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Guide for pdflatex

1. version e g This is pdfeTeX Version 3 141592 1 30 4 2 2 Web2C 7 5 5 kpathsea version 3 5 5 This is necessary because the string in the Producer key in the info dictionary is rather short e g pdfeTeX 1 30 4 Colophon This manual is typeset in ConTEXt One can generate an A4 version from the source code by typing texexec result pdftex a pdf pdftex t Or in letter size texexec mode letter result pdftex l pdf pdftex t Given that the A4 version is typeset one can generate an A5 booklet by typing texexec pdfarrange paper a5a4 print up addempty 1 2 result pdftex b pdf pdftex a Odd and even page sets for non duplex printers can be generated using pages odd and pages even options which might require some disciplined shuffling of sheet This also demonstrates that pdfT X can be used for page imposition purposes given that pdfTEX and the fonts are set up properly 41 The pdfTgX user manual GNU Free Documentation License Version 1 2 November 2002 Copyright 2000 2001 2002 Free Software Foundation Inc 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Boston MA 02111 1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute ver batim copies of this license document but chang ing it is not allowed Preamble The purpose of this License is to make a manu al textbook or other functional and useful doc ument free in the sense of freedom to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and re distri
2. If there is no precompiled binary of pdf IEX for your system or the version coming with a distribution is not the current one and you would like to try out a fresh pdfTEX immediately you will need to build pdf IEX from sources read on You should already have a working TEX system e g teTEX into which the freshly compiled pdfTgX will be integrated Note that the installation description in this manual is Web2c specific Getting sources and binaries The latest sources of pdf IX are currently distributed for compilation on Unix systems including Linux and Win32 systems Windows 95 98 NT 2000 XP The primary location where one can fetch the latest released code is at the developers homepage http sarovar org projects pdftex where you also find bug tracking information and the manual sources Download the pdf IEX archive from there The pdfTEX sources can also be found at their canonical place in the CTAN network ctan systems pdftex Separate pdfTpx binaries for various systems might also be available check out the subdirectories below ctan systems 3 2 3 3 3 4 The pdfTEX user manual Compiling The compilation is expected to be easy on Unix like systems and can be described best by example Assuming that the file pdf tex zip is downloaded to some working directory e g HOME pdftex on a Unix system the following steps are needed to compile pdf IEX cd HOME pdftex unzip pdftex 1 30 4 zip cd pdftex 1 30 4
3. They contain also information about re encoding arrays partial downloading and character transformation parameters like SlantFont and ExtendFont Those map files were first created for dvi postprocessors But as pdf IEX in pdf output mode includes all pdf processing steps it also needs to know about font mapping and therefore reads in one or more map files Map files are not read in when pdf TEX is in dvi mode Pixel fonts can be used without being listed in the map file By default pdf IEX reads the map file pdftex map In Web2c map files are searched for using the TEXFONTMAPS config file value and environment variable By default the current directory and various system directories are searched Within the map file each font is listed on an individual line The syntax of each line is upward compatible with dvips map files and can contain the following fields some are optional explanations follow tfmname basename fontflags special encodingfile fontfile 10 The pdfIgx user manual It is mandatory that tfmname is the first field If a basename is given it must be the second field Similarly if fontflags is given it must be the third field if basename is present or the second field if basename is left out It is possible to mix the positions of special encodingfile and fontfile however the first three fields must be given in fixed order tfmname sets the name of the tfm file for a font the name TEX sees This name must
4. Think of an O when geometrically stretched the vertical part of the glyph becomes thicker and looks incompatible with an unscaled original With a multiple master situation one can stretch while keeping this thickness compatible pdfadjustspacing integer This primitive provides a switch for enabling font expansion By default pdfadjustspacing is set to 0 then font expansion is disabled so that the pdf IEX output is identical to that from the original TEX engine Font expansion can be activated in two modes When Npdfadjustspacing is set to 1 font expansion is applied after TEX s normal paragraph breaking routines have broken the paragraph into lines In this case line breaks are identical to standard TEX behaviour When set to 2 the width changes that are the result of stretching and shrinking are taken into account while the paragraph is broken into lines In this case line breaks are likely to be different from those of standard TEX In fact paragraphs may even become longer or shorter Both alternatives require a collection of tfm files that are related to the stretch and shrink settings for the pdffontexpand primitive unless this is given with the autoexpand option efcode font integer We didn t yet tell the whole story One can imagine that some glyphs are visually more sensitive to stretching or shrinking than others Then the ef code primitive can be used to influence the expandability of individual glyphs
5. myfont map or pdfmapfile myfont map as described below pdfmapfile foo map puts the file foo map into the list of pending map items When the file foo map is scanned duplicate map entries are ignored and a warning is issued This is compatible with the former behaviour pdfmapfile foo map puts the file foo map into the list of pending map items When the file foo map is scanned matching map entries in the database are replaced by new entries from foo map pdfmapfile foo map puts the file foo map into the list of pending map items When the file foo map is scanned matching map entries are deleted from the database pdfmapfile clears the list of pending map items It does not affect map entries already registered into the database This is compatible with the former behaviour When this command is given at the beginning of a pdfT X run the default map file pdftex map will not be read in This may help with quick program startup if no fonts are required If you want to use a base map file name other than pdftex map or change its processing options through a pdfTEX format you can do this by appending the pdfmapfile command to the everyjob token list for the ini run e g every job expandafter the everyjob pdfmapfile myspecial map dump pdfmapline map spec Similar to pdfmapfile but here you can give a single map line like the ones in map files as an argument The modifiers have the same
6. 27 7 7 The pdfTEX user manual because they are laid out on a separate layer are positioned absolutely and have dedicated housekeeping pdfxform makes the box void as box does When attr spec is given the text will be written as additional attribute into the form XObject dictionary The resources spec is similar but the text will be added to the resources dictionary of the form XObject The text given by attr spec or resources spec is written before other entries of the form dictionary and or the resources dictionary and takes priority over later ones pdfrefxform object number The form XObject is kept in memory and will be written to the pdf output only when its object number is referred to by pdfrefxform or when pdfxform is preceded by immediate Nothing is appended to the list being built The number of the most recently created form XObject is accessible via pdflastxform When issued pdfrefxform appends a whatsit node to the list being built When the whatsit node is searched at shipout time pdf IEX will write the form object number to the pdf output if it is not written yet pdflastxform read only integer The object number of the most recently created form XObject is accessible via pdf lastxform As said this feature can be used for reusing information This mechanism also plays a role in typesetting fill in forms Such widgets sometimes depends on visuals that show up on user request but are hidden ot
7. 3 and allows only included pdf files with versions numbers up to 1 3 The default for pdfminorversion is 4 producing files with pdf version 1 4 If specified this primitive must appear before any data is to be written to the generated pdf file so you should put it at the very start of your files The command has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 as a shortened synonym of Npdfoptionpdfminorversion command that is obsolete by now pdfcompresslevel integer This integer parameter specifies the level of stream compression text in line graphics and embedded png images only if they are un and re compressed during the embedding process all done by the z1ib library Zero means no compression 1 means fastest 9 means best 2 8 means something in between A value outside this range will be adjusted to the nearest meaningful value This parameter is read each time pdf IEX starts a stream Setting pdf compresslevel O is great for pdf stream debugging pdfdecimaldigits integer This integer parameter specifies the numeric accuracy of real coordinates as written to the pdf file It gives the maximal number of decimal digits after the decimal point Valid values are in range 0 4 A higher value means more precise output but also results in a larger file size and more time to display or print In most cases the optimal value is 2 This parameter does not influence the precision of numbers used in raw pdf code like that used in pdfliteral and a
8. As with pages described by PostScript the pdf reference point is in the lower left corner Formerly these dimensions and other pdfTEX parameters were read in from a configuration file named pdftex cfg which had a special non TEX format at the start of processing Nowadays such a file is ignored by pdfTpx Instead the page dimensions and offsets as well as many other parameters can be set by pdf IEX primitives during the pdfTEX format building process so that the settings are dumped into the fresh format and consequently will be used when pdf IEX is later called with that format All settings from The pdfTEX user manual the format can still be overridden during a pdf IEX run by using the same primitives This new configuration concept is a more unified approach as it avoids the configuration file with a special format A list of pdf TEX primitives relevant for setting up the pdfTEX engine is given in table 2 All primitives are described in detail within later sections Figure 1 shows a recent configuration file pdf texconf ig tex in TEX format using the primitives from table 2 which typically is read in during the format building process It enables pdf output sets paper dimensions and the default pixel density for pk font inclusion The default values are chosen so that pdfTEX often can be used e g in ini mode even without setting any parameters internal name type default comment pdfoutput integer 0 dvi pdfadjustspac
9. Build The binaries pdftex and pdfetex are then built in the subdirectory build texk web2c In the same directory also the corresponding pool files pdftex pool and pdfetex pool are generated that are needed for creating formats Placing files The next step is to put the freshly compiled binaries and pool files into their proper places within the tds structure of the TEX system Put the files pdftex and pdfetex into the directory e g for a typical teTEX system usr 1ocal teTeX bin i686 pc linux gnu and the pool files into usr local teTeX share texmf web2c Don t forget to do a texconfig sys init afterwards so that all formats are regenerated system wide with the fresh binaries Setting search paths Web2c based programs including pdf IEX use the Web2c run time configuration file called texmf cnf The location of this file is the appropriate position within the tds tree relative to the place of the pdf IEX binary on a teTEX system file texmf cnf typically is located either in directory texmf web2c or texmf local web2c The path to file texmf cnf can also be set up by the environment variable TEXMFCNF Next you might need to edit texmf cnf so that pdfTEX can find all necessary files but the texmf cnf files coming with the major TEX distributions should already be set up for normal use You might check into the file texmf cnf to see where the various bits and pieces are going pdf TEX uses the search path variables sho
10. a unit of 65536 e g 16980 This primitive expands to a list of tokens The primitive has been introduced in pdf TEX 1 30 0 pdfrandomseed read only integer You can use the pdfrandomseed to query the current seed value so you can e g write the value to the log file The initial value of the seed is derived from the system time and is not more than 1 000 999 999 34 7 16 7 17 The pdfTEX user manual this ensures that the value can be used with commands like count The primitive has been introduced in pdfTEX 1 30 0 pdfsetrandomseed number This sets the random seed pdfrandomseed to a specific value allowing you to re play sequences of semi randoms at a later moment The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 Files pdffilemoddate general text expandable Expands to the modification date of file general text in the same format as for pdf creationdate e g it s D 20051017182846 02 00 for the source of this manual The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdffilesize general text expandable Expands to the size of file general text e g it s 191595 for the source of this manual The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfmdf ivesum file general text expandable Expands to the md5 of file general text in uppercase hexadecimal format same as pdfescapehex e g it s 39B9FA736576354E8A054344626D2C9B for the source of this manual The primiti
11. are drawn with extra pixels even at very small text sizes Typically when characters are drawn at small sizes on very low resolution devices such as display screens features of bold characters may appear only one pixel wide Because this is the minimum feature width on a pixel based device ordinary non bold characters also appear with one pixel wide features and thus cannot be distinguished from bold characters If bit 19 is set features of bold characters may be thickened at small text sizes If the font flags are not given pdf IEX treats it as being 4 a symbolic font If you do not know the correct value it is best not to specify it at all as specifying a bad value of font flags may cause troubles in viewers On the other hand this option is not absolutely useless because it provides backward compatibility with older map files see the fontfile description below special instructions can be used to manipulate fonts similar to the way dvips does Currently only the keywords SlantFont and ExtendFont are interpreted other instructions as ReEncodeFont with parameters see encoding below are just ignored The permitted SlantFont range is 1 1 for ExtendFont it s 2 2 The block of special instruction must be enclosed by double quotes encoding specifies the name of the file containing the external encoding vector to be used for the font The file name may be preceded by a lt but the effect is the same The format of the encoding vec
12. direct text Strings pdfescapestring general text Starting from version 1 30 0 pdf IEX provides a mechanism for converting a general text into pdf string Many characters that may be needed inside such a text especially parenthesis have a special meaning inside a pdf string object and thus can t be used literally The primitive replaces each special pdf character by its literal representation by inserting a backslash before that character Some characters e g space are 33 7 14 7 15 The pdfTEX user manual also converted into 3 digit octal number In example pdfescapestring Text 1 will be expanded to TextN040N 1X This ensures a literal interpretation of the text by the pdf viewer The primitive has been introduced in pdf TEX 1 30 0 pdfescapename general text In analogy to pdfescapestring pdfescapename replaces each special pdf character inside the general text by its hexadecimal representation preceded by character This ensures the proper interpretation of the text if used as a pdf name object In example Text 1 will be replaced by Text 20 281 29 The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfescapehex general text This command converts each character of general text into its hexadecimal representation Each character of the argument becomes a pair of hexadecimal digits The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfunescapehex general text This command treats e
