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PSM3000, PSM4000, and PSM5000 Series RF and Microwave

1. Software Installation This procedure allows you to install one or more of the following software Procedure applications or programs Power Meter application provides a virtual power meter front panel for your instrument Use the application software to make power meter measurements High speed Logging application allows you to take raw high speed readings from your instrument Pulse Profiling application PSM5000 series only provides the tools for complete characterization of a modulated signal Sample Code provides programming examples for remote control of the instrument You can read more about remote programming in the PSM3000 PSM4000 and PSM5000 Series RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Programming Manual available on the Tektronix Web site at www tektronix com manuals 2 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 1 Go to www tektronix com and search for the most recent software version for this product and download it to your computer Once downloaded double click on the exe file to start installation NOTE You can also insert the USB memory device that shipped with your instrument into the computer USB drive The installation should start automatically If the installation does not start automatically select Start gt Run and the media drive and a semicolon D for example and then setup exe or the location of the setup exe file you downloaded from the Tektronix Web site and then press OK setup_1
2. The Set Frequency dialog box opens 3 Enter 1 GHz and click OK 4 Confirm that the instrument is set to continuously trigger and then click Triggering gt Internal Continuous In Pulse Power mode the software shows these measurements at the right of the display DC duty cycle Pk peak power Avg average power CrF crest factor also known as peak to average power ratio PAR The large number in the center of the software display shows the pulse power The default pulse threshold is Automatic 50 or 3 dB below peak check box in the Pulse Setup dialog box Measurement gt Measured Pulse Setup If you know the specific pulse characteristics you can change this by selecting Measured Pulse Setup in the Measurement drop down menu RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 29 Power Meter Application 5 Connect the instrument to the RF source and turn on RF power The software should indicate these approximate values 1 GHz 0 dBm pulse power 50 duty cycle 0 dBm peak 3 dBm average 3 dB crest factor the ratio between peak and average power The measurement changes as you vary the source power 30 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application Pulse Profiling Application NOTE This application is only available for PSM5000 series instruments For basic CW and pulse power measurements use the Power Meter application To perform detailed measurements on repetitive pulsed
3. limited in that they are not sensitive to frequency If there is a frequency sensitive device in the measurement path then every frequency change requires a change in offset In this case the Response function may be more appropriate The Offset function must be enabled to affect measurements The Offset annunciator is visible above and to the right of the measurement trace when the Offset function is enabled RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 37 Pulse Profiling Application Main Triggering amp Delay Triggering amp Delay Response Use the Response function for correcting measurements through devices like directional couplers The Response function allows you to enter a set of amplitude and frequency pairs As you change the frequency of measurement the application automatically adjusts the offset based on the frequency you selected The Response function must be enabled to affect measurements The Response annunciator is visible above and to the right of the measurement trace when the Response function is enabled Minimize Undersampling For sweep times of 10 ms or less equivalent time sampling undersampling is used to provide adequate time resolution and fill the trace memory The Minimize Undersampling function has no effect at these sweep time settings For sweep times of 20 ms 50 ms and 100 ms undersampling provides more samples than are needed to fill the trace memory When Minimize Undersampling is turned
4. will appear in this view allowing for a more detailed examination of the signal using time markers and time gates The Measurement trace is displayed on a grid with 10 vertical divisions that indicate power and 10 horizontal divisions that indicate time Auto Measure Panel Results and Auto Measure windows This panel contains the Auto Measure and Results windows and a display control toolbar See page 34 Auto Measure Panel The Panoramic Trace and the Measurement Trace windows are designed to work in tandem to help you identify and investigate areas of interest easily and quickly To view a portion of the Panoramic trace in more detail highlight the portion of the trace in which you are interested The highlighted portion will appear in the Measurement Trace window You can highlight or select a portion of the trace using the following techniques 1 Click and drag the mouse over a portion of the Panoramic trace Only the portion selected by the mouse movement will be viewed in the Measurement Trace window Click and drag the mouse over a portion of the Measurement trace Only the portion selected by the mouse movement will be viewed in the Measurement Trace window This technique allows you to zoom in on the trace The mouse pointer must be in Highlight mode Click the Highlight Span drop down on the Results pane or Display Control toolbar and then select the percentage of interest The selected portion will be viewable in the
5. Measurement Trace window If a portion of the Panoramic trace is currently selected then the percentage will be centered on the current selection If a portion of the trace is not selected then the percentage will be centered around the middle of the Panoramic trace To select a precise portion of the trace click the Highlight Span drop down and then select Set Start Enter the beginning of the measurement trace in microseconds RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application 5 Click the Zoom In or Zoom Out buttons These buttons double or halve the current viewing area These buttons are available in the Results window and in the Display Control toolbar 6 Click the Reset button This resets the Measurement Trace window to include the entire Panoramic trace 7 Use the scroll and nudge controls in the Results window These controls allow you to scroll the area of interest left or right The nudge controls move the area one small step at a time CDF CCDF and PDF You can select to print CDF Cumulative Distribution Function CCDF Display Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function or PDF Probability Density Function displays from the Print toolbar All displays are printable in black and white or color depending on the capabilities of your printer For all of these displays you can set the resolution data source trace or gates minimum and maximum power and the number of data sets or runs with counte
6. Meters iii Table of Contents iv RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Preface Preface Safety Information Product general safety information EMC and safety compliance and environmental compliance information for the products discussed in this manual are located in the Installation and Safety Instructions You can find this document in print form in the box that shipped with your product in electronic form on the USB memory device in the box that shipped with your product or online at www tektronix com manuals Please refer to that document before installing and using this product About This Manual This document contains the following information about the Tektronix PSM3000 Series PSM4000 Series and PSM5000 Series RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters m The Getting Started chapter provides an overview of instrument features installation instructions and a functional check procedure See page 1 The Operating Basics chapter provides information about how measurements work how to configure the instrument for making measurements and information about averaging pulse measurements CW measurements and pulse profiling See page 13 The Power Meter Application chapter provides information about using this application See page 19 The Pulse Profiling Application chapter provides information about using this application See page 31 The High Speed Logger Application chapter provides information about
7. RF and microwave signals with PSM5000 series instruments use the Pulse Profiling application This application displays a trace of the pulse envelope and allows you to take measurements at any point on the trace CAUTION Do not exceed 23 dBm 200 mW or 3 15 VRMS Ensure that the RF input connector on the sensor and the mating connector are clean and undamaged NOTE Using more than one type of application at a time can result in errors It is recommended that you use only one type of application at a time Menu Features The main elements of the Pulse Profiling application interface are shown here 0592 007 Figure 3 Pulse Profiling application interface RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 31 Pulse Profiling Application 32 Highlight Span The main elements of the display are 1 2 Banner unit address and the unit name Toolbar Allows you to configure the instrument for measurements control the display access Help and perform other tasks See page 36 Toolbar Functions Panoramic Trace The Panoramic Trace is displayed on a grid with 10 vertical divisions that indicate power and 10 horizontal divisions that indicate time You can highlight a portion of the Panoramic trace by clicking and dragging the cursor directly on the Panoramic trace Current trace parameters are also listed above the grid Measurement Trace The highlighted time segment from the panoramic trace
8. applications you wish to install High Speed Logger Sample Code Z Power Meter application Click Next to continue Z Pulse Profiing application High Speed Logger 4 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Getting Started 6 Confirm location for download or provide a location and then click Next i Tektronix Power Sensor Applications Select Installation Folder The installer will install Tektronix Power Sensor Applications to the following folder To install in this folder click Next To install to a different folder enter it below or click Browse Folder C Program Files T ektronix T ektronix Power Sensor Applications Browse Disk Cost Install Tektronix Power Sensor Applications for yourself or for anyone who uses this computer Everyone O Just me Cancel 7 When prompted confirm installation by selecting Next i Tektronix Power Sensor Applications Confirm Installation The installer is ready to install Tektronix Power Sensor Applications on your computer Click Next to start the installation Cancel lt Back f RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Getting Started 8 When the installation is complete a dialog box will appear stating that the software was successfully i installed Select Close to exit Installation Complete i Tektronix Power Sensor Applications Tektronix Power Sensor Applications has been successfully installed Click Close to
9. cycle measurement must be positioned with the same restrictions as the PRT and PRF measurements The measurement then proceeds to sort all samples into one of two bins One bin is the ON bin and the other bin is the OFF bin All points within 3 dB of the pulse top are placed in the ON bin All other samples are placed in the OFF bin Then a simple calculation is done DC Duty Cycle ON samples FON samples OFF samples Pulse Power Pls Returns the average power between the rising and falling edges of the first complete pulses in dBm The gate must be positioned exactly like PW measurements The average of all samples between the rising and falling edges is reported The pulse edges are defined by the pulse peak criteria This measurement can be limited by the threshold value Peak Power Pk Returns the highest power level between two gates There is no requirement for a rising or falling edge anywhere within the measurement window as defined by the gates Average Power Avg Returns the average power between two gates There is no requirement for a rising or falling edge anywhere within the measurement window as defined by the gates Crest Factor CF or CrF Returns the difference between the peak power and average power in dB There is no requirement for a rising or falling edge anywhere within the measurement window as defined by the gates RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 43 Pulse Profiling A
