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1. M P Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 57 Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model inputs in RISKPRO The New SESOIL User s Guide Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next operation n Fydu PAGE 832 729 END Sac gi Par Fi HELP 2 5 LIST SO BACK F2 NEXT Figure 29 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 5 As you will notice in Fig 30 the Chemicai Data menu fields are automatically filled from the index number you entered Repeat steps 2 6 as described in Section 4 4 1 and then proceed to the APPLIC menu Use UP DOWN keys ta select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Ti HELP 22 CMDS F2 LIST 9 D 90 MEXT TgUp PgDn PRGE amp Iit F190 EMD Esc EXIT Figure 30 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 4 4 3 Accessing A User Supplied CHEM File Option Menu This option should be used to access the data from a previously created CHEM data file You may use the data as they are or edit the data Step 1 Choose the third option as shown in Fig 31 and press the EN TER key to advance to
2. n Epnns ne d page 99 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results Z Step2 As shown in Fig 69 you will be given two options in the time increment menu where O OPTION 1 uses a time increment of one month for the bar chart OPTION 2 uses a time increment of one year for the bar chart Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next men or operation Pi HELP F2 CMDS F LIST F9 BACK 0 PgUp FgDn PRGE it F 3 EMD Esc EXIT Figure 69 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 3 Select either option and press the ENTER key to proceed to the Bar Chart Title menu as shown in Fig 70 Here you are given several options to enhance your chart Use UP DOUM keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character a Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Side Note FEIHELP 72 CMDS F LIST F9 BACK 10 NEXT PgUp gDa PAG nit F10 EMD Pressing the ENTER key at Step 4 uses the defaults listed in the 70 menu wi 900 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s Step 10 Otherwise RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 amow down to the next sfep Step4 Highlight the option labeled Title
3. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources The New SESOIL User s Guide Table of Contents 4 3 2 Accessing A User Supplied Data File 48 4 3 3 Additional Information On The SOIL DATA Parameters 49 4 4 Creating The CHEMICAL Data File x axe A 52 4 4 1 Entering Chemical Data Manually 54 4 4 2 Entering Data From AUTOEST Output File Option 56 4 4 3 Accessing A User Supplied CHEM File Option Menu 58 4 4 4 Additional Information On The Chemical Data Parameters 60 4 5 Creating The APPLIC File 62 4 5 1 Entering Application Data General Data 63 4 5 2 Accessing A Default Data File For A Generic Municipal GS RM RE RR ES 73 4 5 3 Accessing A Previously Created APPLIC File 73 4 5 4 Additional Information Regarding The APPLICATION File 75 4 6 Creating The WASH File 75 4 6 1 Using And Creating The WASH Default Data File Option 77 4 6 2 Editing An Existing Year Of Data 80 4 6 3 Creating Additional Years Of Data 81 4 6 4 Deleting An Existing Year Of WASH Data 82 4 6 5 Accessing A User Supplied WASH Data File 83 4 7 Running The SESOIL Model 85 5 REVIEWING AND USING SESOIL R
4. 12 3 4 Sediment Washload Cycle 13 3 4 1 Implementation In SESOIL 14 3 5 Pollutant Fate Cycle 15 3 5 1 Foundation a eed ERE OE ENS TREAT RE 15 3 5 2 The Pollutant Depth Algorithm 20 3 5 3 Volatilization Diffusion 22 3 5 4 Sorption Adsorption Desorption And Cation Exchange 23 3 5 5 Degradation Biodegradation And Hydrolysis 25 3 5 6 Metal Complexation 28 3 5 7 Pollutant In Surface Runoff And Washload 29 3 5 8 Soil Temperature 29 3 5 9 Pollutant Cycle Evaluation 30 4 BUILDING THE SESOIL MODEL INPUTS IN RISKPRO 32 4 1 Getting To The SESOIL Menu 33 4 2 Building The CLIMATE Data File 35 4 2 1 Creating The CLIMATE Data File From The Data Base 36 4 2 2 Accessing A User Supplied CLIMATE File 43 4 2 3 Additional Information On The CLIMATE Data File 44 4 3 Building The SOIL Data File 45 4 3 1 Creating New SOIL File 45
5. ee Side Note Although the math co processor is not required it is highly recommended since it substantially reduces computer time et al 1983 Hetrick 1984 Kincaid et al 1984 Watson and Brown 1985 Hetrick et ai 1986 Melancon et al 1986 Hetrick et al 1988 Hetrick et al 1989 SESOIL has been applied in risk assessments concerning direct coal liquefaction Walsh et al 1984 incineration of hazardous waste Holton et ai 1985 Travis et al 1986 the transport of benzene to groundwater Tucker et al 1986 to soil cleanup levels in California Odencrantz et al 1991 1992 and to site sensitivity ranking for Wisconsin soils for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Ladwig et al 1992 The soil column in SESOIL is a user defined compartment extending from the surface through the unsaturated zone to the groundwater table Typically SESOIL is used to estimate the rate of migration of chemicals through soils and the concentration of the chemical in soil layers following chemical release to the soil environment SESOIL s simulation of chemical persistence considers mobility volatility and degradation The model performs calculations on an annual or monthly basis and can simulate up to 99 years of chemical transport The model requires several types of chemical and site specific data to estimate the concentration of the chemical in the soil its rate of leaching toward groundwater and the impac
6. be applied at the beginning of the desired month to create the initial condition The value of POLIN to specify may be calculated from the following equation POLIN CONC L RS where SR A O Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 69 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Technical Note POLIN is the pollutant load to apply in ug cm month CONC is the concentration sorbed to the soil in ug g or ppm L is the thickness of the sublayer in centimeters which the pollutant is applied and RS is the bulk density of the soil in g cm If ISPILL is 0 then the monthly load is applied continuously in 30 equal parts for the 30 time steps of the month If ISPILL is 1 the total load is applied in the first time step of the month See Section 3 5 2 for more details amp Parameter Description amp Parameter Description amp Parameter Description X Parameter Description X Parameter Description TRANS the monthly mass of pollutant transformed in the present soil zone by processes not otherwise included in the model ug cm month SINK the monthly mass of pollutant removed from the present soil zone by processes not otherwise included in the model ug cm month For example SINK could include an estimation of the amount of chemical in lateral flow LIG the monthly input ligand mass to the present soil zone ug cm month VOLF
7. p E A n Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 55 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Step 6 Here you may either accept the default values of all the remain ing chemical parameters that are shown in Fig 25 by pressing the ENTER key or enter new values by using the up down arrow keys Press the ENTER key to proceed to the next menu AP PLIC File Section 4 5 At this point you have built your CHEMI CAL data file and RISKPRO will tell you the CHEMICAL file was successfully inserted in the file catalog 4 4 2 Entering Data From AUTOEST Output File Option This option should be used to access the chemical data from an AUTOEST output file AUTOEST output files contain the chemical properties estimated by the AUTOEST chemical estimation program in RISKPRO The values are automatically loaded into the SESOIL CHEM data menus Step 1 Choose the second option as shown in Fig 26 and press the ENTER key to advance to the next menu Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP 72 CMDS rF3 L ST 9 BACK 719 MEXT PgUp gDn PAGE Ait F10 EMD Zsc EXIT Figure 26 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 As shown in Fig 27 enter the name
8. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 86 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO repeated for the remaining years during the SESOIL run When the number of years to be simulated is less than the number of years in the data files the remaining years of data are ignored during the SESOIL run Up to 99 years may be simulated Step5 Next select the specify run option Enter Y if you wish to specify another SESOIL run and to repeat steps 2 4 to create another model run Otherwise enter N to begin model execu tion All SESOIL model runs will be performed in sequence Step6 If the model has run successfully you should see an output screen of a model run as shown in Fig 60 After reviewing the output file press the ALT F10 key RISKPRO will insert three output files into your active catalog manager and label them as SSOUTxxx OUT SSOUTxxx RES and SSOUTxxx ATX s SESDIL 84 SEASONAL CYCLES WATER SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANTS IN tnm ee rers DEJELOFEISS BONAZOUNTAS RRTHUR D LITTLE INC 627 6864 5770 WAGNER DIS ADLPIPE INC gt lt 6123492 1991 wenan unm PATENS IVELY BY B D M B OAK RATIONAL LABORATORY 7556 SEPTEMBER 1986 sene MONTHLY SESOIL MODEL OPERATION sass MONTHLY SITE SPECIFIC SIMULATION SCHOLL PS PAGE PgUp PgDAZCNTL CNIL HOME END Alt F10 END Figure 60
9. Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO 4 2 1 Creating The CLIMATE Data File From The Data Base Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Choose option one labeled Build data from Climate Data Base as shown in Fig 4 and press the enter key The next option shown in Fig 5 allows you to obtain a list of first order climatic stations within a selected state First order stations have the most complete data gathering services There are a total of 262 first order stations located in or near 242 different cites through out the US This dataset was created in 1986 by the National Cli matic Data Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Enter either the state name 2 letter state abbreviation or 2 digit state FIPS code for example for Wisconsin enter a 55 or WI and advance to the next menu option by pressing the ENTER Key Use UP DOWN keys select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FPIGELP 2 QMBS FS LIST P BACK P19 MEXT FgUp Pg n PAG Alt F 16 END Esc EXIT Figure 5 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Next select the index of the desired station that you feel will rep resent the climatic condition for your site as shown in Fig 6 and press the ENTER key to proceed to
10. allows you to delete existing years of WASH data see Section 4 6 4 allows you to finish creating your WASH data By selecting this option you will create the WASHLOAD file and have completed building the SESOIL data files You will be informed by RISKPRO that SWASH INP has been successfully inserted into your catalog file system pU EEXXOS BLUJA Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 79 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO 4 6 2 Editing An Existing Year Of Data Step1 Choose the first option as shown in Fig 49 to review and mod ify any year of existing data By choosing this menu option you will be prompted to modify arrays of washload data factors for year 1 as shown in Fig 50 The parameters and their defini tions are UNT CR ERE ROR i CORAL Use arrow keys to select the array clement to edit and Tab Shift Tab to move to the right and left data fields Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Ti HELP FZ2 CMDS 23 115 7 9 MEXT PglpsPq0n PAGE nit Fi0 EMD Enc EXIT Figure 50 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 X Parameter Description KSOIL the soil erodibility factor tons acre English El used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation Its value typically ranges from 0 03 to 0 69 the def
11. for organic chemicals can be measured or estimated Lyman et al 1982 K is converted to the partition coefficient Ka by multiplying by the fraction of organic carbon in the soil Values for the Freundlich exponent be found in the literature They generally range between 0 7 and 1 1 although values can be found as low as 0 3 and as high as 1 7 In the absence of data a value of 1 0 is recommended since no estimation techniques for this parameter have yet been developed Note that using 1 0 for the Freundlich exponent assumes a linear model for sorption see Eq 8 The user is cautioned regarding indiscriminately using literature values for the partition coefficient or the Freundlich exponent n or estimation methods for K4 There can be much variability in the values that are estimated or found in the literature compared to actual measurements for a site For examples refer to the study of Melancon et al 1986 Another option for modeling adsorption in SESOIL uses cation exchange capacity CEC Cation exchange occurs when positively charged atoms or molecules cations such as heavy metals are exchanged with the cations of minerals and other soil constituents CEC is a measure amount of cations per unit of soil that are available for exchange with the pollutant The cation exchange algorithm in SESOIL is very simple and estimates the maximum amount of pollutant that can be adsorbed The calculation of the pollutant immo
12. LOAD ZONE 2 LOAD ZONE 3 and LOAD LOWER PRECIP is computed by multiplying ASL input parameter from the APPLIC file described in Section 4 5 by SL input parameter from the CHEM file described in Section 4 4 by the infiltration rate computed by the hydrologic cycle and by the area of application input parameter AR from the APPLIC file For the loads in each layer the values are simply the area of application input parameter AR multiplied by the pollutant application input parameter POLIN for each layer from the APPLIC file Note that if there are sublayers within the major layers then the load listed for the major layer is added to the first sublayer of that layer not evenly for each of the sublayers If a spill loading was specified see the line labeled SPILL 1 OR STEADY APPLICATION 0 under APPLICATION INPUT PARAMETERS the input listed for the month for the surface layer is loaded into the layer in the first time step of the month If steady loading was specified the input for the month is spread out evenly during each time step of the month Note that a spill loading applies only to the first layer Refer to Sections 3 5 2 and 4 5 for more details The total input to the soil column is given next labeled TOTAL INPUT and is simply the total sum of all inputs for a given month The next table printed in the output file gives the distribution of pollutant mass in ug for each process for each sublayer of the s
13. OPTION 1 allows to produce concentration vs time bar chart at any specified soil depth see Section 5 2 1 OPTION 2 allows you to graph a pollutant depth vs time bar chart see Section 5 2 2 Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Ti HELR 72 05 FS LIST F9 BACK 10 NEXT PyUp gDn PMGE Alt F10 END Fac EXIT Figure 63 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 2 1 Graphing Concentration Vs Time Step1 Choose the first option from Fig 63 and press the ENTER key As shown in Fig 64 you will be offered three menu options where OPTION 1 plots the pollutant concentration dissolved in the soil moisture dissolved phase OPTION 2 plots the pollutant concentration adsorbed to the soil particles adsorbed phase OPTION plots the pollutant concentration in the soil air pores vapor phase p al Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 96 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Resuits Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FISHELP 2 CMDS SOOLIST 5 0 TPgUg PaDn PAGE 6i Figure 64 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 Choose any
14. The pollutant cycle equations are formulated on a monthly basis and results are given for each month simulated However to account for the dynamic processes in the model more accurately an explicit time step of 1 day is used in the equations The monthly output represents the summation of results from each day In the event that the dissolved concentration exceeds the aqueous solubility of the pollutant the dissolved concentration is assumed to equal the aqueous solubility That is if during solution of the mass balance equation for one layer the dissolved concentration exceeds the solubility of the chemical the iteration is stopped for that time step and the solubility is used as the dissolved concentration The adsorbed and soil air concentrations are calculated using the chemical partitioning equations as before Eqs 7 and 8 To maintain the mass balance the remaining pollutant is assumed to remain in a pure phase undissolved Transport of the pure phase is not considered but the mass of the chemical in the pure phase is used as input to that same layer in the next time step Simulation continues until the pure phase eventually disappears The pure pn M Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 19 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description Ene RR TE DEDEDE TS phase capability was not part of the original model and was add
15. overall soil intrinsic permeability represents the average value for all the soil layers K1 should be set to 0 0 if multiple 1 are used in the Step 3 APPLIC file described later generic soils within the RISKPRO system Highlight the soil type of your choice and press the ENTER key Note that option 9 advances you to additional selections Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation PLMELP 2 8 f3 LIST FO BACK 51a NEXT PgUp PqDn PAGE 51 719 END Esc EXIT Figure 17 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporat on s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Next you will be prompted to enter a descriptive label for the SOIL data file up to 20 characters as shown in Fig 18 This la bel appears in the RISKPRO file catalog manager and is used to identify the soil input files Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 46 The New SESOIL User s Guide Side Note Additional soil properties for non uniform soils are stored in the APPLIC file described later O Side Note You may enter your data in either scientific notation as shown in the default menu or in decimal format RISKPRO will accept either format A Step 4 Z Step 5 Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs RISKPRO data file ei Balk Density M Intrinsic Permeability Soil Disc
16. Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description Side Note Although a spill loading can not be used in SESOIL for layers 2 3 or4 an initial soil sorbed concentration can still be approximated for these layers See Section 4 5 for more information and Appendix A contains an example The user is allowed two options for loading of pollutant 1 a spill loading where all the pollutant is entered at the soil surface in the first time step of the month when the loading takes place or 2 a steady application where the pollutant load is distributed evenly for each time step during the month at which the loading is specified Option 1 allows loading at the soil surface only layer 1 sublayer 1 whereas option 2 will allow loading in one or more of the four major layers If sublayers are specified the loading will always be entered into the first top sublayer of the major layer Thus while pollutant can be loaded in each of the four major layers pollutant can not be loaded into each sublayer of a major layer to get a specific initial concentration distribution for the major layer If there is a spill loading or if the pollutant is entered as a steady application in layer 1 sublayer 1 then the depth of the pollutant front is calculated using Eq 11 starting from the surface If a steady loading is specified in layers 2 3 and or 4 then the depth of the pollutant front is assumed to begin at the middle of the lowest fayer at which
17. D4 thickness of the bottom soil layer cm NSUB1 the number of sublayers in uppermost layer NSUB2 the number of sublayers in the second layer NSUB3 the number of sublayers in the third layer NSUB4 the number of sublayers in the bottom layer Vg MA oi Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP 72 CMDS F3 L ST 9 BACK i0 NEXT PgUp gDn P G nit F10 EMB Esc EXIT Figure 36 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 10 Press the ENTER key to either accept the default data or the values you have input and to proceed to the next menu labeled More APPLIC Data Layer Specific Data see Fig 37 pnm E nl Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 65 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Use UP DOWN keys to select parancter RIGHI LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation MIHELP F2 QMDS 31 57 F7 BACK 19 PqUp gDu PAGE AIC P19 EMD fsccEXIT Figure 37 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 D Side Note Step 11 As shown in Fig 37 enter the PH1 through PH4 and K1
18. O Technical Note SESOIL requests data on pollutant release expressed as a monthly load This loading may enter into any of the soil layers or may enter the topsoil via rainfall When a layer is broken into sublayers the model assumes that the chemical loading enters the top sublayer and is immediately spread throughout this sublayer Also see Section 3 5 2 for an explanation of how the pollutant depth is computed after a loading is entered Technical Note The model allows the user to specify either continuous or instantaneous release as discussed above Instantaneous releases assume that the total mass is foaded during the first time step of the month and can be used to simulate spill loading see Spill Index However this option applies only to the first layer A continuous loading the input loading divided by the number of time steps 30 for each month is always used for layers 2 3 and or 4 even if ISPILL is set fo 1 See Section 3 5 2 for more details 0 Technical Note When simulating a pollutant which undergoes complexation the user must also provide a loading rate for the ligand which becomes part of the complex parameter LIG The parameters for pollutant transformed and pollutant removed TRANS and SINK are means for the user to include transformation and transport rates not specifically included in the SESOIL program These parameters may be specified for each of the soil layers specified by the user Ee ee
19. 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 9 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 00E 00 00E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 CLIMATIC INPUT PARAMETERS POLLUTANT 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 Appendix B 00E 00 00E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 008 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 Q 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 90E 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E
20. 00 2 876 00 ADSORBED 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 4 311E 00 7 935E 00 SOIL AIR 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 6 319 00 1 178 01 LOWER SOIL ZONE POL DEP CM 3 128 02 3 258E 02 3 397E 02 3 508E 02 3 599 02 3 750E 02 3 948E 02 4 079 02 4 231 02 4 390 02 4 528 02 4 653 02 1 YEAR 1 ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT TOTAL INPUTS UG UPPER SOIL ZONE 0 000E 00 SOIL ZONE 2 1 700 09 SOIL ZONE 3 0 000E 00 LOWER SOIL ZONE 0 000E 00 HYDROLOGIC CYCLE COMPONENTS AVERAGE SOIL MOISTURE ZONE 1 5 376 AVERAGE SOIL MOISTURE BELOW ZONE 1 5 376 TOTAL PRECIPITATION CM 79 145 a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 111 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix B NCR EEE tT RETE EEE SEE I DS EEE NIECE STE 00 AGERET TT ADRESSE ELTA LADS OLE LOE EE EN IE REA TREES X HERE LTTE TOTAL INFILTRATION CM 79 145 TOTAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION CM 32 828 TOTAL SURFACE RUNOFF 0 000 TOTAL GRW RUNOFF CM 46 435 TOTAL MOISTURE RETENTION CM 0 118 TOTAL YIELD CM 46 435 0 POLLUTANT MASS DISTRIBUTION IN COLUMN UG NOTE IF COMPONENT IS ZERO EACH MONTH IT IS NOT PRINTED FOR FINAL MASS IN SOIL MOI ADS ON SOIL
21. Refer to Section 3 3 where more details are given on the hydrologic cycle components Following the hydrologic cycle results the next table in the output file contains the monthly results from the washload cycle if this option was used the model run that produced the example output file in Appendix B did not use this option The sediment yield is given on the first two lines in kg km g cm respectively labeled as WASHLD KG SQ KM and G SQ CM The next line labeled ENRICHMT RATIO is defined as the ratio of the total specific surface area for the sediment and organic matter to that of the original soil Knisel et al 1983 The index of specific surface is given as m g of total sediment and is labeled SURF IDX M 2 G see Knisel et al 1983 Next the relative amounts of clay silt and sand in the eroded particles are given labeled as SED FRAC CLAY SED FRAC SILT and SED FRAC SAND These three numbers add to 1 0 for each month The last line given for the washload results is labeled SED FRAC and is the fraction of organic matter in the eroded sediment Refer to Section 3 4 which describes the washload cycle in more detail The pollutant mass input in units of ug is the next table in the output file These values include the amount of chemical ug in the precipitation labeled PRECIP and the amount loaded into each of up to four major layers specified in the simulation labeled LOAD UPPER
22. SOIL AIR IMMOBIL CEC COMPLEXED AND PURE PHASE FOR EACH SUBLAYER SEE ABOVE MONTH SEP UPPER SOIL ZONE SUBLAYER 1 TOTAL VOLATILIZED 8 763E 08 SOIL ZONE 2 SUBLAYER 1 TOTAL DIFFUSED UP 1 416E 09 SOIL ZONE 3 SUBLAYER 1 TOTAL DIFFUSED UP 6 301 07 SUBLAYER 2 SUBLAYER 3 SUBLAYER 4 SUBLAYER 5 SUBLAYER 6 SUBLAYER 7 SUBLAYER 8 SUBLAYER 9 0 LOWER SOIL ZONE SUBLAYER 1 1 AVERAGE POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS NOTE ONLY NON ZERO VALUES ARE PRINTED UPPER SOIL ZONE SUBLAYER 1 SOIL MOISTURE UG ML 4 534E 01 ADSORBED SOIL UG G 7 028E 00 SOIL AIR UG ML 1 088E 01 SOIL ZONE 2 SUBLAYER 1 SOIL MOISTURE UG ML 1 177E 02 ADSORBED SOIL UG G 1 824E 01 SOIL AIR UG ML 2 830 01 SOIL ZONE 3 SUBLAYER 1 SOIL MOISTURE UG ML 2 530 01 ADSORBED SOIL UG G 3 921 00 SOIL AIR UG ML 5 791 00 SUBLAYER 2 SOIL MOISTURE UG ML 6 584E 00 ADSORBED SOIL UG G 1 021E 00 SOIL AIR UG ML 1 509 00 LOWER SOIL ZONE MAX POLL DEPTH M 4 653E 00 1 RESULTS FOR SUBSEQUENT YEARS WOULD FOLLOW SEEE E ES E EE QE dl Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 112 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix C site tenis acti in alt CRA te on natn Bsa nn nt te APPENDIX Error Or Warning Messages The following lists error or warning messages that are detected by the SESOIL code during operation Key words are given for the messages in alphab
23. Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Technical Note If only one run is specified the output report will automatically be displayed at the completion of the run If more than one run is specified the runs are set up in batch mode and the output reports will not be displayed at the completion of the runs but may be viewed by running the Catalog Manager under the Data Management menu Technical Note Refer to appendix B to see an example of a SESOIL output report file that resulted from using the example data given in Appendix A CQ Technical Note SSOUTxxx OUT is an ASCII file of the SESOIL output report see Appendix B 1 Technical Note SSOUTxxx RES is an input file used by the graphics program SEGRAPH The SESOIL model results from this file allows you to create the graphics from a SESOIL model run Q Technical Note SSOUTxxx ATX is an input file for the AT123D model The SESOIL model results are stored in this file and have the extension Note that the ATX file will not be further discussed in this report pee O tN PAT NF PE I A I Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 87 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results SESOIL model output are accessible in two ways from RISKPRO 1 a report file that includes a summary of the input data used in the simu
24. accessing a user supplied data file 42 additional information 44 creating the data file 35 Cycle annual 10 hydrologic 8 monthly 10 pollutant fate 15 sediment washload 13 SESOIL 6 E EROS model 13 14 Errors And Warning Messages 114 Examples input 103 output 108 F File APPLIC 62 CHEMICAL data 52 CLIMATE data 35 SOIL data 44 WASH 75 G Graphics Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources The New SESOIL User s Guide index concentration vs time 97 pollutant depth vs time 100 Hydrologic cycle annual cycle 10 model calibration 12 monthly cycle 10 Parameters APPLIC 65 66 67 68 69 CHEMICAL data 53 60 61 CLIMATE data 40 41 SOIL data 49 50 WASH 78 80 81 Pollutant Fate Cycle cation exchange 23 cycle evaluation 29 degradation 25 foundation 15 metal complexation 27 pollutant in surface runoff 28 pollutant in washload 28 soil temperature 28 sorption 23 the pollutant depth algorithm 19 volatilization diffusion 22 Programs SEBUILD 32 A References 120 Running SESOIL Model 85 o Schematic Of The Soil Column 7 Sediment Washload Cycle implementation 14 SESOIL definition 1 model inputs 32 model results 88 95 SESOIL Cycle 5 6 SESOIL Model Description SESOIL cycles 6 the soil compartment 5 SESOIL Model Inputs the APPLIC file 62 the CHEMICAL data file 52 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 124 Th
25. see APPLWLINP IMONCN month of year to load initial concentrations 1 0 month of October and CONCIN LJ initial concentrations in pg ml for layer I I 1 ILYS sublayers J 1 NSUBL D where ILYS is the number of major soil layers given in line 2 of the application file and NSUBL D is the number of sublayers for each major layer I given in line 3 of the application file Note that if ICONC 0 the six lines containing the parameters IMONCN and CONCIN LJ would not appear in the application data file see APPLWL INP The new SESOIL user s manual describes the use of SESOIL in the RISKPRO system an information management tool designed to help users perform exposure assessments General Sciences Corporation 1990 RISKPRO creates the executive data file EXECWI INP for you and thus the contents of this file are not described in the new user s manual However this file is described in the original SESOIL user s manual by Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 available as publication PB86 112406 from the National Technical Information Service U S Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield VA 22161 The parameters in this file are defined as follows RUN incremental number of the run OPTN simulation option the monthly option M is suggested CLIM the index for the climate data corresponds to the number on the first line of data for the climate at the site see the climate data file CLIMWLINP SOIL the
26. the index of volatilization diffusion occurrence from the present soil zone It may range from 0 0 to 1 0 VOLF 0 means no volatilization diffusion from this soil zone VOLF 1 0 means full volatilization diffusion allowed from this soil zone VOLF 0 5 means partial volatilization diffusion i e 50 allowed from this soil zone see Section 3 5 3 ISRM the index for pollutant transport in surface runoff It may range from 0 0 to 1 0 ISRM is the ratio of the pollutant concentration in the surface runoff to the dissolved concentration in the top sublayer of the top soil layer ISRM 0 0 means pollutant transport in surface runoff ISRM 0 40 means pollutant concentration in surface runoff is 0 40 times the concentration in the soil moisture of the top Soil sublayer ISRM 1 0 means pollutant concentration in surface runoff equals the pollutant concentration in the soil moisture in the top sublayer see Section 3 5 7 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 70 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO K Parameter Description ASL the ratio of the pollutant concentration in rain to the pollutant s maximum solubility in water That ASL is muitiplied by SL from the CHEM file and the infiltration rate computed by the hydrologic cycle and this result is entered in the top sublayer of layer 1 Note Remember to use the page down key to enter the month