13. effect as with pdfmapf ile see also the description above Example 25 7 4 The pdfTEX user manual pdfmapline ptmri8r Times Italic lt 8r enc lt ptmri8a pfb This primitive especially the pdfmapline variant allows quick checks of a new font map entry before writing it into a map file pdfmapline clears the list of pending map items a similar way as pdfmapfile does The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 20a pdftracingfonts integer This integer parameter specifies the level of verbosity for info about expanded fonts given in the log e g when tracingoutput 1 If pdftracingfonts 0 which is the default the log shows the actual non zero signed expansion value for each expanded letter within brackets e g xivtt 20 t If pdftracingfonts 1 also the name of the tfm file is listed together with the font size e g xivtt cmtt10 20014 0pt t Setting pdftracingfonts to a value other than 0 or 1 is not recommended to allow future extensions The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfmovechars integer Since pdf TEX version 1 30 0 the primitive pdfmovechars is obsolete and its use merely leads to a warning This primitive specified whether pdf IEX should try to move characters in range 0 31 to higher slots its sole purpose was to remedy certain bugs of early pdf viewers pdfpkmode tokens The pdfpkmode is a token register that sets the METAFONT mode for p
14. full support for pdfT X in its generalized hy pertext features Support for pdf IEX is implemented as a special driver and is invoked by typing setupoutput pdftex or feeding TpXexec with the pdf option e pdf from Texinfo documents can be created by running pdf IEX on the Texinfo file instead of TEX Alterna tively run the shell command texi2pdf instead of texi2dvi e A small modification of webmac tex called pdfwebmac tex allows production of hyperlinked pdf versions of the program code written in web Some nice samples of pdfIpX output can be found at http www pdftex org http www pragma ade com and http www tug org texshowcase Setting up fonts pdf TEX can work with Type 1 and TrueType fonts but a source must be available for all fonts used in the document except for the 14 standard fonts supplied by the pdf reader Times Helvetica Courier Symbol and Dingbats It is possible to use METRFONT generated fonts in pdf IEX but it is strongly recommended not to use these fonts if an equivalent is available in Type 1 or TrueType format if only because bitmap Type 3 fonts render very poorly in older versions of Adobe Reader Given the free availability of Type 1 versions of all the Computer Modern fonts and the ability to use standard PostScript fonts there is rarely a need to use bitmap fonts in pdf IEX Map files Font map files provide the connection between IEX tfm font files and the outline font file names
15. integer This primitive when set to 1 enables gamma correction while embedding png images taking the values of the primitives pdf gamma as well as the gamma value embedded in the png image into account When pdfimageapplygamma is set to 0 no gamma correction is performed If specified the parameter must appear before any data is written to the pdf output The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfgamma integer This primitive defines the device gamma for pdf TEX Values are in promilles same as for mag The default value of this primitive is 1000 defining a device gamma value of 1 0 When pdf imageapplygamma is set to 1 then whenever a png image is included pdfTEX applies a gamma correction This correction is based on the value of the pdf gamma primitive and the assumed device gamma that is derived from the value embedded in the actual image If no embedded value can be found in the png image then the value of pdf imagegamma is used instead If specified the parameter must appear before any data is written to the pdf output The primitive has been introduced in pdfTpx 1 30 0 pdfimagegamma integer This primitive gives a default assumed gamma value for png images Values are in promilles same as for pdfamma The default value of this primitive is 2200 implying an assumed gamma value of 2 2 When pdf IEX is applying gamma corrections images that do not have an embedded assumed gamma val
16. number h v m pdfxform xform attr spec box number h v m pdfrefxform object number h v m pdfximage image attr spec general text h v m pdfrefximage object number h v m pdfannot annot type spec h v m pdfstartlink rule spec attr spec action spec h m pdfendlink h m pdfoutline outline spec h v m pdfdest dest spec h v m pdfthread thread spec h v m pdfstartthread thread spec v m pdfendthread v m pdfsavepos h v m pdfinfo general text pdfcatalog general text open action spec 16 The pdfTEX user manual pdfnames general text pdfmapfile map spec pdfmapline map spec pdffontattr font general text pdftrailer general text pdffontexpand font expand spec vadjust pre spec filler vertical mode material h m pdfliteral direct general text h v m special pdfspecial spec pdfresettimer pdfsetrandomseed number pdfnoligatures font General definitions and syntax rules general text 1 balanced text attr spec attr general text resources spec resources general text rule spec width height depth dimension rule spec object type spec reserveobjnum useobjnum number stream attr spec object contents annot type spec reserveobjnum useobjnum number rule spec general text object conten
17. original documents forming one section Entitled His tory likewise combine any sections Entitled Acknowledgements and any sections Entitled Dedications You must delete all sections Enti tled Endorsements COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS You may make a collection consisting of the Doc ument and other documents released under this License and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection provided that you follow the rules of this License for verba tim copying of each of the documents in all other respects You may extract a single document from such a collection and distribute it individually under this License provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document and follow this License in all other respects regarding verba tim copying of that document AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works in or on a volume of a storage or dis tribution medium is called an aggregate if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation s users beyond what the individual works permit When the Document is included in an aggregate this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves deriva tive works of the Document If t
18. several links with the same content pdflinkmargin dimension This dimension parameter specifies the margin of the box representing a hyperlink and is read when a page containing hyperlinks is shipped out pdfdestmargin dimension Margin added to the dimensions of the rectangle around the destinations Bookmarks pdfoutline attr spec action spec count integer general text This primitive creates an outline or bookmark entry The first parameter specifies the action to be taken and is the same as that allowed for pdfstartlink The count specifies the number of direct subentries under this entry specify 0 or omit it if this entry has no subentries If the number is negative then all subentries will be closed and the absolute value of this number specifies the number of subentries The text is what 32 7 11 7 12 7 13 The pdfT X user manual will be shown in the outline window Note that this is limited to characters in the pdf Document Encoding vector The outline is written to the pdf output immediately Article threads pdfthread rule spec attr spec id spec Defines a bead within an article thread Thread beads with same identifiers spread across the document will be joined together pdftstarthread rule spec attr spec id spec This uses the same syntax as pdfthread apart that it must be followed by a pdfendthread pdfstartthread and the corresponding pdfen
19. to that later Unless such direct objects are part of something larger they will end up as isolated entities not doing any harm but not doing any good either When a viewer opens a pdf file it first goes to the end of the file There it finds the keyword startxref the signal where to look for the so called object cross reference table This table provides fast access to the objects that make up the file The actual starting point of the file is defined after the trailer The Root entry points to the catalog In this catalog the viewer can find the page list In our example we have only one page The trailer also holds an Info entry which tells a bit more about the document Just follow the thread Root object 7 Pages object 5 Kids object 2 Contents object 3 As soon as we add annotations a fancy word for hyperlinks and the like some more entries are present in the catalog We invite users to take a look at the pdf code of this file to get an impression of that The page content is a stream of drawing operations Such a stream can be compressed where the level of compression can be set with pdfcompresslevel Let s take a closer look at this stream in object 3 Often there is a transformation matrix six numbers followed by cm As in PostScript the operator comes after the operands Between BT and ET comes the text A font is selected by a Tf operator which is given a resource name F and the font siz
20. to utilize these primitives pdflastxpos read only integer This primitive returns an integer number representing the absolute x coordinate of the last point marked by pdfsavepos The unit is scaled points sp 35 The pdfTEX user manual pdflastypos read only integer This primitive works similar to pdflastxpos only it returns the y coordinate pdftexversion read only integer Returns the version of pdf TEX multiplied by 100 e g for pdf IEX version 1 30 4 used to produce this document it returns 130 pdftexrevision expandable Returns the revision letter of pdf IEX e g for pdf IEX version 1 30 4 used to produce this document it returns the letter 4 pdftexbanner expandable Returns the pdfIEX banner message e g for the version used here This is pdfeTeX Version 3 141592 1 30 4 2 2 Web2C 7 5 5 kpathsea version 3 5 5 The primitive has been introduced in pdf TEX 1 20a pdfcreationdate expandable Expands to the date string pdfIpxX uses in the info dictionary of the document e g for this file D 20051017183841 02 00 The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfshellescape read only integer This primitive is 1 if write18 is enabled 0 otherwise write18 was not enabled when this manual was typeset The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 Graphics and color pdf IEX supports inclusion of pictures in png jpeg and pdf format a few differences between thes
21. wheat from the chaff and separate the sheep from the goats Protruding We thrive in information thick worlds because of our marvelous and everyday capacity to select edit sin gle out structure highlight group pair merge harmonize synthesize focus organize condense reduce boil down choose categorize catalog classify list abstract scan look into idealize isolate discriminate distinguish screen pigeonhole pick over sort integrate blend inspect filter lump skip smooth chunk average approximate cluster aggregate outline summarize itemize review dip into flip through browse glance into leaf through skim refine enumerate glean synopsize winnow the wheat from the chaff and separate the sheep from the goats We thrive in information thick worlds because of our marvelous and everyday capacity to select ed it single out structure highlight group pair merge harmonize synthesize focus organize condense re duce boil down choose categorize catalog clas sify list abstract scan look into idealize isolate discriminate distinguish screen pigeonhole pick Both over sort integrate blend inspect filter lump skip smooth chunk average approximate cluster ag gregate outline summarize itemize review dip in to flip through browse glance into leaf through skim refine enumerate glean synopsize winnow the wheat from the chaff and separate the sheep fro
22. you You accept the license if you copy modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permis sion under copyright law A Modified Version of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it either copied verbatim or with modifica tions and or translated into another language A Secondary Section is a named appendix or a front matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document s overall subject or to related matters and con tains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject Thus if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics The relation ship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters or of le gal commercial philosophical ethical or political position regarding them The Invariant Sections are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated as being those of Invariant Sections in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License If a section does not fit the above definition of Sec ondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant The Document may contain zero Invari ant Sections If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none The Cover Texts are certain short passages of text that
23. 00000000 65535 0000000342 00000 0000000228 00000 0000000015 00000 0000002296 00000 0000002384 00000 0000000410 00000 0000002441 00000 0000002490 00000 trailer lt lt Size 9 Root 70 R Info 80 R ID lt AA8E76D24E8056A065DC5D0A3435EE30 gt lt AA8E76D24E8056A065DC5D0A3435EE30 gt gt gt startxref 2694 EOF B 555 PPB BH The pdf TEX user manual The pdf TEX user manual H n Th Th nh Sebastian Rahtz Hans Hagen Hartmut Henkel Pawel Jackowski October 17 2005 Rev 1 622 The title page of this manual represents the plain TEX coded text Welcome to pdf TEX pdfoutput 1 pdf compresslevel 0 font tenrm ptmr8r tenrm Welcome to pdf TeX bye 1 1 The pdfTEX user manual Contents 1 Introduction nn 1 9 Character translation 37 2 About PDF uU ee as 2 10 Limitations of PDFIEX 38 3 Getting started nnn 3 4 Macro packages supporting PDFIEX 9 Abbreviations 0 00 c ee eee en 38 5 Setting up fonts 000 10 Examples of HZ and protruding 39 6 Formal syntax specification 14 Additional PDF keys nn 41 7 PDFTpX primitives 06 18 Colophon fo Mer nente ade de HON 41 8 Graphics and color 36 GNU Free Documentation License 42 Introduction The main purpose of the pdf IEX project is to create and maintain an extension of TEX that can produce pdf directly from IEX source fi
24. APDF 1 4 3 0 obj Length 156 gt gt stream BT F51 9 9626 Tf 91 9253 759 9271 Td W 80 elcome 250 to 250 pdfT TJ 67 8181 2 2416 Td E TJ 4 8418 2 2416 Ta X TJ 138 9241 654 7472 Td 1 TJ ET endstream endobj 2 0 obj lt lt Type Page Contents 30 R Resources 1 O0 R MediaBox 0 0 595 2756 841 8898 Parent 5 O R gt gt endobj 1 0 obj lt lt Font lt lt F51 4 0 R gt gt ProcSet PDF Text gt gt endobj 6 0 obj lt lt Type Encoding Differences 0 notdefi dotaccent fi fl fraction hungarumlaut Lslash 1slash ogonek ring10 notdef11 breve minus13 notdef14 Zcaron zcaron caron dotlessi dotlessj ff ffi ffl notequal infinity lessequal greaterequal partialdiff summation product pi grave quotesingle space exclam quotedbl numbersign dollar percent ampersand quoteright parenleft parenright asterisk plus comma hyphen period slash zero one two three four five six seven eight nine colon semicolon less equal greater question at A B C D E F G H I J K L M N 0 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z bracketleft backslash bracketright asciicircum underscore quoteleft a b c d e t g h i j k 1 m n o p q r s t u v w x y z braceleft bar braceright asciitilde 127 notdef128 Euro integral quotesinglbase florin quotedblbase ellipsis dagger daggerdbl circumflex perthousand Scaron guilsinglleft OE Omega radical approxequal144 notdef 147 quotedblleft quotedblright bullet en
25. ETAPOST graphic programming environment vector output MikTeX Win32 distribution MLIEX MLIEX extension to TEX mptopdf METAPOST to pdf conversion tool MSDos Microsoft DOS platform Intel pdf Portable Document Format pdfe TEX amp IpX extension producing pdf output pdfLATEX TEX extension producing pdf output TEX format loaded pdf TEX TEX extension producing pdf output 38 The pdfTEX user manual Perl Perl programming environment pge pdf Glyph Container pk Packed bitmap font png Portable Network Graphics PostScript PostScript PStoPDF PostScript to pdf converter on top of GhostScript rgb Red Green Blue color specification tex TEX Character Translation tds TEX Directory Standard teTEX TEX distribution for Unix based on Web2c TEX typographic language and program TpXexec ConTEXt command line interface Texinfo generate typeset documentation from info pages TEX Live TEX Live distribution multiple platform TpXutil ConTgXt utility tool tfm TEX Font Metrics Unix Unix platform url Uniform Resource Locator web literate programming environment Web2c official multi platform web environment Win32 Microsoft Windows platform Examples of HZ and protruding In the following sections we will demonstrate pdfT X s protruding and hz features using a text from E Tufte This sample text has a lot of punctuation and often needs hyphenation Former pdf IEX versions had sometimes problems with combining these features but f