10. quick stable measurements TTL trigger input and output allow synchronization with external instruments m Pass Fail limit mode The PSM3000 series offers True Average power measurements that give accurate results regardless of signal shape or modulation RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Preface m The PSM4000 and PSM5000 series offer average power pulse power duty cycle peak power and crest factor measurements The PSM5000 series includes a Pulse Profiling application for making measurements on repetitive pulsed signals Where To Find More Information Table i Product documentation To read about You can find more information about your instrument in the following documents These documents can be found on the Tektronix Web site at www tektronix com manuals on the product documentation USB device that shipped with your instrument or both Use these documents Product compliance safety and set up and installation information Installation and Safety Instructions available printed on the product documentation USB device that shipped with your instrument and for download at www tektronix com manuals Operation configuration and application information User manual this manual available in English German French Spanish Italian Portuguese Russian Korean Japanese Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese on the product documentation USB device that shipped with your instrument and for downlo
11. series instrument is referred to as a true average sensor which means it integrates the broadband power contained in the signal under test Although the measurement hardware is different the results are similar to a thermal sensor A PSM3000 series instrument works well on modulation that falls anywhere within the bandwidth of the sensor Average power can also be measured accurately on the PSM4000 and PSM5000 series however the sampling technology that enables pulse measurements also limits the modulation bandwidth to 10 MHz RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Operating Basics Pulse Measurements NOTE This information applies to the PSM4000 and PSM5000 series instruments only The PSM4000 and PSMS5000 series instruments use a detector sampling system and signal processing to detect RF pulses and perform measurements on them In addition to overall average power these instruments can measure the following m Average power within the pulse m Peak power within the pulse Duty cycle Crest factor which is also called peak to average power ratio The undersampling technique used to perform pulse measurements relies on the pulses being repetitive That is these instruments will not perform single shot measurements nor will they operate well on signals in which modulation constantly varies Averaging and extended averaging can be used to increase the measurement window improve the quality of low level m
12. stop taking measurements For a single set of measurements click on the Start button The Copy button transfers the three measurements to the clipboard so you can paste them into a document Data Logging Burst measurements can be logged to a text file To do this type in or browse to a file and then enable logging by selecting the Log Measurements check box Meas Update Rate The measurement update rate determines how quickly measurements are updated Options are Slowest Slow Medium Fast and Fastest This function is found in the Measurement drop down menu RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 23 Power Meter Application 24 Minimum Loss Pad Menu Triggering Single The instrument has a 50 Q input impedance However for applications requiring a 75 Q input impedance you may attach a 75 QO minimum loss pad MLP to the input You can correct for the pad by selecting 75 ohm MLP from the Offsets amp Response menu The instrument will adjust its measurements accordingly and the display will indicate 75ohm MLP if selected This button calls the Triggering setup menu From here you can set triggering to internal or external continuous and internal or external single You can also set the TTL trigger in out inverted trigger and trigger timeout NOTE When the trigger timeout is set to long and triggers occur slowly the Power Meter interface will respond slowly to mouse clicks Trigger In The external trig
13. stops Markers are used to make measurements at a particular point Normal Markers or measure the difference between two points Delta Markers Markers are only available in the Measurement Trace window The value of the active marker is displayed in the upper left portion of the Measurement Trace window unless it is turned off The value of each marker is displayed in the Results window Z ia Triggering amp Delay Averaging amp Filters Markers Gates Display Control Display Options Store Rece 1 f 40 of y 3 Of 4 Oy Sify He A Y GP amp e AllMksOfF Measurement Threshold 55 dBm Pulse Critiria 3 00 dB Marker 1 through 5 Select the marker numbers to turn them off Off on asa Normal marker or on as a Delta marker You can then select Set Position from each marker drop down menu to position the marker You can also place the marker by clicking in the Panoramic Trace window RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application To move or place a particular marker the Pointer Control mode found in the Display Control toolbar and in the Results window must be set to Markers FL Mks Once a marker is turned on and the pointer mode is set to Markers you can click and drag on the Measurement area to position the marker As you move the marker the notation in the upper left corner of the Measurement grid will be updated The x value time is determined by the position of the c
14. this menu function to set the instrument to continuously provide a new trace with each new trigger event Single Sweep Use this menu function to set the instrument for a single sweep The instrument will then wait for a trigger each time the Single button is clicked Single This button is blue when Single Sweep trigger is active Click this button to initiate a trigger sequence Delay Trigger Use this menu function to delay the beginning of a trace from the trigger event for up to 10 ms This may be used to capture high resolution traces long after the trigger event Trigger Out Use this menu function to enable the TTL trigger output TO signal and invert it Timeout Use this menu function to set a timeout period for an external trigger input up to 10 seconds If a trigger event is not detected in the allotted time the system will time out and the Trigger indicator will appear at the top center of the Measurement Trace window NOTE If the trigger timeout is set long and triggers occur slowly the meter display will appear sluggish as the instrument waits for triggers RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 39 Pulse Profiling Application Averaging amp Filters Markers You can use averaging and the low pass filter can help improve measurements near the noise floor of the instrument Increasing the number of averages maintains wave shape but slows down the update rate of the trace A lower low pass filter setting w
15. to place the gate You can also place the gate by clicking in the Panoramic Trace window To move or place a particular gate the Pointer Control mode found in the Display Control toolbar and in the Results window must be set to Gates Fil Gates NOTE Only one gate can be active at a time though all five gates can be displayed simultaneously The active gate will have an asterisk next to its letter in the toolbar and the gate letter will be underlined and appear slightly larger in the trace display The following general gate positioning diagram shows where to place the gates for the various measurement types See Figure 4 The time gates allow characterization of the pulse signal to include the following parameters selectable in the Gates toolbar from the Gate drop down menus You can also make all of the following measurements automatically by clicking the Start Measurement button in the Auto Measure window A brief description of every measurement follows After the list of measurements there are some measurement examples that guide you through the gate setups Rise Time RT Returns the time required for the signal to increase in amplitude from 10 to 90 of the amplitude defined by the placement if the right most gate RT is measured on the first complete pulse the left gate determines the start of data and the right gate marks the highest point to be considered RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Prof
16. using this application See page 52 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters v Preface Products Key Features vi The Tektronix PSM3000 Series PSM4000 Series and PSM5000 Series RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters convert radio frequency RF and microwave power into digital data at the point of measurement They are ideal for troubleshooting and characterization in the lab and can be used for radio frequency RF component testing These products connect directly to a desktop or laptop computer with a USB 2 0 port and cable Product Description Connector type PSM3110 10MHz 8GHz 3 5mm male PSM3120 10MHz 8GHz N Type male PSM3310 10MHz 18GHz 3 5mm male PSM3320 10MHz 18GHz N Type male PSM3510 10MHz 26 5GHz 3 5mm male PSM4110 10MHz 8GHz 3 5mm male PSM4120 10MHz 8GHz N Type male PSM4320 50MHz 18GHz N Type male PSM4410 50MHz 20GHz 3 5mm male PSM5110 100MHz 8GHz 3 5mm male PSM5120 100MHz 8GHz N Type male PSM5320 50MHz 18GHz N Type male PSM5410 50MHz 20GHz 3 5mm male Reading rates up to 2000 readings per second Meters are calibrated over full temperature range No zero or cal needed before making measurements saving time and avoiding poor quality data m Average power duty cycle corrected pulse power and measurement logging on all models m Max hold and relative measurement modes Offset frequency response and 75 Q minimum loss pad correction m Flexible averaging modes for
17. 0_25_2011 zip File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q BH Psh Py roders E Address C Documents and SettingsiMy Documents setup 10_25_2011 zip Getting Started Eek Type Packed Has Folder Tasks C File Folder OKB File Folder OKB E Ext jll Fil Appleton se mo Other Places Software My Documents GJ My Network Places Ra Date 0 54 10 25 2011 1 27 AM 2 The installer will open and guide you through the installation procedure Select Next to continue i Tektronix Power Sensor Applications Welcome to the Tektronix Power Sensor Applications Setup Wizard The installer will guide you through the steps required to install Tektronix Power Sensor Applications on your computer WARNING This computer program is protected by copyright law and international treaties Unauthorized duplication or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in severe civil or criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under the lawy 3 If you have a previous version of the instrument software uninstall it before proceeding If you are ready to continue installation click Next RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters i Tektronix Power Sensor Applications Tektronix Power Sensor Applications Information Sa Disconnect all Tektronix sensors before continuing with this installation Reconnect the sensor s after installation is complete If you
18. 39 external TTL 39 internal auto level 38 internal manual level 39 menu 24 out 39 single 24 39 single sweep 39 source 38 timeout 39 Triggering amp Delay toolbar 38 U undersampling 15 Undersampling 22 38 Units of power 20 Update rate 23 USB connect multiple instruments 1 SB cable 6 SB driver installation 6 USB requirements 1 Utility toolbar 47 W Windows moving 36 U U Z Zero and calibration 17 Zoom Display Control toolbar 44 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters
19. 9 015 dB Avg 17 171 dBm DC 21 781 Markers Marker 1 Off Marker 2 Off Marker 3 Off Marker 4 Off Marker 5 Off tes 4 Pulse Pwr Meas 8 363 dBm Gate B Off Gate C Off Gate D Off Gate E Off m 2 8 8 D CEN 0 0 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application Auto Measure Window This window allows you to make a comprehensive list of measurements based on the Measurement Trace window by clicking the Start Measurement button A toolbar also allows you to select Gates Markers or Highlight functions to select the percentage of highlight to reset the Measurement Trace window to include the entire Panoramic trace and to zoom in and out on the Measurement trace In addition to the gate measurements the Auto Measurement feature performs an On Off Ratio measurement This measurement returns the difference in dB between the average power while the pulse is on to the average power while the pulse is off during the first complete cycle Auto Measure Start Measurement Copy Data 2 41 Average_Power 15 697 dBm Crest_Factor 6 113 dB Droop 0 045 dB Duty_Cycle 24 866 Fall_Time 25 477 nsec On_Off_Ratio 52 057 dB Overshoot 0 042 dB Peak_Power 9 584 dBm PRF 49 997 kHz PRT 20 001 usec Pulse_Power 9 667 dBm Pulse_Width 4 973 usec Rise_Time 39 552 nsec NOTE The Auto Measurement feature requires at least two complete cycles of the pulse to be viewabl
