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Helios Ethershare 2.6

1. 411 PostScript comments c cccceesceeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeseaeeeteeeeees 399 PPD prepa A 130 pretix atalk conf enee egens 396 Print Server restarting eect 363 Print Server See also papsrv printcap UNIX examlple etie ente eo itte iode e A 2 llagss dieti ode eoe det rede uie REA 386 printcap example easan aa aan iaaa a EE aa ANE Eaa 380 Printer INIT exitserver Operator eese enn etnia A 61 Interface Sros accosti naona io 470 ee HUT LCE A 56 Network connections ssssseeeeneennm nnn 37 status channel moseas cec eee A Ae eter ete tectus 372 Status messages EE 490 printers atalk COMP ii ett tete idv die e Era tp ds 398 Printing to a hold error queue atalk conf esssssss 397 Printing to disk ice tcn ence Ede e Fea 395 Private volume near a EA E nennen nnn nnne 304 Private volumes on EtherShare File Server s 325 PrnAdm OOND eere tee en eie a ei ER ER ener 31 prnadmgroup admsrv sese nenne 421 Process list Checking the process list ccccccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeneeeees 61 ProcSet Queries ai a e a aa nennen 399 protected admi WEE 420 Protocol Bie A 131 ps UNIX commande 61 DE eaactete tetto em rd terae Im I ACE 352 355 error messag6eS eder etre regen ee terne ege enano xxn i 492 PSOP Zone ig eege degens ed ets 352 353 error me
2. sesm 281 IT atalk el EE 257 ignorefontresolveopt atalk conf sseeee 375 ignoreincluderesolveopt atalk conf A 375 ignoreopiresolveopt atalk conf see 375 ignoreprocsetresolveopt atalk conf sssesesssss 375 ignoreresolveopts atalk conf sseee 374 Installation Checking the installation with atechoping 64 Checking the installation with poll sess 70 Checking the installation with vpoll sesssssss 67 Checking the process list after installation 61 Checking the RPC list after installation 62 Installing Admin Time Server HELIOS Mail Terminal 74 Installing EtherShare updates sess 79 Installing other HELIOS products sssssssss 41 Installing the EtherShare UNIX software from CD ROM 46 Installing the EtherShare UNIX software from tape 58 Licensing EtherShare during installation 53 System requirements sse 36 Uninstalling EtherShare See Delete 77 Updating from version 2 2 or older to 2 5 44 Using the EtherShare Client Installer 73 Interfa
3. ipmrPrinters lw H Printer Name wm S Spool Directory usr localspool lw Hold Queue hold sl Error Queue error zl O Banner Page O Hide Queue bd Accounting File O Require Authentication Connection AppleTalk Type Name LaserWriter Pro 638 Fig 60 Data for AppleTalk connected printer Iw on host ibm If any of the entries in Zone Name is displayed in italics this indicates that this zone or device is currently not reach able You should make sure that the desired printer is con nected and online Choose Serial from the Connection box figure 61 for PostScript printers that are connected directly to the UNIX host via a serial interface 146 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list EI jbm Printers epson B Chooser Name Epson spoorer Spool Directory usr spool epson Hold Queue None Error Queue None zl O Banner Page M Hide Queue B4 Accounting File O Require Authentication Baud Rate 2488 E Device dev ttya Fig 61 Data for serially connected printer epson on host ibm In this case it is necessary to specify the correct Baud Rate for data transfer to the printer The Device field is used to enter the designation of the host serial port to which the printer is connected e g dev ttya The device must al ready exist on the host the EtherShare Admin checks for a valid ch
4. sesessssss 43 Download PostScript fonts sssssssssseeeee 359 Driver DO Si piri or EE A 128 Driver AppleTalk Availability EE 41 dsiblocksize atalk conf sse 277 dsitickletime atalk conf eee 278 dt chgrp command sse 316 A 112 dt chmod commande 316 A 109 dt CHOWN commande 316 A 111 CU COMIMAING MEER A 93 GLCP Command Be t A 98 dt iddump Commande A 104 dt idinfo Commande A 113 dt Is commiand uere e eee erede de da A 104 dt mkdir commande 316 A 107 dt mv Commande A 96 e l t command 33 tte A 94 dt rmdir commande A 95 dt set command EE A 100 dt touch command eiecerunt e thiet A 108 dt upd commande A 108 dump UNIX wie tte leis t eec de eie ane A 51 E Easy Install EtherShare Client Installer 74 entity atalk conf vasi irasai na EnaA EEN nnns 379 Error Messages oaa EE E A E EAE 457 Ethernet Characterization iere kii e eee o et renean 25 Broad LT A 128 Network topology EE 27 EtherShare Definitions iore tert She ee RD teams EE este idee ot A 128 Functional modules of the EtherShare software 14 New features of program version 2 5 sess 29 Supported printers sssssssssseeseeeenn 37 Supported UNIX platforms ssssseeeenene 36 EtherShare Admin Active Users Lists menu eeeem 170 Ch
5. 64 Available storage space on volumes with EtherShare 326 B EI ue 352 356 Balancing print job loads atalk conf ssseesssssss 398 Banner iioi Rio DEUM RDUM 353 bannerfirst atalk conf essen nne 374 bannerlast atalk conf esseeeene e 374 bannerstring ccce ee tiet e nee de dote Le dienes 446 Base license MISSO BEE 459 BITE site ENEE 434 binonly atalk conf recorrentes arinaa aE enn nnns 285 BSD slo EET 149 printing KEE 149 366 BSD style loo commande A 67 C oslo ake le c 445 CD ROM vol tmes 5 5 irn ce rtt i ee ptas 338 Change Access privileges for files and directories 23 PASS WOM WEE 294 PasswWOIGS EE 265 chargebanner atalk conf seeeeenne 373 charset MacRoman AFP volumes A 304 chgrp UNIX General explanation sessssssssessseeennene 23 chmod UNIX General explanation sessssssssseseeeeeennen 23 Chooser Change password button ssssseen 265 prn pcm HEP A 128 chown UNIX General explanation sess 23 Client Brun mL A 128 clientmessages atalk conf sssssssssseee 374 compression atalik Coni cserepet e ERKA ne 397 Configuration Administration Server sese 416 as network router ssssssssssssseeseereee enne A 17 Configurin
6. File Edit Lists BIOG Help Rebuild Desktop Empty Trash eds pU RR EtherShare Preflight conversion amp EtherShare Applications ICC Profiles Si OPI Test S i Programme Fig 53 Mounting a CD ROM 5 EtherShare Admin 5 9 Volume menu 135 Preflight con A volume s character set encoding may be converted ac version cording to the procedure described in 5 8 Volumes list Changing volume data Before saving the changes you can have a preview by choosing Preflight conversion from the Volume menu Then a convert log file see figure 54 will be displayed showing the directories files which will be re named CharConv convert log Fig 54 convert log file 136 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list gt 5 10 Printers list The Printers list shows all printer queues known to Ether Share see figure 55 The Administration Server automati cally creates this list by inspecting the contents of the printcap file and the EtherShare main configuration file atalk conf If the Printers list is not already open choose Printers from the Lists menu File Edit EGG Printer Help ead ibm Printers E EH Volumes B color Printers amp error Fonts hold Active Users B iw Printer Log File gt By 1w8500 Server Log File gt B printpreview System Messages printtodisk Versio
7. Select one or more zones 5 entries Fig 5 Settings for a network check that includes all devices 68 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation To start the network search proceed to the ok button us ing the TAB key and then press ENTER You will get a device list like that shown in figure 6 All de vices of the zone HELIOS II are listed they are sorted by name The device list includes the network number Net the node number Node the socket number Sckt and the Name Type and Zone of the respective device Usually any combination of Net Node and sckt should be unique It is possible however that a combination ap pears several times in that case the zones are different cc 1997 HELIOS Software i poll Version 1 1 t Node Sckt Name Ti Zone 143 243 ans MailServer HELIOS II 143 253 ans RFPServer HELIOS II 143 231 ans RdminServer HELIOS II 143 248 ans color sp LaserMriter HELIOS II 246 ans lw8500 s LaserMriter HELIOS II 245 ans PrintToD LaserWri ter HELIOS II 253 aviion RFPServer HELIOS II 251 aviion AdminServer HELIOS II 249 aviion HailServer HELIOS II 242 aviion UNIXTerminal HELIOS II 248 aviion TimeServer HELIOS II 238 aviion lw LaserMWr i ter HELIOS II 253 ibm AdminServer HELIOS II 251 ibm AFPServer HELIOS II 249 ibm Mai I Server HELIOS II 245 ibm UNIXTerminal HELIOS II EE DII al lulu 148 entries Fig 6
8. EtherShare Installation Menu The machine ID of this computer is 00205420 63 1 Install programs and configuration files 2 Install and configure AppleTalk kernel modules 3 Enter activation key to license HELIOS programs Create a demo user Configure AppleTalk network numbers Display README file Quit Your choice 2 2 No kernel generation necessary on this system Important You must select item 2 even though a kernel rebuild may not be required on all platforms The script will verify this and will behave accordingly 52 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure The script will have to perform configuration and adminis trative tasks for a successful installation So this part of the installation may be different for different platforms In case the installation program installs a new kernel it will inform you about the steps it will take The program will fi nally come up with the prompt Ok to install new kernel y If your answer to this question is n for no you will have to copy the kernel manually to the directory Please note that after a kernel rebuild you will have to re boot the system after installation The installation script will inform you about this as well Now you have to license your HELIOS product Select Enter activation key to license Helios programs from the EtherShare Installation Menu EtherShare Installation Menu The
9. ibm Active Users Server Time Comment er AdminServer sam sam ronald D er support MailServer support PCShare nobody UNIXTerminal support UNIXTerminal ronald AF er Please enter your message Color printer is not available today Fig 83 Sending a message to several EtherShare users Important The Message To All option in the Message menu lets you send a message to all current users It is how ever available to root and members of the SysAdm group only Such messages can also be sent from the UNIX server using the UNIX afpmsg program For more information read the afpmsg chapter in your UNIX manual 5 13 3 Printer Log File The printer log file shows print job accounting details for the selected host such as job status printer name user name document name starting date time duration of job number of printed pages and printer fonts used The job status can be V no info and ok 9 extended info and ok or extended info and error 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 173 The messages file that belongs to each entry in the log file contains even more information e g the total number of bytes printed and whether you have printed composite or separations If you are working with EtherShare OPI 2 1 the printer log messages file also provides information about image replacement This information is especially useful for print jobs in
10. Fig 132 Notification of a new mail In order to read the mail you have to start the HELIOS Mail program The init does not need to poll the network to do its job This minimizes network loading a factor which can be come significant in large networks In order to work the Mail Notification Feature activated by the HELIOS Mail Init in the Extensions Manager folder has to know for whom a particular mail item is des tined i e your user name The init you receive on your HELIOS CD ROM must be activated before it will work You activate the init by logging on to the Mail Server with HELIOS Mail as described earlier and checking the 6 HELIOS Mail 6 10 Mail Notification Feature 235 Save name box and optionally the Save password box in the login window see figure 133 The init will then be active the next time you start your Macintosh If you only checked Save name the init will always show a login box when starting the system to let you enter your password see figure 133 again Connect to mail server ans HELIOS Il as User Name det Password eocece 3 Save name L Save password Fig 133 Login box of Mail Notification Feature If you have checked Save password too the init will make the connection to the Mail Server automatically and no login box will appear In either case having logged in with the init you will not have to log
11. Fig 50 Rebuilding a volume desktop Do you really want to D rebuild the desktop on volume OPI Test Ce Fig 51 Confirming the Rebuild Desktop process 5 EtherShare Admin 5 9 Volume menu 131 Empty Trash Important You cannot rebuild read only volumes in this case Rebuild Desktop in the Volume menu will be grayed out The Read Only option can be temporarily un checked for hard drives and magneto optic cartridges to allow the desktop to be rebuilt See chapter 10 2 The Desktop Server Program for related information Note You can optionally select several volumes and thus re build several desktops at the same time During an EtherShare desktop rebuild missing resources for directories and files are automatically created for all di rectories in the EtherShare volume and file IDs are created or verified if a matching resource file already exists AppleShare volumes with readwrite access this in cludes both local Macintosh hard disks and EtherShare server volumes contain a special invisible folder called the trash folder which is used internally by the operating system It is used to store files that you have deleted until you choose to empty the trash and thus delete the files phys ically In the case of network shared volumes the trash folder actually contains multiple trash cans which are main tained separately for each user connection Unlike local volumes if you
12. eem 327 utf8 AFP volumes arcieri iir iiaia ener 304 EN ene Le ue EE 269 V volcheckinterval atalk conf ssenenee 278 volstatinterval atalk conf ssnn 278 Volume create under UNIX eicit r a iee eea aE ERE t 317 duplicate names sirrien rire EEA eene 305 Trash tolder icti eere te e eee 131 without groups orire eenia AT nennen 327 Volume desktop Location dE EHI EE 268 Viel 302 Volume size limits o oo cece erani aa aa aaier avea Er AAKA oy 306 Volumes maximum number of volumes seeeeeen 306 volumes atalk conf eskri ei EnA EEEE 377 vpoll Checking the installation with vpoll sssssesss 67 General description of HELIOS vpoll ss 65 user interface of HELIOS vpoll sesese 66 Val EE 446 VT320 Tool Installation RE 75 W watchtime atalk conf esses ene 372 welcome message eesseseseeeeee nennen enne trennt nenne 288 Workstation DefinitiOri eee tete etie De e dee A 132 writesize atalk conf sessssssssssseeeemnnnn 391 X xterlog atalk conf 22 ore pe tret Rutan elds 280 Y Yellow pages sssssemRRee 106 109 193 419 Z Zone Detten e EENS EE EEN A 132 ZOnernalTiG cerise Eed usd eara eebe does same oe de ele mune tec ee 444 zonename admsrtv caion aein eire eE EETA E P Enin E E nennen nnns 418 zonename afps
13. 2 Using the manual 2 Using the manual 2 Using the manual 2 1 Conventions 2 1 Conventions Note that our update information files and TechInfo files are also part of our documentation They may contain de tails about our products that have not yet made it into the manuals So make it a habit to read the update info texts whenever you install updates and to read the TechInfos regularly For that purpose check the folders UPDATES and SUPPORT on the current CD ROM or the support section on our Web site www helios de Do always read the product specific README files on your current CD ROM You can access these files e g dur ing software installation see figure 2 in chapter 4 4 For full scale information on all our products you may check the manuals directory on the CD ROM It contains all manuals data sheets and brochures of our products in PDF format 2 1 1 Structure This manual contains five main parts namely O installation of EtherShare 2 6 on server and clients O description of the Macintosh software modules administration of EtherShare on a Macintosh client and usage of the Macintosh programs Helios Mail and He lios Terminal O description of the server software modules usage and configuration of the different EtherShare programs on the server O technical support 2 Using the manual 2 1 Conventions O additional information appendices including descrip tion of the
14. H E LI OS User manual EtherShare Version 2 6 User manual April 03 2000 Copyright information 0 2 Copyright information Copyright 2000 HELIOS Software GmbH HELIOS All rights reserved This software and the accompanying documentation are subject to copyright You may not modify adapt translate reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the software orcreate derivative works based on it without prior writ ten consent of HELIOS Software HELIOS Software does not give any guarantees or make any warranty or represen tation regarding this software and documentation its cor rectness accuracy reliability currentness or otherwise Neither HELIOS nor anyone else who has been involved in the creation production or delivery of this product shall be liable for any direct indirect consequential or incidental damages including loss of business profits business inter ruption loss of business information and suchlike arising from the use or inability to use the product HELIOS Software GmbH Steinriede 3 D 30827 Garbsen Germany Internet www helios de Copyright information 0 3 The program HELIOS Terminal uses the Macintosh Com munications Toolbox and the VT320 Terminal Emulation from the Apple Computer Inc the use of which requires stating the following conditions Apple Computer Inc Apple makes no warranties ex press or implied including without limitation the imp
15. The default for zonename is i e the zone of the first in terface entry in atalk conf Several names in a row sepa rated by a comma are optional e g admsrv zone marketing zone support zone developer localwinsize maxlpackets maxlpackets specifies the maximum number of data pack ets that are passed from mailsrv to workstations through the network during a transaction The number of packets may need to be limited if the buffer size in the workstations is too small maxipackets can be varied to optimize the data transfer rate The default and maximum for maxlpackets is 8 remotewinsize maxrpackets maxrpackets specifies the maximum number of data pack ets that are passed from workstations to mailsrv through the network during a transaction The number of packets may need to be limited if the buffer size in the UNIX host is too small maxrpackets can be varied to optimize the data transfer rate The default and maximum for maxrpackets is 8 spooldir spooldirectory spooldirectory is the directory to which all incoming mail is spooled Outgoing mail is not spooled since it is passed directly to the UNIX mail system 434 14 The Mail Server 14 3 Parameters of the mailen program mailinterval biff The default for spooldirectory is var spool mail or var mail depending on your UNIX operating system mailinterval seconds seconds gives the interval in seconds with whi
16. ssssssssseeeneneeneneren nennen nnne enses 327 groupwriteisowner atalk conf sene 287 ICD Eee c EE 298 guestid atalk conf enne 284 H HELIOS Contents of the software package ssssssss 0 6 Example of an Activation Key Reply form 0 9 HELIOS company address sse 0 2 License information essseeeeeeenn enn 0 6 HELIOS Mail Activating the Mail Notification Init sseseessss 234 Addresses menu sese 229 Attached files in incoming mails sees 214 Attaching a file to a mail document s es 219 Ei e TE e EE 198 Configuring the connection sssssseeee 208 Deleting incoming mails sene 215 Forwarding a mail seen 227 General explanation sss 18 Incoming mail windOw eeeeennenm n 212 Installation iei ete eer tet dicere Dae 74 Erala kole oro cS 4 edad dc et A AT pease 209 Preferences General Automatic login riean pi aaia 202 Background windows active seseeesssssss 202 Don t use Navigation Dialogs 203 Language esci e a Re dd e Pee 203 Preferences Header Full Smart No Header ssssssseesess 206 Preferences Inbox Font EE 207 IONOS RE E 207 Preferences Insert Gre Tore Pa TE 204 SIGNAUE oani n
17. 024 700416 42832 60732 34516 26080 024 26268 024 58948 80562 333366 122506 17256 0 1024 334058 17268 323974 50114 45914 0 459992 5267 320 1550 17368 341990 45605 35913 168660 11252 38 103 122 10 63 3087 35206 Sep Dec ar ar ar ar Sep ar Sep ar ar ar ar ar Sep Sep ar ar ar ar ar Sep ar Sep Sep Sep ar ar ar ar ar ar Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Mar Mar eo BO BONO PROPOS M 4 4 QC 4S NO PO PONO PO BBN PO PO PO PO Ab h h IN OPNS o D E a a bs dS ds 0 46 5 00 999 999 999 999 0 46 999 05 5 999 999 999 999 999 0 47 0 46 999 999 999 999 999 0 47 0 47 0 47 999 999 999 999 999 999 DER 47 47 DER 56 47 47 CO OO OO oO CO 999 999 lib locktable lpc lpd lpq lpr lprdevdir lprm macapps machid mailsrv papif papsrv poll printer acct psfonts psif psof psresolve pstext rebuild server acct shmif start atalk stmp stop atalk swho tcpif termsrv timesrv vpoll zones addressbook afpipaccess afpvolumes atalk conf ethershare license servers suffixes AppleDict md 68 0 AppleDict md 70 0 A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory A 13 etce total 738 rw r r rWXI Xr X LW CREE CEWADRNTOX rWXI Xr X rWXIrI Xr X rWXI Xr X de Wake TED ESAE rWXI Xr X rWXI Xr X LW HREM rWXI Xr X LWW REE rWXIr Xr X rWXI Xr X geg
18. Deleting groups SESDIR conf afppasswd has been corrupted in this way the UNIX logon procedure only checks the etc passwd file On deleting the additional character the user is enabled again Groups are deleted by removing the corresponding entry line from etc group Before deleting the group make sure that no users have been assigned this group as their pri mary group Otherwise it will no longer be possible for them to log on to the system since the primary group is no longer available Also make sure that the group is not used for the Volume groups list of any of the volumes 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes 301 Public volumes 9 6 Public and private volumes A volume a Macintosh file system can be stored both on a floppy disk or on a hard disk A hard disk can also be subdi vided into several volumes i e several separate file sys tems The file system used by Macintosh computers is called HFS Hierarchical File System or HFS respectively The UNIX File System UFS is able to use storage capac ity which is available through the network remotely in an other computer NFS mounted volume Network File System Such remote storage can also be used by Ether Share This allows any computer which supports UFS e g many computers running a UNIX variant to store volumes for an AppleTalk network Under EtherShare the UNIX file system can be treated like an Apple hard
19. O poll has a limited buffer only 3 to 4 pages of infor mation can be displayed at a time for large networks you may need to use wildcards to limit the range of ser vices which are polled For example poll Laser lists all services whose type starts with Laser The represents this zone the zone you are currently a member of poll may display entities multiple times depending on the route an echo took this is normal The following example shows the responses you may get when using the poll program cd usr local es poll 20 168 2 690c0d3e EtherShare 20 143 253 ans AFPServer 20 143 238 printpreview SpoolerLaserWriter 20 143 245 ans PrintToDisk SpoolerLaserWriter 20 143 246 ans 1w8500 spoolerLaserWriter 20 143 248 ans color spoolerLaserWriter 20 143 243 ans MailServer 20 143 2 0025f98a EtherShare 20 143 221 ans TimeServer 20 143 221 ans TimeServer 20 128 2 DEMO 002614cb EtherShare be 20 251 2 DEMO 00205420 EtherShare 41 142 251 HELIOS EtherShare PublicAFPServer 41 142 253 proxy AdminServer E 20 143 229 ans UNIXTerminal 20 143 231 ans AdminServer x 20 196 2 6906eae9 EtherShare e 20 241 2 807delb8 EtherShare 20 145 2 807delad EtherShare 20 211 2 2bbf260c EtherShare 7 20 230 2 7758302e EtherShare 2 20 144 2 726041aa EtherShare 20 249 2 80024a74 EtherShare 20 250 2 56010ee6 EtherShare 20 229 2 2be5ffb7 EtherShare ri 20 141 2 0c027a2 f
20. This parameter cannot be specified with the EtherShare Ad min you need to manually edit the atalk conf file filtercmd path path specifies the path including file name of a custom filter program which is called as follows path Pprintername spoolfile 11 The Print Server 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program 369 publish groups The filtercmd program can then process the file which is not resolved as required The output file should appear un der the same name spoolfile given in the argument papsrv will wait until the custom filter program has fin ished before processing the job further Compared to the filter parameter iltercmd can be used for example to add a header e g a PostScript init or a trailer to the file without having to process the whole file Use filter in stead if you need to parse the entire file e g for font names or job information There is no default for path filtercmd may be used in conjunction with the standard EtherShare interface programs This parameter cannot be specified with the EtherShare Ad min you need to manually edit the atalk conf file The no publish switch can be used to have a queue ap pear or not in the chooser If the switch is set to nopublish the respective printer queue will not be appearing in the chooser However it can still be seen and configured in the EtherShare Admin To set this flag to nopublish tick the checkbox Hide
21. sssssesss 431 14 3 Parameters of the mailsrv program 432 14 4 The POP3 Server sse 438 The Terminal Server esee 441 15 1 General remarks sss 442 15 2 The Terminal Server Program seeen 443 15 3 Parameters of termsrv program sss 444 The Time Server aade aeaaaee aaa adanan inadai dr eoo diniin 447 Contents 17 Technical support eere 449 17 1 Support options sssssssseeeeennn 450 17 2 Keys and updates een 454 17 3 Error Messages sse 457 17 3 1 license error messages sssss 457 17 3 2 generic error messages s 459 17 3 3 atalkd error MESSAGES cirese 460 17 3 4 afpsrv error messages sesssss 465 17 3 5 papsrv error messages sssss 468 17 3 6 Termen mailsrv and admsrv error messages eee cisterna ann 470 17 3 7 Printer interface errors and status messages 470 17 3 8 Messages shared by all printer interfaces 471 17 3 9 balanceif error messages sss 487 17 3 10 diskif error messages seeen 488 17 3 11 papif error messages ssssssss 490 17 3 12 psof error messages usus 492 17 3 13 psif error messages sssse
22. tors it is not intended for normal use A 9 7 7 Using dt for backup restore One main purpose of the dt utilities is to avoid problems when restoring data from a backup device Here we de scribe how you should use the dt utilities for backup re store purposes You may backup your data as usual directly from your vol ume Please make sure that the hidden rsrc directories are included To prevent backup of incomplete data in files make sure that the files folders to be backed up will not be manipulated from other Macintosh or UNIX applications Only if you intend to do a complete backup and restore of an EtherShare volume you might include the Desktop file For the period of time you need to backup and restore this volume EtherShare must be stopped with stop atalk Important Do never restore your data directly into the destination volume Please create a restore directory on the same device parti tion where the destination volume resides e g if you in tend to restore files into data mypics create a directory data restore This restore directory must not be de fined as a volume or mounted Now restore your data using your usual restore procedure into this newly created directory restore Make sure that you do not restore the Desktop and DeskServer files A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 7 Additional information A 121 Important Do never remove these
23. Deleting users gt When typing in the user name a suggested home directory is automatically filled into the corresponding field The de fault suggestion can be changed if required A new user is entered in the server s Users list as soon as you click on Save If the user data window is closed with out saving the new user entry is discarded On saving the new user a new entry with the corresponding user data is made in the etc passwd file The user ID will be assigned automatically If groups were specified these are entered in etc group If yellow pages NIS is in stalled the information are changed in the appropriate yel low pages files instead Note that if NIS is installed on your system user and group data cannot be configured with the EtherShare Admin application Note EtherShare with the exception of Helios Terminal will allow you to log in either with your user name or with your full name Note The AIX operating system e g does not like user and group names longer than 8 characters but the Ether Share Admin does not check for this If you use longer names you will receive various UNIX error messages You may not be able to make a UNIX shell login if your login name is too long or one of your group names is too long but you can still log on to the File Server We recommend to use user and group names of up to 8 characters only A user can be deleted from the host as follo
24. For creating a template use the items File New and New Template from the HELIOS Mail menu see figure 122 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail 225 Once you have edited the text you can save the template fa vorably to the same folder where HELIOS Mail is located using Save as All templates that are stored in the same folder than HELIOS Mail will be added to the submenu as shown in figure 122 and can be opened by selecting the respective item You can also create text files with a word processing application and use them as templates They will also be available in the submenu after you have moved them to the folder where HELIOS Mail resides Setting up a If you want to send a mail to a specific person you can open reply mail a new mail or reply to a mail you have received from him her In that case sending a reply mail is much more com fortable because the new editing window already includes the correct address as well as a complete Subject line that starts with Re indicating the reply mail status gt To send a reply mail highlight the mail you have received in the Incoming mail window or open it and then select Reply from the Mail menu See figure 123 as an example for a reply mail ans Incoming det St No Date From Subject B 1 27 12 1996 HELIOS Software Support Re interface 2 ans Incoming Newsletter First H From pascal helios de Fri Jul 11 09 54
25. Size Date Time Fig 79 Moving jobs between printers hold and Iw Interpreting Hold queues are updated according to the watchtime pa the hold time rameter in the configuration file atalk conf By default in a hold this is every 30 seconds However the remaining hold time which is displayed in the headline of the printer job window is not updated that regularly The list below shows when and how often the counter in a hold queue is changed queue s job window Remaining hold time Counter changes every 1 day 60 minutes 1 hour 10 minutes 168 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 5 13 1 Fonts list Fonts in the Lists menu shows PostScript printer fonts which have been installed on the host with the EtherShare Admin They are available to all printer queues on that host The EtherShare Admin gets the print server s fonts list from the file ESDIR psfonts FontDirectory The window title shows the host name and Fonts see fig ure 80 Do not confuse this window with Show Fonts in the Printer menu which displays the list of resident fonts for the selected printer You can double click on the font name to inspect the man ufacturer s coded font header see figure 80 File Edit Lists Help ibm Fonts ibm Helvetica A Courier A Courier Bold A Helvetica RIPS AdobeFont 1 0 Helvetica 001 006 A Courier Boldoblig SCre
26. dress book File Edit YEN Addresses Windows Hel Send Send with Receipt 3eD Reply 3R Reply including Letter Reply including Template gt To Copy to Blind Copy to Forward to Edit and Forward Attach File Clear Attachment Fig 118 Selecting an addressee Select a mail address Heinrich H Edvard Grieg Holger T Henner L Mark S Rolf H Pascal B Promo GmbH heinrich helios de solveigepeergynt com holgerehelios de hennerehelios de mark ehelios de rolf ehelios de pascalehelios de infoepromo de cs CR Fig 119 Address book Note You can enter several addressees at a time in the To Ce and Bcc line The addresses have to be sep arated by a comma Each line is limited to 255 charac ters 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail 219 gt You can enter a subject in the Subject line to allow the addressee to quickly find out what the mail is about Use Option Tab to toggle between the To and Subject line and further lines in the header gt Write your message using the normal Macintosh editing keys If you change the current window size the text will automatically re wrap to the new size The Macintosh does not save Line Feed characters at the end of each line of your message If you want to preserve the layout of messages sent to UNIX users choose a suit able current window size and pre
27. tcpif Print jobs received by the Print Server from a workstation on the network are processed and queued before being sent to the PAP printer through the network again Due to print job spooling it is more efficient to drive AppleTalk printers through the Print Server rather than ac cessing them directly from the workstations Accordingly users should select the printer queue in the Chooser and not the printer it is connected to We recommend that you select a Chooser name for the queue which shows which printer it drives and also indicates that it is a queue and not a printer For example add spooler to the printer s name papif forms the link between lpr and PAP printers psif is the interface program for PostScript printers which are connected directly to the UNIX host via a serial RS232C interface Due to slow data transfer rates we nor mally do not recommend serially connected printers for use with Desktop Publishing applications psif forms the link between lpr and serially connected printers tcpif is the interface program for PostScript printers that support the TCP IP stream protocol It is also used for print ers which are connected with the Remote LPR protocol TCP IP stream printers must be compatible with the Ether Share TCP IP stream implementation contact your printer manufacturer or HELIOS supplier if you are not sure about this TCP IP stream has significant advantages ov
28. 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 383 8 bit transparency If the printer needs several alternative logical names they can be specified manually on the first line of the Jetc printcap entry separated by the I character for ex ample Laserl lw ps PostScript Note that all logical UNIX printer names must be unique on each host the names must not include spaces 11 6 3 Serial PostScript connections Serially connected PostScript printers do not have a net work identification They are uniquely addressed by the host s physical RS232 serial or V24 port specified in the etc printcap file The interface program for serially connected PostScript printers is the psif program see 11 3 The Print Server Programs psif is called by the UNIX system program Ipd and extracts additional configuration information from the etc printcap file by using the logical UNIX printer name received from lpr as the key psif then ini tializes the hardware parameters for the serial interface ac cordingly The Print Server requires 8 bit no parity and hardware handshake please see 8 bit transparency below for more details Many Macintosh applications need an 8 bit transparent communications channel to the printer particularly if you print PostScript files which include binary bitmap data If you connect a printer via RS 232 as well as making sure that etc pri
29. Configure AppleTalk network numbers Display README file Quit 0 010 NIDO Your choice 4 4 Ok to add a demo user named macuser and a demo group macusers y gt Select a home directory for the demo user as shown below Please select the home directory for the demo user Home directory for user macuser data macuser Created group macusers for Macintosh users The test user macuser has now been created This user has no password at present This user should be deleted as soon as you have created real users for example by using the EtherShare Admin program gt When you see the EtherShare Installation Menu again choose 5 to configure the network connections by setting up the atalkd entry in the main EtherShare configuration file atalk conf 56 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure If your EtherShare host has a single network interface only you will get the following message when you select Configure AppleTalk network numbers This system has only one network interface installed thus there is no need to configure any network numbers Else if your host has more than one network interface the AppleTalk Network Setup Program netconf will be start ed automatically It will by default show Automatic con figuration for every network interface You can at this stage press ENTER and then quit netconf In some cas es