26. ach character pair of general text as a hexadecimal number and returns an ascii character of this code The primitive has been introduced in pdf TEX 1 30 0 pdfmdf ivesum general text expandable This command expands to the md5 of general text in uppercase hexadecimal format same as pdfescapehex The primitive has been introduced in pdf TEX 1 30 0 Timekeeping pdfelapsedt ime read only integer The command expands to a number that represents the time elapsed from the moment of run start The elapsed time is returned in scaled seconds that means seconds divided by 65536 e g pdf IEX has run for 959623 scaled seconds when this paragraph was typeset Obviously the command will never return a value greater than the highest number available in TEX if the time exceeds 32767 seconds the constant value 2 1 will be returned The primitive has been introduced in pdf TEX 1 30 0 pdfresettimer The command resets the internal timer so that pdfelapsedtime starts returning micro time from 0 again The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 Random numbers pdfuniformdeviate number expandable The commands generates a uniformly distributed random integer value between 0 inclusive and num ber exclusive This primitive expands to a list of tokens The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfnormaldeviate expandable The commands generates a random integer value with a mean of 0 and
27. al TEX with dvi output is to be modified for use with pdf IEX it is very helpful to get some insight to what extent pdfTEX specific support is needed This info can be gathered e g by outputting the various special commands as message Simply type pdfoutput 1 let special message or if this leads to confusion pdfoutput 1 def special i write16 special 1 and see what happens As soon as one special message turns up one knows for sure that some kind of pdf TEX specific support is needed and often the message itself gives a indication of what is needed 5 1 The pdfTEX user manual Currently all mainstream macro packages offer pdf IEX support with automatic detection of pdf IFX as engine So there is normally no need to turn on pdf IEX support explicitly e For I TEX users Sebastian Rahtz and Heiko Oberdiek s hyperref package has substantial support for pdf IEX and provides access to most of its features In the simplest and most common case the user merely needs to load hyperref and all cross references will be converted to pdf hypertext links pdf output is automatically selected compression is turned on and the page size is set up correctly Bookmarks are created to match the table of contents e The standard TEX graphics graphicx and color packages also have automatic pdf IEX support which allow use of color text rotation and graphics inclusion commands e The ConTEXt macro package by Hans Hagen has very
28. always be given basename sets the base PostScript font name The basename field is checked against the BaseName entry of fonts coming with embedded pdf files If there is a match the font will be removed from the embedded file and a local font is opened which will contain the glyphs from the embedded file This collecting mechanism helps keeping the resulting pdf file size small if many files with similar fonts are to be embedded Therefore it is recommended always to set the basename field If a basename field is given also a fontfile field must be there unless the basename matches one of the 14 standard font names then the fontfile field is optional If the fontfile name is given this font will be embedded depending on flags see below If the fontfile name for a standard font is missing the font will be quietly left out which is fine as pdf viewers will later render the text with their own versions of the font fontflags specify some characteristics of the font The following description of these flags is taken with slight modification from the pdf Reference Manual the section on font descriptor flags Viewers can adapt their rendering to these flags especially when they substitute a replacements for not embedded fonts The value of the flags key in a font descriptor is a 32 bit integer that contains a collection of boolean attributes These attributes are true if the corresponding bit is set to 1 Table 3 specifies the meanings
29. and stretch number shrink number step number prespec pre pdfspecial spec pdfspecial id pdfspecial modifier balanced text pdfspecialid pdf PDF pdfspecial modifier direct A general text is expanded immediately like Nspecial in traditional TEX unless explicitly mentioned otherwise Some of the object and image related primitives can be prefixed by immediate More about that in the next sections PDFTEX primitives Here follows a short description of the primitives added by pdf IEX to the original TEX engine other extensions by MLIEX and encT X are not listed One way to learn more about how to use these new primitives is to have a look at the file samplepdf tex in the pdfTEX distribution Note that if the output is dvi then the pdf IEX specific dimension parameters are not used at all Howev er some pdfIEX integer parameters can affect the dvi as well as pdf output currently pdfoutput and pdfadjustspacing General warning many of these new primitives for example pdfdest and pdfoutline write their arguments directly to the pdf output file when producing pdf as pdf string constants This means that you or more likely the macros you write must escape characters as necessary namely and Otherwise an invalid pdf file may result The hyperref and Texinfo packages have code which may serve as a starting point for implementing this alt
30. and causes pdf IEX to treat the characters in general text as if they were used with font which means that the corresponding glyphs will be embedded into the font resources in the pdf output Nothing is appended to the list being built pdfuniqueresname integer When this primitive is assigned a positive number pdf resource names will be made reasonably unique by appending a random string consisting of six ascii characters pdfmapfile map spec This primitive is used for managing font map files to make them known to pdf IEX so that they can be read in If no pdfmapfile primitive is given the default map file pdftex map will be read in by pdf TEX Normally there is no need for the pdfTgxX user to bother about the pdfmapf ile primitive as the main TEX distributions provide nice helper tools that automatically assemble the default font map file One prominent tool example is the script updmap coming with te TEX 24 The pdfTEX user manual The operation mode of the pdfmapfile primitive is selected by a flag letter or omitted This flag defines how a map file is going to be handled and how a collision between an existing map entry and a newer one is resolved either ignoring a later entry or replacing or deleting an existing entry But in any case map entries of fonts already in use are kept untouched The companion primitive pdfmapline allows something similar only that a single map line for one font instead of a m
31. ap file name is given as argument Here are two examples pdfmapfile myfont map pdfmapline ptmri8r Times Italic lt 8r enc lt ptmri8a pfb The general map handling function is that map items which are either map file names or single font map lines in case of the pdfmapline primitive are put into an auxiliary list of pending map items During the next page shipout this list is processed and all pending map items are sequentially scanned for their map entries and an internal map entry database is updated using one of the modes described below Then the list of pending map items is cleared All pdfmapfile and pdfmapline commands can also be given after shipout of the first page If your map file isn t in the current directory or a standard system directory you will need to set the TEXFONTMAPS variable in Web2c or give an explicit path so that it will be found pdfmapfile foo map flags omitted clears the list of pending map items and starts a new list with the only pending file foo map When the file foo map is scanned duplicate map entries are ignored and a warning is issued When this command is given at the beginning of a TEX run the default map file pdftex map will not be read in This is compatible with the former behaviour If you want to add support for a new font through an additional font map file while keeping all the existing mappings don t use this version of command but instead type either pdfmapfile
32. are listed as Front Cover Texts or Back Cover Texts in the notice that says that the Doc ument is released under this License A Front Cover Text may be at most 5 words and a Back Cover Text may be at most 25 words A Transparent copy of the Document means a machine readable copy represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or for images composed of pixels generic paint pro grams or for drawings some widely available drawing editor and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a va riety of formats suitable for input to text format ters A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup or absence of markup has been arranged to thwart or discourage subse quent modification by readers is not Transparent An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text A copy that is not Transparent is called Opaque Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup Tex info input format LaTeX input format SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD and standard conforming simple HTML PostScript or pdf designed for human modification Exam ples of transparent image formats include PNG XCF and JPG Opaque formats include propri etary formats that can be read and edite
33. bute it with or without modifying it either commercially or noncommercially Secondarily this License preserves for the author and publish er a way to get credit for their work while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others This License is a kind of copyleft which means that derivative works of the document must them selves be free in the same sense It complements the GNU General Public License which is a copy left license designed for free software We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software because free soft ware needs free documentation a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does But this License is not limited to software manuals it can be used for any textual work regardless of subject mat ter or whether it is published as a printed book We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work in any medium that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License Such a notice grants a world wide royalty free license unlim ited in duration to use that work under the con ditions stated herein The Document below refers to any such manual or work Any member of the public is a licensee and is addressed as
34. csr10 is described in one of the map files then it will be treated as scalable As a result the font source for csr10 will be included only once for csr10 csr10 at 12pt etc So pdf TEX tries to do its best to avoid multiple downloading of identical font sources Thus vector pgc fonts should be specified as scalable Type 3 in map files like csr10 It doesn t hurt much if a scalable Type 3 font is not given in map files except that the font source will be downloaded multiple times for various sizes which causes a much larger pdf output On the other hand if a font in the map files is defined as scalable Type 3 font and its pgc source is not scalable or not available pdf IEX will use pk fonts instead the pdf output is still valid but some fonts may look ugly because of the scaled bitmap To summarize this rather confusing story we include a some example lines First we use two fonts from the 14 standard fonts with font specific encoding i e no external encoding is given In the first line the fontfile is missing so viewers will use their own font The ZapfDingbats font is taken from the given font file psyr Symbol pzdr ZapfDingbats lt pzdr pfb Similarly two standard fonts with an external encoding The lt preceding the encoding file name may be left out ptmr8r Times Roman lt 8r enc ptmri8r Times Italic lt 8r enc lt ptmri8a pfb A SlantFont is specified similarly as for dvips The SlantFont or ExtendFont entries work only wit
35. d in their titles Section numbers or the equivalent are not con sidered part of the section titles M Delete any section Entitled Endorsements Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version N Do not retitle any existing section to be Enti tled Endorsements or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section O Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers If the Modified Version includes new front matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant To do this add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version s license notice These ti tles must be distinct from any other section titles You may add a section Entitled Endorsements provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties for example statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front Cover Text and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back Cover Text to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version On ly one passage of Front Cover Text and one of Back Cover Text may be added by or through 43 arrangements made by any one entity If the Doc ument already includes a cover text for the same cover previ
36. d only by proprietary word processors SGML or XML for which the DTD and or processing tools are not generally available and the machine generated HTML PostScript or pdf produced by some word processors for output purposes only The Title Page means for a printed book the title page itself plus such following pages as are needed to hold legibly the material this License 42 requires to appear in the title page For works in formats which do not have any title page as such Title Page means the text near the most promi nent appearance of the work s title preceding the beginning of the body of the text A section Entitled XYZ means a named sub unit of the Document whose title either is precise ly XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses follow ing text that translates XYZ in another language Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below such as Acknowledgements Dedications Endorsements or History To Preserve the Title of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section Entitled XYZ according to this defini tion The Document may include Warranty Dis claimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document These Warran ty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License but only as regards dis claiming warranties any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have
37. dash emdash tilde trademark scaron guilsinglright oe Delta lozenge Ydieresis160 notdef161 exclamdown cent sterling currency yen brokenbar section dieresis copyright ordfeminine guillemotleft logicalnot hyphen registered macron degree plusminus twosuperior threesuperior acute mu paragraph periodcentered cedilla onesuperior ordmasculine guillemotright onequarter onehalf threequarters questiondown Agrave Aacute Acircumflex Atilde Adieresis Aring AE Ccedilla Egrave Eacute Ecircumflex Edieresis Igrave Iacute Icircumflex Idieresis Eth Ntilde Ograve Oacute Ocircumflex Otilde Odieresis multiply Oslash Ugrave Uacute Ucircumflex Udieresis Yacute Thorn germandbls agrave aacute acircumflex atilde adieresis aring ae ccedilla egrave eacute ecircumflex edieresis igrave iacute icircumflex idieresis eth ntilde ograve oacute ocircumflex otilde odieresis divide oslash ugrave uacute ucircumflex udieresis yacute thorn ydieresis gt gt endobj 4 0 obj lt lt Type Font Subtype Typel Encoding 6 0 R BaseFont Times Roman gt gt endobj 5 0 obj lt lt Type Pages Count 1 Kids 2 0 R gt gt endobj T 0 obj lt lt Type Catalog Pages 50 R gt gt endobj 8 0 obj lt lt Producer pdfeTeX 1 30 4 Creator TeX CreationDate D 20051017140613 02 00 PTEX Fullbanner This is pdfeTeX Version 3 141592 1 30 4 2 2 Web2C 7 5 5 kpathsea version 3 5 5 gt gt endobj xref 09 00