20. Default Setup Click this button to return all measurement parameters to their default settings but not user defined settings such as display color or window size When you start the application for the first time all parameters are in their default settings Unless you change one or more parameters they will remain at their default values See Table 2 Table 2 Power Meter default values Parameter Default value Mode CW Frequency 1 GHz Power units dBm Averaging 75 Measured Pulse Setup 3 dB PSM4000 and PSM5000 series only Measurement Update Rate Medium Display Default Sweep Time 1 ms Offset 0 dB disabled RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 25 Power Meter Application Recall Factory Setup Sensor ID Set Address Set Sensor Name Error Messages 26 Table 2 Power Meter default values cont Parameter Default value Response 0 dB disabled Duty Cycle 10 disabled Minimum Loss Pad 75 ohm Not selected The Default Setup button will not change the input impedance if this value is selected enabled Application launch sets the input to 50 Q Trigger Mode Internal Continuous Trigger Out Disabled Select this menu item from the Utility drop down menu to reset all measurement parameters and user preferences such as display color and window size to default settings Click this button to identify an instrument The LED on the identified instrument will blink fou
21. PSM3000 PSM4000 and PSM5000 Series RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters User Manual FOOT AAU UID OOIT UNUT ENDED TTN Tektronix 077 0592 01 S PSM3000 PSM4000 and PSM5000 Series RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters User Manual www tektronix com Tektronix 077 0592 01 S Copyright Tektronix All rights reserved Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions Tektronix products are covered by U S and foreign patents issued and pending Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material Specifications and price change privileges reserved TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix Inc Contacting Tektronix Tektronix Inc 14150 SW Karl Braun Drive P O Box 500 Beaverton OR 97077 USA For product information sales service and technical support In North America call 1 800 833 9200 Worldwide visit www tektronix com to find contacts in your area Warranty Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three 3 years from the date of shipment If any such product proves defective during this warranty period Tektronix at its option either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product P
22. RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Power Meter Application Burst Measurements The PSM4000 and PSMS5000 series instruments allow you to make measurements on RF bursts To access this measurement select Burst Measurement from the Measurement drop down menu From the window that appears you can specify a trigger a delay relative to the trigger and the sweep time over which the power measurement is taken The instrument will then display the peak power average power and minimum power measured during the qualified duration Trigger point Begin burst End burst time slot time slot gt Delay Sweep time time 0592 008 Figure 2 Diagram of a burst time slot Trigger The measurement can be triggered by the incoming RF signal or from an external TTL source When using the Internal Auto Level setting the trigger level is automatically set to approximately half the pulse amplitude Delay The delay time determines how long after the trigger the sweep time begins Sweep Time The sweep time defines the duration of the measurement Resolution The power measurement data is taken at the real time sample rate of the instrument which is 500 kS s This results in a fixed resolution of 2 us Measure The measurements consist of peak power average power and minimum power observed during the specified sweep time Measurements can be set to update continuously by selecting the Continuous check box Deselect the check box to
23. acing 1000 msec Make a Simple Measurement 58 The following information outlines how to make some simple measurements using this application These procedures assume that a single instrument is connected and that you have installed the appropriate applications 1 Start the High Speed Logger Application selecting Yes to initialize the instrument Select the Data Storage tab and click the Browse button Select Desktop your desktop and then click OK Enter TestFile into the File Name text box RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Troubleshooting Memory Errors High Speed Logger Application Check the Append and View Data boxes if they are not already checked Select Tab Separated Data for the file delimiter Click the Measurement tab and select CW Set the units to dBm and the frequency to 1 000 GHz Click the Meas Start tab and select start button is clicked D eo ey ge oe Click the Meas Stop tab and select stop button is clicked 10 Click the Meas Spacing tab and select as fast as possible 11 Click the Start button wait one to two seconds then click Stop 12 A Notepad or text file should appear with the data Depending on the time between clicking Start and Stop you may have several thousand lines If you used tab delimited text you should be able to copy and paste portions of this file directly into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet You should see the icon for the file on your desktop and the name
24. ad at www tektronix com manuals Specifications and field verification procedures Specifications and Field Verification Technical Reference available on the product documentation USB device that shipped with your instrument and for download at www tektronix com manuals Declassification and security Declassification and Security Instructions available for download at www tektronix com manuals Programming information Programmer s Manual available on the product documentation USB device that shipped with your instrument and for download at www tektronix com manuals Online help Online help is available in the SW application you load onto your computer when you first install the instrument RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters vil Preface viii RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Getting Started Install the Software Computer System and USB Requirements This section provides the following information How to install the software How to install the USB driver and connect to a computer How to start and application and perform a functional check Before connecting the instrument to a computer you need to first load the software provided on the USB memory device that shipped with your instrument You can also find the latest software on the Tektronix Web site at www tektronix com software Computer hardware requirements The computer onto which you are downloading the instrument software m
25. an Pointer Control il HiLite Fimkrs Gates Zoom In and Out Click the zoom icons to increase or decrease the trace display resolution These icons are also available at the top of the Results window 44 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application Reset This button returns the Measurement trace to full view This option is also available at the top of the Results window Pointer Control The Pointer Control mode can be set to Highlight mts h Markers Ti Mks or Gates Il Gates The settings control which of these the mouse can manipulate when clicking and dragging in a trace display These icons are also available at the top of the Results window Display Options This toolbar allows you to adjust how the trace windows and other windows are viewed For example you can adjust the size and color of markers and gates in the Measurement Trace window or the appearance of text in the Results window Triggering amp Dela Display Options Display Control Averaging amp Filters Marker Color amp Size Gate Color amp Size Display Font Results Font Display Colors Themes Grid On Off Meas Notation On Off Marker Color and Size This button allows you to change the style shape color and size of the markers Click to button to view the Marker Definition window and make your selections Marker Definition Selected Marker s Marker Definition Marker 1 Marker 2 Style EAE v Marker 3 7 Mark
26. anual measurement like the one just explained with an automatic measurement by doing the following 1 Check that there are at least two pulse cycles in the Measurement window 2 Click on the Auto Measure tab to view the Auto Measure window 3 Click Start Measurement 4 Compare the results RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 51 High Speed Logger Application High Speed Logger Application NOTE This application is available for all instrument models NOTE Using more than one type of application at a time can result in errors It is recommended that you use only one type of application at a time CAUTION Do not exceed 23 dBm 200 mW or 3 15 VRMS Ensure that the RF input connector on the sensor and the mating connector are clean and undamaged When you first open the High Speed Logger Application a window will appear asking if you would like to initialize the instrument Select Yes If you have multiple instruments connected select an instrument by clicking on the instrument name and then click Initialize Sensor The default view will look similar to the following image See Figure 6 2 Tektronix High Speed Data Logger Help Initialize Sensor Data Storage Measurement Meas Start Meas Stop Meas Spacing Path jc File Name test Final File Name lt lt SAMPLE gt gt test_111102_141046 tst Append date amp time stamp to file name View Data upon Completion File Delimite
27. are O Yes this time only O Yes now and every time connect a device O No not this time Click Next to continue Cancel 3 Select Install the software automatically arre Recommended and then select Next to continue Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install software for Tektronix USB Sensor if your hardware with an installation CD or floppy disk insert it now What do you want the wizard to do O Install from a list or specific location Advanced Click Next to continue RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 7 Getting Started 4 The Wizard will search for the appropriate software Found New Hardware Wizard Once found the driver will install a E LR E E A Ke Tektronix USB Sensor be w Setting a system restore point and backing up old files in case your system needs to be restored in the future 5 The Wizard will show you when the installation is O E OE complete Select Finish er Completing the Found New You can now open the Power Meter application or ieaders Wizard other instrument applications that were installed The wizard has finished installing the software for Tektronix USB Sensor Click Finish to close the wizard 8 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Getting Started Connect Multiple If you are connecting more than one instrument to a computer use a USB hub Instruments The USB port or hub must supply mor
28. are also accessible using the settings panel buttons RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 19 Power Meter Application 20 CW Pulse Save Recall Manage Named States Frequency Meas Units Limits On Off 3 Digital Readout shows measurements in digital format shows limits as pass fail low high or off 4 Settings Panel access measurement setups offset setups trigger setups and utility functions by clicking on the related button 5 Power Meter Bar provides an analog view of the meter reading this view can be enabled in the Display drop down menu Switch between CW and Pulse measurements Call the Save Named State window In this window you can save your test setup as a register or as a named state This function is also accessible from the Save Recall drop down menu There are 10 Save Recall registers and each register holds an entire state The states are not held in the instrument but reside on the local PC Call the Recall Named State window In this window you can recall a register or a state This function is also accessible from the Save Recall drop down menu This menu item is found in the Save Recall drop down menu It calls a Manage Named states window from which you can delete and view named states Select the frequency units MHz or GHz The center frequency must be updated when the incoming signal frequency changes as this frequency setting is used to determine calibration factors The best
29. arts modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance All replaced parts modules and products become the property of Tektronix In order to obtain service under this warranty Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix with shipping charges prepaid Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges duties taxes and any other charges for products returned to any other locations This warranty shall not apply to any defect failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install repair or service the product b to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment c to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non Tektronix supplies or d to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the ef