30. Desktop utilities O a glossary of network related terms 2 1 2 Font and syntax conventions Some font and syntax conventions are used in this manual Their meanings and uses are explained below The italics style is used for words of particular importance The courier font indicates text that appears on your mon itor if you are working on a UNIX platform It is also used for UNIX commands you have to enter The Chicago font indicates menu items folder and button names on your Macintosh computer Cross references to side heads appear in Helvetica bold The arrow gt in the left margin characterizes direct in structions to the user e g gt Select EtherShare from the Networking Products Installer CD ROM menu Note Notes give details that might be useful as additional in formation They can also contain a reference to other chapters where additional information can be found Important These paragraphs should be read carefully They are supposed to help you avoid problems and save time 10 2 Using the manual 3 Introduction 11 3 Introduction 12 3 Introduction 3 1 General considerations 3 1 General considerations This chapter discusses basic features of an AppleTalk net work and introduces the EtherShare network software The modules that make up EtherShare are explained and hard ware considerations when setting up a network are dis cussed Note The chap
31. New LanTest The EtherShare 2 6 software package contains the HELIOS version LanTest version 2 5 This LanTest software is able to mea sure transfer rates during printing and lets you switch be tween two different file sizes namely 3 MB recommended for testing standard Ethernet networks and 30 MB recom mended for testing FastEthernet or FDDI networks Desktop The HELIOS Desktop utilities allow to manipulate Macin utilities tosh files under Unix in a way that Macintosh resource in formation are left intact The main UNIX commands for handling files incl rm mv cp Is mkdir touch chmod chown and chgrp are enhanced by these utilities Thus the utilities will turn out to be a helpful tool for system integrators experienced EtherShare users and developers See appendix A 9 The Desktop utilities for more details 34 3 Introduction 4 Installation 35 4 Installation 4 Installation 36 4 1 System requirements 4 1 System requirements The following list gives details about the hardware and soft ware you need for successfully working with EtherShare 2 6 as released on HELIOS CD 015 Network O Ethernet Fast Ethernet Token Ring or FDDI depen dent on the system platform Server O One of the following UNIX systems computer SunSPARC Solaris 2 x SunOS 5 5 1 to 5 7 O O O O 0 O IBM RS 6000 AIX 4 1 5 to 4 3 HP UX 11 0 Silicon Graphics
32. is an explanatory error message PPAPRead failed s An error occured while reading data from a PAP connected printer was in progress s is an explanatory error mes sage PPAPWrite failed s An error occured while writing data to a PAP connected printer was in progress s is an explanatory error mes sage 17 Technical support 492 17 3 Error Messages PPAPNetworkinfo failed s An error occured while retrieving network address of a PAP connected printer s is an explanatory error message PPAPStatus failed s An error occured while gathering status information from a PAP connected printer Oe is an explanatory error mes sage Cannot open file from string m A UNIX system call failed while creating a file stream from a string buffer 17 3 12 psof error messages The following error message is issued by the psof printer output filter Cannot open banner file Ge m The bannerfile s cannot be opened for reading This in dicates the failure of a UNIX system call 17 3 13 psif error messages The following error messages are issued by the psif print er interface program Cannot set non blocking mode to serial line m A UNIX system call failed while setting the serial line into a non blocking mode 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 493 Cannot get attention of printer The printer cannot be accessed Writing to printer failed m A UNI
33. lf usr spool Laser2 Laser2 10g This example configures a PostScript printer for direct con nection to the serial interface of a Sun workstation 386 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually The first line in the above example specifies the printer s logical name Laser2 This is the name that must be in cluded in the parameter list for papsrv printer Laser2 in order to be able to assign the physical printer to the ap propriate printer queue The two character flags in subsequent entries of the exam ple characterize specific features of the printer The follow ing list summarizes the parameters used Please refer to your UNIX system documentation for full details or read on the HELIOS CD ROM the online documentation manuals lprman pdf lp printer device br baud rate rw read write fc flag clear fs flag set xc local mode clear XS local mode set if interface program of output filter sh suppress headers du daemon user mx maximum file size sf suppress form feeds sd spool directory af accounting file name AE log file name If the printer needs several alternative logical names they can be specified manually on the first line of the etc print cap entry separated by the I character for example Laser2 lw ps PostScript 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 387 Note All logical UNIX printer names must be unique on each host the na
34. sponding entries in the local host s etc hosts and etc services files For Remote LPR the local host must be defined on the remote host in the etc hosts and hosts equiv or hosts lpd files Both connection types require you to configure your host for TCP IP of course Choose Shared Memory from the Connection box figure 64 for PostScript interpreters software RIPs running on the same host which are able to communicate through a Shared Memory interface O 5 ibpmePrinters shm 1 SS Printer Name nmi SR Spool Directory var spool shm 1 Hold Queue None sl Error Queue None zl O Banner Page O Hide Queue M Accounting File O Require Authentication Connection Shared Memory Key File tmp shmkey Fig 64 Data for Shared Memory RIP shm 1 on host ibm 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 151 Print To Disk connection Enter the path of the Shared Memory key file in the Key File field The key file must already exist on the host See the key parameter in chapter 11 6 for more information The RIP must be compatible with the EtherShare Shared Mem ory interface specification contact your RIP manufactur er or HELIOS supplier see the HELIOS Web site www helios de if you are not sure about this With the Print To Disk connection figure 65 you induce the Print Server to print to a file O ipm Printers printtodisk
35. switch It is used to enable or disable specific features of a program Accordingly each switch usually ex ists in both positive and negative pendants Negative pen dants have the same name but are preceded by no For example the negative form of the switch clientmessages is noclientmessages see clientmessages in chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually The configuration file can also contain comments by start ing an entry line with the character This can be used to add additional information e g explanatory remarks 8 The EtherShare System 8 3 The AppleTalk protocol stack 255 atalkd 8 3 The AppleTalk protocol stack EtherShare s AppleTalk protocol stack is either contained in a UNIX loadable module which is designed to be added to the operating system during runtime or in a driver which is built into the UNIX kernel during EtherShare installation Note Under Mac OS X Server there is no atalkd All pa rameters are set in the Network panel The AppleTalk protocol stack is closely connected to the atalkd AppleTalk Daemon program The protocol stack and atalkd provide important basic functions for Apple Talk networks The EtherShare servers Print Server Ter minal Server etc are constructed around this base system The atalkd program implements permanent services on the AppleTalk network which are required to operate the EtherShare system For example all EtherSh
36. t A tabulator character 033An Escape character This allows any required bit pattern to be constructed with a 3 position octal number If you do not specify bannerstring the default is r n r nADSP Terminal Server on host Sn r n r n C 1990 Helios Software GmbH r n r n Specify banner if you do not want a banner 16 The Time Server 447 1 6 The Time Server With the EtherShare Client Installer that is described in chapter 4 6 you can add the Time Server option to your Chooser as shown in figure 158 below You can then select a specific server press the Set Time button in the Chooser dialog and thus make sure that the time on your Macintosh client is always synchronized to the time on the server you have chosen If the time of your Macintosh goes wrong by one hour you have to open the Date amp Time control panel and check whether Daylight Savings Time has been set up correctly Hs Chooser H Select a Time Server alpha ans aviion hp ibm AppleShare LaserWriter 8 AppleTalk Zones HELIOS I HELIOS II Active Q Inactive AppleTalk Fig 158 Selecting a time server for time adjustment 16 The Time Server 448 After the Time Server has been selected the local Macin tosh time will be set according to the server time whenever you boot your Macintosh 17 Technical support 449 1 T Technical support 450
37. zone zonename zone zonename2 zone zonename3 zonename is the name of the AppleTalk zone to which the Terminal Server should be allocated This parameter deter mines the zone in which the Terminal Server can be seen in 15 The Terminal Server 15 3 Parameters of termsrv program 445 localwinsize remotewinsize term the Chooser of the HELIOS Terminal program The chosen zone must be one of the local zones that the host is connect ed to You can test this with the zones I program see zone in chapter 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program The default for zonename is i e the zone of the first in terface entry in atalk conf Several names in a row sepa rated by a comma are optional e g termsrv zone marketing zone Support zone developer localwinsize maxlpackets maxlpackets Specifies the maximum number of data pack ets that are passed from termsrv to workstations through the network during a transaction The number of packets may need to be limited if the buffer size in the workstations is too small maxlpackets can be varied to optimize the data transfer rate The default and maximum for maxipackets is 8 remotewinsize maxrpackets maxrpackets specifies the maximum number of data pack ets that are passed from workstations to termsrv through the network during a transaction The number of packets may need to be limited if the buffer size in the UNIX host is too s
38. 17 Technical support 17 1 Support options 17 4 Support options HELIOS offers a variety of support options to help you get the most from HELIOS products This section summarizes those options If you have any questions about your HELIOS product first read the printed documentation Also consult the README files which may have been provided with the product to de scribe late news which are not covered by the main manual Last but not least you may check our Web site regularly http www helios de If you still cannot find the answer to your question your first line of support is your HELIOS product supplier or dealer Please have the following information at hand O Did you try to get help from one of our dealers or dis tributors Please let us know if you found your dealer to be little helpful and or lacking in experience O The serial number of your HELIOS product this is printed on your Activation Key Request form Alter natively the machine ID of your computer see What you have to do in chapter Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 O Your full address telephone fax number and e mail ad dress if available O HELIOS partner contact name e mail address fax phone 17 Technical support 17 1 Support options 451 O Forevery EtherShare PCShare server at your site e EtherShare contents of atalk conf afpvolumes Versions e PCShare contents of pcshare cnf exports pcs Version
39. 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure Select the version you want to install This prompt is skipped automatically if there is only one program version available on that CD ROM Available product versions Select a version The program will then display a list of the currently avail able disk space This list can help you find an adequate di rectory for EtherShare Select the directory you want to install EtherShare in the default directory is usr local es and then start the in stallation procedure Select a directory to install the product in usr local es Ok to start installation y The installation program install sh now stops Ether Share in case an older version is running on the server Then the program removes old updates if there are any and copies the EtherShare program files to the directory you have selected At this stage you can induce the installation program to au tomatically start the HELIOS update installer and install all updates that are available on the CD ROM If there are no updates this step is skipped Otherwise you will see a prompt similar to the following 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure 49 The following updates are available for the newly installed product u0101 subject line u0104 subject line u0125 subject line u0128 subject line Do you want to install these y If you decide to install the updat
40. 9 3 Directory and file formats for more information In the case of files created by MS DOS applications the file type is typically indicated by adding a suffix to the file name the so called the file name extension For example DOS executable programs have the extension COM or EXE and DOS batch files have the extension BAT Under EtherShare suitable icons can be displayed for such files by specifying them in the so called extension mapping table This is particularly useful in the case of applications such as FrameMaker for Macintosh which are able to di rectly read documents created by the MS DOS version without prior conversion The suffixes parameter allows you to specify the location and name of the extension map ping table The default for su ixfiie is ESDIR conf suffixes See Automatic extension mapping in chapter 9 6 Public and private volumes for an example of this file We recom mend that you specify extension mapping with the Extension Mappings option in the EtherShare Admin and not by editing the above file manually no binonly afpsrv normally simulates Finder info such as file type and creator automatically for files without Macintosh re source The type of file is determined by inspecting the file s contents This allows about 20 different icons to be 286 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program nofiledatesync shown for non
41. A 7 2 PostScript RIP INITs in the EtherShare Admin The EtherShare Admin can be extended with custom Post Script calibration tools which appear automatically in the Edit Initialization menu HELIOS will provide on request programming guides for developing such tools to typesetter manufacturers Note INITs cannot contain PostScript code to interrogate the RIP because at present there is no way of return ing the response to the EtherShare Admin Important Please contact your RIP supplier and not HELIOS if you have any problems and or questions regarding RIP INITs or RIP configuration A 7T Technical notes A 7 3 Using the ISO 8859 1 character set under IBM AIX 4 A 63 A7 3 Using the ISO 8859 1 character set under IBM AIX 4 Starting with AIX version 3 2 IBM supports two character sets for all text displayed by application programs and sys tem utilities The two supported character sets are IBM 850 IBM PC style and ISO 8859 1 DEC VT200 style AIX 3 1 supported the IBM 850 character set only Helios Terminal is a DEC VT320 emulator and thus uses the ISO 8859 1 character set By default AIX uses IBM 850 encoding and thus all national accented characters such as German umlauts will not display properly The LANG environment variable determines the encoding used If the first letter of the LANG variable is in upper case IBM 850 encoding is used if the first letter is lower case ISO 8859 1 is used For
42. Examples n change directory only not the files within the directory The default behavior of the dt chgrp command is as follows If a pure UNIX directory is changed the changes are applied to the directory only Else if a directory on a volume is changed the changes are applied to the files within this directory as well they are not applied to subdirectories The n option makes sure that the command is always applied to the direc tory only A group ID may either be specified by the numeric ID or by the corresponding group name Please note that you need the necessary access rights to change the group ID of a file according to UNIX seman tics only the user id root is allowed to change ownership settings dt chgrp support myfile changes the group to support dt chgrp 100 myfile changes the group for myfile to the group defined with the ID 100 A9 5 16 dt idinfo The main purpose of this command is problem detecting The Macintosh file or respectively directory ID is stored in both the file s resource fork and the desktop database A 114 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions Example Technical note The ID stored in the resource fork may be listed by using the dt Is command The idinfo command may be used to display database in formation for the passed ID If there is no difference be tween the resource data and the corresponding database entr
43. Gigabit Ethernet Fig A 26 Other settings dialog window This is sensible since FDDI or Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit s networks have a higher data throughput than the standard Ethernet 10 Mbit s The new Gigabit Ethernet is very fast and reaches a data throughput up to 1 Gbit s 1000 Mbit s Log files such as printer or server log files are being modi fied with each new login on the respective server To main tain a certain order they can be allocated a particular file name extension e g by an ascending numbering For ex A 4 EtherShare utility programs A 43 Preferences ample the printer log file which records the entries of today may be named printer acct the one with yesterday s en tries printer acct 0 and so on It may be reasonable to determine a cycle after which the oldest log file is discarded e g after one week The Ether Share utility program 1ogrotate coordinates the rotation of the log files with the following parameters logrotate n numlogs m mode o owner g group logfile The next line shows a practical example logrotate n 6 m 664 o John g helios printer acct 6 number of accumulated log files before logrotate Starts the rotation 664 octal expression for the file access rights i e owner and group have the right to read and write whereas others are just allowed to read the file John owner of the file helios group to which the file is allocate
44. H Printer Name printtodisk sd Chooser Name to_disk_spooler Spool Directory var spool printtodisk usr magic Hold Queue None sl Error Queue None zl O Banner Page O Hide Queue Accounting File O Require Authentication Connection Print To Disk E UNIH Directory 4d Resolve Notify Program usr magic note disk Compression None Fig 65 Data for printtodisk queue on host ibm You have to specify a destination for the file UNIH Direc tory and you can enter a Name Prefix and a Notify Pro 152 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list Balance Group connection gram if desired The prefix serves to identify the files that are coming from this specific printer queue in case you have several Print To Disk queues that print to the same destination The Notify Program option lets you enter path that leads to a specific UNIX program This program will be started automatically after printing has been fin ished successfully Furthermore you can select a mode of Compression for the destination file and you can decide whether or not your print job has to be resolved the same way it would be resolved when printing to an output device If the Resolve option is switched off the job will be written to the file as is things that are usually accomplished dur ing printing as e g font inclusion or image replacement for OPI only will be skipped The Print To Disk option may e
45. If more than one printer queue is being serviced by the Print Server a separate papsrv process must be configured for each of them When first started papsrv automatically determines the number of printer queues from the number of entries in atalk conf and starts a separate child task for each one by forking The program papsrv which implements AppleTalk print ing functions for the network has no way of knowing how each printer is physically connected All communication with the printer is done through the UNIX system program Ipd which extracts information about the printer from the UNIX system file etc printcap using the logical UNIX printer name received from papsrv as the key Ipd then routes the job through the output filter program psof to generate the optional banner page and sends it to the ap propriate interface program papif psif tcpif balanceif diskif holdif or shmif Each printer queue requires an entry in etc printcap to describe in detail the way in which the associated physical printer is connected The entry in the etc printcap file specifies which inter face program and output filter program are required The output filter is used to print the banner page and the inter face program implements the connection to the physical printer The output filter for all PostScript printers is the psof program 372 11 The
46. In order to access the System V lpr from the EtherShare Print Server you need a configuration which is very similar to that of Printing to disk papsrv name xxxx printer xPrinter lpr bin lpr resolve where XXXX is the required AppleTalk printer name xPrinter is the logical printcap printer name and lpr specifies the System V lpr program rather than the EtherShare lpr program in usr local es In order to set up the required spool directory and symbolic link and create a etc printcap entry and FONTS file automatically we recommend that you first setup a dummy printer with a Remote LPR connection then edit the cor responding atalk conf entry and FONTS file manually A 7 Technical notes A 7 5 Accessing the System V lpr from the Print Server A 67 A BSD style Ipq command is also provided with the RS 6000 version of EtherShare because it is not included with AIX You can use it to check the job status from a UNIX shell as follows lpq usr local es lpq P printername Or instead you can use diskif and a notify script see notifyprog in 11 6 Configuring printers manually A 68 A 7 Technical notes A 7 6 Accessing the Print Server through Remote LPR A7 6 Accessing the Print Server through Remote LPR If your host uses the System V printing system e g Sun So laris 2 x in the special case where you want to receive
47. Software GmbH Apple AppleTalk Macintosh and LaserWriter are registered trade marks EtherTalk and LocalTalk are trademarks of Apple Comput er Inc Microsoft and MS DOS are registered trademarks Windows and Windows 95 98 NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Sun and SPARCstation are registered trademarks of Sun Microsys tems Inc IBM RS 6000 is a registered trademark of IBM Corporation Ethernet is a registered trademark of XEROX Inc Digital Equip ment Corporation and Intel Corporation UNIX is a registered trademark of AT amp T Bell Laboratories VT320 is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Inc All other trademarks used in this documentation belong to their respective owners Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 0 5 Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 Thank you for purchasing HELIOS EtherShare 2 6 The idea HELIOS EtherShare is a powerful networking software for behind it UNIX based servers and Apple Macintosh clients It is re liable flexible and easy to administer It offers AppleTalk implementation with routing support automatic AppleTalk configuration and an Admin Macintosh tool that allows e g Users Groups Volumes and Printers admin istration from a Macintosh The program includes all you need for successful networking for example an AppleShare File Server a Print Server a Font Server for all printers a Time Server multiple servers supp
48. The EtherShare Admin then opens a new volume data win dow Fill in the volume name UNIX directory volume mount point and password fields as required The entire di rectory path to the mount point must already exist with the exception of the bottom most directory which will be cre ated by the EtherShare Admin if required The volume Groups list is described later in this chapter The volume s directories must not overlap or include the di rectories of other EtherShare volumes You should choose the volume mount point carefully to make sure this does not happen Furthermore although EtherShare can utilize file systems which are mounted remotely through NFS the di rectory tree of each Macintosh volume should not be split among more than one file system Otherwise the values for used and free space would not reflect the correct status and trashing of files would only be possible immediately 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list 125 Important Note that symbolic links pointing to directories would confuse the File Server For example two directories in one volume might have the same directory ID and a Double click on one of the folders then could open the other To prevent this EtherShare does not follow symbolic links on folders If you need links use the Macintosh Make Alias function instead If EtherShare detects overlapping volumes it will not mount them and issues an error message instead Finally the volume
49. The number of record locks issued by clients exceeds the number configured by the locks parameter initEvents bind m afpsrv could not bind its event listener socket If the rea son is Address already in use then this is due to a second master afpsrv process running on the same machine 17 Technical support 466 17 3 Error Messages Bad syntax in s line d afpsrv could not parse file s ESDIR conf suffixes in line 46d This might happen if you edit the suffixes file by hand instead of using the EtherShare Ad min Added additional error messages for afpsrv to indicate potential problems due to corrupted Shared Memory segments lock shm mutex held by non existent process lt ID gt Shows up to indicate that a process has been terminated by UNIX or user afpsrv slave process ID was killed by signal signal use stop atalk followed by start atalk to ensure integrity of shared memory segments This message can occur on all currently supported plat forms and indicates that afpsrv slave processes were in tentionally killed by a UNIX user Volume name RPC Timed out Only readonly access possible afpsrv will try 6 times for 5 seconds each to reach the desktop server to retrieve or store information from to the desktop database of its volumes Earlier versions of afpsrv tried 3 times for 5 seconds Although even the old er values were a very long t
50. The structure of volumes and files 9 3 Directory and file formats The EtherShare File Server simulates the Macintosh s Hi erarchical File System HFS on the UNIX file system UFS the latter is found in many UNIX variants Due to the differences between these two systems the same Mac intosh file appears differently when it is viewed through the UNIX file system compared to when it is viewed from a Macintosh workstation Under EtherShare each HFS volume is mapped to a speci fied part of the UNIX file system and mounted at a speci fied directory This directory is then the root directory of the volume You specify the volume mount point when setting up new volumes with the EtherShare Admin In contrast to files under DOS and UNIX all Macintosh files are associated with so called Finder info contained in the file s directory entry which stores among other things the file type and creator file creation date etc Each file is split into two parts the data fork and the re source fork This split is normally invisible to the Mac intosh user the Finder info in the file s directory is also invisible The file type and creator are used by the Finder to select the right icon to display They are each 4 bytes long The file creator is also used to automatically find and start the cor responding program when you double click on the icon of a document The icons themselves are stored in the desktop file wh
51. This indicates the failure of a UNIX system call Cannot shutdown tcp connection m A UNIX system call failed during shutdown of the TCP IP network connection to the printer Writing to remote failed m The connection to the Remote LPR Ge is broken This might be caused by a crash of host Ge Connect to remote Ipd on Ge failed s Connecting to a remote Ipd on host s failed s is an explanatory error message Read from remote failed m A UNIX system call failed while reading data from a TCP IP connected printer Cannot set non blocking I O on tcp connection m A UNIX system call failed while setting the TCPI IP con nection into non blocking mode 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 497 Cannot create name for temporary file A temporary file used for storing resolved PostScript data could not be created Cannot write to file m A UNIX system call failed while writing data to a tempo rary file Error while copying file m A UNIX system call failed while copying PostScript data from a temporary stream into the output stream Error while writing to file m A UNIX system call failed while writing PostScript data into the output stream Lost connection to printer s on 96s m Lost TCP IP connection while talking to printer s on host Ge Lost file Gm A recently created file cannot be accessed anymore No space on remote waiting for queue
52. Type 3 printer fonts aseeseen 359 Adobe TOnts reete eem E 169 ADSP AppleTalk ADSP Tool See AppleTalk ARP SECU inten ed de E E Pre BE a iners 292 AFP server DENNOM WEE A 128 AFP user lISL 2 cioe e IR Ee 292 426 A 3 lui EIN TICE 294 AFP user list ESDIR conf afppasswd sss 292 afppasswd atalk conf sssseeeeenne nenne 282 afppasswd UNIX program eem 265 afpport atalk conf aiie e nnne 279 afpsrv UNIX Ne EE 265 error messages eget eter dare eerta eta aaa dE 465 Parameters ded ott eret eed celina avi ncc 275 Eiere A 5 AppleShare PG xerit tette Alsat f dentes 15 AppleTalk ADSP Tool Installation eeeee 75 Characterization sse 25 DEMON E n A 128 Elle NEE 378 PIOtOCOl Staek tne ette aL eicere 15 AppleTalk router ieira a nennen enne 40 Application count ener A 41 Application data desksrv eeren eene eei Rea iE 331 EE 325 atalk conf Re e obe 253 Editing atalk conf manually eene 188 Parameter syntax ssssssssssseeeeee nennen 253 atalk conf main configuration file ccececeseeeeeeeteeeeteteeeeeneees A 1 atalkd UNIX pito EE 255 error messages oii ceti irn ener eene der eaa dade ar 460 Parameters of the atalkd program ssessss 257 atechoping Using atechoping to test the network for services
53. annaka aE a A EEE 275 netname mailsrv sse 432 WE 444 Weu UE AE 432 Network lee esuada E trt 27 Definitio miea dot eee tele rte e o Ie ERE aa A 130 Network Trash Folder EOCatlOni zr rer eee Io En rue tad dd ead 268 newline conversion sssssssssseeeeeeereree nnne 310 NFS mounted volume Network File System 301 nice atalk cornf 1 dete tibi Ee ble inertem 375 noautologin MailSee tieien ae ae Eaei 436 nobiff See biff program nobinmode atalk conf sse 384 ele de cs etia tease aio 391 Node IBS ifti ori E A 130 nodotafpvolumes eene 289 noguest AFP volumes seem 303 nohomedir atalk conf sss 284 nologdenied atalk conf sseem 279 nomagic atalk conf sse 376 nopasswd mailen sese enne 435 nopublish AFP volumes sseee em 303 nosortdirs atalk conf esssseeeeeenen e 279 nospoolspool atalk conf sss 374 areae mH 289 notifyprog atalk conf un a a a a emm 396 lge TOT IMAL aiar e WS 404 NVE Definition nnno eeu A 130 O OPI See EtherShare OPI opisrv error messages deii dde exa ada rad d ve nma 465 P erp et 352 354 foel o CAU LE 352 353 parameter background ii ara ET A E E enne 370 CICK p 365 UU 368 UI ei qm 368 TOFEQIOUNG E 370 OIOUDE eg iia iin aaa iad ane 369
54. diskif see 11 3 The Print Server Programs It com prises the following parameters dir path path specifies the absolute UNIX path of the directory where the processed print job is stored The file name re sults from the print job title with the typically appended suf fix ps If path points to UNIX FIFO named pipe rather than pointing to a directory the processed print data are written to that pipe directly If path starts with a pipe character I the whole string fol lowing I is recognized as a UNIX command line and the processed print data are piped into the executed program 396 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually pssuffix prefix resolve notifyprog no pssuffix This switch determines whether the suffix ps is append ed to the processed print job file In case the switch is set to nopssuffix the file name extension ps is omitted The default is pssuffix prefix filenameprefix filenameprefix specifies whether files which come from a specific printer queue are marked with a prefix before their original file name This may be quite reasonable when several Print To Disk queues print to the same destina tion no resolve When a print job is processed to a Print To Disk queue and the switch is set to noresolve the print job remains untouched and passes without any changes The default is resolve notifyprog path path is the a
55. mail window scrolls horizontally to allow you to enter up to about 80 M characters M is the wid est proportional character on each line before wrapping Otherwise the text will wrap after the right hand edge of the window that is currently open has been reached Translation Table specifies the character conversion table to be used if you send mail containing national accented characters such as umlauts This allows you to send mail containing umlauts to UNIX users too You can choose ISO 8859 1 to specify the extended character set used by almost any e mail program Font and Size specify the font and font size of characters to be used when you edit or print mail Usually the number of characters in one line depends on the dimensions of your text window Here you can enter a value that specifies a given number of characters for text wrap If you enter e g 72 for Wrap At and later choose Wrap from the Edit menu for a selected text in an outgoing mail all selected text lines will end after the 72nd character no matter how large the text window might be The ad dressee will see the wrap effect too 6 3 3 Insert preferences The dialog that lets you define Insert preferences is shown in figure 106 It contains the following options Insert Cc line specifies whether each new Untitled mail window should automatically include a Cc carbon copy to line in the header This saves you typ
56. obligatory includes IncludeResource font If possible the specified font will be included in the print job from the ESDIR psfonts directory which contains download PostScript fonts which have been installed there manually with the EtherShare Admin oe SDocumentFonts oe SDocumentNeededFonts SsDocumentNeededResources font All fonts needed by the document which are not resident in the printer are included with the print job To do this the Print Server checks the corresponding printer resident font list usr spool lt printername gt FONTS This file can be updated using the EtherShare Admin if you install new res ident fonts on your printer In case the resident font list can not be determined the font information from the chosen PPD is used instead In case a requested font cannot be included the respective interface program sends an error message via afpmsg to the user Users who have installed Helios Mail on their Macintosh will additionally receive the message directly on their workstation SsIncludeFile IncludeResource file IncludeDocument 11 The Print Server 11 7 Adobe Document Structuring Conventions 401 Linotype Color Separation Extensions If possible the specified file e g an EPS picture will be included in the print job The file can be specified with ei ther UNIX or Macintosh file and path name conventions In the latter case the Print Server determines the co
57. pose Simply issue rebuild s volume mount point forev ery defined public or private EtherShare volume Any out put of this scan indicates a potentially harmful inconsistency between volume and desktop information You should only continue after having re synchronized the desktop database by means of an ordinary rebuild Take some time to make yourself familiar with the utilities and the way they behave inside a Macintosh volume be tween different Macintosh volumes and between non Macintosh and Macintosh volumes A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 4 Notes about error messages A 89 A9 4 Notes about error messages The dt utilities use standard error messages starting with the program name including the command argument fol lowed by the file or directory currently processed and the error message e g dt rm notHere may result in the error message dt rm notHere no such file or directory The error messages used are similar to the errors issued by the standard UNIX commands Please note that you may encounter additional error messages regarding the resource fork or the desktop database In some cases the dt utilities may issue error messages displaying the full path of a file name instead of the passed relative one This is due to the fact that the desktop database always needs absolute file names instead of relative ones In this case you may see the completely resolved includ ing symbolic link