38. dfT X ships out a page The contents are added to the attributes of the current page pdfpageref page number expandable This primitive expands to the number of the page object that contains the dictionary for page page number If the page page number does not exist a warning will be issued a fresh unused pdf object will be generated and pdfpageref will expand to that object number E g if the dictionary for page 5 of the TEX document is contained in pdf object no 18 pdfpageref 5 expands to the number 18 Form XObjects The next three primitives support a pdf feature called object reuse in pdfIEX The idea is first to create a form XObject in pdf The content of this object corresponds to the content of a TEX box it can contain pictures and references to other form XObjects as well After creation the form XObject can be used multiple times by simply referring to its object number This feature can be useful for large documents with many similar elements as it can reduce the duplication of identical objects These commands behave similarly to pdfobj pdfrefobj and pdflastobj but instead of taking raw pdf code they handle text typeset by IEX pdfxform attr spec resources spec box number This command creates a form XObject corresponding to the contents of the box box number The box can contain other raw objects form XObjects or images as well It can however not contain annotations
39. dthread must end up in vboxes with the same nest ing level all vboxes between them will be added into the thread Note that during output runtime if there are other newly created boxes which have the same nesting level as the vbox vboxes containing pdfstartthread and pdfendthread they will be also added into the thread which is probably not what you want To avoid such unconsidered behaviour it s often enough to wrap boxes that shouldn t belong to the thread by a box to change their box nesting level pdfendthread This ends an article thread started before by pdfstartthread pdfthreadmargin dimension Specifies a margin to be added to the dimensions of a bead within an article thread Literals and specials pdfliteral direct general text Like special in normal TEX this command inserts raw pdf code into the output This allows support of color and text transformation This primitive is heavily used in the METAPOST inclusion macros Normally pdf TEX ends a text section in the pdf output and resets the transformation matrix before inserting general text however this can be turned off by giving the optional keyword direct This command appends a whatsit node to the list being built general text is expanded when the whatsit node is created and not when it is shipped out as with special special pdf text This is equivalent to pdfliteral text special pdf direct text This is equivalent to pdfliteral
40. e TERMINATION You may not copy modify sublicense or dis tribute the Document except as expressly provid ed for under this License Any other attempt to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Docu ment is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties 44 who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns See http www gnu org copyleft Each version of the License is given a distinguish ing version number If the Document specifies thata particular numbered version of this License or any later version applies to it you have the option of following the terms and conditions ei ther of that specified version or of any later ver sion that has been published not as a draft by the Free Software Foundation If the Document does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published not as a draft by the Free Software Foundation
41. e Mentioning a character code as the only number on a line has the sole purpose to flag this code printable remember that character within the range 32 126 are printable anyway The characters output into the pdf file e g by pdfliteral or special primitives are not subject to tcx output remapping Beware Character translation interferes with the encTpX primitives to avoid surprises don t use encTgX and tcx mapping at the same time Further details about tcx file loading can be found in the te TEX manual 10 Limitations of PDFTEX pdfTEX currently lacks a colorstack This can be overcome by the pdfcolmk package Abbreviations In this document we used a few abbreviations For convenience we mention their meaning here afm Adobe Font Metrics ascii American Standard Code for Information Interchange CMacTEX Macintosh Web2c distribution Con IEXt general purpose macro package dvi native IEX Device Independent file format encTpx encTEX extension to TEX eps Encapsulated PostScript epstopdf eps to pdf conversion tool TEX an extension to TEX exif Exchangeable Image File format JPEG file variant fp IEX Win32 Web2c distribution Ghostscript ps and pdf language interpreter hz Hermann Zapf optimization jpeg Joint Photographic Expert Group ETEX general purpose macro package MacOS X Macintosh operating system version 10 md5 MD5 message digest algorithm METRFONT graphic programming environment bitmap output M
42. e The actual text goes into bracket pairs so that it creates a PostScript string The numbers inbetween bracket pairs provide fine glyph positioning kerning When one analyzes a file produced by a less sophisticated typesetting engine whole sequences of words can be recognized In pdf 3 1 The pdfTEX user manual files generated by pdf IEX however the words comes out rather fragmented mainly because a lot of kerning takes place pdf viewers in search mode simply ignore the kerning information in these text streams When a document is searched the search engine reconstructs the text from these string snippets This one page example uses an Adobe Times Roman font This is one of the 14 so called standard fonts that are always present in the viewer application and therefore need not be embedded in the pdf file However when we use for instance Computer Modern Roman we have to make sure that this font is available and the best way to do this is to embed it Just let your eyes follow the object thread and see how a font is described The only thing removed from this example is the partially embedded glyph description file which for the 14 standard fonts is not needed In this simple file we don t specify in what way the file should be opened for instance full screen or clipped A closer look at the page object no 2 Type Page shows that a mediabox MediaBox is part of the page description A mediabox acts like the high resoluti
43. e 1 font verdana8r Verdana lt 8r enc lt verdana ttf TrueType fonts As mentioned above pdf IEX can work with TrueType fonts Defining TrueType fonts is similar to Type 1 The only extra thing to do with TrueType is to create a tfm file There is a program called ttf2afm in the pdf TEX distribution which can be used to extract afm from TrueType fonts another conversion program is ttf2pti Usage of ttf2afm is simple ttf2afm e encoding vector o lt afm outputfile gt ttf input file gt A TrueType file can be recognized by its suffix ttf The optional encoding specifies the encoding which is the same as the encoding vector used in map files for pdf IEX and dvips If the encoding is not given all the glyphs of the afm output will be mapped to notdef ttf2afm writes the output afm to standard output If we need to know which glyphs are available in the font we can run ttf2afm without encoding to get all glyph names The resulting afm file can be used to generate a tfm one by applying afm2t fm To use a new TrueType font the minimal steps may look like below We suppose that test map is used ttf2afm e 8r enc o times afm times ttf afm2tfm times afm T 8r enc echo times TimesNewRomanPSMT 8r enc times ttf gt gt test map There are a few limitations with TrueType fonts in comparison with Type 1 fonts a The special effects SlantFont ExtendFont cannot be used b To subset a TrueType font the font must be specified as
44. e are discussed below The most common technique with TEX the inclusion of eps figures is replaced by pdf inclusion eps files can be converted to pdf by Ghostscript Adobe Distiller or other PostScript to pdf converters The pdf format is currently the most versatile source format for graphics embedding pdf IEX allows to insert arbitrary pages from pdf files with their own fonts graphics and pixel images into a document The cover page of this manual is an example of such an insert being a one page document generated by pdf IEX By default pdfIgX takes the BoundingBox of a pdf file from its CropBox if available otherwise from its MediaBox This can be influenced by the pdf box spec option to the pdfximage primitive or by setting the pdfforcepagebox primitive to a value corresponding to the wanted box type To get the right BoundingBox from a eps file before converting to pdf it is necessary to transform the eps file so that the start point is at the 0 0 coordinate and the page size is set exactly corresponding to the BoundingBox A Perl script epstopdf for this purpose has been written The TEXutil utility script and the PStoPDF program that comes with Ghostscript can so a similar job Concerning this conversion they can handle complete directories remove some garbage from files takes precautions against duplicate conversion etc The lossless compressing png format is great for embedding crisp pixel graphics e g line sca
45. e form shown in the Addendum below G Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document s license notice H Include an unaltered copy of this License L Preserve the section Entitled History Pre serve its Title and add to it an item stating at least the title year new authors and publish er of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page If there is no section Entitled History in the Document create one stating the title year authors and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence J Preserve the network location if any given in the Document for public access to a Trans parent copy of the Document and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on These may be placed in the History section You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission K For any section Entitled Acknowledge ments or Dedications Preserve the Title of the section and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contrib utor acknowledgements and or dedications given therein L Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Docu ment unaltered in their text an
46. ec allows to decide which page of the document is to be included Starting from pdf IEX 1 11 one may also decide which pdf page box of the image is to be treated as a final bounding box If pdf box spec is present overrides default behaviour specified by pdfforcepagebox parameter Both options are irrelevant for non pdf inclusions Starting from pdfTpx 1 21 pdfximage command supports colorspace keyword followed by an object number user defined colorspace for the image being included This feature works for jpeg images only pngs are rgb palettes and pdf images have always self contained color space information pdfrefximage integer The image is kept in memory and will be written to the pdf output only when its number is referred to by pdfrefximage or Npdfximage is preceded by immediate Nothing is appended to the list being built pdfrefximage appends a whatsit node to the list being built When the whatsit node is searched at shipout time pdf IEX will write the image with number integer to the pdf output if it has not been written yet pdflastximage read only integer The number of the most recently created XObject image is accessible via pdflastximage pdflastximagepages read only integer This read only register returns the highest page number from a file previously accessed via the pdfximage command This is useful only for pdf files it always returns 1 for png or jpeg files pdfimageresolution integer The inte
47. ese outline vector fonts are to be preferred over bitmap pk fonts In most cases Type 1 fonts are used and this variable tells pdf IEX where to find them TTFFONTS Search path for TrueType font ttf files Like Type 1 fonts TrueType fonts are also outlines PKFONTS Search path for packed bitmap font pk files Unfortunately bitmap fonts are still displayed poorly by some pdf viewers so when possible one should use outline fonts When no outline is available pdf IEX tries to locate a suitable pk font or invoke a process that generates it The PDFTEX configuration One has to keep in mind that as opposed to TEX with its dvi output the pdfIEX program does not require a separate postprocessing stage to transform the TEX input into a pdf file As a consequence all data needed for building a ready pdf page must be available during the pdfTEX run in particular information on media dimensions and offsets graphics files for embedding and font information font files encodings When TEX builds a page it places items relative to the top left page corner the dvi reference point Separate dvi postprocessors allow specifying the paper size e g A4 or letter so that this reference point is moved to the correct position on the paper and the text ends up at the right place In pdf the paper dimensions are part of the page definition and pdf IEX therefore requires that they be defined at the beginning of the pdf IEX run
48. ext This primitive inserts the general text to the Font dictionary The text must conform to the specifications as laid down in the pdf Reference Manual otherwise the document can be invalid pdffontname font expandable In pdf files produced by pdf TEX one can recognize a font resource by the prefix F followed by a number for instance F12 or F54 For a given TEX font this primitive expands to the number from the corresponding font resource name E g if F12 corresponds to some TEX font foo the pdffontname foo expands to the number 12 In the current implementation when pdfuniqueresname see below is set to a positive value the pdffontname still returns only the number from the font resource name but not the appended random string pdffontobjnum font expandable This command is similar to pdffontname but it returns the pdf object number of the font dictionary instead of the number from the font resource name E g if the font dictionary Type Font in pdf object 3 corresponds to some TEX font foo the pdffontobjnum foo gives the number 3 Use of pdffontname and pdffontobjnum allows users full access to all the font resources used in the document pdffontsize font expandable This primitive expands to the font size of the given font with unit pt E g when using the plain TEX macro package the call pdffontsize tenrm expands to 10 Opt pdfincludechars font general text This comm
49. f then you can add something like pool_size 500000 e I can t find the format file pdftex fmt I can t find the format file pdflatex fmt The format file is not created see above how to do that or is not properly placed Make sure that TEXFORMATS in texmf cnf contains the path to pdftex fmt or pdflatex fmt The pdfTEX user manual e xx fmt was written by tex Fatal format file error I m stymied This appears e g if you forgot to regenerate the fmt files after installing a new version of the pdf IEX binary and pdftex pool The first line tells by which engine the offending format was generated e TEX POOL doesn t match TANGLE me again TEX POOL doesn t match TANGLE me again or fix the path This might appear if you forgot to install the proper pdftex pool when installing a new version of the pdfTpx binary E g under teTEX then run texconfig sys init e I can t find file pdftex ini lt gt pdftex ini This typically appears when you try to generate an extended format with the pdf IEX engine it does not know about the special asterisk notation Use the pdfe IEX engine instead e pdfIgX cannot find one or more map files map encoding vectors enc virtual fonts Type 1 fonts TrueType fonts or some image file Make sure that the required file exists and the corresponding variable in texmf cnf contains a path to the file See above which variables pdf IEX needs apart f
50. g is going badly you may stretch the glyphs in this font as much as 3 or shrink them by 2 Because pdfTgxX uses internal data structures with fixed widths each additional width also means an additional font For practical reasons pdfTEX uses discrete steps in this example 1 This means that for font somet fm up to 6 differently scaled alternatives may be used When no step is specified 0 5 steps are used Roughly spoken the trick is as follows Consider a text typeset in triple column mode When TEX cannot break a line in the appropriate way the unbreakable parts of the word will stick into the margin When pdf TEX notes this it will try to scale shrink the glyphs in that line using fixed steps until the line fits When lines are too spacy the opposite happens pdf TEX starts scaling stretching the glyphs until the white space gaps is acceptable This glyph stretching and shrinking is called font expansion 21 The pdfTEX user manual The additional expanded fonts get artificial names by adding the font expansion value to the tfmname of the base font e g sometfm 10 for 1 stretch or sometfm 15 for 1 5 shrink If the autoexpand option is not given tfm files with these names and appropriate dimensions must be available So each expanded variant of a font must have its own tfm file Expanded tfm names like sometfm 10 must not be mentioned in the map file but the tfm name of the base font without expansion must be there When n