30. bration A Measurement Resolution The following information will help you configure the instrument to make measurements You must set the center frequency when the incoming signal frequency changes Measurement accuracy requires that the frequency be set Not doing so can be a significant source of errors Each application provides a button or menu option for setting the frequency of the incoming signal Each application provides a button or menu option enabling you to change an instrument address This function is most useful when you have multiple instruments connected to a computer After you change the address to an instrument the software application will close Disconnect and then reconnect the instrument before reopening the application The new address will appear for that instrument These power sensors are stable over a wide range of temperatures You do not need to zero or calibrate these instruments before using them or if the temperature changes A factory calibration is required once a year to maintain traceability to national standards CAUTION The PSM3000 series instruments require time to thermally stabilize Little if any warm up time is required for measurements above 40 0 dBm However to make accurate measurements below 40 0 dBm allow the PSM3000 series instrument to thermally stabilize for one hour The amplitude resolution is fixed to a thousandth of a measurement unit Frequency is selectable in MH
31. ctivated For pulse measurements each reading Pulse Peak CrF Avg DC is held at its maximum value independent of the other readings You can reset or restart this function by clicking on Reset You can also find this item in the Measurement drop down menu A MAX indicator will appear in the digital display when Max hold is enabled RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 21 Power Meter Application 22 Set Ref Offset Freq Resp Anti alias Control Measured Pulse Setup Set the reference value so that a subsequent power level can be measured relative to the power measurement on the display When Ref Offset is activated the REL indicator will show in the digital readout display and the power units will change to dB relative You can enable this setting from the Offsets amp Response drop down menu item called Relative Units On Off Set gain or loss offsets to be applied to all measurements You can also find this item in the Offsets amp Response drop down menu An OFS indicator will appear on the digital display when Offset is enabled Set frequency dependent gain or loss offsets to be applied to measurements This is a frequency sensitive offset so as you change the measurement frequency the response changes accordingly Response amplitude is always expressed in dB and the frequency is expressed in Hz The interpolation is linear with respect to frequency and dB The frequency response feature must be enabled bef
32. e in the Measurement Trace window in order to make accurate measurements Start Measurement Click Start Measurement to capture the instantaneous values shown above The readings will not continuously update but will make a single sweep of the trace You must click Start Measurement each time to update the measured readings A description of each measurement is shown at the bottom of the pane when you click on the measurement label Copy Data Click Copy Data to copy the measurement results to the clipboard and then paste it to your document of choice RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 35 Pulse Profiling Application Customize the Display Toolbar Functions Main The display is composed of five movable windows that can be rearranged on the display using Microsoft drag and drop tools Moving menu tabs You can rearrange the menus in the menu panel Just click on the menu you want to move and then drag it the desired location in the menu panel When you release the mouse button the menu will be in the new location Moving windows The Panoramic Trace Measurement Trace Results and Auto Measure windows can be moved and placed anywhere on the display using the docking popup or by clicking and dragging To activate the docking popup and move a window do the following 1 Click and hold on one of the four windows in the display 2 Drag the window until you see the docking popup appear 3 Place the window you are moving ove
33. e than 450 mA at 5 VDC for power instrument operation Read more about USB power requirements See page 1 Computer System and USB Requirements Computer Signal source USB cables USB hub DUT s Power sensor s Io f 7 Io l H H l LSS TT USB cables _ LED Indicator There is a green LED located below the trigger out TO connector on the instrument This LED indicates instrument status as follows m Dim green and steady This shows power is being supplied to the instrument but that the instrument has not yet been recognized by the computer Bright green and steady This is the state for normal operation and shows that power is being supplied to the instrument and that the instrument has been recognized Bright green and blinking This state shows that the instrument is not getting enough current from the USB port This usually means that the USB port is not a high current USB 2 0 port Bright green and blinks a few times This state is activated when you have requested the software to identify the instrument This is useful when you have multiple instruments connected at once See page 10 Start An Application RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 9 Getting Started Start An Application Functional Check To start an application double click the appropriate icon on the D
34. easurement Threshold function is also used to set the lower limit of data used in gated measurements Pulse Criteria Select to view the Pulse window where you can set the threshold value enable the threshold or return the threshold to a default value This function is used to define that portion of the total trace that is to be considered RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 41 Pulse Profiling Application Gates part of a pulse The pulse criteria defines the edges of the positive portion of the entire pulse and is relative or added to the measurement threshold if threshold is enabled It is relative to the noise floor if the measurement threshold is disabled The time gates allow you to characterize the incoming signal Rise time fall time and droop measurements are very sensitive to the position of the gates These measurements use the position of the gates as starting and end points for the measurement See page 42 Gate Measurement Types in Gates Toolbar Main Triggering amp Delay Averaging amp Filters Markers Gates Display Control Gate amp GateB GateC GateD FallTime GateE Rise Time All Gates Off Gate Measurement Types 42 in Gates Toolbar Gates A through E There are five time gate pairs A E The drop down menu for each gate allows you to set measurement type and gate position You can then select Set Position from the gate drop down menu to access the Set Position window
35. easurements and increase the probability of sampling peak power The detection and sampling system in these instruments make it possible to measure signals with modulation rates up to 10 MHz The real time sampling rate of PSM4000 and PSM5000 series instruments is 500 kS s which is much lower than the video bandwidth of 10 MHz Aliasing may affect accuracy on signals with modulation bandwidth greater than 200 kHz An anti aliasing feature is provided to eliminate the effect of aliasing for signals greater than 200 kHz The anti aliasing feature requires some additional processing power and may slow down the measurement rate when it is active In order to perform pulse measurements criteria for recognizing pulses have to be established This involves setting a threshold The points at which the envelope crosses this threshold determine the beginning and end of the pulse The method for setting the criteria differs somewhat between the Power Meter and the Pulse Profiling applications so consult the appropriate sections of this manual for details Both applications allow you to select an automatic setting that will work for most applications RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 15 Operating Basics Pulse Profiling NOTE This information applies to the PSM5000 series instruments only The PSMS5000 series instruments using the Pulse Profiling application use equivalent time sampling to build a trace of the envelope of repetitive inp
36. er 4 Size Dynamic default w Marker 5 Color Marker Notation On RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 45 Pulse Profiling Application 46 Print Gate Color and Size This button allows you to change the line style color and size of the gates Click to button to view the Gate Definition window and make your selections Gate Definition Selected Gate s Gate Definition Selected gates Line Style Solid Line oo Notation ALL gates Size D ynamic default v Gate Notation On Display Font This button allows you to change the font type style size and language script of the trace display text Display Colors This button allows you to select the background trace grid text and notation and highlight colors from a drop down menu You can also select the degree of highlight opacity Themes This button allows you to select color themes for the display from a drop down menu Grid On Off This button allows you to turn the Panoramic and Measurement Trace window grids on and off Meas Notation On Off This button allows you to turn the measurement notation in the Panoramic and Measurement Trace windows on and off This toolbar enables you to select to print the Panoramic trace and the Measurement trace You can also select to print CDF Cumulative Distribution Function CCDF Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function or PDF Probability Density Function display
37. esktop of your computer or select it from its program location on your computer for example through the Start menu NOTE An application will not launch unless the instrument is connected to the computer If you are using multiple instruments you must open a new instance of the application software for each instrument Each instance of the software identifies its corresponding instrument by displaying the model serial number and port address in the software window title bar To identify which instrument corresponds to which software window compare the serial number displayed in the software to the serial number stamped on the instrument body below the USB port Or click Sensor ID in the application which causes the instrument LED to blink four times After you have installed the software and connected the instrument to a computer perform this functional check to verify that your instrument is operating correctly You will need the following equipment to perform the functional check Equipment Part number RF Microwave Source Agilent N5183A or equivalent Windows PC with Power Meter application installed USB cable 174 6150 00 Adapters as needed to connect RF source to instrument RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Getting Started Warm Up Procedure 1 For 24 hours prior to and during execution of this test procedure the instrument must be stored in a stable laboratory environment In addi
38. esults are highly dependent on the placement of the markers Placing markers at the precise 3 dB down points can be problematic for pulses with very fast rise and fall times Follow this procedure to make a marker measurement of a pulse width 1 Highlight a single pulse in the Measurement Trace window See page 32 Highlight Span 2 Zoom in on the pulse to position the marker for a Pulse Width measurement 3 Select Markers from the toolbar 4 Click on the Marker 1 down arrow and select the Normal marker type Notice that Marker 1 appears in the Measurement window at center graticule RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application The mode in the Results window toolbar will switch from highlight 42 to Markers TL k s in the Results window NOTE Alternately you can right click on the individual marker in the Results window to select the marker type Move the marker to the left edge of the pulse The delta will be measured relative to this value Click on the Marker 2 down arrow and select the Delta marker type Notice that Marker 2 appears in the Measurement window at center graticule Place the Delta marker at the right edge of the pulse Notice that the Delta Marker 1 DMk1 value located above the left edge of the Measurement grid is the approximate pulse width of the signal The relative and absolute Delta marker values are shown in the Results window Click All Mkrs Off to turn of
39. exit Please use Windows Update to check for any critical updates to the NET Framework 9 Each downloaded application will now have an associated icon on the Desktop of your computer Before opening the application connect the instrument to your computer See page 6 Connect to a Tektronix Computer PowerMeter Application Connect to a Computer Install the USB Driver This instrument is powered through a USB cable that you attach to a computer Use the following procedure to install the USB driver so that the computer can communicate with the instrument Once the driver is installed you can start the Power Meter application software and any other instrument applications that were installed NOTE Tektronix recommends using the USB cable supplied with this product The supplied cable has 20 AWG power conductors that are a heavier gauge than most USB cables 6 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Getting Started 1 Use a USB A to USB B interface cable to connect the instrument to the computer 2 A Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard dialog box will appear Select Yes this time only and then select Next to continue Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard Found New Hardware Wizard Windows will search for current and updated software by looking on your computer on the hardware installation CD or on eb site with your permission Can Windows connect to Windows Update to search for softw