58. provided The default is statusport 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 391 service noctrid tcpresolve writesize service port port is the service port number also called the service code which specifies the process within host which is re sponsible for the printer The port number lies between 1 and 65535 Alternatively a service name from the Jetc services file can be specified here instead Examples service 4000 or service bspp tcpif normally uses the TCP IP stream protocol the Remote LPR protocol is configured instead if you specify service printer Of service 515 You must specify the rprinter parameter too no ctrld ctrld determines whether the Ctrl D character should be used to indicate end of print job This is necessary if the printer is connected to TCP IP through a terminal server and a serial interface See 8 bit transparency above for relat ed information The default for this switch is noct 1a no tcpresolve When a print job is processed and the switch is set to notcpresolve the print job remains untouched and pass es without any changes The default is tcpresolve writesize block block is the number of bytes that are send through the net work in a single write The minimum value for block is 4096 392 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually rprinter The default value for block is 8192 rprinter na
59. sss 372 11 6 2 AppleTalk PAP connections 378 11 6 3 Serial PostScript connections 383 11 6 4 TCP IP PostScript connections 387 11 6 5 Shared Memory software RIPS 393 11 6 6 Printing to disk nia otaa eia 395 11 6 7 Printing to a hold error queue 397 11 6 8 Balancing print job loads 398 11 7 Adobe Document Structuring Conventions 399 Contents 12 13 14 15 16 Text to PostScript Converter esses 403 12 1 General remarks sss 404 12 2 ODtlOriS i eL ed t entrent i n i i cte ceed 406 12 3 Escape Interpreter sseeeee 409 12 4 Umlauts and special characters ss 411 The Administration Server sess 415 13 1 General remarks sess 416 13 2 The Administration Server Program 417 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program 418 13 4 Administration Server utility program 424 13 5 Configuration with Yellow Pages ssssss 425 The Mail Server eeeeeeseseeeeeeeeeeeene ennt nnns 429 14 1 General remarks sssssssssseeeennee 430 14 2 The Mail Server Program
60. termsrv mailsrv and admsrv can issue any of the er ror messages listed above under 17 3 1 license error messages and 17 3 2 generic error messages There are only a few other commonly encountered error messages from mailsrv cannot find mail spool directory Use spooldir in atalk conf cannot find mail send program maller i e e Use mail in atalk conf cannot find vacation program Use vacation in atalk conf A more detailed description of the Mail Server parameters and their default settings are described in chapter 14 3 Pa rameters of the mailsrv program 17 3 7 Printer interface errors and status messages Since under EtherShare printer interface programs are ref erenced by the logical UNIX printer name rather than their real name such as papif or tcpif it is neccessary to look up the real program name in the if directory as de scribed in chapter 11 The Print Server The following section describes errors using the real program names 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 471 17 3 8 Messages shared by all printer interfaces The following messages can be issued by any of the printer interfaces Usage s n user h host acctfile The interface program s was called with missing or wrong parameters Cannot create an unique log filename 6m A temporary file name for saving error output until the real error message file has been e
61. tory that is defined as an EtherShare volume which contains a desktop database in contrast to a simple UNIX directory Note In the following the term volume root means the top level folder of an EtherShare volume The EtherShare Applications volume e g is by default defined to re side in the usr local es macapps directory which is its volume root directory under UNIX dt will recognize an EtherShare volume by locating its desktop database Desktop file dt will recognize access to EtherShare volumes from an other server only by means of available DeskServer files dt will process all supplied files and folders but only file folder names of up to 31 characters will be kept in desk top databases dt may process files folders differently depending on whether the source destination of the operation is in side outside an EtherShare volume The Macintosh Finder and the UNIX file system use different semantics and dt assures that on EtherShare volumes the Macintosh seman tics will be applied The differences are mainly visible in permissions ownership A 92 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions Symbolic links to folders will not be processed on Ether Share volumes dt will process data and resource parts of files folders on EtherShare volumes In case no resource information ex ists dt will be able to create at least minimum informa tion Especia
62. where status decimal 3 general UNIX warning 2 PostScript output 1 UNIX info e g Extended print information 0 OK communications error 2 PostScript error 3 terminated job e g killed signal 4 UNIX error e g file not found ptrName string logical UNIX printer name username string from PostScript header of job JobTitle string i e document name from PostScript header of job A 7 Technical notes A 7 1 EtherShare log files A 57 User and document names in print jobs startTime decimal seconds since 1 1 1970 UNIX time t values duration seconds endTime startTime pages decimal endPage startPage determined by printer interrogation with the pagecount ps query ListOfFonts string array fonts used space delimited If statuszo the line is followed by the error output of the printer bracketed by the lines Error output and End er ror output Also if no printable data are sent to the printer pages 0 then duration will be 0 Please refer to mail in chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually for information on which types of message are written to the printer log file Messages are only written to the printer log file if you checked the Rccounting File switch when creating the printer queue with the EtherShare Admin The user name logged with each print job in the printer log file ESDIR printer acct and the user to which error mess
63. 5 1 General remarks Security who can use the EtherShare Admin Benefits O Any new suffix mappings or changes to existing ones will be available immediately O Any new EtherShare volumes will be available immedi ately O Any changes to EtherShare volumes e g setting Groups membership will be available immediately Potential drawbacks O Anychanges to EtherShare volumes e g removing vol umes changing volume mount points switching vol ume characteristics to Read Only Invisible or changes in Groups membership may result in side ef fects for AppleShare clients This may range from write errors to volumes getting dismounted etc O Especially removing access to volumes for clients that still have documents open on that volumes might cause damaged or only partially saved documents Make it a habit to use EtherShare Admin s feature of send ing messages to connected Macintosh clients to notify these in advance of potential damaging chances You can verify with Lists Active Users which user does have certain vol umes in access Just open this menu before you save any settings to volumes and it will list the currently logged in AppleShare clients The Lists Rctive Users will be updat ed automatically every 15 seconds The EtherShare Admin is available to all EtherShare users to allow them to inspect the current EtherShare configura tion and printer queues but only the system administrato
64. 85 A9 2 Dolneed the dt utilities If you access all your files from your Macintosh only you do not need to read any further But if you need to access files which are stored in an EtherShare volume from the UNIX prompt there are a lot of reasons for using the dt utilities Note UNIX prompt here means any access under UNIX e g any script or program like a backup program which accesses files stored on an EtherShare volume Any manipulation to a file or folder inside a Macintosh vol ume using ordinary UNIX commands like cp mv rm or other programs will cause an inconsistency be tween volume information and the related desktop data base Especially restoring files from a backup will trigger such an inconsistency In the following sections you will find more information on this problem and about how the dt utilities help avoid it Please use the utilities whenever you would usually use any of the following UNIX commands in case either source and or destination files folders are located in an EtherShare volume rm rmdir mv cp 1s mkdir touch chmod A 86 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 2 Do I need the dt utilities What are the differences to standard UNIX commands chown chgrp You may use the dt utilities even if the source or destina tion is not located in an EtherShare volume or if you are not sure about this The d
65. A 14 Network with two interfaces c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 AppleTalk Network Setup Create Interface Entry Zones Name New entry Start __ End __ Default zone Name of interface 1 2 adapter Fig A 15 Creating a new interface entry A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration A 31 Changing an interface entry If you want to change the configuration of an existing inter face you have to switch off automatic configuration by us ing the a key and then press RETURN Note that you can enter a manual configuration and then switch between active and non active The manual settings will be stored in the atalk conf file when you switch on automatic configuration and they will be available when you switch automatic configuration off again Figure A 16 shows the dialog window that lets you change the configuration of a particular interface Name End 18__ c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 AppleTalk Network Setup Zones New entry Default zone Start value of network number range lt gt for help Fig A 16 Changing the configuration of interface Te In the above dialog you have to enter a network number range from start End where start can be equal to End If you have either an external or
66. Activate the Groups list and choose New from the File menu compare figure 38 SINE Edit Lists Help New E Open zen ibm Groups Close sem eam G3 bin Save As 388 Gs daemon Login Q3 develo b Logout Q3 ftp EL general G3 helios G3 Ip Di macusers mail Fig 38 Creating a new group entry The EtherShare Admin then opens a new group data win dow Fill in the group name and add members to the group as required compare figure 36 above A new group is entered in the server s Groups list as soon as you click Save If the group data window is closed with out saving the new group entry is discarded On saving the new group a new entry with the correspond ing group data and member list is made in the etc group file or the appropriate yellow pages files The group id will be assigned automatically 116 5 EtherShare Admin 5 7 Groups list Deleting groups Note The AIX operating system e g does not like user and group names longer than 8 characters but the Ether Share Admin does not check for this If you use longer names you will receive various UNIX error messages You may not be able to make a UNIX shell login if your login name is too long or one of your group name is too long but you can still log on to the File Server We recommend to use user and group names of up to 8 characters only A group can be deleted from the host as follows Highlight the group nam
67. AppleTalk protocol stack with network routing File Server with Desktop Server Print Server with Font Server Text to PostScript converter pstext Terminal Server with the HELIOS Terminal program Administration Server with the EtherShare Admin program Mail Server with the HELIOS Mail program and He lios Mail Init Time Server 3 Introduction 3 2 Introduction to EtherShare and AppleTalk 15 EtherShare PCShare is a high end TCP IP based file server print serv and PCShare er and terminal server software for MS DOS Windows computers which are attached to UNIX computers through Ethernet Token Ring etc Since PCShare is compatible with EtherShare DOS Windows users can share network printers and files with Macintosh and UNIX users too The AppleTalk The AppleTalk protocol stack forms the backbone for the protocol stack EtherShare servers It is responsible for basic AppleTalk network functions including those of network routing Routing means that EtherShare can be used to interconnect several physically separate AppleTalk networks and trans parently pass information between them as required The Ether While maintaining complete compatibility with the AFP Share specification the EtherShare File Server program allows File Server access to documents and applications throughout the whole network via high speed EtherTalk connections or via other connection such as FDDI insofar as the interface is sup ported on the ha
68. Command descriptions Examples Technical notes A 9 5 3 dt rm The rm command removes the directory entry specified by each file argument Usage dt rm fir file The following options apply f force removing without prompting the user i prompt for confirmation for each file If the answer begins with y yes the file is deleted otherwise the file remains r recursively remove passed directory and its subdirectories In case of symbolic links the link itself and not the file the link refers to is removed If the standard input is not a terminal the command will op erate as if the f option were set dt rm a out core removes the directory entries a out and core dt rm rf junk removes the directory junk and all its contents without prompting Missing resource forks are not reported unless the v ver bose option is set A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 95 The volume root directory is automatically touched to an nounce the changes to any Macintosh that has mounted the volume When removing a directory using the r option dt auto matically tries to remove any orphan resource forks The volume root directory may only be removed if this volume is not in use by any other client either EtherShare or the dt utilities otherwise a directory not empty error is is sued A 9 5 4 dt rmdir The dt rmdir command will remove the directory entry specifie
69. Date Time epson pameibm none 01 09 1996 16 32 Uhr 00 00 01 1w8500 det 980901 01 09 1996 16 34 Uhr 00 00 24 printpr det 960901 01 09 1996 16 0 00 00 1w8500 peter Manual pdf 01 09 1998 16 38 Uhr 00 01 16 lw sam web 01 09 1996 16 39 Uhr 0 01 25 printpr sam web 01 09 1996 16 41 Uhr 0 00 00 ibm Messages 980901 Start printing on Iw6500 at Tue Sep 1 16 34 34 1998 Finished printing at Tue Sep 1 16 35 08 1998 Extended print information Total number of bytes printed 66910 Composite printout Start printing on printpreview at Tue Sep 1 16 35 09 1998 This copy of your program has expired Please contact Helios Finished printing at Tue Sep 1 16 35 10 1998 Extended print information Total number of bytes printed 0 Composite printout Fig 85 Printer log file and corresponding messages file gt Choose Save as from the File menu to save the printer log file as a text file You can then read this information into a word processor or spreadsheet program for billing pur poses or to prepare job statistics The messages files can also be saved as text files Users are also sent a message via UNIX mail and an addi tional AFP message if a printer error occurs including paper out Users who have installed Helios Mail will re ceive the message directly on their Macintosh 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 175 Note The user name assigned to the job is the one specified in the Macintosh File
70. ESDIR conf afppasswd Important The ESDIR conf afppasswd file is indispensable for running PCShare 3 on the same server The AFP user list improves network security by preventing passwords from being sent through the network cabling in unencrypted form during the logon procedure If the AFP user list is active Macintosh passwords are only transmit ted over the network in encrypted form If you want the additional security you can create the AFP user list by calling the ESDIR etc mkafppasswd pro gram from UNIX mkafppasswd then copies user entries for the user id 0 root and all users with user numbers greater than or equal to 100 to the afppasswd file It gets this information from the etc passwd file Initially all pass words are blank 294 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups Note On creation the AFP user list initially contains blank passwords but for root you are requested by the afppasswd program to enter a new password If you want to disable the added security feature again sim ply delete the file ESDIR conf afppasswd No other changes are necessary EtherShare will then fall back to us ing the UNIX system file etc passwd only and Macin tosh passwords will be passed unencrypted over the network when logging on If you have any real UNIX users with ID numbers below 100 as distinct from system users such as bin you must manually
71. EtherShare E 72 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation The zones program The zones program can be used to list the names of all zones that can be found and to quickly find out which zone is the current default zone You should get the same zone list as that shown in the Chooser of Macintosh computers connected to the same network segment If given an I ar gument only local zones are shown Since the zones program uses the EtherShare AppleTalk protocol modules which reference atalk conf for config uration details mistakes in the latter file will cause you to see less zones than those shown on the Macintosh clients For example if you get the zone name s wrong for a rout er zones will not show any zones which exist on the other side of the router Mistakes in atalk conf will affect vpollI poll and atechoping too for the same reason In the following example you see all zones and a in front of the current default zone HELIOS I cd usr local es zones HELIOS I HELIOS II HELIOS Support HELIOS FDDI HELIOS Tokenring 4 Installation 4 6 The client installation procedure 73 4 6 The client installation procedure Several Macintosh applications were copied to the directo ry ESDIR macapps and its subdirectories when install ing EtherShare They are available to all Macintosh computers on the network in the EtherShare Applicatio
72. Germany this would be LANG de DE for ISO 8859 1 LANG De DE for IBM 850 The LANG environment variable can be set locally in your profile or login files or globally as the default for the whole system with SMIT using the following SMIT menu path System Environments Manage Language Environment Change Language Environment Unfortunately not all message catalogs are available in all character sets Luckily SMIT has a menu option to convert message catalogs from one character set to another Use the following SMIT menu path to do this A 64 A 7 Technical notes A 7 3 Using the ISO 8859 1 character set under IBM AIX 4 System Environments Manage Language Environment Convert Files Convert System Messages You then specify inputs similar to the following the exam ple converts the German catalogs CURRENT DIRECTORY name usr lib nls msg De DE t NEW DIRECTORY name usr lib nls msg de DE CURRENT CODE set IBM 850 NEW CODE set IS08859 1 This converts all messages catalogs in the fusr lib nls msg De_DE directory from IBM 850 to ISO 8859 1 format The original IBM 850 files are retained so you will then have all message output available in both for mats A 7 Technical notes A 7 4 Accessing spool queues from an IBM logical printer A 65 A7 4 Accessing spool queues from an IBM logical printer To use a printer setup for EtherShare from the IBM spool ing system
73. Initialization Select PPD Edit PPD B 1w8500 B printpreview Restart Printer if printtodisk Spool only v Spool amp Print Fig 71 The Printer menu items The Settings menu item is used to open the printer data window of a specific printer and then change its configura tion You have to highlight the printer you want to set up before choosing the item compare figure 71 Update Fonts is used to update the Print Server s resident font list for the selected printer Since this takes place through printer interrogation the printer must be connected and online for this to work You need to do this if new fonts 5 EtherShare Admin 5 11 Printer menu 159 Show Fonts have been installed in the printer through font cartridges printer cache disks etc Do not confuse the resident font list with download fonts which have been installed by EtherShare in the Print Serv er and are available to all printers on that host The latter can be seen by clicking Fonts in the Lists menu The printer s resident font list is created automatically by the Administration Server when you set it up for the first time The list is stored in the FONTS file in the printer s spool directory The option Show Fonts shows the resident fonts of the se lected printer The Administration Server gets this informa tion from the FONTS file in the printer s spool directory The window title shows the host name Fonts and the p
74. Irix 5 3 amp 6 5 DG AViiON 5 4 11 Intel Digital Alpha UNIX 3 2d amp 4 Linux for Intel Mac OS X Server CD ROM drive or possibility of using a tape instead 6 MB in the usr file system in addition to the indi vidual disk storage requirements of each of the users This value is valid for pure EtherShare It becomes considerably higher if you install any add ons such as EtherShare OPI or PDF Handshake about 1 MB RAM per active user about 1 MB RAM per printer queue that receives a job about MB RAM per print process at least 64 MB RAM on the server at least one supported network adapter installed and ac tivated RPC UNIX and TCP IP must be installed and running 4 Installation 4 1 System requirements 37 Note For installing EtherShare you have to be able to log in as root on your host Network client O Recommended computer running Mac OS version 7 5 or higher alternatively UNIX workstation or DOS Windows workstation with PCShare running on the server to gether with EtherShare 2 6 Printer O PostScript compatible printer alternatively Apple ImageWriter II or Apple Image Writer LQ O Network printers are usually connected to the network via Ethernet EtherTalk The Print Server also supports TCP IP streams Remote LPR Shared Memory and Print To Disk connections And it also allows PostScript printers to be connected to the UNIX host via a serial port on t
75. LocalTalk horus HELIOS SM Subnet hp Fig 109 Choosing the zone and host Use the list in the box on the left to choose the zone where the EtherShare host is located The list shows all known zones Unless you have other external routers in your net work only the zones from internal EtherShare routers e g Ethernet will be visible If you have no zones because you have no router or because zones are not available for some reason you will see an asterisk as a substitute for zone names After choosing the zone the list in the box on the right shows all UNIX hosts in the chosen zone with which you are able to establish a connection i e all hosts that are run ning the Mail Server 6 HELIOS Mail 6 4 Configuring the connection 209 gt Please choose the host you want and click OK HELIOS Mail then opens a window to allow you to log on to the Mail Server by entering your EtherShare user name or full name and password see figure 110 Connect to mail server ans HELIOS Il as User Name det Password III 3 Save name O Save password Fig 110 HELIOS Mail login box When you log in for the first time you have the option of choosing Save name and or Save password If you check both you do not have to log in manually the next time you start HELIOS Mail The name and password are stored in a hidden file on your local hard disk For maximum security do not use the Sav
76. Macintosh files see Generic icons in chapter 9 3 Directory and file formats Specify the binonly switch if this feature is not required in which case all non Macintosh files will be treated as type DATA UNIX which means that UNIX text files will then become invisible to most Macintosh text editors The default if this switch is omitted is nobinonly no filedatesync Whenever you modify a Macintosh file the changes you make do not necessarily affect both the data file and re source file and in many cases only the data file is changed afpsrv only checks the modification date of the data file when it needs to display date and time information in the Finder Accordingly afpsrv is designed to always update touch the modification date of the data file even if only the resource fork has been modified However afpsrv does not normally update the modifica tion date of the resource file if only the data fork has been modified The modification date of the resource file is usu ally not important even to incremental backup procedures and updating it would waste system resources and slow down the File Server somewhat Nonetheless situations may exist where differences be tween the modification date of the data and resource files can cause difficulties Such situations are typically those in volving automatic data migration to slower external stor age Specify the iledatesync switch to cause afpsrv to a
77. Messages ESDIR conf ethershare license m The license file could not be opened probably because it is missing no valid EtherShare license found The license file ESDIR conf ethershare license contains no valid license for EtherShare the demo license has expired EtherShare demo versions run for a limited time and the li cense has now expired Each user is warned at every login to the File Server that he is using a demo version and also for how many days the license will still be valid Thus the expiry should not take effect surprisingly See Demonstra tion keys in chapter 17 2 Keys and updates the license checksum is invalid The Checksum field in the license does not match the data in the other fields This should not happen as the instal lation procedure verifies that a license is valid before enter ing it into the license file However this error message may appear e g if you have upgraded from EtherShare 2 2 to EtherShare 2 6 but still use the old key or when you in stalled another version of the product to another directory and the data mix up the license is not valid on this machine The MachID field of the license does not match the host s machine ID This might happen if you transfer a complete installation to a new host or if you get a new machine due to a hardware replacement Contact our license department 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 459 for a license transfer se
78. Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually watchtime 11 6 1 Global parameters When it starts each printer interface program first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its configuration The parameters described below can be defined in atalk conf for any of the interface programs They can be specified individually for each printer together with the other parameters described later in an atalk conf section which is preceded by the logical printer name such as Laser1 Alternatively they can be specified in a special global atalk conf section if in which case they apply to all interface programs but the former method has prece dence if they are specified in both locations Currently none of the parameters below can be specified with the EtherShare Admin you need to do this manually using an editor such as vi See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually watchtime time time specifies the time interval in seconds with which the printer interface program interrogates the printer s status channel As a diagnostic aid you can use the UNIX Ingo program to check the status of each spooled printer lpq returns the status messages that you normally see in the di alog box of the LaserWriter driver for locally connected AppleTalk printers The Print Server does not return such status messages to the workstations it only returns
79. Queue in the Printers list of the EtherShare Admin The default for this flag i e the checkbox in the EtherShare Admin remains unticked is publish groups name name specifies separated by commas the names of the groups which are allowed to access the papsrv 370 11 The Print Server 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program noauthenticate foreground background The no authenticate switch determines whether print ing to a LaserWriter queue is password protected or not In case the parameter is set to authenticate user name and password have to be entered before printing This setting affects all LaserWriter printer queues on the same server The default for this switch is noauthenticate The Mac OS 9 LaserWriter version 8 7 printer driver s behavior is background printing by default This means that spooling of print jobs is performed two times locally on the Macintosh and on the selected printer queue The papsrv however induces Apple s LaserWriter printer driver to spool the jobs directly on the selected queue by de fault unless the background option is specified in the configuration file atalk conf The default setting for this option i e no flag is set is foreground 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 371 11 6 Configuring printers manually Important Generally it is more convenient and safer to set up printers with the EtherShare Admin program
80. Reader Acrobat Exchange on any of these platforms The EtherShare File Server supports file and record locking between Macintosh workstations Likewise PCShare a TCP IP based Windows networking product developed by HELIOS supports file and record locking between Win dows workstations Locks of both file servers are shared by accessing the same locktable file which resides in the di rectories ESDIR and PCDIR respectively The UNIX Sharing option has to be switched on howev er if you want to share an EtherShare volume with UNIX applications afpsrv supports UNIX advisory locking in addition to the built in Apple AFP compatible mandatory locking 274 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats Symbolic links Check with your supplier of UNIX applications whether these do also support and use advisory locking before you use Macintosh PC based applications accessing files con currently with UNIX based applications If you use NFS imported file systems for EtherShare or PCShare volumes the lockd and statd daemons must be configured and running See your NFS documentation for further details In the following there is an example of 5ESDIR conf afpvolumes where the shared volume ES PS shared volume resides in data shared images is writable with option unixlocks activated and accessible by group dtp only Below that you see the default p
81. Server to the so called prep directory ESDIR dicts this is called dictionary caching If they are needed again the prep files can be sent from the UNIX host directly rather than from the workstation This reduces network loading and increases throughput See chapter 11 7 Adobe Document Structuring Conven tions for related information Fonts required by a particular print job which are not nor mally supported by the printer download PostScript fonts must also be included in each job before sending it to the printer In order to let the Print Server know which fonts to send those fonts which are permanently available in each printer resident fonts are specified in the FONTS file in the printer s spool directory usually usr spool printername FONTS Furthermore the EtherShare Admin can install Adobe Type 1 and Type 3 printer fonts not screen fonts or TrueType fonts into a central font directory on the host 360 11 The Print Server 11 4 The Print Server in operation ESDIR psfonts directly from the font manufacturer s original font disk The Print Server only sends those fonts to the printer which are not already resident Missing fonts are sent preferentially from the central font directory and are not requested from the originating workstation This re duces network loading increases throughput and allows central administration of printer fonts The printe
82. Sharing control panel The job will be assigned to root if no name is specified in File Sharing or if the name specified is unknown to Ether Share See User and document names in print jobs in appendix A 7 1 EtherShare log files for more infor mation The EtherShare Admin gets its information from the files SESDIR printer acct which contains the data of To day to SESDIR printer acct 6 Seven Days Ago See Printer log file structure and User and document names in print jobs in appendix A 7 1 for related information Please see also the description of mail in chapter 11 6 Con figuring printers manually for details about which printer messages are recorded in the printer log file and which ones are recorded in the system messages file 5 13 4 Server Log File The server log file contents depend on the operating sys tem Usually the log file shows messages from all the EtherShare servers such as status d OK ez unsuccess ful or illegal login server name AppleTalk NVE ad dress user name starting date time duration of execution CPU time and memory see figure 86 Server log files are arranged by date Every night at mid night the UNIX cron program starts automatically in the background and renames the log file information of the last seven days The file Today becomes the file Yester day Yesterday is renamed into T wo Days Ago and so on You can then select e g t
83. TCP IP or AppleTalk pid process ID name string attempted login name time decimal attempted login time seconds since 1 1 1970 UNIX time t values A 7 Technical notes A 7 2 PostScript RIP INITs in the EtherShare Admin A 61 A7 2 PostScript RIP INITs in the EtherShare Admin Printer INITs in the EtherShare Admin must not contain the exitserver operator because the following print job will not execute properly This is because the INIT is sent to the printer in the same PAP RIP session as the following job Discussion The INIT does not normally need to perma nently change the server dictionary because it automatical ly pre fixes each and every print job Furthermore it is not recommended to try and change the server dictionary in an Admin INIT because serverdict information is written each time you print to RIP EEPROM and the latter has a pro gramming life of 10 000 cycles only Solution Simplify the INIT by removing the exitserver operator If possible the INIT should also be designed to test the pa rameter it wants to change first in order to see if the param eter already has the required value This saves RIP processing time For example INIT recommended in the RIP manual serverdict begin 0 exitserver statusdict begin 2400 setresolution end INIT recommended for use in EtherShare Admin statusdict begin resolution 2400 eq not 2400 setresolution if end A 62 A 7 Technical notes
84. The Desktop Server Program The rebuild process will always add files to the desktop da tabase in order to allow file name searches in the volume desktop database This requires that a resource for every file folder is available During an EtherShare desktop rebuild missing resource di rectories and resource files are automatically created for all directories in the EtherShare volume including the vol ume root directory existing directory IDs are verified and missing ones are created With files missing file IDs are created and existing file IDs are verified Missing resource files are created as well The file type in that case is substituted by a dummy e g UNIX UNKN The generic UNIX icons and extension mapped icons are created later by the File Server when the corresponding folder is first opened Note that a desktop rebuild with EtherShare 2 6 and the cre ation of missing resource files may cause difficulties if you try to access these files from an EtherShare 2 2 or older server via NFS Old EtherShare versions cannot display such files properly the icons are displayed blank There fore you should make sure that in a multi EtherShare Serv er environment all servers are updated to EtherShare 2 6 By default the rebuild program uses two passes to update the volume desktop database The two pass approach does have the benefit that on volumes where duplicate file fold er IDs exist usually resulting from manipul
85. The asterisk in the pass word field specifies that it is not possible to switch to this group dynamically after logging on The group number is followed by a list of the group members One of the mem bers is already known to us David Note that since David s entry in etc passwd specified a primary group for him with the number 16 group 16 also needs to be included in Jetc group as follows Projects 21 David Tim Rita MacUsers 16 The user name David does not need specifying here since the group has already been clearly assigned to him in Jetc passwd Users that are not registered in the system but still need ac cess to the network from time to time can log on to the File Server as a guest The administrator can configure Ether Share to either accept or reject guest access During logging on guests are not required to enter either user name or password Guests only have access to public volumes and do not have a private volume If necessary guests can be denied access to specific public volumes by suitably configuring the access privileges of the volumes 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups 299 Deleting users Although guest users do not need to enter a user name guest access must still be allocated a dummy user name in etc passwd and declared in the main configuration file atalk conf under guest ia in order to allow guests to be members of groups In o
