User Manual - Redbrick
Contents
1. 1 The Bloch Sphere 1 1 Applying the patch The patch for the bloch sphere against the most up to date version of the QCL QCL 0 5 0 is available here http www redbrick dcu ie hego project bloch_sphere patch To apply this patch copy the patch file into tmp Download a copy of the QCL source code and untar and unzip it with the following command tar zxvf qcl 0 5 0 tgz Change directory into the qcl 0 5 0 directory Then apply the patch with this command patch lt tmp bloch_sphere patch The code now needs to be compiled Firstly alter the Makefile to suit your sys tem Then create the depend file with make dep To compile the code then type make 1 2 Using the bloch sphere code inside the QCL The Bloch Sphere code allows you to view the state of a single qubit inside the QCL A windowing system such as XFree86 must be in use to allow the viewing of the bloch sphere this code cannot be run from a console unless the graphical output is being redirected to an x server somewhere First of all start up the Quantum Computing language To use the test program detailed below initialise the QCL like this I qel i lib bloch gel A test program to show the usage of the bloch sphere code is provided in the bloch qcl file in the lib subdirectory Listing 1 bloch gel procedure bloch qureg a 1 Initialise the qubit Mix a Superpose the qubit Rot 0 6435 a2. 3 1 Installing the MPI routines in QCL To patch a previous QCL distribution see the next section This section details how to install a complete QCL application with MPI routines already built in First of all download the code from this location http www redbrick dcu ie hego pro ject mpi_qcl_final_1 tar bz2 Unzip and untar this file in the following way tar jxvf mpi gel final 1 tar bz2 Change directory into the directory that is created The first thing to do is to make the dependencies Type make dep The final step is to compile it Enter make 3 2 Installing the MPI patchfile to the QCL To patch the MPI routines to the QCL code download the most up to date ver sion of the QCL QCL 0 5 0 code to a directory Download the mpi patch from the following location http www redbrick dcu ie hego project mpi _qcl patch First of all untar and unzip the QCL code with the following command tar zxvf qcl 0 5 0 tgz Change directory into the qcl 0 5 0 directory Then apply the patch with this com mand See the technical manual 14 patch p1 lt location of patch file To compile the newly patched source issue the following commands make dep make 3 3 Using the MPI routines in the QCL The qcl must be run with the mpirun command passing it the number of processes to use with the np command line switch mpirun np lt nodes gt machinefile lt nodes file gt qcl Five parallel routine
3. Rotate the qubit so that it is 0 gt with probability 0 8 and 1 gt with probability 0 2 bloch a Display the qubit on the bloch sphere This procedure initialises a quantum register of size 1 qubit The qubit is super posed with the Mix operation ie the Hadamard operation with the qubit being in the resultant state of 1 1 1 0 4 1 I Ja Je The Rot operation is then applied to the qubit so that when measured the qubit is in state 0 with probability 0 8 and state 1 with probability 0 2 The bloch sphere of that qubit is then produced with the command bloch a This produces the following screenshot using XFree86 4 3 Bloch sphere for 0 894427 0 gt 0 447214 1 gt 2 The Graphical User Application 2 1 Compiling and running the Server Code The server code is available at this location http www redbrick dcu ie hego pro ject gui_serverl tar bz2 Download this code into a destination directory Unzip and untar the file with the following command bzip2 d gui_serverl tar bz2 tar xvf gui_serverl tar The java code is stored in the directory com jcraft weirdx To compile this code type javac com jcraft weirdx java An RMI stub file then needs to be generated for the Spy class This can be gener ated with the following command rmic com jcraft weirdx Spy The logins c file then needs to be compiled and the source moved to the tmp subdirectory Assuming the gcc compiler is
4. installed on the system this can be compiled by gcc logins c o logins mv logins tmp The java policy file then needs to be altered A sample java policy file is included with the server code This needs to be modified to reflect the source directory Listing 2 java policy grant permission java net SocketPermission 1024 65535 connect accept permission java net SocketPermission x 80 connect grant codeBase file home users hego qcl gui permission java io FilePermission lt lt ALL FILES gt gt read execute BH Before the server can be run the rmiregistry must be started on port 8000 This is done with the following command rmiregistry 8000 amp Finally a sample server file that starts the server code is included called server4 sh This should again be modified to reflect the system Listing 3 server4 sh bin sh usr local j2sdk1 4 1 01 bin java Djava rmi server hostname 136 206 19 200 Djava security policy java policy com jeraft weirdx Monitor 8000 2 2 Compiling and running the Client Code First of all weirdx must be downloaded and compiled This if available from the following location http prdownloads sourceforge net weirdx weirdx 1 0 31 tar gz Unzip and untar and compile this file in a source directory with the following com mands tar zxvf weirdx 1 0 31 tar gz cd weirdx 1 0 31 javac O co