27. 0 030 0 030 0 030 0 030 0 030 0 030 0 030 0 030 0 030 0 030 999 END OF FILE A UU TUN MET EEG CIIM JU MANIL roO GG a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 106 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix B APPENDIX arare ee EESTI ee Output Report Example To conserve space only results for the first year of the simulation are printed In addition the output report example shown below has been enhanced with bold type and centering formats for certain title headings An actual SESOIL output file would have a different type set and format type An Example of a SESOIL Output Report 22222222222322223333227332222222444222342424222224422222422222242222444222542454424452244454542244542122 3 de de de He He He de de e He de de de e de je de de de He de He de e de de e e le KKK de He de e de He he de dc de He de de he e de He de de e e de de de de de de je de de de de de de je he de de cde de de de de dede de de e kK xk k k k SESOIL 84 SEASONAL CYCLES OF WATER SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS NR as kekek La d E dl DEVELOPERS BONAZOUNTAS ARTHUR D LITTLE INC 617 B64 5770 X5871 nde J WAGNER DIS ADLPIPE INC 617 492 1991 X5820 nee k MODIFIED EXTENSIVELY BY D M HETRICK OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY 615 576 7556 VERSION SEPTEMBER 1986 3 e e k e e he de be de e e de cde ce de de de e
28. 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 2 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 008 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 008 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 YEAR 3 MONTHLY INPUT PARAMETERS 0 CLIMATIC INPUT PARAMETERS ARE SAME AS LAST YEAR POLLUTANT INPUT PARAMETERS ARE SAME AS LAST YEAR a a PQ M mune Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 109 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix B YEAR MONTHLY 1 RESULTS OUTPUT HYDROLOGIC CYCLE COMPONENTS JUN NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUL AUG SEP MOIS IN 11 4 901 5 576 6 201 6 101 5 576 5 676 5 551 4 951 5 076 5 076 4 901 4 926 MOIS BELOW Li 4 901 5 576 6 201 6 101 5 576 5 676 5 551 4 951 5 076 5 076 4 901 4 926 PRECIPATION CM 5 559 5 275 5 424 4 219 3 547 6 572 8 790 6 894 8 886 9 022 7 923 7 035 NET INFILT CM 5 559 5 275 5 424 4 219 3 547 6 572 8 790 6 894 8 886 9 022 7 923 7 035 EVAPOTRANS CM 2 695 0 896 0 304 0 304 0 926 2 644 4 390 3 981 4 563 4 498 4 156 3 472 MOIS RETEN CM 0 136 0 458 0 424 0 068 0 357 0 068 0 085 0 407 0 085 0 000 0 119 0 017 SUR RUNOFF CM 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 GRW RUNOFF CM 3 000 3 920 4 695 3 983 2 978 3 860 4 485 3 320 4 238 4 524 3 886 3 547 YIELD CM 3 000 3 920 4 695 3
29. 00 5 0 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 1 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00B 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00 00 1 00E 00 0 008 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 1 00E 00 0 008 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 008 00 0 00E 00 0 00 gt 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 008 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00E 00 YEAR 2 MONTHLY INPUT PARAMETERS E SAME AS LAST YEAR INPUT PARAMETERS 0 005 00 0 005 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00B 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 005 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 1 0
30. 00 7 234 00 SOIL ZONE 2 SUBLAYER 1 MOISTURE 2 105 02 1 747E 02 1 528E 02 1 380E 02 1 256 02 1 161 02 1 093 02 9 716 01 8 356 01 7 576E 01 6 822 01 6 032 01 amp SOLUBILITY 1 183E 01 9 814 00 8 587E 00 7 755 00 7 056 00 6 523 00 6 138E 00 5 458 00 4 695 00 4 256 00 3 832 00 3 389E 00 ADSORBED 3 263 01 2 708 01 2 369 01 2 140 01 1 947 01 1 800 01 1 694E 01 1 506 01 1 295 01 1 174E 01 1 057E 01 9 350E 00 SOIL AIR 4 982E 01 4 259 01 3 825 01 3 443 01 3 121 01 2 849E 01 2 617 01 2 280 01 1 921 01 1 719 01 1 550E 01 1 389 01 SOIL ZONE 3 SUBLAYER 1 MOISTURE 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 2 428E 01 6 550 01 8 250E 01 6 973 01 6 159 01 SOLUBILITY 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 1 364 00 3 680E 00 4 635E 00 3 917 00 3 460E 00 ADSORBED 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 3 763E 00 1 015 01 1 279E 01 1 081 01 9 546 00 SOIL AIR 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 5 696E 00 1 506E 01 1 872 01 1 584 01 1 418 01 SUBLAYER 2 MOISTURE 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 2 781 01 5 119 01 XSOLUBILITY 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000R 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 1 563E
31. 1 0 for the ratios Step 15 As shown in Fig 39 this menu will prompt you to enter the final ratio values where Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 1 FZ CMDS PGILIST FO BACK P10 NEXI PgUp gDo PAGE nit F19 EMD Fsc EXIT amp Parameter Description X Parameter Description amp Parameter Description Figure 39 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 FRN2 the ratio of FRN Freundlich exponent in Jayer 2 to layer 1 FRN3 the ratio of FRN Freundlich exponent in layer 3 to layer 1 FRNA the ratio of FRN Freundlich exponent in layer 4 to layer 1 p Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 68 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Parameter Description ADS2 the ratio of ADS adsorption coefficient in layer 2 to layer 1 X Parameter Description ADS3 the ratio of ADS adsorption coefficient in layer 3 to layer 1 X Parameter Description ADS4 the ratio of ADS adsorption coefficient in layer 4 to layer 1 Technical Note If KOC from the CHEM file is used these ratios ADS2 ADSS ADS4 should be set to 1 0 since KOC doesn t
32. 1982 Brooks and Corey 1966 presented the following relationship K 5 K 05 5 where K 1 saturated hydraulic conductivity cm s K S hydraulic conductivity at 5 cm s S percent saturation c disconnectedness index Thus this parameter is not commonly found in the literature Default values for c suggested by Eagleson 1978 and Bonazountas and Wagner 1981 1984 are clay 12 silty clay loam 10 clay loam 7 5 silt loam 5 5 sandy loam 6 sandy clay loam 4 and sand 3 7 However when data are available this parameter should be varied first to optimize agreement between SESOIL results and hydrologic measurements should be noted that most unsaturated soil zone models require detailed data which are difficult to obtain such as soil moisture p M II SE Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 12 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description characteristic curves The one variable approach of Eagleson 1978 simplifies the data estimation process and reduces computational time Other sensitive parameters for the hydrologic cycle are the effective porosity and the intrinsic permeability e g see Hetrick et al 1986 1989 While other parameters can be varied when calibrating the model to measured hydrologic data it is recommended that the user vary the disconnectedness index first f
33. 23 11151 F2 BACK 6 PygUprPq du PAGE amp 1t P19 END Esc EXIT Figure 9 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 PT I ORO REC NE MAS Gc MUR TUSCE E er S ERG Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 38 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Step6 Next select the first option labeled Edit an existing year of data as shown in Fig 9 and press the ENTER Key With this selec tion you will see that RISKPRO has created one year of climatic data as shown in Fig 10 Use arrow keys to select the array element to edit and TabsShift Iab to aove to the right and left data fields Press the EMTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 2 5 r3 LIST F3 BACK FiO NEXT PgUp gDn PAGE nit F10 EMD Esc EXIT Figure 10 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 This menu shows each of the CLIMATE data file array values that have been extracted from the RISKPRO database These values are displayed in a tabular format starting with the month of October and ending with the month of September The pa rameters shown in this menu are TA NN S A and REP where ie MEORUM C Side Note When in the editing climate menu you can view and edit any of the climatic data values by using arrow keys to select the array element
34. 3 to 1 1 KDES4 Ratio of KDES layer 4 0 1 1 OC2 Ratio of OC layer 2 to 1 1 OC3 Ratio of OC layer 3 to 1 4 Ratio of OC layer 4 to 1 CEC2 Ratio of CEC layer 2 to 1 CEC3 Ratio of CEC layer 3 to 1 CECA Ratio of CEC layer 4 to 1 FRN2 Ratio of FRN layer 2 to 1 FRN3 Ratio of FRN layer 3 to 1 FRN4 Ratio of FRN layer 4 to 1 ADS2 Ratio of ADS layer 2 to 1 ADS3 Ratio of ADS layer 3 to 1 ADS4 Ratio of ADS layer 4 to 1 uou n Ho oH No Ww og ou Ho Wo oq gt gt Q Note A note on the pollutant input parameters Remember that POLIN is a monthly pollutant load mass per unit area that enters the top sublayer of the layer you have chosen for loading If an initial soil sorbed concentration of 50 ug g ppm is desired in layer 2 soil depth of 200 400 cm the POLIN would be 17000 ug cm Imonth in the first month October and 0 0 thereafter POLIN was calculated from the following equation POLIN CONC L RS where POLIN is the pollutant load to apply in ug cm month CONC is the concentration sorbed to the soil in ug g or ppm L is the thickness of the sublayer in centimeters which the pollutant is applied 200 cm here and RS is the bulk density of the soil in g cm 1 7 g cm here Note that ISPILL is always 0 for any layer below the n rst layer so in this case 1 7E9 ug 17000 ug cm multiplied by the area AR which is 1 0E5 cm of benzene was loaded into the second layer in t
35. 390 4 190 3 520 6 550 8 710 6 910 8 960 9 080 7 940 7 070 M TIME RAIN DAYS 0 450 0 510 0 570 0 540 0 530 0 540 0 490 0 390 0 330 0 310 0 270 0 350 M STORM NO 4 020 4 500 4 380 3 480 3 000 5 050 6 310 5 880 6 050 5 400 5 620 4 550 M SEASON DAYS 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 30 400 POLLUTANT INPUT PARAMETERS POL INP 1 UG CM 2 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 TRNSFORMD 1 UG CM 2 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 SINKS 1 UG CM 2 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00B 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 LIG INPUT 1 UG CM 2 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 008 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 VOLATILIZATION MULT 1 1 00 00 1 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00 00 1 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00E 00 SURFACE RUNOFF MULT 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00B 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 POL IN RAIN PRAC SL 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 008400 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 a CZ UND MIENNE GE TU M MEE RGUURULMCUMMMU E E I MC C REC ER UK Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources pa
36. Barden Technical Manager Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Emergency amp Remedial Response Section Bureau of Solid amp Hazardous Waste Management 101 South Webster Street Madison WI 53707 Publication Number PUBL SW 200 94 Rev Kenneth J Ladwig Principle Investigator Science amp Technology Management Inc 2511 North 124th Street Brookfield WI 53005 414 785 5952 June 1993 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources No part of this document may be reproduce for resale without the express written permission of the Wisconsin Department of natural Resources Acknowledgments from the authors This manual was funded by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources WDNR as part of the Groundwater Contamination Susceptibility Evaluation GCSE project managed by Science and Technology Management Inc STMI The GCSE project was initiated by WDNR to provide the Department with supporting data for the development of contaminated soil remediation criteria which will be contained in chapter NR 720 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code Since original documentation of the EPA s SESOIL manual was outdated due to numerous changes made to the model over the years the WDNR decided to fund an easier to use SESOIL manual for its Department personnel and the regulated community This manual provides the technical and non technical user with a better understanding of how the SESOIL model works and how it can be applied i
37. C KEY WORDS ERROR OR WARNING EXPLANATION Volatili WARNING VOLATILIZATION FLAGS VOL1 Input for VOL1 VOL2 zation VOL2 VOL3 VOL4 ARE USUALLY LESS VOL3 and VOL4 in Monthly THAN OR EQUAL TO 1 the monthly APPLICATION file should be checked Washload area FATAL ERROR AREA FOR WASHLOAD ARW Input for ARW in MUST BE ON THE ORDER OF 10 4 OR MORE the WASHLOAD data 15 2222 file is in error em ZS Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 118 The New SESOIL User s Guide References m REFERENCES Bonazountas M J Wagner and B Goodwin Evaluation of Seasonal Soil Groundwater Pollutant Pathways EPA Contract No 68 01 5949 9 Arthur D Little Inc Cambridge Massachusetts 1982 Bonazountas M and J Wagner Draft SESOIL A Seasonal Soil Compartment Model Arthur D Little Inc Cambridge Massachusetts prepared for the U S Environmental Protection Agency Office of Toxic Substances 1981 1984 Available through National Technical Information Service publication PB86 112406 Brinkman F E and J M Bellama editors Organometals and Organometalloids Occurrence and Fate in the Environment ACS Symposium Series 82 American Chemical Society Washington D C 1978 Brooks R H and A T Corey Properties of Porous Media Affecting Fluid Flow Proc ASCE Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Divi
38. D Little Inc ADL ADL updated the SESOIL model in 1984 to include a fourth soil compartment the original model included up to three layers and the soil erosion algorithms Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 A comprehensive evaluation of SESOIL performed by Watson and Brown 1985 uncovered numerous deficiencies in the model and subsequently SESOIL was modified extensively by Hetrick et al at Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL to enhance its capabilities see Hetrick et al 1986 1988 1989 The model is designed to be self standing but SESOIL was incorporated into a system called PCGEMS Graphical Exposure Modeling System for the PC a complete information management tool developed for EPA OTS and designed to help users perform exposure assessments General Sciences Corporation 1987 1989 Subsequently PCGEMS was turned into the system called RISKPRO which has numerous additions and improvements to PCGEMS and is fully supported General Sciences Corporation 1990 The purpose of this document is to provide an up to date users manual for SESOIL as itis used in the RISKPRO system S E SESOIL was developed as a screening level model utilizing less soil chemical program is written and meteorological values as input than most other similar models Output of the in the FORTRAN SESOIL model includes time varying pollutant concentrations at various soil language depths and pollutant loss from the unsaturated zone in terms
39. K11 K12 K13 and K14 data at your site see specified in the APPLIC data file are used Section 3 3 3 instead Note As an approximation multiply hydraulic conductivity in units of cm sec by 1 0E 5 to obtain intrinsic permeability K1 in cm Table 4 3 lists default values of K1 for SESOIL Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 X Parameter Description C the soii pore disconnectedness index You can not enter a _ value less than 3 5 for C unitless for the entire soil profile Its value typically ranges from 3 7 for sand to 12 0 for fine clay It relates the soil permeability to the soil moisture content E S Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 49 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO see Section 3 3 3 See Table 4 4 for default values of C for SESOIL Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 X Parameter Description N the effective porosity for the entire soil profile unitless N is defined by Eagleson 1978 as 1 s n where n is the porosity volume of voids total volume and s is the residual medium saturation volume of water unmoved by natural forces volume of voids N should generally have a value that is close to that for n and typically ranges from 0 2 to 0 4 See Table 4 5 for default values of N for SESOIL Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 Parameter Description OC the organic carbon content of the uppermost soil la
40. Liquefaction 1983 Prepared for Office of Health and Environmental Research and Office of Energy Research Department of Energy ORNL TM 9287 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 130 pp 1984 Watson D B and S M Brown Testing and Evaluation of the SESOIL Model Anderson Nichols and Co Inc Palo Alto CA 155 pp 1985 Wischmeier W H and D D Smith Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses from Cropland A guide to Conservation Planning Agricultural Handbook 537 U S Department of Agriculture 58 pp 1978 Yalin Y S An Expression for Bedload Transportation Journal of the Hydraulics Division Proc of the American Society of Civil Engineers 89 HY3 221 250 1963 Yeh G T AT123D Analytical Transient One Two and Three Dimensional Simulation of Waste Transport in the Aquifer System ORNL 5602 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 1981 Available through National Technical Information Service Publication ORNL 5602 LT Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 122 The New SESOIL User s Guide A Annual Water Balance 8 APPLIC File 62 Applic File accessing a default data file 73 accessing an existing file 74 additional information 75 entering data 63 parameters 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Chemical Data File accessing a user supllied CHEM file 58 entering data from AUTOEST output file 56 entering data manually 53 parameters 53 60 61 Climate Data File
41. Men NEN 4 6 Creating the WASH File The fifth input file to be created for a SESOIL run is the WASH file The WASH file contains data used by SESOIL to calculate washload transport the migration of the pollutant adsorbed to eroding soil particles Simulation of this process is optional If you do not wish to simulate washload you do not need to create the WASH file As shown in Fig 46 RISKPRO will prompt you to enter a YES to specify washload data or NO to omit it If you enter a YES you will be prompted Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 75 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO to continue to build the WASH file If you enter a NO all inputs for the SESOIL run will have been completed Use UP DOUM keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT ta edit Use the BACK SPACE key to 4 the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP 22 CMDS fF2 LIST Fo BACK 7 10 MEXT PgUp gia PAGE amp 11 P19 END Esc EXIT Figure 46 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Technical Note Note that surface runoff in which dissolved pollutant may be transported as part of overland flow of rainwater is simulated by SESOIL as part of the pollutant cycle only if ISRM in the APPLIC file does not equal 0 Chemicals having high adsorption coefficients are likely to be carried with e
42. Resources page 66 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFY to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP F2 CMDS F3 LIST 719 NEXT FglinyPgdn PAGE 1 10 Figure 38 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 D Side Note Step 13 As shown in Fig 38 you will be prompted to enter the following Forexample the liquid values where phase biodegradation in layer 2 is computed as gom bii Parameter Description KDEL2 the ratio of KDEL liquid phase CHEM e biodegradation in layer 2 to layer 1 X Parameter Description KDEL3 the ratio of KDEL liquid phase biodegradation in layer 3 to layer 1 2 25 SE X Parameter Description KDEL4 the ratio of KDEL liquid phase input in the CHEM file biodegradation in layer 4 to layer 1 and OC and CEC are n input in the SOIL file Parameter Description KDES2 the ratio of KDES solid phase biodegradation in layer 2 to layer 1 X Parameter Description KDES3 the ratio of KDES solid phase biodegradation in layer 3 to layer 1 X Parameter Description KDES4 the ratio of KDES solid phase biodegradation in layer 4 to layer 1 ee Side Note X Parameter Description OC27 the ratio of OC organic carbon The O
43. Sand Fraction Clay Fraction Slope Length cm Average Land Slope cm cm Soil Erodibility Factor tons acre English EI Soil Loss Ratio unitless Contouring Factor unitless Manning s Coefficient unitless 4 6 1 Using And Creating The WASH Default Data File Option Step1 Choose the option labeled Use the WASH default data and press the ENTER key Step2 As shown in Fig 48 enter a descriptive label for the WASH data file up to 20 characters This label will appear in the file catalog manager and is used to identify the input file p X dl Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 77 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Side Note The washload area required in the WASH file refers to a patch of topsoil subject to erosion The area of this patch can be smaller than or equal to the application area for the simulation run The 5 sand and clay fractions refer to this layer of topsoil this soil need not have the same properties as the upper layer of soil in the soil column SESOIL also requires information about the land over which the surface runoff and the washload will travel including the length of the slope between the washload area and a barrier or sink into which the runoff will drain and the Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press
44. THE ORDER OF 10 7 OR LESS in the SOIL input IS 2222 data file Permeability WARNING SOIL PERMEABILITY K11 IS Check permeability layer 1 USUALLY ON THE ORDER OF 10 7 OR LESS for layer 1 in the IS 2222 APPLICATION data file Permeability WARNING SOIL PERMEABILITY K12 IS Check permeability layer 2 USUALLY ON THE ORDER OF 10 7 OR LESS for layer 2 in the IS APPLICATION data file Permeability WARNING SOIL PERMEABILITY K13 IS Check permeability layer 3 USUALLY ON THE ORDER OF 10 7 OR LESS for layer 3 in IS APPLICATION data file Permeability WARNING SOIL PERMEABILITY K1L IS Check permeability last layer USUALLY ON THE ORDER OF 10 7 OR LESS for the lowest layer IS in the APPLICATION data file Porosity FATAL ERROR SOIL POROSITY N MUST Input for soil BE LESS THAN 1 IS porosity is in error in the SOIL input data file Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 116 The New Sesoil Users Guide Appendix C KEY WORDS Rainfall annual Rainfall monthly Sand content Silt content SO Soil moisture Soil Moisture Soil Moisture Solubility Surface Runoff Flag Annual Surface Runoff Flag Monthly Volatili zation Annual ERROR OR WARNING WARNING RAINFALL INPUT FLAG ASL 15 USUALLY LESS THAN 1 15 WARNING RAINFALL INPUT FLAG ASL IS USUALLY LESS THAN 1 FATAL ERROR SAND CONTENT SND MUST BE BETWEEN O0 AND 1
45. Vegas NV December 8 10 D M Nielsen and M Curl editors 936 958 1983 Jones R L P S C Rao and A G Hornsby Fate of Aldicarb in Florida Citrus Soil 2 Model Evaluation In Proc of the NWWA U S EPA Conference on Characterization and Modeling of the Vadose Unsaturated Zone Las Vegas NV December 8 10 D M Nielson and M Curl editors 959 978 1983 Jones R L Field Laboratory and Modeling Studies on the Degradation and Transport of Aldicarb Residues in Soil and Groundwater Presented at ACS Symposium on Evaluation of Pesticides in Groundwater Miami Beach April 28 May 1 1985 Jones R L Central California Studies on the Degradation and Movement of Aldicarb Residues Draft 28 pp 1986 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 120 The New SESOIL User s Guide References Jury W A W J Farmer and W F Spencer Behavior Assessment Model for Trace Organics in Soil Il Chemical Classification and Parameter Sensitivity J Environ Qual 13 4 567 572 1984 Kincaid C T J R Morery S B Yabusaki A R Felmy and J E Rogers Geohydrochemical Models for Solute Migration Voi 2 Preliminary Evaluation of Selected Computer Codes for Modeling Aqueous Solution and Solute Migration in Soils and Geologic Media EA 3477 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto California 1984 Knisel W G Editor CREAMS A Field Scale Model for Chemicals Runoff and Erosion from Agricu
46. YEAR 1 MONTHLY RESULTS OUTPUT any additional warnings or errors that SESOIL recognizes are printed For example warnings or errors that occur during the hydrologic cycle calculations will be printed here For the user s convenience all error and warning messages and their meanings are listed in Appendix C 5 1 2 Output Of The Model s Monthly Results The next section of the output file reports the model results which are divided into annual subsections These data are grouped by the year simulated with the results reported for each month The monthly results are organized in the following order O Hydrologic cycle components C Washload cycle components if used O Pollutant mass input Pollutant mass distribution for each layer sublayer C Pollutant concentration distribution for each layer sublayer O Pollutant depth These monthly results are followed by an annual summary The following discusses each category in detail The results for each year begin with the monthly results for the hydrologic cycle The first parameter printed labeled MOIS IN L1 see Appendix B is the volumetric soil moisture content in the root zone defined in SESOIL as the first 100 cm of the unsaturated soil zone The next parameter labeled MOIS BELOW L1 is the average volumetric soil moisture content for the entire soil column from the surface to the groundwater table Notice that in the example output file Appendix B
47. advance to the next menu 3 Access a user supplied APPLIC file 4 Advance to next data opti Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selectian Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP 2 CMDS 22 18 9 BACK 025 NEXT g g Pqbu PAGE 3it Pi9 END Ysc EXIT Figure 33 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 As shown Fig 34 enter a descriptive label for the APPLICA TION data file 1to 20 characters This label appears in the file catalog manager and is used to identify the file Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 71 HELP 2 CMDS 221 87 Fo BACK 710 NEXT Pqup PgDn PAGE nit 720 END Esc EXIT Figure 34 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step3 As shown in Fig 35 use the down arrow key to highlight the de scriptive header field and enter a description for your applica tion site 0 48 characters This header appears in the output report file NENNEN E Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 63 The New SESOIL User s Guide Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 im Se OL D Side Note ISPILL 1 applies only to Step 7 the first layer see Section 3 5 2 S
48. ailows you to delete existing years of data With this option you may delete existing years of data Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 72 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO by entering the number of years to be deleted The fast N years of existing data will be deleted i e entering 5 deletes the last 5 years of existing data You may not delete all years of data i e data for year 1 must always exist Cl OPTION 4 advances you to the next menu selection Step 21 Once you have input your pollutant load s into the proper lay er s and year s you may then selection option 4 to create the APPLIC file and advance to the next option menu WASHLOAD menu 4 5 2 Accessing A Default Data File For A Generic Municipal Landfill As shown in Fig 43 this option accesses default data for a generic municipal landfill You may edit the default values to create your desired APPLIC data Step 1 Step 2 As shown in Fig 43 highlight the option labeled Access ge neric municipal landfill data and press the ENTER key Give Use manbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FL HELP 2 CMDS 3 LIST FS BACK 239 PgUp Pqde PAGE n1t F19 END Figure 43 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Repeat steps
49. al 1978 Summer Y 16 115 O 856X Fall Y 1578 1 023x Winter Y 15 522 O 656X Spring Y 0 179 1 052X where Y the mean monthly soil temperature F X the mean monthly air temperature F These regression equations are very crude and not depth dependent However further complexity is not warranted since soil temperature is used only in Eq 7 and does not significantly affect results It should be noted that some chemical parameters and processes are dependent on temperature for example solubility p V UE B B s Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 29 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description Henry s law constant and rate constants for biodegradation and hydrolysis No explicit consideration of these effects is included in SESOIL and the user should adjust the input values for such parameters if temperature effects are judged to be important 3 5 9 Pollutant Cycle Evaluation There are several approaches used to evaluate the reliability and usefulness of an environmental model such as verification calibration sensitivity analysis uncertainty analysis and validation Verification establishes that results from each of the algorithms of the model are correct Calibration is the process of adjusting selected mode parameters within an accepted range u
50. de de de de e de de ode he ie de ie de dede He e de de de de de de de He de de de de de de de dede de de de e de de de de de de de de de de de e de e de de de de de dede de de he de He de he e de he de desde de de de e He de ee e je dee dece e x LEE E k 3e kk k MONTHLY SESOIL MODEL OPERATION MONTHLY SITE SPECIFIC SIMULATION REGION MILWAUKEE WSO AP SOIL TYPE SAND COMPOUND Benzene WASHLOAD DATA APPLICATION AREA DEFAULT APPLIC DATA GENERAL INPUT PARAMETERS SOIL INPUT PARAMETERS SOIL DENSITY G CM 3 1 70 INTRINSIC PERMEABILITY CM 2 100E 07 DISCONNECTEDNESS INDEX 4 00 POROSITY 250 ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT 500 CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY MILLI EQ 100G DRY SOIL 000 FREUNDLICH EXPONENT 1 00 nl Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 107 The New SESOIL User s Guide 2 WI A RENE Ry sag oy M rr II a ge iate EN RE FEE EP ET EE REN AC s NC TEE S LEE EEE ND EIER ICI RIETI GE ISIE AER DELLE RARE 1 CHEMICAL INPUT PARAMETERS Appendix B SOLUBILITY UG ML 178E 04 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT IN AIR CM 2 SEC 770E 01 HENRYS LAW CONSTANT M 3 ATM MOLE 555E 02 ADSORPTION COEFFICIENT ON ORGANIC CARBON KOC 31 0 ADSORPTION COEFFICIENT ON SOIL K 000 MOLECULAR WEIGHT G MOL 78 1 VALENCE 000 NEUTRAL HYDROLYSIS CONSTANT DAY 000 BASE HYDROLYSI