40. expanding the measurement interval This increases the amount of data used to determine peak pulse power crest factor and duty cycle For signals with narrow pulses or fast peaks increase averaging to achieve stable peak power crest factor and duty cycle measurements For example each raw measurement takes about 250 us Setting the averaging to 10 000 would result in a 250 us x 10 000 2 5 s delay between displayed readings The average is calculated before each reading is displayed If averaging is set high then the display updates slowly Extended Averaging You can combine Averaging and Extended Averaging to balance stability and Reset responsiveness for your application and preference With the Ext Avg Reset button and Measurement drop down menu you can set enable and reset extended averaging Extended averaging should be seen as an adjunct to averaging it may be used to further smooth readings and does not slow down the display update rate as does averaging Since extended averaging applies a running exponential average of the last n readings where n is the number of extended averages the display updates quickly but the measurements respond to changes more slowly The Reset button resets or restarts both the max hold and extended averaging functions An xAvg indicator will appear in the digital display when extended averaging is enabled and set greater than 1 Max Reset Retains the maximum measured value until reset or dea
41. f the markers when you are finished Make a Gated Measurement Follow this procedure to set up the gates based on the example input used for markers 1 Highlight a single pulse in the Panoramic window See page 32 Highlight Span 2 Click the zoom in icon in the Results window and scroll left or right to center the pulse 3 Select the Gates toolbar 4 All gates A E should be off Left click on the Gate A drop down menu and select Pulse Width Observe that the gate pair appears at center graticule in the Measurement window The active gate will have an asterisk next to it in the toolbar and the A will be underlined and appear slightly larger in the Measurement Trace window Observe that the measured value will appear in the Results window under the active gate and above the grid in the Measurement window RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 49 Pulse Profiling Application 7 Pulse width measurements require a rising and falling transition through the 3 dB points Do the following to adjust the gates NOTE A complete cycle of the incoming signal must be gated for periodic measurements such as duty cycle and frequency a Click on the left gate in the Measurement window and move it to the left until the rising edge of the pulse is positioned to the right of the left gate See Figure 5 b Click on the right gate in the Measurement window and move it to the right until the falling edge of the pulse is pos
42. fect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE TEKTRONIX RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES W4 15AUG04 Table of Contents PREPAC ei isiss ddesais naka ddan ialandiael canacaddiehens dal E dul dadedaadibhnanmedanhadschenades badadeladadanleadacdadobeets v Safety InformatOmiss icc ccicbvtenaceonreed hac EE T ET TE T OEE OET ETR v About This Manual ssccccets canes nnaaiuniernneernaaaom E EEEE ETEEN v PRO GUCIS iieiea sateinececuiidacaieuheuvedaxuadadioniaelustlea re E EE E EEE N A E NATED aN vi Key Features secer iore iane lad E EE E E E E E eA vi Where To Find More Information c ccc cce cece een eee eee enn ends nen e ene n nee nas vii Getting Startede eese e n Ea a E a E E E E E EE ENSS 1 Install the Software eron ie E O E TE ET E ER RETO EEEN 1 Connect toca Computer serere ao as aE Ean E E EE A ENE aes 6 Start An Applicati
43. ger input is assumed to be a TTL level and positive edge trigger Trigger in can be enabled disabled or inverted After the trigger is detected the measurement will commence and will continue for the specified number of averages In External Single mode the system will wait for you to click the Single button and then it will monitor the trigger in port If a trigger is not detected in the allotted time the system will time out and return an ext trig indicator When the trigger in is inverted the system will look for a negative edge instead of a positive edge and begin the measurement when a negative edge is detected You can set a trigger timeout period for an external trigger input up to 30 seconds Trigger Out The trigger output is compatible with TTL levels It can be enabled disabled and inverted A trigger out pulse occurs at the beginning of each measurement Even if the external trigger is disabled and trigger out is enabled a trigger will be produced each time a measurement is made By default the trigger output is normally low The start of the trigger is indicated by arising edge on the output The output stays at a TTL high level for a few microseconds and then returns to a low level If the trigger out is inverted it will transition from a high to a low TTL level to indicate when a trigger has occurred NOTE When multiple Power Meter instances are running the absence of a trigger in one instance of the Power Meter a
44. have installed previous versions of Tektronix software please read This software represents an improvement in our support for USB plug amp play features In order to achieve the best result it is important to uninstall all previously installed Tektronix applications before proceeding with this installation In the event that this computer contains custom software that depends on the Tektronix drivers please contact the responsible Test Fnnineer hefnre nrareedinn If wan are the recnancihle Test Fnnineer Getting Started 4 Read the license agreement and select agree and then click Next to continue i Tektronix Power Sensor Applications License Agreement Please take a moment to read the license agreement now If you accept the terms below click I Agree then Next Otherwise click Cancel End User License Agreement CAREFULLY READ THE FOLLOWING LICENSE AGREEMENT YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT BY CLICKING THE ICON LABELED I ACCEPT THAT IS DISPLAYED BELOW IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THIS LICENSE CLICK THE ICON LABELED CANCEL AND VOTTR ARDER WMT RE CANCETEN THR SORTWARE WITT O IDo Not Agree 5 The installer is ready to install the following software on your computer this will vary depending on options i Tektronix Power Sensor Applications and instrument model Select Applications and Desktop Icons Power Meter application Pulse Profiling application elect the application or
45. hen the measurements are completed RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 53 High Speed Logger Application The application also allows you to select the format of the files you save tab or comma delimited Tab delimited works well with spreadsheet applications like Microsoft Excel Data Storage Measurement Meas Start Meas Stop Meas Spacing Final File Name lt lt SAMPLE gt gt test_111104_061524 txt Append date amp time stamp to file name View Data upon Completion File Delimiter Comma Separated Data csv Tab Separated Data txt 54 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters High Speed Logger Application Measurement Use the Measurement window to select measurement type units and frequency In order to get accurate measurements you will need to set the frequency If CW is selected only the average or continuous wave power is recorded If Peak pulse is selected then all of the indicated parameters are recorded CW or average Peak pulse average power duty cycle amp crest factor Units dBm v Freg 1 000 GHz Averaging Averages 1 C Extended Averaging Enabled Reset Avg Ce JC see Oo RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 55 High Speed Logger Application Meas Start This window allows you to select when to start a measurement The measurement process proceeds as follows 1 56 Select the sta
46. ick Measurement gt Set Frequency and the Set Frequency dialog box will open 3 Enter 1 GHz and click OK 4 Confirm that the instrument is set to continuously trigger and then click Triggering gt Internal Continuous 5 Connect the instrument to the RF source and turn on RF power The display indicates approximately 0 dBm at 1 GHz The software tracks changes as you vary the source power RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 27 Power Meter Application Make a Pulse Measurement Using Duty Cycle This method of measuring average pulse power is available with all instrument models However this is the only method for measuring average pulse power on PSM3000 series instruments This measurement uses an assumed duty cycle as an adjustment to the indicated power This type of measurement is more prone to error than the signal processing pulse power measurements available on PSM4000 and PSM5000 series instruments However this a useful measurement approach when using PSM3000 series instruments The duty cycle correction calculation is Pulse Power Measured Power Duty Cycle Adjustment The duty cycle adjustment is 10logio Duty Cycle For instance if you measured an average power of 20 dBm and assumed a duty cycle of 10 0 10 then the pulse power would be calculated as Pulse Power 20 dBm 10logi9 Duty Cycle 20 dBm 10 dB 10dBm NOTE The instrument must be in CW Power mode to access this method
47. icrowave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application However the trace data has much higher resolution If you want to see more detail on a 10 000 point trace for example you can use the zoom icons on the Display Control toolbar See page 44 Zoom In and Out Table 3 Sweep time values Sweep time Time between samples Length of trace 10 us 0 0208 us 480 points 20 us 0 0208 us 960 points 50 ys 0 0208 us 2400 points 100 us 0 0208 ys 4800 points 200 us 0 0208 ys 9600 points 500 us 0 05 us 10 000 points 1ms 0 1 us 10 000 points 2ms 0 2 us 10 000 points 5 ms 0 5 us 10 000 points 10 ms 1 0 us 10 000 points 20 ms 2 0 us 10 000 points 50 ms 5 0 us 10 000 points 100 ms 10 0 us 10 000 points 200 ms 20 0 us 10 000 points 500 ms 50 0 us 10 000 points 1s 100 0 us 10 000 points Reference Level The Reference Level allows you to change the maximum value displayed in the Panoramic and Measurement windows It also allows you to change the vertical scale in the Measurement window The vertical scale setting only applies to the Measurement window NOTE The reference level and resolution settings are display functions that change the formatting of the data that is presented whereas offset and response modify the measured values Offset This function applies a constant offset to all measured data It shifts the actual values of the measured data Simple offsets can be useful but they are
48. iling Application Fall Time FT Returns the time required for the signal to decrease in amplitude from 90 to 10 of the amplitude as defined by the placement of the left most gate The right gate defines the end of data for this measurement Pulse Width PW Returns the pulse width in us The width of the pulse is the time for a signal to rise to within 3 dB of the top of the pulse and then fall 3 dB below the top of the pulse The left most gate defines the start of data and must precede a positive going edge The right most gate defines the end of data and must follow one or more subsequent falling edges Pulse Repetition Time PRT Returns the PRT in us The PRT is the time between the first rising edge and the second rising edge The gates for this measurement must include at least one complete uninterrupted cycle The left most gate must follow a positive going edge and the right most gate must precede one or more subsequent falling edges and at least one rising edge Pulse Repetition Frequency PRF Returns the PRF in Hz or kHz The PRF is the inverse of the time 1 PRT between the rising edges of two successive pulses The pulse edges are defined by the pulse peak criteria This measurement can be limited by the threshold value The gates for this type of measurement must be positioned with the same restrictions as the PRT measurement Duty Cycle DC Returns the percentage of on time during a selected cycle The gates for a duty