86. The rebuild program offers an option to clean delete re source orphans As discussed earlier the File Server creates resource files for files created by UNIX applications when the corresponding folder is opened However when you de lete a file directly from the UNIX host the matching re source remains untouched But when you delete a file from a Macintosh the resource file is deleted too So particularly if your EtherShare volume contains a mix ture of Macintosh files and UNIX only files after a period of time the volume will tend to collect a number of unused resource orphans wasting space Calling the rebuild program will automatically delete the resource orphans You would have to specify the not clean resource orphans switch of the rebuild program to prevent the program from automatic deletion Alternatively you can specify the nocleanorphans switch for the rebuild program in 338 10 The Desktop Server 10 2 The Desktop Server Program Calling rebuild Readonly volumes atalk conf causing orphans to be maintained each time a desktop rebuild takes place see chapter 10 3 Parameters of the rebuild program Call the rebuild program from a UNIX shell as follows rebuild switches path of volume root The available switches are n output to system messages file instead of stdout 0 open Desktop file only repair if corrupted SE force Desktop file to be rebuilt forc
87. V lpr from the Print Server i iei A 66 Contents A 7 6 A 7 T A 7 8 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 A 9 1 A 9 2 A 9 3 A 9 4 A 9 5 Accessing the Print Server through Remote LPR AA A 68 AppleTalk kernel configuration A 69 A 7 7 1 Loadable Drivers A 69 A 7 7 2 Re linking the kernel A 71 UNIX kernel tuning eeeeeesss A 73 IP configuration Reference Part A 75 The Desktop utilities A 83 Introduction eiae Ee A 84 Do need the dt utilities A 85 How to install the dt utilities A 88 Notes about error messages A 89 Command descriptions ssssse A 90 A9 5 1 General remarks A 90 A9 5 2 dt no argument A 93 A 9 5 3 dli douanes A 94 A9 5 4 dtrmdir ipte es A 95 A9 5 5 n A 96 Lee ME A 98 AO 5 ASET siste E A 100 A9 5 8 dtiddump sss A 104 A9 5 9 dt lS 5 eie te A 104 A 9 5 10 dt mkdir eseese A 107 A 9 5 11 dt touch sss A 108 A 9 5 12 dt pd siete A 108 A 9 5 13 dt chmod A 109 Contents A 9 5 14 dt CHOWN sssssssss A 111 9 5 15 dt chgrp in A 112 A 9 5 16 dt idi
88. Version 2 5 8 Available Zones Zones providing ES Services none lt gt Shared Zone for le 1 Zone of lea Use left arrow CTRL H to remove zone 4 Zones Fig A 24 Removing items from Zones providing ES Services A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration A 39 Priorities in atalk conf Reconfiguring network connections The Auto Zones button in the dialog can be used to make sure that for each active interface at least one of its zones is registered EtherShare services can only be registered in local zones i e in zones that have been set up on a network segment ca ble which is directly connected to the server Note The lists in the dialog Available Zones and Zones providing ES Services would be empty if Automatic configuration was activated In atalk conf the line atalkd indicates the zones that are available The line zones will be checked by all starting server processes such as afpsrv papsrv to find out in which zones they have to register In case the line zones is missing in atalk conf and there is no zone entry for the server the server processes will register in the default zone The default zone can be seen when using the zones 1 command on a UNIX shell In the list of zones the default zone is marked by a If your network changes on segment
89. add a corresponding entry with blank pass word to the AFP user list as follows username You should then set up initial passwords immediately Please note that on creation the AFP user list initially con tains blank passwords The afppasswd program then asks for the root password Other EtherShare users can set up their own passwords which here even could be blanks though this is not recommended or the system administra tor can allocate initial passwords for them Change pass words by calling the password program SESDIR afppasswd from UNIX or with the Change password button in the Chooser For the following reasons it is better to set up passwords with the Chooser or with the ESDIR afppasswd pro gram rather than with the usr bin passwd program 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups 295 Creating users O SESDIR afppasswd automatically sets up the same password in both password files etc passwd and the optional SESDIR conf afppasswd If you use usr bin passwd instead a particular user might end up with a different password for UNIX server access and EtherShare access which is inconvenient O SESDIR afppasswd automatically maintains Yellow Pages entries if used The EtherShare Admin offers a convenient way of adding new users including UNIX host users with the advantage that Yellow Pages entries if used are also maintained automatically As dis
90. always open the setup window dialog first and check whether the update search path is cor rect compare figure 14 Helios Update Installer U1 1 Update search path cdrom updates data updates Language US Engl tahirei iren t Cancel Ok separated list with update directories The Express Update window Fig 14 The Setup dialog window If you have to replace the path entry use the BACKSPACE key to delete the old one You can enter several search paths at a time in case you have different updates repositories In figure 14 e g we have defined two search paths They are 66 99 separated by a The easiest way of installing updates is to use the Express Update option In the Express Update window see fig ure 15 you only have to select the product you want to up date The correct Install path is detected automatically 4 Installation 84 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer by the update installer However itis possible to overwrite the path entry The installation will be performed automat ically when you click the ox button ate Installer Ul 1 Express Update significantly simplifies your update installation You only have to select the HELIOS Product and the product installation path Express Update will automatically determine your current update configuration and install all necessary updates to generate the most
91. an error queue because you will get details about the mistakes that have occurred To open a specific log file select Printer Log File from the Lists menu and specify the required day see figure 84 File Edit BEC Printer Help Users Groups Volumes Printers Fonts Active Users Printer Log File Today Server Log File Yesterday System Messages Two Days Ago Versions Three Days Ago Extension Mappings Four Days Ago OPI Server Settings Five Days Ago PDF Settings Six Days Ago IP Access Seven Days A Fig 84 Opening a printer log file Printer log files are arranged by date Every night at mid night the UNIX cron program starts automatically in the background and renames the log file information of the last seven days The file Today becomes the file Yester day Yesterday is renamed into Two Days Ago and so on You can then select e g the printer log file of Three Days Ago Log files which are older than seven days are deleted automatically gt From the printer log file you can open the related messages files with a double click on the respective items compare 5 EtherShare Admin 174 5 13 Other lists and accounting files figure 85 This is especially helpful when errors have oc curred error status O ipmrPrinter Log File Today HH Status Printer User Document
92. and its sole member is Doris Projects 21 David Tim MacUsers 18 Doris Fig A 5 Example of etc group The file ESDIR conf afpvolumes contains an entry for each public File Server volume In this example figure A 6 four public volumes have been configured EtherShare Ap plications EtherShare Projects and MO Disk Each user s optional private volume list which is disabled by de fault afpvolumes in the user s home directory has the same format EtherShare Applications EtherShare and Projects are accessible to members of the helios group Ether Share Applications is also accessible to the developers A 1 Sample configurations group MO Disk is accessible to the developers group only For space reasons the first line starting usr and ending developers is shown on two lines in figure A 6 in real ity it is a single line without a hyphen in read only SESDIR conf afpvolumes usr macapps EtherShare Applications fixed read only helios developers usr ethershare EtherShare fixed readwrite helios usr Projects Projects fixed readwrite helios mo MO Disk changeable readwrite developers Fig A 6 Example of ESDIR conf afpvolumes A 1 Sample configurations Font Directory Figure A 7 shows an example of ESDIR psfonts FontDirectory Helvetica ZapfDingbats Book
93. appropriate UNIX documentation Generally the sections describing Performance tuning in the respective manuals may be read carefully A 8 IP configuration Reference Part A 75 Appendix A 8 IP configuration Reference Part General remarks Access control via addresses and domains under UNIX AppleShare IP offers some new features that are quite use ful for your EtherShare UNIX Macintosh network In the following we give you a rather short summary of configu rations we recommend when using TCP IP For advice on the software requirements please refer to chapter 5 13 8 IP Access IP access configuration can be performed on a Macintosh using the EtherShare Admin program or under UNIX using an editor such as vi The Macintosh solution is much eas ier and more convenient it is described in chapter 5 13 8 Before proceeding with this paragraph please read About defaults in chapter 5 13 8 IP Access If you configure IP access under UNIX you have to change the afpipaccess configuration file This does not require stop start atalk EtherShare will read the configuration file on every login The script SESDIR etc mkipaccess will create an initial configuration file in ESDIR conf afpipaccess allowing access to clients on the same network segment only This file may contain the following statements allow ipaddr mask deny ipaddr mask A 8 IP configuration Reference Par
94. arranges all the windows see figure 142 7 HELIOS Terminal 246 7 4 Configuring the connection File Edit Settings Session Windows Keys E ibm IBM AIX Version 3 for RISC System 6a00 C Copyrights by IBM and by others 1982 1998 login _ Fig 142 Multiple sessions showing stacked windows 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 5 Copy and paste 247 7 5 Copy and paste The Edit menu contains the typical Macintosh options for processing selected blocks of text see figure 143 Ima Settings Baio KS opu xc as o x Zeng ppi Tabie Select All 368A Preferences Clipboard i i E E E Fig 143 Edit menu The special option Copy Table is a variant of the Copy op tion which automatically replaces one or more blanks by a Tab character This makes it easy to copy tabular infor mation from the UNIX host into a spreadsheet program on the Macintosh Particularly for tables it is useful to be able to mark a rect angular block for copying rather than using the normal Macintosh way of highlighting a block of text You can se lect a rectangular area by pressing the Command key while you are marking the area with the mouse In figure 144 this option has been used to omit the first three screen columns on the left This is especially helpful in conjunction with the Copy Ta ble option after selecting the rectangle you want choose 7 HELIOS Terminal 248 7 5 Copy and paste Copy Table
95. atalk will interrupt all of them Note stop atalk does not unload the AppleTalk kernel modules The swho command can be used to list all currently ac tive EtherShare and PCShare child server processes to gether with the process ID PID the network address EtherShare AppleTalk IP address PCShare internet ad dress or client name user name and process starting time swho Server PID PCShare 15984 AFPServer 56438 MailServer 26744 AFPServer 16812 AFPServer 27866 AFPServer 46534 UNIXTerminal 24730 UNIXTerminal 23084 PCShare 29610 Address deskjetpc helios 0029 062 249 0029 062 248 dyn 3 234 helios dyn 3 233 helios dyn 3 227 helios 0026 072 249 0029 216 249 dyn 3 248 helios User nobody support support sam paul michael michael unknown nobody W ch T T T T T zy T T nen nu nu nu nu nu nu nu nu nu PCShare is another networking product from HELIOS It is described briefly in the glossary 8 The EtherShare System 8 5 AppleTalk stack utility programs 261 Use the c switch to include an optional comment field which shows more information on the session EtherShare file servers AFPServer show the names of the currently mounted Macintosh volumes PCShare servers show the name of the corresponding mounted UNIX directory or print command swho Server PID Address User When Comment AdminServer 9692 rans root Wed AFPServer 9715 Son sam Wed
96. automati cally perform the installation of all available updates for the chosen product O Custom Update lets you select the updates you want to install O Remove Updates allows you to uninstall certain up dates O Commit Updates removes backup files and makes up dates permanent Usually if you install an update the system stores a backup file of your old EtherShare ver sion This allows you to uninstall the update in case of problems and to return to your initial installation If new updates work as expected you may want to remove the backup files This can be achieved by using the Commit Updates Option O List Updates lets you list all available updates and can also be used to display the update info texts that de scribe the purpose of the respective updates O List History gives information about the date of pre vious update installations The list tells you who did what and when he did it O setup allows you to set preferences e g change the search path This can be necessary if you move the up date files to another directory or if you have the CD ROM and additional update repositories 82 4 Installation 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer Precautions Navigating the update installer Note that the update installer does not automatically stop EtherShare because this is usually not required However to avoid problems we recommend to stop all printer queues before starting to i
97. can also use workstations other than Macintosh and mail programs other than HELIOS Mail with the Ether Share Mail Server HELIOS Mail offers an editor and an address book func tion Incoming mail is received in the background and noti fied by a Mail Notification Feature which displays a dialog box including the Subject and the New mail from lines if you receive mail You also receive EtherShare serv 3 Introduction 3 2 Introduction to EtherShare and AppleTalk 19 er messages such as printer messages via electronic mail If you have a modem attached to the UNIX host and config ured for UNIX mail uucp you can also communicate with several hundred thousand users of this worldwide e mail system The Adminis The Macintosh program EtherShare Admin makes it very tration Server easy for system administrators to configure EtherShare and Ether from one of the Macintosh workstations It can also be used Share Admin g by regular users to check the configuration However they are prevented from making any changes EtherShare Admin communicates with EtherShare through the Administration Server The Administration Server runs on the UNIX host while EtherShare Admin runs on the Macintosh workstations The communication between these two programs takes place through a custom protocol derived from the AppleTalk Filing Protocol AFP which was especially developed by HELIOS Software GmbH for this purpose and is transparent to othe
98. can be read Amendment or deleting of files is not allowed New files and folders cannot be created The directory contents is not visible and files in the folder cannot be read amended or deleted However new files and folders can still be created since the folder acts as a drop folder Drop Box 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 7 Access privileges 313 None Correlation to UNIX access privileges Access to the files and folders is not possible New files and folders cannot be created and the folder cannot be deleted The following table shows the four combinations of access privileges for the EtherShare File Server and the corre sponding rights in the UNIX file system Remember that the files which are stored in the folders have always the same access privileges as the folders themselves EtherShare File Server UNIX file system Read amp Write rwx read write execute Read only r x read execute Write only Drop Box wx write None Note The System V UNIX semantics use x on directories whereas s provides an additional bit in BSD UNIX for setting group IDs For more detailed information see also Creating new volumes under UNIX in 9 7 Ac cess privileges and the respective UNIX documenta tion The Finder s Sharing program in the File menu can be used to display and edit the access privileges Figure 151 shows the privileges for a folder named contracts and figure152 dis
99. could not be written This indicates a UNIX system call failure s is an ex planatory error message Cannot open job history file 6s m The print job s history file could not be opened due to a UNIX system call failure Cannot seek in job history file 96s m The print job s history file could not be sought due to a UNIX system call failure 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 479 Cannot seek in job log file m The print job s message log file could not be sought due to a UNIX system call failure Cannot write to job history file Ge m Writing to a print job s history file failed due to a UNIX system call failure Cannot write to job log file m Writing to a print job s message log file failed due to a UNIX system call failure Cannot add job history to control file s The job history file entry could not be appended to a job s control file s is an explanatory error message Cannot find resource Gei s The HELIOS resource s could not be found This indi cates a corrupted program file s is an explanatory error message Cannot create stream from pagecount string m A file stream could not be created due to a system call fail ure Cannot fstat Ge m Information on an open file could not be retrieved due to a UNIX system call failure 17 Technical support 480 17 3 Error Messages Cannot query hold queue status s The status of the hold queue
100. files Desktop and DeskServer from a mounted volume or manipulate them directly This may cause not only data loss for this volume but may cause problems for all defined volumes on the server In case you want to backup re store these files make sure that EtherShare and PCShare if you are sharing volumes are stopped completely prior to your backup restore operation Only if you stop EtherShare by means of stop atalk and stop access from other EtherShare servers inter mediate access to these files from EtherShare pro cesses can be prevented Finally move the restored files with e g dt mv data restore data mypics into their final destination This procedure avoids any data loss and may be used on a mounted destination volume Usually new unused file IDs are assigned when you copy files to a backup destination It may however be sensible to keep the file ID using the x option Thus the file can be re used with its original ID This is especially useful if you are using Macintosh aliases pointing to these files folders You should use this option sensibly In case a complete desktop rebuild has been con ducted after your backup operation aliases may point to the wrong destination To avoid any problems it may be a good idea to run an in tegrity check for the destination volume using the rebuild s command before restoring any files A 9 The Desktop utilities A 122 A 10 Macintosh and W
101. flag du 0 This simplifies 13 The Administration Server 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program 423 permission considerations when printing especially if the print job contains external references to OPI images or Include comments This feature is associated with a slight security risk Specify daemonuid to instruct the EtherShare Admin to set the user of the printer daemon to the ID of another user for example to ID 1 user dae mon An alternative option for the system administrator is to change the du flag value for all printer entries in etc printcap manually The default for idnumber is 0 the ID of root 424 13 The Administration Server 13 4 Administration Server utility program Restarting the Admin Server 13 4 Administration Server utility program If you are unlucky enough to experience a system crash the following temporary files are occasionally left over by the admsrv program ptmp gtmp atmp and vtmp in the directories etc or ESDIR conf They must be deleted before restarting admsrv to ensure proper functioning of this program This is done automati cally by the start atalk script 13 The Administration Server 13 5 Configuration with Yellow Pages 425 13 5 Configuration with Yellow Pages The Administration Server has been designed to support the UNIX yellow pages NIS system which in a network of several UN
102. from any Macintosh computer in the Apple Talk network multiple session capability In order to use HELIOS Terminal the Terminal Server must already be running on the host you want to connect to EtherShare is configured to start the Terminal Server auto matically when UNIX is booted It communicates with HELIOS Terminal through the Apple Data Stream Protocol ADSP the protocol is transparent to other AppleTalk de vices HELIOS Terminal uses Apple s Communications Tool box utility with its ADSP driver the communication tool AppleTalk ADSP and the emulation tool VT320 they are shown in figure 134 See also chapter 4 6 The client installation procedure AppleTalk ADSP Tool T320 Tool Fig 134 Tools in the Extensions subfolder of the local System Folder 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 2 Starting HELIOS Terminal 239 7 2 Starting HELIOS Terminal During the installation of EtherShare the installation pro gram automatically creates a public Macintosh volume with the name EtherShare Applications This volume is used to store Macintosh applications such as HELIOS Terminal HELIOS Mail and EtherShare Admin You can start HELIOS Terminal from any of the Macintosh workstations on the network by choosing and opening the network volume EtherShare Applications opening the HELIOS Terminal folder and clicking twice on the HELIOS Terminal icon After loading HELIOS Terminal usually shows a copyr
103. g be used for automatic generation of PDF files You can print to files in a specific UNIX directory and induce the Acrobat Distiller software to scan this directory regularly and convert incoming files to PDF Choose the connection Balance Group figure 66 in the printer data window to set up a group of printers for load balancing that is for shifting print jobs to a second or third printer in a group whenever the first printer is busy with a huge job To specify a group of printers you just have to drag and drop the desired printers from the Printers window to the respective field in the printer data window see figure 66 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 153 Hold Queue connection O E ipmrPrinters balance H Printer Name baane Spool Directory var spool balance Hold Queue hold sl Error Queue error zl E Banner Page O Hide Queue v Rccounting File O Require Authentication Connection Balance Group gt Printers color color2 Fig 66 Data for a load balancing queue on host ibm Hold and error queues can be defined using the Hold Queue connection as shown in figure 67 The Hide Queue option will be set automatically for this type of queues because usually users should not be al lowed to print directly to a hold or error queue see para graph Creating printers above for the purpose of hold and error queues The dialog l
104. gram is comparable to the former Macintosh application InterePoll However it is a very sophisticated program that can be used on different occasions not only for veri fying the installation vpoll is an interactive program that lets you set several parameters before starting the network check and it lets you observe how fast the different devices in your network respond to the network check After installation vpoll is available in the ESDIR di rectory To start the program just enter cd usr local es vpoll Figure 3 shows the startup screen of the program with the default settings Note that vpoll provides the information online but also allows to save the data in a file Use Ctrl W for that pur pose If you press CTRL W e g in the Device List win 66 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation dow you will be queried for a Logfile Name where current settings and lists should be saved as ASCII Subse quent saves will be appended to the logfile After finishing and restarting vpoll the first CTRL W you enter will in duce the program to query for a Logfile Name again cc 1997 HELIOS Software ibm poll Version 1 1 Select Zone Device Matching HELIOS FDDI HELIOS I HELIOS II HELIOS Support HELIOS Tokenring Name Type Select Sorting By name Ascending 4 gt Descending Start vpoll with current se
105. holdif balanceif and psresolve They are created in the ESDIR directory during installation In conjunction with the UNIX system programs lpr Ipd and mail their purpose is to process and spool print jobs received via AppleTalk and pass them on to shared printers connected to the UNIX host either through Ethernet TCP IP Shared Memory or via a serial interface The host is normally con figured to start papsrv automatically when UNIX is boot ed EtherShare s Print Server is based on the BSD printing system If your host uses the System V printing system e g Sun Solaris 2 x the Print Server automatically uses its own BSD style lpr program which is provided in the SESDIR directory in such cases driver description papif AppleTalk Printer Access Protocol printers interface program psif serially connected printers interface program tcpif TCP IP stream amp Remote LPR printers interface pro gram shmif Shared Memory interface program diskif Print To Disk interface program holdif hold queue interface program balanceif balance queue interface program psresolve pseudo interface program for use without Ipd Table 3 Printer interface programs 11 The Print Server 11 3 The Print Server Programs 353 papsrv psof papsrv is the program that implements Printer Access Protocol PAP functions for the Print Server PAP is used in Apple
106. however it will be necessary to configure your network manually The usage of the netconf program is described later in this manual See A 3 3 Network automatic config uration option for a technical explanation of automatic configuration and the other paragraphs of the appendix for details about manual configuration of network interfaces and zones Unless you opt for manual network configuration the EtherShare base system is now fully installed and is ready for testing Press ENTER to reach the EtherShare Installa tion Menu again and choose 6 to check the information given in the README file and then item 7 to quit the install program Your choice 7 The EtherShare configuration is now finished If you want to add printers users groups or volumes read the book first and use vi or use our EtherShare Admin application from one of the Macs The latter is much easier even if you are experienced with vi the famous UNIX editor For No kernel generation necessary only If loadable modules are supported and enabled you will not be asked 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure 57 to reboot Instead the installation program will start Ether Share automatically and you will see the Networking Products Installer CD ROM menu again Select Quit to finish the installation procedure on the host and go on with the verification and client installation chapters 4 5 4 6 Networking Products I
107. if TCP connect fails TCP Connect Timeout Seconds Tickle Interval Seconds Default TCP Port 1024 TCP Buffers per session Restore Default Settings aate Fig A 27 Setting up a default TCP port on a Macintosh A 8 IP configuration Reference Part A 79 Configuring The above mentioned AppleShare Client Setup tool is message also very useful for defining timeouts for server messages delivery You can induce your Macintosh to close specific message dialogs automatically after a given period of time This can be sensible because otherwise all processes that are run ning on your computer will be stopped until you close the message window Figure A 28 shows an example configu ration The settings are always valid for one client only w File Edit RppleShare Client Setup AppleShare Client Setup for AppleShare Chooser Extension Dialogs t Alert Timeout Messages Dismiss Dialog after Seconds O Server Greeting v Server Message O Server is Shutting Down C Server has Shut Down I Server Shutdown Cancelled J User will be Disconnected J User has been Disconnected J User Disconnect Cancelled J Server Unexpectedly Shut Down J Fig A 28 AppleShare settings for incoming server messages A 80 A 8 IP configuration Reference Part Learn more about the AppleShare Client Setup New Ether Share parameter for volume modification chec
108. in a second time when you start HELIOS Mail See also the autologin parameter in chapter 14 3 Parame ters of the mailsrv program for related information 236 6 HELIOS Mail 6 10 Mail Notification Feature Please note that O if you have not initialized the Mail Notification Fea ture in this way no login box will appear and the init will not be active This does not stop you from using HELIOS Mail You just will not get any automatic no tification O both the Mail Notification Feature and HELIOS Mail notice automatically if you have already mounted EtherShare volumes on the desktop with the Chooser from the host where the Mail Server is installed In this case you do not have to log in a second time However if you want to suppress automatic notification of incoming mail do the following steps Choose Control Panels from the Apple menu and then se lect the Extensions Manager In the Extensions folder uncheck the Helios Mail Init icon and click the Restart button The next time you start your Macintosh as long as the HELIOS Mail program is not running no notification of incoming mail will occur 7 HELIOS Terminal 237 T HELIOS Terminal 238 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 1 General remarks 7 1 General remarks This chapter describes the configuration and use of the Macintosh program HELIOS Terminal which allows to make simultaneous terminal connections to one or more UNIX hosts
109. installation The chapter contains a list of hardware and software requirements and gives detailed instructions on how to install EtherShare from our CD ROM It explains how to add program updates and how to verify the instal lation e g by using our vpoll utility Finally it describes how to uninstall EtherShare if necessary 1 About the chapters of this manual Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Description of the Macintosh software modules 5 EtherShare Admin thoroughly explains the Macintosh administration program EtherShare Admin It shows how to configure EtherShare e g users groups volumes print ers and fonts and how to control print jobs extension mapping tables and IP access 6 HELIOS Mail gives advice on how to use EtherShare s mail program It describes how to change the preferences how to handle incoming mails how to set up and send new mails and how to use the program s functions for process automation such as address book signature and vacation message 7 HELIOS Terminal describes EtherShare s terminal em ulation that can be used on every Macintosh in the Ether Share network Description of the server software modules 8 The EtherShare System describes the AppleTalk proto col stack that forms the core of the EtherShare system 9 The EtherShare File Server describes the function the configuration and the operation of the fil
110. installed printer fonts and PostScript dicts respectively The former directory is initially empty and the latter con tains several special dict files The Print Server automat ically captures more dict files there when you use EtherShare Please see appendix A 2 Files in the EtherShare directo ry for more details about the files that make up EtherShare After installing printers the EtherShare Admin adds new entries to the UNIX file etc printcap In some cases the install program needs to rebuild the hosts s kernel A copy of the old kernel is retained under the name vmunix noatalk to allow you to boot if the new kernel does not work successfully The install program also adds the following command to the file etc rc local or etc inittab if f usr local es start atalk then usr local es start atalk fu 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation 61 Checking the process list This command is necessary to automatically start the Ether Share server programs when booting UNIX The install program automatically sets up the EtherShare main configuration file atalk conf with default values for the parameters The values can be changed if necessary by using an editor such as vi but we strongly recommend that you do this with the EtherShare Admin program and the network configuration option of the install program instead The first thing to do after
111. is ignored if Save name is checked and EtherShare Admin will immediately open the windows last specified with your preferences after you have entered your password If you have also checked Save password the Login dialog will be skipped too Important For maximum security do not use the Save password option 100 5 EtherShare Admin 5 4 Setting Admin preferences Starting program User home directory Primary group Spool directory Minimum User ID Minimum Group ID Language Three of the default parameters which are prompted when creating a new user can be specified here the user s Start ing program login the User home directory and the Primary group Setting appropriate defaults can save time when creating new users since these three fields are gener ally configured with similar entries The entry in the User home directory field should be terminated with a char acter Use this field to configure the default spool directory to be used when creating a new printer Setting an appropriate default can save time when setting up new printers since this field is generally the same for all printers The entry in the Spool directory field should be terminated with a 7 character If required the spool directory can be set to swap out the spool files to other file systems hard disks but you should avoid NFS mounted spool directories because of the performance loss Important When setting u
112. is pro tected by EtherShare and is normally invisible to Macintosh users The application data records in each Desktop file contain the information required to assign documents to the Macin tosh applications that created them The Macintosh s Finder uses this information to start the corresponding application when the user double clicks on a particular doc ument Each time a new application is copied into an Ether Share volume the desktop server creates a new entry in the corresponding desktop database file The icon data records in each Desktop file contain icons from all the applications in the volume sorted by type and creator codes In order to let the Finder display icons for documents and applications each application contains icon images bit maps for its own icons in several sizes and styles and icons for all the document types it can create For example Mi crosoft Word can create text glossary dictionary docu ments etc each with its own icon Each icon is associated with unique file type and file creator codes The applica 332 10 The Desktop Server 10 2 The Desktop Server Program Directory and file IDs tion s documents normally contain the file type and file cre ator codes only stored in their resource forks but no icons See The structure of volumes and files in chapter 9 3 Directory and file formats for more information Each time a new application is copied into a local Macin t
113. issued together with the exact and complete output pro duced by the dt utilities and or other UNIX programs you have used If you can use a scrollable command window e g within XWindows OpenWindows CDE or similar tools this will facilitate the task of providing this information especially since the history of earlier command sequences is also available in this window O Letus have the output of Is Ja for the directory where you applied the dt command as well as for the corre sponding rsrc directory In case you applied a change recursively you can simply use Is IaR O If you used a dt command which processes a source and destination file folder please submit all the infor mation for both source and destination O Let us have the output of ps efl or ps aux respec tively O Let us have the output of 5ESDIR swho c and PCDIR swho c O Let us have the output of df 17 Technical support 17 1 Support options 453 O Specify the contents of the system messages files since the last start of EtherShare O Let us have a description of what you wanted to achieve and what you think has happened O Is the result reproducible or does it emerge only occa sionally Any clue on the suspected pattern will be helpful O Incase you have additional information available e g core files trace output please store it safely and make a note in your report do on
114. it is much easier to use the EtherShare Admin instead It offers all options that are required for a standard access control configuration Some additional pa rameters are available under UNIX only By default access is restricted to the local network To make use of IP access control you have to install run Open Transport 1 1 2 or later System Software 7 6 or later for Macintosh clients e New AppleShare client for Macintosh clients This new client is available from Apple http www apple com appleshareip Look for file appieshare Client 3 8 1 or later Note System Software 8 includes the AppleShare IP client software If no access list is available any AppleShare client in the Internet will be able to access your server The EtherShare installation program therefore automatically creates an ac cess list This list will allow all locally connected Apple Share clients to access the server clients on the same network segment and it will deny access to the server to any other computer outside 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 183 Description of Figure 92 shows an example of an IP access list The list is the access list sorted At first it contains all addresses of computers net works to which access is explicitly denied Then it lists those to which access is allowed At the end it contains a Deny any other entry that denies server access to all com puters networks that do
