie caches LR R EE 138 SCANNER SEARCH AREA WORKSHEET ttt ttt ttt ttt 140 OBSERVER SCANNER SEARCH AREA 1 142 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA SHEET ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt 143 ELT INFORMATION REQUIRED BY AFRCC ett ttt ttt ttt ttt 144 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 This page intentionally left blank vi INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION II PREFLIGHT PLANNING MISSION CHECKLIST 1 Leaving Home for Mission Base A Proper uniforms CAPM 39 1 and credentials 1 CAP Membership 2 CAP Motor Vehicle Operator 3 ROA 4 101 101T SQTR note experience and tasks to be accomplishe
53. F 517 The Becker unit does not seem to be as sensitive as the L Tronics DF Because it uses averaging functions it will not instantaneously point to an ELT like the L Tronics unit will The displays on the Becker lead you to believe that it is a pseudo RMI or ADF type pointer This is not the case Even when the complete circle page 1 is displayed the arrow only indicates left or right NOT how much such as an ADF The same is true for the pie display page 2 If you look at the black circle or marble it does always point to the ELT The clear marbles display the limit of where the unit first and last receives the signal the black marble is the overall average You can narrow down a search area by doing a turn around a point If the unit continuously displays 7090 in a right turn or lt 270 lt in a left turn then the point you are flying around contains the ELT If you do not have an operable training beacon to practice with pick your favorite AWOS ASOS or other continuously transmitting source If you tune it in see manual training mode only you can DF it A caution with this method however is that an AWOS transmits at least 250 times the power level of an ELT This makes DFing an AWOS much easier than an ELT Note that the frequencies displayed use a comma instead of a decimal point This is because the unit is European Be careful with the unit as it costs roughly 10 000 U S but it is fairly hardy MAKE SURE THE UN
54. FAA taxi procedures IAW FAA Otrder JO 7110 65 Air Traffic Control Paragraph 3 7 2 as amended p42 Added use of RESCUE prefix for actual SAR per US supplement p82 Updated definitions amp eliminated redundancy p87 Changed mathematical constant so the result is in NM not feet Change 11 20 June 2013 p41 Changed language to incorporate new INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION I TABLE OF CONTENTS LOG OE WRITE IN CHANGES tecti er e aee e Eee saves terr eee e ee ye ed terim tenet edet ii SUMMARY OF CHANGES cz zk mee A y tete br Y E ATE AVE ORELE TE ii SECTION T TABLE OF CONTENTS wcale aib dac ccc SECTION IE PREFLIGHT PLANNING seeseesesseseesessescesoeseesescesoreorsescesoeseecescesereorseecesoesereesoesereorseecesorsereoseesee 2 MISSION CHECKLIST rer eere ete ate ee er E D eee NERA ott ERN RR EAA As Erga RE an esie denn 2 GENERAL PREFLIGHT ACTIONS eere trn er emen err eene Ere ke ve pera then a e peo nen 6 DOCUMENTS AND MINIMUM 7 CROSS WIND COMPONENT DATA a o ep Preterea etra 8 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PEANNING retra pee ee annes ep eto priest 9 AIRCREW OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT eene eene 12 FAA FLIGHE PLAN reete terere er ren e pv ere e ere ee e e e PEU ERE te renes 14 AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT SUFEIXES rrr retener O tex
55. HUMB IF UNSURE WHETHER ELT IS IN FRONT OF OR BEHIND ACFT TURN LEFT OR RIGHT IF NEEDLE MOVES OPPOSITE OF TURN ELT IS IN FRONT OF ACFT IF NEEDLE MOVES IN DIRECTION OF TURN ELT IS BEHIND ACFT RESOLVING DF AMBIGUITY ARE YOU FLYING TOWARD OR AWAY FROM AN ELT NEEDLE MOVES NEEDLE MOVES LEFT RIGHT ACFT TURNS ELT TO FRONT ELT TO REAR RIGHT FOLLOW NEEDLE i ACFT TURNS ELT TO FRONT ELT TO REAR LEFT d FOLLOW NEEDLE CONE OF SILENCE AUDIO SIGNAL MAY DISPPEAR OR WEAKEN WHEN ACFT IS DIRECTLY OVER ELT 67 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BECKER SAR DF 517 OPERATION POWER Press the ON OFF button unit should power up and illuminate MODE Using the PAGE knob select EMERGENCY for an actual SAR or SAR DF 547 TRAINING for a training mission this can only be changed on power up EMERGENCY nom PAGE PAUSE for the EMERGENCY or TRAINING mode to take effect PERS gim then use the PAGE knob to cycle to desired page Page 1 gives an easy to read ADF style display while Page 3 is most easily read by the entire crew po U gt 3584 TRAINING VET e Zt feo FREQ 1 360 DEGREE VIEW PAGE 2 90 DEGREE VIEW PAGE 3 DIGITAL READING TUNE The lower right knob adjusts the frequency You will probably want 121 500 for an actual SAR or 121 775 for training You can alternately u
56. IDS IDENTIFIER FREQUENCY RADIAL Date Sectional Grid Entry Point W Exit Point NL W NAVIGATIONAL AIDS IDENTIFIER FREQUENCY RADIAL LG NI VEA SRI AG Date Sectional Grid Entry Point IN LL W Exit Point N W NAVIGATIONAL AIDS IDENTIFIER FREQUENCY RADIAL UCI SSR RT HEPES LL Date Sectional Grid Entry Point W Exit Point Loo W NAVIGATIONAL AIDS IDENTIFIER FREQUENCY RADIA Sectional Entry Point Exit Point INDICES CUTE Date W W W NAVIGATIONAL AIDS IDENTIFIER FREQUENCY RADIAL Nel VC VC pM IY Lek Te ROOT I Date Sectional LLL Crid ft Entry Point N W Exit Point N W NAVIGATIONAL AIDS IDENTIFIER FREQUENCY RADIAL cH IUII IY KK RRA I AED VENER SD Date Sectional CGC ft Entry Point NZL W Exit Point W NAVIGATIONAL AIDS IDENTIFIER FREQUENCY RADIAL uonpaz25qQ suyod 4394 paad 24nundoq png 22429540 IeAJesqO cain UUL ums 20 JUN 2013 Distance SCANNER SEARCH AREA WORKSHEET Description Date __ NEN Direction MISSION 11 12 1 SORTIE Engine START TIME Z Engine STOP TIME _ Z Wheels UP TIME 22000004 Wheels DOWN TIME _ Zo Starting Distances at Search Altitude Ending HobbsT AGL Angle Dis
57. INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 OPERATIONAL MISSION INFLIGHT GUIDE NATIONAL EMERGENCY SERVICES ACADEMY MISSION AIRCREW SCHOOL INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 LOG OF WRITE IN CHANGES CHANGE INCORPORATED DATE Change 3 Nov 2006 Change 4 1 May 2007 Change 5 14 July 2007 Change 6 1 Jan 2008 Change 7 25 July 2008 Change 8 06 July 2009 Change 9 30 April 2010 Change 10 04 April 2011 Through Change 11 20 June 2013 SUMMARY OF CHANGES Change 1 1 APR 2006 Page numbering fixed in leading pages p27 changed spelling to emergency p78 fixed maximum signal diagram p78 spatial disorientation mark position 2 instrument rated pilots p7 widened text box p13 stretched flight plan p44 removed FOUO information added document labeling p47 added High Bird information to communications p76 p92 p98 spacing Change 2 1 SEP 2006 Updated all prowords to comply with current guidance Changed references to relocation wherever applicable p69 fixed frequency p44 added all FSS phone numbers added AFRCC Tyndall removed hijack squawk p13 added reference to p44 FSS phone numbers p19 fixed high above the horizon p66 fixed reference line direction p45 zulu spelling p43 changed communications example p73 added general rules of thumb for antennas above below the wings p8 changed generic weight amp balance worksheet to inc
58. IT IS OFF 68 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 DURING ENGINE START SHUTDOWN Some installations have the DF independent of the avionics master and the unit is sensitive to surges from start shutdown Advanced tasks such as changing training frequencies or the brightness level of the illumination see the SAR DF 517 manual which is available for download at http www beckerusa com Becker SAR DF 517 Frequencies Emergency Mode Training Mode Range not adjustable user adjustable CAP preferred indicated 156 800 156 000 157 975 no CAP training freq 121 500 118 000 123 975 121 775 243 000 240 000 245 975 no official freq 243 550 will work close range 406 025 400 000 409 975 no CAP training freq TRANSMITTER 2 TRANSMITTER 1 5 a 227 kt PILOT2 FLIES DIRECT PILOT1 ADJUSTS 20 DEGREES LEFT A NIA m BECKER SAR DF 517 BEARING ON MORE THAN ONE TRANSMITTER If bearing in from a long distance on two transmitters the DF will be pointing at the middle of the two Exactly in the middle between two transmitters the DF will display and unusable bearing value Exactly over one transmitter the DF will be pointing to another garbling cone Flight Tactic if Two Transmitters are Suspected Don t fly the approach exactly following the indicated averaged bearing value but about 20 degrees to the left or right 69 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013
59. IZURES If the victim has a seizure do not restrain the victim or put anything into the mouth Protect the victim s head and extremities from banging into things with soft objects such as pillows Turn the victim on to side after seizure to avoid choking Call 911 for assistance DIABETES Diabetes is an illness where the body does not produce enough insulin In a diabetic incident there is a lowering of consciousness rapid breathing and pulse and a feeling of being ill The victim may be wearing a medic alert tag If the victim is conscious and can swallow give the victim sugar in the form of fruit juice candy or non diet soft drinks If the victim is unconscious do not give anything by mouth and call 911 PERSONAL SURVIVAL KIT SUGGESTIONS Each crew member should maintain a basic personal survival kit Here are some items to consider in addition to the items contained in the aircraft s permanent kit Flashlight amp spare batteries e Aircrew Survival Knife 5 blade e Water minimum 12 oz e High energy food bars e Portable Aircraft radio Hand held GPS Receiver Cell Phone amp spare battery e Aspirin Band Aids etc e Sickness bags 37 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 COMPLETE SUGGESTED SURVIVAL KIT ITEMS SURVIVAL KIT AIRCRAFT 1 4 PERSON WT 12 4 LB DEVELOPED BY ESTERN NEW YORK GROUP CAP EA CASE RIGID ORANGE 13 x 8 x 9 use as container for fuel or water burn to produce black smoke 3EA BLANKET SU
60. LEFT O Either arm and hand level with shoulder hand moving across throat palm downward CUT ENGINES I 20 JUN 2013 Point left arm downward Arms crossed above the right arm repeatedly moved head palms facing forward upward backward Speed of STOP arm movement indicating rate of turn TURN TO THE RIGHT Make rapid horizontal figure Raise arm and hand with eight motion at waist level fingers extended with either arm pointing at horizontally in front of the source of fire with the other then clench fist FIRE ONBOARD ENGAGE BRAKE Right arm raised with elbow at shoulder height with palm facing forward MARSHALLER FINISHED 17 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 MISSION AND GENERAL BRIEFING GUIDE BRIEFING STANDARDS The mission pilot is responsible for briefing each crewmember and or passenger prior to flight The passenger briefing follows these standards Each crewmember however should be familiar with these standards The items listed here include and amplify those required by CAP regulations For each mission brief the plan according to safety and other requirements If an item is asterisked and is not applicable to your mission simply omit it This briefing guide can be an aid to mission planning and is a key to safety and crew resource management This guide will put the entire crew on a common foundation will help ensure no details have been omitted It will be conducted with
61. LITTLE L PER Bring this up with the Ground Team because many Ground Team Members are unaware of this capability Decide what frequency will be used Communication Failure Day Comm failure procedures can be modified and simplified as necessary The simplest procedure is to say If you have communication failure call base and get instructions through them When Air To Ground Two Way Radio Communication Failure Between Aircrew amp Ground Team is recognized proceed with the following 2 WAY AIR TO GROUND COMMUNICATION FAILURE DURING DAYTIME 1 Aircraft begins to circle over a point for as long as it takes the ground team to stop Generally starting out in a position ahead of the ground team will help get their attention 2 The ground team vehicle stops 3 The Aircraft can attempt 1 way communication with the ground team using its Little L Per as a radio receiver Using an aviation communications radio transmit on 121 775 121 6 122 9 123 1 MHz or whatever has been briefed Avoid using 121 5 MHz If the ground team is listening for the ELT on a particular frequency you can but should avoid transmit over it to get the ground team s attention 4 Ground team waves and flashes headlights repeatedly when the message has been received 5 If the message has not been received keep trying or proceed with no radio air to ground coordination as described in this section below 24 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 2 WAY AIR TO GROUND
62. N INCHES AFT OF DATUM STA 0 0 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIRCREW OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT MATRIX Pilot Name Date Mission AIC Sortie HUMAN SUGGESTED VALUES Experience 2 1 000 hours PIC gt 250 lt 1 000 hours 250 hours PIC Training 2 50 hours mission time gt 25 lt 50 hours mission time 25 hours mission time Pilot 2 10 hours gt 5 lt 10 hours 5 hours Currency within last 30 days within last 30 days within last 30 days Health Good health and Fair health and or Poor health and Crew Rest proper crew rest some signs of fatigue or serious fatigue MACHINE B SUGGESTED VALUES Maintenance Fully Partially Fully Factors Functional Non Functional Non Functional Performance gt 2 500 7 000 gt 7 000 lt 2 500 Factors AGL search altitude AGL search altitude AGL search altitude AIA 8 AIG Good comms and or Comms high bird available MISSIONB SUGGESTED VALUES Operations 1 2 total 3 4 total gt 4 total Tempo search aircraft search aircraft search aircraft Some blind spots or faulty E Poor comms comms and or no high bird and no high bird Search Simple tasks Complexity no new technology Complex tasks no new technology Complex tasks new technology ENVIRONMENT B SUGGESTED VALUES Weather Icing none Icing none 0 Icing 2 light current amp Ceiling none Ceiling lt 1 500 20 Ceiling lt 500 10 5 10 forecast Hazards none Hazards lite mod Hazards
63. NFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 CANINES SAR DOG COUNTERDRUG DOG TEAM RELOCATION When transporting canines there are several factors to consider that may not be inherently obvious The best training for both the dogs and aircrews is to go out and practice this type of mission This minimizes apprehension both for the dog the handler and the aircrew Besides K 9 O Rides are fun for everybody Some pilots worry about the dog making a mess in the aircraft Generally most SAR and Narcotic dogs are highly trained and this will not be a problem Dogs can t control their shedding however and it is advisable to use an old army blanket or better yet a blanket the dog is already familiar with to cover the rear seat of the aircraft Dogs may shed hair dramatically when they are apprehensive As always the best person to discuss your concerns with is the dog s handler He or she will be intimately familiar with the dog s previous behavior Some aircrews worry that the dog may become irritated in flight and cause a hazard by jumping around or even biting it HAS happened Again if this is a concern discuss it with the handler Some handlers will muzzle their dogs but this is rare The dog may be equipped to be strapped into the aircraft s seat belt system this can allay some fears for all A good way to do this is strapping the dog in through the front loop of dog s harness If you cut a slit in the old army blanket you can feed the seatbelt throug
64. OK to Direction 11 Turn IK to enter Corner Dir 13 Press EHTER 12 Press ENTER 14 Turn IK to select Scale 15 Press GRD to View Grid Lines 30 deg EW N S 026 0 32 030 037 035 042 039 048 043 0 53 048 0 58 0 52 0 64 109 Track Line Search 1 Press HAV Press DB 2 Turn OK and IK to Create User Waypoint 1 for Beginning of Line Press ENTER 3 Turn OK and IK to Create User Waypoint 2 for End of Line PressEHTER 4 Press FPL Press SEL Turn OK and to select User Waypoint 24 and 2 for Flight Plan Leg DIRECT TO Press ENTER 5 Press HAV Turn OK to Parallel Track 6 Press SEL Turn OK and IK to select Distance S amp Offset Position Turn OK to USE Press EHTER T Press MAP Turn IK to select Scale Hote Heading required to fly Bearing Example Track Line Crosstrack Spacing S Shown Direction of Search Ff Example Parallel Line Lengths 8 Track Spacing in Grid Show H 1 Corner Directions W for Parallel Line Search 1 Press MAP 2 Turn OK CCWx2 to SAR Map Page 3 Press PAT 4 Turn IK to Expanding Square 5 Press FHTFR 6 Press SEL 7 Press ENTER 8 Turn OK and IK to select Waypoint 9 Press ENTER 10 Turn OK to Spacing 11 Turn IK to enter Track Spacing 12 Turn OK to Direction 13 Turn IK to enter Initial Heading 13 Press ENTER 12 Press ENTER 14
65. OTAL MISSION SORTIE SECTIONAL GRID CAP FREQUENCY ABCD CLEARANCE DEL APPROACH TOWER GROUND DEPARTURE FSS CTR FREQ FREQ TACH OUT TOTAL CAP MAS HIGH BIRD WORKSHEET 127 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 DATE ___ MERE MISSION 7 A C SORTIE MSN PILOT SECTIONAL PILOT GRID OBSERVER CAP SCANNER FREQUENCY Name Phone number Safety Officer Admin Officer Air Ops Officer Briefing Officer Debriefing Local FRO Ground Teams Ground Team Coordinator Call Sign CALL SIGN CALL SIGN ALPHA GOLF BRAVO HOTEL CHARLIE INDIA DELTA JULIET ECHO KILO FOXTROT LIMA MASF 12 128 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 HIGH BIRD TRANSMISSION LOG MASF 13 129 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 COMM FLIMSY Fill Out As Much Information As Necessary amp Possible to Help You Accomplish the Mission amp Have Needed Data Readily Available This Checklist Should Help You Remember to Gather Important Information TIME HACK TELEPHONE NUMBERS 202 762 1401 303 499 7111 DSN 762 1401 AFRCC 800 851 3051 NOTES pane 130 NT RSI Date Sectional Entry Point amp Z Exit Point NAVIGATIONAL AIDS FREQUENCY RADIAL IDENTIFIER LLI A Date Sectional Grid Entry Point Nes __ W Exit Point M W NAVIGATIONAL A
66. POH procedures for these emergencies if procedures exist l Door open in flight Climb to Traffic Pattern Altitude then secure or land Remember to maintain aircraft to control An open door will not kill you but losing aircraft control will Recite Engine failure on take off procedure Bird strike into cockpit ensure aircraft is climbing or climb together on controls A bird strike can come through the windscreen at traffic pattern airspeeds if the bird is large enough If it shatters the windshield and the Observer is qualified both crewmembers should come on the controls and a gentle climb should be established When the Observer determines the pilot is not dazed or unconscious the pilot can continue to fly the aircraft Bird strike structural damage climb and controllability check 7f a bird causes a large dent on a wing or control surface and the crew experiences control problems or vibrations consider a controllability check The check is performed by climbing 3000 5000 AGL or as high as possible Then the aircraft is slowed in 5 knot increments toward approach speed Avoid changing aircraft configuration like flaps unless required for landing Extend the gear and determine aircraft controllability The purpose is to determine if the aircraft will fly at normal approach and landing airspeeds lf the aircraft becomes difficult to control begins to stall or you begin nearing full scale deflection note the airspeed Use this speed
67. RVIVAL ORANGE SILVER 96 X 56 use silver side to body orange to signal 1EA MANUAL USAF AIRCREW SURVIVAL 64 5 1EA COMPASS USAF AIR CREW SURVIVAL use as an aircraft compass or for movement or location at crash site 1EA KNIFE POCKET USAF 4 BLADE 50 FT PARACHUTE CORD 550 use to secure shelter as lanyards for knives amp other items 1EA WHISTLE W LANYARD use as ground signal 1 EA MIRROR 3 X5 USAF SIGNAL follow directions on mirror 3 EA FLARES AERIAL USCG RED follow directions on package best to use when rescue team is in area 2 LIGHTSTICK GREEN CYALUME 12HR use to provide low level light source 50 FT TAPE MARKING RED cut in strips to mark trails etc 1CS MATCHCASE WATERPROOF W 20 MATCHES always keep dry 3 EA FUEL TRIOXANE follow directions use to cook or start fire 2 EA FLARES RED 15 MIN use as ground to air signal when rescue aircraft is visible 3 EA CANDLES 10 HR use to provide light and heat 1EA PANEL ORANGE 36 x 36 use to signal or cut in strips to mark ground movements 1EA WATER PURIFICATION TABLETS 50 s use as directed one tablet per quart 1EA BAG WATER SURVIVAL 5 QT use for water storage once a water supply is found 2 EA BAG ZIPLOCK 1 GAL amp 1 QT use for food and water storage I2EA SURVIVAL 4 33 OZ follow directions on containers 9 EA FOOD BAR HIGH ENERGY SURVIVAL follow directions on package 4EA SOUP PACKS use to flavor treated water or for hot
68. S equipped aircraft with en n ME No transponder route and terminal capability 14 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 BASIC VFR WEATHER MINIMA Airspace Flight Visibility Distance from Clouds Class A NotApplicable Not Applicable ClassB pstatute miles Clearof Clouds Class C 3 statute miles 500 feet below 1 000 feet above 2 000 feet horizontal Class D 3 statute miles 500 feet below 1 000 feet above 2 000 feet horizontal Class E Less than 10 000 feet MSL 3 statute miles 500 feet below 1 000 feet above 2 000 feet horizontal At or above 10 000 feet MSL 5 statute miles 1 000 feet below 1 000 feet above 1 statute mile horizontal Class G 1 200 feet or less above the surface regardless of MSL altitude section 91 155 b 3 statute miles CAP Night except as provided in 3 statute miles 500 feet below section 91 155 b 1 000 feet above 2 000 feet horizontal More than 1 200 feet above the surface but less than 10 000 feet MSL Day 1 statute mile 500 feet below statute miles CAP 1 000 feet above 2 000 feet horizontal 3 statute miles 500 feet below 1 000 feet above 2 000 feet horizontal More than 1 200 feet above the 5 statute miles 1 000 feet below surface and at or above 10 000 1 000 feet above eet MSL 1 statute mile horizontal INFLIGHT GUIDE MARSHALLING SIGNALS e m W Outward motion with thumbs PULL CHOCKS at head level with left arm pointing to engine START ENGINE
69. SH FROM The originator of the message immediately follows GROUPS The test of this message contains groups or words Normally not used in CAP originated messages MMEDIATE This message has a precedence of IMMEDIATE INFO The addressees immediately following are addressed for information only No action is required of them NITIAL S A group of one or more letters the first of which is a letter follows READ BACK he following is in response to your request to read back SAY AGAIN am repeating the transmission or the portion you need repeated SPELL will spell the next word phonetically I VERIFY That which follows has been verified per your request to be used only as a reply to a VERIFY request MESSAGE A message that requires recording is about to follow transmitted immediately after the call It is intended for use on tactical nets MORE TO FOLLOW have more messages traffic or information for you NEGATIVE Not received No NO PLAY During Exercises the words No Play are used to distinguish real activity from the exercise activity NOTHING HEARD To be used when no reply is received from a call NUMBER This station message number in numerals follows OUT This is the end of my transmission to you and no answer or reply is required or expected OVER his is the end of my transmission to you and an answer is required or expected PRIORITY his message has a precedence of PRIORITY READ BACK epeat this transmissi