51. g the installation When everything is set up you can test the installation In the distribution there is a plain TEX test file example tex Process this file by typing pdftex example If the installation is ok this run should produce a file called example pdf The file example tex is also a good place to look for how to use pdfTgx s primitives Common problems The most common problem with installations is that pdf IEX complains that something cannot be found In such cases make sure that TEXMFCNF is set correctly so pdf IEX can find texmf cnf The next best place to look edit is the file texmf cnf When still in deep trouble set KPATHSEA_DEBUG 255 before running pdf TEX or run pdf IEX with option k 255 This will cause pdf IEX to write a lot of debugging information that can be useful to trace problems More options can be found in the Web2c documentation Variables in texmf cnf can be overwritten by environment variables Here are some of the most common problems you can encounter when getting started e I can t read pdftex pool bad path TEXMFCNF is not set correctly and so pdf TEX cannot find texmf cnf or TEXPOOL in texmf cnf doesn t contain a path to the pool file pdftex pool or pdfetex pool when you use pdfeTEX e You have to increase POOLSIZE pdfIgX cannot find texmf cnf or the value of pool size specified in texmf cnf is not large enough and must be increased If pool size is not specified in texmf cn
52. ger pdf imageresolution parameter unit dots per inch dpi is a last resort value used only for bitmap jpeg png images but not for pdfs The priorities are as follows Often one image dimension width or height is stated explicitely in the TEX file Then the image is properly scaled so that the aspect ratio is kept If both image dimensions are given the image will be stretched accordingly whereby the aspect ratio might get distorted Only if no image dimension is given in the TEX file the image size will be calculated from its width and height in pixels using the x and y resolution values normally contained in the image file If one of these resolution values is missing or weird either lt 0 or gt 65535 the pdf imageresolution value will be used for both x and y resolution when calculating the image size And if the pdfimageresolution is zero finally a default resolution of 72 dpi would be taken The pdf imageresolution is read when pdf IEX creates an image via pdfximage The given value is clipped to the range 0 65535 dpi Currently this parameter is used particularily for calculating the dimensions of jpeg images in exif format unless at least one dimension is stated explicitely the resolution values coming with exif files are currently ignored pdfforcepagebox integer When pdf files are included the command pdfximage allows the selection of which pdf page box to use in the optional field image attr spec The intege
53. h embedded font files psyro 167 SlantFont usyr pfb pcrr8rn Courier 85 ExtendFont 8r enc lt pcrr8a pfb Partially download a font without re encoding pgsr8a GillSans pgsr8a pfb Download a font entirely without re encoding pgsr8a GillSans pgsr8a pfb Partially download a font with re encoding pgsr8r GillSans lt 8r enc pgsr8a pfb Entirely download a font with re encoding pgsr8r GillSans lt 8r enc lt lt pgsr8a pfb This is a text file containing a pdf Type 3 font created by METAPOST using some utilities by Hans Hagen In general pgc files can contain whatever is allowed in a pdf page description which may be used to support fonts that are not available in METRFONT pgc fonts are not widely useful as vector Type 3 fonts are not displayed very well in older versions of Acrobat Reader but may be more useful when better Type 3 font handling is more common 13 5 2 The pdfTEX user manual Sometimes we do not want to include a font but need to extract parameters from the font file and re encode the font as well This only works for fonts with Adobe Standard Encoding The font flags specify how such a font looks like so e g the Adobe Reader can generate a similar instance if the font resource is not available on the target system pgsr8r GillSans 32 8r enc pgsr8a pfb Do not embed the font only extract the font parameters pgsr8a GillSans pgsr8a pfb A TrueType font can be used in the same way as a Typ
54. he Cover Text requirement of section 3 is appli cable to these copies of the Document then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggre gate the Document s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification so you may distribute translations of the Docu The pdfTgX user manual ment under the terms of section 4 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires spe cial permission from their copyright holders but you may include translations of some or all Invari ant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections You may include a trans lation of this License and all the license notices in the Document and any Warranty Disclaimers provided that you also include the original En glish version of this License and the original ver sions of those notices and disclaimers In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer the original version will prevail If a section in the Document is Entitled Acknowl edgements Dedications or History the re quirement section 4 to Preserve its Title sec tion 1 will typically require changing the actual titl
55. herwise pdfxformname object number expandable In pdf files produced by pdfTEX one can recognize a form Xobject by the prefix Fm followed by a number for instance Fm2 For a given form XObject number this primitive expands to the number in the corre sponding form XObject name E g if Fm2 corresponds to some form XObject with object number 7 the pdfxformname7 expands to the number 2 The primitive has been introduced in pdfTgX 1 30 0 Graphics inclusion pdf provides a mechanism for embedding graphic and textual objects form XObjects In pdf IEX this mechanism is accessed by means of pdfxform Npdflastxform and Npdfrefxform A special kind of XObjects are bitmap graphics and for manipulating them similar commands are provided pdfximage rule spec attr spec page spec colorspace spec pdf box spec general text This command creates an image object The dimensions of the image can be controlled via rule spec The default values are zero for depth and running for height and width If all of them are given the image will be scaled to fit the specified values If some but not all are given the rest will be set to a value corresponding to the remaining ones so as to make the image size to yield the same proportion of width height depth as the original image size where depth is treated as zero If none are given then the image will take its natural size An image inserted at its natural
56. hotos it s not recommended for crisp images from synthetic sources with a limited amount of colors Other options for graphics in pdf TEX are L TgX picture mode Since this is implemented simply in terms of font characters it works in exactly the same way as usual Xy pic If the PostScript back end is not requested Xy pic uses its own Type 1 fonts and needs no special attention tpic The tpic special commands used in some macro packages can be redefined to produce literal pdf using some macros written by Hans Hagen METRPOST Although the output of METRPOST is PostScript it is in a highly simplified form and a METR POST to pdf conversion mptopdf written by Hans Hagen and Tanmoy Bhattacharya is implemented as a set of macros which reads METAPOST output and supports all of its features For new work the METAPOST route is highly recommended For the future Adobe has announced that they will define a specification for encapsulated pdf The inclusion of raw PostScript commands a technique utilized by for instance the pstricks package cannot directly be supported Although pdf is direct a descendant of PostScript it lacks any programming language commands and cannot deal with arbitrary PostScript Character translation Characters that are input to pdf IEX are subject to optional TEX character translation tcx under control of a tcx file The tcx maps the input character codes e g from input or read to
57. hough it will certainly need to be adapted to any particular situation Document setup pdfoutput integer This parameter specifies whether the output format should be dvi or pdf A positive value means pdf output otherwise default 0 one gets dvi output This primitive is the only one that must be set to produce pdf output unless the commandline option output format pdf is used all other primitives are optional This parameter cannot be specified after shipping out the first page In other words if we want pdf output we have to set pdfoutput before pdfTEX ships out the first page When pdf IEX starts complaining about specials one can be rather sure that a macro package is not aware of the pdf mode A simple way of making macros aware of pdfTEX in pdf or dvi mode is ifx pdfoutput undefined csname newcount endcsname pdfoutput fi ifcase pdfoutput DVI CODE else PDF CODE fi 18 The pdfTEX user manual Using the ifpdf sty file which works with both IZTEX and plain TEX is a cleaner way of doing this Historically the simple test ifx pdfoutput undefined was defined but nowadays the pdfTEX engine is used in distributions also for non pdf formats e g TEX so pdf output may be defined even when the output format is dvi pdfminorversion integer This primitive sets the pdf version of the generated file and the latest allowed pdf version of included pdfs E g pdfminorversion 3 tells pdfTEX to set the pdf version to 1
58. how the primitive pdfoutput is used to override the output mode set by file pdftexconfig tex The corresponding pdf TEX calls for format generation are pdfetex ini etex ini pdftex ini pdflatex ini These calls produce format files etex fmt and pdflatex fmt as the default format file name is taken from the input file name You can overrule this with the jobname option The asterisk in the first example line tells the pdfeTEX engine to go into extended ini mode otherwise it stays in non extended mode The pdfTEX engine can t be brought into extended mode at all it interprets an asterisk in front of a file name as part of the file name So if you want a pdfl TEX format with pdf output and e IEX extensions available format file pdfelatex fmt you would need to type e g pdfetex ini jobname pdfelatex pdflatex ini 3 7 3 8 The pdfTEX user manual In ConTgxXt the generation depends on the interface used A format using the English user interface is generated with pdfetex ini cont en When properly set up one can also use the ConTEXt command line interface TgXexec to generate one or more formats like texexec make en for an English format or texexec make en de for an English and German one Most users will simply say texexec make all alone and so generate the TEX and METAPOST related formats that ConTgXt needs Whatever macro package used the formats should be placed in the TEXFORMATS path Testin
59. imension This dimension parameter specifies the page width of the pdf output the screen the paper etc pdf IEX reads this parameter when it starts shipping out a page After magnification has been changed by the mag primitive check that this parameter reflects the wished true page width If the value is set to zero the page width is calculated as Wix being shipped out 2 X horigin hoffset When part of the page falls off the paper or screen you can be rather sure that this parameter is set wrong pdfpageheight dimension Similar to the previous item this dimension parameter specifies the page height of the pdf output If set to zero the page height will be calculated analogously to the above After magnification has been changed by the mag primitive check that this parameter reflects the wished true page height The document info and catalog pdfinfo general text This primitive allows the user to add information to the document info section if this information is provided it can be extracted e g by the pdfinfo program or by the Adobe Reader version 7 0 menu option File Document Properties The general text is a collection of key value pairs The key names are preceded by a and the values being strings are given between parentheses All keys are optional Possible keys are Author CreationDate defaults to current date including time zone info ModDate Creator defaults to TeX Producer default
60. ing integer 0 off pdfcompresslevel integer 9 best pdfdecimaldigits integer 4 max pdf imageresolution integer 72 dpi pdfpkresolution integer 0 72dpi pdf pkmode token reg empty mode set in mktex cnf pdfuniqueresname integer 0 pdfprotrudechars integer 0 pdfminorversion integer 4 pdf 1 4 pdfforcepagebox integer 0 pdfinclusionerrorlevel integer 0 pdfhorigin dimension 1in pdfvorigin dimension 1in pdf pagewidth dimension Opt pdfpageheight dimension Opt pdflinkmargin dimension 0 pt pdfdestmargin dimension 0 pt pdfthreadmargin dimension 0 pt pdfmapfile text pdftex map not dumped Table 2 The set of pdf IEX configuration parameters Set pdfTeX parameters for pdf mode replacing pdftex cfg file Thomas Esser 2004 public domain pdfoutput 1 pdfpagewidth 210 true mm pdfpageheight 297 true mm pdfpkresolution 600 endinput Figure 1 A typical configuration file pdftexconfig tex Independent of whether such a configuration file is read or not the first action in a pdfTgx run is that the program reads the global Web2c configuration file texmf cnf which is common to all programs in the web2C system This file mainly defines file search paths the memory layout e g pool and hash size and other general parameters 3 6 Creating format files The pdfTEX user manual Thomas Esser 1998 2004 public domain ifx pdfoutput undefined else ifx pdfoutput relax else inp
61. is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License VERBATIM COPYING You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium either commercially or noncommer cially provided that this License the copyright notices and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute However you may accept compensation in exchange for copies If you dis tribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3 You may also lend copies under the same condi tions stated above and you may publicly display copies COPYING IN QUANTITY If you publish printed copies or copies in me dia that commonly have printed covers of the Document numbering more than 100 and the Document s license notice requires Cover Texts you must enclose the copies in covers that carry clearly and legibly all these Cover Texts Front Cover Texts on the front cover and Back Cover Texts on the back cover Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally promi nent and visible You may add other material on the covers in addition Copying with changes limited t
62. ixel font generation The contents of this register is dumped into the format so one can optionally preset it e g in pdftexconfig tex The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfnoligatures font This diables all ligatures in the loaded font font The primitive has been introduced in pdf TEX 1 30 0 PDF objects pdfobj object type spec This command creates a raw pdf object that is written to the pdf fileas 1 O obj endobj The object is written to pdf output as provided by the user When object type spec is not given pdf IEX does not any longer create a dictionary object with contents general text as it was in the past When however object type spec is given as attr spec stream the object will be created as a stream with contents general text and additional attributes in attr spec When object type spec is given as attr spec file then the general text will be treated as a file name and its contents will be copied into the stream contents When object type spec is given as reserveobjnum just a new object number is reserved The num ber of the reserved object is accessible via pdflastobj The object can later be filled with contents by pdfobj useobjnum number balanced text But the reserved object number can already be be used before by other objects which provides a forward referencing mechanism 26 7 5 7 6 The pdfTEX user manual The object is kept in memory and wi