115. list ESDIR conf afpvol umes 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list 121 Itis now possible to change the volume name the UNIX di rectory of the volume the volume password and the check boxes for Exchangeable Read Only Invisible and Unicode The volume Groups list is described later in this chapter If you change the Directory entry keep in mind that Ether Share does only create one new subdirectory Parent direc tories must already exist Only check Exchangeable for removable media attached to the UNIX host which are normally changed while the hostis running e g magneto optical drives Do not check Exchangeable for local volumes and for storage mounted remotely e g through NFS The latter is usually mounted automatically on booting UNIX Removable media such as magneto optical disks and CD ROMs must be mounted with a UNIX command or prefer ably by using the EtherShare Admin before they can be mounted on the desktop with the Chooser To mount a removable volume select the volume in the Uolumes list of the EtherShare Admin and choose Mount from the Volume menu Removable media must be formatted with a UNIX UFS file system which is compatible to your host They will be unreadable if they are formatted with the Macintosh HFS file system Make sure the Read Only checkbox status reflects the rea donly flag set under UNIX This must be checked for ex changeable media which are write protected w
116. machine ID of this computer is 00205420 63 Install programs and configuration files Install and configure AppleTalk kernel modules Enter activation key to license HELIOS programs Create a demo user Configure AppleTalk network numbers Display README file Quit YHOU QN HG Your choice 3 3 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure 53 The installation program displays a brief explanation about the HELIOS licensing scheme This information is also in cluded in chapter Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 at the be ginning of this manual After providing the license information the installation program will prompt Press return to continue gt Press RETURN and then select item 1 or 2 depending on whether you want to install a new base license or expand an existing license from the EtherShare License Menu that is shown below EtherShare License Menu The machine ID of this computer is 00205420 63 Enter a EtherShare base license Enter an user expansion license Display licenses Delete a license Return to main menu OS GA h k Your choice 1 1 gt Enter your 8 digit software serial number Software serial number 8 digits q to quit 54080022 gt Enter an expiration date if you have a demo license If you have a full license leave the next field blank Expiration date eg 1 Oct 1991 q to quit I 54 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX ins
117. mail HELIOS Mail requires to install and configure your host s mail program e g sendmail If you have a modem at tached to your host and configured for UNIX mail uucp youcan also communicate with several million users of this worldwide e mail system EtherShare s built in TCP POP3 Server allows you to use mail clients other than Macintosh and mail applications other than HELIOS Mail 14 The Mail Server 14 2 The Mail Server Program 431 mailsrv 14 2 The Mail Server Program The Mail Server system consists of the program mailsrv It is created automatically in the ESDIR directory dur ing installation EtherShare is configured to start mailsrv automatically when UNIX is booted mailsrv implements mail server functions on the host and manages the communication with HELIOS Mail and the UNIX mail programs on the host It also notifies Macin tosh users of incoming mail via the Mail Notification Fea ture which runs in the background on each workstation Each new login request from the HELIOS Mail program on a Macintosh workstation starts a new host process 432 14 The Mail Server 14 3 Parameters of the mailsrv program name type zone 14 3 Parameters of the mailsrv program When it starts the Mail Server program mailsrv first ac cesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its configuration The install program automatically sets u
118. main system backup Users should be encouraged to regu larly archive their own private volumes and folders in or der to be able to access older versions of files at a later stage if required By accessing the UNIX server directly the administrator can archive all volumes in a single process and at the same time benefit from the high data transfer rates available through UNIX since the files do not first need to be trans ferred via the network provided that the hard disks and 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 8 Data backup 319 cpio and tar ufsdump and restore tape systems are directly linked to the server and not con nected at another point in the network Since UNIX com puters are usually provided with some kind of built in tape streamer this method also has the advantage that no addi tional hardware needs to be purchased Various UNIX system programs allow convenient backup of directories and files the most common programs used 66 for this purpose are the programs ufsdump cpio and H tar Important Make sure while performing a data backup from a UNIX system that the volume to be stored is not cur rently used by Macintosh clients or opisrv or dt Otherwise the result would be inconsistent file rsrc data The volume s Desktop and DeskServer files may not be backed up because at times of restoring they would be different from the volume s content cpi
119. may cause serious problems 118 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list 5 8 Volumes list The Volumes list shows all public AppleShare volumes known to EtherShare see figure 41 The Administration Server automatically creates this list by inspecting the EtherShare public volume list ESDIR conf afpvolumes If the Volumes list is not already open choose Volumes from the Lists menu Changing volume data File Edit MINON volume Help Volumes Si EtherShare Printers Gi EtherShare Applications Fonts Helios Active Users Si ICC Profiles Printer Log File gt OP Test Server Log File k Programme System Messages Versions Extension Mappings OP Server Settings PDF Settings IP Access Fig 41 Uolumes list on host ibm Before changing volume data make sure that the volume is not in use All users should unmount the volume because changes take effect immediately and this could lead to strange effects e g if you set a volume to Read Only In order to change the parameters for a particular volume you have to open the data window that displays all available information about the selected volume 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list 119 Open the Volumes list select the volume name and choose Open from the File menu or double click on the volume name Figure 42 shows volume data for a removable magneto op tical disk In figure
120. not appear in the list before The representation of any other is 0 0 0 0 for Address and 0 0 0 0 for Mask If the Deny any other entry was miss ing access would by default be granted to anybody in the Internet whose address had not been entered in the De ny section Please note that the Deny any other entry can not be deleted Ei ibm IP Rccess E Access IP Address Comment 192 168 4 48 Mr Bond 172 16 8 8 255 255 252 8 helios 192 168 1 8 255 255 255 8 Company B1 192 168 2 8 255 255 255 8 Company B2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Deny any other Remove Entry Fig 92 Example of an IP access list The access list will always be sorted that way automatical ly This allows the program to go through the list from top to bottom and react very quickly E g if an IP address is de nied the program can send the respective message after go ing through the Deny section only it does not have to check the whole list The checking mechanism is illustrated in figure 93 below 5 EtherShare Admin 184 5 13 Other lists and accounting files Access list available yes Address denied Address allowed Deny any other Display warning Establish and gt deny connection Fig 93 How the program deals with access requests connection The columns in the access list contain the following infor mation see figure 92 again 5 E
121. or directory in case it will be referenced again unless the operating system is out of free entries In the latter case the entry may not be re used but is used for a different entry that will be loaded from disk Thus if you have several megabytes of memory to spend you may increase the number of inode entries to e g 20000 which will require approximately 4 MB of RAM If the kernel fails to boot because of wrong parameters in Jetc system you can boot the system using the a op tion You will then be asked which files and partitions to use when asked for etc system just answer dev null instead EtherShare contains highly efficient AppleTalk router modules which do not present an excessive load on the host s CPU even with heavy routing traffic You can often improve network response by installing two or more net work cards in your host and arranging your network to share traffic between two separate network segments This approach is particularly beneficial if you have installed the EtherShare OPI option in such cases we recommend in stalling a second network card to deal with printer RIP traf fic only and thus separate it from workstation traffic There is no theoretical limit to the number of network cards sup ported by the EtherShare router but generally there are no gains to be made by installing more than 3 cards except in the fastest hosts For tuning on other UNIX architectures please refer to the
122. paper misfed 18 3 Introduction 3 2 Introduction to EtherShare and AppleTalk Text to Post Script converter The Terminal Server and HELIOS Terminal The Mail Server and HELIOS Mail The various features of the Print Server are also available for MS DOS workstations connected to the network via an AppleShare client or HELIOS PCShare The pstext pro gram which is provided see paragraph below can be used for printing DOS or UNIX text files on PostScript printers The text to PostScript converter pstext converts flat ASCII files to PostScript to allow DOS and UNIX text files to be printed on PostScript printers It also allows you to print from DOS and UNIX applications which do not support PostScript pstext has facilities for switching fonts and for intelligent semi automatic pagination see chapter 12 Text to PostScript Converter The Macintosh program HELIOS Terminal allows work stations in the AppleTalk network to make one or more si multaneous connections to one or more UNIX hosts via a terminal emulation with multiple session capability HELIOS Terminal communicates with UNIX through the Terminal Server The Macintosh program HELIOS Mail allows workstations in the AppleTalk network to send electronic mail messages and files to other Macintosh or UNIX users on the network HELIOS Mail communicates with UNIX through the Mail Server With the built in TCP POP3 server in EtherShare 2 6 you
123. please refer to the explanations File and record locking in chapter 9 3 Directory and file formats With EtherShare 2 6 you can send short AFP messages to any connected client provided that EtherShare is running These messages can be sent from the UNIX server using the UNIX afpmsg program or from a Macintosh client using the EtherShare Admin program The new netconf program has been improved consider ably as far as the automation of processes is concerned The program also comes with an enhanced user interface Our new vpoll UNIX program follows the former poll program The program serves to list and check network de vices and entities vpoll is an interactive program It be haves similar to the Apple program InterPoll The new EtherShare 2 6 supports administration over AppleTalk and TCP IP This allows to manage multiple servers remotely via TCP IP connection and additionally supports concurrent TCP IP and AppleTalk connections 3 Introduction 3 6 New features of program version 2 6 31 New Admin user interface New Volume settings Easy PPD file administration Convenient hold and error queues Load balancing Printing to disk New printer administra tion groups The appearance of the Admin user interface has changed We have built icons that characterize the different items in the Lists windows We have added two checkboxes to the Volumes dialog see chapt
124. print job initiator missing user name A printer interface program could not send mail to a print job s originator because the originator is unknown No mailer program found A printer interface program could not find the required pro gram for delivering mail to a print job s originator This is mostly caused by an inappropriate system installation Cannot read from job log file m A UNIX system call error occured while reading from the job s message log file Error while opening mailer m A printer interface program could not start the required pro gram for delivering mail to a print job s originator This is mostly caused by an inappropriate system installation 17 Technical support 482 Error while writing to mailer A UNIX system call failed while piping data to the mailer program This is mostly caused by an unexpected abortion of the mailer program due to e g a lack of resources Cannot copy data to Ge m A UNIX system call failure occured while copying data to a file or location 96s Error while writing to s 96m A UNIX system call failure occured while writing data to the file s Cannot reopen file 96s m A UNIX system call failed while trying to reopen the just created file s Cannot open file 6s m A UNIX system call failed while trying to open the file Os Cannot open pipe to Ge m A UNIX system call failed while trying to open a pipe to th
125. print jobs through Remote LPR into EtherShare s BSD based printing system you must disable the local System V network printing functionality before you can do this By default the install procedure comments out the printer line in etc inetd conf A 7 Technical notes A 7 7 AppleTalk kernel configuration A 69 A7 7 AppleTalk kernel configuration In order to be able to communicate using the AppleTalk protocols EtherShare needs support from the operating system Commonly UNIX suppliers deliver the TCP IP networking protocols together with their standard operating system release but no AppleTalk networking protocols EtherShare thus contains drivers that implement the Apple Talk protocol with Ethernet On some machines Ether Share also supports other network connections like Token Ring All files that relate to the kernel side of the Ether Share system reside in the directory ESDIR kernel The following is a detailed description of what is changed in the operating system by the EtherShare installation This is probably of interest to advanced UNIX users only since the EtherShare configuration shell scripts hide most of the de tails necessary to get the AppleTalk drivers running The kernel modules come in two flavors depending upon host operating system architecture System V 4 based sys tems use a streams based architecture where each Apple Talk communication endpoint is represented as a file desc
126. registering font information in in ternal lists s is an explanatory error message Cannot read from file m A UNIX system call failed while reading from a file stream Cannot create string stream m A UNIX system call failed while creating a stream 17 3 9 balanceif error messages Cannot get job history from control file 96s The job history file reference in the control file of the cur rent print job is required but missing or damaged Missing parameter s in s The parameter s is missing in file 96s No printer queues for balancing available The list of balanced queues is empty Cannot copy job to queue Ge s An error occured while copying a job from the balance queue to the balanced queue s s is an explanatory error message 17 Technical support 488 17 3 Error Messages Cannot restart queue Oe s The balanced queue s could not be restarted s is an explanatory error message Cannot rename Oe to Ge m A UNIX system called failed while renaming file s to Os 17 3 10 diskif error messages Command s be must a named pipe or executable The configured notify program s is neither an execut able program nor a named pipe Cannot start command Gei m The notify program could not be started due to a UNIX sys tem call failure Cannot stat Ge m Information about the file s could not be gathered du
127. s directories should not be cross mounted through NFS since Ether Share will not allow you to mount the same volume twice from two different servers hosts As soon as the volume is mounted by a user from one host it will be grayed out in the Chooser for all users of other hosts The volume will be released again au tomatically when it is unmounted You can always mount the volume by logging on to the host from which it is al ready mounted of course A new volume is entered in the server Volumes list as soon as Save has been clicked If the volume data window is closed without saving the new volume entry is discarded On saving the new volume a new entry with the corre sponding volume data is made in the public volume list ESDIR conf afpvolumes See Volume size limits in chapter 9 6 Public and private volumes and Available storage space on volumes in chapter 9 10 EtherShare ver sus AppleShare for related information 126 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list Volume Groups list Especially if you store a large number of files on your EtherShare server or if the server is used by several differ ent departments in your company you probably want to subdivide the hard disk s of your EtherShare host into sev eral different logical AppleShare volumes You can then set access permissions on each volume and on individual fold ers in the volume with the Sharing option in the File menu of the Finder
128. standard editor program such as vi Most of these tasks can be carried out much easier by using the Macintosh application EtherShare Admin from one of the Macintosh workstations The EtherShare Admin application offers a high degree of convenience to the system administrator The user environ ment of the Macintosh allows the host configuration to be represented graphically with lists and windows The Ether Share Admin allows users groups volumes and printers to be installed configured and deleted from one of the work stations You can also interrogate each PostScript printer for available resident fonts and install download fonts to the print server The EtherShare Admin accesses and modifies various sys tem configuration files just as if the changes had been made with an editor However the EtherShare Admin and the Administration Server have built in safety checks to en sure that conflicting or invalid configuration settings are not possible Changes to the configuration files afpvolumes and suffixes will be recognized immediately by all afpsrv processes Any changes applied directly to the configuration files suffixes and afpvolumes with EtherShare Admin do not require a new login However changes that have been applied manually or without using EtherShare Admin at all still require that AppleShare clients unmount all volumes from the EtherShare server and login anew 90 5 EtherShare Admin
129. starting EtherShare for the first time is to check the process list with the ps command Enter the ps command ps ef ps e or ps ax de pending on your UNIX system to prompt a listing of all the processes currently running on your server the following example shows a listing on Solaris 2 x helios ps e PID TIY TIME CMD 0 de 0 01 Sched 1 0 28 Init 2 e 0 01 pageout 3 55 56 fsflush 333 console 0 01 ksh 6885 2 0 00 in rlogin 6890 2 0 00 atalkd 9181 0 08 admsrv 9209 0 00 afpsrv 9671 0 08 mailsrv 9704 0 01 termsrv 9772 0 01 desksrv 9782 2 0 25 timesrv 98458 0 00 lpd 362 console 0 00 fbconsol 355 console 0 00 xinit 62 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation Checking the RPC list If one of the EtherShare processes is missing something is wrong You should then inspect the system message file which will contain an error message from the program in question The name and location of the system message file is dependent on the operating system it is e g var adm messages for SunOS AIX and DG UX The File Server afpsrv Terminal Server termsrv Administration Server admsrv and Mail Server mailsrv each spawn an additional process for each user login so you may see these entries more than once if some one is already logged in The Print Server papsrv spawns an additional process for each printer queue and each print job You should s
130. that O netconf gets its information from the atalk conf file O If you are making an upgrade installation the install program automatically preserves your previous atalk conf file so that previously entered zone net work and printer information etc do not get lost O If you de activate one interface temporarily the config uration will also be saved in atalk conf and will be available again on re activating the interface O If you have an IBM RS 6000 host note that two logical interface names exist for each card el is used for AppleTalk and is used by EtherShare and en is used for TCP IP You should see in the list an et0 en try for the AppleTalk connection and an trO entry if your host has a Token Ring interface as well A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration A 29 Configure The configure Adapter option from the main menu lets Adapter you see the list of interfaces that are available Figure A 13 shows a network with one single interface only where no configuration is necessary If you pressed RETURN in order to open the configuration dialog a corre sponding information message would pop up c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 AppleTalk Network Setup Inter face Start tnd Node fe fault Zone Additional Zones la le8 flutomatic configuration Information T
131. that they use the same hardware standard Under AppleTalk Phase II in contrast to the outdated AppleTalk Phase I one cable can support several logical networks and a zone can contain more than one network provided that the set of network numbers constitutes a con tinuous range e g 101 108 Furthermore several zones can co exist on the same cable There is a limit of 254 nodes per sub network section but it is possible to have a larger number of devices per network This became necessary when very large Ethernet networks started to appear 3 Introduction 3 6 New features of program version 2 6 29 3 6 New features of program version 2 6 Note that some new features were not included in the first release of EtherShare 2 6 but have been added by means of an update Updates are published on our Web server www helios de and on our distribution CD ROMs They are released to make fixes or new features available New MachID The MachID is now a 8 2 digit hexadecimal string with the last two digits representing the make and model of your host computer The MachID is required to request the soft ware activation key Base product EtherShare 2 6 is the base software for our powerful exten for powerful sions EtherShare OPI 2 1 PDF Handshake and Print Pre extensions view Note that EtherShare 2 6 does not support our old EtherShare OPI 1 2 New Macin The EtherShare Macintosh applications for client comput tosh Instal
132. the AppleTalk Internet Router which operates in the back ground in one of the Macintosh workstations EtherShare has automatic built in routing functions Whereas the EtherShare routing system can co exist quite happily with other routers in the network it might be worth while re arranging your network to route with EtherShare instead since this will give you significantly better perfor mance than software routers 3 Introduction 3 5 Network topology 27 3 5 Network topology The various junctions routers bridges and devices in the network are called nodes and the way that they are physi cally connected together is called the topology of the net work On the one hand the topology is dependent on usage requirements the required position of the workstations within an office building On the other hand it is also nec essary to take account of physical limitations imposed by the chosen hardware e g maximum cable lengths and by network standards Ethernet is logically characterized by a linear bus topology However nowadays the 10Base T Ethernet and 100Base T Ethernet also called Fast Ethernet have from the phys ical point of view a star shaped topology This means that all workstations and printers etc connected to the network are attached to a hub in the logical center of the star To ken Ring is physically seen also star system with active hubs amplifiers at the center of each star The
133. the network interfaces specified in atalk conf succeeded to configure autoconf s SIOCGIFFLAGS m atalkd could not get the flags associated with interface Gs This can happen if the interface specified in the if parameter in atalk conf does not exist socket based OS only autoconf SIOCSIFADDR 96m atalkd could not set the AppleTalk address for an inter face This happens on all interface cards that do not support AppleTalk routine DDPWrite to d s The named routine nbp rtmp could not write a packet to network Gd If s Network unreachable this usu ally means that network numbers are misconfigured rtmp_kupdate m A route could not be added by atalkd to the kernel resi dent routing table This usually means that network num bers are misconfigured 17 Technical support 464 17 3 Error Messages multi kupdate on s m atalkd could not add a multicast address functional ad dress on Token Ring for interface Gs This can happen if there are too many zones configured for one Phase II net work or if the hardware interface does not support multi cast addresses register me cannot register s atalkd could not register its serial number on the network This can happen if you use the same enduser serial number twice on the network e g you have transferred EtherShare to a new host and not deleted the old copy nbp listener duplicate EtherShare
134. unmount network volumes the trash is usually emptied by AppleShare automatically and its contents is no longer available to you the next time you log on Thus make sure you have not trashed some thing by mistake before you unmount a network volume However this auto clearing mechanism fails in case you shut down the Macintosh without first unmounting the net work volumes This can cause problems because of the way 132 5 EtherShare Admin 5 9 Volume menu AppleShare allocates trash cans Users do not have the same trash can every time they log in but they receive a trash can number that corresponds to the number of user connections currently established The first user who mounts a volume receives trash can number 1 the second one receives trash can number 2 and so on Now if user number 20 leaves his trash unemptied and if this trash can is not allocated again because there are always less than 20 users who mount the respective volume simultaneously the trash will never be emptied If you notice that there is a lot less free space on the volume than you expected knowing the total size of the files stored there this may be because one of the users switched off the workstation without emptying a very full trash can Your system administrator can check this easily with a UNIX lo gin by looking at the total size of the network trash folder The Finder s Get Info dialog on a Macintosh only shows the trash can size of the cu
135. way with the printer try to set up the printer using the EtherShare Admin with the same host and port parameters you specified in the telnet test If itis not able to do this then the TCP IP connection is un suitable for the tcpif filter in EtherShare In this case you need to configure Remote LPR or use a third party TCP IP driver and specify the EtherShare resolve option as described elsewhere EtherShare uses a second service port with the address lt port 1 gt to receive status information from the printer You are still able to print if this address is not implemented on your printer but you will not be able to receive status in formation on your print jobs such as the busy message or to cancel and flush jobs which are already being pro cessed by the printer Remote LPR printers require substantially more spooling space on the local host than TCP IP stream printers since they demand the total size of a print job first before they start transferring it So the complete print job has to be spooled to a local disk first Furthermore they do not return status messages or answer font queries Accordingly a TCP IP stream or AppleTalk connection is preferable Furthermore the local host must be defined on the remote host in the remote etc hosts and hosts equiv or hosts Ipd files Otherwise the print job will be rejected For Remote LPR printers the EtherShare Ad
136. went low while creating the PostScript out put file In this case the diskif program stops and waits until more disk space is available Free disk space available Continuing writing to output file The diskif returned to normal operation after waiting for disk space to become available 17 3 11 papif error messages The following error messages are issued by the papif printer interface program NBPExtract failed s Extraction of the AppleTalk address obtained from an NBP lookup failed s is an explanatory error message PPAPOpen failed s Initiating open of a PAP connection failed s is an explanatory error message It can also appear if AppleTalk sockets are exhausted 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 491 PPAPOpen completion failed s An AppleTalk error occured while trying to open the PAP connection s is an explanatory error message Cannot find printer s The PAP printer s could not be found on the network Mostly this indicates that the printer is switched off ATPLoad failed s An error occured while loading an AppleTalk protocol module s is an explanatory error message Cannot initiate PPAPRead s An error occurred during establish read data from a PAP connected printer s is an explanatory error message Cannot initiate PPAPWrite s An error occurred during establish write data to a PAP connected printer s
137. where the Ether Share host is located The list shows all known zones Un less you have external routers in your network only the zones from internal EtherShare routers will be visible If you only have one zone because you only have one hard ware interface or because other zones are not available for some reason you will see an asterisk representing the current zone instead of a zone name After choosing the zone the list on the right shows all hosts in the chosen zone you can connect to i e all hosts that are running the Ad ministration Server If you click the Server IP Address button the TCP IP login window figure 22 appears in stead and you can log in as described below in via TCP IP 5 EtherShare Admin 94 5 3 Logging on to the Administration Server Select an EtherShare host Zone Host HELIOS Backbone ans a HELIOS Entwicklung kadath HELIOS Local ANS moose HELIOS LocalTalk proxy HELIOS SM Subnet serapis HELIOS Support e Fig 20 Selecting an Administration Server via AppleTalk Choose the host you want to connect to and click OK The EtherShare Admin then opens a window to allow you to log on to the Administration Server by entering your Ether Share user name or full name and password see figure 21 Connect to EtherShare server ibm HELIOS II as User Name Magid Password Li Save name oO Save password Cu Fig 21 Dialog for User Name and Pa
138. whereas Remote LPR only allows unidirec tional communication Furthermore the HELIOS imple mentation provides a separate but optional communications channel for status messages with the address lt port 1 gt see below This address cannot be configured You can test for bidirectionality by making a telnet con nection to your TCP IP printer from the UNIX command line as follows telnet host port e g telnet 192 9 200 1 4000 or telnet osiris bspp host is the Internet number or host name of the printer host names are usually listed in the etc hosts file port is the service port number or service name which specifies the process within nost If your printer has a network inter face which supports TCP IP these parameters should be specified in your printer documentation You should be able to communicate with the printer s Post Script interpreter and get PostScript responses bidirection al communication although this test alone is no proof that the connection is fully compliant with the EtherShare TCP IP stream implementation Contacting the print server with telnet checks that at least basic communication is running properly It does not verify that the communications channel is binary transparent and thus suitable for printing bitmap graphics data 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 389 If the telnet session is able to communicate in a bidirec tional
139. which the ad ministration server should be allocated This parameter de termines the zone in which the Administration Server can be found in the Chooser of the EtherShare Admin program The chosen zone must be one of the local zones that the host is connected to You can test this with the zones I program 13 The Administration Server 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program 419 sessions yppasswd ypgroup ypafppasswd The default for zonename is i e the zone of the first in terface entry in atalk conf Several names in a row sepa rated by a comma are optional e g admsrv zone marketing zone support zone developer sessions maxclients maxclients specifies the maximum number of worksta tions clients that are permitted to work on the Administra tion Server simultaneously This value can be the same as the total number of workstations that are connected to the AppleTalk network but is usually smaller than that The default for maxclients is 4 yppasswd file file specifies the name and path of the file in which the user data for the Yellow Pages system are stored see lat er There is no default for file ypgroup file file specifies the name and path of the file in which the group data for the Yellow Pages system are stored see Jater There is no default for file ypafppasswd file file specifies the name and path of an optional AFP user list for use with the Y
140. zone must be one of the local zones that the server is connected to We strongly recommend to test this using the UNIX program zones ESDIR zones By default papsrv registers itself in the first zone of the first interface entry in atalk conf printer printername printername is the logical UNIX name of the printer to which the Print Server should send the print jobs By con vention this is also the name to which a copy of papif or tcpif has been renamed if the printer is connected via AppleTalk or TCP IP The same printer name must also be specified in the UNIX file etc printcap which is access ed by the lpr program The printer name is passed from the papsrv program to lpr without checking Accord ingly itis up to the administrator to make sure that a correct entry is also included in etc printcap This is done auto matically when you set up a new printer with the Ether Share Admin dictdir path path is the path containing PostScript dictionaries and printer prep files such as AppleDict Helios Dict and LinoDict You can specify an alternative path here if one of your printers is not fully compatible to the Apple LaserWriter and needs other dictionaries and or prep files Normally all PostScript printers share the same files 366 11 The Print Server 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program Ipr noresolve The default
141. 0 elle mM EN reer fear A 70 Jdev ddp EE A 69 ee Luet A 72 error message oic erue nep Ene aeu naa dea asa duh 460 463 Delete EtherShare Macintosh utilities sssssssesss 77 EtherShare UNIX software 77 EtherShare users using the EtherShare Admin 110 Groups using the EtherShare Admin 116 Incoming mails HELIOS Mail sesesessssss 215 Printer jobs using the EtherShare Admin 166 Printer queues using the EtherShare Admin 157 Volumes using the EtherShare Admin 127 Deleting FOU jer 300 MEI EIE 299 Demonstration key nennen 454 DESKSERVER HOST environmental variable A 118 ptc 331 Checking the desksrv process sssseee 62 Commands for checking the desksrv process 64 error messag6es unter eoe ats ea eb A Rn dan rara eeu 465 errors and messages eeeeceeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeneeeaeeeeeneees 342 parameters of eese eene entren 342 Desktop auto rebuild eee enn 336 rebuild desksrv ssseeeeene enne 333 dictar AKTON E 377 dir atalkccont NEE 395 Directory ID FIG ID Age eto et 332 OISKIP ge ve teen eae OA ated 352 356 DOS Windows workstations Preparing a PC for installation
142. 153 Hold Time Hold Queue connection 153 Host Name TCP connection s es 148 Key File Shared Memory connection 151 Name AppleTalk connection esssssss 144 Name Prefix Print To Disk connection 151 Notify Program Print To Disk connection 151 Port TCP connection sssseeeeene 148 Printer Namo aee ete dere te eines 141 Printers Balance Group connection 152 Require Authentication 144 Resolve Print To Disk connection 152 Serial Connection sssssseeee 145 Shared Memory Connection sss 150 EtherShare Admin Printer data contin Spool Directory sseseseeeeeeneenn 142 TOP GOnhectlony i ere tte dte hn cas 147 Type AppleTalk connection esses 144 UNIX Directory Print To Disk connection 151 Zone AppleTalk connection sees 144 Printer Log File Lists menu eese 172 Prltiter mer WEE 158 Printers Lists menu eese 136 Rebuild Desktop Volume menu eese 129 Restart Printer Printer menu seeeneee 163 Save name login sess 96 Save password login sesssesseessees