70. SMITTER IF IT IS WITHIN 12 FEET OF THE ANTENNAE 3 FEET FOR 5W 4 TI RHFOREQR DMCS HON LEAST 50fFB8RTEAMPASEERIOMETHE ANTEN JHE NG TES A Pocket Guide by LtCol Tim Juhl 3 y VHF DF SENS VOL OPERABILITY OF THE DF This represents a typical L Tronics aircraft DF installation Newer models have the same basic layout except that there are two meters one for the DF function left right needle and one for setting sensitivity REC The model pictured above requires that you switch back and forth between DF and REC Wind C Target J t M OPERATION Alarm Mode When in alarm mode the unit is active but the audio circuits are suppressed Sensitivity should be at maximum full clockwise and frequency should be set to 121 5 If a ELT signal is received the light will flash and the audio circuit will be enabled If the DF is tied into the audio panel and selected the ELT will be heard To track the ELT follow the instructions listed under Normal Mode Note the DF is not as sensitive in Alarm Mode as in Normal Mode When trying to detect weak signals listen in Normal Mode Normal Mode A If a signal is detected switch to REC and adjust the sensitivity until the needle is centered between the vertical lines on the meter as in picture above B Switch to DF mode Using a shallow bank turn the aircraft in the direction the needle is pointing until t
71. Situation and take the proper action 3 Land as Soon as Conditions Permit 4 All Emergencies Climb if possible Climbing is the best option for bird strike engine roughness etc but this may not always be practical If in the low level environment attempt to climb if at all possible Remember controlled or uncontrolled flight into terrain will almost always kill you 5 Critical Emergencies Land 6 Non Critical Emergencies Climb and work through it Emergency Ground Egress 1 Pilot commands EGRESS EGRESS EGRESS and shuts down aircraft 2 Crew removes headsets You can use the headset in the door hinge to block it open 3 Pilot opens left door allowing scanner to exit out left side 20 INFLIGHT GUIDE CA 20 JUN 2013 Observer retrieves fire extinguisher if required Observer opens right door and pilot follows observer out right side of aircraft Crew proceeds to wingtip to avoid propeller and proceed to a spot 300 feet off the nose of the aircraft upwind of any smoke All crewmembers should be wary of responding crash fire rescue amp EMS vehicles At night try to make yourself visible to the fire trucks and emergency vehicles Afier clearing the aircraft ensure all crewmembers have made it out d Engine Fire on Start 1 2 3 Brief emergency actions Brief who will contact ground and request fire support prior to shutting off master switch Egress Procedures e Takeoff Emergencies Apply the
72. UPPLIES Lu cu ON LAND amp SEA TO LAND ARROW SHOWS LANDING DIRECTION x ON LAND WALKING IN THIS DIRECTION AT SEA DRIFTING ON LAND amp AT SEA NEED FOOD AND WATER ON LAND amp AT SEA NEED EQUIPMENT AS INDICATED SIGNALS FOLLOW ON LAND amp AT SEA DO NOT ATTEMPT LANDING 60 L _ ON LAND NEED QUININE OR ATABRINE AT SEA NEED SUN COVER ON LAND NEED GAS AND OIL PLANE IS FLYABLE AT SEA _ m ON LAND INDICATE DIRECTION OF NEAREST CIVILIZATION AT SEA INDICATE DIRECTION OF RESCUE CRAFT ON LAND NEED WARM CLOTHING AT SEA NEED EXPOSURE SUIT OR CLOTHING INDICATED l ON LAND amp AT SEA NEED MEDICAL ATTENTION ON LAND SHOULD WE WAIT FOR RESCUE PLANE AT SEA NOTIFY RESCUE AGENCY OF MY POSITION INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIRDROP MESSAGE DROP NOTICE CAPR 60 1 CAP Flight Management says Prohibited uses of CAP aircraft The following uses of CAP aircraft are prohibited Dropping of objects unless such action is to prevent loss of life Furthermore Federal Aviation Regulation Part 91 15 states No pilot in command of a civil aircraft may allow any object to be dropped from that aircraft in flight that creates a hazard to persons or property However this section does not prohibit the dropping of any object if reasonable precautions are taken to avoid injury or damage to persons or property You
73. V 2 EHT 2 CRSR OK to Scale IK Select Scale of Line 2 IK OK to Select ENT 3 0Kto MENU ZEE Trey ron 2 for End of Line B Lat Long 4 OK to Orientation IK to HT CRSR 3 His ana select User Waypoint 1 1 OK to USR IKtoUSR1 CRSR 2 IK OK Select iti ar doped MAERO age 3 OK to User Pos LiL ENT Present Position Lat Long 5 Monitor Bearing amp Distance to fly to z S Waypoint 74 Arriving on a Heading 4 IK OK Select Latitude EHT 1 OK to HAV IK to HAV 2 Equal to Direction of Search and with 5 IK OK Select Longitude EHT 2 CRSR gt CLR CRSR Crosstrack Distance 5 C Radial Distance ns man 6 Begin Search at Waypoint 1 OK to USR IK to USR 2 Outer Knob IK Inner Knob Fly Toward Waypoint 2 on same 2 IK OK Select Hame Heading Maintaining Crosstrack 3 OK to User Pos RD ENT APPROX MIN MILE Distance 5 shown Page 1 4 IK OK Select Reference ENT EH Hote Heading required to fly Bearing 4 IK OK Select Radial LAT 1 0 MIN MILE 5 IK OK Select Distance EHT CRSR LONG 1 2 MIN MILE Example Track Line Crosstrack Spacing S amp Example Heading Shown GIS SeciMin S0 deg S0 deg M Direction of Search EEE m Knots NMiMin_ Sec NM Long Ewv Lat N S EAN N S 60 1 0 60 49 0 26 0 32 70 12 51 42 51 0 30 0 37 80 13 45 37 46 0 35 0 42 90 15 40 33 40 0 38 0 48 Example Creeping Line 100 1
74. a ue e Thoroughly brief the route to and from the target and the flight patterns within the target area Mark them on the X appropriate sectional chart and maps e g road or topographical x x Ensure minimum altitudes are N established both for the routes to and NOS FIRST PASS Po Y from the target and in the target area on ICUUoPU Tcr nc W Ensure all communications frequencies are well understood This is LEGEMDECPENSHIT RATH particularly important for Slow Scan CAMERA FILMING sorties CAMERA ON CAMERA OFF CLIMB DESCEND Define the duties of the PIC and the photographer when in the target area The photographer will actually be in command of the mission and will give directions to the pilot but the PIC retains responsibility for the safe operation of the aircraft Ensure video equipment batteries are fully charged and that extra batteries are available Clean the aircraft windows If the video will be shot from the front right seat normal remove the window latch screw and put it in a safe place For Slow Scan sorties make sure the equipment is secured and properly connected Make a test transmission before you leave the ramp The customer sometimes defines video imaging flight profiles but a typical profile is shown and discussed below As the aircraft approaches the target the photographer should alert the pilot and prepare to begin photographing
75. a Visual dominance b Eyes on horizon If the cadet is airsick have them pick a spot on the horizon to focus on c Hands on controls Sometimes putting a finger on the yoke can make the cadet feel like they are flying the aircraft and can eliminate airsickness d Fly aircraft if not in a critical phase of flight Allowing the cadet to operate the controls may eliminate or alleviate airsickness ae pu 102 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 This page intentionally left blank 103 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION VIII GPS OPERATIONS KNOWING YOUR GPS Methods of building flight plans identifying points and entering and retrieving information vary by model and manufacturer and this discussion will be limited to the most general features The operating handbook for each specific LORAN or GPS should be studied thoroughly for similarities to and differences from the discussion to follow Here s some basic terminology Cross track This is the number of nautical miles left or right of a course programmed into the LORAN or GPS Some manufacturers call this track error Distance to go The number of miles remaining to the next turn point in the programmed sequence Waypoints Designations for the departure point destination and all intermediate or turn points for a given route when storing them in LORAN or GPS memory Imagine you are assigned to fly the track crawl from Point A to Point B in Figure 11 1 to look for an airplane presu
76. act has been established A DF steer may be possible from some Flight Service Stations but this service is being phased out COMPLY with ATC instructions STUCK MICROPHONE Occasionally the transmit button on aircraft radio microphone gets stuck in the transmit position resulting in a condition commonly referred to as a stuck mike This allows comments and conversation to be unintentionally broadcast Worse yet it also has the effect of blocking all other transmissions on that frequency effectively making the frequency useless for communication by anyone within range of the offending radio You may suspect a stuck mike when for no apparent reason you do not receive replies to your transmissions especially when more than one frequency has been involved Also with experience you may notice a different sound quality to the background silence of the intercom versus the silence heard when the microphone is keyed but no one is talking Most radios have a light or symbol such as a when the radio is transmitting Often the problem can be corrected by momentarily re keying the microphone If receiver operation is restored a sticking microphone button is quite likely the problem If unable to correct turn off or isolate the offending radio You may still be able to use the other radio s You may need to use the hand microphone Use caution for the problem to recur The potential of a stuck mike is a good reason to monitor guard 121
77. actors that may affect dogs Low frequency vibration can be extremely distracting to dogs and cause them to become fearful but this is more of a factor in helicopters Remember that the noise will likely be new to dogs as will the unusual sensations of acceleration and turbulence Altitude changes may also be new Note that aviation fuel can be harmful to the noses of dogs so keep the fuel that you tested away from them yet another reason for EPA approved procedures Ensure you don t have any type of hydraulic fluid around the aircraft this can irritate dogs paws For an actual mission know that the dog may need several hours rest to clear his nose of aircraft scents such as oil exhaust and gasoline Dog s noses are much more sensitive than a human s and will take longer to reacclimatize 98 lt 7 ID PASS 13 INFLIGHT GUIDE N PHOTO MISSION SSTV TAKE HOX Regardless of the type of video imaging mission there are some bag Y everybne involved in the mission need to know to ensure success The following presents th amp extra 1561 briefing TARGET Make sure each crewmember knows what the targep Wand Ys wha example a sortie may require a digital still sho Of Ane ada recorded video to detail egress points xX 4 7 I Ensure the target location is identified 3 SECOND PASS el so that you can find it Nis 7 277 1000 AGL 1NM Qyentation followed by
78. all clearances and hold short instructions 8 Compute crosswind and verify within Crosswind Limitation 9 Verify 3 statute miles visibility VFR in Class G unless PIC is current IFR 10 If IFR verify weather at or above landing minimums and date of last VOR check 11 Begin sterile cockpit 12 Signal marshaller before taxiing check brakes at beginning of roll 13 Taxi no faster than a slow walk when within 10 feet of obstacles a Maintain at least 50 behind light single engine aircraft b Maintain at least 100 behind small multi engine and jet aircraft c Maintain at least 500 behind heavies and taxiing helicopters H Takeoff Climb and Departure Double check assigned departure heading and altitude Lean engine for full power gt 3000 DA follow your POH or AFM Look for landing traffic before taking the active runway Keep lights on within 10 miles of the airport and when birds reported nearby Begin Observer Log with takeoff time and Hobbs and report Wheels Up Use shallow S turns and lift your wing before turns during climbing to check for traffic Keep shoulder harnesses buckled if available unless such wear interferes with pilot or crew member duties Keep crew apprised of conflicting aircraft and obstacle positions Keep checklists close at hand and open to Emergency Procedures Enroute 1 Maintain situational awareness 2 Lean engine for economy cruise 3 Update fuel assumptions and set altimeter to closest source at least ho
79. ansmitter Direction Finding for Aircrews use of equipment commonly found in C A P aircraft PowerPoint Classroom Presentation 13 Grand Forks Composite Squadron ND Cessna 172 N61876 Checklist by Captain David Soderman CAP 14 Basic ELT Location Course by Lou Dartanner amp L Tronics www ltronics com 15 LA Series Aircraft Direction Finders Operating amp Maintenance Manual L Tronics 16 LH Series Portable ground Direction Finders Operating amp Maintenance Manual L Tronics 17 Transmitter Hunting Radio Direction Finding Simplified book by Joe Moell and Thomas Curlee 18 Materials amp graphics by Mike McDonald Colorado Wing 19 ECI Scanner Observer and Emergency Services Course Texts now obsolete 20 CAP Forms by Maj Dr Chuck Kowalewski Mississippi Wing 2 Mission Briefing Guide by Maj Earl W Burress Jr of Texas Wing 22 California Wing s Mountain Fury Mission Pilot Course Presentation 23 Aircraft Survival Kits as submitted by Bob Hull New York Wing 24 Southwest Region Aircrew Handbook 25 CAP National Emergency Services Academy Mission Aircrew School CAP NESA MAS Textbook written compiled and edited by Maj Rich Simerson Training Materials PowerPoint slides amp Forms 26 South Carolina Wing s Lexington Composite Sq amp Wing DO Grid Search Aid 27 AFRCC Required ELT Information courtesy of Florida Wing CAP 28 CRM amp Briefing Topics provided by Maj Michael R Moyer CAP NESA MAS 29 GPS Qu
80. antennas For signal meter units turn the mode selector know to DF it really stands for Direction Finding n DF mode you can think of the needle as always pointing Direct to the Follow the target e For dual meter models simply refer to the DF window no need to change modes TURN Turn at least one FULL circle noting where the DF needle centers e Under ideal conditions the needle will center twice When facing directly at the source of the signal When facing 180 away from the target e You will solve this problem called ambiguity in the next step CHECK e Use Turn to Tell Remembering that in DF mode the needle always points Direct to the Follow target e When you have the needle centered turn left or right Ifyou turn left and the needle goes left the ELT is 180 from your present heading Ifyou turn left and the needle turns right the ELT is dead ahead SHOOT Use your DG to determine a bearing to the target amp follow that heading e You may need to fly through a zone of signal dropout watchful for signs of signal passage If you get signal passage consider using the pinpointing the target techniques e Frequently repeat the full six steps to ensure you are heading in the right direction and that you didn t inadvertently over fly the ELT 64 WARNING USE OF HIGH POWER TRANSMITTERS CLOSE TO THE DF ANTENNA GAN DAMAGE THE UNIT DAMAGE CAN OCCUR FROM 50 WATT jun 2013 TRAN
81. applicable 2 way radio comm system and navigational equipment appropriate to the ground facilities to be used Sensitive altimeter adjustable for barometric pressure Clock displaying hours minutes and seconds with a sweep second pointer or digital presentation Generator or alternator of adequate capacity Slip skid indicator Gyroscopic rate of turn indicator Gyroscopic pitch and bank indicator artificial horizon Gyroscopic direction indicator directional gyro or equivalent In order to determine whether you can take off with inoperative instruments or equipment refer to FAR 91 213 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 CROSSWIND COMPONENT DATA DEGREES OFF RUNWAY HEADING 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 15 KNOT CROSSWIND COMPONENT IS THE MAXIMUM INDICATED NOTE The maximum demonstrated crosswind component for a Cessna 172 is 15 knots CAP Regulation 60 1 limits CAP aircraft to the maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity or 15 knots whichever is greater WIND SPEED Kts 356 rotor 2416 8 9 10 11 12 12 2416 12 13 13 2579 11 12 13 14 14 HEEHIHHEEBES INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PLANNING GENERIC AIRCRAFT WEIGHT x ARM MOMENT 1000 Basic Empty Weight M we m 1 Baggage Area A or 1 Baggage Area 2 Baggage Area Fuel Gallons 6 GAL pounds per Gallon Directions Multiply each WEIGHT by the ARM t
82. as been narrowed the crew may be assigned to search an area using a parallel track pattern You can sketch the search area on your sectional and then draw two points along one edge at either end of the box If you determine the lat long coordinates of the two points and store them as waypoints in the LORAN or GPS you will be able to accurately fly the first leg along the edge of the area When the distance remaining reaches zero the aircraft is at the end of the box Confirm this by reading the chart and reverse or re sequence the waypoints while turning around Again deliberately navigate off course at the briefed track spacing back to the opposite end of the box Continue this exercise across the full width of the search box This or similar techniques can be adapted to the creeping line and expanding square patterns as well Again LORAN and GPS features vary by design and manufacturer What works effectively with one system may not in another Before trying any technique be sure you are thoroughly familiar with the LORAN or GPS operation If you devote an excessive amount of time inside with programming and switching during the search you might miss an important visual contact or clue outside Systems with the most basic features can be a tremendous help but you must never become so dependent upon them that you forget to visually navigate using the chart When conducting visual searches LORAN and GPS exist solely to confirm what the airc
83. assesses and defines Neglects rushed incomplete vague Brief mission environment aircraft and situation lectures ignores covers contingencies Situational Anticipates monitors prevents loss Disoriented confused lost fixated Awareness recognizes own other s loss regains Crew Coordination Leads identifies roles and expectations sets Judges ridicules overreacts ignores and Flight Integrity tone respects encourages assertive imposes accepts error Communication Clear concise listens interprets efficient gets Interrupts withholds discounts or gives feedback ambiguous mumbles Task Management Prioritizes assigns tasks creates time plans delegates checklist discipline Rushed overloaded complacent mis prioritizes Risk Management and Decision Making Identifies and assesses problems explores solutions makes appropriate decisions Avoids delays vacillates argues fails to consider consequence of decision Debrief Objective through feedback non threatening recaps key points solicits inputs provides corrective action Rushed incomplete vague lectures blames ignores 113 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION X ADMINISTRATION AIRCREW GUIDE RELEASE NOTES Visit the CAP ES Resources Website www CAP ES net for amplified instructions on how to print your own inflight guide Card stock is the preferred medium but paper inserted into sheet protectors also work
84. b Current Charts and Publications c FAA Flight Plan d NOTAMS and Special Local Procedures e Takeoff and Landing Data f Wake Turbulence g Fuel Requirements h Weight and Balance 116 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 4 Crew Resource Management a Knock it off or This is stupid and responses b Two challenge rule c Positive aircraft control d Go Around and response e Traffic calls based on clock position f Everyone has a voice PIC is final authority g Sterile Cockpit altitudes and phases of flight h Crew assignments and avionic usage i Who reminds pilot to close flight plan j Pilot will fly the aircraft and will avoid target fixation k Remove scarves rings and jewelry l Night IMC Reduced Visibility and Spatial Disorientation m Analyze threats along route 1 Bird strike hazard 2 Military Training Routes Victor Airways 3 Minimum Safe Altitudes High Terrain 4 Towers Airports and Instrument Approach Corridors 5 Determine emergency divert fields 5 Observer Considerations Briefing a Seat belt operations b Seat Belts on at all times c No Smoking d Crash Position for Observer and Scanner e Survival Equipment f ELT Operation 117 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 6 Emergency Procedures a Crew responsibilities 1 2 3 Pilot flies Observer runs checklists Scanner Clears for hazards b General Actions l Analyze the Situation and take the proper action Land as Soon as Condition
85. cal location Include such things as other aircraft ground parties descriptive information concerning your search area weather conditions sun position clouds etc old wreckage possible sightings etc Conduct the mission as briefed and planned Advise mission base of any problems delays etc per procedures indicated in briefing Return to mission base on time Report with the mission pilot for debriefing immediately upon return to mission base Applicable portions on reverse of CAPF 104 should be completed when reporting for debriefing Report availability for additional assignments Report and hazards or unsafe practices to the safety officer for follow up action and hazard abatement On completion of day s mission assignments return borrowed or assigned equipment 29 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION III EMERGENCY PROCEDURES This section is supplemental to the pilot s operating handbook and current aircraft checklist Where conflicts exist utilize the manufacturer s recommended procedures over those listed here Of course sound pilot judgment will always apply EMERGENCY COMMUNICATONS 1 Transmit MAYDAY 3 times on 121 5 MHz or current facility frequency 2 Squawk 7700 3 Notify controlling agency of intentions When time and conditions permit relay the following information Call Sign Aircraft Type Tail Number Position Nature of Emergency Fuel on Board in minutes Souls on Board Intentions Assistanc
86. ccccccsssssssscssscscscscscscscscscccscccscscccccscccscccscscscscscscscsescsesescscsesesesesees 02 L TRONICS AIR DF SINGLE METER MODELS ttt ttt ttt ttti 62 L TRONICS AIR DF DUAL METER MODELS ttt 63 SIX STEPS TO ELT EPIRB LOCATION ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt 64 AIRBORNE DIRECTION FINDERS FOR ELT 5 241 1 242 2 22 ttt ttt 65 BECKER SAR DF 517 OPERATION 68 BECKER SAR DF 517 BEARING ON MORE THAN ONE TRANSMITTER tette 69 ELT RECEPTION DISTANCE GRAPH 6 TABLE 70 OTHER METHODS OF LOCATING AN 71 WING NULL WING SHADOWING METHOD OF ELT LOCATION ttt ttt 71 WING NULL METHOD VISUALIZED 72 WING NULL DIRECTION MATRIX ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt 72 ANTENNAS BELOW THE WINGS ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt EEEE A 73 ANTENNAS ABOVE THE WINGS cete ipe tlic etsi dei tenere 73 AURADSEAREH METHOD ctt taret tte eed ti o AW 74 METERED SEARCH BUILD AND FADE METHOD ttt ttt ttt tts 76 NIGHT AND IFR ELECTRONIC SEARCH ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt 78 COLLAPSING BOX ELECTRONIC SEARCH 79 BASIC GROUND ELT SEARCH FOR AIRCREWS ettet ttt rE ttes 80 6 STEPS TO ELT LOCATION ON THE GROUND ttt 80 AFRCC REQUIRED ELT INFORMATION ttt ttt ttt ttt ttti 81 AIRCREW ON THE GROUND LEGAL ISSUES ttt ttt