51. in RISKPRO RY oP Pg I Side Note At Step 5 default values are given for all remaining parameters KSOIL CFACT PFACT NFACT in the WASH file see Section 4 6 2 below These values should be changed for the site being studied Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation T1 H LP F2 CHDS 73 LIST 95 BACK 9 Pu p gDn PAGE 31t 710 END isc EXIT Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step5 After entering values for each of the above parameters press the enter key to advance to the next menu as shown in Fig 49 This menu states that You now have 1 year s of Monthly Washload Data At this menu you have four options to choose from where U OPTION 1 OPTION 2 D OPTION 3 D OPTION 4 will allow you to review and modify any year of existing WASH data see Section 4 6 2 allows you to create more years of data using any of the existing years The total number of years of data you create does not necessarily have to equal the number of years you wish to simulate in your SESOIL run If the number of years of available data is less than the number of years specified for the SESOIL run the model will automatically use the last year of available data for all remaining years of simulation see Section 4 6 3
52. inputs in such a way as to avoid double accounting It is up to the user to be sure that cation exchange is the predominant adsorption mechanism at the modeled site This determination includes considerations of leachate characteristics such as pH ionic strength and the presence and concentration of other cations The other cations often found in landfill leachate and aqueous industrial wastes may have higher affinity for exchange with soil cations and may effectively block exchange between the pollutant and the soil cations In addition the speciation of the pollutant should be considered Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 3 5 5 Degradation Biodegradation And Hydrolysis The pollutant cycle of SESOIL contains two transformation routines which can be used to estimate pollutant degradation in the soil Biodegradation is the biologic breakdown of organic chemicals most often by microorganisms Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction of the pollutant with water Both processes result in the loss of MUNDUS Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 25 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description the original pollutant and the creation of new chemicals The SESOIL model accounts for the mass of original pollutant lost via degradation but does not keep track of any degradation products The user is responsible for knowing what the degradation products will be and their potential significance The biodegradation process
53. layer sublayer are 0 0 for the year then the only label printed is the number of the sublayer e g for the year 1 results shown in Appendix B SUBLAYER 3 in the SOIL ZONE 3 had no components listed signifying that the pollutant had not reached this sublayer yet during the first year When the pollutant reaches the bottom of the soil column the last sublayer of the LOWER SOIL ZONE the last component printed in the mass distribution table is the mass of pollutant in ug that leaves the unsaturated zone and enters the groundwater labeled GWR RUNOFF ee Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 91 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results Table 5 1 Pollutant Mass ug Distribution Table in the Process Label SUR RUNOFF IN WASHLOAD VOLATILIZED DIFFUSED UP DEGRAD MOIS DEGRAD SOIL HYDROL MOIS HYDROL SOIL HYDROL CEC OTHER SINKS OTHER TRANS IN SOIL MOIS ADS ON SOIL IN SOIL AIR PURE PHASE COMPLEXED IMMOBIL CEC GWR RUNOFF Output File Definition Mass of the pollutant in the surface runoff first sublayer only Mass of the pollutant lost via soil erosion first sublayer only Mass of pollutant volatilized to air from the first sublayer first sublayer only Mass of pollutant diffused upward from the layer sublayer to the layer sublayer above it Mass of pollutant degraded in the soil moisture phase Mass of pollutant degraded in
54. of an output data file you have created with the AUTOEST program from the RISKPRO system and press the ENTER key The file has a name in the form CHEMxxx DAT where xxx are three digits Press the F3 function key to obtain a list of files in the file catalog Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 56 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO RISHPMO RUTOEST File Nane s Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Pi MELP 2 CMDS 3 LIST F2 BACK Uis NEXT stip PqDu PAGE Sic P O END Ecc EXIT Figure 27 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step3 As shown in Fig 28 you will see an example of an output screen menu of chemicals that were created with the AUTOEST pro gram Note that each chemical is given an index number After viewing this screen press ALT F10 to be prompted to the next screen menu as shown in Fig 29 Data Estimated by AUTOEST Indx Chem Nane 1 Benzene 2 Benzene ethyi 3 Naphthalene SCRALL 1 03 PHGE PgUB PgDn CMTL CNTLs HOME END Alt F19 END Figure 28 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Z Step4 As shown in Fig 29 enter the selected index number of the de sired chemical and press the ENTER key
55. only with the soil moisture while upward movement can occur only by vapor phase diffusion Like the hydrologic cycle the pollutant fate cycle is based on a mass balance p im oS Ov Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 15 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description equation Eq 6 that tracks the pollutant as it moves in the soil moisture between subcompartments Upon reaching and entering a layer or sublayer the model assumes instantaneous uniform distribution of the pollutant throughout that layer or sublayer The mass balance equation is O t 1 16 T RCE M C 6 where O t 1 the amount of pollutant originally in the soil compartment at time t 1 ng cm I t the amount of pollutant entering the soil compartment during a time step T t the amount of pollutant transformed within the soil compartment during the time step ng cm K t the amount of pollutant remaining in the soil compartment at time t pg cm M t the amount of pollutant migrating out of the soil compartment during the time step ug cm The fate of the pollutant in the soil column includes both transport and transformation processes which depend on the chemical s partitioning among the three phases soil air soil moisture and soil solids The three phases are assumed to be in equili
56. owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or service by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the United States Government the Department of Energy Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation nor any person acting on behalf of the Department of Energy or Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Distribution Notice This code data package is a part of the collections of the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center RSICC developed by various government and private organizations and contributed to RSICC for distribution Any further distribution by any holder unless otherwise specifically provided for is prohibited by the U S Dept Of Energy without the approval of RSICC P O Box 2008 Oak Ridge TN 37831 6362 Documentation for CCC 629 SESOIL Code Package PAGE RSICC Computer Code Abstract o es ob eat he Ned e SIE aes aye iii D M Hetrick Instructions for Running Stand Alone SESOIL Code 10 03 Section 1 D M Hetrick Background Information on February 1995 Modifications to SESOIL January 2L 70843 cedo so so A OSE eU oe do RR RO Phe C Rea qtd Section 2 D M Hetrick S J Scott with M J Barden The New SESOIL User s Guide PUBL SW 200 93 Revision 1 6 August 1994 Section 3 Total Pages 132 July 1996 RSIC COD
57. phase The three major cycles are summarized in the sections that follow Table 3 1 SESOIL CYCLES Hydrologic Cycle Rainfall Infiltration Groundwater runoff recharge Surface runoff Capillary rise Evapotranspiration Soil moisture retention storage Sediment Cycle Sediment washload erosion due to storms Pollutant Fate Cycle Advection Cation exchange Diffusion air phase Volatilization Sorption Hydrolysis Washload Surface runoff Groundwater runoff recharge Metal complexation Chemical degradation decay Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 6 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description Schematic of the Monthly Hydrologic lt _ lt Groundwater Table EE c n H nx m lQ H un n Mmant name Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 7 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description SR 3 3 Hydrologic Cycle The hydrologic cycle is one dimensional considers vertical movement only and focuses on the role of soil moisture or interstitial pore water in the soil compartment The hydrologic cycle submodel calculates results for the hydrology of a site and passes these results to both the sediment washload cycle and the pollutant fate cycle The hydrologic cycle used in SESOIL is an adaptation of the water balance dynamics the
58. pollutant is loaded sublayer 1 of that layer if sublayers are included and Eq 11 is used to compute the depth of the pollutant front from that point Subsequently the pollutant is not allowed to enter a layer sublayer until the depth of the pollutant front has reached the top of that layer sublayer When the pollutant depth reaches the groundwater table pollutant leaves the unsaturated zone by simply multiplying the groundwater runoff recharge rate by the concentration in the soil moisture 3 5 3 Volatilization Diffusion n SESOIL volatilization diffusion includes movement of the pollutant from the soil surface to the atmosphere and from lower soil layers to upper ones Note that vapor phase diffusion in SESOIL operates in the upward direction only The rate of diffusion for a chemical is determined by the properties of the chemical the soil properties and environmental conditions The volatilization diffusion model in SESOIL is based on the model of Farmer et al 1980 and Millington and Quirk 1961 and is a discretized version of Fick s first law over space assuming vapor phase diffusion as the rate controlling process That is the same equation is used for volatilization to the atmosphere as is used for diffusion from lower layers to upper ones The vapor phase diffusion flux through the soil J ug cm s is described as Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 22 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SE
59. the SERUN program and therefore need not be specified The default names are the last ones that created by SEBUILD in RISKPRO The run files created in RISKPRO are stored in the catalog manager and a list of files can be retrieved using the F3 key Step1 As shown in Fig 57 select option 2 labeled SERUN and press the ENTER key STIS TOOT SEAL STE Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP F2 CMDS F3 LIST FO BACK Fi0 NEXT Pglp fgln PAGE a1t P10 END Esc EXIT Figure 57 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 2 Enter the file names for your CLIMATE SOIL CHEM APPLIC and WASH data files If no extension is specified the extension INP will be assumed as shown in Fig 58 Note that the WASH data file is optional If washload is not to be simulated enter NONE Remember to use your F3 key to list files from the contents of your active catalog file Press the ENTER key to ad vance to the next menu option nn Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 85 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO SESOIL Input File CLIMAT data tle nave SUIL data lile nane CHI data flie name APPLIC datafile nane Use tE DOUM keys ta select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to dcicte the previous
60. the hydrologic cycle will compute and use the depth weighted average permeability according to the formula vertically averaged permeability cm permeability for layer i cm depth from eurface to groundwater cm thickness of layer i cm Thus the user should exercise care when applying SESOIL to sites with large vertical variations in soil properties The average permeability calculated by Eq 3 in the hydrologic cycle may not be what the user intended and the resulting computed average soil moisture content may not be valid al Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 9 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description There is no explicit consideration of snow and ice which are entered as precipitation The model assumes that the water table elevation is constant with no change in groundwater storage from year to year Bonazountas et al 1984 adopted this theory for both annual and monthly simulations Each process in Eqs 1 and 2 is written in terms of the soil moisture content and solution of the equations is accomplished by iterating on soil moisture until the calculated value for precipitation is within 1 096 of the measured value input by the user When this iteration is complete the components such as infiltration evapotranspiration etc in Eqs 1 and 2 are known SESOIL uses this procedure in both the annual and monthly routines The monthly routine is an extens
61. the soil adsorbed phase Mass of pollutant degraded due to hydrolysis in the soil moisture phase Mass of pollutant degraded due to hydrolysis in the adsorbed soil phase Mass of pollutant degraded due to hydrolysis of the mass of the pollutant immobilized by cation exchange This is the value input by the user for SINK1 or 2 3 L depending on the layer in ug cm in the application input file multiplied by the surface area and divided by the number of sublayers in the layer This is the value input by the user for TRANS1 or 2 3 L depending on the layer in in the application input file multiplied by the surface area and divided by the number of sublayers in the layer Mass of pollutant in the soil moisture phase Mass of pollutant in the soil adsorbed phase Mass of pollutant in the soil air phase Mass of the pollutant in the pure phase will be nonzero only if the pollutant concentration in the soil moisture phase exceeds the solubility of the chemical Mass of the pollutant that is complexed Mass of pollutant immobilized by cation exchange Mass of pollutant that leaves the unsaturated zone and enters the groundwater lowest sublayer only Following the pollutant mass distribution table is a table of the monthly pollutant concentrations for each chemical phase for each sublayer of each major soil layer see Appendix B The concentrations are printed for each subiayer from the surface to the bottom
62. the units Highlight and enter the Y axis label option This label will ap pear below the Y axis You should include the units Highlight the option labeled Foot note to be drawn A foot note for the bar chart can be entered This is optional and may be left blank For the final option enter a descriptive label for the bar chart and press the ENTER key This entry is required for cataloging the output file and willbe displayed by the RISKPRO Catalog Manager for identification purposes At this point you should see a graph created by the RISKPRO system Press the ENTER key to return to the Seasonal Soil Compartment Model Menu shown in Fig 61 Technical Note view or graph any of the bar chart files use the Catalog manager in RISKPRO See Section 4 2 of the RISKPRO documentation General Science Corporation 1990 5 2 2 Graphing Pollutant Depth Vs Time Step 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources As shown in Fig 68 choose the Pollutant Depth vs Time option and press the ENTER key This option produces a bar chart of the depth of the poilutant front vs time Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Ft HELP 72 CMDS PX LIST FS BACK 7i8 NEXT PgUp FqDn PAGE 11 19 END Esc EXIT Figure 68 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 p o
63. the volatilization of the chemical to the atmosphere runoff rates chemical concentrations in the soil column and the rate of vertical migration leaching of a chemical toward groundwater including quantities entering the groundwater nn A Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 3 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description SESOIL Model Description SESOIL is a one dimensional vertical transport model for the unsaturated soil zone SESOIL can consider only one compound at a time and the model is based on mass balance and equilibrium partitioning of the chemical between different phases dissolved sorbed vapor and pure The SESOIL model was designed to perform long term simulations of chemical transport and transformations in the soil The model uses theoretically derived equations to represent water transport sediment transport on the land surface pollutant transformation and migration of the pollutant to the atmosphere and groundwater Climatic data compartment geometry and soil and chemical property data are the major components used in the equations The expression long term applies to both annual and monthly simulations in SESOIL and is used in contrast to short term models which employ a storm by storm resolution Some soil models are designed to estimate pollutant distribution in the soil after each major storm event and simulate
64. these two parameters are the same for each month The hydrologic cycle of SESOIL needs further development before there will be any significant difference between these two parameters since an average permeability is used for the entire soil column in the hydrologic cycle At present only very dry climates may cause a difference Bonazountas personal communication 1986 The calculated precipitation in units of cm labeled PRECIPITATION CM is listed next for each month As stated in Section 3 3 the program iterates on the soil moisture in equations 1 and 2 until the calculated precipitation compares well with the measured precipitation input by the user This result is followed by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 89 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results the infiltration the evapotranspiration the moisture retention the surface runoff and the groundwater runoff recharge all in units of cm Infiltration is calculated as the difference between the precipitation and the surface runoff and is also equal to the moisture retention plus the evapotranspiration plus the groundwater runoff recharge The yield is simply the surface runoff plus the groundwater runoff recharge The next two lines PAU MPA GZU and PA MPA GZ are the calculated precipitation for each month for the root zone and the entire soil column respectively each divided by the measured precipitation
65. three watersheds except for months where surface runoff came from one or two high intensity storms Hetrick and Travis 1988 re AGE C mE 3 5 Pollutant Fate Cycle The pollutant fate cycle focuses on the various chemical transport and transformation processes which may occur in the soil These processes are summarized in Table 3 1 and are discussed in more detail in the subsections that follow The pollutant fate cycle uses calculated results from the hydrologic cycle and the sediment washioad cycle Information from these cycles is automatically provided to the pollutant fate cycle In SESOIL the ultimate fate and distribution of the pollutant is controlled by the processes interrelated by the mass balance equation 6 below The processes are selectively employed and combined by the pollutant fate cycle based on the chemical properties and the simulation scenario specified by the user The actual quantity or mass of pollutant taking part in any one process depends on the competition among all the processes for available pollutant mass Pollutant availability for participation in these processes and the pollutant rate of migration to the groundwater depends on its partitioning in the soil between the gas soil air dissolved soil moisture and solid adsorbed to soil phases 3 5 1 Foundation In SESOIL any layer sublayer can receive pollutant store it and export it to other subcompartments Downward movement of pollutant occurs
66. to 48 characters This header appears in the SESOIL output file and is used to identify the input file Press the ENTER key to proceed to the next menu Your screen should now show you 4 options as shown in Fig 9 and has created one year of data where a ES DY Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 37 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 72 0MDS FT LIST 9 7 0 MEXT TgUp PgUn PRGE 5it F19 EMD Esc EXIT Figure 8 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 OPTION 1 labeled Edit an existing year of data allows you to review and modify any year of existing data O OPTION 2 labeled Create additional years of data will allow you to create more years of data using any of the existing years O OPTION 3 labeled Delete existing years of data allows you to delete years of data aiready created OPTION 4 labeled Advance to the next data options menu in Fig 9 allows you to proceed to the next menu once you have finished editing creating your present monthly climatic data Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Yt HELP r2 CMBS
67. 0 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 008 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 008 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 008 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 008 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 008 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 Q0E 00 0 00 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 008 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 Q 00E 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 008 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00B 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 008 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 008 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 008 00 0 00E 00 0 008 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 005 00 0 00E 00 1 008400 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 008 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 1 00E
68. 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 4 567E 06 1 200 07 1 492E 07 1 274E 07 1 138 07 SUBLAYER 2 IN SOIL MOI 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000R 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 5 453E 06 1 009E 07 ADS ON SOIL 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000B 00 0 000E 00 2 932E 07 5 396 07 IN SOIL AIR 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 S 080E 06 9 462E 06 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 110 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix B SUBLAYER 3 SUBLAYER 4 SUBLAYER 5 SUBLAYER 6 SUBLAYER 7 SUBLAYER 8 SUBLAYER 9 0 LOWER SOIL ZONE SUBLAYER 1 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS UG ML OR UG G NOTE IF CONCENTRATIONS ARE ZERO POR EACH MONTH THEY ARE NOT PRINTED UPPER SOIL ZONE SUBLAYER 1 MOISTURE 2 195 01 4 610E 01 5 434 01 5 7998 01 5 911 01 5 581 01 5 166 01 4 896 01 4 351 01 3 SOLUBILITY 1 233 00 2 590 00 3 053E 00 3 258 00 3 321 00 3 135 00 2 902E 00 2 751 00 2 444 00 2 ADSORBED 3 402E 00 7 145E 00 8 422 00 8 988 00 9 162E 00 8 650 00 8 007E 00 7 589 00 6 744 00 5 953 00 SOIL AIR 5 194E 00 1 124 01 1 360 01 1 447 01 1 469 01 1 369 01 1 237E 01 1 149 01 1 8 714 00 841 01 3 482 01 3 143 01 158E 00 1 956 00 1 766E 00 5 397E 00 4 871E 00 1 000 01 911
69. 1 pH is used only if the through K14 by highlighting each field with the up down arrow hydrolysis algorithm is keys Note that used Thus if KNH KAH and KBH are 0 0 in the CHEM file then X Parameter Description PH1 the pH of the uppermost soil layer you can ignore the pH Mn values for the layers Parameter Description PH2 the pH of the second soil layer X Parameter Description PH3 the pH of the third soil layer X Parameter Description PH4 the pH of the bottom soil layer Parameter Description K11 the intrinsic permeability for the uppermost layer cm Side Note SA ENTE 2 in the SOIL fle is amp Parameter Description K12 the intrinsic permeability for the 2 set to zero then K11 second layer cm K12 K13 and K14 are used as the permeability X Parameter Description K13 the intrinsic permeability for the third values IFK1 from the layer cm SOIL data file is non zero then K11 12 amp Parameter Description K14 the intrinsic permeability for the K13 and K14 are not bottom layer cm used and should be set to zero Refer to Sections 3 3 3 5 2 Z Step 12 Next press the ENTER key to accept your input values and to 3 5 9 where cautions are proceed to the next menu labeled App ic Data Layer Ratios discussed for how the see Fig 38 permeabilities are used in SESOIL A Ecl Wisconsin Department of Natural
70. 1 00 1 00 Input Data File Continued Next Page BENE M A CC OMM AME E UDUSUUUUIUIUII O 0m cnc Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 105 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix A APPLICA TION INPUT DATA FILE Continued LAYER 1 YEAR 2 POLIN1 00 00 00 0 00 0 00 TRANS1 00 00 00 0 00 0 00 SINK1 00 00 00 0 00 0 00 LIGI 00 00 00 0 00 0 00 VOLF1 00 00 00 1 00 1 00 ISRM 00 00 00 0 00 0 00 ASL 00 0 00 0 00 YEAR 2 POLIN2 2 00 0 00 0 00 TRANS2 5 T P 00 0 00 0 00 SINK2 00 0 00 0 00 1162 5 00 0 00 0 00 VOLF2 5 A 00 1 00 1 00 YEAR 2 POLIN3 0 0 00 TRANS3 gt 0 00 SINK3 0 00 LIG3 3 0 00 VOLF3 s 1 00 2 POLIN4 gt 0 3 00 0 00 TRANS4 00 0 00 SINK4 gt 00 0 00 LIG4 4 00 0 00 VOLF4 00 1 00 OF FILE An Example Of A Washload Data File Optional This is an example of a washload data file This input data file was not used for the simulation run listed in Appendix B WASHLOAD INPUT DATA FILE 1 DEFAULT WASHLOAD DATA CLINTON MA I ARW SLT SND CLY SLEN SLP 10000 0 0 20 0 66 0 146279 00 0 0267 MONTHLY DATA YR 1 KSOIL 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 CFACT 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 0 26 PFACT 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 NFACT 0 030 0 030
71. 2 0 MEXI PgUp FgDn PEGE 5it P19 EMD Figure 55 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 in Fig 56 you will be prompted to enter the file name for your WASHLOAD data file If no extension is specified the extension INP wiil be assumed The file name is of the form SWASHxxx INP where xxx are three digits You may press the F3 function key for a list of files in your catalog V Step3 Repeat any of the steps in Sections 4 6 2 through 4 6 4 to edit the data or create or delete any additional years of data Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next or operation FI HELP 72 CMDS F3 LIST S BACK 0 NEXI gUp gDn PAGE AIL F10 EMD Xsc EXIT Figure 56 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 84 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model inputs in RISKPRO eae ie ee NAE apes 4 7 Running the SESOIL Model To run the SESOIL model you must specify the five SESOIL input files for your SESOIL run CLIMATE SOIL CHEM APPLIC and WASH The WASH file is optional and need be specified only if washload simulation is to be performed The EXEC file which contains SESOIL run control parameters is automatically created by
72. 2 21 in Section 4 5 1 to create and or edit your AP PLIC data file 4 5 3 Accessing A Previously Created APPLIC File M I ST M Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 73 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO This option accesses a previously created APPLIC file You may use the data as they are or you may edit the data Step 1 Highlight option 3 labeled Access a user supplied APPLIC file and press the ENTER key as shown in Fig 44 Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation L MELP FZ CNDS F3 EIST FS BACK 10 PgprPyfo PAGE Ait F10 END Esc EXIT Figure 44 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 2 As shown in Fig 45 enter the file name for your APPLICATION data file If no extension is specified the extension INP will be assumed lf using file previously created by RISKPRO the file name is of the form SAPPLxxx INP where xxx are three dig its You may press the F3 function key for a list of files in your catalog Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP 2 CNDS FS LIST 710 MEXT YgUp Pg
73. 41 07 6 739 07 7 075E 07 6 593E 07 6 336E 07 5 735 07 4 848E 07 4 417 07 3 900E 07 3 413 07 3 097E 07 ADS ON SOIL 1 157 08 2 429 08 2 864E 08 3 056E 08 3 115E 08 2 941E 08 2 722 08 2 5808 08 2 293E 08 2 024 08 1 835 08 1 656E 08 IN SOIL AIR 2 088 07 4 366E 07 5 113 07 5 468E 07 5 705 07 5 292 07 4 813E 07 4 6068 07 3 986E 07 3 472 07 3 180E 07 2 904E 07 SOIL ZONE 2 SUBLAYER 1 DIFFUSED UP 1 877 08 2 529 08 1 685 08 1 363 08 1 228 08 1 032 08 9 638E 07 9 478 07 7 421 07 6 326 07 6 166 07 5 387 07 IN SOIL MOI 2 064 08 1 948 08 1 896E 08 1 684 08 1 401 08 1 318 08 1 213E 08 9 621E 07 8 484E 07 7 6928 07 6 687 07 5 944E 07 ADS SOIL 1 109E 09 9 206E 08 8 055E 08 7 274E 08 6 619 08 6 119 08 5 7588 08 5 120E 08 4 404 08 3 993 08 3 595E 08 3 179E 08 IN SOIL AIR 2 003 08 1 655E 08 1 438 08 1 302E 08 1 212 08 1 101 08 1 018 08 9 1408 07 7 656E 07 6 849E 07 6 230E 07 5 575 07 SOIL ZONE 3 SUBLAYER 1 DIFFUSED UP 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 2 930E 07 2 185 07 1 186 07 IN SOIL MOI 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 0008 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 4 808E 06 1 330 07 1 675E 07 1 367 07 1 214E 07 ADS ON SOIL 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 2 559B 07 6 904B 07 8 695E 07 7 350E 07 6 491 07 IN SOIL AIR 0 000E 00 0
74. 8 11 g mole Note all other parameters VAL KNH KBH KAH KDEL KDES SK B and MWTLIG are set to zero CHEMICAL INPUT DATA FILE 1 BENZENE SL DA H KOC K 1780 00 0 0770 00555 31 00 0 00 MWT VAL KNH KBH KAH 78 11 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 KDEL KDES SK B MWTLIG 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 999 END OF FILE An Example Of Application Data File For this file the following values were entered ILYS No of soil layers 2 4 4 AR Application area 100 000 cm LAT Latitude of site deg 42 95 degrees ISPILL Spill index 0 or 1 2 0 D1 Upper layer thickness 200 cm D2 Second layer thickness 200 cm D3 Third layer thickness 400 cm D4 Lower layer thickness 15 cm NSUB1 sublayers in upper layer 1 NSUB2 sublayers in 2nd layer 1 NSUB3 sublayers in 3rd layer 10 NSUBA sublayers in lower layer 1 pA UM a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 103 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix A PH1 pH of upper layer 0 14 7 PH2 pH of second layer 0 14 7 PH3 pH of third layer 0 14 7 PH4 pH of lower layer 0 14 7 K11 Perm of upper layer 0 K12 Perm of 2nd layer 0 cm K13 Perm of 3rd layer 0 cm K14 Perm of lower layer 0 cm KDEL2 Ratio of KDEL layer 2 to 1 1 KDEL3 Ratio of KDEL layer 3 to 1 1 KDELA Ratio of KDEL layer 4 to 1 1 KDES2 Ratio of KDES layer 2 to1 1 KDES3 Ratio of KDES layer
75. 983 2 978 3 860 4 485 3 320 4 238 4 524 3 886 3 547 PAU MPA GZU 1 007 0 99 1 006 1 007 1 008 1 003 1 009 0 998 0 992 0 994 0 998 0 995 PA MPA GZ 1 007 0 997 1 006 1 007 1 008 1 003 1 009 0 998 0 992 0 994 0 998 0 995 POLLUTANT MASS INPUT TO COLUMN UG NOV DEC JAN JUN JUL AUG SEP PRECIP 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 60 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 LOAD UPPER 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 LOAD ZONE 2 1 700E 09 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 0008 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 LOAD ZONE 3 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 LOAD LOWER 0 0005 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 D 000E 00 0 0008 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000B 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 TOTAL INPUT 1 700 09 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000E 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000 00 0 000E 00 9 POLLUTANT MASS DISTRIBUTION IN COLUMN UG NOTE IF COMPONENT IS ZERO EACH MONTH IS NOT PRINTED UPPER SOIL ZONE SUBLAYER 1 VOLATILIZED 1 442E 07 5 940 07 7 712 07 8 745E 07 9 957E 07 9 386 07 8 761 07 8 967E 07 7 826E 07 6 830 07 6 315E 07 5 749 07 IN SOIL MOI 2 152 07 5 1