49. ill provide faster trace updates but results in a rounded pulse shape with longer rise and fall times Main Triggering amp Dela Averaging amp Filters Markers Filter 10 MHz Poles OnePole Averaging On 1 y Bae Averaging Select to turn averaging on or off When this function is turned on you can select the number of traces to be averaged from the drop down menu The number of averages can be set from to 100 It takes 0 3 to 1 0 ms to collect each trace Average Reset This button is blue when averaging is turned on Click the button to restart or reset trace averaging Filter This function allows you to select an appropriate low pass video filter depending on your measurement needs You can choose 100 kHz 200 kHz 300 kHz 500 kHz 1 MHz 2 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz and 10 MHz The 10 MHz setting is equivalent to turning the filter function off Poles This menu selection allows you to choose from one two three or four poles The number of poles determines the roll off rate of the low pass video filter The greater the number of poles the steeper the roll off resulting in a reduction in the high frequency components of the signal NOTE An informational dialog box will appear if the measurement becomes uncalibrated due to filter poles or sweep time settings An Uncal Meas label will also appear on both the Panoramic Trace and Measurement Trace grids Adjust the settings accordingly until the error message
50. itioned to the left of the right gate See Figure 5 50 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application 8 Observe that the measurement result does not change as long as an entire pulse is selected That is if you move the left gate closer to the left edge of the display the measurement result remains unchanged S Tektronix Pulse Profiling Application Addr 69 Main Triggering amp Delay Averaging amp Filters Markers Gates Display Control Display Options Print Store Recall utility Help GateA Pulse Width GateB GateC GateD GateE All Gates Off Panoramic Trace Results e0 0 4 gt A Reset Highlight Span fil Hiie Ji mks Fil Gates Trace Measurements Peak 9 424 dBm Pulse 9 525 dBm CrF 8 390 dB Avg 17 815 dBm DC 14 660 Markers Marker 1 Off Marker 2 Off a Marker 3 Off amp Marker 4 Off a Marker 5 Off Gates amp Gate A Pulse Width Meas 2 946 usec Start 499 600 usec Stop 503 300 usec Gate B Off Gate C Off Gate D Off Gate E Off 20 dBm Measurement Trace 10 dB Div Figure 5 Position of gates for measurement 9 Observe that the drop down menu on each gate shows the selection of measurements that can be made You can also right click on the gate in the Results window A dashed line will appear if the gate cannot take a measurement or is not set You can compare a m
51. k input levels fall below approximately 50 dBm In these cases use Internal Manual Level RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application Internal Manual Level You must set the trigger level manually The trigger is based on the input signal as it crosses the level you specify If you set the trigger level too high then you will not get a trace Instead you will get a Trigger message in the middle top of the Measurement grid This message indicates that a trigger was not found If the trigger is set too low then the system will trigger on noise A trigger pulse is sent out the TTL trigger output each time a sweep starts External TTL The instrument will take a measurement after it senses a transition on the TTL trigger input TI To use this trigger function connect an SMB cable to a TTL trigger source Use this capability to trigger on very low signal levels approaching the noise floor of the instrument For measuring very low signal levels use the Averaging and Filters functions See page 40 Averaging amp Filters NOTE An incoming pulse for an external TTL trigger must be on at least 0 20 us followed by at least 1 us of off time for the sensor to properly trigger Trigger Level Use this menu function to set the trigger level when the trigger source is set to Internal Manual Level Edge Use this menu function to set the instrument to trigger on a positive or negative edge Continuous Use
52. measurement accuracy requires the frequency to be set and not doing so can be a significant source of error You can also find this item in the Measurement drop down menu Select the power units dBm dBW dBkW dBuV dBmvV dBV W V dB Relative Set measurement limit specifications with pass or fail High Low indicators shown on the digital display panel From the Display drop down menu you can establish a single test limit or upper and lower test limits Limits are fixed values against which a measured value is compared An evaluation is done during a measurement and is expressed as pass or fail For the single limit the value can be below equal to or above this limit and you may specify any of these conditions as pass or fail RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Power Meter Application For the upper and lower limit the value can be equal outside the limit equal between the limit or equal to one of the limits Any condition may be specified as pass or fail Averaging Two types of averaging are available to use in the Power Meter application to improve the stability of measurements especially at low levels Averaging and Extended Averaging The Averaging function averages some number of measurements and then displays the averaged value You can change the number of measurements that are averaged from 1 to 100 000 By default 75 measurements are averaged for each displayed reading Averaging also has the effect of
53. nd zero 17 CCDF statistics 16 33 CDF statistics 16 33 Center the frequency 17 Check instrument function 10 Connect multiple instruments 9 to a computer 6 Connector types vi Copy data 35 Copy trace data 47 Crest factor measurement 43 CW continuous wave 20 D Data logger 25 Defaults factory 48 measurement setup 47 Power Meter 25 Display Control toolbar 44 Display Options toolbar 45 Droop measurement 44 Duty cycle measurement 43 E Error messages 26 Extended averaging 21 F Factory recall 48 Factory setup recall 26 Fall time measurement 43 Filtering poles 40 Frequency 20 36 center the 17 Frequency response 22 Front panel virtual Power Meter 19 Functional check 10 G Gates measurement types 42 Gates toolbar 42 H Help toolbar 48 Highlight 32 l ID 26 47 Impedance input 24 Input impedance 24 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Installation computer hardware requirements 1 computer requirements 1 computer system requirements 1 software 1 USB driver 6 K Key features vi L LED 9 Limits 20 List of products vi Main toolbar 36 Manage named states 20 Manuals vii Markers toolbar 40 Max Reset 21 Measured pulse setup 22 Measurement functions by model 13 Measurement range vi Measurement Trace window 32 Measurements average CW overview 14 burst 23 configure for 17 make CW 27 make pulse power 29 make p
54. nnection All models are capable of producing 2000 settled measurements per second The PSM3000 series instruments are true average instruments that are well suited for making accurate average power measurements on both narrowband and wideband signals There are two applications that work with the PSM3000 series instruments the Power Meter application and the High Speed Logger application When these instruments are used with those applications only CW average measurements are available The PSM4000 and PSM5000 series instruments also measure average power but are intended for use primarily on pulsed repetitive signals with modulation bandwidth less than or equal to 10 MHz These instruments can also measure the average power and peak power contained within RF and microwave pulses These models can both be used with the Power Meter and the High Speed Logger applications In both applications you can select between CW average and Pulse measurements In addition to pulse power measurements PSM5000 series instruments are designed for time domain analysis of pulse and other modulated signal formats The Pulse Profiling application that is included with these instruments can be used to build a trace of a pulsed RF envelope and make 13 different measurements on the pulse envelope CW Average Measurements Average power measurements provide the average power contained in an RF or microwave signal during a measurement window Each PSM3000
55. of duty cycle measurement To set the instrument to measure average pulse power on a signal with 10 duty cycle do the following 1 For PSM4000 and PSM5000 series instruments click the Pulse CW button on the toolbar to activate CW mode You can also enable CW from the Measurement menu NOTE For PSM3000 series instruments the software is always in CW mode so the button is not available 2 Click Offsets amp Response gt Duty Cycle gt Setup The Measurement Duty Cycle dialog box opens 3 Enter 10 0 the duty cycle percentage and click OK 4 Click Offsets amp Response gt Duty Cycle gt Enabled The software shows source pulse power in the CW configuration and the DC annunciator activates You can use the duty cycle pulse power method down to approximately 0 1 28 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Power Meter Application Make a Pulse Power Measurement This example procedure applies to the PSM4000 and PSM5000 series instruments only It assumes an RF signal source for a pulse modulated output with the following parameters CW Frequency 1 GHz Power Level 0 dBM 1 mW PRF 10 kHz ora PRI of 0 1 ms Pulse Modulation 50 Duty Cycle or a pulse width of 50 us m RF Power off A CAUTION Do not exceed 23 dBm 200 mW or 3 15 VRMS 1 Click Measurement gt Pulse Power Or click the Pulse CW button on the toolbar to activate Pulse mode 2 Click Measurement gt Set Frequency
56. of the file should include the date and time This application can generate a large amount of data and can consume significant amounts of memory and disk space This can cause two problems This will probably be because the text file written during measurements is too large for the application trying to display the file probably NotePad if you are running as fast as possible You can assume that text will be generated at 100 kB s for CW measurements and 250 kB s for pulse measurements If your computer runs out of RAM or disk space this may also cause a problem Each measured point requires roughly 54 bytes If there is not sufficient memory RAM and you do not reduce memory usage you could run out of RAM To address either problem reduce the reading rate using the Meas Spacing settings For text files you can also reduce the duration of the test run by adjusting the Meas Start and Meas Stop setting or deselect the View Data upon Completion check box RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 59 High Speed Logger Application 60 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Index A Address 48 changing 17 how to set for instrument 26 Anti aliasing 15 22 Application High Speed Logger 52 how to start 10 Power Meter 19 Pulse Profiling 31 Auto Measure function 35 panel 34 window 35 Average power measurement 43 Averaging 21 Averaging amp Filters toolbar 40 B Burst measurements 23 C Calibration a
57. off samples are averaged together to fit into the 10 000 point trace When the Minimize Undersampling function is turned on equivalent time samples that do not fit into the trace are not averaged but are discarded Activating this function will tend to increase the noise on the trace but it improves the ability to see peaks For sweep times of 200 ms or more real time sampling provides enough samples to fill the trace memory and to give adequate time resolution Undersampling is not used and the Minimize Undersampling function has no effect at these sweep settings NOTE You can read more about sweep time values See Table 3 Exit Select to exit the application The Triggering and Delay toolbar allows you to set trigger and delay parameters Averaging amp Filters Display Control Trg Src Int Mnl Trg Lvl 35 0 dBm 4 Edge t Sngl Single Delay Off Trg Out Timeout Dflt 38 Trigger Source You have three options for trigger source settings All of these options allow you to use positive or negative Edge triggering as well as Continuous or Single Sweep Internal Auto Level The trigger is based on the input signal As the input varies the auto trigger level will be adjusted accordingly This trigger mode always returns a trace A trigger pulse is sent out the TTL trigger output each time a sweep Starts If a signal is not present then it will return a noise trace This trigger source is not recommended when pea
58. on Asier erinan EE EEE EE E EE EEE EEE 10 Functional CheGkeiisciscscaecusanes cxaatarionasnasasnr aE EE NAE ENE E EATE EEEE 10 Operating BaSiCSrsrieei roae ree E E soba E Pane a ee a aa a ee ik 13 Measurement Capabilities sireenin resrer n nnie e E E EE ERE EE E NEE S EE 14 CW Average Measurements p enraisiiereinssiu ra nanana E EN ENNET 14 Pulse Measurement nocere ritorni O EE E T E ET O ETR 15 Pulse Profiling 2 ccisundendaccwelvsiengavawwalbins aa te age ees Ya OE A ENIT A 16 Configure Instrument for Measurement 0 ccc cece cece cee ee ee eee eee eee e eee eens eee ena e es 17 Power Meter Application ised cctsasiaesceeeds saneeseeds sanscehetes sands cords daantervodsonses cei ssanerdevaevsans 19 Front Panel Elements orenera Sodadaetwanderd as de sdeecesiasteaascoenaeaw dt 19 Make an Average Power CW Measurement ccccceeec cence eee e eect ents eae eneeeaeenaeenaes 27 Make a Pulse Measurement Using Duty Cycle ccc ccc ccc c cence cent eee e eae e nese eaeenne eens 28 Make a Pulse Power Measurement 0c ccc cence eee ence eee cnet eee eee n ee eee nett eee nee eeaes 29 Pulse Profiling Appl Cations ssc cncisnecseneneteaddewieen avd cncnie EE EE oieteleiendiel va evade EE Menetns 31 Menu Features cnc eicsssenagansscncgeanievasaaauin ENAN EENE TE EEN R ENNE 31 Toolbar Functions ossneesrsrcoreie end t ine E o T OE E E EE OAE O OTEO 36 Make a Marker Measurement nnnnnnnennnsrsrrsesss