87. ceived and understood b Message received but NOT understood c Yes or affirmative d No or negative Will Drop Message GUN MOTOR THREE TIMES USFS 57 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SURFACE TO AIR VISUAL SIGNALS Require Assistance Operation Completed LLL Require Medical Assistance or Unable to Proceed old We Have Found All Missing Personnel LL No or Negative All Well or Personnel OK LL Yes or Affirmative Require Fuel amp Oil or Jumper OK USFS L Proceeding In This Direction gt lt Z x lt Not Understood JL We Have Found Only Some Missing Personnel Require Map amp Compass We are not able to continue Returning to base Require Signal Lamp Nothing found Will continue to search Will Attempt Takeoff Require Firearm amp Ammunition Have divided into two groups Each proceeding in direction indicated Require Doctor Serious Injuries Information received that aircraft is in this direction V V Require Medical Supplies Need Repairs or Require Engineer old Require Food amp Water Probably Safe To Land Here gt Indicate Direction to Proceed International Symbol of Distress U Aircraft Seriously Damaged Able to Ride Horse Fire Adequately Staffed Need Stretcher Crew Change Jump Spot USFS Broken Leg Cargo Drop Target USFS
88. check aeronautical charts maps and gridded charts also clipboard and markers Ensure required aids onboard Flight Guide distress and air to ground signals fuel tester tools Windshield and windows clean and chocks tie downs Pitot tube covers and engine plugs stowed Right Window holding screw removed video imaging mission and stored 0 Check and test special equipment cameras camcorder slow scan repeater including spare batteries 1 Parking area clear of obstacles arrange for a wing walker if one will be needed to clear obstacles 2 Perform passenger briefing and review emergency egress procedure 2 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 13 Review taxi plan diagram and brief crew assignments for taxi takeoff and departure 14 Remind crew that most midair collisions occur in or near the traffic pattern 15 Enter settings into GPS e g destination or flight plan entry points and waypoints 16 Organize the cockpit G Startup and Taxi 1 Brief checklist method to be used e g challenge response 2 Seat belts at all times shoulder harness at all times if available unless interfering with crew member duties 3 Double check Intercom Audio Panel and Comm Radio settings 4 Rotating Beacon Switch ON and signal marshaller before starting engine lean for taxi 5 Ensure DF and FM Radio are operable and set properly FM radio check if first flight 6 Select initial VOR radial s and GPS setting 7 Obtain ATIS and Clearance read back
89. ckpit myopia VISUAL SCANNING VISUALIZED Direction of Flight ay Scanning Fixation Area Fixation Point or Fixation Point First Fixation Area Nearest Airplane fixation pattern scanner s depiction Coverage 93 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 PROBABILITY OF DETECTION MISSION AND CUMULATIVE POD MISSION POD CHART OPEN FLAT TERRAIN MODERATE TREE COVER HILLY HEAVY TREE COVER VERY HILLY Srch Alt AGL Search Visibility Search Visibility Search Visibility Spacing 1 mi 2mi 3mi i 2mi 3mi i Spacing 1 2mi 3mi Previous or Cumulative POD CUMULATIVE POD CHART POD THIS SEARCH 94 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 This page intentionally left blank 95 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION VII ADDITIONAL CAP MISSIONS DISASTER RELIEF This will often be very mission specific depending upon the Disaster Relief tasking Whether your job is a photo mission below or aerial damage assessment you may be asked to try something which you ve never done before exactly Here are some general guidelines when flying this type of mission e Plot legs and locate highest obstacle within 5 miles Determine minimum leg altitude by adding 100 feet to the highest obstacle Brief crew on expected visual cues e If possible fly the route at high altitude in one direction to check for hazards and then fly the other direction at lower altitude DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Flying assessment sorties is not muc
90. cuting a high workload task Crew assignments and avionic usage Consider using a challenge and response method for checklists if the observer is qualified Determine which avionics the pilot will operate which avionics the observer will operate and discuss communication panel settings and changes Who reminds pilot to close flight plan Assign the Scanner or Observer the responsibility to remind the pilot to close any flight plans Pilot will fly the aircraft and will avoid target fixation It is the pilot s responsibility to provide a stable search platform not to search While maneuvering the aircraft over a target the 19 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 1 pilot should be flying the aircraft and clearing for traffic at the scanner or observer 5 direction If the pilot begins watching the target it is possible for the aircraft to descend into terrain Remove scarves rings and jewelry Rings and jewelry have the potential of snagging on the aircraft during egress and could peel back the skin on fingers when this happens Scarves can melt or burn if exposed to a flash fire during egress Night IMC Reduced Visibility and Spatial Disorientation 7f there is an increased risk for spatial disorientation discuss the symptoms and ways to counteract its effects m Analyze threats along route 1 Bird strike hazard Military Training Routes Victor Airways Minimum Safe Altitudes High Terrain Towers Airports and Instrument Approach Co
91. d 5 Pilot currency including a Photo ID B Check personal equipment 1 Clothing sufficient and suitable for the entire trip 2 Personal supplies civilian clothing headset charts maps plotter log checklists fluids and snacks 3 Personal survival equipment in addition to the aircraft kit suitable for the entire trip 4 Sufficient money for the trip credit cards some cash or traveler s checks and coin 5 Cell phone including spare battery and charger C Check aircraft equipment 1 Current aeronautical charts for the entire trip and gridded charts for the mission area 2 Maps for the mission area e g road atlas county maps topo maps plus clipboard and markers 3 Tie downs chocks Pitot tube cover and engine plugs fuel tester sick sacks and cleaning gear 4 Survival kit fits trip and mission area terrain headsets flashlight binoculars and multi tool D Review the Aircraft Logs 1 Note the date and the starting Tach and Hobbs times to ensure you won t exceed a Mid cycle oil change 40 60 hours not to exceed four months b 100 hour Annual C 24 month checks Transponder Pitot Static system Altimeter and ELT battery replacement date d 30 day VOR check for IFR flight GPS database date and AD compliance list e Fire Extinguisher and Corrosion control expiration dates 2 Check the status of the Carbon Monoxide Detector and Fire Extinguisher 3 Review the Discrepancy Log and make sure the aircraft is airworthy and missi
92. e 12 Needle Should Center 13 Turn Sensitivity to Maximum Again 14 DF Needle Should Wander Slightly 15 Alarm Toggle On 16 Alarm Light Should Flash 17 Light then Goes Out and Audio Ceases SETTINGS FOR FLIGHT DUAL METER MODELS MISSIONS 1 Select 121 5 or 121 775 for training missions 2 Ensure Alarm Toggle Off 3 Turn Sensitivity to Maximum Full Clockwise 4 Turn Volume to About Mid Scale 5 DF Should Stay About Centered 6 Strength Meter Will Move Up Scale to Right NON MISSION FLIGHTS 1 Select 121 5 2 Turn Alarm Toggle On 3 Turn Sensitivity To Maximum NEVER FLY A MISSION WITH THE DF IN THE ALARM MODE 63 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SIX STEPS TO ELT EPIRB LOCATION RECeive e Once you have started to receive the ELT or EPIRB signal on the proper frequency e Ifyou have a single meter unit turn the mode selector to RECeive and turn the volume to a comfortable level If you have a dual meter unit refer to the STRENGTH window no need to change modes HALF e Now that the unit is in RECeive mode and you have a good signal turn the Sensitivity Knob to HALF SCALE This is in the center of the window If you are flying with a dual meter unit turn the Sensitivity Knob so the needle reads HALF SCALE in the STRENGTH window half scale strength reading will prevent too much signal over sense from entering the unit and will provide you with a good starting point e Ttis also the optimum for DF homing
93. e ELT EPIRB was located The time Zulu that the ELT EPIRB was silenced The street address where the ELT EPIRB was located The Latitude Longitude in degrees and minutes where the objective ELT EPIRB was located The type of airplane or boat that contained the ELT EPIRB The N number or hull number of the airplane or boat ELT s manufacturer 9 The model number of the ELT EPIRB 10 The serial number of the ELT EPIRB 11 The battery expiration date of the ELT EPIRB 12 The name address and phone number for the owner of the ELT EPIRB 13 The cause of activation mishandling damaged unit broken switch hard landing etc f information can be safely obtained 90 S3 ON UV wp Goh AIRCREW ON THE GROUND LEGAL ISSUES CAP members must not enter private property except to save a life and should not do anything that could cause harm or damage to the distress beacon or aircraft boat f entry is required the owner operator or local law enforcement officials will make it In some cases especially at an airport FBO personnel have permission to enter aircraft on the premises and can assist you Law enforcement authorities such as local police the county sheriff s office or game wardens may be contacted for assistance If they are not familiar with CAP and your responsibilities a simple explanation often suffices If this doesn t work try calling AFRCC and have them explain the situation If for whatever reason you cannot
94. e Requested DY v GENERAL RADIO FAILURE PROCEDURES Check all radio equipment volume connections circuit breakers stuck mike other radios Attempt contact on 121 5 MHz Listen for possible response on voice capable VOR Try a handheld transceiver Remain VMC if able else follow AVE F MEA procedures If IFR squawk 7600 unless another emergency exists in which case squawk appropriate code 7700 When making a NORDO landing at a controlled field look at the control tower for a green light and clear diligently In most cases land unless you observe a red light flares or see a conflict STANDARD LIGHTGUN SIGNALS LIGHT COLOR ON GROUND IN FLIGHT Return For Landing Flashing GREEN Cleared to Taxi to be followed by steady green at proper time Give Way to Other Aircraft Area Runway in Use DO NOT LAND Airport GREEN CAUTION CAUTION LOST PROCEDURES 30 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 CLIMB to an altitude above all obstructions This will allow better NAVAID reception and communication with ATC facilities Utilize any received NAVAIDs CONSERVE slow the aircraft to maximum endurance airspeed generally the same as Vx to allow for the greatest possible use of the available fuel on board COMMUNICATE with ATC or the local FSS or broadcast you situation on 121 5 CONFESS your situation to the nearest ATC facility or FSS If radar is available they will likely give you an appropriate squawk code and vectors once radar cont
95. e Search Area 1 Log time and Hobbs and report In the Search Area Enter deviations from assigned search parameters in Observer Log Hourly Updates Altimeter setting closest source and fuel assumptions Report Operations Normal at assigned intervals Maintain at least 1000 AGL during daytime Maintain at least 2000 AGL during nighttime Limit time spent below 1000 AGL no lower than 500 AGL Monitor for crew fatigue and high altitude effects If you sight the objective notify mission base at once 10 Log all negative result sightings D Departing the Search Area 1 Log time and Hobbs and report Out of the Search Area 2 Double check heading and altitude assigned for transit to next search area or return to base 9 Return to Base A Approach descent and landing per 1J B When parked complete appropriate steps per 2A 10 Debrief A Take a short break and then meet to complete the CAPF 104 1 Fill in and Actual Landing Time on the front of the form 2 Time of Day section means the time you were in the search area 3 Crew Comments about Effectiveness involves a quantitative assessment excellent good fair or poor of how well you accomplished the mission 4 Crew Remarks of SAR Effectiveness gives the crew a chance to comment on the effectiveness of the sortie in general 5 The Note section is for drawings sketches and other supporting information or additional comments If you are attaching a drawing write drawin
96. e aircraft for next assignment On completion of day s mission assignments return borrowed or assigned equipment Report any hazards or unsafe practices to the safety officer for follow up action and hazard abatement File FAA or CAP flight plan for return to home base upon completion of mission activities Service aircraft immediately upon return to home base Complete CAPF 108 and submit to wing headquarters 28 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIRCREW FUNCTIONAL AREA CHECKLISTS OBSERVER SCANNER Extract from CAPR 55 1 Attachment 3 Change 2 5 Oct 1999 out of print Note the text remains here exactly as it was written in CAPR 55 1 regardless of possible additional requirements or changes as laid out in other CAP guidance MISSION OBSERVER SCANNER Appropriate dress for the mission gloves sunglasses uniform appropriate for climate and terrain Equipment needed for the mission binoculars camera clipboard sunglasses survival equipment overnight kit etc All credentials current and carried CAP membership card CAPF 101 CAPF 76 Complete mission kit gridded charts plotter light computer local road maps etc Complete sign in and reporting procedures upon arrival at mission base Obtain crew assignment Report with mission pilot for briefing Assist mission pilot with planning for the mission Maintain an accurate flight log of all observations on your sortie Record all sightings to include the time and geographi
97. e discussed at the aircraft PRIOR TO STARTING the aircraft a Please fasten your seatbelt Do you need help fastening your seat belt occupants need to wear shoulder harnesses if available unless it s interfering with your crew duties Do you need help fastening your shoulder harness You are required to keep your seatbelt on until we have stopped taxiing and I have stopped the engine b Please make sure your seat is locked in place and adjusted to suit you There is a lever and two cranks at the front of your seat to allow you to adjust the seat forward as well as the angle of the back and the height of the seat c Please make sure your door is closed and latched If you wish you may keep your window open until we prepare to takeoff If a door comes open in flight to include the baggage door just leave it alone We ll land the airplane to handle the problem d Make sure all of your loose items are securely stowed Loose objects in the cockpit can create a hazard e Do you need assistance with Entry Exit door operations 3 EMERGENCY items to be discussed at the aircraft PRIOR TO STARTING the aircraft a The Fire Extinguisher is located and the additional on board emergency equipment is located Do you need assistance with Fire Extinguisher operations b If we have to exit the aircraft quickly on the ground I will say EGRESS EGRESS EGRESS The people in the rear seats will exit first then the front seat passenger the
98. ecome airborne Know where emergency equipment is located If visibility permits evaluate the landing area while airborne l any clearings 2 nearby fresh water or lake 3 any civilization or roads nearby Be prepared to exit quickly if fire or the potential for fire exists 3 AFTER LANDING DON T PANIC REMAIN CALM Size up the situation Proper mental attitude will keep you alive TREAT ANY SERIOUS MEDICAL PROBLEMS MAKE SURE ELT IS OPERATING Repair antennas if necessary 24 antenna or wire for 121 5 MHz Check Aircraft Radios and Cell phones Minimize battery use NVENTORY ALL ASSETS Survival Kits fuel radios food paper a c parts etc EVERYTHING PREPARE A PLAN THINK LOGICALLY Review Survival Manuals Stay with aircraft especially if ELT and radios are working Travel only if survival chances are much better elsewhere Much greater energy will be expended traveling more food amp water 34 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 Set up Shelter aircraft body under wings caves etc Set up a Signal plan fire smoke flares signal panels etc Set up a Communication plan Such as how often to use radio batteries etc Look for additional sources of water much more important than food Don t try to travel at night Work and stay as a team FOLLOW PLAN AND WAIT FOR HELP TO ARRIVE Never give up hope Do not think negatively Do things to improve the situation Help is on the way FIRST AID URGENT CARE If you are p
99. eep high walled narrow crater The structure may be completely demolished with parts of the wings and empennage near the edge of the crater Vertical dives into heavily wooded terrain will sometimes cause very little damage to the surrounding foliage and sometimes only a day or two is needed for the foliage to repair itself Cork screw or auger Caused from uncontrolled spins Wreckage is considerably broken in a small area There are curved ground scars around a shallow crater One wing is more heavily damaged and the fuselage is broken in several places with the tail forward in the direction of the spin In wooded areas damage to branches and foliage is considerable but is confined to a small area Creaming or smear Caused from low level buzzing or flat hatting from instrument flight or attempted crash landing The wreckage distribution is long and narrow with heavier components farthest away from the initial point of impact The tail and wings remain fairly intact and sheared off close to the point of impact With power on or a wind milling propeller there is a short series of prop bites in the ground Ground looping sometimes terminates the wreckage pattern with a sharp hook and may reverse the position of some wreckage components Skipping is also quite common in open flat terrain In wooded areas damage to the trees is considerable at the point of impact but the wreckage travels among the trees beneath the foliage for a greater distance
100. en by the satellite that appear to be many miles away from the true signal source If you think you have the ELT located make a low pass over the site stay legal to see if you lose the signal If you lose the signal it s somewhere else If you suspect an airport a low pass down the active runway is a quick way of confirming that it is on or near the airport If you hear it at low level congratulations If you get confusing indications on your DF move away from the area of confusion and try again Signals that appear to be getting stronger and then suddenly disappear are probably reflections ELT signals with no or nonstandard tones will not set off the unit s alarm but can be tracked If the aircraft is pointed 180 away from the ELT the meter will center If you suspect that to be the case turn left or right and watch the needle If you turn left and the needle points left continue to follow the needle around until it centers on the true bearing If there is a crosswind the aircraft will follow a curved course to the target similar to what happens if you track inbound to an NDB without adding in wind correction first figure You may also wish to utilize the Collapsing Box electronic search pattern described in pages below 66 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 DIRECTION FINDING NEEDLE WILL POINT TO THE ELT TURN TO TELL RULE OF T
101. eral Mission Data a Mission flow consulted See Mission Flow page 5 b Mission number sortie length c Intended search profile and type select one from below 9 Grid Search a Review target information b Search area c Ingress egress altitudes d Search altitudes in AGL MSL e Minimum Safe Altitude Emergency Safe Altitude f Search airspeed flap settings g Track Spacing Search Area Diagram with Lat Long h Time to area on station return vs fuel available i Proceed to air to ground portion if using ground support j Any additional information AFRCC input NTAP 120 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 10 11 Electronic Search SARSAT hits Plot Lat Longs independently and compare Conduct DF Unit Preflight Set 121 5 on VHF with squelch off Discuss wing shadowing if necessary Discuss Low visibility IMC procedures 7 File wedge off Navigational Aids 8 Determine maximum minimum DME limits 9 Fly cardinal headings using collapsing box Air to Ground Coordination Call sign and frequency of ground team Rendezvous location and arrival window Vehicle description Back up communications over LITTLE L PER Communication Failure Day 2 WAY AIR TO GROUND COMMUNICATION FAILURE DURING DAYTIME 1 Aircraft begins to circle over a point for as long as it takes the ground team to stop Generally starting out in a position ahead of the ground team will help get their attention 2 The ground tea
102. ere reote pedo ete eb 14 BASIC VER WEATHER MINIMA itp o re vU OE e RE n vetere arb ess 15 MARSHALLDING SIGNALS tereti ND O GA EE ae TE EE are te vedere det ab e Yet 16 MISSION AND GENERAL BRIEFING GUIDE BRIEFING STANDARDS 17 7 eee ene emen eene enne 18 GENERAL PASSENGER BRIEFING note t reo PR DRE REOR FR eo ero I E P P e e PER 27 AIRCREW FUNCTIONAL AREA CHECKLISTS MISSION PILOT eee eene em e men enne rennen 28 AIRCREW FUNCTIONAL AREA CHECKLISTS OBSERVER SCANNER eee een emen enne enne 29 SECTION IE gt 30 EMERGENCY COMMUNICAT ONS terret OE ge gne Pee Ee ET EE pE EEE NESE SEEE ube 30 GENERAL RADIO FAILURE 5 30 STANDARD LIGHTGUN SIGNA LS trim YE e Fuge ero 30 LOST PROCEDURES ntn rri en rr FERAE ES ETE HERE PER TE ERE PU bear ENTE 30 STUCK MICROPHONE coreene nemen het nate Pp 31 EMERGENCY 58 20250 31 STRUCTURAL DAMAGE CONTROLLABILITY 32 AIRCREW SURVIVAL BASICS ocre tno nte tete b a e RO b
103. erminate the sortie or not Two challenge rule When flying with two pilots and the pilot flying begins a serious deviation the other pilot will make a verbal challenge If no attempt at correction in made a second challenge will be made If no attempt at correction is made the pilot non flying takes the controls and initiates a climb This is to prevent an aircraft accident from occurring due to situational disorientation heart attack stroke etc It is intended to prevent the pilot flying from flying a perfectly good aircraft into the ground Positive aircraft control There should be no question of who is in control of the aircraft To transfer control the pilot flying will state You have the controls and the pilot non flying will state I have the controls This phraseology is based on Navy procedures to ensure I have the aircraft is not confused as a traffic call Go Around and response If any crew member states Go Around while in the process of landing the pilot will initiate a go around and then determine why the go around was directed This is based on both USAF and airline standard Traffic calls based on clock position Explain if necessary to aircrew how aircraft are located using the clock method 12 O clock is directly ahead of the aircraft 3 O clock is off the right wingtip in relation to the aircraft If the aircraft is above the horizon it is high on the horizon is level and below the horizon is