76. And Washload Pollutant can be removed from the soil area being simulated by SESOIL via surface runoff and washload The poilutant in surface runoff is simply the surface runoff computed in the hydrologic cycle for each month multiplied by the pollutant concentration in the soil moisture of the surface layer for each time step The result of this calculation is multiplied by another user supplied parameter called ISRM which controls the amount of chemical partitioned into runoff There is no basis for estimating ISRM a priori it can be set to 0 0 to turn off the pollutant participation in runoff or it can be used essentially as a fitting parameter if data are available In a calibration validation exercise used to predict atrazine runoff at a site in Watkinsville Georgia the parameter ISRM was found to be 0 06 see Hetrick et al 1989 Pollutant loss via washload is computed by taking the sediment yield from the washload cycle multiplied by the adsorbed pollutant concentration in the surface layer While studies have been conducted comparing results of sediment yield with field data Hetrick and Travis 1988 pollutant loss via washload has not been validated in SESOIL 3 5 8 Soil Temperature The original SESOIL model assumed that soil temperature was equal to the user supplied air temperature The model was modified by Hetrick et al 1989 to E predict soil temperature from air temperature according to the following Toy et
77. C ratios are not content in layer 2 to layer 1 The organic used unless K in the carbon content usually decreases with CHEM file is 0 0 depth causing SESOIL to KusingKOC x Description OC3 the ratio of OC organic carbon content in layer 3 to layer 1 The organic carbon content usually decreases with depth Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 67 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO O DEEE Side Note FRN is input in the SOIL file ADS is K from the CHEM file or KOC from the CHEM file if K is 0 0 eee O Side Note Again for example the Freundlich exponent in layer 2 is computed as FRN2 FRN where FRN is input in the SOIL file amp Parameter Description 54 Parameter Description amp Parameter Description K Parameter Description OC4 the ratio of OC organic carbon content in layer 4 to layer 1 The organic carbon content usually decreases with depth CEC2 the ratio of CEC cation exchange capacity in layer 2 to layer 1 CEC3 7 the ratio of CEC cation exchange capacity in layer 3 to layer 1 CEC4 the ratio of CEC cation exchange capacity in layer 4 to layer 1 Z Step 14 After entering your values or accepting the default values given by the RISKPRO system press the ENTER key to accept the ra tio values and proceed to the next screen Note For most model runs the user will use
78. CCC 629 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY managed by LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY RESEARCH CORPORATION for the U S DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RSICC COMPUTER CODE COLLECTION SESOIL Code System to Calculate One Dimensional Vertical Transport for the Unsaturated Soil Zone Contributed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison Wisconsin RADIATION SAFETY INFORMATION COMPUTATIONAL CENTER Legal Notice This material was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work and describes a code system or data library which is one of a series collected by the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center RSICC These codes data were developed by various Government and private organizations who contributed them to RSICC for distribution they did not normally originate at RSICC RSICC is informed that each code system has been tested by the contributor and if practical sample problems have been run by RSICC Neither the United States Government nor the Department of Energy nor Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation nor any person acting on behalf of the Department of Energy or Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation makes any warranty expressed or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness usefulness or functioning of any information code data and related material or represents that its use would not infringe privately
79. E PACKAGE CCC 629 NAME AND TITLE SESOIL Code System to Calculate One Dimensional Vertical Transport for the Unsaturated Soil Zone CONTRIBUTORS Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison Wisconsin CODING LANGUAGE AND COMPUTER FORTRAN 77 IBM PC s and compatibles C00629 IBMPC 02 NATURE OF PROBLEM SOLVED SESOIL as an integrated screening level soil compartment model is designed to simultaneously model water transport sediment transport and pollutant fate SESOIL is a one dimensional vertical transport model for the unsaturated soil zone Only one compound at a time can be considered The model is based on mass balance and equilibrium partitioning of the chemical between different phases dissolved sorbed vapor and pure The SESOIL model was designed to perform long term simulations of chemical transport and transformations in the soil and uses theoretically derived equations to represent water transport sediment transport on the land surface pollutant transformation and migration of the pollutant to the atmosphere and groundwater Climatic data compartment geometry and soil and chemical property data are the major components used in the equations SESOIL was developed as a screening level model utilizing less soil chemical and meteorological values as input than most other similar models Output of SESOIL includes time varying pollutant concentrations at various soi
80. ESULTS 88 5 1 The SESOIL Output Report File 88 5 1 1 Output Of The Model s 88 5 1 2 Output Of The Model s Monthly Results 89 5 1 3 Output Of Annual Summary 93 5 2 Graphing SESOIL Output Report Files 94 5 2 1 Graphing Concentration Vs Time 96 5 2 2 Graphing Pollutant Depth Vs Time 99 APPENDIX A Data Input Examples 102 APPENDIX B Output Report Example 107 APPENDIX C Error Or Warning Messages 113 REFERENCES 119 INDEX ee nd noe x UU a ui eer 123 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources ii The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 1 introduction Overview of the SESOIL Model Introduction Overview of the SESOIL Model SESOIL is an acronym for Seasonal Soil Compartment Mode and is a one dimensional vertical transport code for the unsaturated soil zone Itis an integrated screening level soil compartment mode and is designed to simultaneously model water transport sediment transport and pollutant fate The program was developed for EPA s Office of Water and the Office of Toxic Substances OTS in 1981 by Arthur
81. IS FATAL ERROR SILT CONTENT SLT MUST BE BETWEEN 0 AND 1 IS SO OUT OF BOUNDS CANNOT CONTINUE WITH THIS RUN FATAL ERROR SOIL MOISTURE CALCULATED AS LE 0 CHECK FOR EVAPOTRANSPIRATION CLOSE TO OR EXCEEDING ANNUAL PRECIPITATION FATAL ERROR SOIL MOISTURE SO MUST BE BETWEEN 0 AND 100 IS 2222 WARNING SOLUBILITY ENTERED AS ZERO SATURATION CHECKS MAY NOT WORK CORRECTLY WARNING RUNOFF FLAG ISRA IS USUALLY LESS THAN 1 IS WARNING RUNOFF FLAG ISRM IS USUALLY LESS THAN 1 WARNING VOLATILIZATION FLAG VOLU IS USUALLY LESS THAN 1 IS EXPLANATION In ANNUAL data file check parameter ASL In monthly APPLICATION file check parameter ASL Input for SND in WASHLOAD data file is in error Input for SLT in WASHLOAD data file is in error Can not converge on soil moisture in Subroutine HYDROA check input data carefully Check input data carefully Input for soil moisture in ANNUAL input data file is incorrect Check solubility in the CHEMICAL input file input for surface runoff flag in the ANNUAL data file should be checked Input for surface runoff flag in the monthly APPLICATION file should be checked Input for VOLU in the ANNUAL data file should be checked OO n Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 117 The New Sesoil Users Guide Appendix
82. RO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 10 If you do not want to create or edit any more additional years of data choose option four labeled Advance to next data options menu see Fig 12 Press ENTER to complete the building of your CLIMATE data file and proceed to the SOIL Data Options menu Section 4 3 RISKPRO automatically creates the CLI MATE data file and inserts it in the catalog Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 42 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO 4 2 2 Accessing A User Supplied CLIMATE File As shown in Fig 13 choosing option 2 labeled Access a user supplied CLIMATE file allows you to access a previously created CLIMATE data file You may modify the data as desired Step1 Choose option 2 as shown in Fig 13 and press the ENTER key HISKPRU DRIUE CLIMAT Data Option 1 Build data from Climate Data Base 2 Access a user supplied CLIMAT file 3 Advance to next data options menu Use numbers or UP DOUM arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation HELP LIST 27 BACK 7 2 nourn PAGE 2 END oc EXIT Figure 13 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 Next enter the file label name for your CLIMATE data file as shown in Fig 14 If using a file previously created by RISKPRO the file name i
83. S CONSTANT L MOL DAY 000 ACID HYDROLYSIS CONSTANT L MOL DAY 000 DEGRADATION RATE IN MOISTURE DAY 000 DEGRADATION RATE ON SOIL DAY 000 LIGAND POLLUTANT STABILITY CONSTANT 000 NO MOLES LIGAND MOLE POLLUTANT 000 LIGAND MOLECULAR WEIGHT G MOL 000 APPLICATION INPUT PARAMETERS NUMBER OF SOIL LAYERS 4 YEARS TO BE SIMULATED 3 AREA CM 2 0 100 06 APPLICATION AREA LATITUDE DEG 43 0 SPILL i1 OR STEADY APPLICATION 0 0 DEPTHS 0 20E 03 0 20E 03 0 40 03 15 NUMBER OF SUBLAYERS LAYER i 1 10 PH CM 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 INTRINSIC PERMEABILITIES CM 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 KDEL RATIOS 1 0 1 0 1 0 KDES RATIOS 1 0 1 0 1 0 OC RATIOS 1 0 1 0 1 0 CEC RATIOS 1 0 1 0 1 0 FRN RATIOS 1 0 1 0 1 0 ADS RATIOS 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 YEAR 1 MONTHLY INPUT PARAMETERS zEEDIDIBIEDILIBEEADINEEINZEIEZIIEISIEIEII EIEL I EZIZELEI IEIZZIII EzI z CLIMATIC INPUT PARAMETERS NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP TEMP DEG C 11 270 3 050 3 940 6 500 4 830 0 380 7 940 13 550 19 160 21 880 21 380 16 880 CLOUD CVR FRAC 0 500 0 750 0 750 0 700 0 700 0 700 0 650 0 600 0 600 0 500 0 500 0 500 REL HUM FRAC 0 700 0 750 0 800 0 800 0 800 0 700 0 700 0 700 0 700 0 700 0 700 0 700 ALBEDO 0 170 0 210 0 300 0 330 0 300 0 290 0 190 0 170 0 170 0 170 0 170 0 170 EVAPOT CM DAY 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 PRECIP CM 5 520 5 290 5
84. SKPRO Use arrou keys to select the array element to edit and Tab Shift Tab to move to the right and left data fields Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Ti HELP 2 QMDS 2 LIST 8 BACK 222 PgUp PAGE 83t FiS END Esc EXIT Figure 11 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 X Parameter Description an array of the total rain precipitation per month cm month X Parameter Description MTR an array of the mean duration of individual storm events days for each month of the year X Parameter Description array of the number of storm events per month for each month of the year Parameter Description MT an array of the length of the rainy season days for each month of the year For most regions in the U S this parameter should be set to 30 4 the default value for all months since rain events may occur throughout the entire month Step9 Again your screen should show that you now have 1 year of CLIMATE data see Fig 12 and you have the following four op tions as shown in Fig 12 where OPTION 1 allows you to review and modify any year of data that you have just created OPTION 2 allows you to create additional years of data using any of the existing years that you have created Remember that the total number of years of data you create does not necessarily have to equal the number of
85. SOIL Model Description the vapor diffusion coefficient of the compound in air cm s and comes from Eq 7 and f and fa are ae defined previously The volatilization aigorithm in the original version of SESOIL allowed pollutant in the second or lower layer to volatilize directly to the atmosphere This algorithm was modified by Hetrick et al 1989 The pollutant can volatilize directly to the atmosphere from the surface layer but if the chemical is in the second or lower layer and the concentration in that layer is greater than the layer above it then the chemical will diffuse into the upper layer rather than volatilize directly into the atmosphere An option the user has in the volatilization algorithm is to turn off the calculation by use of an input index parameter for each layer For example if the index is set to 0 0 for each layer the pollutant would not be allowed to diffuse upward or volatilize to the atmosphere only downward movement of the pollutant with the soil moisture would occur Also if data are available this index parameter can be varied to calibrate calculations to the measurements 3 5 4 Sorption Adsorption Desorption And Cation Exchange SESOIL includes two partitioning processes for movement of pollutant from soil moisture or soil air to soil solids These are the sorption process and the cation exchange mechanism The sorption process may be defined as the adhesion of pollutant molecul
86. T uses a time increment of one month for the bar chart uses a time increment of one year for the bar chart Figure 66 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Select either option and press the ENTER key to proceed to the Bar Chart Title menu as shown in Fig 67 Here you are given several options to enhance your chart F1 HELP 22 Use UP DOWN keys to select paraweter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation MBS F3 LIST 73 BACK F29 MEXT PgUp PyDu PAGE nit Fi8 END Esc EXIT Figure 67 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Highlight the option labeled Title for your bar chart and entera title for the bar chart This title will appear above the bar chart pRO n at n nm n U Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 98 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Z Step 10 Step 11 2 Step 12 Highlight the option labeled Subtitle for your bar chart and en ter a subtitle for the bar chart This entry will appear under the title in smaller characters Highlight the X axis label option This label will appear below the X axis You should include
87. Un PAGE AIt F10 EMD Esz EXIT Figure 45 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 3 Repeat steps 2 21 in Section 4 5 1 to create and or edit your AP PLIC file Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 74 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Rs A PS LD AY MEE NEE 4 5 4 Additional Information Regarding The APPLICATION File Technical Note SESOIL the user may specify a soil compartment with 2 3 or 4 soil layers The RISKPRO system prompts the user for data only for the number of layers that are specified Technical Note The application area may be the area of a landfill a chemical spill or a field receiving a chemical application Technical Note latitude of the site is used in the calculation of potential solar radiation It should correspond with the latitude of the site used to provide the climate data If climate data are retrieved from the RISKPRO Climate Data Base its latitude will automatically be entered in the APPLIC file If however you access a user supplied APPLIC file be careful to input the correct latitude O Technical Note addition to specifying the thickness of each of the layers the user may specify up to ten sublayers of each layer used Sublayers will each be of equal thickness and will have the same properties as the layer in which they reside
88. Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP 2 P2 LIST 9 F O NEXT PgUp FgDn PAGE Alt F19 END Esc EXIT Figure 51 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 The next menu will prompt you to enter the number of years to create and the year of data to use to create the data see Fig 52 Enter a value for each field and press the ENTER key to ad vance to the next menu p H Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 81 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHI LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FI HELP 72205 2 115 Pi0 NEXT PgUp FgDn PAGE 1t F19 END Exc EXIT Figure 52 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step3 Your menu will tell you that you have created additional years of monthly washload data and will allow you to either edit the data create more years of data delete existing years of data or ad vance to the next menu Technical Note If only one year of data exists then year 1 must be used to generate the remaining years If more than one year exists you ma
89. W Langdale Transport of Agricultural Chemicais from Small Upland Piedmont Watersheds EPA 600 3 78 056 IAG No IAG D6 0381 Athens GA U S EPA and Watkinsville GA USDA 364 pp 1978 Sposito G Trace Metals in Contaminated Waters Environ Sci Technol Vol 15 396 403 1981 Toy T J A J Kuhaida Jr and B E Munson The Prediction of Mean Monthly Soil Temperatures from Mean Monthly Air Temperature Soil Sci 126 181 189 1978 Travis C C G A Holton E L Etnier C Cook F R O Donneil D M Hetrick and E Dixon Assessment of Inhalation and Ingested Population Exposures from Incinerated Hazardous Wastes Environment International 12 533 540 1986 Tucker W A C Huang and R E Dickinson Environmental Fate and Transport In Benzene in Florida Groundwater An Assessment of the Significance to Human Health American Petroleum Institute Washington D C 79 122 1986 Van den Honert T H Water Transport in Plants as a Catenary Process Discuss Faraday Soc 3 1948 Wagner J M Bonazountas and M Alsterberg Potential Fate of Buried Halogenated Solvents via SESOIL Arthur D Little Inc Cambridge Massachusetts 52 pp 1983 Walsh P J L W Barnthouse E E Calle A C Cooper E D Copenhaver E D Dixon C S Dudney G D Griffin D M Hetrick G A Holton T D Jones B D Murphy G W Suter C C Travis and M Uziel Health and Environmental Effects Document on Direct Coal
90. You may modify the data as desired O OPTION 3 labeled Advance to next data options menu wiil advance you to the next menu to create the CHEM file and is described in Section 4 4 TABLE 4 1 SOIL DATA FILE PARAMETERS Symbol Parameter Description SOIL NAME Soil Name 0 48 char RS Bulk Density g cm K1 Intrinsic Permeability cm Disconnectedness Index Effective Porosity oc Organic Carbon Content Cation Exchange Capacity meq 100g Freundlich Exponent Table 4 1 describes each soil parameter Further specific information for each input parameter is given in Section 4 3 3 4 3 1 Creating A New SOIL File Step1 use one of the generic soil files in the RISKPRO system first highlight option 1 as shown in Fig 16 and press the EN TER key This selection will advance the user to the next menu a cd Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 45 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO SOIL Data Options Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next nenu or operatian YE HELP 72 CMDS 71151 PO BACK 2i90 MEXI PAGE 411 719 END zc EXIT Figure 16 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 As shown in Fig 17 you can select soil data from a list of 14 O Side Note The parameter K1
91. a COMPUTER HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Requirements include an IBM PC or compatible with minimum available RAM of 355 K and minimum available disk space of 1 25 MB for the code and generated output from the sample case COMPUTER SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS The RM Fortran compiler Version 3 10 01 was used to create the executables included in package SESOIL was tested at RSIC using the included sample input files on a Northgate 486 66 running MS DOS 6 2 using RM FORTRAN V2 4 and the MS Linker This executable can be run as a DOS program from Windows 95 REFERENCES a Included in documentation D M Hetrick Instructions for Running Stand Alone SESOIL Code October 1993 D M Hetrick Background Information on February 1995 Modifications to SESOIL January 21 1994 D M Hetrick S J Scott with M J Barden The New SESOIL User s Guide PUBL SW 200 93 Revision 1 6 August 1994 b Background information M Bonazountas and J Wagner Draft SESOIL A Seasonal Soil Compartment Model Arthur D Little Inc Cambridge MA prepared for the U S Environmental Protection Agency Office of Toxic Substances 1981 1984 Available through National Technical Information Service publication PB86 112406 P S Eagleson Climate Soil and Vegetation Water Resources Research 14 5 705 776 1978 G R Foster L J Lane J D Nowlin J M Laflen and R A Young A Model to Estimate Sediment Yield from Field Sized Areas Dev
92. aphi 74 Create 3231 input Dataset Fros SESDIL Dutput Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight seiection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation PS HELP 72 065 S3 LEST 2 BACK 19 NEXT PgUp PAGE amp it Fid END Sec Figure 61 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 As shown in Fig 62 you are prompted to enter the name of the SESOIL results file SSOUTxxx RES which contains the data needed to create the graphics It has the same name as the re port file for the model run except with extension RES Press F3 to get a list of files in the catalog If you don t specify the RES extension it will be assumed The default name shown is the name of the graphics file from the latest SESOIL run Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 22 00035 PIOLISI 79 BACK 7 0 NEXT PgUb PgDn PRGE amp it F10 MD Esc EXIT Figure 62 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 95 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results Z Step3 As shown Fig 63 the SESO L Output Bar Chart Options menu offers you the following options
93. ata were described thoroughly earlier in this report see Section 4 they will not be discussed further here Following the data for the first year the monthly input parameters for the climate pollutant and washload are given for each year If the data for any of these categories i e climatic pollutant or washload are the same as the previous year they are not printed but a message is given stating for example CLIMATIC INPUT PARAMETERS ARE SAME AS LAST YEAR This is common when long term monthly averaged data are used See Appendix B for examples The user should check this section of the output report file carefully to ensure that the input data are correct or to see if there are other warning messages SESOIL checks to see if there are any obvious errors in the data and if there are error or warning messages will be printed to the user immediately before the section entitled GENERAL INPUT PARAMETERS For example the fraction of cloud cover must always be between 0 0 and 1 0 and an error message is printed if it is ee E EEES SS Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 88 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results not Also immediately after the input data are printed and just before the monthly hydrologic results are output i e before the section entitled
94. ault value is 0 23 el X Parameter Description the soil loss ratio unitless used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation It can be found in the depends on the cover and management of CREAMS the land its value typically ranges from documentation Knisel 0 0001 well managed to 0 94 tilled the 1980 Foster et al default value is 0 26 1980 l X Parameter Description PFACT the contouring factor for agricultural land This factor ranges from 0 1 extensive practices to 1 0 no supporting practice the default value is 1 0 X Parameter Description NFACT Manning s coefficient unitless for overland flow as used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation Its value typically ranges from 0 01 to 0 40 the default value is 0 03 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 80 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Step 2 The array values can be modified by using the arrow keys to edit the array element for each month and or the Tab Shift Tab to move to the right and left data fields When you are done editing the data press the ENTER key to accept your data RISKPRO will display a menu stating You now have 1 year s of Monthly Washload Data as shown in Fig 51 4 6 3 Creating Additional Years Of Data Step1 As shown in Fig 51 highlight option 2 labeled Create additional years of data and press the ENTER key
95. ayer D Average pollutant concentration distributions for each layer sublayer C Maximum pollutant depth Note that the final end of the year pollutant mass in the soil moisture adsorbed on soil in soil air immobilized by cation exchange complexed and in the pure phase would be found under the last month of the year September the monthly mass distribution table described in Section 5 1 2 At the end of this annual report the maximum depth that the pollutant reaches in meters is given labeled MAX POLL DEPTH M This depth will aiways be the same as printed for the last month of the year September just given see line labeled POL DEP CM Subsequent results given in the output file are as explained in Sections 5 1 2 and 5 1 3 above given for each year of the simulation aS Se a ce EE ee 5 2 Graphing SESOIL Output Report Files RISKPRO can create bar chart graphs of SESOIL model results The graphs may be created for Concentration vs Time for any depth of the soil profile or Pollutant Depth vs Time which plots the depth of the pollutant front vs time Step 1 Select option 3 labeled SESOIL Graphics SEGRAPH from the Seasonal Soil Compartment Model Menu and press the ENTER key See Figure 61 UON ES Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 94 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results 2 Raw SESOIL Modal 3 SESOIL Gr
96. bilized by cation exchange is given by from Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 24 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description MCEC aeCECe VAL 14 MCEC maximum pollutant cation exchanged by the soil ug g soil 10 0 units coefficient cation exchange capacity of the soil meq 1OO g of dry wt soil molecular weight of the pollutant cation g mol O Side Note The cation exchange valence of the cation algorithm has been verified to be computationally With clays the exchanged ion is often calcium and clay soils tend to have the correct in SESOIL but highest cation exchange capacity Note that the CEC value of a soil increases it has not been with increase in pH but pH is not included in the CEC algorithm in SESOIL The validated with measured dat CEC value must be adjusted manually to include effects due to pH In SESOIL cation exchange computed by Eq 14 is assumed to occur instantaneously and irreversibly Once maximum adsorption via exchange has been reached no additional adsorption will be calculated The process is also assumed to take precedence over all other soil processes in competition for the pollutant cation The use of the cation exchange subroutine is optional If it is used Eq 8 should not be used i e model inputs for K and K should be 0 0 unless the user has selected the model
97. brium with each other at all times see Diagram 2 and the partitioning is a function of user supplied chemical specific partition coefficients and rate constants Once the concentration in one phase is known the concentrations in the other phases can be calculated The pollutant cycle of SESOIL is based on the chemical concentration in the soil water That is ail the processes are written in terms of the pollutant concentration in soil water and the model iterates on the soil moisture concentration until the system defined by Eq 6 balances Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 16 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description aS Schematic of Chemical Phases in the Soil Matrix Volatilization Infiltration Soll Surface PI Middle Soil Layers LEGEND 2 lt gt Partitioning between soil air soil moisture amp soil solids DIAGRAM 2 ee E Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 17 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description The concentration in the soil air is calculated via the modified Henry s law cH Cea R T 273 7 pollutant concentration in soil air pg mL pollutant concentration in soil water pg mL Henry s law constant m atm mol gas constant 8 2 105 m atm mol K and soil temperature C The concentration adsorbed to the soil is calculated using the Freu
98. ceed to next mens or operation 7 HELP 72 CMDS 1 11 SS BACK 33 MEXT Pg n fgDw PAGE 24 719 END Exc EXIT Figure 53 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Enter the numbers of years of data you wish to delete see Fig 54 and press the ENTER key to return to the same menu selec tion see Fig 53 The last N years of existing data will be deleted Use UP DOWN keys to seiect parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation gUp PgB8n PAGE 5it P 9 END Zic EXIT 3 HELF F2CCMDS 731457 Fo BACK F12 NEXI Figure 54 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 4 6 5 Accessing A User Supplied WASH Data File Z Step 1 From the WASHLOAD Data Option menu highlight the option labeled Access a user supplied WASH data file and press the ENTER key as shown in Fig 55 M M D Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 83 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 2 CMBS POSLIST
99. ces 59 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO 4 4 4 Additional Information On The Chemical Data Parameters Side Note SESOIL requires a water solubility value for the chemical If the water solubility is unknown and migration X Parameter Description to groundwater is the concem then an estimate that is somewhat high should be used This will ensure that the estimates of chemical Parameter Description M CQ Side Note inan MWT is used only if the amp Parameter Description complexation or cation exchange algorithms are used amp Parameter Description Parameter Description Hore UNE URN DONDE E RENDERE 2228 C Side Note VAL is used only if amp Parameter Description the cation exchange algorithm is used X Parameter Description The following notes are provided to help you better understand each of the chemical parameters use in the SESOIL CHEM data files and are also available from the RISKPRO system menu help screens SL the solubility of the compound in water ug mL or mg L DA the diffusion coefficient in air cm s used to calculate volatilization If the chemical data is accessed from an AUTOEST data file then DA is estimated by the following relationship DA DA MWT IMWT 0 5 where DA is the known diffusion coefficient fora reference compound MWT is the molecular weight of the refere
100. change The calculated K is varied by the organic carbon content see OC2 OC4 above If K from the CHEM file is used the values can be varied with the ratios ADS2 ADS3 and or ADS4 Step 16 After entering your values or accepting the default values given by the RISKPRO system press the ENTER key to proceed to the next screen the Applic Data Pollutant Loading for Layer 1 Year 1 menu see Fig 40 C Side Note To move around in the pollutant loading menu the user should use the arrow keys to select the array element to edit and Tab Shift and Tab key to move to the right and left data fields Use arrow to select the array element to edit and Tab Shift lab to move to the right and left data fields Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FI HELP 2 T3 LIST 710 NEXI PgUg PgDn PAGE a1t F19 END Esc EXII Figure 40 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 17 As shown in Fig 40 this menu allows the user to enter an ar ray of data for given parameters for each month where ee O Side Note PADS POLIN See Section 3 5 2 fi X Parameter Description the monthly pollutant load mass an per unit area entering the top sublayer of REA ici the present soil zone ug cm month If an computed after POLIN is initial soil sorbed concentration is desired a loaded into a sublayer pollutant load