5. very similar to programming components found in a language like C The QCL has 5 data types int string complex boolean real all of which are fairly self explanatory The QCL also implements a full range of logic and arith metic operators as well as a large amount of mathematical functions eg sin cos etc The following example shows conditional branching in the QCL if e 1 print Unable to find a relatively prime number exit The QCL provides three types of loops The for loop is similar to a for loop in C It also provides two conditional loops a while loop and an until loop The following piece of code is an example of a QCL for loop complex matrix m 1024 int i 0 for i 0 to 1023 m i i 1 The QCL also provides a means of grouping statements into blocks and func tions The following is an example of calling a function from another piece of code int i 0 int n afunction i 16 int afunction int n 4 2 Quantum components of the QCL The QCL is started with a set number of qubits in the system The default num ber of qubits is 32 Qubits are manipulated by declaring quantum registers of an arbitrary number of qubits An operator can then be applied to the quantum register qureg al5l 7 Initialise a quantum register of size 5 qubits Mix a Superpose all the qubits in the quantum register The QCL provides many operators
6. User Manual Colm h igeartaigh CASF4 99387212 coheig case4 computing dcu ie May 6 2003 Abstract This document describes the installation of the various pieces of code written in this project It also describes how to start and use the programs The first chapter details how to install the bloch sphere patch to the QCL and how to use it in the QCL The second chapter describes how to install and run the GUI on both the server and client side The third chapter gives instructions on how to install and use the parallel routines written for the QCL The fourth chapter is a tutor on the Quantum Computing Language which needs to be mastered to use both the bloch sphere and parallel code Contents 1 The Bloch Sphere 1 1 Applying the patch 2 EEE nennen 1 2 Using the bloch sphere code inside the QCL 2 The Graphical User Application 2 1 Compiling and running the Server Code 2 2 Compiling and running the Client Code 2 3 Using th X Server 2 2 we a a ee a 2 4 The cluster information panel a 4 4 2 4a eae os 3 Using the parallel routines of the Quantum Computing Language 3 1 Installing the MPI routines inQCL 2 2222 3 2 Installing the MPI patchfile to the QCL 3 3 Using the MPI routines in the QCL 4 A tutor on the Quantum Computing Language 4 1 Classical components of the QCL 4 2 Quantum components of the QCL
7. for quantum registers a few examples are provided here e Rot real theta qureg q Rotate a single qubit through an angle e Mix qureg q Apply a Hadamard gate to the quantum register argument e CPhase real phi qureg q The conditional phase operator e Swap qureg a qureg b Exchange the qubits of two registers e Not qureg q Invert a qubit The QCL provides two non unitary operators as well These operators are allowed because they destructively interfere with the machine state instead of modifying it The first operator measure is the equivalent of observing a qubit It forces the qubit in question to decompose into one of it s base states The second operator is reset This serves to reinitialise every qubit in the system 17
8. hat has no graphical output ie one can only log into it using a console The following is an example of how to use the X Server To access the server through a terminal it is not necessary to log onto the server If the server starts a terminal then it will appear in the X Server tab of the client application To do this the server must know where the client application is This can be done by pointing the system DISPLAY variable to the ip address of the client machine as in the following example export DISPLAY 136 206 18 54 2 0 The number after the colon is the port number that the X Server is running on 9 To run a remote terminal on the client X Server the following should be typed into the server Eterm amp This produces the following picture on the X Server panel of the client appli cation Cluster Info X server Cluster Information todo txt 3 hego hego hego hego hego hego hego One can type in unix commands such as the Is command shown on screen and the response to the command will appear on the screen A more graphical ex ample of the X Server is if the wmaker window manager is run from the server This results in the following screenshot 10 AAAA SEER AAAA AAA REN ERR KAR REDER AEN P The X Server is used in this project to allow the displaying of the Bloch Sphere graphical application 2 4 The cluster information panel The cluster information panel contai