104. esired for accurate coverage refer to GPS Operations Section for more information Legs can be East West or North South consult your IC or Air Ops Director for desired method s A common technique is to initially fly across the grid from corner to corner to survey the area for hazards Turns can be either inside or outside of the grid Outside of the grid is preferred to allow for frequent short crew brea ARGH if arch coverage Considering that if there are aircraft searching the adjacent i AREA a last resort mmm IE ON J 86 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SEARCH TURN RADIUS Visual search operations require frequent 180 turns For practicality and ease of navigation North South searches are often flown on even minutes of longitude In this case we approximate track spacing S as 1 NM but in truth it is smaller than that The further North in the we go these longitude lines are closer and closer together Flying East to West legs on the minute lines are always I NM apart resulting in a turn radius of gt NM last table The following tables were developed using the equations below D is the distance in Nautical Miles between minute lines of longitude R is the turn radius to fly from one minute of longitude line to another V is velocity as true airspeed TAS in knots and theta is the bank angle that corresponds to the turn radius The table below does not account for wind Additionally it does not accou
105. etric exercises e Chew gum or mints Write down pertinent operational information to help keep your mind alert Engage in conversation as appropriate Conversation must be in an active mode Utilize brighter lighting as appropriate and relevant to current safety issues Reduce or increase temperature and use directed airflow across face and upper body Strategic caffeine use generally takes effect 15 45 minutes after ingestion CAUTION caffeine is also a diuretic and dehydration can lead to other problems Anxiety irritability and insomnia are also side effects of caffeine use There is no single solution to counteracting the onset of fatigue These countermeasures and good Crew Resource Management CRM skills can help to minimize errors and enhance safety under all reduced human performance conditions Adhering to the Preventive Countermeasures is the best way to combat fatigue long term 112 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT T E A M S Teamwork Introduction e Synergy Equipment e Emergency Procedures e Abnormalities inoperative items etc Attitude e Communication Time En route e Support and Encouragement Meteorology e En route Destination e Delays Security Sterile Cockpit e Additional Mission Issues Build a better TEAM Think CRM CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT USAF Supplement CRM SKILL POSITIVE FACTORS NEGATIVE FACTORS Mission Planning Organized clearly
106. g attached label the attachment so it can be related to the CAPF 104 if it becomes separated 6 Make sure the Enroute and Search Time entries equal the Total Hobbs hours entry 7 Make sure all entries and sketches drawings are clear and legible B Checkin with Debriefing Officer Tell how you did your job and what you saw Usually starts with a review of the information you entered on the reverse of the CAPF 104 Answer all questions as best you can and be very honest about conditions and your actions If you are scheduled for another sortie find someplace to rest Close your eyes you may even want to take a nap if there is time and a place to do so Also take in some refreshment to give you sufficient energy for the next sortie SUIS 11 Next Sortie Repeat steps 4 through 10 check flight time and duty limitations 5 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 12 Return Home check flight time and duty limitations A B 13 PSA W gt P gt IOTMOO Turn in any issued equipment and settle bills hotel meals and fuel retain copies Complete Outbound CAPF 104 and get a flight release record the phone number of the mission base person you will call to close the CAP flight plan and report your Hobbs time Ensure you have copies front and back of all CAPF 104s accomplished during the mission Sign out of mission base Preflight the aircraft per 1 F Startup and taxi per 1 G
107. h different than flying search patterns The big difference between a search for a downed aircraft and damage assessment is what you look for in the disaster area The best way to discuss this 1s to look at the kinds of questions you be asking yourselves during your sortie Most often you will be given specific tasking for each sortie However you must always be observant and flexible Just because you have been sent to determine the condition of a levy doesn t mean you ignore everything else you see on the way to and from the levy Different types of emergencies or disasters will prompt different assessment needs as will the nature of the operations undertaken Examples of questions you should be asking are but are certainly not limited to What is the geographical extent of the affected area e What is the severity of the damage Is the damage spreading If so how far and how fast It is particularly important to report the direction and speed of plumes e g smoke or chemical How has access to or egress from important areas been affected For example you may see that the southern road leading to a hospital has been blocked but emergency vehicles can get to the hospital using an easterly approach e What are the primary active hazards in the area Are there secondary hazards For example in a flood the water is the primary hazard if the water is flowing through an industrial zone then chemical spills and fumes may be secondary hazards
108. h it then through the harness back through the slit and finally to the buckle The dog can thus be strapped in securely but not uncomfortably A leash can be similarly routed from the dog s collar between the rear seat back and the bench portion of the seat Restraining the dog with a leash in this fashion can restrict the dog s mobility such that she can move around but not reach the front seat occupants Some pilots may desire the dog to be placed in a travel crate kennel The bottom line is that the level of the dog s restraint relies on the comfort level of the pilot in command Remember that the handler is probably not familiar with operating out of aircraft especially fixed wing aircraft like CAP flies Discuss safety issues with the handler to include ramp safety and how the dog will enter and exit the aircraft The handler may want to enter the aircraft first and have the dog lifted up to him her The handler should know her dog s weight for balance computations This may be important if you wish both dog and handler to ride in the back seat Use caution you may need another front seat occupant to remain within CG limits If the dog is not restrained inside the aircraft ensure that the pilot or handler prevents the animal from jumping out after the doors are opened A dog may be used to exiting the vehicle as soon as the door is opened for him and he may be especially eager after an unfamiliar airplane experience Aircraft have several f
109. h may build a fire to warm themselves or to signal search aircraft Campers hunters and fishermen build fires for their purposes but no matter what the origin or purpose of smoke and fire each case should be investigated Blackened areas Fire causes blackened areas You may have to check many such areas but finding the search objective will make the effort worthwhile Broken tree branches If an airplane goes down in a heavily wooded area it will break tree branches and perhaps trees The extent of this breakage will depend on the angle at which the trees were struck The primary clue for the scanner however will be color As you no doubt realize the interior of a tree trunk or branch and the undersides of many types of leaves are light in color This contrast between the light color and the darker foliage serves as a good clue Local discoloration of foliage Here we are talking about dead or dying leaves and needles of evergreen trees A crash that is several days old may have discolored a small area in the forest canopy This discoloration could be the result of either a small fire or broken tree branches 90 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 Fresh bare earth An aircraft striking the ground at any angle will disturb or plow the earth to some degree An over flight within a day or so of the event should provide a clue for scanners Because of its moisture content fresh bare earth has a different color and texture than the surrounding undi
110. h traffic Plan to Place the Scanner on the side of the Aircraft Opposite the Sun for best Chance of Reflections Utilize the Lat Long Numbers on the GPS to fly North South Search Lines Keep the Same Longitude Number on the GPS to Fly the North South Track Correct the Longitude Number Fly West to Increase Longitude Fly North to Increase Latitude e At 90 Knots a Turn Rate Just Under Standard Rate Will Yield approximately 4 Mile Turn Radius Which Makes Mile Track Spacing See the Search Turn Radius page in this inflight guide Be Especially Diligent to Search on the Border of the Grid to Avoid this Commonly Missed Area ROUTE TRACK LINE OR TRACK CRAWL SEARCH Used when the objective aircraft is missing without additional clues Assumes the aircraft went down near its intended route of flight It is effective at night especially when aided by survivor signals or an ELT This search can help determine radar coverage for use with NTAPs Can be flown at a track spacing S around the route of flight or directly over the route of flight It is an excellent first response search 85 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 PARALLEL LINE GRID SEARCH used when the search area is large and fairly level uniform coverage is desired and only the location of the target is known Begin at one corner of search area and fly at assigned altitude Fly first leg at gt desired spacing S from border GPS is strongly d
111. he needle centers Fly a heading that keeps the needle centered C As you approach the target the signal strength will increase If the signal is too strong it will disturb the accuracy of the DF indications For that reason frequently switch back to REC mode and turn the sensitivity down to keep the needle in the center After checking the gain switch back to DF mode D Over the target it will be almost impossible to keep the needle centered somewhat like the behavior over a VOR Fly a cloverleaf type pattern over the target area to confirm that you are indeed over the ELT transmitter see Fig 2 65 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIRCRAFT PATH I ARGEI Fig 2 P sz Z m PINPOINTING THE TARGET As you pass over what appears to be the location of the ELT signal the DF meter will deflect strongly To confirm the location make a wide circle and intercept your previous course at a right angle Note where the ground tracks intersect This procedure may be repeated several times if necessary to pinpoint the location If the DF does not carry you back over the same point fly a few miles away and try tracking it again Sometimes false targets will appear Hints 1 If you are sent to an area where the satellite says there is a target and you hear nothing climb to a higher altitude The higher you are the farther away you can hear a signal Sometimes a single signal can result in one or more ghosts being se
112. he area that emitted the strongest signal Optionally the entire process can be repeated to narrow down the search or another search method can be used Upon reaching the area of strong signal the search crew begins a visual search at an appropriate altitude When search crews properly use this method they can quickly locate the ELT unit and downed aircraft 77 INFLIGHT GUIDE 350 30 DME NICRHDNAD IFR ELECTRONIC SEARCH 20 JUN 2013 Each of the preceding electronic search SEARCH methods has certain limitations that affect its AREA usefulness during darkness in instrument conditions In this discussion instrument conditions means weather conditions that compel the pilot and crew to operate and navigate the 42 0 aircraft by referencing onboard instruments and 4 navigational radios RAD Darkness and poor weather reduces your ability to precisely determine your position and that impacts the effectiveness of all electronic search procedures The accuracy of the null vectors signal heard and signal fade points and points of equal meter signal strength all depend on your ability to accurately fix your position over the ground Even ground search efforts that follow LORAN VOR and GPS equipment can help regain some of this lost capability Other considerations relate to safety and qualifications The FAA requires that for flight in instrument conditions both pilot and airplane must VO
113. highest obstacle c Brief crew on expected visual cues d If possible fly the route at high altitude in one direction to check for hazards and then fly the other direction at lower altitude Proficiency Flight Profile a Review desired profile from CAPR 60 1 b Discuss mission objectives 123 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 15 c Sequence of events d Discuss simulated emergencies e Safety limits 1 Minimum simulated engine out altitude 2 Go around criteria Orientation Flight a Ensure all cadets have complete uniforms and IDs b All CAP cadets under age 18 c Review night and weather prohibitions d Brief emergencies and ground egress e Discuss airsickness and airsickness management 1 Visual dominance 2 Eyes on horizon 3 Hands on controls 4 Fly aircraft if not in a critical phase of flight 124 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 This page intentionally left blank 125 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 APPENDIX B AIRCREW FORMS MISSION INFORMATION SHEET Mission Name Phone number Safety Officer Admin Air Ops Officer Briefing Officer Debriefing Local FRO Object of Search Details Results Details Signed 126 Total Hobbs Time CAP MAS INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 MISSION PILOT SEARCH AREA WORKSHEET Date A C MSN PILOT PILOT OBS OBS SCN OBS SCN AIRPORT NAME CITY IDENTIFIER AIRSPACE ELEVATION UNICOM FREQ ATIS AWOS ASOS MSL IN OUT HOBBS T
114. hile the pilot can concentrate on staying within defined search airspace The collapsing box can be used in conjunction with all other DF methods and electronic search patterns It is another tool in your arsenal 79 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 BASIC GROUND ELT SEARCH FOR AIRCREWS An aircrew may be able to get to the source of an ELT quicker than an associated ground team if the ELT is located on an airport Many aircraft accidents occur within close proximity to the airport and frequently in the takeoff or landing phases When an MM UR ER ELT is found to be on or very near an airport one might think of the aircrew as an Airmobile DF Team Aircrews should therefore be aa familiar with the use of ground portable DF gear the venerable Little L ALARM Per The good news is that the theory and operation is the same only you must turn your body instead of the aircraft once you set up the L Per You will find that operation is almost identical to that of a single meter aircraft DF unit Of course you have to have a Little L Per with you for this to work That s something to think about when you pack the aircraft for the mission Additionally you should advise mission base of your intentions MP MAX Z to DF the signal after landing You should attempt to do this prior to descent as you will likely be out of radio contact once you land 6 STEPS TO ELT LOCATION ON THE GROUND These should look very fam
115. ht Line Supervisor and Safety Officer Close FAA Flight Plan call FRO Sign personnel and aircraft into the mission Administration Complete and submit Inbound 104 keep a copy Report any special equipment to Logistics cameras camcorder slow scan repeater Inquire about fuel billing lodging transportation and meals Note time to report for duty and ask for sortie assignment get briefing packet eneral Briefing Mandatory attendance Normally at beginning of each operational period updated via status boards and announcements Summary of situation and objectives Mission base orientation status boards logistics supply facilities Current and forecast weather Plans safety communications flight line and taxi and time hack ircrew Assignment Briefing Detailed briefing prior to each sortie pay attention and ask questions Include entire aircrew if space allows Ensure you get enough information to fill out the left front of the CAPF 104 1 Objectives and Search Area Route 2 Terrain Ground cover 3 Direction of tracks track spacing search altitude and airspeed 4 Hazards to flight and military routes local and search area 5 Aircraft separation 6 Weather local and search area 7 Communications call signs frequencies and procedures 8 Actions to be taken if target sighted 9 Estimated time of departure and time enroute 10 Inbound and Outbound headings and altitudes 11 Whether using Local preferred or Zulu time 12 Type
116. ick Reference information from Tennessee Wing 30 Texas Wing s Aerial Photo Guide 31 Mississippi Wing SSTV Guide which was based on Louisiana s guide which was based on Arkansas Guide 32 USAF CRM Supplement 33 BECKER SAR DF 517 information and additional graphics provided by Manuel A Alfaro Florida Wing 34 BECKER SAR DF 517 installation and user s manual www beckerusa com 35 Collapsing Box information provided by Maj Earl W Burress Jr CAP 36 SDIS Checklist by Col Gary Hewett South Dakota Wing 37 Search Turn Radius by Col Gary Hewett and Maj Scott E Lanis CAP 38 Incident Response Pocket Guide National Wildfire Coordinating Group January 2006 39 Carol Boche and Sandy Vernlund of the South Dakota SAR Dog Association www SDSARDA org 40 FAA Order JO 7110 65 Air Traffic Control 41 Michael Bailey communications corrections redundancy elimination and Hawaii search considerations IQ Oo Ua 115 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 APPENDIX A BRIEFING GUIDE 1 Personal Preflight Actions 1 8 b FAA Personal Documents c CAP Personal Documents d Operation Risk Management 2 Crew Preflight Actions a Uniforms and dressed to egress b Documents c Crew Positions and Experience d Time Hack and Time Management e Crew Rest Nutrition and Duty Day Remaining 3 General Flight Planning Considerations for aircraft assigned a Weather and Crosswinds
117. ictim unless he is in immediate danger Hold hands on each side of head and do not let go until medical help arrives Upper extremity injuries Control bleeding if any Splint arm in position found using available materials Use a sling and cravats long skinny ties to limit motion Seek medical attention Ice may slow bleeding and swelling Lower extremity injuries These can cause serious internal bleeding and there can be external bleeding too Call for medical help Control bleeding and treat for shock Splint the limb with available materials without moving the limb Do not allow victim to bear weight on limb as there may be a fracture HEAT EXHAUSTION AND HEAT STROKE Heat Exhaustion skin is normal temperature skin is moist and pale Victim may have a headache be nauseated and exhausted Cool person immediately Give small amounts of fluids Get the person to medical help Heat Stroke this is a life threatening emergency Call 911 at once Skin is hot and dry Body temperature may be as hot as 106 degrees Maintain airway and breathing Cool victim as rapidly as possible using cool wet towels or sheets COLD EXPOSURE HYPOTHERMIA Symptoms shivering numbness of fingers and toes decreasing level of consciousness poor coordination slurred speech Treatment remove any wet clothing Handle victim very gently as moving can cause a heart rate irregularity Cover victim with warm blankets Do not rub hands or feet to avoid tissue damage SE
118. iliar as they are essentially the same as the 6 steps for locating an ELT from the air RECeive Set the proper frequency and turn the mode selector to RECeive and adjust the volume to a comfortable level HALF Now that the unit is in RECeive mode and you have a good signal turn the Sensitivity Knob to HALF SCALE This is in the center of the window A half scale strength reading will prevent too much signal over sense from entering the unit and will provide you with a good starting point It is also the optimum for the DF homing antennas DF Turn the mode selector know to DF it really stands for Direction Finding You can think of the needle as always pointing Direct to Follow target TURN Turn at least one FULL circle noting where the DF needle centers Under ideal conditions the needle will center twice Once when facing directly at the source of the signal and once when facing 180 away from the target You will solve this problem called ambiguity in the next step CHECK Use Turn to Tell Remembering that in DF mode the needle always points Direct to the Follow target When you have the needle centered turn left or right If you turn left and the needle goes left the ELT is 180 from your present heading If you turn left and the needle turns right the ELT is dead ahead SHOOT Use a and compass to determine the direction to the ELT You should be within walking distance of the ELT if you located it from the aircraft so consider
119. ircraft sink fairly rapidly after ditching 92 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SCANNING REDUCING THE EFFECTS OF FATIGUE The art of scanning is more physically demanding and requires greater concentration than mere sight seeing In order to maintain the effectiveness of all scanning crewmembers an observer must be aware of his own fatigue level and that of the scanner or scanners The following tips can help the observer direct appropriate actions and maintain scanning effectiveness Change scanning positions at 30 to 60 minute intervals if aircraft size permits Rotate scanners from one side of the aircraft to the other if two or more scanners are present Find a comfortable position and move around to stretch when necessary Clean aircraft windshields and windows Dirty windows accelerate onset of eye fatigue and can reduce visibility by up to 50 percent Scan through open hatches or windows whenever practical At night use red lights and keep them dimmed to reduce reflection and glare Use binoculars to check sightings made first by the naked eye Focus on a close object like the wing tip on a regular basis The muscles of the eye get tired when you focus far away for and extended period of time Focus on a distant object on or near the horizon when beginning scanning then follow through with your scanning technique This will ensure your eyes are focused at an appropriate distance to recognize a search objective prevents co