143. 2 Do I need the dt utilities A 87 The dt utilities simulate the behavior of standard UNIX commands as close as possible but there are slight differ ences in the number and functionality of the available op tions and due to the extended functionality you may notice a different behavior and different error messages For ex ample you may see error messages about the resource fork of a file which you would not see when using standard UNIX commands the UNIX commands in fact ignore this part of the file For all of the dt utilities commands a behavior that dif fers from that of their UNIX counterparts may be visible This is due to the fact that different semantics are used by Macintosh Finder operations on the one side and UNIX file system operations on the other The dt utilities will be have like an afpsrv on recognized EtherShare volumes and will behave like ordinary UNIX commands like cp mv rm in areas where no EtherShare volume is de fined The dt utilities will process data and resource part of files and will also assure that ownership and permissions are compatible to the Macintosh Finder operations Due to the limitation on file folder name length dt will only pro cess objects with a name of 31 characters at the most on EtherShare volumes filefolder names exceeding 31 char acters will be invisible on Macintosh workstations See also chapters 9 3 Directory and file form
144. 22 A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration A 37 c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 AppleTalk Network Setup Inter face Start tnd Node fe fault Zone Additional Zones le 18 18 142 Zone of le8 Shared Zone for leB 1 28 28 142 Shared Zone for Lex Zone of lel lt RET gt config dejactivate a auto on off help Fig A 21 Example of a final adapter configuration c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 HetConf Configure Adapter Quit Zones in which services are registered for help Fig A 22 Opening the Configure Zones dialog Figure A 23 shows the dialog that lets you register zones i e specify zones where EtherShare services should be list ed A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 38 c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 Available Zones Zones providing ES Services Shared Zone for le8 1 none se Zone of lef Zone of lel Use right arrow CTRL L to register zone 3 Zones Fig A 23 Moving entries between two lists of zones You can move a zone between the left and right column of the dialog by using the CTRL L or the CTRL H key This is illustrated in figures A 23 above and A 24 below c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf
145. 40 1997 Bs Receive EES ans Reply Re Newsletter First B 6 Date Fri To pascal helios de From pal Subject Re Newsletter First B 7 p 8 B 9 10 11 12 Fig 123 Sending a reply mail 226 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail Setting up a group reply mail Please note that O if you have opened several mail items simultaneously Reply opens a new window to reply to the currently ac tive foreground item O if you have selected several items in the Incoming mail window but not opened them Reply opens new windows to reply to all of them O you may select Reply including Letter from the Mail menu instead of Reply This will include the letter you have received without its header into your reply mail It allows you to refer to specific sentences without hav ing to re type them O you may select Reply including Template from the Mail menu This lets you send a reply to a letter you have received with your personal template This might be quite reasonable if you want to reply to a few mails of the same kind You can now start to write your reply The Subject line can be kept as is or changed if required For editing a mail see also the paragraphs New mail and At taching a file above Instead of replying to just one addressee you can reply to a previously defined group of addressees with all the features Reply offers Just hold down the Option key when clicking into Mail in the menu ba
146. 43 a directory of a remote Digital Equip ment VAX computer has been mounted through NFS at the local directory vax and made available to EtherShare as the volume VAX NFS AFP Gateway Note The options Create Layouts and PC Layouts in the volume data window are grayed out unless you have purchased and installed HELIOS EtherShare OPI 2 1 O gt ibm Volumes Magneto Optical Fi Volume Magneto Optical Directory mni B4 Exchangeable bd Read Only O Invisible M Unicode UTF8 Groups O Create Layouts OPCE Layouts Fig 42 Volume Magneto Optical on host ibm 120 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list O ibm lolumes URH NFS RFP Gateway Fi Volume UAH NFS AFP Gateway Directory vax O Exchangeable O Read Only O Invisible 4d Unicode UTF8 Groups O Create Layouts OPC Layouts Fig 43 Remote NFS volume from a digital VAX computer The window title shows the name of the Administration Server usually the host name the window type Volumes and the volume name The window shows the Volume name the name of the UNIX Directory where the volume is mounted the optional Password for the volume and the volume Groups list Note that the password is only dis played as a matching number of dots to the system admin istrator and members of the SysAdm group The Administration Server finds this information by in specting the public volume
147. 450 By default 128 are ac cessible Please see chapter 10 4 Parameters of the desksrv program for more details Starting with Mac OS 7 5 local file systems can be larger than 2 GB up to 1 TB Terabyte Since the AppleTalk Fil ing Protocol 2 1 is still limited to 32 bit values for volume sizes AppleShare volumes are still limited to approx 4 GB With AFP version 2 2 and AppleShare client 3 8 or later network file systems are displayed with their proper size Note Generally we recommend to use current AppleShare clients as released from Apple For Mac OS 7 6 Apple suggests using AppleShare client 3 6 5 For Mac OS 2 7 6 Apple suggests using AppleShare client 3 8 x 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes 309 Automatic extension mapping The File Server supports automatic mapping of file name extensions This works in a similar way to the extension mapping feature provided in products like DOS Mounter Access PC or Apple s PC Exchange It simplifies sharing files between EtherShare UNIX and UNIX DOS networking products such as PCShare from HELIOS by simulating an appropriate Macintosh type and creator allowing Macintosh users to open files created un der MS DOS or UNIX with a double click Note This feature allows you to allocate specified file name extensions to icons of applications or documents which already reside on the File Server but it does not allow you to crea
148. 6 Zero IDs and A 9 7 7 Using dt for backup restore Technical The volume root directory for both source and destination notes is automatically touched to announce the changes to any Macintosh that has mounted the volume If your source does not have a resource fork and your des tination is a volume a default resource fork is created These default resources are only recognized properly by EtherShare 2 6 earlier EtherShare versions will display files with plain document icons Please do also take into ac count that every default resource will require 64 bytes thus using the minimum disk block size on the destination file system If there is only little free disk space on the destina tion volume first check whether the destination file system can store all of the files You can roughly calculate 1K fragment size per file folder Consult your UNIX system administrator or the appropriate pages in your UNIX man ual for information on how to retrieve more exact informa tion about your file system settings Even though the data fork execution bit should be masked out according to the permission handling implemented by afpsrv this is often inconvenient to UNIX users There fore any existing execution bit is preserved by default A 9 5 7 dt set dt set modifies the additional file information stored in the file s resource fork For more information about the flags and fields used here please refer to your M
149. 997 Christina G Superb British Open 11 07 1997 Pawel Newsletter First 11 07 1997 Marc Fwd Re OPI test 31 07 1997 Uwe PDFs als Acrobat 3 fwd 31 07 1997 Uwe HELIOS Server change PER Baap AIWF H RUN rga K g A Fig 112 Incoming mail window If you have a large amount of mails more than 50 items there might be a slight time delay before you can scroll through the whole list but you can start using HELIOS Mail immediately because the list is processed in the back ground Use the mouse or the Windows menu which is described later in this chapter to bring one of the items to the fore ground if it is hidden behind other windows If necessary you can double click anywhere in the column titles row the row starting with St No etc to force an update of the Incoming mail window The time that is 6 HELIOS Mail 6 5 Incoming mail 213 needed for automatic updating depends on the system and configuration of your host computer You may click on a column title to sort the contents of the window In figure 112 e g the window is sorted by No this is indicated by the column title being underlined You can select any of the column titles for sorting and reverse sorting holding down the Option key when clicking Reading If you want to read one or more mail items you have to pro saving and ceed as follows printing mails gt Double click on the item you want to read Use
150. A 9 5 11 dt touch The command touch sets the access and modification times for the passed files A file is created if it does not al ready exist Usage dt touch file dt touch myfile A 9 5 12 dt upd The upd command touches the volume directory for the passed file or directory so that all Macintosh computers that have mounted this volume can display the changes This may be necessary e g if a file is created under UNIX and the Macintosh would display the new icon only after closing and re opening the corresponding window Please note that all dt commands automatically update any needed volumes so this command is only required if files are created or changed by other non dt commands Check whether you can adjust your workflow to dt com mands and thus avoid potentially harmful non dt com mands Usage dt upd file dir dt upd myfile A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 109 Technical note The Macintosh clients only scan for changes every 10 sec onds Usually folder information are updated within this 10 seconds period However depending on folder sizes num ber of folders open foreground applications etc this may take longer Thus it may take some time after issuing an upd command before the changes become visible on the client You can either click into the folder window or close and re open it in case the displayed information do not seem t
151. An internet with 2 NICs and one router A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 2 Example network setups A 21 Internet with In the last example configuration figure A 10 three single two routers network segments form an internet Two servers route the and 242 NICs networks via four 2 2 NICs The nodes see Node in chap ter A 11 Glossary in each segment are accessible from any other network in this particular internet Fig A 10 An internet with 2 2 NICs and two routers A 22 A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 3 Network automatic configuration option A3 3 Network automatic configuration option If your EtherShare host only has a single network interface or you do not want to configure EtherShare as a seed de vice see below EtherShare s AppleTalk protocol stack can be configured to interrogate network numbers and zone information automatically each time it loads and thus avoid the necessity of manually specifying these parame ters during EtherShare configuration This situation is auto matically recognized by the install script If automatic configuration is possible you will get the following mes sage when you select the menu item Configure AppleTalk network numbers This system has only one network interface in stalled thus there is no need to configure any network numbers If only one interface is existing the installation progr
152. Click the OK button in the dialog only after having set up all the different sections The settings will then be valid They will be ignored however if you click Cancel 202 6 HELIOS Mail 6 3 Setting Mail preferences Background windows active Automatic login 6 3 1 General preferences The dialog that lets you define General preferences is shown in figure 104 It contains the following options General General S O Background windows active O Automatic login A O Don t use Navigation Dialogs Text ch Insert v English Francais Deutsch Italiano Nederlands Svenska Norsk Language Fig 104 Dialog box for General preferences Background windows active specifies whether a back ground i e non active window should react immediately to a mouse click or whether the mouse click should initially swap the window into the foreground The Automatic login option specifies whether HELIOS Mail should immediately start with the login dialog or whether it should first display the About HELIOS Mail dialog In the latter case you will have to choose Login in the File menu manually HELIOS Mail can also be config ured to complete the connection to the Mail Server auto matically Save name in the Login dialog also causes auto login The Rutomatic login checkbox is ignored anyway if Save name is ticked compare chapter 6 4 Configuring the connec
153. Configure Zones Configure network interface adapter for help Fig A 11 Main menu of the netconf program Using The following keys are available to handle the netconf netconf program TAB key navigate within a netconf dialog CTRL J CTRL K or ARROW keys navigate within a list of items e and un mark items from a list ESC key quit the current dialog Further keys that are required in a specific dialog only are listed in the bottom line of the respective dialog Alterna tively they are described in the help windows Online help netconf includes a convenient online help system which system can be activated by pressing TT An example is shown in figure A 12 A 28 A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration General remarks c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 Information If available you may use the cursor keys on your terminal to select the desired option otherwise use CTRL J to move the selection bar down or CTRL K to move it up then press RETURN to call the selected option Each option has its own help screen just press after selecting the desired option Please read the manual for details Now please press RETURN to leave this help screen _ Configure network interface adapter for help Fig A 12 The netconf online help system Please note
154. Desktop Utilities opisrv or the EtherShare OPI layout program which will try to add this file to the desk top you will receive an error message similar to those listed in the examples below desksrv AddId name too long or opisrv Warning applel software Wilhelm Kaiser Kaiser R amp R Beilage 8 Seiten 41 KW Bilder 41 KW 8 S Abb 6 Gianna Nannini eps lay Path too long This file may not be accessed from a Macin tosh workstation 346 10 The Desktop Server 10 5 afpsrv and desksrv coordination afpsrv will try 6 times for 5 seconds each to reach the desktop server to retrieve or store information from to the desktop database of its volumes Earlier versions of afpsrv tried 3 times for 5 seconds Although even the old er values were a very long time for network or RPC connec tions we decided to even extend these values If afpsrv does not get a response from desksrv during this period this indicates a severe problem with the under lying UNIX operating system UNIX file system or RAID HSM drivers or a hardware problem related to SCSI or hard disks To prevent inconsistencies between information stored in the desktop databases of an EtherShare volume and the files folders on this volume the afpsrv client process en countering this timeout will secure this volume all mount ed volumes against write access Opening folders and reading files will still be possible but creat
155. Device list provided by the vpoll program You can scroll through the device list and press ENTER to open the Device Ping dialog for a specific device In the Device Ping dialog you can again set individual parameters for a device check namely the number of pack ets the packet size the poll interval and a value for timeout 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation 69 gt The device check will start the moment you select the ox button in the Device Ping dialog see figures 7 and 8 cc 1997 HELIOS Software ibm Device List Device Ping Press Ok to continue poll Version 1 1 OCK short gt long Net 28 Node 143 Socket 253 Name gt ans Type AFPServer Zone HELIOS II Packets 28088 Packet size Interval 880 Timeout 1 52 Tonc l EE IDIIIIJXICXdoIi Fig 7 Setting up the Device Ping dialog cc 1997 HELIOS Software ibm poll Uersion 1 Device List Ping to host ans Packets sent 1381 left roud 1300 lost Current Average H Delau 9 172 6 682 Status Ping in progress Stop ping session Fig 8 Type Ping Statistics Canea 700 D inimum Maximum D opp 172 Watching the ping statistics device response FHEIIIIIIIIIILILLILN 70 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation The HELIOS poll program You can stop and restar
156. Directory and file formats AAA 266 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 275 9 5 Users and groups sse 290 9 6 Public and private volumes sesseesrseseenrssrrnssnne 301 9 7 Access privileges sssee 311 9 8 Dataibacku p ioo eem ds 318 9 9 File Server utility programs eeseeeeesss 321 9 10 EtherShare versus AppleShare 324 10 The Desktop Server esent 329 10 1 General remarks sse 330 10 2 The Desktop Server Program secsec 331 10 3 Parameters of the rebuild program 340 10 3 1 rebuild error messages 341 Contents 11 10 4 Parameters of the desksrv program 342 10 4 1 desksrv error and status messages 342 10 5 afpsrv and desksrv coordination 346 The Print Server eese ennt 349 11 1 General remarks sese 350 11 2 The Print Server Interfaces ssssssssss 351 11 3 The Print Server Programs sesser 352 11 4 The Print Server in operation s 359 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program 364 11 6 Configuring printers manually sssssss 371 11 6 1 Global parameters
157. E 1 i i 1 H 1 H H H H I H uB126 opisry and layout could remove random ID s from the desktop D EE List all removeable updates List all not removeable updates Select updates to remove with s 5 entries Fig 17 The Remove Update dialog window The following keys are available to select updates to re move e select one item unselect one item select all items unselect all items Commit Please remember that you have to stop EtherShare before updates committing any updates Otherwise the commit command could kill certain processes Updates for If a certain update contains a new revised Macintosh appli Macintosh cation e g a new EtherShare Admin this application will applications be copied to the EtherShare Applications volume by the update installer You have to mount the volume on your Macintosh clients and replace any old local copies of the re spective application 5 EtherShare Admin 87 5 EtherShare Admin 88 5 EtherShare Admin 5 1 General remarks 5 1 General remarks This chapter describes the use of the Macintosh application EtherShare Admin by the system administrator or other designated persons in order to configure the EtherShare system from any Macintosh workstation in a convenient and secure way It can also be used to set up regular users groups and printers on the server In a multi host enviro
158. E teg gi d e e Ale rWXIrI Xr X rWXIr Xr X rWXI XI X WE CAI oe rWXI Xr X rWXIrI Xr X SIWI ESITE CEWXxEIECNICH CIWXI XI X rWXIrI Xr X CEWARI CXI X GC eg EL SSIS gt rWXIr Xr X CIWIOLI I kernel SS total 5426 VECNE UN CE LAER SS P xr xr X SPESSI E OECRENICX T SX X X be Mae sagt ed ZECRIEONIN oa aa a ba PR 2716 8415 26160 25876 160 837 363 17240 1354 930 17048 1540 711 543 16728 8575 184 280 324 343 17472 53 16680 124932 1633 1464 3318 67356 1581 187 10388 1375411 89556 41816 1070412 169728 71824 193644 124520 ar Sep ar ar Sep Sep Sep ar Sep Sep ar Sep Sep Sep ar Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep ar Sep ar ar Sep Sep Sep ar ar Sep Sep Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Gs ND OIN GS bs e ND IND DAN DDB aS aS BRD BB DBM dS aS ND aS aS BODY BD 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 999 0 47 999 999 0 47 0 47 0 47 999 0 47 0 47 999 0 47 0 47 0 47 999 47 47 47 ooo 999 0 47 999 999 0 47 0 47 0 47 999 999 0 47 0 47 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 ESmodes activate afpmsg afpshutdown dirname es daily forall ifstat kconfig logrotate lsif mkafppasswd mkipaccess mount afp ni prginstall procstat rc atalk rhappc restart pap rmtrash setmode stop afp suser tuc uninstall update versions usrinstall uwhat vt200 ti yp update ypM
159. EtherShare Appl swho gets its information from the file SESDIR stmp which is updated by each of the EtherShare servers The EtherShare environment variable ESDIR needs to be set correctly for the swho command to work Use the f switch to specify an alternative input file for the swho command The default file is ESDIR stmp Related information is available from the host s process list In the following example we have used grep to limit the otherwise extensive list to es only ramses ps ax grep es 410 S 0 52 usr local es atalkd 418 S 0 00 usr local es admsrv 421 S 0 00 usr local es afpsrv 424 2 S 0 00 usr local es desksrv 427 S 0 00 usr local es mailsrv 437 S 0 00 usr local es papsrv 442 S 0 00 usr local es papsrv 443 S 0 00 usr local es papsrv 444 S 0 00 usr local es papsrv 445 S 0 00 usr local es termsrv 448 S 0 00 usr local es timesrv 461 S 0 00 usr local es lpd 5555 S 0 00 usr local es termsrv 5615 pl S 0 00 grep es 262 8 The EtherShare System 8 5 AppleTalk stack utility programs The EtherShare File Server afpsrv Administration Server admsrv Mail Server mailsrv Terminal Server termsrv and Time Server timesrv each spawn a child process for each user login so you may see these entries more than once if someone is using them The master processes are always allocated to user root and the child p
160. Full Header is specified for your incoming mail the doc uments will contain all available information about origin size and status of the mail Smart Header will only display the date the names of the sender and addressee and the subject line With No Header you can suppress the header information completely 6 HELIOS Mail 6 3 Setting Mail preferences 207 6 3 5 Inbox preferences The dialog that lets you define Inbox preferences is shown in figure 108 It contains the following options Font Geneva Size 12 O Ignore Re when sorting by subject Fig 108 Dialog box for Inbox preferences Font Font and Size specify the font and font size that will be Size applied to your Incoming mail window compare chapter 6 5 Incoming mail lgnore Re Mails in the Incoming mail window can be sorted e g by subject see also chapter 6 5 Incoming mail If you check Ignore Re when sorting by subject the Re that precedes every reply mail will be ignored 208 6 HELIOS Mail 6 4 Configuring the connection 6 4 Configuring the connection When you choose Login in the File menu for the first time HELIOS Mail opens a window to let you choose the Ether Share host that you want to connect to see figure 109 Select an EtherShare mail host zone Host HELIOS Backbone alpha HELIOS Entwicklung amun HELIOS FDDI ans HELIOS Local RNS hathor HELIOS
161. Highlight the volume name in the Volumes list and select Clear from the Edit menu see figure 47 The EtherShare Admin then prompts for acknowledgment of deletion to allow deletion to be aborted if required see figure 48 If deletion is confirmed the entry is removed from the win dow and the corresponding entry is deleted from the public volume list ESDIR conf afpvolumes Note that if the 128 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list volume still contains files and folders they are not deleted However they are no longer accessible to Macintosh users File MLS Lists Volume Help jbm Volumes DI El EtherShare a S EtherShare Applications E Helios ICC Profiles Select All 3A 1 OPI Test Bring to Front S Programme Preferences Fig 47 Deleting a volume entry Do you really want to delete Volume Helios Fig 48 Confirming deletion of a volume entry 5 EtherShare Admin 5 9 Volume menu 129 5 9 Volume menu If you have selected a volume in the Volumes list window or if the foreground active window is a window contain ing volume data an additional menu item Volume is avail able in the menu bar at the top of the screen see figure 49 The functions in the Volume menu only apply to the vol ume you have selected File Edit Lists REIS Help Rebuild Desktop Rebuild Desktop Seet ibm Volumes Empty Trash EtherShare Mount EtherShare Ap
162. I ibm amp HELIOS II Fig 98 Choosing the host whose volume list you want Furthermore you can copy the configurations for users groups volumes extension mappings and printers from one host to another Print server download fonts can also be copied between two hosts Print jobs in a printer job queue however can only be moved between printers on the same host and you cannot copy resident printer fonts of course To copy items select one or more of them in the list of one of the hosts with the mouse You can choose multiple en tries using standard Macintosh keyboard shortcuts see Se lecting multiple entries from a list in chapter 5 5 Without releasing the mouse button drag the item away from the list a dotted frame is drawn around the selection and release the mouse button over the corresponding list for the other host see figure 99 5 EtherShare Admin 192 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts ibm Users abelt hp Users adm B nils annam 3 paula bin D pcuser bst 3 peter daemon a He Hricko det ie bk Groot frank selma sunni D support D supportn A new data window is automatically opened for the item on the target host Please note that the default values entered in the fields of the new data window are those of the copied object and are not the default values from the target host s EtherShare Admin application Then click Save in order to save the new entry for the target host When co
163. IX hosts allows user names group names and passwords as well as other configuration details to be stored centrally on the so called Yellow Pages Master host This considerably simplifies setting up new users particularly if they each need access to more than one host Please note that the user configuration data maintained under Yellow Pages is only stored on the Master host You can only change it with the EtherShare Admin by logging on to the Administration Server on the Master host and not one of the Slaves Furthermore the special Yellow Pages password and group files e g var yp passwd and var yp group are usual ly stored on the Master host in a subdirectory of etc For this reason and assuming that you also have EtherShare in stalled on the Master host the configuration entry for the Administration Server in atalk conf allows you to specify the name and location of the Yellow Pages password and group files with the parameters yppasswd and ypgroup re spectively These parameters only need specifying on the Master host If you have not installed EtherShare on the Yellow Pages Master host you can edit the Yellow Pages password and group files to set up Slave users by using the standard UNIX Yellow Pages tools in the normal way We would like to point out however that the EtherShare Admin is much easier to use for setting up Yellow Pages users and groups than the standard UNIX tools You can use
164. Information on which windows are open and on their positions and sizes is stored in the Admin preferences file EtherShare Prep This allows you to arrange windows according to your individual taste and have the arrange 5 EtherShare Admin 5 5 About list windows 103 List limits Selecting multiple entries from a list ment retained between sessions However this only works if you have checked Save name in the Login dialog The number of entries a list users groups fonts etc can hold is limited The current limit independent of adjusted memory in the Macintosh Finder info field is 8192 entries and it is due to a limitation of the Macintosh list manager used to display these lists Usually only very large sites with more than 8000 users or more than 8000 fonts stored on the EtherShare Print Server may encounter this problem The lists will be displayed but may not sort or hold all en tries The EtherShare Admin is generally compliant with stan dard Macintosh conventions e g keyboard shortcuts for selecting multiple entries such as users from list boxes This saves time if you want to open multiple windows for example Use Shift click to select a range of entries and use Com mand click to select deselect individual entries from a list Go to the top of a list and type a letter to jump to the first entry that starts with that letter EtherShare Admin also issues warning messages before some operations
165. Intel byte order An auto rebuild also takes place if you mount a volume whose desktop was created by a computer with a different byte or der Furthermore the volume s directories must not overlap or include the directories of other EtherShare volumes You should choose the volume mount point carefully to make sure this does not happen To avoid problems EtherShare 2 6 checks for overlapping volumes volumes will be grayed out if they overlap a volume you have al ready mounted You will receive an error message see lat er The EtherShare Admin will check for overlapping 10 The Desktop Server 10 2 The Desktop Server Program 337 UNIX rebuild program Resource orphans volumes as well Nevertheless it may happen that existing volumes are not checked and that you are able to create a new volume that overlaps an existing one Instead of using the Rebuild Desktop option in the Ether Share Admin you can also call the rebuild program from a UNIX shell There is one particular situation where this may be required O If you want to rebuild the Desktop database for your home volume or a private volume The Desktop Server will create a Desktop database and resource directo ries the first time you access your home volume from the Chooser and will rebuild it if it becomes corrupted but you will not be able to rebuild it manually from EtherShare Admin since it does not appear in the vol ume list
166. Mail 6 6 Sending mail FileSuffix FileSuff MacCreator MacCrea MacType FileSuffix MacType FileSuf MacCreator MacCreat MacType FileSuffix MacType FileSuff MacCreator MacCrea MacType FileSuffix MacType FileSuff MacCreator acCrea MacType FileSuffix acType FileSuff MacCreator acCreat MacType FileSuffix acType FileSuff MacCreator MacCrea MacType FileSuffix MacType FileSuffix MacCreator MacCreator MacType MacType 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail 223 FileSuffix FileSuffix MacCreator MacCreator MacType MacType After choosing the file you will see a document icon at the top of the Untitled window just below the title bar see figure 121 You will see the name of the attached file its size and the type of encoding ans Incoming det No From Subject lo e Ei Ei Untitled Attachment Filename Size kb Type amp es25 notes pdf 241 DataFork base64 To infoepromo de Subject new PDF file Cc 53 3 E E53 EJ E BBB Cc C0 0 UNUN Fig 121 Outgoing mail message with attached file Ifthe receiving mail host does not have the EtherShare Mail Server installed and running you c
167. PostScript Converter 12 1 General remarks 405 This command converts the file profile to PostScript and sends it to the printer lw To do this pstext calls lpr with the specified printer name pstext first looks for lpr in the SESDIR directory usually usr local es and then in the directories specified in the hosts s path If the option P printername is omitted the generated Post Script code is output to the terminal for test purposes rather than to the printer The following is an example of the use of pstext ina UNIX pipe It outputs the current directory to the printer Iy ls L pstext P lw The following example prints one entry from the UNIX manual nroff man usr man mani ls 1l pstext P lw 406 12 Text to PostScript Converter 12 2 Options 12 2 Options The command line options of pstext have the following significance font ont Is the font with which the document should be printed The default here is Courier because this is one of the few commonly available non proportional fonts which makes it particularly suitable for listings and tables size size is the size of the font in points The default is 10 points One point is 1 72 inch prepfile prepfile is the name of a PostScript language prep file which should be added to the start of each print job If you do not specify the e option pstext automatically uses the internal
168. Server 9 9 File Server utility programs 321 stop afp mkafppasswd 9 9 File Server utility programs The following programs are created automatically in the SESDIR etc directory during EtherShare installation stop afp is a shell script which closes down the File Serv er after a delay of five minutes ensuring that all active pro cesses have been correctly terminated All logged on users receive a warning message on their workstations before the system is finally closed down If the stop afp command line includes the parameter now ESDIR etc stop afp now the File Server is stopped immediately Note Only the superuser root can run stop afp Before running this script use the swho command or choose Active Users in the Lists menu of Ether Share Admin to make sure that no other users are us ing the File Server or use afpmsg to notify other users in advance mkafppasswd is a shell script that you can call in order to copy user entries for the user id 0 root and all users with user numbers greater than or equal to 100 from the etc passwd file to ESDIR conf afppasswd The out put is sent to S5ESDIR conf afppasswd You will get an error message if afppasswd already exists After creating this file the command asks you for a new root password because all entries are initially without any password If you have any real UNIX users with ID numbers be
169. Shift click to select several entries at a time and use Command click to select deselect individual entries from the list If you press the Option key while double clicking the item the original unfiltered message is loaded into the text window and can be saved to a file Note This complete e mail may contain large attachments which are loaded into memory You may need to in crease the HELIOS Mail memory partition File gt Get Info Memory to work with unfiltered e mails in a text window gt When you are finished and while the mail item is still open you can save the item with Save from the File menu or print it with Print from the same menu Adjust the window width to the column width of the printout You can re open saved mails at a later date e g in order to re read them print them send replies or forward them Use the menu items File and Open for that purpose 214 6 HELIOS Mail 6 5 Incoming mail Saving an at tachment The Find option Please note that O if you double click on a saved mail with the Finder HELIOS Mail will be started automatically O asaved mail can be edited using any Macintosh word processing application If the message contains an attached text or binary program file you will see a document icon at the top of the Incom ing mail window just below the title bar compare figure 113 You will also see the name of the attached file s the size and the type of encod
170. Talk networks for communicating with most types of printers and print servers Once started papsrv contin uously monitors the AppleTalk network for printing re quests When a print job is received it is first stored in the UNIX file system before being passed to the UNIX system program lpr which transfers the job to lpd The latter calls the appropriate interface program papif psif tcpif diskif holdif balanceif or shmif and the optional output filter psof The interface program then passes the job to the printer see Table 3 A separate papsrv process is started for each printer queue on your host psof is the so called output filter program which is re sponsible for generating the title page or banner as a PostScript job a banner is not generated for non PostScript printers The banner page contains information about the print job such as the user name the time and the document name It is optionally output before the print job and is use ful when sorting out a pile of printed pages if a number of users have been printing at the same time psof is auto matically called by the UNIX program pd at the start of each print job and generates a banner if one was specified with the banner switch when configuring the printer the banner switch sets the sh flag in etc printcap The banner page is generated from a PostScript file which is compiled into the