63. ke TEX magnification i e 1000 is the normal page view When zoom integer is given the zoom factor changes to 0 001 of the integer value otherwise the current zoom factor is kept unchanged The destination is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is searched at shipout time 31 gt 7 10 The pdfTEX user manual pdfstartlink rule spec attr spec action spec This primitive is used along with pdfendl ink and appends a whatsit node corresponding to the start of a hy perlink The whatsit node representing the end of the hyperlink is created by pdfendlink The dimensions of the link are handled in the similar way as in pdfannot Both pdfstartlink and pdfendlink must be in the same level of box nesting A hyperlink with running width can be multi line or even multi page in which case all horizontal boxes with the same nesting level as the boxes containing pdfstartlink and pdfendlink will be treated as part of the hyperlink The hyperlink is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is searched at shipout time Additional attributes which are explained in great detail in the pdf Reference Manual can be given via attr spec Typically the attributes specify the color and thickness of any border around the link Thus C 0 9 0 0 Border 0 0 2 specifies a color in rgb of dark red and a border thickness of 2 points While all graphics and text in a pdf document have relative positions an
64. l pdf file generated by pdf IEX with the corresponding source file on the next page Unless compression is enabled such a pdf file is rather verbose and readable The first line specifies the version used currently pdf IEX produces level 1 4 output by default pdf viewers are supposed to silently skip over all elements they cannot handle A pdf file consist of objects These objects can be recognized by their number and keywords 7 0 obj lt lt Type Catalog Pages 5 O R gt gt endobj Here 7 0 obj endobj is the object capsule The first number is the object number Later we will see that pdf TEX gives access to this number One can for instance create an object by using pdfobj after which pdflastobj returns the number So pdfobj Type Catalog Pages 5 O R inserts an object into the file while pdflastobj returns the number pdfTEX assigned to this object The sequence 5 0 Ris an object reference a pointer to another object no 5 The second number here a zero is currently not used in pdf TRX it is the version number of the object It is for instance used by pdf editors when they replace objects by new ones The version numbers permit a roll back An example of a graphic editor that uses pdf as storage format is the Adobe Illustrator In general this rather direct way of pushing objects in the files is not very useful and only makes sense when implementing say fill in field support or annotation content reuse We will come
65. les and improve enhance the result of TEX typesetting with the help of pdf When pdf output is not selected pdf IEX produces normal dvi output otherwise it generates pdf output that looks identical to the dvi output An important aspect of this project is to investigate alternative justification algorithms e g a font expansion algorithm akin to the hz micro typography algorithm by Prof Hermann Zapf optionally making use of multiple master fonts pdf TEX is based on the original TEX sources and Web2c and has been successfully compiled on Unix Win32 and MSDos systems It is under active development with new features trickling in Great care is taken to keep new pdfTEX versions backward compatible with earlier ones For some years there has been a moderate successor to TEX available called amp TgX Because mainstream macro packages such as IEX have started supporting this welcome extension pdf IEX also is available as pdfeTpX Although in this document we will speak of pdf TEX we advise users to use pdfe TEX when available That way they get the best of all worlds and are ready for the future Starting with TEX Live 2004 that future has arrived pdfeTEX is now the primary TEX engine Other extensions to pdf IEX are MLTRX and encTpX recent pdf IEX engines have these often included pdflIpX is maintained by H n Th Th nh Martin Schr der Hans Hagen Hartmut Henkel and others The pdfTEX homepage is http www pdftex org Plea
66. ll be written to the pdf output only when its number is referred to by pdfrefobj or when pdfobj is preceded by immediate Nothing is appended to the list being built The number of the most recently created object is accessible via pdflastobj pdflastobj read only integer This command returns the object number of the last object created by pdfobj pdfrefobj object number This command appends a whatsit node to the list being built When the whatsit node is searched at shipout time pdf IEX will write the object object number to the pdf output if it has not been written yet Page and pages objects pdfpagesattr tokens pdf IEX expands this token list when it finishes the pdf output and adds the resulting character stream to the root Pages object When defined these are applied to all pages in the document Some examples of attributes are MediaBox the rectangle specifying the natural size of the page CropBox the rectangle specifying the region of the page being displayed and printed and Rotate the number of degrees in multiples of 90 the page should be rotated clockwise when it is displayed or printed pdfpagesattr Rotate 90 rotate all pages by 90 degrees CropBox 0 0 612 792 the crop size of all pages in bp pdfpageattr tokens This is similar to pdfpagesattr but has priority over it It can be used to override any attribute given by pdfpagesattr for individual pages The token list is expanded when p
67. m the chaff and separate the sheep discriminate distinguish screen pigeonhole pick from the goats 39 The pdfTEX user manual HZ We thrive in information thick worlds because of our marvelous and everyday capacity to select edit single out structure highlight group pair merge harmonize synthesize focus organize condense reduce boil down choose categorize catalog classify list abstract scan look into idealize isolate discriminate distinguish screen pigeonhole pick over sort integrate blend inspect filter lump skip smooth chunk average approximate cluster aggregate outline summarize itemize review dip into flip through browse glance into leaf through skim refine enumerate glean synopsize winnow the wheat from the chaff and separate the sheep from the goats We thrive in information thick worlds because of over sort integrate blend inspect filter lump skip our marvelous and everyday capacity to select edit single out structure highlight group pair merge harmonize synthesize focus organize condense reduce boil down choose categorize catalog clas sify list abstract scan look into idealize isolate discriminate distinguish screen pigeonhole pick smooth chunk average approximate cluster ag gregate outline summarize itemize review dip into flip through browse glance into leaf through skim refine enumerate glean synopsize winnow the
68. m the goats We thrive in information thick worlds because of our marvelous and everyday capacity to select edit single out structure highlight group pair merge harmonize synthesize focus organize condense reduce boil down choose categorize catalog classify list abstract scan look into idealize isolate discriminate distinguish screen pigeonhole pick over sort integrate blend inspect filter lump skip smooth chunk average approximate cluster aggregate outline summarize itemize review dip into flip through browse glance into leaf through skim refine enumerate glean synopsize winnow the wheat from the chaff and separate the sheep from the goats We thrive in information thick worlds because of our marvelous and everyday capacity to select edit single out structure highlight group pair merge harmonize synthesize focus organize condense reduce boil down choose categorize catalog clas 40 sify list abstract scan look into idealize isolate discriminate distinguish screen pigeonhole pick over sort integrate blend inspect filter lump skip smooth chunk average approximate cluster ag gregate outline summarize itemize review dip The pdfTEX user manual into flip through browse glance into leaf through the wheat from the chaff and separate the sheep from skim refine enumerate glean synopsize winnow the goats Additional PDF keys This secti
69. mode tokens Expandable commands pdftexrevision expandable pdftexbanner expandable pdfcreationdate expandable pdfpageref page number expandable pdfxformname object number expandable pdffontname font expandable pdffontobjnum font expandable pdffontsize font expandable pdfincludechars font general text expandable 15 The pdfTEX user manual leftmarginkern box number expandable rightmarginkern box number expandable pdfescapestring general text expandable pdfescapename general text expandable pdfescapehex general text expandable pdfunescapehex general text expandable pdfuniformdeviate number expandable pdfnormaldeviate expandable pdfmdfivesum file general text expandable pdffilemoddate general text expandable pdffilesize general text expandable pdffiledump offset number length number general text expandable Read only integers pdftexversion read only integer pdflastobj read only integer pdflastxform read only integer pdflastximage read only integer pdflastximagepages read only integer pdflastannot read only integer pdflastxpos read only integer pdflastypos read only integer pdflastdemerits read only integer pdfelapsedtime read only integer pdfrandomseed read only integer pdfshellescape read only integer General commands pdfobj object type spec h v m pdfrefobj object
70. nnotation action specifications also multiplication items e g scaling factors are not affected and are always output with best precision This parameter is read when pdf IEX writes a real number to the pdf output When including huge METAPOST images using supp pdf tex one can limit the accuracy to two digits by typing twodigitMPoutput pdfhorigin dimension This parameter can be used to set the horizontal offset the output box from the top left corner of the page A value of 1 inch corresponds to the normal TEX offset This parameter is read when pdf IEX starts shipping out a page to the pdf output For standard purposes this parameter should always be kept at 1 true inch If you want to shift text on the page use TEX s own hoffset primitive To avoid surprises after global magnification has been changed by the mag primitive the pdfhorigin parameter should still be 1 true inch e g by typing pdfhorigin 1 true in after issuing the mag command Or you can preadjust the pdfhorigin value before typing mag so that its value after the mag command ends up at 1 true inch again pdfvorigin dimension This parameter is the vertical companion of pdfhorigin and the notes above regarding mag and true dimensions apply Also keep in mind that the TEX coordinate system starts in the top left corner downward while pdf coordinates start at the bottom left corner upward 19 7 2 The pdfTEX user manual pdfpagewidth d
71. notations have internally hard coded absolute positions Again this is for the sake of speed optimization The main disadvantage is that these annotations do not obey transformations issued by pdfliteral s The action spec specifies the action that should be performed when the hyperlink is activated while the user action spec performs a user defined action A typical use of the latter is to specify a url like S URI URI http www tug org ora named action like S Named N NextPage A goto action spec performs a GoTo action Here numid and nameid specify the destination identifier see below The page spec specifies the page number of the destination in this case the zoom factor is given by general text A destination can be performed in another pdf file by specifying file spec in which case newwindow spec specifies whether the file should be opened in a new window A file spec can be either a string ora dictionary The default behaviour of the newwindow spec depends on the browser setting A thread action spec performs an article thread reading The thread identifier is similar to the destination identifier A thread can be performed in another pdf file by specifying a file spec pdfendlink This primitive ends a link started with pdfstartlink All text between pdfstartlink and pdfendlink will be treated as part of this link pdfTEX may break the result across lines or pages in which case it will make
72. ns screen shots Since pdf TEX 1 30 0 also the alpha channel of png images is processed if available this allows embedding of images with simple transparency The png format does not support the CMYK color model which is sometimes required for print media this often can be replaced by four component jpeg in high quality or 36 The pdfTEX user manual lossless compression mode Photos in png format have a rather weak compression here the jpeg format is preferable Embedding png images in the general case requires pdf TEX to uncompress the pixel array and to re compress it to the pdf requirements this process often takes a noticeable amount of time Since pdf IEX 1 30 0 there is now a fast png embedding mode that goes without uncompressing the image data are directly copied into the pdf stream resulting in a much higher embedding speed However this mode is only activated if the image array structure of the png file is compatible with the pdf image structure e g an interlaced png image requires uncompressing to re arrange the image lines Luckily it seems that the most common png files also allow fast copying The use of gamma correction disables fast copying as it requires calculations with individual pixels Whether the fast copy mode is used for a png image can be seen from the log file which then shows the string PNG copy after the png file name The jpeg format is normally used in lossy mode then it s ideal for embedding p
73. o generate the so called font descriptor which is used by the pdf reader to simulate the font if needed This option is useful only when you do not want to embed the font i e to reduce the output size but wish to use the font metrics and let the pdf reader generate instances that look close to the used font in case the font resource is not installed on the system where the pdf output will be viewed or printed To use this feature the font flags must be specified and it must have the bit 6 set on which means that only fonts with the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set can be simulated The only exception is the case of a Symbolic font which is not very useful When one suffers from invalid lookups for instance when pdf IEX tries to open a pfa file instead of a pfb one one can add the suffix to the filename In this respect pdfIEX completely relies on the kpathsea libraries 12 The pdfTEX user manual If a used font is not present in the map files first pdf IEX will look for a source with suffix pgc which is a so called pgc source pdf Glyph Container If no pgc source is available pdf IX will try to use pk fonts as dvi drivers do creating pk fonts on the fly if needed Lines containing nothing apart from tfmname stand for scalable Type 3 fonts For scalable fonts as Type 1 TrueType and scalable Type 3 font all the fonts loaded from a tfm at various sizes will be included only once in the pdf output Thus if a font let s say
74. o tfm file can be found pdf IEX will try to generate it by executing the script nktextfm where available and supported The font expansion is greatly simplified if the autoexpand option is there Then no expanded tfm file versions are needed instead pdf IEX generates expanded copies of the unexpanded tfm data structures and keeps them in its memory pdf TEX requires only unexpanded Type 1 font files for font expansion from which all expanded font versions are internally generated and included subsetted into the pdf output file To enable font expansion don t forget to set pdfadjustspacing to a value greater than zero The font expansion mechanism is inspired by an optimization first introduced by Prof Hermann Zapf which in itself goes back to optimizations used in the early days of typesetting use different glyphs to optimize the grayness of a page So there are many slightly different a s e s etc For practical reasons pdf TEX does not use such huge glyph collections it uses horizontal scaling instead This is sub optimal and for many fonts possibly offensive to the design But when using pdf it s not illogical pdf viewers use so called Multiple Master fonts when no fonts are embedded and or can be found on the target system Such fonts are designed to adapt their design to the different scaling parameters It is up to the user to determine to what extent mixing slightly remastered fonts can be used without violating the design