120. irdrop KEEPING UP WITH THE GROUND TEAM L m d s AIRCRAFT ACTION Aircraft approaches the vehicle from the rear and turns in a normal manner right or left to re approach the vehicle from the rear Circle back as necessary using oval patterns and flying over the team from behind indicating that they should continue The majority of the flight path should be behind the ground team as though the aircraft were pushing it This process of circling back and pushing may be referred to as a Daisy Chain Daisy Chain over the ground team as long as necessary DESIRED TEAM ACTION Continue driving in indicated direction along this road TURNING THE GROUND TEAM AROUND AIRCRAFT ACTION Aircraft approaches the vehicle from the rear and then turns sharply right or left in front of the vehicle while in motion Then flies directly at over the ground vehicle Circle back or repeat as necessary flying against the team s direction of travel then take up the keeping up procedure outlined above DESIRED TEAM ACTION Turn vehicle around and proceed in direction indicated 53 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 TURN THE GROUND TEAM AIRCRAFT ACTION Aircraft approaches the vehicle from the rear and then turns sharply right or left in front of the vehicle while in motion Circle back as necessary using oval patterns and flying over the team from behind indicating that they should con
121. isk of collision disorientation or IFR Terrain The higher the land the greater the possibility of controlled flight into terrain Night Ops Night VFR is higher risk than day Night IFR is statistically the riskiest of all Airfield More incidents occur at airfields unfamiliar to the pilot than at the home field ADDITIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES SUGGESTED RISK VALUES CAPF 5 amp 91 Forced landing simulations or engine cuts add greatly to checkride risk Overwater Being further than gliding distance increases the hazard of the mission CD Overwater Lack of an immersion suit makes long overwater trips a no go in cold water Use Values Assigned As Maximums Assign Lower As Appropriate CAP AIF ORM INST REV 01 AUG 09 LOCAL REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZED CIVIL AIR PATROL 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 13 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 FAA FLIGHT PLAN In numerical order for use via telephone or in flight 9 Destination name airport and city 1 Type VFR IFR DVFR 10 Estimated Time Enroute hours min 2 Aircraft Identification 11 Remarks N number 3 A C Type and Equipment 12 Fuel On Board hour min 4 True Airspeed 13 Alternate Airport s 5 Departure Point 14 Pilot s name address tel Z a c home base 6 Proposed Departure Time Z 15 Number Aboard 7 Cruising Altitude 16 Color of Aircraft 8 Route of Flight 17 Close Flight Plan w FSS TIME STARTED SPECIALIST INITIALS U S DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT
122. it fades If the radio volume has not been adjusted the signal fades and signal heard positions should be approximately equidistant from the ELT To determine the approximate location of the ELT the observer draws lines to connect each set of signal heard and signal fade positions At the midpoint of each of these new lines or chord lines the observer constructs a bisector a perpendicular line that points toward the center of the search area The point where these bisectors intersect is the approximate location of the ELT Figure 10 6 illustrates the connection of the signal heard and signal fade positions with the chord lines the perpendicular bisectors converging toward the center of the search area and the intersection over the probable location of the ELT Once the observer establishes the approximate location of the missing aircraft the pilot flies to that location and the crew begins a low altitude visual search The crew must remember that locating the ELT in this fashion is not precise The determination is approximate because the area of equal signal strength on which this procedure is based is seldom if ever perfectly circular The perpendicular bisectors rarely intersect directly over the objective However a low altitude visual search of the general area can help compensate for lack of precise location This pattern is based on the assumption that the area of equal beacon signal strength is circular When using this p
123. it is clear of the horizontal stabilizer 3 RELEASE WHEN DIRECTLY OVER THE TARGET It is a common misconception that the object when dropped will move considerably forward along the path of the aircraft but practical experience shows us that the object will slow down to a dead fall very quickly Asa general aiming guide in Cessna aircraft release the object when the target crosses the landing gear strut of the aircraft see included figure If you follow this method your greatest errors will occur in early or late releases that will result in your container hitting short or long of the target Your distance to the left or right of centerline will be minimal even in considerable crosswind Important Notes 1 Keep the object to be dropped LIGHT this way if it inadvertently hits something of value even the tail of your own aircraft it will cause little or no damage 2 Use radio coordination with personnel on the ground whenever it is possible to ensure you can make a drop in the safest manner possible 61 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION V ELECTRONIC SEARCH L TRONICS AIR DF SINGLE METER MODELS SENS VOL L Tronics L TRONICS DF PREFLIGHT FUNCTIONAL CHECK SINGLE METER MODELS 1 Select 121 5 2 Receive Mode 3 Turn Sensitivity to Maximum Full Clockwise 4 Tum Avionics Master On Aircraft Power to Unit 5 Turn Volume Up Until Hissing Sound Is Heard Check Annunciator Panel 6 Strength Meter Should Read About
124. l the point has been crossed from all the angles as shown above The sector search has several advantages e it provides concentrated coverage near the center of the search area e itis easier to fly than the expanding square pattern it provides the opportunity to view the suspected area from many angles so terrain and lighting problems can be minimized CONTOUR SEARCH This search allows mountain slopes and valleys to be searched thoroughly Used when sharp changes in elevation make other search patterns impracticable Work high to low fly down canyons and elevation not up Perform a thorough survey prior to flying box canyons eat airplanes Mountain Search Flying requires a great deal of specialized training This search pattern is for qualified aircrews only 89 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 OBJECT VISIBILITY A table of average visibility limitations as applied to specific objects is as follows Person in Life Jacket Mile Person in Small Life Raft Mile Crash in Wooded Area Mile Crash on Desert or Open Plain 2 Miles Person on Desert or Open Plain Mile or Less VISUAL SEARCHING CLUES Looking for the following things can help you locate and identify a missing aircraft e Light colored objects or sunlight reflections on metal trash pile appearance don t expect to find anything that resembles an aircraft e Discolored snow Horsetails caused by wind blowing loose snow over an obst
125. light Manual AFM Weight and Balance Data airframe specific INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 DOCUMENTS AND MINIMUM EQUIPMENT Federal Aviation Regulations Part 91 Subpart C 91 203 amp 205 Certificates and Documents Airworthiness certificate Registration certificate Operating limitations placards and instrument markings PIC checks all passengers credentials before obtaining a flight release Minimum operable equipment VFR Day Airspeed indicator Altimeter Magnetic direction indicator Tachometer Oil pressure gauge Oil temperature gauge Manifold pressure gauge Fuel gauge for each fuel tank Landing gear position indicator Aviation red or white anti collision light system aircraft certificated after March 11 1996 Safety belt for each occupant Shoulder harness for each front seat aircraft certificated after July 18 1978 Shoulder harness for each seat aircraft certificated after December 12 1986 ELT Minimum operable equipment VFR Night All required for VFR Day Position lights i e red green and white steady burning lights Aviation red or white anti collision light system e g flashing or rotating lights An adequate source of electrical energy for all installed electrical and radio equipment One spare set of fuses or three separate fuses of each kind required that are accessible to the pilot in flight Minimum operable equipment IFR All required for VFR Day and or Night as
126. low Cross left to right or passing on the right side can also be added The Observer and Scanner should understand their clearing responsibilities and should realize that a traffic call takes precedence over radio communications and non safety related activity The observer will continue to watch the traffic and talk the pilots eyes to the conflict if necessary The pilot will acknowledge with Traffic in sight and may consider a wing rock to make their aircraft more visible to the conflicting traffic Observers should recognize that over 7096 of midair collisions occur at uncontrolled airports in clear weather conditions Everyone has a voice PIC is final authority Jn a safety situation each crewmember should be able to give inputs but the pilot makes the ultimate decision It is not intended to be a debate If the crewmember feels an unsafe situation is developing call knock it off and terminate the sortie If the pilot is getting too much information at any specific time tell the crew to Stand by and get the input later If the information is safety of flight related consider implementing the two challenge rule or knock it off as appropriate Sterile Cockpit altitudes and phases of flight Sterile cockpit requires the crew to limit conversation to mission and safety related topics while in critical phases of flight Sterile cockpit is typically enforced during traffic pattern operations below 800 feet and while the crew is exe
127. lude C 182s Change 3 1 NOV 06 Fixed amp improved visual signal tables Rearranging allowed to shorten by 1 page and eliminate 1 blank page New Creeping Line Search diagram Desired changes Add On Scene Commander Checklist Insert index alphabetized quick reference Put in current ICS forms when available i Change 4 1 MAY 2007 p97 Added SAR Drug Dog information based on dog O flights p97 Moved relocation information paragraph to page 96 Change 5 Release 07 1 14 Jul 2007 Fixed cell grid information added Alaskan Numbered Grid Change 6 Release 08 01 Draft Date 1 Jan 2008 p110 Removed Seconds to Decimal Degrees Table extraneous Change 7 p13 Fixed flight plan Page reference p107 Added G1000 reference amp updated ARNAV 5000 GX55 p43 Updated Flight Service Station information Change 8 p136 137 added Scanner Photographer worksheets Change 9 30 APR 2010 Various punctuation grammar and spelling throughout Updated to NHQ release format p27 changed format on page and added two lines References to CPF and CAP FLIGHT changed to CAP p3 amp 27 Updated 60 1 shoulder harness requirements in several locations p2 added GPS database Fire EX and corrosion control exp dates p4 amp 5 Updated 60 1 minimum altitude requirements p12 amp 13 Updated ORM to match the NHQ AIF p14 Updated FAA Form 7233 1 Change 10 04 April 2011 p41 Changed language to incorporate new
128. lume during this search you will need it to determine equal levels of signal Begin by plotting your position as soon as you receive the ELT signal Fly that course for a short distance then turn 90 left or right and proceed until the signal fades e Turn around 180 and mark where the signal fades on the other side of the circle Plot chord lines similar to that of the diagram e Bisect the chord lines at a perpendicular e Plot a course to the location where the perpendicular lines intersect this should be the location of the target The aural or hearing search technique is based on an assumption that an ELT s area of apparent equal signal strength is circular Throughout this procedure the observer must not adjust the receiver volume A constant volume helps assure that signal heard and signal fade positions will remain consistent Also once you begin the procedure make all turns in the same direction as the first turn if terrain permits The observer begins the 74 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 aural search by plotting the search plane s position when the ELT tone is first heard The pilot continues flying in the same direction for a short distance then turns 90 left or right and proceeds until the tone volume fades The observer charts the aircraft position where the tone volume fades The pilot then reverses aircraft direction and the observer again marks on the map the positions where the signal is heard again and where
129. m but that will take a great deal of time At a minimum you should prearrange the call sign and frequency to be used by both you and the ground team You should also get a description of the vehicle if it has distinguishing characteristics such as numbers or an arrow on the roof so much the better You should also attempt to work off of the same exact map the ground team will likely not have a Sectional Chart and you will likely not carry a State Highway map Get on the same sheet of music before you depart State Topographic Atlases are usually good for this purpose If you are using a predetermined rendezvous location it is a good idea to set up a window of time that the ground team should be in place This prevents assets from being wasted sitting in a parking lot Typically this window is plus or minus half an hour but aircrews should also consider the fact that most ground teams can only average 45 50 mph on the highway Even one wrong turn can make it difficult to meet a window If the aircraft is going to proceed with the ground team it can use a race track pattern over the vehicle daisy chain or it can fly a creeping line profile paralleling the vehicle crossing and then paralleling again AIR TO GROUND 2 WAY RADIO COMMUNICATION FAILURE IS RECOGNIZED When Air To Ground Two Way Radio Communication Failure Between Aircrew amp Ground Team is recognized proceed with the following 2 WAY AIR TO GROUND COMMUNICATION FAILURE DURING DAYTIME
130. m vehicle stops 3 The Aircraft can attempt 1 way communication with the ground team using its Little L Per as a radio receiver Using an aviation communications radio transmit on 121 775 121 6 122 9 123 1 MHz or whatever has been briefed Avoid using 121 5 MHz If the ground team is listening for the ELT on a particular frequency you can but should avoid transmit over it to get the ground team s attention GO 121 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 12 4 Ground team waves and flashes headlights repeatedly when the message has been received 5 If the message has not been received keep trying or proceed with no radio air to ground coordination as described in this section below 2 WAY AIR TO GROUND COMMUNICATION FAILURE AT NIGHT 1 Aircraft circles as in the day 2 Ground team will stop and shut off headlights 3 Aircrew will attempt to contact over Little L Per as described above 4 Ground team flashes headlights repeatedly when the message has been received 5 If the message has not been received keep trying or proceed with no radio air to ground coordination as described in this section below If none of these procedures is effective and the action is necessary to save a life an aircrew can consider executing a message drop airdrop Follow the direction of the aircraft turns at intersections Circling aircraft is directing ground team to proceed to that location Ground team can be directed to proceed indepe
131. mals As discussed above there are many things to look for during your sortie Some specific things to look for are Breaks in pavement railways bridges dams levees pipelines runways and structures Roads streets blocked by water debris or landslide Same for helipads and runways Downed power lines Ruptured water lines this may have a major impact on firefighting capabilities Motorists in distress or major accidents Alternate routes for emergency vehicles or evacuation Distress signals from survivors NOTE Local units should become proficient in identifying their neighborhoods major facilities and roads streets from the air At each site besides sketching or highlighting the extent of the damage on local maps and identifying access egress routes you should record Lat long Description Type and extent of damage Photo number or time reference for videotape Status e g the fire is out the fire is spreading to the northeast or the floodwaters are receding After the sortie remember to replenish your supplies and recharge batteries RELOCATION MISSION If applicable conduct a thorough passenger briefing in accordance with CAPR 60 1 The passenger briefing guide in this publication will cover most concerns Plan your flight as thoroughly as possible to ensure your precious cargo arrives safely These missions may vary greatly based upon cargo passengers and all other surrounding circumstances 97 I
132. med lost on the same route The mission planner has selected 2 mile track spacing for the search You can store the two points lat long coordinates as waypoints 1 and 2 in the LORAN or GPS database If you select a course of 1 to 2 the LORAN or GPS will show direct course from Point A to Point and also show how many nautical miles the aircraft is left or right of course If you re on course you can turn slightly right away from the course until the LORAN or GPS shows one mile right and then return to the planned heading no wind deliberately but accurately flying the leg one mile off course Remember on the track crawl the first pass is at one half the track spacing of passes that will follow If another pass is needed on the opposite side of the objective s suspected track reverse the waypoint order so that the LORAN or GPS will display data for the return course from waypoint 2 to waypoint 1 You can then fly one mile off course on the opposite side while going in the opposite direction If a third leg is necessary reverse the points again and add two miles to the deliberate off course distance The next leg is then three miles right of the direct LORAN GPS course It will be the pilot s job to maintain the desired off course distance Just like when keeping the DF or VOR needles centered he will make only very slight course corrections to keep the aircraft at the desired off course spacing If the search h
133. n the pilot Make sure you do not get entangled in seat belts or headset cords C172 C182 example c Should an emergency landing be required we will unlatch the doors prior to touchdown 4 SAFETY items to be discussed at the aircraft PRIOR TO STARTING the aircraft a Please let me know right away if i you see another aircraft ii something looks physically wrong with the aircraft such as something loose or hanging down ili you hear a strange new noise iv you feel sick or develop a medical problem v you are uncomfortable with or just don t like the way things are going b During takeoff and landing please limit conversations to essential communications only The pilot needs to concentrate on operating the aircraft safely and may not have time to talk We call this sterile cockpit The pilot may wave their hand at any time if they need you to be quiet 5 ASK ALL CREW AND PASSENGERS Do you have any questions 27 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIRCREW FUNCTIONAL AREA CHECKLISTS MISSION PILOT Extract from CAPR 55 1 Attachment 3 Change 2 5 Oct 1999 out of print Note the text remains here exactly as it was written in CAPR 55 1 regardless of possible additional requirements or changes as laid out in other CAP guidance MISSION PILOT Equipment needed for the mission Appropriate dress for the mission gloves sunglasses uniform appropriate for climate and terrain All credentials current and carried pilot certificate
134. n this document is designated by the Department of Defense DoD as For Official Use Only FOUO and may not be released to anyone without the prior permission of the NHQ DOK and CAP USAF PHONE NUMBERS FREQUENCIES amp SQUAWKS ACTUAL SAR AVIATION BAND 123 1 MHz NATIONAL CAP HQ ES CD DDR 334 953 4220 PRACTICE SAR AVIATION BAND 122 9 MHz CAP Operations Fax Back 334 953 2599 AFRCC Missions Only 800 851 3051 AFRCC Tyndall FL 877 430 0781 Emergency 121 5 MHz Squawk 7700 AFRCC Admin 804 764 8117 Radio INOP NORDO Squawk 7600 TIME HACK 202 762 1401 303 499 7111 General Flight Service 122 2 MHz In flight Weather Flightwatch 122 0 MHz FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS Flight service stations within the contiguous United States are now under FAA contract to Lockheed Martin Flight Services Simply call the 800 number listed below and you will be routed to a flight service station 800 WX BRIEF 800 992 7433 43 INFLIGHT GUIDE 4 FOWER 5 ET NET 8 PHONETIC FIGURES NUMBERS Number Spoken As Number Spoken As 0 20 1 9 1 X 2 7070 3 THUREE 20 JUN 2013 Numbers are usually transmitted digit by digit but there are some exceptions to that rule For example 10 000 is often transmitted as TEN THOUSAND instead of ONE ZERO THOUSAND and radio frequencies are usually expressed like ONE TWENTY EIGHT POINT ONE
135. nd Fly Distance L or Time TL on Hew Bearing eg 270 9 At Distance 5 2 from Edge of Grid Turn Left 90 deg and Fly Distance S or Time TS on Hew Bearing eg 180 10 Turn Left 90 deg and Fly Distance L or Time Hew Bearing eg 090 11 Repeat Steps 7 10 to Complete Coverage 0 TUN 20 Hote Headings required to Bearings Example Sector Search Sector Search Bearings TO Waypoint on Spokes 1 Create User Waypoint at Center of Secto sumes 19 ums 2 Press DTO and select User Waypoint to Radius Distance fly Direct 3 Press ENT and Monitor HAV Page 1 65 10 4 Monitor Bearing amp Distance to to Waypoint Arriving on an Even Bearing eg 270 020 13 155 5 Begin Search at Distance S from Waypoint eso 6 Fly Distance S Past Waypoint on same 90 70 Heading At Waypoint Passage Bearing will flip 180 deg eg 90 7 Turn Right 110 deg and Fly until New S 35 0 Bearing Old Bearing 45 deg eg 135 180 25 31 ooo 8 Turn Right 110 deg to New Bearing 9 Repeat Steps 5 8 to Complete Coverage la 45 Hote Headings required to fly Bearings 107 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 GARMIN G1000 The Garmin G1000 avionics suite can be used very effectively for SAR and or other CAP operations The G1000 can include a SAR package but still is highly effective without this package See individual G1000 SAR supplements for such operations ARNAV ST
136. ndently if comm fails Airdrop Procedures Only to prevent loss of life Prep airdrop kit or message drop Fly 800 foot traffic pattern over target complete rectangle Analyze hazards towers birds terrain Configure aircraft 80 knots or faster NEVER slower than approach speed for configuration Descend to 500 feet or safe altitude Fly second rectangular pattern with a 3 mile final 122 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 13 14 g Observer opens window h Observer steers aircraft to place drop zone DZ under right wheel 3 Use Left turn Stop turn Right turn etc 4 Anyone May Call NO DROP to abort that run in i Pilot flies aircraft in 1 G level stable flight j Observer releases the drop container directly over the DZ k Observer secures window and after the object is clear the pilot initiates a climb 1 Fly another rectangular pattern at 800 feet to determine success m Safety Considerations 1 Do not call Green light or Bombs Away This could cause the pilot to pull up or maneuver 2 Pilot should not be concerned with the timing of the release 3 Pilot should not look over shoulder to determine accuracy 4 Pilot should not climb or descend during the drop this can cause the dropped object to strike the aircraft tail Low Level and Disaster Relief Flight a Plot legs and locate highest obstacle within 5 miles b Determine minimum leg altitude by adding 100 feet to the