101. character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next nenu or operation 7i HELP FZ CMBS LIST 3 BACK 9 g n Fale PAGE Ait T10 END sc EXIT Figure 58 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step3 As shown in Fig 59 enter a label for the output report file which appears in the catalog manager it is used to identify your output files The same label will be applied to the report file OUT the results file RES and the AT123D linkage file ATX You may enter up to 20 characters SAR Sere SPESE Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT ta edit Use the BACK SPACE key ta delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FiIHELP 7220005 115 Fo BACK P19 HEXT PgUp gJUn PRGE nit r10 END Fso EXIT Figure 59 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step4 Next hit the down arrow key to highlight the option labeled En ter the number of years to be simulated 1 99 years Enter the number of years to be simulated for this model run Technical Note Remember the number of years simulated does not have to be equal to the number of years of data available in the input files When it is set higher than the number of years of available data for the CLIMATE APPLIC and WASH data files the last year of available data in each of these data files is
102. chemical concentrations in the soil on a daily basis e g see Patterson et al 1984 These models are data intensive requiring for example hourly rainfall input and daily maximum and minimum temperatures SESOIL on the other hand estimates pollutant distribution in the soil column and on the watershed after a season which can be defined by the user as a year or a month This is accomplished using a statistical water balance analysis and a washload routine statistically driven within the season This approach saves time for the model user by reducing the amount of data that must be provided and also reduces computer time and resource requirements since fewer computations are required a Side Note Two operation options are available for running SESOIL annual estimates The SESOIL model is n not data intensive Option A requiring annual climatic data and monthly estimates Option M requiring monthly data It is recommended that the monthly option always be selected as it will provide a better estimate of chemical movement through the soil RISKPRO simplifies the task of compiling monthly input data by extracting pertinent data from on line databases see the next section on building input data files using RISKPRO Thus the monthly option is no more difficult to use than the annual option Option A is not available in the RISKPRO system and this option will not be discussed further in this report with the exception of t
103. define as many as 40 smaller compartments using these sublayers The result is an increase in the resolution of the model EES 3 2 SESOIL Cycles Pollutant transport and transformation in the unsaturated soil zone are complex processes affected by chemical soil and hydrogeological properties In SESOIL these processes are included in one of three cycles the hydrologic cycle to deal with moisture movement or flow through the compartment the sediment or washload cycle to deal with runoff from the soil surface and the pollutant fate cycle SESOIL was developed by integrating three submodels one to deal with each cycle The specific processes associated with each cycle are accounted for in the submodels The cycles and their associated processes are summarized in Table 3 1 and Diagram 1 shows a schematic of the soil column The hydrologic cycle is done first in SESOIL followed by the sediment cycle and these results are used in the pollutant fate cycle The hydrologic cycle is based on a statistical dynamic formulation of a vertical water budget It has been adapted to account for either yearly or monthly simulations and for moisture variations in the soil The hydrologic cycle controls the sediment cycle which is a theoretical monthly washload routine The pollutant cycle simulates transport and transformation processes in three phases present in the soil compartment soil air or gaseous phase soil moisture phase and adsorbed or soil solids
104. e Modeling System GEMS User s Guide Prepared for USEPA OTS Contract No 68 02 3770 Laurel MD 1989 General Sciences Corporation RISKPRO User s Guide General Sciences Corporation Laurel Maryland 1990 Giesy J P Jr and J J Alberts Trace Metal Speciation The Interaction of Metals with Organic Constituents of Surface Waters In Proc of Workshop on The Effects of Trace Elements on Aquatic pO Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 119 The New SESOIL User s Guide References Ecosystems Raleigh North Carolina March 23 24 B J Ward editor 1982 published as Rept EPRI EA3329 Feb 1984 Grayman W M and P S Eagleson Streamflow Record Length for Modeling Catchment Dynamics MIT Report No 114 MIT Department of Civil Engineers Cambridge Massachusetts 1969 Hamaker J W Decomposition Quantitative Aspects In Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment Vol 1 C A I Goring and J W Hamaker editors Marcel Dekker New York New York 1972 Hetrick D M J T Holdeman and R J Luxmoore AGTEHM Documentation of Modifications to the Terrestrial Ecosystem Hydrology Model TEHM for Agricultural Applications ORNL TM 7856 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 119 pp 1982 Hetrick D M Simulation of the Hydrologic Cycle for Watersheds Paper presented at Ninth IASTED international Conference Energy Power and Environmental Systems San Francisco California 1984 He
105. e New SESOIL User s Guide Index a DN E CM YR Yr p MNT ROI UE tC the CLIMATE data file 35 the SOIL data file 44 the WASH file 75 Sesoil Output Report File of annual summary 94 of the model s input 88 of the model s monthly results 89 Soil Compartment definition 5 Soil Data File accessing a user supplied file 47 creating a file 44 parameters 49 50 WASH File accessing a user supplied data file 83 creating additional years of data 81 creating and using a default file 77 deleting an existing year of data 82 editing an existing year of data 80 parameters 78 80 81 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 125
106. e default values for K1 may not be appropriate for a given TABLE 4 4 soil or site Use with Default values of the disconnectedness index C Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 USDA Textural Soil Class Clay very fine Clay medium fine Clay fine Silty clay Silty clay loam Clay loam Loam Siit foam Silt Sandy clay Sandy clay loam Sandy loam Loamy sand Sand a Ss Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 51 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO O Side Note Although the values of N in Table 4 5 for clay type soils seem high Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 found the values to be appropriate in their experience in using the SESOIL model The authors concur with this experience however values of N in Table 4 5 should be used with care Table 4 5 Default values of the effective porosity Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 USDA Textural Soil Class Clay very fine Clay medium fine Clay fine Silty clay Silty clay loam Clay foam Loam Silt foam Silt Sandy clay Sandy clay loam Sandy foam Loamy sand Sand Technical Note Values for bulk density soil disconnectedness and effective porosity are specified for the entire soil column The intrinsic permeability can be specified for each layer in the APPLIC file discussed below to do this K1 in the soil file must be set to 0 0 Also values for orga
107. e recognized that estimates of rainfall for each storm may be quite different than the actual values Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 14 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description Additional data needed for the sediment cycle include the washload area the fraction of sand silt and clay in the soil the average slope and slope length of the representative overland flow profile the soil erodibility factor the soil loss ratio the contouring factor and Manning s n coefficient for soil cover and surface roughness Example values for these parameters can be found in the CREAMS documentation Knisel 1980 Foster et al 1980 Note that the washload area should be less than or equal to the pollutant application area EROS takes the information generated by both the PARAM and STORM subroutines and computes estimates of the sediment yield for each month information from the sediment cycle along with information from the hydrologic cycle is then provided to the pollutant fate cycle which will be discussed in the next subsection The coupled SESOIL EROS model was evaluated by comparing predictions to published measured data Hetrick and Travis 1988 Two cornfield watersheds and one grassland watershed were included in the study The sites differed in their management practices soil type ground cover and meteorology The model predictions were in fair to good agreement with observed data from the
108. e tenth IASTED International Symposium Applied Simulation and Modeling San Francisco California pp 155 157 1984 Hetrick D M R J Luxmoore and M L Tharp Latin hypercube sampling with the SESOIL model Eighth Annual Conference Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Analysis Fate Environmental amp Public Health Effects Remediation and Regulatory Issues Amherst Massachusetts 01003 September 19 23 1993 Hetrick D M S J Scott and M J Barden The New SESOIL User s Guide PUBL SW 200 93 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison WI 53707 125 pp 1993 Summers K S Gherini and C Chen Methodology to evaluate the potential for groundwater contamination from geothermal fluid release EPA 600 7 80 117 as modified by EPA Region IV 1980 ouor oz The New SESOIL User s Guide David M Hetrick otephen J Scott with Michael J Barden 22 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Emergency amp Remedial Response Section Bureau of Solid amp Hazardous Waste Management 101 South Webster Street Maden Niet PUBL SW 200 94 Rev The New SESOIL User s Guide Revision 1 6 August 1 1994 Prepared by Stephen J Scott President Environmental Graphics Inc N18W27620 Lakefield Drive Pewaukee WI 53072 414 691 7413 amp David M Hetrick SESOIL Consultant 8417 Mecklenburg CT Knoxville TN 37923 615 576 7556 Designed for Carol McCurry Project Manager amp Michael J
109. e the RISKPRO default climate data are long term average values The SEBUILD menu allows the user to review and if necessary modify data to fit their specific scenario M 4 1 Getting to the SESOIL Menu 4 Step1 RISKPRO at the DOS prompt and Figure 1 will appear Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FL HELP 72 CHDS F3 LIST FS BACK Fi MEXT Pglip Fg Dn PAGE Alt 719 END Ecc EXIT Figure 1 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 As shown in Fig 1 choose the option 2 labeled Environmental Modeling from the main selection menu and press the ENTER key i Step3 Choose option 3 labeled Seasonal Soil Compartment Model as shown in Fig 2 and press the ENTER key You will find your self at the Seasonal Soil Compartment Model Menu as shown in Fig 3 The SEBUILD program option builds 5 input files CLI MATE SOIL CHEM APPLIC and WASH The WASH file is op tional and needs to be created only if the washload simulation is to be performed An additional input file EXEC file which con tains SESOIL control parameters is automatically created within the RISKPRO system by the SERUN program and therefore you _ Wisc
110. each month of the year dimensioniess fraction ranging from 0 0 to 1 0 used to calculate evapotranspiration rates If the actual monthly evapotranspiration rates are known i e non zero values entered for REP then A is not used amp Parameter Description REP an array of the monthly mean Step7 Step 8 evapotranspiration rate cm day for each month of the year If zero is entered SESOIL calculates evapotranspiration from NN S and A If a non zero positive value is entered for REP then it is used as the evapotranspiration rate and TA NN S and A are ignored for the evapotranspiration calculations Next use your arrow keys to move up and down and Tab Shift Tab to move to the right and left to edit any array element Remember to use your page down key to view and or edit the months of August and September Press the ENTER key to proceed to the next menu or operation As shown in Fig 11 the next menu selection is a continuation of the CLIMATE data file and includes the parameters MPM MTR MN and MT discussed below Again use your arrow keys to move up and down and Tab Shift Tab to move to the right and left to edit any array element Remember also to use your page down key to view or edit the months of August and Sep tember Press the ENTER key to proceed to the next menu Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 40 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RI
111. ed in the cation exchange and complexation options The molecular weight and valence of the pollutant are used in cation exchange calculations Complexation estimation requires the pollutant s molecular weight the molecular weight of the ligand participating in the complex the moles of ligand per mole of pollutant in the complex and the stability constant of the pollutant ligand complex Technical Note Cation exchange and complexation are primarily used for metals and values for the parameters can be set to zero for most other applications E M A Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 61 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO PE 4 5 Creating The APPLIC File The fourth file created in this process holds the information describing the specifics of the chemical release or application to the soil column This information includes the dimensions of the soil column the definition of soil layers e g depths and several additional soil properties beyond those specified in the Soil e g pH Vertical variation of soil properties for nonuniform soils consisting of 2 3 or 4 layers may also be described in this file This variation is represented by assuming that the information supplied in the SOIL and CHEM files apply to the uppermost layer There are sev
112. ed phases Jury et al 1984 p C C c c Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 20 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description Jw tc TCU 11 R T 273 SESOIL calculates the flux J for each layer using the infiltration rate and groundwater runoff recharge rate computed by the hydrologic cycle and the depths and permeabilities input by the user Note that a different permeability can be input for each of the four major soil layers While the hydrologic cycle will use the weighted mean average of layer permeabilities according to Eq 3 the pollutant cycle does take into account the separate permeability for each layer in computing J at the layer boundaries according to the following equation d K Jwz 6 1 O C 12 where Jw infiltration rate at depth z which will be the boundary between two major layers cm s groundwater runoff recharge cm s infiltration at surface cm s depth of soil column below depth z cm depth of soil column from surface to groundwater table cm intrinsic permeability defined by Ea 5 cm and the vertically averaged permeability for layer cm ie computed using 3 except d in the numerator of Eq 5 is the sum of the layer depths above depth z and the summation in the denominator is from layer 1 to layer i el Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 21 The New SESOIL User s Guide
113. ed to SESOIL by Hetrick et al 1989 The discussion in the subsections that follow introduces the user to major algorithms and processes simulated in the pollutant cycle of SESOIL 3 5 2 The Pollutant Depth Algorithm The pollutant cycle in SESOIL is based on the pollutant concentration in soil moisture In theory a non reactive dissolved pollutant originating in any unsaturated soil layer will travel to another soil layer or to the groundwater at the same speed as the moisture mass originating in the same soil layer The movement of a reactive pollutant however will be retarded in relation to the movement of the bulk moisture mass due to vapor phase partitioning and the adsorption of the pollutant on the soil particles If it is assumed that no adsorption occurs and the vapor phase is negligible the pollutant will move at the same rate as water through the soil Originally only the advective velocity was used in SESOIL to determine the depth the pollutant reached during a time step The depth D was calculated as 10 water velocity cm s advection time 6 and soil water content 2 This approach allows all chemicals to reach the groundwater at the same time irrespective of their chemical sorption characteristics To account for retardation SESOIL now uses the following equation to calculate the depth reached by a chemical with a linear equilibrium partitioning between its vapor liquid and adsorb
114. elopment of Model Purdue Journal No 7781 1980 CONTENTS OF CODE PACKAGE The referenced documents in 10a and 1 DS HD 1 44 MB diskette are included The diskette written in DOS format contains the SESOIL source code sample input and output data and the author s executable DATE OF ABSTRACT August 1994 February 1995 September 1995 July 1996 KEYWORDS HYDRODYNAMICS MICROCOMPUTER iv q Instructions for running stand alone SESOIL code version October 1993 The source code for the new SESOIL program is named SESOIL NEW and is provided on the accompanying diskette The executable is named SESOIL EXE Six data files are required to run the stand alone version of SESOIL washload climate soil chemical application and executive data files In the example provided these files named WASHWLINP CLIMWLINP SOILWLINP CHEMWLINP APPLWI INP EXECWL INP these files describe application in the state of Wisconsin All data in these files are in fixed format That is if new files are created that obtain other site specific data the new data must be in the same columns that contain the data in these example files It is suggested that the user copy the existing files to new file names and edit the new files with user supplied editor to replace old data with new data being careful to always keep the data in the same columns as before The parameters in the files are described in detail in t
115. ent of Natural Resources page 48 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Use UP DOUN keys to select parameter HIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key ta delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP 2 CMDS FS LIST 79 BACK 519 NEXT Palip PqOn PAGE 511 915 END 2sc EXIT Figure 21 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step3 Repeat steps 3 5 as described in Section 4 3 1 to complete building your data file and to proceed to the CHEM data menu 4 3 3 Additional Information On The SOIL Data Parameters The following parameter descriptions and tables are provided as a guideline for each of the soil parameters used in SESOIL The parameter definitions are also available from the RISKPRO system menu help screens More details on these parameters are provided in Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 Side Note Intrinsic permeability so R Parameter Description RS the average dry soil bulk density disconnectedness index g cm for the entire soil profile See table and effective porosity 4 2 for typical values have been found to be S DE parametersin Parameter Description 1 the average soil intrinsic permeability itis recommended these cm for the entire soil profile If K1 is 0 values be varied to then the layer specific intrinsic calibrate results to field permeabilities
116. eral measures of pollutant transport were compared including the location of chemical peak vs time the time dependent amount of pollutant leached to groundwater the depth distribution of the pollutant at various times the mass of the chemical degraded and the amount of pollutant in surface runoff This study showed that SESOIL predictions were in good agreement with observed data for both the laboratory study and the field studies SESOIL does a good job of predicting the leading edge of the chemical profile Hetrick et al 1989 due mainly to the improvement of the pollutant depth algorithm to include the chemicai sorption characteristics see Section 3 5 2 above Also when a split sample calibration validation procedure was used on 3 years of data from the single field watershed SESOIL did a good job of predicting the amount of chemical in the runoff The model was less effective in predicting actual concentration profiles the simulated concentrations near the soil surface underestimated the measurements in most cases One explanation is that SESOIL does not consider the potential upward movement of the chemical with the upward movement of water due to soil evaporation losses SESOIL is a useful screening level chemical migration and fate model The model is relatively easy to use the input data are straightforward to compile and most of the model parameters can be readily estimated or obtained Sensitivity analysis studies with SESOIL ca
117. eral options available for obtaining or entering the required data Thefirst option allows you to access general APPLIC default data see Section 4 5 1 second option allows you to access default data for a generic municipal landfill You may edit the defauit values to create your desired APPLIC data see Section 4 5 2 C The third option accesses a previously created APPLIC file You may use the data as they are or you may edit the data see Section 4 5 3 O final option will advance you to the next menu This option serves as an exit from building the APPLIC data file For any of these options the user can tailor the data for a particular scenario Several years of data may be entered into the soil column or the user may provide one year of data and specify that this year of data is to be used for all remaining years of the simulation Table 4 7 shows general information required for the application site Table 4 7 General Application Data SYMBOL PARAMETER DESCRIPTION HEADER Applic Area Name 0 48 char Number of Soil Layers Application Area cm Latitude of Site deg N ISPILL Spill index 0 or 1 ep a ac e a a a P Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 62 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO 4 5 1 Entering Application Data General Data Step 1 Choose the first option as shown in Fig 33 and press the EN TER key to
118. es or ions to the surface of soil solids Most sorption processes are reversible adsorption describing the movement of pollutant onto soil solids and desorption being the partitioning of the chemical from solid into the liquid or gas phase Lyman et al 1982 Adsorption and desorption are usually assumed to be occurring in equilibrium and are therefore modeled as a single process Bonazountas et al 1984 Adsorption is assumed to occur rapidly relative to the migration of the pollutant in soil moisture it can drastically retard pollutant migration through the soil column n M X M mal Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 23 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description SESOIL employs the general Freundlich equation see Eq 8 above to model soil sorption processes The equation correlates adsorbed concentration with the dissolved concentration of the pollutant by means of an adsorption coefficient and the Freundlich parameter This equation has been found to most nearly approximate the adsorption of many pollutants especially organic chemicals and a large amount of data have been generated and are available in the literature see Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 Fairbridge and Finke 1979 Lyman et al 1982 For most organic chemicals adsorption occurs mainly on the organic carbon particles within the soil Lyman et al 1982 The organic carbon partition coefficient
119. ess The of layers given in the application data file must be either 2 3 or 4 Input for latitude is incorrect in ANNUAL data file length of season must be 365 days or less For monthly simulation length of season must be less than 31 see CLIMATE file The of sublayers in layer 1 in the APPLICATION file must be at least 0 and less than or equal to 10 The of sublayers in layer 2 in the APPLICATION file must be at least 0 and less than or equal to 10 The of sublayers in layer 3 in the APPLICATION file must be at least 0 and less than or equal to 10 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 115 The New Sesoil Users Guide Appendix C KEY WORDS NSUBLL of sublayers in lowest layer ERROR OR WARNING FATAL ERROR SOIL ORGANIC CARBON EXPLANATION The of sublayers in lowest layer in the APPLICATION file must be at least 0 and less than or equal to 10 Organic Input for organic Carbon CONTENT OC MUST BE LESS THAN 100 carbon content is IS in error in the SOIL input file Permeability WARNING SOIL PERMEABILITY VARYS Hydrology cycle in CONSIDERABLY AMONG LAYERS SESOIL MAY SESOIL assumes an NOT BE ACCURATE FOR SUCH AN homogeneous soil INHOMOGENEOUS COLUMN column it will calculate an average of the permeabilities given in the APPLICATION file Permeability WARNING SOIL PERMEABILITY K1 IS Check permeability USUALLY ON
120. etical order followed by the error or warning that is printed by the code the explanation is given for each nn gN AA Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 113 The New Sesoil Users Guide Appendix C KEY WORDS Clay Content Cloud Cover annual Cloud Cover monthly Humidity Annual Humidity monthly Hydrology cycle Hydrology cycle Hydrology cycle Hydrology cycle ERROR OR WARNING FATAL ERROR CLAY CONTENT CLY MUST BE BETWEEN 0 AND 1 IS FATAL ERROR CLOUD COVER NN MUST BE BETWEEN 0 AND 1 15 FATAL ERROR CLOUD COVER NN MUST BE BETWEEN 0 AND 1 FATAL ERROR HUMIDITY S MUST BE BETWEEN 0 AND 1 15 2222 FATAL ERROR HUMIDITY S MUST BE BETWEEN 0 AND 1 IS 2222 WARNING PROBLEM IN HYDRO CYCLE BETA DELTA GREATER THAN 1 RAINFALL MAY NOT FOLLOW POISSON DISTRIBUTION SEE WRR P 716 EQ 47 WARNING PROBLEM IN HYDRO CYCLE BETA GREATER THAN 0 5 RAINFALL MAY NOT FOLLOW POISSON DISTRIBUTION WARNING PROBLEM IN HYDRO CYCLE MN LESS THAN 1 RAINFALL MAY NOT FOLLOW POISSON DISTRIBUTION SEE WRR P 757 EQ 27 WARNING PROBLEM IN HYDRO CYCLE TIME BETWEEN STORMS LESS THAN 2 HRS RAINFALL MAY NOT FOLLOW POISSON DISTRIBUTION SEE WRR P 715 EQ 39 EXPLANATION Input for CLY in washload input file is in error Cloud cover shou
121. file multiplied by 400 to give ADSORBED Pollutant concentration in the soil i adsorbed phase in g g SOIL AIR Pollutant concentration in the soil air phase in ug mL FREE LIGAND Free ligand concentration in ug mL PURE PHASE Pollutant concentration in the pure phase in ng ml At the end of this table the pollutant depth in cm is printed labeled POL DEP CM This depth is calculated from Eq 11 from Section 3 5 2 and is simply the depth of the leading edge of the pollutant When the pollutant reaches the groundwater this depth will always be equal to the depth from the surface to the groundwater table 5 1 3 Output Of Annual Summary After the table of concentrations and the pollutant depth for each month are printed an annual summary report is given see Appendix B Definitions in this report are the same as listed above for monthly results but either a TOTAL or an AVERAGE is given for each parameter TOTAL is simply the sum of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 93 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results values given for the 12 months for the parameter listed and AVERAGE is the sum for the year divided by 12 The annual summary is organized in the following order Total pollutant mass inputs O Hydrologic cycle components average or total D Total pollutant mass removed from each layer subl
122. for your bar chart and enter a title for the bar chart This title will appear above the bar chart Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 100 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results CR A SA SE STE SO TTT Step5 Highlight the option labeled Subtitle for your bar chart and en ter a subtitle for the bar chart This entry will appear under the title in smaller characters Step6 Highlight the X axis label option This label will appear below the X axis You should include the units Z Step7 Highlight and enter the Y axis label option This label will ap pear below the Y axis You should include the units Step8 Highlight the option labeled Foot note to be drawn A foot note for the bar chart can be entered This is optional and may be left blank Z Step9 For the final option enter a descriptive label for the bar chart and press the ENTER key This entry is required for cataloging the output file and willbe displayed by the RISKPRO Catalog Manager for identification purposes Step 10 At this point you should see a graph created by the RISKPRO system Press the ENTER key to return to the Seasonal Soil Compartment Model Menu shown in Fig 61 NESEMNMMIMMMEEUANSEMMMNINEBISSEIEMM MM Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 101 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix A APPENDIX Data Input Examples An Example Of A Climate Data Fi
123. gand per Mole Compound Molec Wt of Ligand g mol page 53 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO 4 4 1 Entering Chemical Data Manually Step 1 Choose the first option as shown in Fig 22 and press the EN TER key to advance to the Chemical Data menu Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FSIHELP F2 CMBS FS LIST FO BACK 19 NEXT PytipePgDn PAGE nit F19 EMD gsc EXIT Figure 22 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 7 copyright 1991 Step2 As shown in Fig 23 enter a descriptive label for the CHEMICAL data file up to 20 characters This label will appear in the file catalog manager and is used to identify the input CHEMICAL file Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next nenu or operation F2 HELP 2 CMDS H LIST BACK PiD NEXT Pglip PgDn PAGE Sit F10 END Figure 23 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 f copyright 1991 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 54 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO U Side Note Values entered in this file for KOC K KDEL and KDES are assumed to be for the fi
124. ge 108 The New SESOIL User s Guide AS Sete ES ER NE INT A gh A i I I OT LTO OIE TEE LOE LE TEE LE LEER LESTE TT TOD ER ND TES POL INP 2 UG CM 2 TRNSFORMD 2 UG CM 2 SINKS 2 UG CM 2 LIG INPUT 2 UG CM 2 VOLATILIZATION MULT 2 POL INP 3 UG CM 2 TRNSFORMD 3 UG CM 2 SINKS 3 UG CM 2 LIG INPUT 3 UG CM 2 VOLATILIZATION MULT 3 POL INP L UG CM 2 TRNSFORMD L UG CM 2 SINKS L UG CM 2 LIG INPUT L UG CM 2 VOLATILIZATION MULT L POL INP 1 UG CM 2 TRNSFORMD 1 UG CM 2 SINKS 1 UG CM 2 LIG INPUT i UG CM 2 VOLATILIZATION MULT 1 SURFACE RUNOFF MULT POL IN RAIN FRAC SL POL INP 2 UG CM 2 TRNSFORMD 2 UG CM 2 SINKS 2 UG CM 2 LIG INPUT 2 UG CM 2 VOLATILIZATION MULT 2 POL INP 3 UG CM 2 TRNSFORMD 3 UG CM 2 SINKS 3 UG CM 2 LIG INPUT 3 UG CM 2 VOLATILIZATION MULT 3 POL INP L UG CM 2 TRNSFORMD L UG CM 2 SINKS L UG CM 2 LIG INPUT L UG CM 2 VOLATILIZATION MULT L 1 70E 04 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 005 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 005 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00