59. ore it will have an effect A frequency response RSP indicator will appear on the digital display readout when response correction is enabled The frequency response correction factors are specified as frequency and amplitude pairs To load the correction factors go to the Frequency Response Offset window Click Add after each frequency and offset entry to build the table Then select Show Graph to get a graphical presentation of the frequency offsets that were entered in the table The Response setup allows up to 201 points to be entered You can also find this item in the Offsets amp Response drop down menu This function randomizes the sampling pattern to eliminate the effect of aliasing due to undersampling The real time sample rate of the instrument is 500 kS s As the baseband signals approach the Nyquist criteria about 200 kHz in this case anti aliasing can occur If you are measuring signals that have baseband content greater than about 200 kHz enable anti aliasing for the best measurement accuracy Anti aliasing slows down measurements so for faster reading rates on signals with modulation bandwidth below 200 kHz disable anti aliasing This function is found in the Measurement drop down menu This value determines the portion of the pulse to be used to measure pulse power The default or automatic value is 3 dB below the measured peak value or the 50 down points This function is found in the Measurement drop down menu
60. pplication Overshoot OvSh Returns the difference in dB between the highest point after a rising edge and the average power of the pulse The gates for this type of measurement must be positioned with the same restrictions as the rise time measurement Droop Droop Returns in dB a decrease in pulse power measured between the first 5 after the left gate and the last 5 before the right gate The gates also provide the following three groups of measurements m Power Set peak power pulse power and crest factor Time amp Frequency Set pulse width pulse repetition time pulse repetition frequency m Mixed Set peak power crest factor pulse width pulse repetition frequency Below is a general gate positioning diagram that shows where to place the gates for the various measurement types H H H t Pulse withe i i i Pulse Power H i H H Pulse Repetition Time Rise Time amp 2 i gt Pulse Width lt Pulse Repetition Freq Overshoot gt lt Fall Time Droop 1 Pulse Power H Duty Cycle Figure 4 Gate positioning diagram All Gates Off Select to turn off and reset all gates You will lose gate positioning if you click this button Display Control This toolbar allows you to adjust the trace display views and switch control of the mouse pointer function between Markers Highlight or Gates Main Triggering amp Dela Display Control Print Averaging amp A Q Reset Highlight Sp
61. pplication will cause other instances to update at a slower rate or even time out This would occur for example if an instrument lost its external trigger source Enable this button from the Triggering drop down menu by selecting internal or external single triggering Click the button to initiate a single measurement RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Power Meter Application Quick Setup Select to call a window that allows you to set the mode CW or Pulse frequency power units averages and offsets all from one window You can also find this item in the Utility drop down menu Data Logger This function allows you to plot measurement trends on the display or record a measurement in a file Use the Logging Setup menu item in the Measurement drop down menu to set the following data logging options Turn off storage m Specify a file name m Set to append data to the end of the file Set to overwrite data in a file Click the Data Logger button to display the logging graph and start logging data to a file once logging is set up The logger will start graphing from 0 to 300 readings bottom scale right to left The duty cycle is scaled vertically from 0 to 10 1 per division Crest Factor is scaled vertically from 0 to 20 dB 2 dB per division NOTE There is a separate High Speed Logger application available for logging high speed measurements directly to a file See page 52 High Speed Logger Application
62. r Comma Separated Data csv Tab Separated Data txt Figure 6 High Speed Logger application window 52 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters High Speed Logger Application Menu Functions Once the instrument has been initialized you can configure the software using the menu tabs and buttons Following is a description of the functions Find Sensors Click this button to tell the software to search for all connected instruments The results will appear in the window with the instrument serial number and address Sensor ID Click this button to activate the green LED on the selected instrument This is useful when you have multiple instruments connected and you want to identify a particular one Initialize Sensor Click this button to initialize the instrument When initialization is complete a dialog box will appear stating so Help Click this button to open the online help file for this application It is in a PDF format Data Storage Use the Data Storage window to specify where files will be stored and to select to add a date and time stamp to the file name If you check Append date and time to file name the date and time is appended to the specified file name and modified each time a new set of data is taken This allows you to take several sets of data without having to specify a new name It also groups the files together in the file browser You can also choose to view a NotePad by default version of the data w
63. r See page 16 Pulse Profiling The CDF display shows the probability that a signal is below the average power level The CCDF display shows how much time the signal spends at or above the average power level expressed in dB relative to the average power The percentage of time the signal spends at or above each line defines the probability for that particular power level A CCDF curve is a plot of relative power levels versus probability Power CCDF curves provide critical information about the signals encountered in 3G systems These curves also provide the peak to average power crest factor data needed by component designers The PDF shows the distribution of the average power level NOTE Read more about the Print toolbar See page 46 Print RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 33 Pulse Profiling Application 34 Auto Measure Panel The Auto Measure panel consists of the Results window and the Auto Measure window Click the Start Measurement button to start the automatic measurement feature and get a complete characterization of the pulse based on the selected sweep time Results Window This window allows you to set up markers and gates for specific measurements It also shows the measurement values that include current trace values marker values and gate values Results 5 0 o gt A A Reset Highlight Span SL Hilite Ji Mkrs 6 Trace Measurements Peak 8 156 dBm Pulse 11 109 dBm CrF
64. r one of the positions top bottom center right left on the popup This position represents how the window will be docked on the display and that area of the display will become highlighted NOTE You can also place a window anywhere on the display without using the docking popup Simply click and drag the window to the desired location and then release the mouse button 4 Release the mouse button and the move will be completed The toolbar functions allow you to set the following parameters The Main toolbar allows setting of the measurement Frequency Sweep Time Reference Level and Resolution Offset and frequency Response Main Triggering amp Delay Averaging amp Filters Display Control Display Options Frequency 1 GHz Sweep Time 1 msec 36 i Ref Level Offset OFF Response Off Min UnderSmp Off Exit Frequency The frequency setting must match the signal carrier frequency to achieve the most accurate measurements Setting the frequency is essential to making accurate measurements because readings are corrected based on frequency calibration factors Significant errors can occur if you do not set the frequency properly especially at the upper end of the frequency range Sweep Time The following table shows the relationship between sweep time sample rate and total number of samples Notice that the resolution of most computer displays is limited to somewhere between 1000 and 2000 points RF and M
65. r times This is particularly useful when multiple instruments are connected You can also find this item in the Utility drop down menu This item is located in the Utility drop down menu Use it to set an instrument address This is particularly useful when multiple instruments are connected NOTE Changing the address requires re initialization of the USB connection After changing the instrument address the application will close and must be reopened This item is located in the Utility drop down menu Use it to set an instrument name for the current session only This is particularly useful when multiple instruments are connected Various error windows will appear if there is a hardware or software problem or conflict Follow the message instructions to correct the problem RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Power Meter Application Make an Average Power CW Measurement This example procedure applies to all instrument models and assumes a signal source with the following parameters m CW Frequency 1 GHz m Power Level 0 dBM 1 mW Modulation off m RF Power off N CAUTION Do not exceed 23 dBm 200 mW or 3 15 VRMS 1 For PSM4000 and PSM5000 series instruments click the Pulse CW button on the Settings Panel to activate CW mode You can also enable CW from the Measurement menu NOTE For PSM3000 series instruments the software is always in CW mode so the button is not available 2 Cl
66. rt criteria with one of the following settings Threshold Clicking start causes the application to monitor the incoming measurements average power if CW has been selected and peak power if peak has been selected As soon as the appropriate measurement exceeds the specified threshold the measurement proceeds The threshold is specified in dBm External TTL Trigger Clicking start causes the application to monitor the external TTL trigger input When a trigger occurs measurement will begin Only the first measurement requires a trigger You can set the trigger timeout If the timeout occurs before the measurement begins no measurements will be made Time of Day Set the time of day when you want measurements to begin Click the start button to begin the measurement process Execute a delay if desired The delay begins immediately after the start criteria has been satisfied and precedes the start of measurements extemal TTL trigger is recieved Start measurement when start button is clicked measured power exceeds threshold time is equal to or later than C Delay start of measurement RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters High Speed Logger Application Meas Stop Set the criteria for stopping a measurement to this window with one of the following options Stop button Click the stop button to stop the measurement m Time expires Specify the
67. s All displays are printable in black and white or color depending on the capabilities of your printer See page 33 CDE CCDF and PDF Display Main Triggering amp Dela Print Averaging amp Filters Markers Panorama Display Measure Display CDF CCDF or PDF Display A Print Black amp White RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Pulse Profiling Application Store Recall This toolbar enables you to store and recall measurement states Main Triggering amp Dela Store Recall Display Options Display Store Register Recall Register Store as Name Recall as Name Copy Trace Data Store Register This button allows you to store a register A register holds an entire state Recall Register This button allows you to recall a stored register A register holds an entire state Store as Name This button allows you to store the current setup state Recall as Name This button allows you to recall a stored named register or file Copy Trace Data This button allows you to paste the trace data as time and amplitude pairs into other applications like Excel for further analysis Utility This toolbar enables you to set the instrument address and verify instrument ID It also allows you to perform two types of reset default setup and factory recall Read more about the differences between these two options below Main Utility Triggering amp Delay Store Recall Default Setup Sensor ID Set Address Recall Factory Se