9. m jcraft weirdx java com jcraft util java The client code is available at this location http www redbrick dcu ie hego pro ject gui_clientl tar gz Download this code into the root directory where weirdX is installed Unzip and untar the file with the following command tar zxvf gui_clientl tar gz The java code is stored in the directory com jcraft weirdx To compile this code type javac com jcraft weirdx java An RMI stub file then needs to be generated for the Spy class This can be gener ated with the following command rmic com jcraft weirdx Spy A sample java policy file is included with the client code This does not need to be altered unless you want to restrict permissions further Listing 4 java policy grant permission java net SocketPermission 1024 65535 connect accept permission java net SocketPermission x 80 connect E Finally a sample client file that starts the client code is included called client bat This should again be modified to reflect the system Listing 5 compile bat java Djava security policy java policy com jcraft weirdx StartClient 2 3 Using the X Server The client application consists of two panels The first is the X Server panel An application can be run on the server and the graphical output is redirected to the java application This is very useful when one wants to run graphical programs from a machine t
10. ns information about the cluster in general and the nodes that comprise the cluster The right half of the screen contains a table listing the nodes of the cluster and various information about each node This information consists of the node s status ie whether it is up or down the node s one minute load which is an indicator of how busy it is the number of users logged onto each node and the uptime of the node which is the time from when it was last rebooted 11 The left hand panel is composed of three parts The first is information about the currently selected node You can change the currently selected node by clicking on the appropriate row of the table in the right hand panel This information com prises the node name the total amount of memory it has the CPU model name speed in megahertz and cache size There is also two moving graphs which illus trate the load of the CPU over time as well as the amount of memory that is used as a proportion of the total memory Finally the highest process on the currently selected node is displayed as well as the percentage of CPU time and percentage of total memory that process is using The middle panel shows the names of users that are logged onto the root node and whether they have messages turned on or off 12 Node Name Node Status Load Users Uptime tehran up 0 12 2 up 3 days tortilla i up 0 00 0 up 3 days tambourine up 0 07 0 up 3 days doc up 0 00 0 up 3 day
11. s poprad down sary up 0 01 0 up 3 days eddie up 0 07 0 up 3 days akito up 0 00 0 up 3 days yoko up 0 00 0 up 3 days luce up 0 00 0 up 3 days darkschnieder up 0 00 0 up 3 days ruri up 0 00 0 up 3 days yurika up 0 00 0 up 3 days gendo up 0 01 0 up 3 days asuka up 0 00 0 up 3 days midori up 0 00 0 up 3 days hyuga up 0 00 0 up 3 days kebidabu up 0 00 a up 3 days peanut down teatime up 0 00 0 up 3 days loser up 0 00 0 up 3 days herschel up 0 00 0 up 3 days odie up 0 00 0 up 3 days server Cluster Information Node Name tehran 5 cpu boag 100 Memory wsad Total Memory 62376 4 80 CPU model PentiumPro 3 60 CPU MHz 179 631 2 40 Cache size 256 1 20 Highest Process fusrflocal j2sdk1 4 1_O1 binijava Djava rmi server hostname 1 36 2 CPU Time 2 3 Memory Used 26 5 Node Users hego mesg y pts 0 The bottom panel on the left hand side shows general information about the clus ter This is comprised of the number of nodes of the cluster the ip address of the head node the operating system being used on the cluster and the operating system version being used ie the kernel release number General cluster information No of nodes 23 IP address 136 206 19 200 Operating System Linux OS release 2 2 19pre1 compact 13 3 Using the parallel routines of the Quantum Com puting Language Five different parallel routines were written for this project and integrated into the QCL
12. s are provided with the MPI extension to the Quantum Computing Language The functions are called ParMatrix1 5 and all of the func tions take a quantum register and a matrix as parameters The following is an example of how to apply a parallel matrix decomposition to a trivially small qubit qureg a 2 Mix a Rot 0 6435 a complex matrix m 4 m 0 0 1 m 1 1 1 m 2 2 1 m 3 3 1 ParMatrix3 m a 4 A tutor on the Quantum Computing Language The Quantum Computing Language is a programming language designed to ap proach quantum computing programming using the syntax of a procedural lan guage like C Quantum Computing is still seen as being in the domain of The oretical Physics rather than Computer Science due to the abundance of different notation formalisms The Quantum Computing Language attempts to unify the 15 Quantum Computing concepts into a single coherent language The Quantum Computing Language provides a base set of operators yet is able to simulate ev ery known quantum algorithm that can be run on a Quantum Computer The QCL was written by Bernhard Omer from the Technical University of Vienna and is released under the GPL General Public License It runs under a variety of UNIX platforms 4 1 Classical components of the QCL The Quantum Computing Language contains a number of classical programming components The term classical refers to non quantum components These com ponents are
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