137. nearest 1 degree Grid Turn and IK to enter Sub grid and Direction eg 18AA3 Limited to 15x15 or 30x30 Grid Turn OK to Spacing 0 Turn IK to enter Track Spacing 1 Turn OK to Direction 2 Turn IK to enter Corner Dir 3 Press ENTER 4 Press ENTER 5 Turn IK to eelect Scale 5 Press GRD to View Grid Lines GIS SeciMin SeciMin amp nots NMiMin_ Sec NM Long Ew Lat NiS 60 1 0 60 49 60 70 12 51 42 51 80 13 45 37 45 90 1 5 40 33 40 100 1 7 36 29 36 110 1 8 33 27 33 120 2 0 30 25 30 80 or Lat N S Required for 90 SR Tum SAR Setup US 1 Press MAP 2 Turn OK CCW to Map Setup Page 3 Press SEL 4 Press RTE to select Yes 5 Press ORI to select North 6 Press REF to select Plane T Press ENTER 8 Turn CCWx2 to SAR Map Setup Page 9 Press SEL 10 Press SAR to select On 11 Press GRD to select 1 6 12 Press POS 13 Turn IK to select STL LUK MEM or ATL 14 Press ENTER Outer Knob IK Inner Knob APPROX MIN MILE LAT 1 0 MIN MILE LONG 1 2 MIN MILE Parallel Line Search US 1 Press MAP 2 Turn OK CCWx to SAR Map Page 3 Press PAT 4 Turn IK to Parallel Line 5 Press ENTER 6 Press SEL Current Grid Z Displayed 7 Turn OK and IK to change Grid and Direction eg 137A1 Hote Limited to 7 5x7 5 Grid 8 Turn OK to Spacing 9 Turn IK to enter Track Spacing 10 Turn
138. nnect camera cable See green satellite icon Secure equipment Record satellite information SDIS Status Window Connect to Satellite Phone l QV A END Mission Number Setup Send Trial Phone Message Nikon Cameras Take Photos with Nikon Cameras Shut off camera Connect 101 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 HIGH BIRD TASKING Acting As A High Bird If you are tasked specifically to act as a High Bird communications relay station you will want to have a scanner or observer who is highly proficient in radio communications Acting as a full time High Bird requires detailed messages and logs High Bird forms are located in Appendix B To act as a communications relay simply take a message from the interested party and relay it to the other party It is generally a good idea to write down details but not required If tasked as a high bird the radio operator should record a log of all communications If the High Bird aircraft is carrying a temporary airborne air mobile repeater Per CAPR 100 1 Volume 1 a qualified control operator will be present in the aircraft to monitor the repeater s operation LOW LEVEL ROUTE SURVEY Refer to local requirements when flying this sort of mission Typically though military units that maintain low lever routes military training routes or MTRs will ask you to fly the route to survey for new obstructions towers and or airfields Useful information may also include airfields on or nearby the
139. nt for the time it would take to roll in and out of the desired angle of bank You may need to interpolate between tables Example a C 172 is flying a North South grid search at approximately 90 KTAS and 45 Latitude The distance between minute lines of longitude is 0 71 NM so the turn radius is 0 35 NM which equates to a bank angle of 19 to turn no wind from on leg to another b 21 HERE Latitude 35 Latitude 37 Latitude 39 Latitude 41 Radius 0 41 Radius 040 Radius 0 39 Radius 0 38 NM Dia 0 82 NM Dia 0 80 NM Dia 0 78 NM Dia 075 TAS BANK TAS BANK TAS BANK TAS BANK 80 13 80 13 80 14 80 14 90 16 90 17 90 17 90 17 100 20 100 20 100 21 100 21 110 23 110 24 110 24 110 25 120 27 120 28 120 28 120 29 130 31 130 32 130 32 130 33 140 35 140 36 140 36 140 37 Latitude 43 Latitude 45 Latitude 47 Latitude ALL Radius 0 37 Radius 0 35 Radius 0 34 Radius 0 50 NM Dia 0 73 NM Dia 0 71 NM Dia 0 68 E WLeg 1 00 TAS BANK TAS BANK TAS BANK TAS BANK 80 14 80 15 80 15 80 11 90 18 90 19 90 19 90 13 100 22 100 22 100 23 100 16 110 26 110 27 110 27 110 19 120 30 120 31 120 32 120 23 130 34 130 35 130 36 130 26 140 38 140 39 140 40 140 30 87
140. ny additional information AFRCC input NTAP 23 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 10 Electronic Search SARSAT hits Plot Lat Longs independently and compare Conduct DF Unit Preflight Set 121 5 on VHF with squelch off Discuss wing shadowing if necessary Discuss Low visibility IMC procedures 1 File wedge off Navigational Aids 2 Determine maximum minimum DME limits 3 Fly cardinal headings using collapsing box 11 Air to Ground Coordination Ensure aircrew and ground team have copies of each other s maps or at least the same type like sectionals or state highway maps if possible The aircrew must make an effort to cover the following information with the ground team in the brief a b e Call sign and frequency of ground team Rendezvous location and arrival window If a running rendezvous is being made the aircraft can proceed to a set of coordinates and radio them to the ground team Aircrews must be given a window to meet the ground team Typically this is a half hour Aircrews should also consider the fact that most ground teams can only average 45 50 mph on the highway Even one wrong turn can make it difficult to meet a window less than 30 minutes long If the aircraft is going to proceed with the ground team it can use a race track pattern over the vehicle or can fly a creeping line profile paralleling the vehicle crossing and then paralleling again Vehicle description Back up communications over
141. o 500 feet or safe altitude Fly second rectangular pattern with a 3 mile final Observer opens window Observer steers aircraft to place drop zone DZ under right wheel 1 Use Left turn Stop turn Right turn etc 2 Anyone May Call NO DROP to abort that run in Pilot flies aircraft in 1 G level stable flight Observer releases the drop container directly over the DZ Observer secures window and pilot initiates a climb Fly another rectangular pattern at 800 feet to determine success m Safety Considerations 1 Do not call Green light or Bombs Away This could cause the pilot to pull up or maneuver 2 Pilot should not be concerned with the timing of the release 3 Pilot should not look over shoulder to determine accuracy 4 Pilot should not climb or descend during the drop this can cause the dropped object to strike the aircraft tail 13 Low Level and Disaster Relief Flight This procedure provides general guidelines additional details will be mission specific a b 4 Plot legs and locate highest obstacle within 5 miles Determine minimum leg altitude by adding 100 feet to the highest obstacle Brief crew on expected visual cues If possible fly the route at high altitude in one direction to check for hazards and then fly the other direction at lower altitude 25 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 14 Proficiency Flight Profile Review desired profile from CAPR 60 1 Discuss mission
142. o get a MOMENT A calculator is highly recommended Many people will divide this number by 1000 to simplify the addition of the moments The ARM for each station can be found in your Pilot s Operating Handbook POH Add all the weights and moments to get TOTALS Divide the TOTAL MOMENT by the TOTAL WEIGHT to find an ARM this is your center of gravity CG If you divided moments by 1000 as in the sample below you must then multiply your answer by 1000 to get the CG Ensure your CG is within the published range from your POH Ensure you do not exceed the maximum gross weight as published in your POH SAMPLE WEIGHT AND BALANCE C 172 SAMPLE WEIGHT MOMENT 1000 Basic Empty Weight 1685 39 59 66 70 Front Seats za en Rear Seat mam Te Dasgapesrea CE Baggage Area 2 C 172 max 504 123 00 000 Fuel Gallons 6 GAL 210 48 00 10 08 pounds per Gallon 35 43 36 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 C 172 180HP WEIGHT x ARM MOMENT WEIGHT amp BALANCE 1000 mum mI pL Baggage Area 1 C 172 max 1207 Baggage Area 2 C 172 max 504 The maximum allowable combined weight capacity for baggage areas 1 and 2 is 120 lbs pue pounds per Gallon p imi 25504 Max 2600 2500 2400 2300 I 2200 I 2100 G 2000 H 1900 I 1800 1700 1600 1500 mp 37 38 39 40 AIRPLANE C G LOCATION INCHES AFT OF DATUM INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 C
143. objectives Sequence of events Discuss simulated emergencies Safety limits 1 Minimum simulated engine out altitude 2 Go around criteria 15 Orientation Flight Review differences when flying ROTC orientation flights a Ensure all cadets have complete uniforms and IDs b All CAP cadets under age 18 C d 2 3 4 Review night and weather prohibitions Brief emergencies and ground egress Discuss airsickness and airsickness management 1 Visual dominance Eyes on horizon If the cadet is airsick have them pick a spot on the horizon to focus on Hands on controls Sometimes putting a finger on the yoke can make the cadet feel like they are flying the aircraft and can eliminate airsickness Fly aircraft if not in a critical phase of flight Allowing the cadet to operate the controls will typically eliminate most airsickness 26 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 GENERAL PASSENGER BRIEFING 1 Items to be discussed PRIOR TO MOVING out to aircraft a Please don t enter the flight operations area or come near the aircraft until invited by the line personnel or pilot b Always stay well clear of the propeller even if the engine is not running It can be dangerous c Please don t touch the controls d During today s flight you will hear a variety of noises most of which are normal Please ask me about anything you consider unusual e Smoking is not permitted on or near this aircraft at any time 2 Items to b
144. on The type of airplane or boat that contained the ELT EPIRB The N number or hull number of the airplane or boat Names of law enforcement officers and other personnel that assisted you add to your list for future missions The name address and phone number for the owner of the ELT EPIRB The cause of activation e g mishandling damaged unit broken switch or hard landing If information can be easily obtained 144
145. on back to me exactly as received INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 sze THIS IS A DIRECTED Used by the Net Control Station NCS to establish the type of net being operated as a free net Check ins are accepted but are not solicited TIME The figures that follow are the Date Time Group DTG of this message TO The addressee s who are to take action and to whom this message is to be delivered are as follows station s call sign PROCEDURE notice PROCEDURE entire message or portion indicated with the originator and send the verified version used by receiving station GENE must pause for a few seconds Standby Do not transmit Wait for me to continue with my transmission the proword OUT is not used WAIT OUT must pause for more than a few seconds This contact is terminated until call you MEE The net can continue have received and understood will comply Note Since the meaning of the proword ROGER is included the two prowords are not used together WORD BEFORE The word to which I have reference is that which precedes 7 WRONG Your last transmission was incorrect The correct version is You should express your call sign phonetically when calling entering reentering joining or rejoining a net and when difficult operating conditions may result in confusion or mistaken identity At all other times phonetic expression of call signs is not required CODE WORDS Because the freq
146. on ready E FAA Weather Briefing and Flight Release 1 Perform Weight amp Balance reflecting weights for the crew special equipment and baggage a Include fuel assumptions fuel burn winds power setting distance and fuel stop b Ensure fuel reserve land with one hour s fuel computed at normal cruise 2 Verify within flight time and duty limitations CAPR 60 1 Chapter 2 Obtain FAA briefing ask for FDC and Local NOTAMs and SUA status and file FAA Flight Plan a Enter CAP XXXX in the Aircraft Identification section b Putthe N number in the Remarks section Fill out Inbound CAPF 104 or 84 leave copy for FRO 5 Brief the crew on your fuel management plan assumptions refueling stops and reserve FDC and Local NOTAMs and Special Use Airspaces 6 Review I M S A F E and obtain Flight Release 7 Request Flight Following F Preflight Ensure proper entries in the Flight Log e g mission number amp symbol crew amp FRO names Check starting Tach and Hobbs times to ensure you won t exceed limits e g oil change gt Review the Discrepancy Log and make sure the aircraft is airworthy and mission ready While pre flighting verify any outstanding discrepancies If new discrepancies discovered log them and ensure the aircraft is still airworthy and mission ready Be extra thorough on unfamiliar aircraft Verify load is per your Weight amp Balance baggage survival kit extra equipment and luggage Double
147. oot corrected for environmental or topographical conditions such as snow wind mountains and rivers Many factors are considered before establishing a possibility area but it is the largest geographic area in which the aircraft might be found Probability Area This is a smaller area within the maximum possibility area where in the judgment of the mission coordinator or planners there is an increased likelihood of locating the objective aircraft or survivor Distress signals sightings radar track data intended destination and the flight plan are typical factors that help define the probability area s boundaries The geographic area within which a missing aircraft is most likely to be Search Altitude This is the altitude that the search aircraft flies above the ground Track Spacing S The distance between adjacent ground tracks This distance is abbreviated in diagrams as S between adjacent visual or electronic search flight legs The idea here is for each search track to either touch or slightly overlap the previous one It is the pilot s task to navigate so that the aircraft s ground track develops proper track spacing Probability of Detection The likelihood expressed in a percent that a search airplane may locate the objective Probability of detection POD can be affected by weather terrain vegetation skill of the search crew and numerous other factors When planning search missions it is obviously more economical and
148. ourse maneuvering to maintain position behind the ground team vehicle Methods can include a creeping line maneuver or a series of racetrack patterns called the daisy chain Another method is the sawtooth This pattern is flown by when the aircraft establishes itself at the ground team vehicles 6 O Clock position The aircraft then makes a 60 degree turn away from the ground team vehicles heading typically to the right so the pilot can watch the vehicle to his left The pilot will normally fly this for approximately a minute and then execute a 60 degree turn back toward the road If it appears the aircraft will intercept the road ahead of the vehicle the pilot can adjust but turning farther aft of the ground team vehicle The crew can prevent passing the vehicle by flying the outbound leg farther on the next attempt This will increase the length of the inbound leg allowing the ground team to get farther down track before the aircraft reaches the road If the vehicle stops the aircraft will establish a racetrack shaped pattern aft of the vehicle The timing triangles should be adjusted for terrain obstacles and winding roads 55 e AIRCRAFT ACTION Aircraft performs alternating turns to INFLIGHT GUIDE remain behind the e a vehicle as much as possible 20 JUN 2013 KEEPING UP WITH THES ROUN TEAME AT TERNATE METHOD cle is UND away sho 1ming aircra 56 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIR TO GROUND VISUAL SIGNALS a Message re
149. owti at irregular intervals comply Performs an abrupt breakaway maneuver consisting of a Youma I understand climbing 90 turn without crossing the intercepted aircraft s E Fi Rocks wings and will flight path P comply Lowers landing gear follows the Land at this intercepting aircraft and lands if the runway airport is considered safe At night the pilot will also put the landing lights on I understand and will comply Circles airport lowers landing gear and over flies runway in the direction of landing At night the pilot will also put the landing lights on If the intercepted aircraft is requested to go Raises landing gear while flying over runway between 1 000 This airport is to an alternate airport the intercepting Understood and 2 000 and continues to circle the airport inadequate aircraft raises its landing gear and uses the follow me intercept procedures listed above At night the pilot of the intercepted aircraft will also flash To release the intercepted aircraft the Understood ge intercepting aircraft will perform you may landing lights while passing over the runway breakaway maneuver listed above proceed The pilot switches on and off all available lights at regular Cannot Performs the breakaway maneuver listed Understood intervals comply above The pilot switches on and off all available lights at irregular In distress Performs the breakaway maneuver listed Under
150. p on sleep eliminate sleep debt If normal sleep cannot be attained utilize more than one sleep period to attain normal hours of sleep naps Effective Use of Naps Naps can actually improve alertness The length of the nap is dictated be external and personal conditions Use the following guidelines Short Nap 30 45 minutes or less should be used just before duty or during breaks This minimizes the chances of entering a deep sleep Interruption during deep sleep is counterproductive and may increase the onset of fatigue Long Nap 2 hours or more Allows completion of one full sleep cycle that includes deep sleep This can be beneficial before a period of night duty or when sleep debt is high Good Sleep Habits The best way to combat fatigue is to utilize good sleep habits Eating a big meal before bed utilizing caffeine alcohol and nicotine plus adverse environmental conditions all interfere with good sleep patterns Rest periods must be given a priority and should be kept free from other commitments and activities Attaining normal hours of regular sleep is crucial to avoiding the onset of fatigue OPERATIONAL FATIGUE COUNTERMEASURES The following items are meant to enhance alertness and performance They are designed to combat fatigue and are effective for only a short time Inform other crewmember s you are fatigued for heightened awareness and increased vigilance Physical activity do stretching and isom
151. perience introductions if necessary d Time Hack and Time Management 4 time hack ensures all crewmembers watches are synchronized Crews need to be aware of takeoff times and manage mission planning accordingly When the mission is assigned the crew should begin planning and stay together for the rest of the mission Crews should avoid distractions and attempt to get to the aircraft as early as possible e Crew Rest Nutrition and Duty Day Remaining Eating properly and staying hydrated reduce fatigue reduce the chances of airsickness and increase safety Avoid caffeine and hydrate with water and juice 3 General Flight Planning Considerations for aircraft assigned W A N T S checklist Weather and Crosswinds Current Charts and Publications FAA Flight Plan If Required NOTAMS and Special Local Procedures Takeoff and Landing Data Wake Turbulence If applicable 18 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 g h Fuel Requirements Weight and Balance Factor in weight or personal equipment survival equipment and any loose equipment in the aircraft 4 Crew Resource Management a Knock it off or This is stupid and responses 4 crewmember can use these catch phrases to signal that a situation has developed and it has exceeded the crewmember s comfort level The pilot will initiate a wings level climb when a crewmember states either of these phrases When in level flight the crew will then decide whether to t
152. r Patrol PROFILE 100 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SDIS PHOTO MISSION SATELLITE DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEM Refer to the photographic section for taking photographs Follow the checklist below for SDIS transmission SORTIE GROUND CHECKLIST OT AG ay Install Satellite Phone Black Box in aircraft Connect wiring Connect USB cable from Tablet PC to Satphone right USB port labeled Connect Tablet to Auxiliary Power if available and necessary Power up Tablet SDIS Windows Delete RECOMMEND Run AT check Camera Test Clear Camera Storage Take Test picture Remember to enter the coordinates of each picture you take Shut off Camera Attach Camera via cable to Left USB port of Table PC Turn on camera Download Photo s Edit crop image Send test message from the aircraft on the ground Confirm receipt of message from test e mail address Clear test photos from Camera Turn off Camera Disconnect Camera Cable Shutdown Computer Ready for Flight SORTIE FLIGHT CHECKLIST Power Up Tablet if not already on Take Pictures Shut off camera Attach camera to Tablet via cable to Left USB Port Turn on Camera Download photos to Tablet PC Edit and save images as needed Touch envelope on Nikon Viewer Enter proper attachment image Enter subject in email Enter any message necessary Enter e mail addresses Send email Verify email sent Turn off camera Disco
153. repared to help others you will be better able to care for yourself in case of injury Even if your condition is so bad that you are unable to care for yourself you can direct others in the correct procedures Here s the first most important measures to take in the event of an accident e Remove the person from hazardous location i e from fire from water smoke or noxious fumes Ensure the victim has an open airway and give mouth to mouth artificial respiration if necessary e Control severe bleeding following procedures provide additional directions once emergency measures have been taken to ensure victim s safety e Do not move the victim unless it is necessary for safety e Do not let the victim get up and walk around e Protect the victim from unnecessary manipulation and disturbance e Avoid or overcome chilling by using blankets or covers e Determine injuries e Administer required first aid e Apply emergency dressings bandages and splints as necessary e Plan action according to the nature of injury the needs of situation and the availability of human and material resources Remain in charge until the victim can be turned over to qualified persons e Do not discuss the victim s condition with bystanders or reporters Know the limits of your capabilities and make every effort to avoid further injury to the victim in your attempt to provide the best possible emergency care 35 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2