125. he hydrologic cycle which implements the annual algorithm as described below The annual option has not been changed from the original model and those users interested in the annual option are referred to the report by Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 The processes modeled by SESOIL are categorized into three cycles hydrology sediment and pollutant transport Each cycle is a separate sub model within the SESOIL code Most mathematical environmental simulation models may be categorized as stochastic or deterministic models Both the stochastic and deterministic models are theoretically derived Stochastic models incorporate the p H C C s Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 4 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description a O Side Note Two to four layers and up to 40 sublayers 10 in each layer can be specified concept of probability or some other measure of uncertainty while deterministic models describe the system in terms of cause effect relationships SESOIL employs a stochastic approach for the hydrologic and washload cycles and a deterministic approach for the pollutant transport cycle puce Rec m C c CU p cip ii M L 3 1 The Soil Compartment In SESOIL the soil compartment or column is a cell extending from the surface through the unsaturated zone to the upper level of the saturated soil zone also referred to as the aquifer or grou
126. he first month This mass is divided by the number of time steps per month 30 and added to the second layer in equal amounts for each time step throughout the month s S A e n A n H n sn Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 104 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix A Example Of An Application Data File continued APPLICATION INPUT DATA FILE 1 DEFAULT APPLIC DATA ILYS IYRS AR L ISPILL 4 00 D1 D2 D3 D4 NSUBL1 to NSUBL4 200 00 PH1 PH2 PH3 PH4 7 00 K11 K12 K13 K14 0 00 KDEL MULTIPLIERS 1 00 KDES MULTIPLIERS 1 00 OC MULTIPLIERS 1 00 CEC MULTIPLIERS 1 00 FRN MULTIPLIERS 1 00 ADS MULTIPLIERS 1 00 00100000 42 00 400 00 15 00 00 7 00 00 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 N e PRPRPRPPRONOR LAYER 1 POLIN1 00 00 0 00 TRANS1 00 00 0 00 SINK1 00 00 E 0 00 LIG1 00 00 0 00 VOLF1 00 00 1 00 ISRM 2 5 2 0 00 ASL 0 00 POLIN2 0 00 TRANS2 i 0 00 SINK2 0 00 LIG2 0 0 00 VOLF2 5 1 00 kk POLIN3 0 00 TRANS3 0 00 SINK3 E 0 00 LIG3 0 00 VOLF3 1 00 POLIN4 s 0 00 TRANS4 E 0 00 SINK4 a 0 00 LIG4 0 00 VOLF4 d
127. he model run The other computer capabilities from this menu are SEATLINK and SEGRAPH SEATLINK allows users to create input datasets for the groundwater model AT123D Yeh 1981 from the SESOIL output These datasets include estimates of pollutant reaching the groundwater The SEGRAPH program allows users to create graphs of model results by plotting one or more SESOIL output variables and will be discussed in Chapter 5 The input data for the SESOIL model describe the physical or chemical characteristics of the model scenario These input parameters can be determined or obtained independently either from lab analyses field investigations handbooks or computer data bases The RISKPRO system has automatic access to several datasets containing chemical climate and soil information SESOIL can execute various options depending on the available data and the objectives of the user s study SESOIL will operate with data found or calculated in the RISKPRO chemical estimation program other computer data bases and or handbooks Upon entering all information for the SEBUILD screens the SEBUILD program stores the data into six output files which are later read by the SESOIL model Each of these files CLIMATE SOIL CHEM APPLIC WASH and EXEC are discussed below The input data files are created sequentially by the SEBUILD program in general for the creation of each file in RISKPRO the SEBUILD program prompts the user to select the appro
128. he new SESOIL user s manual Hetrick and Scott 1993 with the exception of new parameters needed for two additional options added to the model SAIC 1994 and the parameters in the executive data EXECWLINP Data for the two new options are in the application data file APPLWI INP and are controlled by two switches named ISUMRS and ICONC see line 2 of APPLWLINP These switches have the following definitions note that the new SESOIL user s manual contains an example that does not include these new options ISUMRS switch to determine if Summers model Summers Gherini and Chen 1980 is used to compute contaminant concentration in the saturated zone below the unsaturated column of SESOIL 1 for YES 0 for NO ICONC switch to determine if initial concentrations for each sublayer are input to SESOIL 1 for YES 0 for NO If ISUMRS 1 the following parameters are needed in the application data file see APPLWL INP SATCON saturated hydraulic conductivity cm d HYDGRA hydraulic gradient THICKS thickness of saturated zone cm WIDTH width of contaminated zone perpendicular to the groundwater flow cm and background concentration of the contaminant in the aquifer ug ml Note that if ISUMRS 0 then the two lines containing these Summers parameters would not appear in the application data file see APPLWI INP If ICONC 1 the following parameters are needed in the application data file
129. id hydrolysis rate constant 1 day X Parameter Description KDEL the biodegradation rate of the compound in the liquid phase 1 day amp Parameter Description KDES the biodegradation rate of the compound in the solid phase 1 day amp Parameter Description the stability dissociation constant of the compound ligand complex Zero should be entered if a ligand compound is not used amp Parameter Description B the number of moles of ligand per mole of compound complexed Zero should be entered if a ligand compound is not used X Parameter Description MWTLIG the molecular weight of the ligand g mole Zero should be entered if a ligand compound is not used Technical Note Adsorption in SESOIL can be represented either by the overall partitioning coefficient K which is often labeled Kd in the literature or by the organic carbon water partitioning coefficient KOC If a value for the overall adsorption coefficient is unknown this parameter value should be entered as zero In this case SESOIL uses the product of KOC and the organic carbon fraction to produce an estimated value for K If the user enters a measured value for K the program will not perform the estimation Values entered here for K and KOC are entered for the first soil layer and layer specified ratios are provided in the APPLIC file Q Technical Note Additional processes for handling the binding of pollutant to soil constituents are includ
130. ight carboxylic acids which are commonly found in landfill leachate Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 itis the responsibility of the user to determine whether this process is likely to occur in the scenario being modeled and to supply the appropriate information The complexation subroutine employs a nonlinear equation which must be solved numerically It uses the same iterative procedure as the general pollutant cycle for monthly simulations Required data include the stability or dissociation constant for the specific complex and the mole ratio of ligand to metal Also required are the molecular weights of the pollutant metal and the organic ligand Equations used by this subroutine are based on the work of Giesy and Alberts 1984 Brinkman and Bellama 1978 and Sposito 1981 The model does not consider competition with metal ions in the soil which may have higher affinity for the ligand Note that if the user chooses to model both cation exchange and metal complexation the cation exchange process is assumed to occur first ions involved in cation exchange are then unavailable for complexation The general adsorption processes are modeled as being competitive with the complexation process Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 pPrr M M EP SS EE ET Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 28 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description 3 5 7 Pollutant In Surface Runoff
131. index for the soil data corresponds to the number on the first line of data for the particular soil type at the site see the soil data file SOILWI INP CHEM the index for the chemical data corresponds to the number on the first line of data for the particular chemical of interest see the chemical data file CHEMWI INP WASH the index for the washload data corresponds to the number on the first line of data for the washload parameters at the site see the washload data file WASHWLINP Set WASH to 0 if the washload is to be ignored APPL the index for the application area corresponds to the number on the first line of data for the site application parameters see the application data file APPLWI INP YRS number of years to be simulated for the run Multiple runs are specified with multiple run line entries in the executive data file The last line contains 999 to indicate the end ofthe file To run the stand alone SESOIL code on an IBM compatible PC using the example data files included in this package simply use the batch file SESOILWI BAT By typing SESOILWI and the enter key SESOIL will run using the data in files WASHWLINP CLIMWLINP SOILWLINP CHEMWLINP APPLWLI INP and EXECWLINP The results file from a run will always be named FORT21 the user should rename this file between runs To use new data in different file names simply copy the batch file SESOILWI BAT to a new name with the BAT extension edit the batch file t
132. ion On The CLIMATE Data File Technical Note Model calculations determine the amount of precipitation which will enter the soil column infiltration and the amount which will become surface runoff Water entering the soil column may either return to the atmosphere by the process of evapotranspiration and or migrate to the groundwater Properties stored in the CLIMATE file are used by the model to simulate these processes Air temperature cloud cover humidity and albedo are automatically used to estimate evapotranspiration REP if a value for this parameter is not provided If a value for REP is provided the model will use that value and will not compute the estimate Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 44 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO 4 3 Building the SOIL Data File The next sequence of prompts and menus are for the creation of the SOIL file This file is built by SEBUILD and contains information describing the properties of the soil profile As shown in Fig 16 there are three options from the main SOIL menu OPTION 1 labeled Select from a set of generic soils allows you to access soil data from a list of 14 generic soils and is discussed in Section 4 3 1 You may review and modify the data as desired O OPTION 2 labeled Access user supplied SOIL file allows you to access a previously created SOIL data file and is discussed in Section 4 3 2
133. ion of the annual routine both are discussed further below 3 3 1 Annual Cycle The annual water balance routine is based on Eagleson s 1978 theory It encompasses one year so multiple years have to be simulated as separate cycles This routine simply determines the soil moisture content based on solution to equations 1 and 2 using annual climatic parameters When the value for soil moisture content is arrived at through the iteration technique the various processes described in equations 1 and 2 are known Note that storage effects in the soil are not considered in the annual option The theoretical basis for the annual dynamic hydrologic cycle used in SESOIL has been validated by Eagleson 1978 Annual model predictions were compared with empirical observations for five years of precipitation data at both a subhumid and arid climate location with close agreement 3 3 2 Monthly Cycle The monthly water balance routine is based on the same theory as the annual routine with modifications made to the details of moisture transfer from month to month handling of moisture storage and the radiation effects The initial value for soil moisture content is calculated in SESOIL by summing the appropriate monthly climatic input data for the first year to obtain annual values and using the annual cycle algorithm Then for each month the monthly input values for precipitation mean storm number and mean length of the rain season are
134. ion to the groundwater is assumed to be steady throughout each time step of simulation at a rate determined by the long term average soil moisture content Capillary rise from the water table is assumed to be steady throughout the time period and to take place to a dry surface The work of Penman 1963 Van den Honert 1948 and Cowan 1965 is employed in calculating evapotranspiration Eagleson 1978 Surface runoff is derived from the distribution of rainfall intensity and duration and by use of the Philip infiltration equation The effects of moisture storage are included in the monthly option in SESOIL based on the work of Metzger and Eagleson 1980 Eagleson s theory assumes a one dimensional vertical analysis in which all processes are stationary in the long term average The expression long term applies to both annual and monthly simulations in SESOIL and is used in contrast to short term models which employ a storm by storm resolution Also Eagleson s approach assumes that the soils are homogeneous and that the soil column is semi infinite in relation to the surface processes Thus in the hydrologic cycle of SESOIL the entire unsaturated soil zone is conceptualized as a single layer or compartment and the prediction for soil water content is an average value for the entire unsaturated zone While the user can provide different permeability values as input for each of the four major soil layers for the pollutant cycle in SESOIL
135. is usually a significant loss mechanism in soil systems since soil environments have a diverse microbial population and a large variety of food sources and habitats Hamaker 1972 Many environmental factors affect the rate of biodegradation in soil including pH moisture content of the soil temperature redox potential availability of nutrients oxygen content of the soil air concentration of the chemical presence of appropriate microorganisms and presence of other compounds that may be preferred substrates However SESOIL doesn t consider these factors Biodegradation in SESOIL is handled as primary degradation which is defined as any structural transformation in the parent compound which results in a change in the chemical s identity It is estimated using the chemical s rate of decay in both the dissolved and adsorbed phases according to the first order rate equation 4 15 decayed pollutant mass during time step At biodegradation rate of the compound in the liquid phase day biodegradation rate of the compound in the solid phase day area of pollutant application depth of the soil sublayer cm time step day and c e and p are ae defined for Eqs 6 and 9 Note that c 0 and s are functions of time in the SESOIL model The use of a first order rate equation is typical for fate and transport models and generally is an adequa
136. l depths and pollutant loss from the unsaturated zone in terms of surface runoff percolation to the groundwater volatilization and degradation The version of SESOIL in RSIC s collection runs stand alone and is functionally equivalent to the version in the RISKPRO system distributed and supported by General Sciences Corporation The February 1995 release corrected an error that caused the code to fail when average monthly air temperature was 10C and includes an improved iteration procedure for the mass balance equations in the model In June 1996 a minor change was made to the Fortran source file to correct erroneous values which were sometimes written to the printed output for the user specified pollutant mass input table METHOD OF SOLUTION The processes modeled by SESOIL are categorized into three cycles hydrology sediment and pollutant transport Each cycle is a separate sub model within the SESOIL code The hydrologic cycle is one dimensional considers vertical movement only and focuses on the role of soil moisture in the soil compartment The hydrologic cycle is an adaptation of the water balance dynamics theory of Eagleson 1978 and can be described as a dimensionless analytical representation of water balance in the soil column An iteration technique is used to solve the mass balance equations in the hydrologic cycle The sediment cycle is optional it can be turned on or off by the user If used SESOIL employs the theoretical sedime
137. lation and the monthly results from the model and 2 an output data set that contains selected results from SESOIL that can be used by the RISKPRO graphing program The SESOIL report file is explained in Section 5 1 and Section 5 2 describes the graphing capabilities While reading Section 5 1 refer to Appendix B which contains a report file that resulted from using the example data shown in Appendix A poene a en AT 5 1 The SESOIL Output Report File The SESOIL report file contains the model input and monthly results from the hydrologic cycle washload cycle if used and pollutant cycle An annual summary report is also printed for each year As can be seen in Appendix B this file can be quite lengthy For example a ten year simulation that includes all four layers with three sublayers per layer will produce an output report file that requires approximately 250000 bytes of storage on an IBM or compatible personal computer Thus multiple runs could require significant disk space 5 1 1 Output Of The Model s Input The first section of the file contains a summary of the site followed by a list of the input used by the model The input is subdivided into soil chemical washload if used and application data The next table labeled YEAR 1 MONTHLY INPUT PARAMETERS reports the monthly climatic data the pollutant input parameters for each month and the monthly washload factors if used for the first year Since all the input d
138. layer of up to four major layers could only input loading for each major layer previously 2 adding an option to include the saturated zone below the unsaturated column of SESOIL A modified Summer s model equation Summers Gherini and Chem 1980 will be used for computing the contaminant concentration in the saturated zone INPUTS For the original SESOIL all inputs including formats and valid ranges are thoroughly described in the User s Manual Section 4 If data are input incorrectly to SESOIL error or warning messages are printed by the code These messages are explained in Appendix C of the User s Manual Hetrick Scott and Barden 1993 For the new options that were added input parameters required are ICONC switch to determine if initial concentrations for each sublayer are input 1 for YES O for NO IMONCN month of year to load initial concentrations only used if ICONC 1 CONCIN I initial concentrations for sublayers I 1 NSUBT where NSUBT is the total number of sublayers ug ml only used if ICONC 1 ISUMRS switch to determine if Summer s model Summers Gherini and Chem 1980 is used to compute contaminant concentration in the saturated zone 1 for YES O for NO Following parameters are needed if ISUMRS 1 SATCON saturated hydraulic conductivity cm d HYDGRA hydraulic gradient ej THICKS thickness of saturated zone cm WIDTH width of contaminated Zona perpondiculas t
139. ld be a fraction in the ANNUAL input file Cloud cover should be a fraction in the CLIMATE input file Humidity should be a fraction in the ANNUAL input file Humidity shouid be a fraction in the CLIMATE input file Check hydrology cycle results for reason ableness See Eagleson 1978 p 716 for details Check input data carefully for errors especially parameters MTR MN and MT MN the mean of storm events for the month is less 1 check input see Eagleson 1978 p 757 for details Check input data carefully see Eagleson 1978 p 715 for details s eg a m Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 114 The New Sesoil Users Guide Appendix C KEY WORDS Hydrology cycle ILYS of layers Latitude Length of Season annual Length of Season monthly NSUBL1 of sublayers in layer 1 NSUBL2 of sublayers in layer 2 NSUBL3 of sublayers in layer 3 ERROR OR WARNING WARNING PROBLEM IN HYDRO CYCLE W EQUALS OR EXCEEDS EP W SET TO EP FATAL ERROR LATITUDE L MUST BE LESS THAN 90 IS FATAL ERROR LENGTH OF SEASON MT MUST BE LESS THAN 365 IS FATAL ERROR LENGTH OF SEASON MT MUST BE LESS THAN 31 EXPLANATION W the velocity of capillary rise exceeds the poten tial evapotranspir ation EP in the calculation which is not allowed W is set to 99 EP check the hydrology results for reason ablen
140. le The weather station at Milwaukee Wisconsin was selected from the climate database file for 18 example This selection created the following climate data file CLIMATE INPUT DATA FILE 1 MILWAUKEE WSO AP keek YEAR 1 kkk 11 27 3 05 3 94 0 50 0 75 0 75 70 0 75 0 80 2227 21 30 6 83 38 0 70 70 0 0 80 70 0 0 30 29 0 00 00 00 0 00 00 5 52 29 39 4 52 0 o 53 3 00 0 45 51 57 4 02 50 38 30 40 30 40 30 999 END OF FILE Example Of A Soil Data File To create this file the following values were entered RS Bulk Density g cm 1 T K1 Intrinsic Permeability cm 0 1 x 10 7 Soil Disconnectedness Index 4 0 Effective porosity 0 25 OC Organic Carbon Content 50 CEC Cation Exchange Cap meq 100g 0 0 FRN Freundlich Exponent 1 SOIL INPUT DATA FILE 1 SAND RS K1 C N OC 1 70 10E 07 4 CEC FRN 0 00 1 00 999 END OF FILE Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 102 The New SESOIL User s Guide Appendix A An Example Of A Chemical Data File For the creation of this file the chemical benzene was chosen with the following parameters SL Solubility in water 1780 ug ml DA Air Diffusion Coefficient 0770 cm sec H Henrys Law Constant 00555 m3 atm mol KOC OC Adsorption Coefficient 31 ug g oc ug ml K Soil Partition Coefficient 0 ug g ug ml MWT Molecular Weight 7
141. ll s oc curring at the beginning of the month or set ISPILL to 0 fora continuous loading rate occurring throughout the month If all your data for this menu are correct press the ENTER key to have RISKPRO accept your input values and to proceed to the APPLIC Data Layer Specific Data menu As shown in Fig 36 you have the option of entering the thick ness of each layer D1 through D4 in centimeters and the num ber of sublayers for each layer NSUB1 through NSUB4 by highlighting each field Note that Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 64 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Side Note NSUB1 through NSUB4 may range from 1 to 10 and each will divide the appropriate layer into equal sublayers It should be noted that all application loads for a layer are applied to the uppermost sublayer O Side Note All sublayers have the same soil properties as the major soil layer in which they reside However the computed chemical concentrations in each sublayer will be different X Parameter Description Parameter Description amp Parameter Description Parameter Description amp Parameter Description X Parameter Description amp Parameter Description Parameter Description D1 thickness of the uppermost soil layer cm D2 thickness of the second soil layer cm D3 thickness of the third soil layer cm
142. ltural Management Systems Conservation Research Report No 26 U S Department of Agriculture 1980 Knisel W G G R Foster and P A Leonard CREAMS A System for Evaluating Management Practices Agriculturai Management and Water Quality by Schaller and Bailey 1983 Ladwig K J Groundwater Contamination Susceptibility Evaluation SESOIL Modeling Results Prepared for Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison WI 1993 Lyman W J W F Reehl and D H Rosenblatt Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods Environmental Behavior of Organic Compounds McGraw Hill Book Company New York New York 1982 Melancon S M J E Pollard and S C Hern Evaluation of SESOIL PRZM and PESTAN Laboratory Column Leaching Experiment Environ Toxicol Chem 5 10 865 878 1986 Metzger B H and P S Eagleson The Effects of Annual Storage and Random Potential Evapotranspiration on the One Dimensionai Annual Water Balance MIT Report No 251 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Civil Engineering Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 1980 Millington R J and J M Quirk Permeability of Porous Solids Trans Faraday Soc 57 1200 1207 1961 Odencrantz J E J M Farr and C E Robinson Levine Fricke Inc A Better Approach to Soil Cleanup Levels Determination In Transport Model Parameter Sensitivity for Soil Cleanup Level Determinations Using SESOIL and AT123D in the Context of the Califo
143. ment transport Separate equations are needed for these two processes because the relationship of the detachment process to erosion is different than the relationship between erosion and transport For the detachment process the model employs the Universal Soil Loss Equation USLE Wischmeier and Smith 1978 modified by Foster et al 1980 for single storm events The USLE is applicable for predictions of annual sediment erosion originating mainly from small watersheds which are subject to sheet and rill erosion Detachment of soil particles occurs when the sediment load already in the overland flow is less than the sediment capacity of this flow The equation takes into account soil erodibility the rate of soil loss per storm which varies for different soil types and texture classes The USLE considers topography since both the length and the steepness of the land slope affect the rate of rain induced soil erosion Also the land cover e g vegetation and the roughness of the soil surface affect the rate of erosion and the rate of overland transport The USLE includes a parameter called Manning s n or roughness coefficient to model these influences Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 13 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description To model the sediment transport capacity for overland flow EROS incorporates the Yalin Transport Equation Yalin 1963 modified for nonuniform sediment with a mixture
144. multiplied by 12 in order to again obtain annual values Equations 1 and 2 are solved to compute the soil moisture content and the results for the components infiltration evapotranspiration etc are divided by 12 to attain average monthly values Note that if long term average climatic data are used as input for each year input for each month is the same from year to year one would expect that the results for the hydrology for each month would be identical from year to year Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 10 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description However since the initial soil moisture content is computed as stated above for the first month of the first year this value will be different than the soil moisture calculated for the twelfth month that is then used for the first month of the following year Thus although hydrology results will not be identical for the first two years they will be identical thereafter The monthly cycle in SESOIL does account for the change in moisture storage from month to month incorporating the work of Metzger and Eagleson 1980 Also the SESOIL evapotranspiration algorithm has been modified from the original work of Eagleson 1978 to include seasonal changes in average monthly radiation radiation was a constant function of latitude before Hetrick 1984 observed that hydrology predictions of the original SESOIL were insensitive to seasonal cha
145. n be done efficiently SESOIL can be applied to generic environmental scenarios for purposes of evaluating the general behavior of chemicals Care should be taken when applying SESOIL to sites with large vertical variations in soil properties since the hydrologic cycle assumes a homogeneous soil profile Only one value for the soil moisture content is computed for the entire soil column 1f different permeabilities are input for each soil layer the soil moisture content calculated in the hydrologic cycle using the vertically averaged permeability Eq 3 may not be valid for the entire soil column Thus the user is warned that even though the model can accept different permeabilities for each layer the effects of variable permeability are not fully accounted for by the model it is recommended that predictions for the hydrology at a given site be calibrated to agree with known measurements Caution should be used when making conclusions based on modeling results when little hydrologic data exist against which to calibrate predictions In these cases it is recommended that the user employ sensitivity analysis or evaluate results obtained by assigning distributions to the input parameters e g see Gardner 1984 O Neill et al 1982 Hetrick et al 1991 However when properly used SESOIL is an effective screening level tool in assessing chemical movement in soils UMEN P O T Wisconsin Depa
146. n real world situations As part of the GCSE project the SESOIL model an unsaturated soil zone transport computer model was to be used by WDNR to evaluate factors affecting the movement of organic compounds in unsaturated soil environments found typically in Wisconsin and to estimate residual contamination levels RCL s for particular compounds The authors wish to especially thank Carol McCurry and Mike Barden from the WDNR for their support and visionary views of computer technology in environmental risk assessment In addition the authors also wish to thank Ken Ladwig of STMI and the General Science Corporation for all their support during the development of this manual david hetrick amp steve scott The New SESOIL User s Guide Table of Contents CONTENTS 4 INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF THE SESOIL MODEL n 1 1 1 RISKPRO System 2 2 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW 3 3 SESOIL MODEL DESCRIPTION 4 3 1 The Soil Compartment Um eu Sea 5 3 2 SESOIL Cycles 22 Loo crux eua One vsu dari Da RR a 6 3 3 Hydrologic Cycle 8 3 3 1 Annual 35s ett nd vx ve en ere ih Rn IRR ARCU RC n 10 3 3 2 Monthly Cycle ccccsese cca 10 3 3 3 Hydrologic Model Calibration
147. nce compound and MWT is the molecular weight of the current compound Trichloroethylene TCE is used as the reference compound having a diffusion coefficient of 0 083 cm sec and a molecular weight of 131 5 g mole H dimensional form of Henry s Law constant m atm mole used in Eqs 7 11 and 13 KOC the adsorption coefficient of the compound on organic carbon ug g OC pg mL if the adsorption coefficient on the soil K is used then enter zero for KOC since KOC will not be used K the adsorption coefficient of the compound on soil ug g ug mL Ifa non zero value is entered for K SESOIL will use this value as the adsorption coefficient Otherwise KOC and OC soil organic carbon content will be used to calculate K as described in Section 3 5 4 MWT the molecular weight of the compound g mole VAL the valence of the compound used to calculate cation exchange with soil A positive integer number should be entered without a sign Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 60 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Ee ee C Side Note SK B and MWTLIG are used only if the complexation algorithm is used X Parameter Description the neutral hydrolysis rate constant L mol day amp Parameter Description the base hydrolysis rate constant L mol day X Parameter Description the ac
148. nd potential environmental pollution have made it necessary to know the fate and transport of chemicals entering the soil environment For example a synthetic organic chemical may find its way into the soil and eventually to the groundwater from an unlined disposal site or a leaking underground storage tank To better understand the possible impact of a chemical in the environment one needs to develop a methodology that can predict where in the environment a chemical substance will be transported and the rate and extent of its transformations In order to help define the impacts that chemical releases could have on the environment and human exposure the SESOIL model can be used to perform an exposure assessment using the SESOIL model as an assessment tool the first step involves information gathering The essential information includes O the behavior of the chemical the environment O therate and frequency of its release into the environment O a description of the media in which the chemical is released In the SESOIL scenario simulation of a chemical release to the land would include detailed information about the soil the chemical local weather patterns and the underlying aquifers This manual will show the reader how to use the SESOIL model to determine the concentration of a chemical in various layers of the soil including the surface layer The SESOIL model can be used as an assessment tool to help the user estimate