75. o the covers as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these condi tions can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects If the required texts for either cover are too volu minous to fit legibly you should put the first ones listed as many as fit reasonably on the actual cover and continue the rest onto adjacent pages If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100 you must either include a machine readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer network loca tion from which the general network using pub lic has access to download using public standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document free of added material If you use the latter option you must take reasonably prudent steps when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy directly or through your agents or retailers of that edition to the public It is requested but not required that you con tact the authors of the Document well before re distributing any large number of copies to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document MODIFICATIONS You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
76. of the bits with bit 1 being the least significant Reserved bits must be set to zero bit position semantics 1 Fixed width font 2 Serif font 3 Symbolic font 4 Script font 5 Reserved 6 Uses the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set 7 Italic 8 16 Reserved 17 All cap font 18 Small cap font 19 Force bold at small text sizes 20 32 Reserved Table3 The meaning of flags in the font descriptor All characters in a fixed width font have the same width while characters in a proportional font have different widths Characters in a serif font have short strokes drawn at an angle on the top and bottom of character stems while sans serif fonts do not have such strokes A symbolic font contains symbols rather than letters and numbers Characters in a script font resemble cursive handwriting An all cap font which is typically used for display purposes such as titles or headlines contains no lowercase letters It differs from a small cap font in that characters in the latter while also capital letters have been sized and their proportions adjusted so that they have the same size and stroke weight as lowercase characters in the same typeface family 11 The pdfTEX user manual Bit 6 in the flags field indicates that the font s character set conforms to the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set or a subset of that and that it uses the standard names for those characters Finally bit 19 is used to determine whether or not bold characters
77. on bounding box in a PostScript file pdf TEX users can add dictionary stuff to page objects by the pdfpageattr primitive Although in most cases macro packages will shield users from these internals pdf IEX provides access to many of the entries described here either automatically by translating the TEX data structures into pdf ones or manually by pushing entries to the catalog page info or self created objects Those who after this introduction feel unsure how to proceed are advised to read on but skip section 7 Before we come to that section we will describe how to get started with pdf IEX Getting started This section describes the steps needed to get pdf TEX running on a system where pdf IEX is not yet installed Nowadays virtually all TEX distributions have pdfTEX as a component such as TEX Live te IEX fp TEX MikTeX and CMacTEX The ready to run TEX Live distribution comes with pdf IEX versions for many Unix Win32 and Mac OS X systems more information can be found at http www tug org tex live teTEX by Thomas Esser is a source distribution with an automated compilation process for Unix systems see http www tug org teTeX For Win32 systems there are also two separate distributions that contain pdf IEX both in ctan systems win32 fpTEX by Fabrice Popineau and MikTeX by Christian Schenk So when you use any of these distributions you don t need to bother with the pdf TEX installation procedure in the next sections
78. on is based on the manual on keys written by Martin Schr der one of the maintainers of pdf IEX A pdf document should contain only the structures and attributes defined in the pdf specification However the specification allows applications to insert additional keys provided they follow certain rules The most important rule is that developers have to register with Adobe prefixes for the keys they want to insert Hans Hagen has registered the prefix PTEX for pdfTpx pdf IEX generates an XObject for every included pdf The dictionary of this object contains these additional keys key type meaning PTEX FileName string The name of the included file as seen by pdf IEX PTEX InfoDict dictionary The document information dictionary of the included pdf an indirect ob ject PTEX PageNumber integer The page number of the included file The pdf reference manual says Although viewer applications can store custom metadata in the document information dictionary it is inappropriate to store private content or structural information there such information should be stored in the document catalog instead Although it would seem more natural to put this infomation in the document information dictionary we have to obey the rules laid down in the pdf reference The following key ends up in the document catalog key type meaning PTEX Fullbanner string The full version of the binary that produced the file as displayed by pdftex
79. ously added by you or by arrange ment made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of you may not add another but you may replace the old one on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one The author s and publisher s of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version COMBINING DOCUMENTS You may combine the Document with other doc uments released under this License under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions provided that you include in the com bination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents unmodified and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers The combined work need only contain one copy of this License and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents make the ti tle of each such section unique by adding at the end of it in parentheses the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known or else a unique number Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work In the combination you must combine any sec tions Entitled History in the various
80. r primitive pdfforcepagebox allows to globally override this choice by giving them one of the following values 1 media box 2 crop box 3 bleed box 4 trim box 29 7 8 The pdfTEX user manual and 5 artbox The command is available starting from pdfTgx 1 30 0 as a shortened synonym of obsolete pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox instruction pdfinclusionerrorlevel integer This controls the behaviour of pdfTEX when a pdf file is included that has a newer version than the one specified by this primitive If it is set to 0 pdfTEX gives only a warning if it s 1 pdf IEX raises an error The command has been introduced in pdfIEX 1 30 0 as a shortened synonym of pdfoptionpdfinclusionerrorlevel that is now obsolete pdfimagehicolor integer This primitive when set to 1 enables embedding of png images with 16 bit wide color channels at their full color resolution As such an embedding mode is defined only from pdf version 1 5 onwards the pdfimagehicolor functionality is automatically disabled in pdf IEX if pdfminorversion lt 5 then each 16 bit color channel is reduced to a width of 8 bit by stripping the lower 8 bits before embedding The same stripping happens when pdfimagehicolor is set to 0 For pdfminorversion gt 5 the default value of pdfimagehicolor is 1 If specified the parameter must appear before any data is written to the pdf output The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdfimageapplygamma
81. re encoded therefore an encoding vector must be given c TrueType fonts coming with embedded pdf files are kept untouched they are not replaced by local ones Formal syntax specification This section formally specifies the pdf IEX specific extensions to the TEX macro programming language All primitives are prefixed by pdf except for efcode lpcode rpcode leftmarginkern and rightmarginkern The general definitions and syntax rules follow after the list of primitives Integer registers pdfoutput integer pdfminorversion integer pdfcompresslevel integer 14 The pdfTEX user manual pdfdecimaldigits integer pdfimageresolution integer pdfpkresolution integer pdftracingfonts integer pdfuniqueresname integer pdfadjustspacing integer pdfprotrudechars integer efcode font 8 bit number integer lpcode font 8 bit number integer rpcode font 8 bit number integer pdfforcepagebox integer pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox integer pdfinclusionerrorlevel integer pdfoptionpdfinclusionerrorlevel integer pdfimagehicolor integer pdfimageapplygamma integer pdfgamma integer pdfimagegamma integer Dimen registers pdfhorigin dimen pdfvorigin dimen pdfpagewidth dimen pdfpageheight dimen pdflinkmargin dimen pdfdestmargin dimen pdfthreadmargin dimen Token registers pdfpagesattr tokens pdfpageattr tokens pdfpageresources tokens pdfpk
82. rn exists for the right margin The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 These are auxiliary primitives to make character protrusion more versatile When using the TEX primitive unhbox or unhcopy the margin kerns at either end of the unpackaged hbox will be removed e g to avoid weird effects if several hboxes are unpackaged behind each other into the same horizontal list These unhbox or unhcopy are often used together with vsplit for dis and re assembling of paragraphs e g to add line numbers Paragraphs treated like this do not show character protrusion by default as the margin kerns have been removed during the unpackaging process The leftmarginkern and rightmarginkern primitives allow to access the margin kerns and store them away before unpackaging the hbox E g the following code snipplet restores margin kerning of a horizontal list stored in box testline resulting in a hbox with proper margin kerning which is then done by ordinary kerns 23 The pdfTEX user manual dimen0 leftmarginkern testline dimen1 rightmarginkern testline hbox to hsize kern dimen0 unhcopy testline kern dimen1 rightmarginkern box number expandable The rightmarginkern box number primitive expands to the width of the margin kern at the right side of the horizontal list stored in box box number See leftmarginkern for more details The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdffontattr font general t
83. rom the ones TEX uses When you have installed new fonts and your pdf viewer complains about missing fonts you should take a look at the log file produced by pdf TEX Missing fonts map files encoding vectors as well as missing characters glyphs are reported there Normally the page content takes one object This means that one seldom finds more than a few hundred objects in a simple file This document for instance uses about 900 objects In demanding applications this number can grow quite rapidly especially when one uses a lot of widget annotations shared annotations or other shared things In these situations in texmf cnf one can enlarge pdf IEX s internal object table by adding a line in texmf cnf for instance obj tab size 400000 Macro packages supporting PDFTEX As pdfTEX generates the final pdf output without help of a postprocessor macro packages that take care of these pdf features have to be set up properly Typical tasks are handling color graphics hyperlink support threading font inclusion as well as page imposition and manipulation All these pdf specific tasks can be commanded by pdf IEX s own primitives a few also by a pdfTEX specific special pdf primitive Any other special commands like the ones defined for various dvi postprocessors are simply ignored by pdfIEX when in pdf output mode a warning is given only for non empty special commands When a macro package already written for classic
84. rom version 1 21a on it should be ok If you still encounter problems please try to prepare a small test file that demonstrates the problem and send it to one of the maintainers Normal We thrive in information thick worlds because of our marvelous and everyday capacity to select edit single out structure highlight group pair merge harmonize synthesize focus organize condense reduce boil down choose categorize catalog classify list abstract scan look into idealize isolate discriminate dis tinguish screen pigeonhole pick over sort integrate blend inspect filter lump skip smooth chunk av erage approximate cluster aggregate outline summarize itemize review dip into flip through browse glance into leaf through skim refine enumerate glean synopsize winnow the wheat from the chaff and separate the sheep from the goats We thrive in information thick worlds because of over sort integrate blend inspect filter lump our marvelous and everyday capacity to select edit skip smooth chunk average approximate cluster single out structure highlight group pair merge aggregate outline summarize itemize review dip harmonize synthesize focus organize condense into flip through browse glance into leaf through reduce boil down choose categorize catalog clas skim refine enumerate glean synopsize winnow sify list abstract scan look into idealize isolate the wheat fro
85. s to pdfTeX 1 30 4 or pdfeTeX 1 30 4 Title Subject and Keywords CreationDate and ModDate are expressed in the form D YYYYMMDDhhmmssTZ where YYYY is the year MM is the month DD is the day hh is the hour mm is the minutes ss is the seconds and TZ is an optional string denoting the time zone An example of this format is shown below For details please refer to the pdf Reference Multiple appearances of pdf info will be concatenated In general if a key is given more than once one may expect that the first appearance will be used Be aware however that this behaviour is viewer dependent Except expansion pdf IEX does not perform any further operations on general text provided by the user An example of the use of pdfinfo is pdfinfo Title example pdf Creator TeX Producer pdfeTeX 1 30 4 Author Tom and Jerry CreationDate D 20050428154343 01 00 ModDate D 20050428155343 01 00 Subject Example Keywords mouse cat pdfcatalog general text open action spec Similar to the document info section is the document catalog where keys are URI which provides the base url of the document and PageMode which determines how the pdf viewer displays the document on startup The possibilities for the latter are explained in Table 4 20 7 3 The pdfTEX user manual value meaning UseNone neither outline nor thumbnails visible UseOutlines outline visible UseTh
86. se send pdfTEX comments and bug reports to the mailing list pdftex tug org We thank all readers who send us corrections and suggestions We also wish to express the hope that pdf IEX will be of as much use to you as it is to us Since pdfTpx is still being improved and extended we suggest you to keep track of updates About this manual This manual revision 1 622 tries to keep track with the recent pdf IEX development up to version 1 30 4 Main text updates were done regarding the new configuration scheme font mapping and new or updated primitives The primary repository for the manual and its sources is at http sarovar org projects pdftex Copies in pdf format can also be found at the CTAN network in directory ctan systems pdftex Thanks to Karl Berry for proof reading and submitting a long changes list New errors might have slipped in afterwards by the editor Please send questions or suggestions by email to pdftex tug org 1 2 The pdfIgX user manual Legal Notice Copyright 1996 2005 H n Th Th nh Permission is granted to copy distribute and or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections no Front Cover Texts and no Back Cover Texts A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License About PDF The cover of this manual lists an almost minima
87. size often has a resolution of pdf imageresolution see below given in dots per inch in the output file but some images may contain data specifying the image resolution and in such a case the image will be scaled to the correct resolution The dimensions of an image can be accessed by enclosing the pdfrefximage command to a box and checking the dimensions of the box setbox0 hbox pdfximage somefile png pdfrefximage pdflastximage Now we can use Wd0 and ht0 to question the natural size of the image as determined by pdfTEX When dimensions are specified before the somefile png the graphic is scaled to fit these Note that unlike the e g input primitive the filename is supplied between braces 28 The pdfTEX user manual The image type is specified by the extension of the given file name png stands for png image jpg for jpeg and pdf for pdf file But once pdf IEX has opened the file it checks the file type first by looking to the magic number at the file start which gets precedence over the file name extension This gives a certain degree of fault tolerance if the file name extension is stated wrongly Similarly to pdfxform the optional text given by attr spec will be written as additional attributes of the image before other keys of the image dictionary One should be aware that slightly different type of PDF object is created while including png or jpeg bitmaps and pdf images While working with pdf image page sp