154. rew determines visually 104 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 USING THE KLN 89B FOR SAR JJ APT VOR NDB INT USH ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Find Nearest Airport Press NRST then ENTer That s it Create a Waypoint at a known Lat Long Select USR press CRSR and name the waypoint up to 5 letters Numbers Select USR L L and hit ENTer Enter the Latitude and Longitude beginning with N for North Latitude The format is XX XX XX Hit ENTer when completed with the first line then complete the second beginning with W for West Longitude Display Present Lat Long Position Select the NAV page Use the small knob to get to the 274 sub page it should say NAV 2 in the lower left of the display If it is not already displayed press CRSR cursor CLR clear and CRSR again Store a Waypoint at Present Position Go to the NAV 2 page as above Hit ENTer Select a name using the knobs or simply press ENTer again to accept the supplied name If you do that you will want to make a log of the name and the significance of that point Proceeding Direct to a Waypoint Press the D with an Arrow through it marked DTO on the picture above and select the desired waypoint using the large and small knobs When the desired waypoint is displayed press ENTer 105 Map Scale amp Orientation Track Line Search Create User Waypoint 4 Present Position 1 OK to HAV IK to HAV 4 1 CreateUser Waypoint 74 for Beginning 1 OK to HAV IK to HA
155. rner of the 1 x1 block would be xxxxxAA the Xs indicate latitude and longitude in degrees Example grid MEM 353 from the old system would be 32090AA The lower right corner is 32 N 090 W The first letter indicates the Northwest upper left corner of the big blocks the second indicates the Northwest corner of that subdivided block If LOWER RIGH someone wanted to further divide the grid into 7 5 by 7 5 rectangles SOUTHEAST you would simply add a third letter and keep the same A B C D tem CORNERIN 7 LAT LONG ALASKAN NUMBERED GRID SYSTEM The Alaskan numbered grid system is similar to the conventional grid system but is based on historical WAC charts Each of the fifteen major areas is labeled with a roman numeral and overlayed with a grid specified at 30 minutes of latitude and 60 minutes one degree of longitude This makes up a manageable search grid or block in Alaska vernacular Each numbered block is broken down into four smaller quadrants containing 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude These quadrants are labeled in direct correlation to the subdivision systems used in the Conventional and Cell Grids as used in the lower 48 A B C D 84 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 VISUAL SEARCH PATTERNS When planning a visual search consider the following factors The Controlling Obstacle Within the Search Area tallest man made obstruction or terrain e ngress Egress Coordinated Altitudes to avoid other searc
156. rocedure which does not require a special antenna the search aircraft is flown in a boxing in pattern The observer begins the aural search method by plotting the search aircraft s position as soon as the ELT signal is heard The pilot continues on the same course for a short distance then turns 90 degrees either to the left or right and proceeds until the signal fades Next the observer charts the positions where the signal fades The pilot turns the aircraft 180 degrees and once again the observer marks on the map the positions where the signal is heard and where it fades During this procedure the observer should not adjust the receiver volume A standard volume ensures that the signal heard and signal fade positions will remain constant To establish the approximate position of the ELT unit the observer draws chord lines between each set of signal heard and signal fade positions Then the observer draws perpendicular bisectors on each chord The bisectors are drawn from the mid point of each chord toward the center of the search area The point where the perpendicular bisectors meet or intersect is the approximate location of the ELT unit After the observer establishes the approximate location where the missing aircraft may be found the pilot flies to that location and begins a low altitude visual search pattern The observer should remember that the calculations on pinpointing the location of the ELT unit are approximate not exact
157. rridors Determine emergency divert fields Ade oie 5 Observer Considerations Briefing Seat belt operations Seat Belts on at all times No Smoking Crash Position for Observer and Scanner Survival Equipment Inventory equipment do you have water ELT Operation Ensure Observer and Scanner are familiar with ELT location 6 Emergency Procedures The emergency procedures portion of the briefing guide is more thorough than other sections and should be briefed in greater detail on the first flight with a new crew For later flights review important procedures like ground egress engine fire during start and engine failure upon takeoff Some pilots give an engine fire during start briefing just prior to starting the engine along with the engine failure briefing just prior takeoff a Crew responsibilities 1 Pilot flies 2 Observer runs checklists Jf the Observer is unfamiliar with the checklist the Pilot can locate the page and have the Observer read it 3 Scanner Clears for hazards General Actions This is the basic USAF model for handling emergencies When discussing emergency procedures begin by reciting these steps Then continue by saying I will maintain aircraft control by climbing away from the ground at 75 knots and Then describe the event and problems associated with it Finally discuss the action you will take and how the landing will occur 1 Maintain Aircraft Control 2 Analyze the
158. ruction such as an aircraft s empennage or deep furrows in snow e People e Broken or disturbed trees branches underbrush or crops e Fresh or bare earth landslide or unexplained break in terrain contour e Tracks or movement patterns in snow grass sand etc e Oil slicks discoloration floating debris or rafts excessive bubbles on or in water e Smoke and or fire blackened or burned areas Presence of scavenger animals or birds other abnormalities in the environment AMPLIFIED VISUAL SEARCHING CLUES Anything which appears to be out of the ordinary should be considered a clue to the location of the search objective In addition to this piece of advice the following are specific clues for which scanners should be looking Light colored or shiny objects Virtually all aircraft have white or other light colors as part of their paint schemes Some aircraft have polished aluminum surfaces which provide contrast with the usual ground surface features Also bright sunlight will flash from aluminum surfaces Aircraft windshields and windows like aluminum have a reflective quality about them If the angle of the sun is just right you will pick up momentary flashes with either your central or peripheral vision A flash from any angle deserves further investigation Smoke and fire Sometimes aircraft catch fire when they crash If conditions are right the burning airplane may cause forest or grass fires Survivors of a cras
159. s Permit All Emergencies Climb if possible Critical Emergencies Land Non Critical Emergencies Climb and work through Nm BW Maintain Aircraft Control it c Emergency Ground Egress 1 w d Pilot commands EGRESS EGRESS EGRESS and shuts down aircraft Crew removes headsets Pilot opens left door allowing scanner to exit Observer retrieves fire extinguisher Observer opens right door and pilot follows observer out right side of aircraft Crew proceeds to wingtip to avoid propeller and proceed to a spot 300 feet off the nose of the aircraft upwind of any smoke All crewmembers should be wary of responding crash fire rescue amp EMS vehicles d Engine Fire on Start 1 2 3 Brief POH emergency actions Brief who will contact ground and request fire support prior to shutting off master switch Egress Procedures 118 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 e Takeoff Emergencies 1 2 3 4 Door open in flight Climb to Traffic Pattern Altitude then secure or land Recite Engine failure on take off procedure Bird strike into cockpit ensure aircraft is climbing or climb together on controls Bird strike structural damage climb and controllability check f En Route Emergencies 2 4 5 6 Recite Engine Failure at Altitude POH procedures Brief crews to unlatch doors prior to touchdown Physiological Incident Have medical personnel
160. s very well The guide is best preserved if you construct a plastic cover for it Plastic folders work well for material simply cut to shape and punch holes Alternately you may want to laminate the cover of this guide Many types of lamination work you but clear contact paper tends to work best because it will not have a harsh glare that many other lamination products have You may also be able to write on a contact paper cover with a ballpoint pen for notes or changes this 1s not possible with other lamination methods You may wish to laminate the standard forms pages in this document as well That way you can write on the page with a wet erase overhead projector type marker and be able to erase it cleanly at the end of a mission Make a photocopy of the form before you erase it though for mission records they are legal documents It is suggested that you also laminate the facing page or else the marker may rub off on the unprotected page You may also wish to insert tabs on the dividing section pages to help you locate important items more quickly 114 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 BIBLIOGRAPHY The items listed below consist of a bibliography for the creation of this Aircrew Guide Those items not originating from other sources to include graphics are solely that of the authors all rights reserved The content which is not otherwise claimed is Copyright 25 July 2008 and earlier first edition January 2000 by Scott E Lanis and
161. se 243 000 or 243 550 respectively You will only be able to select training frequencies while in the training mode and actual SAR frequencies in the emergency mode The 156 800 and 406 025 are for Marine Channel 16 EPIRBs and 406 MHz ELTs and are not typically used by CAP SQUELCH Adjust the squelch knob on the upper left of the unit so that on the left of the display the small triangle arrow is pointing barely above the solid bar The squelch knob may be marked SQL or DIM The solid bar represents static You will want to listen and make sure that the static is not actually a signal though Turn the lower left knob to adjust the volume as necessary DF Follow the relative bearings to the ELT Remember that these are RELATIVE bearings with the nose of the aircraft being 360 000 If you are showing a gt 006 gt that means turn right 6 If the unit shows lt 354 lt then turn left 6 This is similar to a fixed card ADF If you remember the old rhyme Rub The Tub you know that Relative Bearing True Heading True Bearing or RB TH TB This is also true if we replace magnetic bearing and heading instead of the trues Therefore if the Becker DF indicates gt 010 gt and you are flying a 270 heading the magnetic bearing of the ELT is 280 Add right subtract left LOCATE After flying over the ELT you should get a station passage indication Turn around and re DF to locate the target Notes on operating the Becker SAR D
162. should consider dropping needed supplies such as medical or survival supplies to either survivors or to a ground team If you need to establish communications with survivors or a ground team you can drop a message or even a low cost aviation band receiver radio An airdrop requires preparation however When preparing to make the airdrop take into consideration your run in axis For example if one were dropping a critical first aid item to a ground team parked next to a road consider flying down the road and dropping You will also want to make a couple of practice runs at a higher altitude to look out for obstacles and get a good idea of where the target is located This will keep your aircraft safe 1 OBSERVER PREPARE THE DROP CONTAINER a Keep the container LIGHTWEIGHT include in it the message or needed supplies b Ensure a drag device such as a streamer is attached to the container c WRAP the streamer AROUND the container to prevent the streamer from fouling on the aircraft tail 2 MISSION PILOT FLY DIRECTLY OVER THE TARGET a Observer open the window and hold the container in your right hand Place your entire arm outside of and trailing the aircraft b Hold the container as low on the aircraft as possible c Ensure that the streamer is rolled up around the container otherwise you stand a good chance of hitting the streamer on the tailplane after the object is released The idea is you want the container to initially fall quickly until
163. signaling The smoke and or flames of a fire are easily seen from the air as we pointed out earlier A group of three fires Three fires forming a triangle is an international distress signal e Red white or orange colored smoke Colored smoke is discharged by some types of signaling devices such as flares Other flares are rocket types some send up a small parachute to which a magnesium flare is attached Signal mirrors If the sun is shining a signal may be used A special survival signal mirror includes instructions to the survivor on how to aim the signal at the search aircraft Pocket mirrors will also work but aiming them may not be as easy e Panels on the ground This type signal can be formed with white panels or with colored panels especially designed for the purpose Survivors may be able to arrange aircraft parts as a signal Messages There are a number of methods and materials which survivors can use to construct messages In snow sand and grassy areas survivors may use their feet to stamp out simple messages such as HELP or SOS More than likely such messages will be formed with rocks trenches tree branches driftwood or any other similar materials Such materials may also be used to construct standard ground to air signals These signals are familiar to military and professional civilian pilots including CAP pilots Ground to air signals are illustrated in the Communications section of this aircrew guide and you are enco
164. stood intervals above INTERCEPTION PATTERNS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF INTERCEPTED AIRCRAFT TYPICAL APPROACH IDENTIFICATION PHASE POST INTERCEPT PHASE PHASE DAY Y J gt gt gt TRANSPORT INTERCEPTORS WINGMAN Y FLIGHT LEAD Note During Nighi IMC Y approach will be irom below flight path 40 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 COMMUNICATIONS USAGE CHECKLIST 1 Set Radios a ATC b CAP CAP Radio Check Check in A T I S ATC Taxi Clearance ATC Takeoff Clearance CAP Wheels Up ATC In Flight a Before entering Class Delta b Before entering Class Charlie c Before entering Class Bravo Clearance REQUIRED 8 CAP In Flight a Ops Normal 30 minute intervals 9 CAP Mission a Entering the grid b Exiting the grid c Mission specific 10 ATC Return To Base A T LS b Approach instructions c Landing instructions d Taxi instructions 11 CAP After Landing a Wheels down b Shut down STON M Be S R2 BASIC PHRASEOLOGY EXAMPLES Taxi and Ground Movement Operations Acft Columbus Ground CAP fourteen eighty eight ramp taxi VFR South ATC CAP fourteen eighty eight Columbus Ground taxi via Delta Alpha hold short runway three two wind two four zero at seven altimeter two niner niner five Read back Taxi via Delta Alpha hold short runway three two CAP fourteen eighty eight Meaning CAP 1488 is cleared to taxi to the intersection of taxiway alpha and r
165. sturbed earth Breaks in cultivated field patterns Crop farmlands always display a pattern of some type especially during the growing season Any disruption of such a pattern should be investigated A crop such as corn could mask the presence of small aircraft wreckage Yet the pattern made by the crashing airplane will stand out as a break in uniformity Water and snow Water and snow are not visual clues but they often contain such clues For example when an aircraft goes down in water its fuel and probably some oil will rise to the water s surface making an oil slick discoloration Other material in the aircraft may also discolor the water or float as debris If the aircraft hasn t been under the water very long air bubbles will disturb the surface Snow readily shows clues Any discoloration caused by fire fuel or debris will be very evident On the other hand do not expect easy to see clues if snow has fallen since the aircraft was reported missing Tracks and signals Any line of apparent human tracks through snow grass or sand should be regarded as possibly those of survivors Such tracks may belong to hunters but it pays to follow them until the individual is found or you are satisfied with their termination at a road for example If you do find the originator of such tracks and the person is a survivor no doubt he will try to signal More than likely this signal will be a frantic waving of arms Birds and animals Scavenger birds
166. such as vultures and crows wolves and bears may gather at or near a crash site Vultures or Buzzards sense the critical condition of an injured person and gather nearby to await the person s death If you see these birds or animals in a group search the area thoroughly False clues In addition to the false clues of camp fires and other purposely set fires there are others of which you should be aware oil slicks may have been caused by spillage from ships All aircraft parts may not have been removed from other crash sites Some of the aircraft parts may have been marked with a yellow but you may not be able to see the mark until near the site because the paint has faded or worn off with age In certain parts of the country you will encounter many false clues where you would not ordinarily expect to see them These false clues are discarded refrigerators stoves vehicles and pieces of other metal such as tin roofing What makes these false clues unique is that they are in areas far from towns and cities Survivors and Signals If there are survivors and if they are capable of doing so they will attempt to signal you The type of signal the survivors use will depend on how much they know about the process and what type signaling devices are available to them Here are some signaling techniques that survivors might use e A fire Most people carry some means of starting a fire And a fire probably will be the survivor s first attempt at
167. tance 1000 53 Mile Total Hobbgo 69 1 Mile 1000 H 0 Mile 1000 caging 2 Miles N W E S Intended Pattern Actual Pattern Motion Displacement An increase in any of these variables will reduce scanning Search i effectiveness Altitude j Scanning Range field of scan 140 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SCANNER SEARCH AREA WORKSHEET Date MISSION SORTIE Time Aircraft Altitude Picture Distance Num of Description of Object Heading AGL Heading Miles Pictures 141 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 OBSERVER SCANNER SEARCH AREA WORKSHEET A C MSN PILOT PILOT OBS OBS SCN OBS SCN SEARCH NUMBER START TIME HOBBS TAKEOFF TIME HOBBS IN AREA TIME HOBBS OUTOF TIME AREA HOBBS LAND TIME HOBBS SHUT TIME DOWN HOBBS Date 142 MISSION SORTIE SECTIONAL GRID ABCD CAP FREQUENCY INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA SHEET AIRCRAFT DATE PHOTO TIME 24HR 1 Z NUMBER AM PM DESCRIPTION COORDINATES LAT LONG NORTH WEST i DIRECTION OF AIRCRAFT TRAVEL N NE E SE S SW W NW DIRECTION OF PHOTO HEADING N NE E SE S SW W NW ALTITUDE AGL DISTANCE TO SITE NM MI MSL KM REMARKS PHOTO TIME 24HR 1 Z NUMBER AM PM DESCRIPTION COORDINATES LAT LONG NORTH 5 WEST
168. th their flashlight You will also not have landing lights radios to actuate pilot controlled lighting or electrically driven flaps g Emergency Procedure of the Day Brief your actions from memory for the even corresponding to the current day of the month This is designed to make the pilot think about an emergency procedure prior to flying If there are more important EPs brief those instead Use the USAF formula beginning with I will maintain aircraft control If you have already briefed today s EP then select a different EP for later flights Abort Rejected Takeoff 16 Lost Procedures Engine Failure After Takeoff 17 Departing a Prepared Surface Fire During Start 18 Inadvertent IMC Oil System Failure 19 Flaps Fail to Extend Electrical Fire During Flight 20 Partial Loss of Engine Power in Flight Structural Icing in Flight 2 Engine Fire During Flight Elevator Failure 22 Fuel Leak Precautionary Landing with Power 23 Throttle Failure Forced Landing 24 Ditching Complete Electrical Failure Day 25 High Ammeter Loss of Communications 26 Complete Electrical Failure Night Airspeed Failure 27 Asymmetrical Flap Configuration Inadvertent Spin Recovery 28 Pitot Static Failure Severe Porpoise on Landing 29 Traffic Pattern Stall Landing with Flat or Blown Tire 30 Brake Failure 31 Ear Blockage Physiological Incident 22 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 7 Mission Communications
169. the decimal 03 0 050 18 0 300 33 0 550 48 0 800 Value of the minute from chart 04 0 067 19 0 317 36 0 567 497 0917 W UE decimal oumberiot 05 0 083 20 0 333 35 0 583 50 0 833 ALS A 06 0 100 21 0 350 36 0 600 51 0 850 gagiyo 07 0 117 22 0 367 37 0 617 52 0 867 08 0 133 23 0 383 38 0 633 77882 cad 09 0 150 24 0 400 39 0 650 54 0 900 to convert SECONDS to 10 0 167 25 0 417 40 0 667 55 0 917 DECIMAL MINUTES This will 11 0 183 26 0 433 41 0 683 56 0 933 likely be the most common 127 0 200 27 0 450 42 0 700 57 0 950 conversion you will need to make 13 0 217 28 0 467 43 0 717 58 0 967 Example 14 0 233 29 0 483 44 0 733 59 0 983 40 11 17 40 11 0 283 15 0 250 30 0 500 45 0 750 60 1 000 740 11 283 111 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION IX CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PREVENTATIVE FATIGUE COUNTERMEASURES The following items are meant to be used before duty and during rest periods They are designed to minimize sleep loss and reduce the disruption to circadian cycles These will help prevent fatigue Minimize Sleep Loss The effect of sleep loss is cumulative and reduction of this loss is critical to safe and efficient operation Loss of sleep is referred to as sleep deprivation or sleep debt e Working days attempt to get normal amounts of sleep as practical minimize sleep debt e Utilize rest periods effectively to catch u
170. the entire crew present and should take under 10 minutes from start to finish The Briefing Standards provide an amplification of the basic guide and shows how individual elements should be briefed If all actions have been briefed with the crew on an earlier sortie the briefing should still include a review of safety and emergency procedures The briefing standards printed in italics amplify the basic guidance in the briefing guide If you have previously briefed specific duties you can say As previously briefed If the item complies exactly with the standard you may say standard If the profile is non standard then restate it The briefing guide was developed from a number of sources including USAF UH 1 T 41 C 130 C 150 T 37 US Navy and CAP Operational Mission Checklists If you are not ready to brief the mission from start to finish then you are not ready to fly the mission 1 Personal Preflight Actions a LM S A F E Ensure you are free of Illness Medication Stress Alcohol Fatigue and Emotion b FAA Personal Documents Certificate Medical Photo ID Currency c CAP Personal Documents Membership Form 5 91 ROA 101 d Operation Risk Management Use the ORM worksheet in the aircrew guide 2 Crew Preflight Actions a Uniforms and dressed to egress If you cannot walk from the terminal building to the end of the runway without discomfort you are not dressed to egress b Documents c Crew Positions and Ex