68. sessrrsrorrsersrsrssrrsrsrrsrrsrsrrrrsrns 48 Make a Gated Measurement 0 cece ccc c cece ence een een ene ATESA EARRAN EAEE ENA teeta 49 High Speed Logger Application 2 0 2 0 ccc cece cece arinira io e P EE EESE EP ERa 52 Menu Functions ccisssicniescraiivcergs sdennitn cage tiecderaedasaiwsdaaedads etatadhea E 53 Makea Simple Medsuitem entiinss cscs cneseuutamien r rien E ee nedenunbrmneadedens sree qumeie mendes 58 Troubleshooting veccswcacsieutaaeccaxuadecdecaundsculeareeeviegatdieaa wuawieavedewacdaiveusGawakeaees Keadae tones 59 Index RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters i Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1 Power Meter application interface using a PSM5120 Figure 2 Diagram of a burst time slot Figure 3 Pulse Profiling application interface Figure 4 Gate positioning diagram Figure 5 Position of gates for measurement Figure 6 High Speed Logger application window ii RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Table of Contents List of Tables Table i Product documentation 0 cece eee enn EEE EEE EEE EE Ene EEE EEE EES vii Table 1 Functions by instrument model 0 0 cc cece cece ence eee ence eee eee nets eee nets eae enne eens 13 Table 2 Power Meter default values 2 0 0 0 0 cc cece cece een een nen nee enn E eee nee eta enn E eta eS 25 Table 3 Sweep time Values soris sed cnoeves totes caeees renee caees ssenesaevds PEES EEE O STEEP ETOS 37 RF and Microwave Power Sensors
69. time in milliseconds when the measurement will stop Points measured Specify the number of measurements to be taken Data Storage Measurement Meas Start Meas Stop Meas Spacing Stop measurement when stop button is clicked time expires points measured 00 time is equal to or later than RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 57 High Speed Logger Application Meas Spacing The measurement spacing window allow you to define the time between measurements as follows Fast as possible Measures at about 350 us per point on most computers Some computers will be faster some slower However many other factors may affect this rate Virtually any loading on the computer may reduce the rate of measurement The magnitude of the effect is a function of the power of the computer and the demands of the competing applications Delay between points in milliseconds Set this value to that a delay in the prescribed number of points causes a stop in measurement As stated above many factors can negatively impact this rate Again these affects tend to be modest in most cases and pose little concern In addition the resolution and accuracy of the computer clock will have some effect Data Storage Measurement Meas Start Meas Stop Meas Spacing Time between measurements Measure as fast as possible Delay between points Sp
70. tion the instrument should be powered for at least 20 minutes before starting the test Stable environmental conditions are defined as Temperature 20 C to 30 C 68 F to 86 F Humidity 15 to 95 noncondensing Altitude Sea Level to 3 000 meters 9 850 feet 2 All equipment requiring power should be connected to mains and warmed up according to the recommendations of the manufacturer Functional Check 1 Connect the instrument to the computer with a USB cable if you have not Procedure already done so 2 Turn on and preset a signal source 3 Turn the source RF output off 4 Connect the source to the instrument input connector Use adapters as required Use of cables may skew results so direct connection to the source is recommended 5 Start the Power Meter Application 6 After the application starts click the Default Setup button 7 Vary the input power to prove the instrument is functioning properly Use the procedure below a Set the SOURCE frequency to 1 GHz b Set the SOURCE power to 0 dBm c Turn the SOURCE RF output on d Read the instrument power e Set the SOURCE power to 20 dBm f With a high quality SOURCE and adapters the SOURCE and instrument power readings should agree within 1 dB You may see larger disagreement with some sources g The functional check is successful if the instrument is within 1 dB of the SOURCE power RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 11 Ge
71. tting Started 12 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Operating Basics This section contains discussions of the following topics which apply to all instrument models Measurement capabilities m Pulse power and pulse profiling measurements m Procedures for setting center frequency and making measurements All instruments models can use the Power Meter application Some measurement functions however are only available on specific models See Table 1 Table 1 Functions by instrument model Function Model Description Average PSM3110 10 MHz 8 GHz 55 to 20 dBm PSM3120 10 MHz 8 GHz 55 to 20 dBm PSM3310 10 MHz 18 GHz 55 to 20 dBm PSM3320 10 MHz 18 GHz 55 to 20 dBm PSM3510 10 MHz 26 5 GHz 55 to 20 dBm Peak and Pulse PSM4110 10 MHz 8 GHz 60 to 20 dBm PSM4120 10 MHz 8 GHz 60 to 20 dBm PSM4320 50 MHz 18 GHz 40 to 20 dBm PSM4410 50 MHz 20 GHz 40 to 20 dBm Pulse Profiling PSM5110 100 MHz 8 GHz 60 to 20 dBm PSM5120 100 MHz 8 GHz 60 to 20 dBm PSM5320 50 MHz 18 GHz 40 to 20 dBm PSM5410 50 MHz 20 GHz 40 to 20 dBm RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 13 Operating Basics Measurement Capabilities Measurement capabilities differ between different models All of the instruments accept RF or microwave signals detect the envelope convert the power into digital values and send measurements to a PC over a USB co
72. tup Default Setup Click this button to reset measurement parameters only Any display changes such as colors and fonts will not be affected when you select this default option See Table 2 Sensor ID Click this button to make the instrument associated with this application session identify itself The green LED on the related instrument will blink four times This is particularly useful when multiple instruments are connected to a computer Sensor ID s Observe the sensor s green LED The LED will blink 3 4 times after clicking Ok RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 47 Pulse Profiling Application Help Set Address Click this button to set the instrument address This is particularly useful when multiple instruments are connected to a computer Set Address Address see z e 1 255 Recall Factory Setup Click this button to reset all measurement parameters and user preferences such as display colors and fonts to default settings The Help drop down menu provides access to a help document for this application and a link to the Tektronix Web site to download user manuals Click About to view software firmware and driver version information Help Main Utility Help About Make a Marker Measurement 48 Pulse width measurements are normally defined as the time between the 3 dB points on the rising and falling edges of a pulse When using markers for a measurement like this the r
73. ulse using duty cycle 28 pulse overview 15 pulse profiling overview 16 resolution 17 update rate 23 Menus moving 36 61 Index Minimum loss pad 24 N Name how to set for instrument 26 O Offset 22 37 On Off ratio measurement 35 Overshoot measurement 44 P Panoramic Trace window 32 PDF statistics 16 33 Peak power measurement 43 Pointer Control Display Control toolbar 45 Power Meter application 19 Power requirements 1 Power units 20 Print toolbar 46 Products list of vi Programming examples 2 Pulse 20 Pulse power measurement 43 Pulse Profiling application 31 toolbar functions 36 Pulse repetition frequency measurement 43 Pulse repetition time measurement 43 Pulse setup 22 Pulse width measurement 43 Q Quick setup 25 62 R Recall 20 Recall factory setup Power Meter 26 Recall register 47 Reference level 37 Register recall 47 store 47 Reset Display Control toolbar 44 Reset Max 21 Response 37 Results window 34 Rise time measurement 42 S Safety v Sample code 2 Save 20 Sensor ID 47 Set address 26 48 Set Ref 22 Setup quick 25 Single button 24 Software installation 1 Stabilization thermal 17 Statistics CDF CCDF and PDF 16 33 Store register 47 Store Recall toolbar 47 Sweep time 36 T Thermal stabilization 17 Toolbar functions Pulse Profiling application 36 Trigger continuous 39 delay 39 edge
74. ursor The y value magnitude is determined by the value of the trace closest to that point in time NOTE Only one marker can be active at a time although all five markers can be displayed simultaneously The active marker will have an asterisk next to its number in the toolbar and the marker number will be underlined and appear slightly larger in the trace display A Normal Marker is a single data point and appears above the Measurement trace A Delta Marker gives the differential value and appears below the Measurement trace To use a Delta marker do the following NOTE There is a procedure in this document for making a measurement using markers See page 48 Make a Marker Measurement Arrow Icons The arrow icons allow you to position the markers on a peak The first arrow icon allows you to center the highlight trace on a marker All Mrkrs Off Select to turn off and reset all markers You will lose marker positioning if you click this button Measurement Threshold Select to view the Threshold window where you can set the threshold value enable the threshold or return the threshold to a default value The measurement threshold sets the minimum value of the peaks considered by the marker and gate search algorithms It is adjustable across the limits of the dynamic range of the instrument The default setting is 55 dBm and the function must be enabled disabled from the dialog box NOTE The M
75. ust have at least 2 GB RAM and a USB 2 0 port that supplies more than 450 mA at 5 V Power requirements This instrument is powered through the USB cable when connected to a computer The USB 2 0 port of the computer must supply more than 450 mA at 5 V Tektronix recommends using the USB cable supplied with this product The supplied cable has 20 AWG power conductors that are a heavier gauge than most USB cables NOTE Refer to the Specifications section of the PSM3000 PSM4000 and PSMS5000 Series RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Specifications and Field Verification Technical Reference for additional information on electrical requirements Hub recommendations A USB host port on a computer will provide adequate power for the instrument under normal circumstances However if you use a USB cable longer than 3 to 5 meters are connecting multiple instruments or are using a portable computer that runs on battery power you will need to use an active or self powered hub The instrument typically draws 450 mA at a nominal 5 VDC An active hub compensates for the DC voltage drop in a USB cable longer than 3 to 5 meters It also conserves battery life in a portable computer System Requirements The instrument software you are downloading is compatible with the following operating systems RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 1 Getting Started Windows XP Service Pack 3 Windows Vista Windows 7 32 or 64 bit or XP mode
76. ut signals The equivalent time sample rate is 48 MS s A wide variety of measurements are available in the Pulse Profiling application These include m Rise Time RT E Fall Time FT m Pulse Width PW Pulse Repetition Time PRT Pulse Repetition Frequency PRF m Duty Cycle DC m Pulse Power Pls E Peak Power Pk m Average Power Avg m Crest Factor CF or CrF Overshoot OvSh Droop On Off Ratio You can set trigger levels and conditions apply digital filters to the envelope and set the software to average traces together The overall trace is shown in the Panoramic Trace window Pan and zoom functions let you select a subset of the trace which is displayed in the Measurement Trace window All measurements are taken on the Measurement window data These measurements can be further qualified by using markers and gates An Auto Measurements feature allows all measurements to be taken on the first two pulses in the Measurement trace with the click of a button Statistics can be taken on the Measurement Trace window data including CDF CCDF and PDF See page 33 CDF CCDF and PDF Display You can read more about this application See page 31 Pulse Profiling Application See page 42 Gate Measurement Types in Gates Toolbar RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Operating Basics Configure Instrument for Measurements Set the Center Frequency Change the Sensor Address Zero and Cali
77. z or GHz ranges RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters 17 Operating Basics 18 RF and Microwave Power Sensors Meters Power Meter Application NOTE This application is available for all instrument models The Power Meter application software allows you to make power meter measurements from a display that emulates a typical bench power meter Double click the Power Meter application icon on your Desktop to start the application The control panel will appear with default settings applied You can always return the software to the default settings state by clicking the Default Settings button CAUTION Do not exceed 23 dBm 200 mW or 3 15 VRMS Ensure that the RF input connector on the sensor and the mating connector are clean and undamaged NOTE Using more than one type of application at a time can result in errors It is recommended that you use only one type of application at a time Front Panel Elements The main elements of the Power Meter application interface are shown here with no signal applied to the instrument leasurement Triggering Utility Frequency Averaging Menu Quick Setup Meas Units Ext Avg Data Logger Sensor ID Limits Off Max Figure 1 Power Meter application interface using a PSM5120 The main elements of the interface are 1 Banner the unit address and the unit name 2 Menus drop down menus allow you to adjust various settings many of these settings

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