171. To provide additional security you can also make specified EtherShare volumes completely invis ible to selected user groups by using the volume Groups feature In order to assign a group to a volume open the volume data window and the Groups list and select one of the group names Without releasing the mouse button drag the name away from the Groups list a dotted frame is drawn around the selection and release the mouse button over the vol ume s list of groups see figure 46 The list will appear bold when the cursor is positioned correctly In the following example the EtherShare volume will only be visible to members of the groups helios and general You can assign more than one group to each vol ume but if you do not assign any groups at all then the vol ume will by default be visible to all groups and thus to all EtherShare users unless you have checked Invisible in the volume data window 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list 127 ibm Volumes EtherShare ibm Groups D adm Volume EtherShare bin Directory usr helios ethershare daemon develop Q3 ftp Password 00 1 CREEL D helios O Exchangeable L Read Only G3 Ip O Invisible Q3 macusers G3 mail La Unicode UTF8 7 Create Layouts OPC Layouts Fig 46 Assigning group general to volume EtherShare on host ibm Deleting A volume can be deleted from the host as follows volumes gt
172. X system call failed while writing data to a serially connected printer Read from printer failed m A UNIX system call failed while reading data from a seri ally connected printer 17 3 14 psresolve error messages Usage s o options PrinterName A illegal or wrong option was given or an argument is miss ing while running the psresolve program from the com mand line Cannot write to output file m A UNIX system call failed while writing the resolved Post Script data to disk This indicates mostly that there is not enough disk space available 17 Technical support 494 17 3 Error Messages 17 3 15 shmif error messages Cannot find shared memory printer s Cannot connect to the printer with key oe Error while opening shared memory printer s m An error occured while opening the Shared Memory in terface Warning cannot get maximum write size using default size d bytes m A UNIX system call failed while retrieving information about the maximum size for a write operation Warning cannot send EOF to shared memory printer m A UNIX system call failed while signaling EOF to the Shared Memory printer Warning cannot interrupt shared memory printer m A UNIX system call failed while signaling an interrupt to the Shared Memory printer Cannot request I O buffer from shared memory m A UNIX system call failed while accessing the Shared Memory buffer s
173. You can suppress the warnings by press ing and holding the Option key when choosing the opera tion 104 5 EtherShare Admin 5 6 Users list 5 6 Users list The Users list shows all users known to the host The Ad ministration Server automatically creates this list by in specting the host s system file etc passwd or the appropriate yellow pages file see chapter 13 5 Configura tion with Yellow Pages If the Users list is not already open choose Users from the Lists menu see figure 28 Changing user data File Edit EC Groups ibm Users Volumes Printers Fonts Active Users Printer Log File gt abelt adm annam bin bst daemon det frank hein juv Server Log File gt System Messages Versions Extension Mappings OPI Server Settings PDF Settings IP Access 3j GJ G GJ GJ GJ GJ GJ GJ GJ Fig 28 Users list on host ibm In order to change the parameters for a particular user you have to open the user s window that displays all available information about him her see figure 29 Select the required user and choose Open from the File menu or double click on the user name 5 EtherShare Admin 5 6 Users list 105 0 jpm Users michael H User name Password Full name Michael Meier Home directory home michael Start program bin ksh Primary group Groups Fig 29 Use
174. a c ce atiati dede dn 205 Preferences Text Font and Size ege get ota ivi Ens 204 Horizontal Scrolling esee 204 HELIOS Mail Preferences Text contin Translation Table essen 204 VTT NET 204 Reading saving and printing a mail sss 213 Reply mall nitentem t t eene 225 Saving a vacation message sssssnee 232 Saving one s signature sssssseeeeee 231 fle TREE IEEE 227 Setting preferences sssssssssssssseeeeeeren n 201 Starting HELIOS Mail sssseee 200 Template Creating and using templates 224 Temporary users login eee 210 Updating and sorting incoming mails 212 Using the address book 228 Using the Mail Notification Feature n se 234 Windows menu eeeenenne eem eene nnne 233 Vue ENEE UE 217 HELIOS Mail Init Installation 2 rere iege cete derriere 75 UE IE 234 HELIOS Terminal te TE EE 238 Configuring the connection sssssseeeeee 242 Copy and paste sssssssssesseeenenn eee 247 Function Keys ciet cene de cited dece dece joi 249 General explanation ssssssssssseseeeeeennene 18 Installation c tc eec teca fees 74 Preferences Background windows active seseeessssss
175. above is installed on your Macintosh workstation 324 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 10 EtherShare versus AppleShare Case sensitivity 9 10 EtherShare versus AppleShare When compared to the original AppleShare file server from Apple EtherShare has a few minor limitations but also of fers powerful additional features which result in part from specific features of the UNIX environment on which Ether Share is based The following table compares the behavior of the different operating systems when it comes to the case of file names case preserve case ignore Mac OS UNIX MS DOS W95 98 NT Fig 157 Operating systems and the case sensitivity of file names As figure 157 shows there is no case preserving under MS DOS i e file names entered in lowercase will appear uppercase in the directory listing In contrast to UNIX the Macintosh as well as Windows operating system is not case sensitive when it looks for files or creates or opens them if your application looks for Dave it will also find dave and you cannot create a file Dave and a file dave in the same folder on a local volume Due to its UNIX heritage this is unfortunately not true for EtherShare volumes 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 10 EtherShare versus AppleShare 325 ASCII 0 Private volumes This distinction is normally not a problem if an applica tion has created a file called Editor Pre
176. acintosh documentation e g Apple s Inside Macintosh A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 101 You can use the EtherShare Admin to extract the cre ator type information an application sets for certain icons See also chapter 5 13 Other lists and accounting files in your EtherShare documentation and the contents of ESDIR conf suffixes Usage dt set t type c creator f sfile L integer C clear file dt set a isrlbp file dt set v mini symbol name date Size type label list button The following options apply t f sfile integer set the file type for file to the passed value setthefilecreator for file tothe passed value copy the file type and creator from sfile to file set the file to number of allowed concurrent program launches where integer is the number of launches clear the file ID numbers in the resource fork set to zero and force the afpsrv to allocate new ID numbers Note The dt set options L and C replace the outdated setlaunch program from older EtherShare versions A 102 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions a flag where flag specifies the following modes i invisible S system r read only 1 locked norename nodelete b backup p protected v flag where flag specifies one of the following Macin tosh view modes mini symbol name date size type label list butto
177. ages are sent as mail is determined by interrogating the PostScript header of the job for the name in the 0595For comment Under Macintosh System 7 x or later the name in the 0595For comment is automatically set to the user name specified in the Macintosh s Sharing Setup control field If the For comment or the name field is missing all jobs will be allocated to nobody by default A 58 A 7 Technical notes A 7 1 EtherShare log files Server log file structure If a name is specified but it cannot be found in the list of long or short names in etc passwd the specified un known user name will still appear in the printer log file but any error messages are sent as mail to nobody instead Note If you check Save My Name Only or Save My Name and Password in the Macintosh Chooser the name saved in the system may not be the same as the name in the File Sharing control field since it is possible to overwrite the prompted name before sav ing it The name stored in File Sharing is the one used by the log file The document title is determined by interrogating the Post Script header of the job for the name in the Title com ment It may be possible for you to set these comments for UNIX and MS DOS print jobs too in order to ensure that they also have complete records in the printer log file Each entry in the server log file SESDIR server acct with the appendices 0 y
178. akefile libOI s a libddpi s a libdl s a libhelios s a libimgfmt s a libsched s a libsfdisc s a libsfio s a A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory A 14 f Xr xXr x 11 149432 Mar 12 1999 libtoolkit s a lprdevdir macapps total 656 drwxrwsr x 4 024 Sep 4 10 46 AdminPlug Ins rw rw r 1 322894 Mar 01999 EtherShare Admin rw rw r 1 2116 Jun 6 1997 EtherShare Client Ins drwxrwsr x 3 024 Sep 14 10 47 Helios Mail drwxrwsr x 3 024 Sep 14 10 46 Helios Terminal drwxrwsr x 3 024 Sep 14 10 46 Time Server drwxrwsr x 3 024 Sep 4 10 46 Unsupported macapps Admin Plug Ins total 2 drwxrwsr x 3 024 Sep 14 10 46 International macapps Admin Plug Ins International total 0 rw rw r 0 Mar 31999 Japanese macapps Helios Mail total 266 rw rw r 130178 Mar 8 1999 Helios Mail rw rw r 0 Mar 31999 Helios Mail Init rw rw r 840 Feb 24 1997 READ ME macapps Helios Terminal total 114 rw rw r 0 Mar 10 1999 AppleTalk ADSP Tool rw rw r 51261 Mar 31999 Helios Terminal rw rw r 489 Sep 9 1998 READ ME rw rw r 0 Oct 201998 VT320 Tool rw rw r 0 Feb 241997 VT320Font macapps Time Server total 2 rw rw r 518 Feb 27 1997 READ ME rw rw r 0 Mar 31999 Time Server macapps Unsupported total 208 rw rw r 7588 Sep 9 1998 About LanTest rw rw r 92582 Sep 9 1998 Helios LanTest psfonts A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory A 15 terminfo total 8 drw
179. al zone names for the same network number range O If you want to connect your host to an external Apple Talk router box you must use exactly the same zone name s in the same order as the router Please refer to the router s instruction manual to find out how to deter mine its configuration This is often done with a config uration program on a Macintosh attached to the router O If an external router provides one or more zone names for the local network segment you must either specify all of them or none of them In the latter case Ether Share interrogates the router for the names This is however less safe as described in chapter A 3 4 Seed routers non seed routers above O If your network has more than 12 zones they can be specified by editing the atalk conf file manually O If you want to replace an entry use the BACKSPACE key first to delete the existing one O In the New Zone dialog you can use the key to open a pop up menu that shows all recently used zone names A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration A 35 Figure A 18 shows the completed dialog The settings will be saved on selecting the ox button and then appear in the list of interfaces as illustrated in figure A 19 HetConf Version 2 5 8 c 1997 HELIOS Software classic Zones Name le8 New entry Zone of len Start 18 End 18 Default zo
180. all up a directory listing 1s 1R in your EtherShare directory those two columns are part of the list of course pwd usr local es ls 1R total 8814 rw rw r 3938 Mar 21999 Manifest rw r r 5610 Mar 21999 README SEWOC I 4297 Sep 4 10 57 Versions IrWXI XY X 207358 Mar 21999 admsrv rwSr xr x 34900 Mar 21999 afppasswd IrWXI XY X 189305 Mar 21999 afpsrv IrWXI XY X 17268 Mar 21999 atechoping rWXIY XI X 308522 Mar 21999 balanceif drwxrwsr x 2 024 Sep 4 10 56 conf IrWXI XY X 176949 Mar 21999 desksrv drwxrwsr x 2 024 Sep 4 10 46 dicts IWXI XY X 333074 Mar 21999 diskif rWXY XI X 558484 Mar 211999 dt drwxrwsr x 2 024 Sep 4 10 47 etc IrWXI XY X 308054 Mar 21999 holdif IWXI XY X 3685 Mar 21999 install drwxrwsr x 2 024 Sep 4 10 46 kernel rWXY XI X 92936 Mar 21999 lcheck A 12 A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory drwxrwsr x rw rw rw rws s x rws s x rws s x rws s x drwxrwsr x rws s x drwxrwsr x CEWEAEORIOAX od Wake CET ae rWXIr Xr X OCIWEICRICM UDPWAXITEIX wt be be Gates drwxrwsr x YwxXr Xr xX rWXI Xr X CIWGXE EICOE SEWAE ASIA YwxXr Xr xX rw rw rw CEWAE RITM weg E e Clg rw rw rw rWXI Xr X VAEWICE SUI CE FEWEST rWXIr Xr X rWXIr Xr X rWXI XIrI X CIWGDDCRICOE conf total 12 rW rW rW WR LAS E Ee Eege GN iat tee Eet ege I iS SE Wees dicts total 132 rw r r KE ees
181. allocated for users David Tim and Doris root HCg9Cb2AhPkqE 0 0 System Admin bin csh David 152 16 David Smith usr home David bin sh Tim 154 16 Tim Arty usr home Tim bin sh Doris 201 18 Doris Lovely bin date Fig A 4 Example of etc passwd In this example user David has the user number 152 His primary group is group number 16 his full name is David Smith and his home directory is usr home David If he logs on to UNIX directly he will get the UNIX Bourne A 1 Sample configurations A 5 etc group UNIX group list afpvolumes shell User Tim has the user number 154 and his primary group is also group number 16 His full name is Tim Arty and his home directory is usr home Tim Like David he will get the UNIX Bourne shell User Doris however will not get any home directory and has a disabled shell Her full name is Doris Lovely she has the user number 201 and belongs to the primary group 18 The file etc group contains an entry for every group on the UNIX host both UNIX groups and EtherShare groups Two groups are configured in this example see figure A 5 The group Projects has the group number 21 and its mem bers are users David and Tim The asterisk in the pass word field specifies that it is not possible to switch to this group dynamically after logging in The group MacUsers has the group number 18
182. am does not allow manual configuration with netconf Note The Automatic configuration option requires other AppleTalk routers to be connected up and online dur ing EtherShare startup If it does not detect any avail able external routers it starts in single network mode For all EtherShare supported UNIX operating systems ex cept for Linux the Automatic configuration option is also allowed if you have more than one network interface A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 3 Network automatic configuration option A 23 In such cases you can allow automatic configuration by omitting the Configure AppleTalk network numbers step during installation Automatic configuration is enabled by a simplified inter face specification in the EtherShare main configuration file atalk conf as follows atalkd if interface name Example for Solaris 2 x with a single Ethernet interface atalkd if 1le0 Example for Solaris 2 x with two Ethernet interfaces atalkd if 1e0 if lel The entries are inserted automatically by the install script for all recognized hardware interfaces To reinstate automatic configuration after you have already configured the interfaces with Configure AppleTalk network numbers during EtherShare installation you need to edit atalk conf manually and insert appropriate entries as shown above or start netconf as described in chapter A 3 5 Manual network
183. ame det Fig 138 Choosing the AppleTalk ADSP Tool Then use the list in the box on the left to choose the zone of the UNIX host that you want to connect to The list shows all known zones Unless you have other external routers in your network only the zones from internal EtherShare rout ers e g Ethernet will be visible If you only have one zone because you only have one hardware interface or because other zones are not available for some reason you will see an asterisk this represents the current zone rather than a zone name After choosing the zone the list in the box on the right shows all UNIX hosts in the chosen zone with which you are able to make a connection i e all hosts that are running 244 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 4 Configuring the connection the Terminal Server Please choose the desired host and click OK SEIN Windows Keys Open Connection I Clase Connection KK lait far Cannection Hac eige tHe Send FRG Reset Connection Reset Terminal Send Break Fig 139 Session menu Now choose the option Open Connection from the Session menu see figure 139 The UNIX host should reply in the emulation window see figure 140 SSS ibm RDSP terminal server on host ibm lt C gt 1998 Helios Software GmbH login Fig 140 Emulation window Please enter your UNIX login name and password which are both to be entered with respect to case s
184. an interface specification which was de veloped by Aldus Corp A term used by Apple Computer when the AppleTalk pro tocol is used on an Ethernet network The Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI is a network system based on fiber optic cables FDDI is characterized by very high speed and medium to high cost It largely is immune to electromagnetic interference which is an ad vantage in certain industrial situations A term used by Apple Computer when the AppleTalk pro tocol is used on an FDDI network A part of the Macintosh operating system provided by Ap ple for Macintosh computers Private directory provided for each UNIX user The home directory is the current directory as soon as you log in to a server In this manual the UNIX computer on which the Ether Share Software runs A low speed network interface which is built into Apple Macintosh computers A LocalTalk interface is provided in all Macintosh workstations and in many printers Nowa days the LocalTalk technology is outdated already A 130 A 11 Glossary Network Node NVE PCShare PDF Phase II PPD A cabling system which allows a number of devices such as workstations and printers to communicate with each other Each device in the network can offer specific services or be a user of services provided by other devices For example when a printer offers services to the network the printing of documents it can be used by any of the
185. an internal router a valid number for start and Ena is any number between 0 and 65279 Numbers between 65280 and 65534 are only used if you do not have a router otherwise they are reserved Note A 32 A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration that EtherShare provides an internal router automatically if you have more than one network connection as in this ex ample Eachrange e g 10 10 allows approx 250 entities nodes The correct choice of the network number range is subject to the following restrictions O If you have no router i e only one internal Ethernet connection in your host and no other external routers do always use the Automatic configuration option O If you want to connect your host to an external router box on the same network segment cable you must use the same network number range start End and the same zone names in the same order as the router Please refer to the router s manual to find out how to determine its configuration This is often done with a configura tion program on a Macintosh attached to the router O Ifan external router broadcasts information that differ from the configuration you have entered you will re ceive a warning when EtherShare starts The system will always rely on the router s information in that case and will ignore your entries O If your host has more than one network connection as in this example n
186. an still unpack attach ments by using HELIOS Mail stand alone as follows copy the mail including attachment as a plain text file from the UNIX host to a Macintosh start HELIOS Mail open the file with Open in the File menu and save the attachment as described above in Saving an attachment 224 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail New template gt Note If your Macintosh client runs Mac OS lt 8 5 Helios Mail will start up with the Don t use Navigation Dialogs checkbox in Edit gt Preferences gt General ticked This means that by default files are attached in Mime base64 format or if you press the Option key while attaching a file to the mail in Mac binhex40 If you want to send several files to another Macintosh user use an archiving program such as Stuffit to create a single compressed file to attach since HELIOS mail can only at tach one file at a time although it is capable of receiving more than one attached file at a time see Saving an attach ment above HELIOS Mail allows to create and use templates You may create a template if you have to send a certain text several times to different people on different occasions BI Edit Mail Addresses Windows Help New Mail 3N Sid Neu Template es New Template Save Save as Save fis Signature Save fis l acation Message Login EI Page Setup Print 8P Quit 0 Fig 122 Creating and using templates
187. and the resource fork in a subdirectory rsrc of the same name A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 7 Additional information A 117 You will find more information about this in chapter 9 3 Directory and file formats A 9 7 3 Default resource fork handling Since UNIX files consist of only one part but Macintosh files of two see A 9 7 2 Macintosh files under UNIX each pure UNIX directory UNIX dir should only have entries without a corresponding resource fork and in a Macintosh volume volume dir each entry should have a corresponding resource fork If you now copy or move an entry from a UNIX dir into a volume dir dt always creates a default resource for this file This is also the default behavior if you move or copy a file from one volume dir to the other If you copy an entry from a volume dir into a UNIX dir dt copies or moves the resource fork as well even if the resource fork is not needed here This is done in order to avoid any unintentional data loss If you do not want to consider the resource forks here you may use the n option for the mv or cp command A 9 7 4 EtherShare and desktops The dt utilities do not require EtherShare to run on the UNIX server where you issue the commands but by default the dt utilities try to connect to the local desktop server on the server where you issue the commands first If this volume is already in u
188. andard Apple system software If the AppleTalk connection is being made via Ethernet FDDI or Token Ring the EtherTalk FDDITalk or TokenTalk file must also be available EtherShare is also provided with several Macintosh utility programs One of these programs Helios Mail uses the UNIX mail program which must be installed and work ing for Helios Mail to work To test this make a UNIX lo gin and try to send a mail between two UNIX users If necessary refer to your UNIX documentation for details 4 3 5 Preparing DOS Windows workstations DOS Windows PCs can also be connected to EtherShare provided that appropriate software is installed on the server A very convenient and fast way of connecting IBM PC compatible computers to your network is to use HELIOS PCShare 2 5 or higher which smoothly co operates with EtherShare 2 6 44 4 Installation 4 3 Preparing the installation Stop PCShare Updating to 2 6 4 3 6 Preparing upgrade installations Please note that installing EtherShare 2 6 will require a stop of all EtherShare services that is file access as well as spooling and printing On some architectures even a reboot of the UNIX server is required If EtherShare volumes are shared with PCShare 2 x on the same server make sure to stop PCShare prior to the EtherShare 2 6 installation other wise the PCShare 2 x clients will encounter loss of write ac cess to the shared volumes Only after successful installatio
189. anges made when creating a new printer 156 Changing group data sssssssssseeeeeeen 112 Changing printer data sssssseeeee 138 Changing user data sse 104 Changing user passwords sssseee 108 EtherShare Admin contin Changing volume data sssssssseeeen 118 e HIE e EE 88 Copying configuration data to different hosts 191 Creating new groups sssssseeeeenenneeeeenn n 115 Creating new Users sssssssssesseeeeennrenee nen 109 Creating new volumes sse 123 Creating printers niece ere a ee partarai 141 Deleting groups sristi eTe EEEE ERA EEST 116 Deleting printer jobs csetera eine Enen REE Eies 166 Deleting printers as aa oa a EEE EE ER 157 Re KEE 110 Deleting volumes eeeeeseeeeeeeneeeeeennnnns 127 Edit Initialization Printer menu eeeeeeeeese 160 Empty Trash Volume menu eee 131 Extension Mappings Lists menu essesss 179 Fonts Lists menu eisien TE E EEREN 168 General explanation essent 19 Group data Adding members to a group 113 Groups Lists Menu i Fisa erana earra paraa genam ain 112 InstallatiOn RE 74 BC tee 102 Logging in via AppleTalk ee 93 Eogging in via TOPP 45 cte ett
190. ans helios de AIX 3 2 UCB 5 64 4 03JUM1 Me 1 Re id AA26321 Fri 11 Jul 1997 16 24 53 0200 Da pd Re Received by sgi 940816 561 8 6 9 940406 56l AUTO Ra for det id QAA03603 Fri 11 Jul 1997 16 29 06 0200 Re 1d F From Mark S lt mark helios de gt d h Dd Message Id 9707111629 2M3599esgi X rr og ft Date Fri 11 Jul 1997 16 29 05 0200 Mt Tol x Ma x Mailer Z Mail 3 2 2 10apr95 MediaMail Tol cel gj St To det helios de o X Subject Fwd Re OPI test CL En Mime Yersion 1 0 Content Type multipart mixed R boundary PART B UNDARYz 19707111629 2M3599 sgi Status RO Fig 131 Stacked windows The option Stack Windows neatly re arranges all the win dows on the screen see figure 131 The options Next Win dow and Previous Window let you switch back and forth 234 6 HELIOS Mail 6 10 Mail Notification Feature Activating the Mail Notifica tion Feature 6 10 Mail Notification Feature When you installed the Macintosh utilities for EtherShare you copied the HELIOS Mail Init into your system fold er After the init has been activated as described below it will inform you immediately if any new mail arrives re gardless of which Macintosh program you happen to be us ing at the time It notifies you with a flashing mail icon a notification message and a sound see figure 132 New mail from hot helios de Horst Teubner E Subject HELIOS Server change
191. aracter device at this address EtherShare uses 8 bit no parity and hardware hand shake See 8 bit transparency and nobinmode in chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually for more information about serial connections 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 147 Note If Connection is shown as Serial and Baud rate is shown as 1 this means that the EtherShare Admin is unable to decode the syntax of the entry in letc printcap If the printer was previously configured correctly this usually indicates that the etc printcap entry has been subsequently modified manually with out using the EtherShare Admin TCP Choose TCP from the Connection box figure 62 for Post connection Script printers that are connected to the network via the TCP IP stream protocol ri ibm Printers TCP Laser H Printer Name TCP Laser Chooser Name TCP spooler Spool Directory usr spool TCP Laser Error Queue None zl O Banner Page O Hide Queue Bd Accounting File O Require Authentication Host Name Magis Ri O CTRL D for job end Fig 62 Data for TCP IP stream printer TCP Laser on host ibm 148 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list Remote LPR connection Enter the name or internet number of the TCP IP printer or terminal server in the Host Name field Enter the ser vice port name or service number in the Port field There should be a PostScript inte
192. arameter settings for a volume EtherShare cat SESDIR conf afpvolumes data shared images ES PS shared volume fixed readwrite unixlocks dtp usr ethershare EtherShare fixed readwrite This option is only active after the Macintosh client un mounted and remounted all volumes from an EtherShare Server Please note that symbolic links pointing to directories in or outside the current volume would confuse the File Server and are therefore not displayed For example two directo ries in one volume might have the same directory ID A double click on one of the folders then could open the other If you need links use the Macintosh Make Alias function instead 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 275 name zone 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program When it starts the File Server program afpsrv first ac cesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its configuration The associated program afppasswd does not require an entry in the configuration file The install program automatically sets up atalk conf with initial values The values can be changed if necessary by us ing an editor such as vi See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually The parameters described below can be defined for afpsrv in atalk conf note that the program name af psrv precedes the parameter list name netname netnam
193. are sent to lpr i e papsrv incorporates all required font dictionary 11 The Print Server 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program 367 and OPI image information into the jobs in advance and re solves Include references This is needed whenever you want to use printers that cannot be driven directly by the printer interface programs supplied with EtherShare This includes the printer interface program diskif and proprietary printer connections But be aware that if you use the resolve switch you will need substantially more spooling space on the local server Normally print job resolving is done on the fly by the specified interface program such as papif and jobs queued in the printer s spool directory are not yet resolved This design approach saves spooling storage particularly if you are using EtherShare OPI The resolve switch causes the papsrv to call the pseudo interface program SESDIR psresolve which compares the fonts needed by the document with the printer s resident font list which resides in the FONTS file in the printer s spool directory and with the list of available server fonts in SESDIR psfonts FontDirectory Thus it is more intelli gent than choosing Postscript Job from the application s Print dialog the latter always includes all document fonts regardless of whether you need them or not See Font includ ing in chapter 11 4 The Print Server in op
194. are servers are dependent on the functions of this program in order to be able to communicate with the network None of the servers will start until atalkd is running you will get a cannot register error message The host is normally configured to start atalkd automatically when UNIX is booted atalkd is also responsible for making known to the Apple Talk network the names of all AppleTalk services which are available on the UNIX host i e the EtherShare File Server Print Server Administration Server Terminal Server Mail Server and Time Server When an EtherShare server is started the chosen Apple Talk name for the server defined in the main configuration file atalk conf is passed to atalkd which also receives 256 8 The EtherShare System 8 3 The AppleTalk protocol stack Network administration a corresponding message from the server when it is shut down atalkd automatically checks whether the chosen name is unique to the network zone If the name is already in use the server is immediately aborted with the error mes sage Duplicate name exists already and it is necessary to change the name in the main configuration file atalkd is also responsible for ApplTalk routing table maintenance to allow the kernel modules to route between all active network interfaces Another task of atalkd is to manage all information about connected AppleTalk networks Under Appl
195. ason modified versions of the standard prep files for the drivers LaserWriter Version 5 2 and Laser Writer Version 6 0 are included in EtherShare in SESDIR dicts Their names are AppleDict md 68 0 and AppleDict md 70 0 respectively The Print Serv er uses these modified files automatically instead of the versions provided by Apple This problem is no longer present with Mac OS Version 7 0 and above since Apple no longer make their prep files resident 5ESDIR dicts also contains a Linotype dictionary and a HELIOS dictio nary 11 The Print Server 11 4 The Print Server in operation 363 Restarting the If the server shuts down while there are print jobs running Print Server you will need to restart the affected printers using the UNIX command Ipc restart all This can also be done with the Restart Printer option of the EtherShare Admin applica tion restart pap The shell script 5ESDIR restart pap is used internally by EtherShare to restart all printer queues This is necessary to enable printer configuration changes in the atalk conf file to come into effect immediately without restarting the en tire EtherShare system 364 11 The Print Server 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program name type 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program When it starts the Print Server papsrv first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its config uration and t
196. ationDate Thu Mar 15 08 57 55 1990 A Courier Oblique VMusage 26389 33281 A Garamond Bold Z The digitally encoded machine readable outline data fq A Garamond Boldita Z2 Typefaces licensed to you is copyrighted c 1981 Ling A Garamond Light subsidiaries All Rights Reserved This data is the pro A Garamond Lightlt AG and or its subsidiaries and may not be reproduced modified disclosed or transferred without the expreg A Helvetica Bold Linotype AG and or its subsidiaries Helvetica is a trademark of Linotype AG and or its suh w Fig 80 Fonts list for host ibm showing font header information 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 169 EtherShare Admin can install Adobe Type 1 and Type 3 printer fonts not Screen fonts or TrueType fonts onto the Print Server directly from the font manufacturer s original font disks or another depository gt Open the Fonts window in the Lists menu and choose New in the File menu Then select the drive and folder Se lect individual fonts for copying or choose Load all Fonts compare figure 81 to load all fonts from the folder that is currently opened File Edit Lists Help ibm Fonts i Load all Fonts AmericanTupewriter Bo AmericanTupewriter Bo D FontDirectory AmericanTypewriter Bo AmericanTypewriter BO Z AdobeSerMM AmericanTypewriter Co E cobo pfb Hoon mm AmericanTypewriter Co AmericanTypewrite
197. ations of files folders by UNIX commands files folders will get an adjusted ID only after the complete desktop is verified and all other objects will retain their original ID 10 The Desktop Server 10 2 The Desktop Server Program 335 File and directory IDs are stored in both the Desktop file and the file s or directory s resource file if the verifica tion detects differences the IDs from the resource files are assumed to be the correct ones While a rebuild is running it is possible to write to an EtherShare volume As long as the desktop database is not yet complete changes to files or folders may result in different file folder IDs issued for objects not yet re enumerated by rebuild To prevent inconsistencies between information stored in the desktop databases of an EtherShare volume and the files folders on this volume the rebuild process encounter ing an RPC timeout will exit immediately Desktop infor mation for this volume will be incomplete until a rebuild finished successfully In case afpsrv processes also encounter RPC timeouts the volume will get secured against write access and will be grayed out in the Chooser s volume list Opening folders and reading files will still be possible but creating renam ing moving files or folders will not be possible any longer Not even trashing files folders will be allowed RPC timeouts are symptoms which are usually caused by high server or I O load slo
198. ats and 9 5 Us ers and groups to 9 7 Access privileges Before you try and use any of the dt commands you should be well familiar with the corresponding UNIX com mands If you need more information about how the dt utilities work and how problems arise without the utilities please read the Technical notes following each command description and chapter A 9 7 Additional information A 88 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 3 How to install the dt utilities Installing dt Before getting started A9 3 Howto install the dt utilities The dt utilities do not require a special installation proce dure We do not recommend to sym link regular cp mv rm commands to the dt utilities Although this is possi ble you should verify your current and future system envi ronment very carefully to assure proper operation of your programs scripts and established workflow Especially you should check whether your site uses special HSM tape robot or RAID software which may also use their own versions of these UNIX commands Take into ac count that different users and script based programs may make use of different shells and environment settings We suggest to check for each EtherShare volume the con sistency between the volume information and the volume s desktop database EtherShare 2 6 offers a new rebuild op tion namely s scan only which can be used for this pur
199. atted with the Macintosh HFS file system Mounting causes the Administration Server to carry out a UNIX mount by calling the script SESDIR etc mount afp The script accesses the host s file system table e g Jetc fstab for mounting information After the UNIX mount the volume can be mounted on the desktop with the Chooser You will only see the correct Macintosh icons if the medium contains Macintosh files and has a desktop file 134 5 EtherShare Admin 5 9 Volume menu Unmounting removable volumes in valid EtherShare format Otherwise you will see generic UNIX icons only or alternatively the icons that have been defined in your extension mappings table see chapter 5 13 7 Extension Mappings A tick mark shows that the volume is currently mounted compare figure 53 Before you can eject the medium from the drive again all users of the volume must first unmount it by trashing the volume s desktop icon use the Lists Rctive Users op tion to see who uses a specific volume You must then do a UNIX unmount by selecting the volume in the Volumes list and choosing Mount from the Volume menu a second time so that the tick mark disappears You will get an error message from the EtherShare Admin if you try to unmount a drive which is still in use Note A removable read only volume e g a CD ROM has no Desktop file You can unmount it without getting any error message as long as no file is still in use