171. the victim is an infant give one puff of air If the person has had a trauma do not tilt the chin move the lower jaw forward and give breaths For an adult give 1 breath every 5 seconds for children under eight years old and for infants give 1 breath every 3 seconds The normal rate of breathing is 12 to 20 per minute for the adult and 20 per minute for the child or infant CHOKING If the victim cannot cough speak or breathe and is still conscious ask permission to help wrap your arms around the victim s waist from the back place your hand thumb side in to the victim above the navel and below the ribs place your other hand over the first and give abdominal thrusts inward and upward until the victim can breathe If the victim is unconscious attempt to ventilate two times If air does not go in re tilt the airway and attempt to ventilate again If air still does not go in begin CPR if you know it The rate is 15 compressions to 2 breaths for the adult and 5 1 for children ages 1 8 and 5 1 for infants Each time you give rescue breaths look for an object in the victim s mouth and remove it if you see it then give the breaths Repeat sequence until help arrives CARDIAC ARREST If the victim has no pulse and you know CPR cardio pulmonary resuscitation call 911 right away The rate for an adult is 15 2 for a child and infant the rate is 5 1 If you do not know CPR breathe for the victim until help arrives BLEEDING Put on latex glo
172. ther fly correct the unsafe conditions within your control or cancel the flight as appropriate RISK LEVELS Low 0 75 Moderate 76 150 High 151 MAN SUGGESTED RISK VALUES Experience Training High time pilots are statistically less likely to have accidents Pilot Currency Recency of pilot experience also lowers possibility of accidents Health Crew Rest Fatigue or health problems can and will degrade a pilot s skills MACHINE SUGGESTED RISK VALUES Maintenance Factors Awareness of mechanical flaws vital to safety of mission Performance Factors Lowest search altitudes increase chance of hitting tall objects Highest introduces chance of hypoxia Intermediate altitudes statistically the safest Communications Spotty comms or blind spots distract crew prevent them from watching for traffic and add to pilot workload MISSION SUGGESTED RISK VALUES Operations Tempo more aircraft involved the greater the chance for collision Search Complexity High workload caused by unfamiliar tasks can add to distractions ENVIRONMENT SUGGESTED RISK VALUES Weather Icing Even the possibility of light icing in the forecast is a no go Ceiling Marginal VFR adds to risk Hard IFR increases risk substantially Hazards Turbulence thunderstorms all require careful pilot judgment Winds Winds greater than 15 kts increase the risk of landing accidents Visibility Low visibilities add to r
173. tinue DESIRED TEAM ACTION Turn vehicle to left or right at the same spot the aircraft did and then continue in that direction until further signals are received STOP OR DISMOUNT AIRCRAFT ACTION Aircraft approaches the vehicle low and head on while the vehicle is moving This is not to be confused with turn around because aircraft does not perform a 180 turn in front of vehicle DESIRED TEAM ACTION STOP the vehicle and await further instructions AIRCRAFT ACTION Aircraft makes two or more passes in same direction over a stopped ground team DESIRED TEAM ACTION DISMOUNT get out of the vehicle then follow the aircraft and obey further signals proceed on foot INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 OBJECTIVE IS HERE AIRCRAFT ACTION Aircraft circles one geographic place and continues to circle using turns about a point type procedures DESIRED TEAM ACTION Proceed to the location where the low wing of the aircraft is pointing that 1s the location of the target AIR TO GROUND COORDINATION VEHICLE ESCORT LESSONS LEARNED Aircrews face a number of challenges while escorting ground team vehicles These challenges include the great difference in airspeed between the aircraft and vehicle which is complicated by the possibility of losing communications When tasked to escort a ground team vehicle the first reaction of many crewmembers is to add flaps and slow the aircraft to 65 or 70 knots A more desirable method is to use off c
174. tion 14 Press EHTER 15 Turn IK to select Hext Page 16 Press SEL 17 Turn IK to enter Leg Length 18 Turn OK to select Start 19 Turn IK to enter Initial Turn as Right or Left of Line 20 Press EHTER 21 Press EHTER 22 Turn IK to select Scale 23 Press GRD to View Grid Lines 4 v z ze a 5 16 v 2 nd ms 2 2 x a Leg Lengths Track Spacing amp Example Headings Shown S L ion dfS argn 0657 Be 1 TH TXYR Hichte INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 LATITUDE LONGITUDE DECIMAL CONVERSION CHART When coordinating between GPS or LORAN units to maps or to different equipment other GPS receivers for example you may have to convert from a whole number format to a decimal format or vice versa This chart simplifies the math for conversion between formats MOST GPS units and AFRCC SARSAT hits use whole degrees with decimal minutes NOT seconds The format looks like this DD MM mmm Here is a chart of possible formats LATITUDE LONGITUDE FORMATS all of these represent the same point on the Earth DECIMAL MINUTES DECIMAL DEGREES DEG MIN SEC NEGATIVE DECIMAL 449 59 34 N 92 44 82 W 44 989 N 92 747 W 44 59 20 4 092 44 49 2 W 44 989 92 747 MINUTES TO DECIMAL DEGREES or SECONDS TO DECIMAL MINUTES Min Dec Min Dec Min Dec Min Dec 01 0 017 16 0 267 31 0 517 46 0 767 To convert whole minutes to 02 0 033 17 0 283 32 0 533 AT 0 783 decimal degrees add
175. to e dee ea vei oi e o rire 34 FIRST AID URGENT CARNE ine em or nee en d ae PO emo PER e Pei eee ne aed re pen P Een 35 PERSONAL SURVIVAL KIT SUGGESTIONS terrm e roe erae e e ere rens 37 COMPLETE SUGGESTED SURVIVAL 1 nee enne nen 38 INTERCEPT PROCEDURES norte Hoe n trie e at e Preterea eiae rae me d ea 40 COMMUNICATIONS USAGE CHECKLIST c zr re oe e e e e tie edes 4 BASIC PHRASEOLOGY EXAMPLES tei ettet terere eter notre eee e e ede tete c ents Par rene 4 CADLSIGNS interit o deuten tede dese o nie e a e e dS 42 NATIONAL STANDARD 43 PHONE NUMBERS FREQUENCIES amp 8 43 STATIONS d w eret ehe od REO NT DETENER S Enn 43 PHONETIC FIGURES NUMBERS orent reme ep er ne EO 44 PHONETIC ALPHABET erect eee rete erp a ee INE POTE 44 COMM PROW ORD DEFINITIONS rere dA OO etre ett eoo EC AERE 45 CODE WORDS 2 eno Nod 46 HIGHBIRD RELAY INFORMATION eere 000000 ZA eret emere ne eniro pedro eb PENNE cheered 47 PMA7000MS AUDIQO PXAN EL oo remm emeret e ree Oce 47 NP Xe 13S VHE RADIO ertet e et
176. to parking monitor ground CAP FM Radio Calls Initial Contact Aircraft Columbus Mission Base CAP Fourteen Twenty Two over Mission Base CAP Fourteen Twenty Two Columbus Mission Base go ahead over Aircraft CAP Fourteen Twenty Two wheels up at one three four eight zulu over Mission Base CAP Fourteen twenty two roger Mission Base out CALLSIGNS Per CAP Directives and an agreement with the FAA CAP Aircraft are to utilize the call sign CAP XX YY The first two digits indicate the particular CAP Wing s number of alphabetical order and formerly corresponded to the first two digits of that Wing s charter number The second two digits are assigned within each wing and will be used for a particular aircraft CAP aircraft are to use these call signs when using a radio to communicate whether it is with Air Traffic Control or another CAP unit When filing flight plans with Flight Service Stations use CAP XX YY in the Call sign section and put the actual tail number in the remarks section Per the Aeronautical Information Manual AIM flight callsigns should use grouping Example CAP 4032 should be pronounced CAP forty thirty two NOT CAP four zero three two The United States National Search and Rescue Supplement NSS to the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual provides guidance on implementation of the National SAR Plan and information in addition to the contents of the I
177. ttt 81 SECTION VE VISUAL SEARCHES 55 eee o eo noa nno ena na Ga F nonna P o ranas po canna Pa Pros SEARCH PLANNING AND COVERAGE tech ctv b S OR co ede 82 POSSIBILITY PROBABILITY AND POSSIBILITY VS PROBABILITY ettet 83 GRID SYSTEMS sicat tuu ecuador dace A esa dances Aata 84 VISUAL SEARCH PATTERNS 2 mam UNDE DM E E ca MA a E Tn E AN e td ML Nep ad 85 ROUTE TRACK LINE OR TRACK CRAWL SEARCH 0 ttt cts 85 PARAL LED LINE GRED SEARCH S boton itemm eru tc 86 SEARCH TURN RADIUS pan eta cea Oia A acento datae a san Mr W 87 CREEPING DINE SEARCH ow AA AWA arci adeb Lane c eM A 88 EXPANDINGSOUARE SEARCH cau cane Dunst on arene Due tA m RW A cB oot 88 52252 sdb MN AE ENDS emo hn RADI A Ap UL Se PENA EM 89 CUNTOUR SKARCH 20 bottes a Boka 89 ORIECT VISIBEDEDY o do a tei tini ue 90 VISUAL SEARCHING CLUES wan on EE Ao 90 AMPLIFIED VISUAL SEARCHING 4 90 WRECKAGE PATTERNS ACCIDENT 8 8
178. uencies CAP normally uses are not secure code words and phrases are sometimes used to prevent unauthorized parties from obtaining the information and possibly compromising mission integrity The incident commander IC formerly the Mission Coordinator may assign code words and phrases for mission members to use when transmitting important mission information such as the sighting of the target aircraft its location and whether there are survivors ICs should ensure the codes provided to mission members are exact and complete enough to relay vital information However the observer must be sure all the following information is relayed even when code words are being used The fact that a sighting has been made Location or position of the target in accordance with the grid map or chart that is standard to the mission Any survivor information that is available Code words and phrases vary according to wing mission and Mission Commander In most cases code words are not necessary and are not used Code words should be listed on the ICS Form 205 Incident Radio 46 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 Communications Plan You should be able to find this form as part of the incident action plan IAP If secure communications are necessary but code words have not been briefed a telephone is often the best means HIGHBIRD RELAY INFORMATION Acting As A High Bird If you are tasked specifically to act as a High Bird communications relay station
179. unway 32 CAP 1488 must not cross or enter any runway The read back of all hold short instructions is mandatory Ready For Take Off Acft Columbus Tower CAP fourteen eighty eight holding short runway two three ready for departure northeast ATC CAP fourteen eighty eight Columbus Tower northeast departure approved runway two three cleared for takeoff Meaning CAP 1488 can enter RWY 23 takeoff and depart the Class D airspace to the northeast 41 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 Inbound For Landing Acft Columbus Tower CAP fourteen eighty eight one zero miles northeast for landing ATC CAP fourteen eighty eight Columbus Tower wind calm altimeter three zero zero two make straight in runway two three report two mile final Read back Straight in runway two three report two miles CAP fourteen eighty eight Meaning CAP 1488 is cleared to make a straight in approach to RWY23 At Two Miles Acft CAP fourteen eighty eight two miles ATC CAP fourteen eighty eight wind two three zero at one zero cleared to land Read back Cleared to land CAP fourteen eighty eight Meaning CAP 1488 may land on RWY 23 After Landing Tower will instruct CAP 1488 to contact ground control They may say CAP four eighty eight contact ground point six leaving the runway Many ground control frequencies are one two one point something in this case the correct frequency is 121 6 or they may say CAP fourteen eighty eight taxi
180. uraged to learn to identify those signals which survivors might use Nighttime signals For various reasons nighttime searches are infrequent Flights will be at 3 000 AGL or higher Light signals of some type will be the only clue to the search objective location A fire or perhaps a flashlight will be the survivor s means of signaling On the other hand a light signal need not be very bright one survivor used the flint spark of his cigarette lighter as a signal His signal was seen and he was rescued 91 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 WRECKAGE PATTERNS ACCIDENT SIGNS Frequently there are signs near a crash sight that the aircrew can use to locate the actual wreckage The environment plays a major role in sighting the signs from the search aircraft In crashes at sea searchers may be unable to locate the crash site as rough seas can scatter wreckage or signs quickly On land the wreckage may be in dense foliage which can obscure it in a matter of days By knowing signs to look for the scanner can improve the effectiveness of each sortie In general don t expect to find anything that resembles an aircraft most wrecks look like hastily discarded trash However certain patterns do result from the manner in which the accident occurred These patterns are described as Hole in the ground Caused from steep dives into the ground or from flying straight into steep hillsides or canyon walls Wreckage is confined to a small circular area around a d
181. uring bandages amp general purpose 1EA PAD PEN MATCHES RAZOR BLADE 2EA BANDAGE TRIANGULAR w 2 SAFETY PINS use as sling to wrap bandages etc 2EA BANDAGE CONFORMING GAUZE 4 x 5 yd for wrapping large wounds 4EA GAUZE SPONGE 4 x 4 sterile for cleaning and padding 4EA GAUZE PADS 4 x 4 sterile place over wound 2EA NON ADHEAR PADS 2 x 3 sterile will not stick to wound 1EA DRESSING TRAUMA 10 x 30 use for large head and body wounds cut for smaller bandages splint padding 1EA DRESSING COMBINE 8 X 7 1 2 bandage for large wound splint padding etc 12EA BAND AIDS ADHEASIVE ASSORTED for small cuts and abrasions 5 EA BUTTERFLY CLOSURE MEDIUM use as a substitute for sutures 6 EA SKIN CLOSURES 1 2 x 4 same as above but larger wound 8 EA TONGUE DEPRESSORS WOOD use as finger splints eating utensils kindling to start fire etc 38 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 This page intentionally left blank 39 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 SECTION IV COMMUNICATIONS INTERCEPT PROCEDURES Intercepting aircraft signal Meaning Intercepted aircraft response Meaning Rocks wings After acknowledgement initiates a slow level You have Rocks singsanddullows RCM me Funderstind turn normally to the left onto desired heading At night been will also flash the navigational lights and will the pilot will also flash the navigational lights at irregular intercepted een oe gt tervals Foll
182. urly J Approach Descent and Landing Plan approach and descent remember fuel mixture and cooling Double check radio and navigational settings Obtain ATIS AWOS and contact approach control Review taxi plan diagram and brief crew assignments for approach landing and taxi Remind crew most midair collisions occur in or near the pattern especially on final Begin sterile cockpit Turn lights on within 10 miles of the airport Double check assigned approach heading and altitude Use shallow S turns and lift your wing before turns during descent to check for traffic 0 Read back all clearances and hold short instructions 11 Log time and Hobbs and report Wheels Down 2 Arrival at Mission Base A Park and Secure Aircraft 1 Look for marshallers follow taxi plan and signal marshaller that ignition is OFF 2 Double check Master Switch OFF 3 Fuel Selector Switch to Right or Left refueling 4 Avionics control Lock and Pitot tube covers engine plugs installed 5 Complete the Flight Log and enter squawks in Discrepancy Log 6 Chocks and Tie downs installed and Parking Brake OFF 7 Remove trash and personal supplies equipment 8 Lock the windows doors and baggage compartment 9 Check oil and arrange for refueling 10 Clean leading edges windshield and windows 11 Replenish cleaning kit INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 gt gt Check in with Flig
183. ve visual sight contact with the traffic or target as required 51 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AIR TO GROUND COORDINATION GENERAL These signals are designed to be used if two way radio communication cannot be established or maintained between the aircrew and ground team This may be due to frequency management problems i e too many magpies talking on the frequency or confusion over which frequency channel to use dead batteries or radio failure However they may be used as a standard to be followed in addition to two way radio communication for additional clarity and practice Aircrews should remember that the ground team will not have your perspective that is why you the aircrew are there Allow plenty of room for your maneuvers or you may confuse the ground team Do not rush your signals Consider dropping flaps to reduce your groundspeed and overtake on the ground team The best way to make these procedures work is to practice them frequently Often the most difficult portion of Air to Ground Coordination is getting the aircraft and Ground Team together This can be facilitated by prearranging a rendezvous point or by transmission of lat long coordinates over the radio a running rendezvous A Running Rendezvous is probably best done with the ground team transmitting their lat long coordinates to the aircrew and the aircrew flying to that point by means of their GPS Of course you can always search for the ground tea
184. ves Do the following in this order 1 Put pressure on the wound with the cleanest material available sterile gauze pads are best 2 If bleeding slows down but does not stop apply more dressings on top 3 If bleeding still does not stop elevate the limb 4 If bleeding still does not stop ably a pressure dressing tying the dressing down tightly but not enough to cut off the circulation Keep the limb elevated 5 If bleeding still does not stop put pressure on the brachial artery in the upper arm or the femoral artery in the groin NEVER APPLY TOURNIQUET unless absolutely essential to save a life If the wound is minor after the bleeding has stopped wash the area and apply an adhesive bandage or sterile dressing Try not to touch any wound directly to avoid infection SHOCK Shock can be life threatening even if the injury is minor Call 911 right away Symptoms are cool clammy skin shallow breathing nausea restlessness Lay victim on his back and elevate his feet 12 to 18 Cover to maintain body heat Give fluids if the victim is conscious and able to swallow Breathe for the victim if needed POISIONING If the victim has swallowed a poison maintain airway and breathing and treat for shock Call 911 right away Do not give fluids induce vomiting or give an antidote without specific instructions from a doctor If it was an inhaled poison get the victim fresh air immediately Call 911 Maintain airway and breathing Keep the victim
185. w Wing Null Signal Heard High Wing Null Path of Aircraft Low Wing Null Low Wing Null Null Vector from second turn No nulls detected at low altitude Null vector from first turn High Wing Null High Wing Null WING NULL DIRECTION MATRIX ANTENNAS ABOVE THE WINGS RIGHT TURN At the Null the ELT is 90 to your LEFT SUBTRACT 90 from aircraft heading LEFT TURN At the Null the ELT is 90 to your RIGHT ADD 90 to your aircraft heading GENERAL RULE OF THUMB FOR ANTENNAS ABOVE THE WINGS HIGH WING POINTS TO ELT ANTENNAS BELOW THE WINGS LEFT TURN At the Null the ELT is 90 to your LEFT SUBTRACT 90 to your aircraft heading RIGHT TURN At the Null the ELT is 90 to your RIGHT ADD 90 from aircraft heading GENERAL RULE OF THUMB FOR ANTENNAS BELOW THE WINGS LOW WING POINTS TO ELT Note Instead of adding or subtracting 90 as listed above you can simply read the heading from the 90 index line on your DG in the proper direction i e left index line for 90 to your left subtract 90 Low Wing Null Low Wing Null INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 ANTENNAS BELOW THE WINGS Airplane Heading ANTENNAS ABOVE THE WINGS INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AURAL SEARCH METHOD Equal signal strength circle barely audible signal in aircraft receiver at search altitude SIGNAL HEARD This is based on the assumption that the area of equal beacon signal strength is circular do NOT adjust vo
186. walking towards it but also frequently repeat the full six steps to ensure you are heading in the right direction and that you didn t inadvertently pass Multiple readings will also help you triangulate the location of the ELT Another type of direction finding on the ground is called body shielding This is essentially the same as the wing null method except you are using your body to shield the radio signal instead of your airplane s wing Hold an aviation band receiver upside down in front of you so your body blocks the antenna Turn a complete circle When you hear the audio get quieter the ELT will be directly to your back Regardless of the methods and equipment used you may have trouble locating and ELT once you get very close ELTs are sometimes notoriously difficult to find when you have several aircraft within a row or several hangars You can discuss techniques for this type of search with your local ground team or simply wait for them to arrive since you have absolutely determined that the ELT is non distress and no loss of life is at stake 80 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 AFRCC REQUIRED ELT INFORMATION Once an ELT has been located certain information needs to be collected Contact the Incident Commander with this information He or she will also relay to you the appropriate action for silencing the ELT Also see the form in Appendix B of this guide 1 The time Zulu that the ELT EPIRB was first heard The time Zulu that the objectiv
187. ys located above the wings To DF by Wing Shadowing Fly a constant bank angle 360 turn The bank angle you use should depend on how far and high above the ELT you are The audio will null or get significantly quieter when your wing blocks the antenna s reception of the ELT signal For Antennas located above the Wings using a right turn you will hear the null when the ELT is 90 to your LEFT so SUBTRACT 90 from your heading or read it from the 90 index on the DG card For Antennas BELOW the Wings in a right turn you will hear the null when the ELT is 90 to your RIGHT so ADD 90 to your heading Utilize the diagrams and matrix below to help visualize what is correct for your aircraft If the DF portion of your L Tronics direction finder is inoperative no reliable deflection in DF mode or in the DF window but you can still hear an ELT sweep coming from the unit you can use the Wing Null method with the DF unit instead of a comm radio if you desire The strength RECeive meter will help in giving a visual indication of audio null Once again you must know the location of the antennas The preferred mounting location for L Tronics antennas is on the bottom beneath the aircraft In MOST CAP Cessna Aircraft the COMM antennas will be on TOP of the aircraft and the DF antennas will be on the BOTTOM of the aircraft Find out what yours has before you fly 71 INFLIGHT GUIDE 20 JUN 2013 WING NULL METHOD VISUALIZED Lo

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