149. ndlich isotherm note that a cation exchange option discussed later is available in SESOIL 8 pollutant adsorbed concentration ug g pollutant partitioning coefficient ug 9 pg mL pollutant concentration in soil water pg mL and Freundlich exponent gS I ET ET S EAEE E E EEEE Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 18 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description The total concentration of the pollutant in the soil is computed as Co f 5 4 0 C puo 9 C5 overall total pollutant concentration ug cm f the air filled porosity mL mL soil porosity mL mL soil water content mL mL and soil bulk density g cm In SESOIL each soil layer sublayer has a set volume and the total soil column is treated as a series of interconnected layers Each layer sublayer has its own mass balance equation Eq 6 and can receive and release pollutant to and from adjacent layers sublayers Again the individual fate processes that compose the SESOIL mass balance equations e g volatilization degradation are functions of the pollutant concentration in the soil water of each zone and a variety of first order rate constants partitioning coefficients and other constants An iterative solution procedure is used to solve the system the iteration parameter is c See Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 for the numerical solution procedure
150. ndwater table While SESOIL estimates the pollutant mass added to the groundwater the saturated zone is not modeled The output from SESOIL can be used for generating input values for groundwater transport models In RISKPRO the Analytic Transient 1 2 3 Dimensional Model AT123D Yeh 1981 has been adapted to use SESOIL results for groundwater runoff recharge to simulate chemical movement in the saturated zone The soil compartment is treated differently by the hydrologic cycle and the pollutant cycle in SESOIL the hydrologic cycle the whole soil column is treated as a single homogeneous compartment extending from the land surface to the water table The pollutant cycle breaks the soil column into several compartments also called layers The layers in the pollutant cycle can be further broken up into sublayers Each soil layer sublayer is considered as a compartment with a set volume and the total soil column is treated as a series of interconnected layers sublayers Each layer sublayer can receive and release pollutant to and from adjacent layers sublayers The dimensions of the soil compartment are defined by the user The width and length of the column are defined as the area of application of pollutant released to the soil and the depth to the groundwater is determined from the thickness of user defined soil layers that are used in the pollutant cycle The soil column can be represented in 2 3 or 4 distinct layers Up
151. nges in meteorological data To model the hydrology more realistically an algorithm from the AGTEHM model Hetrick et al 1982 which computes daily potential radiation incoming radiation for cloudless skies for a given latitude and Julian date December 31 365 is now used The middle day of the month is used in the algorithm and the effect of cloud cover is calculated with the expression Hetrick et al 1982 S S 1 C kC 4 the average monthly radiation the potential radiation the fraction of sky covered by clouds and the transmission factor of cloud cover The value for k used in the model is 0 32 suggested by Hetrick et al 1982 Since latitude and monthly cloud cover are required input for SESOIL no new input data are needed to support this modification There are now more pronounced monthly changes in evapotranspiration predictions see Hetrick et al 1986 Although SESOIL does produce monthly results for soil moisture content of the root zone defined in the model as the first 100 cm depth from the surface this option has not been fully developed Thus values for soil moisture for the root zone will usually be identical to those for the entire soil column and only very dry climates may cause a difference M Bonazountas personal communication 1986 SESOIL model predictions using the monthly option of watershed hydrologic components have been compared with those of the more data intensive ter
152. nic carbon content the cation exchange capacity and the Freundlich exponent may be varied down the soil profile by specifying ratios in the APPLIC file described below i Technical Note IfK11 12 K13 and K14 are specified in the APPLIC file see Section 4 5 an average value is calculated for the hydrologic cycle see Eq 3 The separate values for each layer are used in the pollutant cycle see Section 3 5 2 Technical Note bulk density intrinsic permeability and effective porosity are all interrelated parameters yet only the intrinsic permeability can be varied from one layer to the next Thus if different K1 s are used in the APPLIC file discussed later the bulk density and effective porosity may not be appropriate for the resultant permeability that is computed by Eq 3 eS a aye 4 4 Creating the Chemical Data File The next input file to be created by SEBUILD contains chemical property information for the chemical under study Parameters used by the model are listed in Table 4 6 As shown in Fig 22 there are several options offered by SEBUILD to enter chemical data Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 52 The New SESOIL User s Guide C OPTION 1 C OPTION 2 OPTION 3 D OPTION 4 SYMBOL NAME Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO allows you to manually enter each of the chemical data
153. nt yield model EROS Foster et al 1980 which considers the basic processes of soil detachment transport and deposition The pollutant fate cycle focusses on the various chemical transport and transformation processes which may occur in the soil and uses calculated results form the hydrologic and sediment washload cycles The ultimate fate and distribution of the contaminant is controlled by the processes interrelated by a mass balance equation for each soil layer compartment that is specified by the user An iteration procedure is used to solve each equation The soil compartment is a cell extending from the surface through the unsaturated zone to the upper level of the saturated soil zone also referred to as the aquifer or groundwater table iii 10 11 12 RESTRICTIONS OR LIMITATIONS As many years as desired can be specified for computation using the model Available storage for the output file is the only limitation in this regard Care should be taken when applying SESOIL to sites with large vertical variation in soil properties since the hydrologic cycle assumes a homogeneous soil profile TYPICAL RUNNING TIME As an example a ten year simulation that includes all four layers with three sublayers per layer requires approximately 5 5 minutes to run and about 250000 bytes of storage on an IBM compatible 486 PC 50 mhz The author s executable ran in 4 minutes 21 seconds on a Northgate 486 66 using the included sample input dat
154. ntil the differences between model predictions and field observations are within selected criteria of performance Donnigan and Dean 1985 Sensitivity analysis focuses on the relative impact each parameter or term has on the model output in order to determine the effect of data quality on output reliability Uncertainty analysis seeks to quantify the uncertainty in the model output as a function of uncertainty in both model input and model operations Validation also compares measured with predicted results but includes analysis of the theoretical foundations of the model focusing on the model s performance in simulating actual behavior of the chemical in the environment under study Note that the term validation has often been broadly used to mean a variety of things including ail five of the techniques mentioned above A number of calibration validation and sensitivity studies have been performed on the SESOIL model The model has been verified by extensive testing using extreme ranges of input data Studies of the hydrologic and washload cycles have already been discussed above see Sections 3 3 and 3 4 The following discusses the kinds of evaluations that have been performed on the pollutant cycle of the SESOIL model Note that model validation is a continuing process no model is ever completely validated To assess SESOIL s predictive capabilities for pollutant movement a pollutant transport and validation study was performed by Arth
155. o include the names of the new data files and run by typing the new batch file name and the enter key References Bonazountas M and Wagner J SESOIL A Seasonal Soil Compartment Model Arthur D Little Inc Cambridge Massachusetts prepared for the U S Environmental Protection Agency Office of Toxic Substances 1984 Available through the National Technical Information Service publication PB 112406 General Sciences Corporation Inc RISKPRO User s Guide General Sciences Corporation Laurel Maryland 1990 Hetrick D M and Scott S J The New SESOIL User s Guide Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources PUBL SW 200 Madison WI 1993 Science Applications International Corporation SAIC Vadose Zone Soil Leaching Report DOE OR 12 1249 amp D0 POEF ER 4591 amp D0 11197 U S Route 23 Suite 200 Waverly Ohio 45690 Summers K Gherini S and Chem C Methodology to Evaluate the Potential for Groundwater Contamination from Geothermal Fluid Release EP A 600 7 80 117 as modified by U S EPA Region IV 1980 AWOr OZ N SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS RECORD GENERAL OVERVIEW Refer to the new User s Manual for SESOIL Sections 1 3 Hetrick Scott and Barden 1993 for a general overview of the purpose of the SESOIL model including all assumptions and techniques employed Two new options that have been added to SESOIL for this study include 1 adding the capability to input an initial concentration for each sub
156. o the groundwater flow cm BACKCA background concentration of the contaminant in the aquifer ug ml PROCESSING All specific operations are described in the SESOIL User s Guide Section 3 with the exception of the two new options see General Overview above The code checks for invalid input data and prints error or warning messages if abnormal situations are recognized Also all the input data are printed in the output file of SESOIL so that the data can be checked This is true for the two new options that were added If ISUMRS 1 the equation used to compute the concentration of the contaminant in the saturated zone Co ug ml is Summers Gherini and Chen 2980 Ca 9 01 9 0 Q Q where 0 volumetric flow rate of infiltration soil pore water into the aquifer cm d this value is provided by SESOIL volumetric flow rate of groundwater beneath the waste area cm d Q is computed by the modified SESOIL as Q SATCON HYDGRA THICKS WIDTH C contaminant concentration in the soil pore water before entering the aquifer ug ml this value is provided by SESOIL C BACKCA input parameter OUTPUTS All outputs from the SESOIL model are described in Section 5 of the SESOIL User s Guide Hetrick Scott and Barden 1993 All error or warning messages that are printed by SESOIL during execution are described in Appendix C of the manual If the modified Summer s model option is used then C is
157. of particle sizes and densities The model estimates the distribution of sediment particles transported as sand silt and clay and the fraction of organic matter in the eroded sediment SESOIL computations of sediment transport are performed for each particle size type beginning at the upper end of a slope and routing sediment downslope The EROS model in SESOIL accounts for several surface features which may divert and slow the overland flow allowing settling and deposition of the washload These inciude vegetation which siows the flow and filters out particles and topography which includes surface characteristics such as roughness and the existence of small depressions Change in slope and loss of water through infiltration into the soil will reduce the flow rate and encourage settling of soil particles Organic matter is distributed among the particie types based on the proportion of primary clay in each type Foster et al 1980 Soil receiving the deposited sediment is referred to as enriched EROS computes sediment enrichment based on the ratio of the surface area of the sediment and organic matter to that of the surface area of the residual soil Knisel et al 1983 3 4 1 Implementation In SESOIL The EROS model uses characteristic rainfall and runoff factors for a storm to compute erosion and sediment transport for that storm Foster et al 1980 Hydrologic input to the erosion component consists of rainfall volume rainfall ero
158. of surface runoff percolation to the groundwater volatilization and degradation The SESOIL model accepts time varying pollutant loading For example it is able to simulate chemical releases to soil from a variety of sources such as landfill disposal accidental leaks agricultural applications leaking underground storage tanks or deposition from the atmosphere Other potential applications of SESOIL include long term leaching studies from waste disposal sites pesticide and sediment transport on watersheds studies of hydrologic cycles and water balances of soil compartments and precalibration runs for other simulation models One may also run the model to estimate the effect of various site management or design strategies on pollutant distributions and concentrations in the environment SESOIL can be used as a screening tool in performing exposure assessments OTS used the model to predict the behavior of pollutants in soil compartments for analyzing and prioritizing chemical exposures A number of studies have been conducted on the SESOIL model including sensitivity analysis comparison with other models and comparisons with field data Bonazountas et al 1982 Wagner p OS A S H Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 1 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 1 Introduction Overview of the SESOIL Model
159. of the soil column Table 5 2 lists the possible phases and their labels that would appear in the table in the output file Again if all concentrations for a particular phase are 0 0 for each month of the entire year they are not printed The pure phase concentration will always be 0 0 unless the simulated pollutant concentration in the soil moisture exceeds the solubility of the pr EE Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 92 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results A SE EASE EE TIE IT ge IEE NB VS ES REPT EE LTE LEONE LTT EIT IE GERA EG EA IT ALLER SELENE RA EN OT TE chemical If this happens the mode sets the soil moisture concentration to the solubility the SOLUBILITY defined in Table 5 2 will be 100 0 and the excess chemical is assumed to be in the pure phase Note that transport of the chemical in the pure phase is not considered the pure phase is treated as an immobile storage term and the mass of the chemical in this phase is used as input to the same layer in the next time step Table 5 2 Pollutant Concentration Table in the Output File Phase Label Definition MOISTURE Pollutant concentration in the soil moisture phase in ug mL SOLUBILITY Not a concentration but is the soil moisture concentration divided by the solubility for the chemical that was input in the chemical input
160. of the three options from Fig 64 and press the ENTER key Step3 Next enter the depth from the soil surface in cm see Fig 65 and press the ENTER key to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit SPACE key to delete the previous character the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP P2 CMDS FS LIST F9 BACK F19 MEXT Fgltp PyDn PAGE AIt F10 END Zsc EXIT Figure 65 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Technical Note This depth is the depth from the soil surface for the concentration vs time bar chart in cm The concentration values in the sublayer at the specified depth will be used for this plot routine Entering a zero depth here will use the concentration values in the uppermost sublayer of the top soil layer Z Step4 As shown in Fig 66 you will be given two options in the time increment menu where a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 97 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results ES D Side Note Step 5 Pressing the ENTER key at Step 6 uses the defaults listed in the menu and you will go to Step 12 Otherwise arrow down to the next step Step 6 OPTION 1 OPTION 2 Use mbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation F2 CMDS E3 LIST BACK 7 2 NEXT PgUg Pgbn P GE 414 Fid EMD ssc EXI
161. oil column and for each month of the year Table 5 1 lists the possible components that would be in the mass Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 90 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 5 Reviewing and Using SESOIL Results distribution table of the output file and the order in which they would be given The pollutant mass is printed for each sublayer from the surface to the bottom of the soil column If a model component in a particular sublayer is 0 0 for each month of the current year it will not be printed in order to conserve space in the file For example washload was not included in the simulation listed in Appendix B and thus the line that would be labeled IN WASHLD that is the mass of the chemical in ug lost via soil erosion is not printed If there is more than one in the first layer upper soil zone then the output for the second sublayer follows and the order of the parameters and their definitions are the same as given in Table 5 1 However the first three components listed in Table 5 1 i e SUR RUNOFF IN WASHLOAD and VOLATILIZED apply only to the uppermost sublayer of the first layer upper soil zone The fourth component listed in Table 5 1 i e DIFFUSED UP applies to all sublayers except the uppermost sublayer of the first layer upper soil zone Likewise this table continues for each layer and sublayer down through the soil column If all results for all components of a
162. oil parameter field When H Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 47 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO finished editing press the ENTER key to proceed to the next menu CHEM file Section 4 4 RISKPRO will tell you the SOIL file was successfully inserted in the file catalog 4 3 2 Accessing A User Supplied Data File Step1 As shown Fig 20 highlight option 2 labeled Access a user supplied SOIL file and press the ENTER key This option allows you to access a previously created SOIL data file You may mod ify the data as desired Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation TI MELE F2 OMDS PGILIST P19 NEXT PgUp gDe P GE nit F10 EMD Esc EXIT Figure 20 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1931 Step2 Enter the file name for your SOIL data file as shown in figure Fig 21 and press the ENTER key Note that if no extension is specified the extension INP will be assumed If using a file created by the RISKPRO system the file name is of the form SSOILxxx INP where xxx are three digits Remember that you may press the F3 function key for a list of files in your catalog p a EF SE TEE Wisconsin Departm
163. ollowed by the permeability and or porosity See the section on input data for further details i eae ee Ee 3 4 Sediment Washload Cycle In pollutant transport models estimates of erosion and sediment yield on watersheds may be needed in order to compute the removal of sorbed chemicals on eroded sediments A major factor in this process is the surface runoff rainwater which does not infiltrate the soil and may carry dissolved pollutant Surface runoff is computed as part of the hydrologic cycle Erosion is a function of the rate of surface runoff and several other factors These factors include the impact of raindrops which detaches soil particles and keeps them in motion as overland flow surface features such as vegetation and roughness and infiltration capacity Because of the difficulty in directly measuring washioad using water quality monitoring techniques estimation techniques and models are widely employed The sediment cycle of SESOIL is optional it can be turned on or off by the user Thus if pollutant surface runoff is considered negligible the washload cycle can be neglected If the option is used SESOIL employs EROS a theoretical sediment yield model Foster et al 1980 which is part of the CREAMS model Knisel 1980 Foster et al 1980 The erosion component considers the basic processes of soil detachment transport and deposition The EROS model uses separate theoreticaily derived equations for soil detachment and sedi
164. olysis reactions of the pollutant and the pH for each soil layer The model does not correct for the temperature of the modeled soil Side Note As for the biodegradation process the algorithm for hydrolysis uses Eq 15 The hydrolysis algorithm has been except the rates and K are both replaced by the rate constant k defined as verified but has not been from Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 validated ky ko ku H koy DH 16 the hydrolysis rate constant day rate constant for neutral hydrolysis day rate constant for acid catalyzed hy drolysis days mol L 10 the hydrogen ion concentration mol L rate constant for base catalyzed hy drolysis days mol L and 10 the hydroxyl ion concentration mol L If cation exchange is considered the following formula is used P MCEC ek ep e A ed e At 17 where the parameters are as defined for Eqs 9 14 15 and 16 pn B MSEDJA GMILLAGLITLLE4GICGUGGGLUXGLL ae Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 27 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description D c Bs O Side Note The complexation routine has been verified but has not been validated Extrapolating hydrolysis rates measured in a laboratory to the environment increases the uncertainty of model results if the hydrolysis rate is not corrected for the influences of temperature adsorption the soil ionic s
165. onsin Department of Natural Resources page 33 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO do not have to build this file To start building your input files choose option 1 from Fig 3 Build SESOIL input files The first file that you build is the CLIMATE file which is now discussed Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 2 CMDBS POILIST FS BACK 10 PgUp PgqDa PAGE amp i P18 END Figure 2 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys ta highlight selectian Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Fi HELP 32 CMDS F2 LIST F9 BACK 7 9 NEXI YqUp egdn PAGE 51t F19 EMD Esc EXIT Figure 3 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 34 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Ra 4 2 Building The CLIMATE Data File Step1 Choose the SEBUILD option from the Seasonal Soil Compart ment Model Menu from Fig 3 Figure 4 appears and shows the CLIMATE Data Option menu Use numbers or UP DOWN a
166. onwectedness bc Effective porosity 365005 Organic Carbon Content Cz Gc ee tony ere Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the EMTER key to proceed to next meni or operation Fi HELP F2 CMDS 722 157 5 BACK 7 9 NEXT PAGE Sit Fsa EMD esc EXIT Figure 18 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Use the down arrow key to highlight the soil name Enter a de scriptive name for the SOIL data up to 48 characters as shown in Fig 19 This header appears in the output report file Note that when selecting a default soil this field is automatically filled You may either change the name of the header file at this point or accept its default name by moving to the next field with the down arrow key Sa Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation F HELP 2 CMDS 2221057 3 BACK 0 NEXT Pgtp PgDn PAGE Alte 19 END Esc EXIT Figure 19 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Next you may either accept the default values of all the remain ing soil parameters that are shown in Fig 19 by pressing the ENTER key or enter new values by using the up down arrow keys to highlight and edit each s
167. ory of Eagleson 1978 The theory can be described as a dimensionless analytical representation of an annual water balance It is itself a model based on simplified models of interacting hydraulic processes including terms for the climate soil and vegetation These processes are coupled through statistically based modeling It is beyond the scope of this manual to present the detailed physics and mathematical expressions of the model The hydrologic cycle is thoroughly described by Eagleson 1978 and summarized by Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 and is based on the water balance equations shown below All of these parameters are expected or mean annual values and in SESOIL they are expressed in centimeters P E MR S G Y 1 6 2 precipitation E evapotranepiration moisture retention surface runoff infiltration yield groundwater runoff or recharge includes term for capillary rise Briefly precipitation is represented by Poisson arrivals of rectangular gamma distributed intensity pulses that have random depth and duration Infiltration is Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 8 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description described by the Philip equation Philip 1969 which assumes the medium to be effectively semi infinite and the internal soil moisture content at the beginning of each storm and inter storm period to be uniform at its long term average Percolat
168. priate option for data entry described below a enter review and or modify the data file D provide data for the required number of years and C name the file The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Side Note There are several options available for providing the data required by SESOIL For each input file menu there is a set of default data which has been collected based on recommendations from the SESOIL Users Guide Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 Using default dala may be appropriate if the site for the scenario is generic or if the data are not available in the appropnate RISKPRO data base or if site specific data or literature values are not available There are RISKPRO data bases available for each of the files and an automatic access procedure is built into the SEBUILD program The program also allows use of data in already existing files e g files created from a previous SEBUILD run with this option users can for example modify a few parameters at a time for a calibration or sensitivity run SEBUILD allows the user to enter a number of years of data for each file Alternatively for a multiple year simulation the user can supply a single year of data and the model will simply use that data for each of the subsequent years of the simulation This option saves time and space by avoiding the entry of redundant data This is also appropriate becaus
169. printed for each month once the contaminant has reached the groundwater The accuracy of the output is dependent on the accuracy of the input data and proper use of the model Calibration of the hydrology of the model to measurements at the site will be done wherever possible EXTERNAL INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS SESOIL has been linked Hetrick Luxmoore and Tharp 1993 to the Latin hypercube sampling model PRISM Gardner Rojder and Berstrom 1983 Gardner 1984 In PRISM all the input distributions for key soil chemical and climate parameters for SESOIL are divided into N equal probability classes 200 for example These distributions are sampled to generate N input data sets PRISM runs the SESOIL model for each set of parameter values resulting in model predictions for each set The joint set of model parameters and predictions are evaluated statistically by PRISM to indicate the most sensitive parameters for given output variables Output frequency distributions for selected SESOIL components are produced The requirements for the SESOIL PRISM interface are described in Hetrick Luxmoore and Tharp 1993 REFERENCES Gardner R H B Rojder and U Berstrom PRISM A systematic method for determining the effect of parameter uncertainties on model predictions Studsvik Energiteknik AB report NW 83 555 Nykoping Sweden 49 pp 1983 Gardner R H A unified approach to sensitivity and uncertainty analysis Proc of th
170. restrial ecosystem hydrology model AGTEHM Hetrick et al 1982 as well as to empirical measurements at a deciduous forest watershed and a grassland pn 8D DUE A i Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 11 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description mM watershed see Hetrick et al 1986 Although there were some differences in monthly results between the two models good agreement was obtained between model predictions for annual values of infiltration evapotranspiration surface runoff and groundwater runoff recharge Also SESOIL model predictions compared well with the empirical measurements at the forest stand and the grassland watersheds 3 3 3 Hydrologic Model Calibration Calibration of unsaturated soil zone models can be uncertain and difficult because climate soil moisture soil infiltration and percolation are strongly interrelated parameters that are difficult and expensive to measure in the field However if at all possible input parameters for any unsaturated soil zone model should be calibrated so that hydrologic predictions agree with observations In SESOIL all input parameters required for the hydrologic cycle can be estimated from field studies with the exception of the pore disconnectedness index c This parameter is defined as the exponent relating the wetting or drying time dependent permeability of a soil to its saturated permeability Eagleson 1978 Eagleson and Tellers
171. rnia Leaking Underground Fuel Tank Field Manual Sixth Annual Conference on Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Analysis Fate Environmental and Public Health in Regulations University of Massachusetts at Amherst September 1991 Odencrantz J E J M Farr E Robinson Transport Model Parameter Sensitivity for Soil Cleanup Level Determinations Using SESOIL and AT123D in the Context of the California Leaking Underground Fuel Tank Field Manual Journal of Soil Contamination 1 2 159 182 1992 O Neill R V R H Gardner and J H Carney Parameter Constraints in a Stream Ecosystem Model Incorporation of A Priori Information in Monte Carlo Error Analysis Ecol Model 16 51 65 1982 Patterson M R T J Sworski A L Sjoreen M G Browman C C Coutant D M Hetrick B D Murphy and R J Raridon A User s Manual for UTM TOX the Unified Transport Model ORNL 6064 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 434 pp 1984 Penman H L Natural Evaporation from Open Water Bare Soil and Grass Proc Roy Soc London Series A 193 120 145 1963 Q ST SE SE ITE Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 121 The New SESOIL User s Guide References Philip J R Theory of Infiltration In Advances in Hydroscience Vol 5 edited by V T Chow Academic Press New York New York 1969 Smith C N W Bailey R A Leonard and G