88. th character for which protrusion is activated rpcode font integer The amount that a character from a given font may shift into the right margin character protrusion is set by the primitive rpcode The protrusion distance is the integer value given to rpcode multiplied with 0 001 em from the current font The given integer value is clipped to the range 1000 1000 corresponding to a usable protrusion range of 1em 1em Example rpcode somef ont 200 rpcode somef ont 150 Here the comma may shift by 0 2 em into the margin and the hyphen by 0 15 em All these small bits and pieces will help pdf IEX to give you better paragraphs use rpcode judiciously don t overdo it Remark old versions of pdf TEX use the character width as measure This was changed to a proportion of the em width after Han Th Thanh finished his master s thesis lpcode font integer This is similar to rpcode but affects the amount by which characters may protrude into the left margin Also here the given integer value is clipped to the range 1000 1000 leftmarginkern box number expandable The leftmarginkern box number primitive expands to the width of the margin kern at the left side of the horizontal list stored in box box number The expansion string includes the unit pt E g when the left margin kern of box0 amounts to 10 pt leftmarginkern0 will expand to 10pt A similar primitive rightmarginke
89. the character codes as seen by pdf IEX This mapping takes place before the characters enter pdfTEX s mouth If no tcx file is read the input characters enter pdf IEX directly no mapping is done tcx files consist of lines each containing one or two integer numbers in the range 0 255 either in decimal or hex notation A comment sign in a tcx line starts a comment until the end of line The first number in each line is for matching the input character code the second optional number is the corresponding TEX character code If a line contains only one number characters with this code enter pdf TEX unchanged no mapping is done tex mapping also influences pdf TEX output streams for message and write Without tcx mapping only characters that are within the range 32 126 are flagged as printable meaning that these characters are output directly by message and Write primitives Characters outside the range 32 126 are instead output 37 The pdfTEX user manual in escaped form e g as A for a character with code 0x01 When a character code is mentioned in the 2nd column of the tcx file or as the only value in a line it is flagged as printable During message and write output characters are mapped in reverse direction they are looked up in the 2nd column of the tcx file and the corresponding values from the 1st column are output Again if a pdf IEX character code is found as the only number in a line no mapping is don
90. the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above provided that you release the Mod ified Version under precisely this License with the Modified Version filling the role of the Doc ument thus licensing distribution and modifica tion of the Modified Version to whoever possess es a copy of it In addition you must do these things in the Modified Version A Use in the Title Page and on the covers if any a title distinct from that of the Document and from those of previous versions which should if there were any be listed in the Histo ry section of the Document You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission B List on the Title Page as authors one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version together with at least five of the principal au thors of the Document all of its principal au thors if it has fewer than five unless they release you from this requirement C State on the Title page the name of the publish er of the Modified Version as the publisher D Preserve all the copyright notices of the Docu ment E Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices F Include immediately after the copyright no tices a license notice giving the public permis The pdfTgX user manual sion to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License in th
91. time pdflastannot read only integer This primitive returns the object number of the last annotation created by pdfannot These two primitives allow users to create any annotation that cannot be created by pdfstartlink see below Destinations and links The first type of annotation mentioned above is implemented by three primitives The first one is used to define a specific location as being referred to This location is tied to the page not the exact location on the page The main reason for this is that pdf maintains a dedicated list of these annotations and some more when optimized for the sole purpose of speed pdfdest dest spec This primitive appends a whatsit node which establishes a destination for links and bookmark outlines the link is identified by either a number or a symbolic name and the way the viewer is to display the page must be specified in dest type which must be one of those mentioned in table 5 keyword meaning fit fit the page in the window fith fit the width of the page fitv fit the height of the page fitb fit the Bounding Box of the page fitbh fit the width of Bounding Box of the page fitbv fit the height of Bounding Box of the page XYZ goto the current position see below Table 5 Options for display of outline and destinations The specification xyz can optionally be followed by zoom integer to provide a fixed zoom in The inte ger is processed li
92. tor is identical to that used by dvips If no encoding is specified the font s built in default encoding is used It may be omitted if you are sure that the font resource has the correct built in encoding In general this option is highly preferred and is required when subsetting a TrueType font fontfile sets the name of the font source file This must be a Type 1 or TrueType font file The font file name can be preceded by one or two special characters which says how the font file should be handled e Ifthe font file name is preceded by a lt the font file will be partially downloaded meaning that only used glyphs characters are embedded to the font This is the most common use and is strongly recommended for any font as it ensures the portability and reduces the size of the pdf output Partial fonts are included in such a way that name and cache clashes are minimized e Ifthe font file name is preceded by a double lt lt the font file will be included entirely all glyphs of the font are embedded including the ones that are not used in the document Apart from causing large size pdf output this option may cause troubles with TrueType fonts so it is not recommended It might be useful in case the font is atypical and can not be subsetted well by pdf IEX Beware some font vendors forbid full font inclusion e If nothing precedes the font file name the font file is read but nothing is embedded only the font parameters are extracted t
93. ts file spec general text xform attr spec attr spec resources spec image attr spec rule spec attr spec page spec colorspace spec pdf box spec outline spec attr spec action spec count number general text action spec user user action spec goto goto action spec thread thread action spec user action spec general text goto action spec numid file spec nameid file spec page spec general text file spec nameid newwindow spec file spec page spec general text newwindow spec thread action spec file spec numid file spec nameid open action spec openaction action spec colorspace spec colorspace number pdf box spec mediabox cropbox bleedbox trimbox artbox map spec map modifier balanced text map modifier gt numid num number nameid name general text newwindow spec newwindow nonewwindow dest spec numid dest type nameid dest type 17 7 1 The pdfTEX user manual dest type xyz zoom number fitr rule spec fitbh fitbv fitb fith fitv fit thread spec rule spec attr spec id spec id spec numid nameid file spec file general text page spec page number expand spec stretch shrink step autoexp
94. ue are assumed to have been created for a device with a gamma of 2 2 Experiments show that this default setting is correct for a large number of images however if your images come out too dark you probably want to set pdf imagegamma to a lower value like 1000 If specified the parameter must appear before any data is written to the pdf output The primitive has been introduced in pdf TEX 1 30 0 Annotations pdf 1 4 provides four basic kinds of annotations e hyperlinks general navigation e text clips notes 30 7 9 The pdfTEX user manual e movies e sound fragments The first type differs from the other three in that there is a designated area involved on which one can click or when moved over some action occurs pdfTgx is able to calculate this area as we will see later All annotations can be supported using the next two general annotation primitives pdfannot annot type spec This command appends a whatsit node corresponding to an annotation to the list being built The dimensions of the annotation can be controlled via the rule spec The default values are running for all width height and depth When an annotation is written out running dimensions will take the corresponding values from the box containing the whatsit node representing the annotation The general text is inserted as raw pdf code to the contents of annotation The annotation is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is searched at shipout
95. umbs thumbnails visible FullScreen full screen mode Table 4 Supported PageMode values In full screen mode there is no menu bar window controls nor any other window present The default setting is UseNone The openaction is the action provided when opening the document and is specified in the same way as internal links see section 7 9 Instead of using this method one can also write the open action directly into the catalog pdfnames general text This primitive inserts the general text to the Names array The text must conform to the specifications as laid down in the pdf Reference Manual otherwise the document can be invalid pdftrailer general text This command puts its argument text verbatim into the file trailer dictionary The primitive has been introduced in pdf TeX 1 11a Fonts pdfpkresolution integer This integer parameter specifies the default resolution of embedded pk fonts and is read when pdf IEX downloads a pk font during finishing the pdf output As bitmap fonts are still rendered poorly by some pdf viewers it is best to use Type 1 fonts when available pdffontexpand font stretch shrink step autoexpand This extension to TEX s font definitions controls a pdfTEX automatism called font expansion We describe this by an example font somefont sometfm at 10pt pdffontexpand somefont 30 20 10 autoexpand pdfadjustspacing 2 The 30 20 10 means this hey TEX when line breakin
96. ut pdftexconfig pdf out put 0 fi fi input etex src dump endinput Figure 2 File etex ini for e IEX format with dvi output ifx pdfoutput undef ined else ifx pdfoutput relax else input pdftexconfig pdfoutput 1 fi fi scrollmode input latex 1tx endinput Figure 3 File pdflatex ini for I TEX format with pdf output Both pdfIEX and pdfeTEX engines allow building formats for dvi and pdf output in the same way as the classical TEX engine does for dvi Format generation is enabled by the ini option The default mode dvi or pdf can be chosen either on the command line by setting the option output format to dvi or pdf or by setting the pdf output parameter The format file then inherits this setting so that a later call to pdf IEX with this format starts in the preselected mode which still can be overrun then A format file can be read in only by the engine that has generated it a format incompatible with an engine leads to a fatal error Often the pdf IEX program is a mere link to the pdfe TEX engine then also a pdf IEX call generates an extended format It is customary to package the configuration and macro file input into a ini file E g the file etex ini in figure 2 is for generating an e TEX format with dvi output it contains a few comparisons to be safe also for TEX engines A similar file pdflatex ini can be used for generating a TEX format with pdf output refer to figure 3 One can see
97. ve has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 pdffiledump offset number length number general text expandable Expands to the dump of the file general text in uppercase hexadecimal format same as pdfescapehex starting at offset number or 0 with length number if given The first ten bytes of the source of this manual are 2520696E746572666163 The primitive has been introduced in pdf IEX 1 30 0 Miscellaneous vadjust pre spec filler vertical mode material The vadjust implementation of pdf IEX adds an optional qualifier pre spec which is the string pre to the original TEX primitive with the same name As long as there is no pre given vad just behaves exactly as the original see the TEXbook p 281 it appends an adjustment item created from vertical mode material to the current list after the line in which vadjust appears However with the qualifier pre the adjustment item is put before the line in which vadjust pre appears pdfsavepos This primitive marks the current absolute x y position on the media with the reference point in the lower left corner It is active only during page shipout when the page is finally assembled The position coordinates can then be retrieved by the pdflastxpos and pdflastypos primitives and e g written out to some auxiliary file The coordinates can be used only after the current shipout has been finalized therefore normally two pdfT X runs are required
98. within a given font as a factor to the expansion setting from the pdffontexpand primitive The syntax is similar to sf code but with the font required and it defaults to 1000 meaning 100 expand ability The given integer value is clipped to the range 0 1000 corresponding to a usable expandability range of 0 100 Example ef codeNsomefont A 2800 ef code somef ont 020 22 The pdfIgx user manual Here an A may stretch or shrink only by 80 of the current expansion value for that font and expansion for the O is disabled The actual expansion is still bound to the steps as defined by pdffontexpand primitive otherwise one would end up with more possible font inclusions than would be comfortable pdfprotrudechars integer Yet another way of optimizing paragraph breaking is to let certain characters move into the margin character protrusion When pdfprotrudechars 1 the glyphs qualified as such will make this move when applica ble without changing the line breaking When pdfprotrudechars 2 or greater character protrusion will be taken into account while considering breakpoints so line breaking might be changed This qualification and the amount of shift are set by the primitives rpcode and lpcode Character protrusion is disabled when pdfprotrudechars 0 or negative If you want to protrude some item other than a character e g a hbox you can do so by padding the item with an invisible zero wid
99. wn in table 1 used for texmf cnf output files TEXMFOUTPUT input files images TEXINPUTS format files TEXFORMATS text pool files TEXPOOL encoding files ENCFONTS font map files TEXFONTMAPS tfm files TFMFONTS virtual fonts VFFONTS typel fonts T1FONTS TrueType fonts TTFONTS pixel fonts PKFONTS Table 1 The Web2c variables 3 5 The pdfTEX user manual TEXMFOUTPUT Normally pdf IEX puts its output files in the current directory If any output file cannot be opened there it tries to open it in the directory specified in the environment variable TEXMFOUTPUT There is no default value for that variable For example if you type pdfetex paper and the current directory is not writable if TEXMFOUTPUT has the value tmp pdf IEX attempts to create tmp paper log and tmp paper pdf if any output is produced TEXINPUTS This variable specifies where pdf IEX finds its input files Image files are considered input files and searched for along this path TEXFORMATS Search path for format fmt files TEXPOOL Search path for pool pool files ENCFONTS Search path for encoding enc files TEXFONTMAPS Search path for font map map files TFMFONTS Search path for font metric tfm files VFFONTS Search path for virtual font vf files Virtual fonts are fonts made up of other fonts Because pdf IEX produces the final output code it must consult those files T1FONTS Search path for Type 1 font files pfa and pfb Th

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