172. roding soil A good introductory application may be found in Hetrick amp Travis 1988 There are several options available for obtaining or entering the required data see Fig 47 The following describes each menu option Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 1 HELP 2 3 LIST 9 P10 NEXT Pg ip PqDv PRGE nft FiD END fac EXIT Figure 47 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 OPTION 1 accesses the WASHLOAD default data You may edit data as desired to create your desired dataset This option is discussed in Section 4 6 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 76 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO OPTION 2 C OPTION 3 accesses a user specified WASHLOAD data file You may use this option only if you have previously created the WASH data as is discussed in Section 4 6 5 exits from the WASH data option For options 1 or 2 the user may tailor the data for the chosen scenario Several years of data may be entered at this point or the user may provide one year of data Table 4 8 below lists the data required for this file Table 4 8 WASHLOAD PARAMETERS Symbol ARW SLT SND CLY SLEN SLP KSOIL CFACT PFACT NFACT Parameter Description Washload Area cm Silt Fraction
173. rrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FE HELP 72 CMBS FS LIST 10 NEXT Polip yDo PAGE Air F 9 EMD Zoc EXIT OPTION 1 D Side Note CO OPTION 2 A new Climate Data Base is available that contains 3162 weather stations OPTION 3 Figure 4 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 7991 as shown in Fig 4 is labeled Build data from CLIMATE Data Base This menu allows you to build the CLIMATE input file by selecting climate data from the Climate Data Base You may then review and edit the data if desired The data base in the RISKPRO system contains monthly average data for 262 first order weather stations throughout the continental U S The data values for each month are based on monthly mean values for at least 10 years of observed data See Section 4 2 1 below for more information as shown in Fig 4 allows you to access a previously created CLIMATE data file With this option a user may edit any climate data input parameter see Section 4 2 2 below as shown in Fig 4 allows a user to advance to the next step of SEBUILD which would advance the user to building the SOIL data file see Section 4 3 below pr A 2 AY jMe Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 35 The New SESOIL User s Guide
174. rst soil layer and are used as a reference point forthe other layers The layer specific ratios must be provided in the APPLIC file see Section 4 5 Step3 Next use your down arrow key to highlight the CHEMICAL name Step 4 Step 5 as shown in Fig 24 Enter the name of the chemical up to 48 characters This is a header which will appear in the output re port file Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter BIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FL HELP 2220408 33 LIST 2 BACK 0 Pep Pgh PAGE A3 t Pi10 END Esc EXIT Figure 24 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Next using the arrow keys enter the values for SL DA H KOC K and MWT see parameter descriptions at the end of this sec tion for more details or press the F1 key when highlighting each value Next press the ENTER key to have the RISKPRO system accept your input values and to proceed to the More Chemical Data menu see Fig 25 Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation 2 CMDS 2 LIST 2 BACK F 0 NEXT Yylie PyDn PAGE Git FiG END fsc EXIT Figure 25 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991
175. rtment of Natural Resources page 31 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO M Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO ek O Side Note User should note that there is a stand alone FORTRAN code version of SESOIL that was developed to run both annual and monthly simulations RISKPRO does not have the option of running an annual option SESOIL can be executed as a stand alone program and the required input files can be assembled manually The FORTRAN input format for these files can be found in Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 nn ccs Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 32 It is assumed that you have followed the installation guide for installing the RISKPRO system on your computer Running the SESOIL model in RISKPRO is accomplished in two steps First the user creates the input files with the interface program built in RISKPRO called SEBUILD Basically this involves creating a series of files by retrieving data from the RISKPRO default menus the chemical estimation programs and or entering information manually into the menu screens Once the data have been input the second step is to run the model This is also done with the SEBUILD program or at a later time by using the SERUN interface SERUN requires the names of the input files you created in SEBUILD and then proceeds to read the information into the model and start t
176. s of August and September Z Step 18 Once you have entered your array values listed above for Layer 1 Year 1 for each array parameter press the ENTER key to pro ceed to the next menu option as shown in Fig 41 Here you will see the same screen as in Fig 40 except that now you are enter ing the values for Layer 2 Year 1 Use arrow keys to select the array element to edit and Tab Shift Tab to move to the right and left data fields Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation Ti HELP F2 OMDS 3 LIST 7 P196 NEXT Pg p PgDn PRGE a1t 710 END Esc EXIT Figure 41 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step 19 Press the ENTER key to accept the defaults of zero for each parameter or 1 0 for VOLF or repeat steps 17 18 to advance through each menu for each layer and year until all layers and years have the values you wish to input Step 20 After the final selection of pollutant input RISKPRO will ad vance you to the next screen as shown in Fig 42 This menu states that You now have 1 year s of Monthly Application Data At this menu you have four options to choose from where a me A ELI PITS GNE POR TE CPP OCC I TTE ETIN ARCET TT EFS UR cm POE Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 71 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO p Ol RN Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys
177. s of the form SCLIMxxx INP where xxx are three digits You may press the F3 function key for a list of files in your catalog see Fig 15 If no file extension is specified then INP will be assumed Press ENTER to proceed to the next menu Step3 Repeat steps 4 10 in Section 4 2 1 to edit your CLIMATE data file and to proceed to the SOIL data file see Section 4 3 a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 43 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Specify Climat Data File The CLIMAT File mane tu access 2 Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next nenu or operation CI HELP 7I CMDS FS LIST 219 NEXT PoUp PyDo PAGE nit T19 EMD Esc EXIT Figure 14 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Use t and 1 for line scrolling lt Pglip gt and PgDn for page scrolling lt HOME gt and lt ENB gt keys for top and bottom of the file respectively A to change the default catalog File and lt F3 gt to return to the senu 72 3 LIST F9 BACK P 0 NEXT Figure 15 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 4 2 3 Additional Informat
178. sion No IR 2 Paper 4855 1966 Cowan J R Transport of Water in the Soil Plant Atmosphere System J App Ecology Vol 2 1965 Donnigan and Dean Environmental Exposures from Chemicals Vol 1 Edited by W B Neely and G E Blau CRC Press Boca Raton Fla p 100 1985 Eagleson P S Climate Soil and Vegetation Water Resources Research 14 5 705 776 1978 Eagleson P S and T E Tellers Ecological Optimality in Water Limited Natural Soil Vegetation Systems 2 Tests and Applications Water Resources Research 18 2 341 354 1982 Fairbridge R W and C W Finke Jr editors The Encyclopedia of Soil Science Part 1 Stroudsburg PA Dowden Hutchinson amp Ross Inc 646 pp 1979 Farmer W J M S Yang J Letey and W F Spencer Hexachlorobenzene Its Vapor Pressure and Vapor Phase Diffusion in Soil Soil Sci Soc Am J 44 676 680 1980 Foster G R L J Lane J D Nowlin J M Laflen and R A Young A Model to Estimate Sediment Yield from Field Sized Areas Development of Model Purdue Journal No 7781 1980 Gardner R H A Unified Approach to Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis Proceedings of the Tenth IASTED International Symposium Applied Simulation and Modelling San Francisco California 1984 General Sciences Corporation User s Guide to SESOIL Execution in GEMS Prepared for USEPA OTS Contract No 68 02 4281 Laurel MD 1987 General Sciences Corporation Graphical Exposur
179. sivity runoff volume and the peak rate of runoff for each storm event These terms drive soil detachment and subsequent transport by overland flow Note that input data for the hydrologic cycle of SESOIL include total monthly precipitation the number of storms per month and the mean time of each rainfall event Since SESOIL provides only monthly estimates of hydrologic parameters and in order to couple the SESOIL and EROS models a statistical method is used to generate the amount of rainfall and duration of each storm for every rainfall event during the month This algorithm employs a model featuring probability distributions in order to estimate the individual storm parameters Eagleson 1978 Grayman and Eagleson 1969 The washload cycle has been implemented with two subroutines in addition to the EROS model PARAM and STORM which take the input data for and results generated by the hydrologic cycle and adapt them for use The PARAM subroutine supports EROS by first retrieving the hydrologic input data e g the number of storm events per month and the depth of rainfall read by SESOIL and then setting specific parameters applicable to the STORM and EROS subroutines The STORM subroutine then uses the PARAM results and statistically generates information about each storm using the algorithm mentioned above Thus the coupled SESOIL EROS model does not require any additional hydrologic input parameters for individual storms However it should b
180. t of other environmental pathways The user is required to provide chemical properties and release rate and soil and climate data This user s guide is designed to provide users of SESOIL with the information needed to efficiently and appropriately run the model and interpret the results It provides a brief overview of how SESOIL can be used as an assessment tool This document discusses the assumptions and equations used in the model and describes the use of SESOIL in the RISKPRO system including details on how to build the input data files A complete discussion of the output data file from SESOIL and the graphing capabilities available the RISKPRO system is provided 1 1 The RISKPRO System The RISKPRO system simplifies data input by providing interactive prompts parameter menus and data retrieval programs in order for the user to extract pertinent data from on line databases create the input files required by SESOIL run the model and review and graph the model results The minimum system requirements for RISKPRO are IBM XT AT PS2 80386 or compatibles with 640 K RAM Hard Disk and 1 floppy disk drive DOS Version 2 2 or higher Graphics display adapter 540 K RAM available at all times 8087 80287 or 80387 Math Co processor Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 2 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 2 Exposure Assessment Overview Exposure Assessment Overview Concerns regarding actual a
181. te representation of biodegradation for many chemicals However due to the many factors affecting biodegradation in some cases a first order rate may not be applicable to the site field conditions and a zero order or a second or higher order rate might be more appropriate The biodegradation algorithm in SESOIL that is described by Eq 15 can not handle these cases Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 26 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description E tu The user is cautioned regarding the use of literature values for the biodegradation rates since these values are quite variable and in many cases are not applicable to site field conditions In most cases biodegradation rates are very site specific and uncertainty in these rates must be recognized The user supplied first order decay rate constants for moisture and solids should be values measured for the pollutant in a soil culture test under conditions similar to the site being modeled The SESOIL hydrolysis algorithm allows the simulation of neutral acid or base catalyzed reactions and assumes that both dissolved and adsorbed pollutant are susceptible to hydrolysis Lyman et al 1982 Since hydrolysis is the reaction of the pollutant with water this reaction may occur at any depth as the pollutant moves through the soil column The hydrolysis subroutine requires user supplied rate constants for the neutral acid and base hydr
182. tep 8 Step 9 Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation A HELP 2 0 5 FS LEST FO BACK F1 NEXT PgUp Pgin PAGE A t P190 END isc EXIT Figure 35 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Next highlight the ILYS option using your down arrow key En ter the number of soil layers zones in the soil profile The mini mum number of layers required is 2 and the maximum is 4 Note that the defauit value is 4 Highlight the AR field Enter the area of the application in cm This is the top area of the soil compartment Note the defauit value is 10000 cm The actual area of application is important only when mass flux is considered Concentration values are unaffected by area because it is constant for all layers Next highlight the LAT field Enter the latitude in decimal de grees The latitude of the application site should correspond with the location of your climate data site since it is used along with the CLIMATE file parameters TA S A and NN for calcula tion of evapotranspiration Highlight the ISPILL field ISPILL is an index indicating if the application loadings are instantaneous spills pulses or con tinuous loadings Set ISPILL to 1 for instantaneous spi
183. the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation PgUp PgDn PAIGE 815 219 Exc EXIT 1 F2 CMDS 231 157 P5 BACK 716 NEXT Figure 48 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Z Step3 Use your down arrow key to highlight the descriptive title field for your WASHLOAD data Enter up to 48 characters to de scribe the WASHLOAD data file This title field will appear in the output report file Step4 Next highlight each field where you will be prompted to enter the following values X Parameter Description ARWS the washload area cm ARW should be equal to or less than the Application area AR when pollutant transport in the washload is of concern X Parameter Description SLTE the fraction of silt in the soil Note The sum of SLT SND and CLY must add up to 1 0 amp Parameter Description SND the fraction of sand in the soil Note The sum of SLT SND and CLY must add up to 1 0 Parameter Description CLY the fraction of clay in the soil Note The sum of SLT SND and CLY must add up to 1 0 X Parameter Description SLEN the slope length length of travel of the representative overland flow profile cm amp Parameter Description SLP the average slope cm cm of the representative overland flow profile Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 78 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs
184. the next menu Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 58 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO Data Options Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next or operation Pi HELP 27 CMDS LIST DUCBACK 0 Pep Pepa PAGE 815 120 E Figure 31 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step2 As shown in Fig 32 enter the file name of your CHEMICAL data file and press the ENTER key Again if no extension is speci fied the extension INP will be assumed If using a file previ ously created by RISKPRO the file name is of the form SCHEMxxx INP where xxx are three digits You may press the F3 function key for a list of files in your catalog Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFI to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next nenu or operation Ti HELP 72 CMDS TILISI FO BACK 7 8 MEXI PgUp PgUn PAGE 31t F19 EMD Ecc EXIT Figure 32 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step3 Repeat steps 2 6 as described in Section 4 4 1 and then proceed to the APPLIC menu CARTER SE RM eS GENE EI EI CON UE AMO riu PC A NECS MN P nt Wisconsin Department of Natural Resour
185. the next menu option RISK PRO provides access to the Climate Data Base during the crea tion of this file to provide measured values for a variety of climate properties page 36 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO ea O Side Note The user should remember the latitude selected as it will be required as a input parameter for the application dafa file Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation TISHELP Fz CBS FELIST ES BACK 19 NEXT F PgDn PAGE 511 719 Figure 6 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step4 shown in Fig 7 enter a descriptive label for the CLIMATE data file up to 20 characters This label appears in the catalog file of RISKPRO and is used to identify the CLIMATE input file Use UP DOWN keys to select parameter RIGHT LEFT to edit Use the BACK SPACE key to delete the previous character Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation TISHELP 220408 F3 LIST 79 BACK PIOIMEXT Pylip Pate PAGE alt F10 END Esc Figure 7 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 Step5 Next use the down arrow key to select the option labeled C i mate data descriptive header see Fig 8 Here enter a descrip tive header for your CLIMATE data up
186. to 10 sublayers can be specified for each layer each having the same soil properties as the layer in which they reside There is no optimal size for the soil layers sublayers the dimensions of the soil column can be specified to cover any area from one square centimeter to several square kilometers The area of the compartments is important for mass balance but in terms of pollutant concentration the area of application is irrelevant since it is constant for all layers sublayers Note that the equations in SESOIL have been normalized to an area of one square centimeter It is suggested that the minimum depth of a layer is one centimeter Depending on the application layer depths can range from a shallow root zone of 5 25 centimeters to a deep layer of more than 10 meters When the pollutant enters a layer sublayer the model assumes instantaneous and uniform distribution of the chemical throughout that layer sublayer The model performs mass balarice calculations over each entire soil layer sublayer there is no concentration gradient within a layer sublayer For a given amount of chemical released the larger the layer sublayer the lower the calculated chemical concentration For Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 5 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description this reason SESOIL was discretized to allow as many as ten sublayers in each of the four possible major layers Thus the user may
187. to edit and Tab Shift Tab to move to the right and left data fields Pressing the ENTER key will proceed you to the next menu X Parameter Description X Parameter Description TA an array of the monthly mean air temperature for each month of the year degrees Celsius and is used in the estimation of evapotranspiration rates and soil temperatures If the actual monthly evapotranspiration rates are known i e non zero values entered for REP then TA is not used to calculate evapotranspiration However TAis always used to calculate soil temperature an array of the monthly mean cloud cover fraction for each month of the year dimensionless fraction ranging from 0 0 to 1 0 used to calculate evapotranspiration rates if the actual monthly evapotranspiration rates are known i e non zero values entered for REP then NN in not used _ an en I I IS TD TT ESC Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 39 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO amp Parameter Description S an array of the monthly mean relative humidity for each month of the year dimensionless fraction ranging from 0 0 to 1 0 used to calculate evapotranspiration rates If the actual monthly evapotranspiration rates are known i e non zero values entered for REP then S is not used X Parameter Description A array of the short wave albedo fraction for
188. to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed to next menu or operation FE HELP 52 05 PUOBACK FIO NEXT PgUp PgDn PAGE n1t F19 EMD Esc EXIT OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3 Figure 42 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKPRO Version 2 1 copyright 1991 allows you to review and modify any year of existing data If you choose option 1 you will be asked what year of pollutant data you wish to edit If you have only one year of pollutant data you will be automatically placed into your only year of data to edit Editing of this file is the same as before when you created the data allows you to create more years of data using any of the existing years Note the total number of years of data you create does not necessarily have to equal the number of years you wish to simulate in your SESOIL run If the number of years of available data is less than the number of years specified for the SESOIL run specified later see Section 4 7 the model will automatically use the last year of available data for all remaining years of simulation during the model run If you choose this option you will be prompted to enter the number of additional years to create and the year of data to be used to create these data i You must select a year of existing data which will be used to generate the additional years desired You may then edit any or all of the newly created years of data
189. trength and the possible catalytic effect of dissolved material or solid surfaces Since there are usually large uncertainties in hydrolysis rates the SESOIL model results for hydrolysis should be considered only as approximations The rate of hydrolysis for various organic chemicals may vary over more than 14 orders of magnitude In addition the hydrolysis routine does not consider the influence of ionic strength or the presence of other dissolved organics on the hydrolysis rate of the pollutant 3 5 6 Metal Complexation Complexation also called chelation is defined here as a transformation process In SESOIL complexation incorporates the pollutant as part of a larger molecule and results in the binding of the pollutant to the soil For example metal cations e g copper lead iron zinc cadmium combine with organic or other nonmetallic molecules ligands to form stable complexes The complex that is formed will generally prevent the metal from undergoing other reactions or interactions of the free ion The pollutant fate cycle incorporates a simplified representation of the complexation process as a removal process It is only available for scenarios in which the pollutant is a heavy metal The model assumes a reversible process in which a metal ion is complexed by a specified soluble organic ligand to form a complex which is soluble non adsorbable and non migrating Possible ligands are humic acid fulvic acid and low molecular we
190. trick D M C C Travis P S Shirley and E L Etnier Model Predictions of Watershed Hydrologic Components Comparison and Verification Water Resources Bulletin 22 5 803 810 1986 Hetrick D M and C C Travis Model Predictions of Watershed Erosion Components Water Resources Bulletin 24 2 413 419 1988 Hetrick D M C C Travis S K Leonard and R S Kinerson Qualitative Validation of Pollutant Transport Components of an Unsaturated Soil Zone Mode SESOIL ORNL TM 10672 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 42 pp 1989 Hetrick D M A M Jarabek and C C Travis Sensitivity Analysis for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models J of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics 19 1 1 20 1991 Holton G A C C Travis E L Etnier F R O Connell D M Hetrick and E Dixon Multi Pathways Screening Level Assessment of a Hazardous Waste Incineration Facility ORNL TM 8852 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 55 pp 1984 Holton G A C C Travis and E L Etnier A Comparison of Human Exposure to PCB Emissions from Oceanic and Terrestrial Incineration Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 2 4 453 471 1985 Hornsby A G P S C Rao W B Wheeler P Nkedi Kizza and R L Jones Fate of Aldicarb in Florida Citrus Soils Field and Laboratory Studies In Proc of the NWAA U S EPA Conference on Characterization and Monitoring of the Vadose Unsaturated Zone Las
191. ur D Little Inc under contract to EPA Bonazountas et al 1982 The application validation study was conducted on two field sites one in Kansas and one in Montana SESOIL results were compared to data for the metals chromium copper nickel and sodium at the Kansas site and the organics naphthalene and anthracene at the Montana site Results showed reasonable agreement between predictions and measurements although the concentrations of the metals were consistently underestimated and the rate of metal movement at the Kansas site was consistently overestimated Atthe Montana site the concentrations of the organics were overestimated by SESOIL Bonazountas et al 1982 state that the overestimations for the organics were probably due to the fact that biodegradation was not considered in the simulations Note that this study was done with the original SESOIL model not the modified model that is described herein Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 30 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 3 SESOIL Model Description E Hetrick et al 1989 compared predictions of the improved version of SESOIL with empirical data from a laboratory study involving six organic chemicals Melancon et al 1986 and from three different field studies involving the application of aldicarb to two field plots Hornsby et al 1983 R L Jones 1986 Jones et al 1983 1985 and atrazine to a single field watershed Smith et al 1978 Results for sev
192. values and is described in Section 4 4 1 allows access to chemical data from an AUTOEST output file and is described in Section 4 4 2 AUTOEST output files contain the chemical properties estimated by the AUTOEST chemical estimation program in RISKPRO The values are automatically loaded into the SESOIL CHEM data menus If you have purchased the chemical estimation program module the RISKPRO system can provide you access to chemical estimation program output as input into the SESOIL CHEM files This is useful when measured values for water solubility the organic carbon partition coefficient and the Henry s Law Constant are unavailable provides access to the data from a previously created CHEM data file and is described in Section 4 4 3 You may use the data as they are or edit the data advances to the next menu and is described in further detail in Section 4 5 It serves as an exit from the CHEM data options and advances you to the Application menu Table 4 6 Chemical Data PARAMETER DESCRIPTION Chemical Name 0 48 char Solubility in Water pg mL Air Diffusion Coeff cm sec Henry s Law Const m atm mol OC Adsorption ug g oc ug mL Adsorption ug g ug mL Molecular Weight g mole Valence Neutral Hydrolysis Const 1 day Base Hydrolysis Const L mol day Acid Hydrolysis Const L mol day Liquid Phase Biodeg Rate 1 day Solid Phase Biodeg Rate 1 day Ligand Stability Const Moles Li
193. y choose any existing year of data to be used to create the additional years The additional years created can then be further modified if so desired The total number of years of data you create does not necessarily have to equal the number of years you wish to simulate in your SESOIL run If the number of years of available data is less than the number of years specified for the SESOIL run the model will automatically use the fast year of available data for all remaining years of simulation during the model run Technical Note Remember for the second option here you must select a year of existing data which will be used to generate the additional years desired You may then edit any or all of the newly created years of data if desired Repeat steps 1 2 in Section 4 6 2 to work with your WASHLOAD data file 4 6 4 Deleting An Existing Year Of WASH Data Z Step1 As shown in Fig 53 highlight the option labeled Delete existing years of data and press the ENTER key Oo SP SP SS I SS ED Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 82 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO RR a t WEE Side Note The user should note that this option can not selectively delete a particular year of data as shown in Figure 54 4 Step2 gt existing gear of data 2 Create additional years of ue Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to pro
194. years you wish to simulate in your SESOIL run If the number of years of available data is less than the number of years specified for the SESOIL run the model EMEND X n s A i H m Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 41 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO O OPTION 3 OPTION 4 1 Edit an existing year of data Create additional years of data Delete existing years of data Advance to next data options menu Use numbers or UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight selection Press the ENTER key to proceed ta next menu or operation HELP OWS LIST BACK Dogu4ePIIC PAGE 202 FSS END c c EXIT will automatically use the last year of available data for all remaining years of the simulation during the model run allows you to delete existing years of climate data With this option you may delete existing years of data by entering the number of years to be deleted The last N years of existing data will be deleted i e entering 5 deletes the last 5 years of existing data You may not delete all years of data i e data for year 1 must always exist allows you to advance to the next menu option once you have finished editing creating your present monthly data You now have 1 year s of CLIMAT data Figure 12 Screen courtesy of General Sciences Corporation s RISKP
195. yer The relative values of OC for the lower layers are specified in the APPLIC data file Parameter Description CEC the cation exchange capacity milliequivalents per 100 gram dry soil of the uppermost soil layer The relative values of CEC for the lower layers are specified in the APPLIC data file Parameter Description FRN the Freundlich Equation Exponent used to determine chemical sorption for the top soil layer see Eq 8 The relative values of FRN for the lower layers are specified in the APPLIC data file Values of FRN typically range from 0 9 to 1 4 If the value is not known the default value of 1 0 is recommended Table 4 2 General ranges used for soil bulk density RS g cm Sand Silt Clay 1 18 1 58 1 29 1 80 1 40 2 20 WiSOUCRGUUIGUEIEDSRTL RON RENE IMMER RE RP VEU TOLL CIE I TE UU UD E UEM IS MU pi ME E I ED Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources page 50 The New SESOIL User s Guide Chapter 4 Building the SESOIL Model Inputs in RISKPRO TABLE 4 3 Default values of the intrinsic permeability K1 Bonazountas and Wagner 1984 USDA Textural Soil K1 Class cm Clay very fine 7 5E 11 Clay medium fine 2 5E 10 Clay fine 6 0E 10 Silty clay 5 0E 11 Silty clay loam 8 5E 11 Clay loam 6 5E 10 Loam 8 0E 10 Silt loam 3 5E 10 Silt 5 0E 11 Sandy clay 1 5E 9 Sandy clay loam 2 5E 9 Sandy foam 2 0E 9 Loamy sand 5 0E 8 Sand 1 0E 8 Side Note Th

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