200. ave Finder info which stores among other things the folder s window position and size and the viewing style The Finder info for a folder is stored in the parent s folder resource directory which is created automatically when the folder is created See Creating new folders under UNIX in chapter 9 7 Access privileges for related information 268 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats Suppose you have a file Test in folder Demo which is in dave s home volume Under UNIX you will have home dave Demo Test file s data fork home dave Demo rsrc Test file s resource fork home dave rsrc Demo folder s Finder info Furthermore if for example the volume mount point is home apps the volume desktop is contained in the UNIX file home apps Desktop The Network Trash Folder for the volume is contained in the UNIX directory home apps Network Trash Folder and the file home apps rsrc Network Trash Folder Finder info for the root of the volume viewing style layout info etc is contained in home apps rsrc volrsrc See chapter 10 The Desktop Server for related information The file names Desktop Desksrv and the rsrc folder are protected by EtherShare and cannot be copied or accessed from a Macintosh client Inside an EtherShare volume rsrc directories can only be missing if folders were created manually from UNIX or if r
201. ay round allowdomain company com deny 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 would allow access to any machine that uses an IP address that resolves to a host name ending in company com The domain based access controls do cause a reverse look up for the host name of every IP address that is used to con nect to the server If you use any IP addresses that do not have reverse mapping timeouts might occur that slow down establishing a connection to the server Please note that anybody who owns the reverse mapping of a set of IP addresses can specify arbitrary domains in his reverse DNS mapping not only his own domains AFP over TCP uses connections to port 548 The port can be changed by specifying the afpport parameter in atalk conf afpsrv afpport 1024 A 78 A 8 IP configuration Reference Part would use port 1024 instead For successful connections the port number on the client side must be changed accord ingly This can be done by either specifying hostname port in the dialog that lets you enter an IP num ber or by using the AppleShare Client Setup tool http www apple com appleshareip Figure A 27 shows the user interface of this setup tool the Default TCP Port is set to 1024 amp File Edit AppleShare Client Setup J AppleShare Client Setup for AppleShare Chooser Extension Atalk Lookup Timeout Seconds TCP Lookup Timeout Seconds d Verify TCP Address with Ping J Notify user
202. ber of the SysAdm QueueAdm or PrnAdm groups The EtherShare Admin will prompt for acknowledgment of deletion to allow deletion to be aborted if required You can suppress the warning by holding the Option key when choosing Clear This can be useful when deleting a number of entries at the same time If you have more than one printer queue running on the same host you can open two or more printer job windows simultaneously and move jobs between queues printers by clicking with the mouse and dragging You might want to do this if one of the queues is too long or a printer needs to be stopped for cleaning You can do this without stopping the printers Hold and error queues are usually not connected to a phys ical printer Thus in order to restart a job from a hold or er ror queue you have to drag it to the printer job window of 5 EtherShare Admin 5 12 Printer job windows moving restarting and deleting jobs 167 a queue that will execute the job An example is shown in figure 79 where a job from a hold queue is moved to the real printing queue Iw ibm Printer Jobs hold On hold till Aug 25 16 17 14 1998 33 minutes 57 seconds remaining Document Date Time T Admin Docu 1 25 08 1998 14 10 Uhr 666ibm Cl Admin Docu 2 25 08 1998 14 12 Uhr uo 124 desc txt et 32 25 08 1998 14 13 Uhr 668ibm HELIOS 25 08 1996 14 17 Uhr mailing 25 08 1998 14 24 Uhr Promo 25 08 1998 14 26 Uhr
203. bsolute UNIX path of the program which as soon as diskif has successfully resolved the print job is started with the parameters Pprintername pathtopsfile g notifyprog usr local bin distillnotify diskif exports the following environment variables dur ing the program call HELIOS JOBFOR user name if available of print job creator HELIOS_JOBUSER lt user name if available as known to Ipd gt 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 397 compression HELIOS_JOBHOST lt name if available of server which hosts the printer queue gt HELIOS_JOBTITLE lt print job title if available gt HELIOS_PRINTERNAME lt logical UNIX name of the printer queue gt HELIOS_JOBPAGES lt expected number of pages This value may differ slightly from the actual number gt HELIOS_JOBSIZE lt expected print job size in bytes The stated value is often smaller than the actual size gt compression mode mode determines the compression type You can choose from different types of compressing Lzw ZIP and None None means there is no file compression at all 11 6 7 Printing to a hold error queue The printer interface programs e g tcpif pat dis kif etc can be configured to forward all processed print jobs to a hold queue On a hold queue the resolved jobs are stored for an adjustable amount of time However the print er interfaces can also be configured to forward fau
204. by placing the t character at the beginning of the corresponding entry Under UNIX each user must be assigned a home directory to be able to log in This is not mandatory for EtherShare users if you use EtherShare Admin to create a user you can leave the home directory field empty in which case only EtherShare access and not UNIX access is possible Each time you log on to EtherShare if a home directory has been specified you are automatically assigned a private home volume by the File Server The name of the home volume is shown abbreviated on the Macintosh workstation by using the tilde character together with the user name e g david It can be used to store the user s pri vate files with the exception of the administrator no other user has access to someone else s home volume If a particular user should only be allowed access to public EtherShare volumes and not be assigned a home volume 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes 305 Duplicate volume names when creating the user you can leave the home directory field empty in the EtherShare Admin which is equivalent to omitting the home directory entry in the system file Jetc passwd This may depending on the UNIX system disable the login to the UNIX shell but is not the same as specifying nohomedir in atalk conf under afpsrv which simply makes the home volume invisible to all Macintosh users af
205. can also use chmod to change ac cess privileges for Hierarchical File System HFS volumes created for Macintosh computers on the EtherShare File Server although you should normally use the Macintosh program Sharing in the File menu for this purpose Please refer to chapters 9 3 Directory and file formats and 9 7 Access privileges Important You should never change the privileges of files in the EtherShare program directories or in spool directories used by the EtherShare Print Server chown The UNIX programs chown and chgrp can be used to chgrp change the owner creator or group of a file or directory although you should normally use the Macintosh program Sharing in the File menu for this purpose Only the sys tem administrator can change the owner of a file or change the file s group to one in which the owner is not a member Important For all of the commands mentioned above we recom mend to use the HELIOS Desktop utilities that belong to EtherShare 2 6 These utilities mimic the functional ity of the UNIX commands mkdir rmdir chmod chown chgrp etc while maintaining the integrity of the desktop database The Desktop utlities are de scribed in appendix A 9 The Desktop utilities cron The UNIX program cron cronos lt Greek gt time which runs continuously within UNIX can be configured to start and stop specified programs at predetermined t
206. ccess the UNIX server in addition to the AppleTalk network must follow UNIX conventions anyway in order to ensure ac ceptance by UNIX system programs such as login 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups 291 UNIX user list etc passwd UNIX group list etc group The UNIX system file etc passwd contains a list of all users known to the system An entry line in this file speci fies for each user the user name his her password in en crypted form the user number user id the group number group id of the user s primary group comments general ly the full name of the user the user s home directory and the program or shell which should be started when the user logs on to the UNIX system If a particular user should be prevented from directly ac cessing the UNIX server it is necessary to assign him her a starting program which permits no or very limited UNIX system access The EtherShare File Server also uses the UNIX system file etc passwd for user administration Each user that needs to access volumes on the File Server must have an entry in this file The entry specifies the user number and thus the assigned access privileges The field for home directory can be left empty if the user does not require his her own home volume Users can be assigned to one or more groups whereby as signment to at least one group the primary group is com pulsory The user s primary group is
207. ce atalk conf RE le EE 257 ip atalkeconf 5 ai aee eiim y 279 ele 304 ipaccess atalk conf ssssseeeeeeee 279 ipaddress atalk conf sssssseeeeen 278 ipaddresses atalk conf ssssssssseeeeeenne 278 ISO 8859 1 DEC VT200 sse 412 J jobholdtime atalk conf A 398 K Kernel Inking tiat Re cete tefte A 71 key atalk conf sse enne nnns 394 Keyboard Shortcuts for working with EtherShare Admin 103 L license error messages ier tS enean He re ronde een 457 EitioDICE 0 ctn crees ttt a ead 401 Linotype Color Separation Extensions ssssssssss 401 Loadable rivets tritt en ect ER entente A 69 LocalTalk DGTINIT OM cC eh A 129 localwinsize atalk conf ADS EE 277 MAISA cerca tects E RC i eive EE e 433 DSDS EE 379 TON jo PED 445 locks atalk conf ccena eee dae e Dres 281 Logging on Logging on to EtherShare to UNIX server 12 ero mc ELE P ES PEE DDR EBEN 353 lpQ iiie ttp Ut teo tere t db c etes 372 leie UNIX ee na rae pta re t ee a dd dp ed ed dota A 67 lpr UNIX General explanation sess 21 M Mac binhex40 encoding sseseem 224 MEI o MR IP A 9 Machine ID Extracting the server s machine ID 0 7 Macintosh workstations Preparing a Macintosh for installation 42 Magn
208. ch the mail directory is polled for new mail Usually you use the biff program for mail notification instead since you get imme diate notification this way and because biff needs less system overhead The Mail Server only polls for mail at the time interval specified by seconds if biff has been disabled or is not available for some reason The default for seconas is 60 one minute no biff This switch specifies whether or not to use the UNIX biff program for mail notification biff is the preferred meth od since it needs less system overhead than polling for mail However on some systems biff is already used by other programs such as comsat and may not be available for use by the Mail Server In this case the Mail Server au tomatically falls back to polling for mail If you want to release biff from comsat for use with the Mail Server bracket out the corresponding line in the UNIX configuration file etc inetd conf by inserting a at the start of the line Then re initialize inetd with the command kill 1 xxx where xxx is the process id of the inetd process Final ly stop and restart the AppleTalk network with stop atalk followed by start atalk 14 The Mail Server 14 3 Parameters of the mailen program 435 passwd officialname History biff was the name of a dog belonging to a Berkeley programmer who wrote part of th
209. change any of the fields as required editing is carried out as usual in a regular Macintosh en vironment Note that the user Home directory field can be left blank but a starting program and a primary group are obligatory If the user should not receive the rights to access the UNIX shell bin date can be entered in the Start program field If the user Home directory field is left empty a private user volume will not be provided by the File Server Otherwise it is provided automatically by EtherShare see also homedir in chapter 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program Note as EtherShare volume is not allowed at all Use an other directory if root needs a private volume In order to assign an additional group to the user activate the Groups list and click on one of the group names With out releasing the mouse button drag the name away from the list a dotted frame is drawn around the selection and 5 EtherShare Admin 5 6 Users list 107 release the mouse button over the user s list of groups compare figure 30 The list will appear bold when the cur sor is positioned correctly ibm Users michael ibm Groups User name G3 adm G3 bin Di daemon Full name Michael Meier Q3 develop Password Home directory home michael gp general Start program bin ksh Primary group Di macusers mail Groups Provided that the user is not already a member of this group the grou
210. cintosh computers are connected you should get a single response line for the host s loop back channel When you enter the atechoping command you will see something like the following cd usr local es atechoping got packet from 21 27 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 29 216 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 20 168 t 4 type 4 got packet from 20 128 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 20 218 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 20 229 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 25 62 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 26 143 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 24 30 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 21 214 t 4 type 4 got packet from 20 143 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 21 39 skt 4 type 4 n 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation 65 The HELIOS vpoll program got packet from 29 116 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 20 230 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 28 175 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 25 174 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 20 251 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 27 54 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 20 207 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 20 249 skt 4 type 4 got packet from 20 144 skt 4 type 4 Each line shows the net node socket and echo type You can also enter atechoping nn where nn is the network number to echo test other networks Other Ether Share hosts also return a one line message Our UNIX application vpoll can be used to get a more de tailed view of the available devices in the network The pro
211. cintosh hard disk nosavepasswd and the minimum password length is 7 characters minpwlenz The Print Server will show the names of three printers in the Macintosh s Chooser window SilentSpooler TCPSpooler and SerialSpooler specified by namez Print jobs can be passed to the logical printers Iw ps and Laser specified by printer lw is defined as the AppleTalk Printer Silentwriter in zone LocalZone entity ps is defined as the TCP IP stream printer with service port number 4000 on internet A 1 Sample configurations etc printcap UNIX printer configuration file host 192 9 200 1 Laser2 is defined as the printer con nected to local host port ttyb which designates a serial RS 232 interface in this example The Terminal Server will use a VT100 emulation The Mail Server will notify recipients immediately if mail is received biff check every 30 seconds for incoming mail mailinterval if biff is otherwise occupied and send mail with the UNIX sendmail program mailer The Administration Server has been assigned the name AdminServer name The maximum number of workstations that can use the Administration Server at the same time is 8 sessions SESDIR conf atalk conf atalkd if le0 10 10 140 EtherZone if le1 20 20 140 0therZone afpsrv name isis guestid macuser nosavepasswd minpwlen 7
212. cintosh utilities can be deleted by simply putting them into the trash You have to remove the following items O Helios Terminal and any connection documents it has created O EtherShare Admin O Helios Mail O the Mail Preferences Terminal Prefs and EtherShare Prep from the Preferences subfolder of the System Folder O the AppleTalk ADSP Tool VT320 Tool Helios Mail Init and Time Server from the Extensions subfolder of the System Folder 4 7 2 Deleting the EtherShare UNIX software Two steps are necessary to delete the EtherShare UNIX software 78 4 Installation 4 7 Uninstalling EtherShare First of all you have to use the EtherShare Admin to delete all printers which are registered for use with EtherShare Delete all jobs and spool directories under UNIX Additionally delete all EtherShare volume directories un der UNIX After this you can delete the EtherShare software itself by entering a command similar to the following cd usr local es stop atalk now etc uninstall cd rm r es Replace usr local es in the above command with your SESDIR path if you did not use the default directory The uninstall script disables any kernel modifications made by the EtherShare installation The kernel changes will be removed completely the next time you do a rebuild of the kernel Some systems also need to be rebooted If your system did not need any kernel mo
213. compare figure 37 The list will appear bold when the cur sor is positioned correctly 114 5 EtherShare Admin 5 7 Groups list ibm Groups develo b Group Members ibm Users ET D pam D paul D pcuser peter bim 3 root D sam support 3 supportd SL Fig 37 Assigning user peter to group develo b on host ibm Provided that the user is not already a member of this group he she will be added to the list of members now Please note that this procedure is only possible between user lists and group lists on the same host see also chapter 5 15 Multi ple EtherShare hosts In order to delete a user from the group s list of members select the user name and choose Clear from the Edit menu This operation should not be confused with deleting a user from the user list Solely the membership of the user in the group is deleted which is not the same as deleting the user from the system If you make any changes in the group data window they are only valid after clicking Save and only take effect with the next user login Provided that the changes have not been saved the Revert button can be used to recall the original data If an attempt is made to close the window without sav 5 EtherShare Admin 5 7 Groups list 115 Creating groups ing or reverting changes the EtherShare Admin prompts whether saving should be carried out or not A new group can be created as follows
214. configuration A 24 A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 4 Seed routers non seed routers A3 4 Seed routers non seed routers If in addition to EtherShare your network includes other external routers or if it includes certain other types of AppleTalk entities such as a Novell Netware for Macin tosh file server then it is necessary to specify network numbers and zone information for each physical segment in your network Routers are configured in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions The EtherShare configura tion is described below When you consider an example network with two stand alone routers you can either hard configure both routers with identical zone information or configure one of them to interrogate the zone information broadcast by the other one In the first case both routers are so called seed rout ers In the latter case one of the routers is a seed router since it is responsible for broadcasting the zone informa tion and the other router is a passive non seed device The latter case requires less work because you only have to hard configure one of the routers If you change the config uration of the seed router the non seed router automatically reconfigures itself after a short delay Of course this will require EtherShare to be restartet However the first case is technically safer because the net work is left completel
215. cp tcp tcp tcp udp udp udp tcp tcp tcp tcp udp tcp udp tcp udp 624 624 624 628 628 628 2049 2049 032 033 032 034 034 034 035 035 036 037 898 900 904 907 912 915 918 920 7937 936 936 936 940 940 940 948 948 948 948 985 984 987 644 646 mountd mountd mountd mountd mountd mountd nfs nfs bootparam penfsd rexd rstatd rstatd rstatd rusersd rusersd sprayd walld desksrv afpsrv afpsrv pcshare pcshare The EtherShare Desktop Server has the official allocated program number 300261 the AFP Server has number 300619 You have to add suitable entries to etc rpc to 64 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation atechoping make sure that the strings desksrv and afpsrv are dis played alongside the desksrv and afpsrv processes as shown above Use the following command to check for ex ample whether desksrv is running and responding rpcinfo u localhost 300261 program 300261 version 1 ready and waiting The next thing you should do is use the AppleTalk echo di agnosis program ESDIR atechoping to test the network for services and thus see if the EtherShare base system is communicating with other AppleShare nodes When you run this program on the host you should get one response line for the host s loopback channel and one for each Mac intosh which is switched on and connected to the same net work segment If no Ma
216. cript code the rest of the job is immediately aborted with an appropriate error message and depending on set tings in the EtherShare Admin e g forwarded to an error queue 362 11 The Print Server 11 4 The Print Server in operation Since the print job is temporarily stored in the UNIX file system it can be rapidly transmitted from the workstation to the host without the workstation having to wait for the printer spooling function Further processing of the print job is carried out automatically by the Print Server while the user can continue with other jobs As described above the Print Server stores all prep files in the prep directory and only transfers them to the printer when they are required The prep files are not made resi dent in the printer This allows switching between different prep files which are incompatible with each other with out having to manually reset the printer The print server appends the prep files in non resident form to the begin ning of the print job and sends the complete file to the printer as a single job However the standard prep files provided for the Apple LaserWriter 6 0 printer drivers are designed to be trans ferred to the printer as resident preps in advance of the print job itself Due to problems in the standard Apple prep files errors may occur when the Print Server ap pends them to the job and the job may not print properly For this re
217. cussed each new user needs an entry in the system file etc passwd The user must be assigned a name that is not yet known to the system Following this a unique user number must be specified and the user s primary group must be chosen If the user requires access to private vol umes the user s home directory must also be specified Specification of the start program depends on whether the user should also be granted direct access to the UNIX system or not If the user should solely have access to EtherShare the starting program should automatically re ject the user with a corresponding message if he she at tempts to log on directly to the UNIX system For example you can write a shell script called nologin for this pur pose Such a shell script can automatically write a history report of logon attempts with user name date and time to a file to allow the administrator to see which non authorized users have tried to obtain direct access to the UNIX server 296 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups The following shows a typical entry for etc passwd David 152 16 David Smith usr home David bin sh In this example the username is David and the user num ber is 152 His password has not yet been allocated His pri mary group is group number 16 the group must already exist in the file etc group The comment to this entry is David Smith the user s full name The user s home di r
218. d printer acct log file name The programs prefrestore prefdump and prefvalue can be used to create and update the EtherShare PC Share EtherShare OPI 2 1 PDF Handshake and Print Preview preferences file ESDIR conf Preferences only if installed on the same server A 44 A 4 EtherShare utility programs Usage prefrestore p PreferencesFile ASCIIPreferenceExport PreferencesFile is the binary preference database file which imports the preferences from ASCIIPreferenceEx port Any old preferences are deleted then If omitted the default file ESDIR conf Preferences will be taken ASCIIPreferenceExport is a text file normaly exported from the preference file using prefdump which builds the new preference file Dumping preferences into a readable form can be done us ing prefdump Usage prefdump o AsciiPreferenceExport PreferencesFile PreferencesFile is the binary preference database file which exports the preferences If omitted the default file SESDIR conf Preferences will be taken If asclIpreferenceExport is specified the preference data base will be exported to that file If omitted the preference database will be printed to stdout Setting and retrieving single entries of the preference data base can be done using the program prefvalue found in SESDIR etc A 4 EtherShare utility programs A 45 Usage prefvalue k Keys d t ty
219. d OpenUl CloseUI Missing Ul name Missing order parameter Missing section parameter Missing keyword parameter Missing Key Missing Object Out of memory Invalid value Function not executed Key not found Function not yet implemented Line too long No more entries available Key name not found 17 Technical support 476 17 3 Error Messages Key Option not found Key OptionTrns not found Key ValueTrns not found Group NameTrns not found Ul NameTrns not found Error while restarting Ipd A fatal error occured while restarting the line printer dae mon Mostly a UNIX system failure caused by a lack of sys tem resources or an already running Ipd No current control file The current print job does not have an control file This may occur in case a printer interface program is started manually and not by the Tod No history information found The current print job should have a history entry in its con trol file but none is found This occurs with damaged con trol files either created while the system was out of resourc es or manipulated manually No such printer in cap The printer requested has no entry in etc printcap 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 477 No such value in cap The capability requested is not listed in the printer s capa bilities Output from Ipd s The line printer daemon process issued the output s whil
220. d accounting files 171 chapter 8 5 AppleTalk stack utility programs for related information File Edit BEC Message Help Users Groups ibm Active Users Volumes Printers AFPServer det 25434 15 48 Uhr Pla Fonts AdminServer sam 29420 fictive Users AFPServer sam 45098 Printer Log File AFPServer ronald 34056 Server Log File AFPServer support 15652 System Messages MailServer support 35376 Versions PCShare nobody 38210 Extension Mappings UNIXTerminal support 22060 OPI Server Settings UNIXTerminal ronald 33406 PDF Settings AFPServer X paul 37326 IP ficcess Fig 82 Active Users window on host ibm You can send short AFP messages to any client connect ed via AFP server or PCShare server This can be done us ing the Message menu item that automatically appears in the menu bar whenever the Active Users window is open and brought to the foreground gt To send a message highlight the users you want to address select Message and Send Message from the menu and enter your individual message in the dialog as shown in fig ure 83 This feature is available to AFP server clients only AFP messages are displayed automatically in a message window on the addressees monitors They are not saved in 5 EtherShare Admin 172 5 13 Other lists and accounting files a file the addressees delete them on closing the respective message window by clicking the OK button
221. d by EtherShare Obviously in this case too the workstation is logged on or connected to the UNIX host Fortunately EtherShare simulates the usual Macintosh environment in every way as described in Apple s AppleShare manual and users may not even be aware that they are linked to a UNIX based computer rather than just another Macintosh 14 3 Introduction 3 2 Introduction to EtherShare and AppleTalk 3 2 Introduction to EtherShare and AppleTalk The software which makes up EtherShare provides Apple Share server functions for Apple Macintosh and DOS Windows based computers connected together in an AppleTalk network Rather than running on an Apple Mac intosh computer like conventional AppleShare servers EtherShare is based on the powerful multitasking multiuser features available under the UNIX operating system Due to the availability of a large range of different UNIX based computer systems of varying performance and price with EtherShare it is very easy to expand the power of your AppleTalk network at a later date when the amount of work and the number of users increase EtherShare includes the EtherShare Admin program which makes it very easy for the system administrator to configure the network The EtherShare Admin can also be used by regular users to check the configuration However they are prevented from making any changes The EtherShare software can be subdivided into eight func tional modules The
222. d by each dirname operand provided that this oper and refers to an empty directory Usage dt rmdir ps dirname The following options apply p allow users to remove the directory dirname and its parent directories which become empty A message is printed on the standard error about whether the whole path is removed or part of the path remains for Some reason S suppress the message printed on the Standard error when p is in effect A 96 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 9 5 5 dt mv dt mv moves the selected files or directories to a destina tion file or directory Usage dt mv fiknvz f1 f2 dt mv fiknvz fl fn dl dt mv fiknvz dl d2 The three different usages are provided for the following cases move a file fl to the destination file f2 move the passed files fl fn into the des tination directory dl move the passed directory into the destina tion directory d2 and create d2 if it does not exist The following options apply c move a file from one Macintosh volume to another Macintosh volume with a different character set without getting an error message Important If you do not use the c option with the dt mv and dt cp commands an error message only occurs if you copy move files from a Macintosh volume to another Copying moving from a UNIX directory or a PCShare volume to a Macintosh volume will not provoke any warning a
223. d on the Macintosh are replaced by a box character Another much faster way to network your UNIX host and thus your Macintosh computers with IBM PC compatible computers is to use HELIOS PCShare see chapter A 11 Glossary PCShare has its own built in algorithm for dealing with long file names containing accented charac ters The EtherShare Print Server program papsrv is a cen tral spooler for print jobs destined for PostScript devices such as page printers e g LaserWriter and photo typeset ting machines e g Linotype The ImageWriter II and Im ageWriter LQ are also supported One or more printers can be connected to EtherShare simul taneously either through Ethertalk TCP IP or connected directly to the UNIX host via a serial interface Print jobs are received from the network and temporarily stored on the UNIX host before being sent to the assigned printer print spooling This considerably improves the throughput of the workstations on the network since they can immediate 3 Introduction 3 2 Introduction to EtherShare and AppleTalk 17 ly dispatch their print jobs and do not have to wait for the printer Other connection types are also supported see chapter 11 The Print Server Since EtherShare allows PostScript devices to be directly connected to the print server via a serial interface it is not necessary for them to support Apple s Printer Access Pro tocol PAP The interface b
224. dates via HELIOS Web site For both update service products contact your supplier for price information and for a copy of the relevant application form or visit the HELIOS Web site www helios de 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 457 17 3 Error Messages The following section lists and describes the most impor tant error messages for all UNIX program modules except for the Desktop Server Desktop Server errors are described in the corresponding chapter Allerror messages are constructed the same way They start with the name of the issuing program followed by the UNIX process ID in brackets This is then followed by a verbose error message which may include variable strings and numbers for example afpsrv 12345 The file s cannot be opened m In the following strings are abbreviated by s numbers by d and UNIX system error messages by m Refer to your UNIX documentation for more information on UNIX system error messages 17 3 1 license error messages All EtherShare servers verify the integrity of the executable image by performing a checksum and verify the license by reading the license file ESDIR conf ethershare license program file corrupted please reinstall The program checksum did not match A common reason is that you have transferred your EtherShare installation via FTP and you have forgotten to set FTP to image binary mode 17 Technical support 458 17 3 Error
225. days Furthermore EtherShare 2 6 log files contain extended in formation Printer log files e g state the total number of bytes printed and indicate whether you have printed com posite or separations The Versions window provides several information about the program versions of the various Macintosh and UNIX programs that are installed on your system With Ether Share 2 6 this window additionally contains information about your EtherShare interface and syslog configuration The new features are O New user interface with icons that characterize the spe cific items e g large mail or unread mail O More preferences available new user interface of the Preferences dialog O Different reply options e g Reply including Letter O Wrap and Find options in the Edit menu O Possibility of sorting incoming mails by type date name of sender or subject you just have to click on the respective headline e g From or Date O Possibility of creating templates using File gt New gt New Template O Save as Signature option O Vacation option O POP3 Server 3 Introduction 3 6 New features of program version 2 6 33 New features The new features are e g for HELIOS Terminal O Open on Key Press option O Close Window on Connection Close option New With the Time Server you can make sure that the time on Time Server your Macintosh clients is always synchronized to the time on the server you have chosen
226. ddress book is a file containing a global list of e mail addresses see figure 124 User specific address books are not supported Select a mail address Heinrich H heinrich ehelios de Edvard Grieg solveigepeergynt com Holger T holgerehelios de Henner L henner helios de Mark S mark ehelios de Rolf H rolf ehelios de Pascal B pascalehelios de Promo GmbH infoepromo de Fig 124 Addresses in the address book You can use this list to save time when you often send mail to the same people When sending new mail carbon copy ing mail or forwarding mail choose To Copy to BlindCopy to or Forward to Edit and Forward from the Mail menu to automatically open the address book and paste the user s address into your message header In the address book use Shift click to select a range of en tries and use Command click to select deselect individual entries from the list Press the first letter of a name to jump forward to the first name which starts with that letter back ward searching is not supported Click OK when you have made your selection 6 HELIOS Mail 6 7 Using editing the address book 229 When you installed EtherShare a new address book was automatically created as the empty UNIX text file addressbook in ESDIR conf gt Choose New Address in the Addresses menu to adda new address to the list see figure 125 File Edit Mail DBDICEEIHEE Windows New Add
227. dep recated Itis turned off by default and must be explicitly turned on using an option in atalk conf This flag will disappear in the next major revision 290 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups 9 5 Users and groups Before a user can access the File Server it is necessary for him her to be registered by the administrator and be allo cated a user name and password which both are needed during the logon procedure The user name has a maximum length of 31 characters and the password has a maximum length of 8 characters Note The AIX operating system handles user and group names only up to 8 characters Though users and groups can be set up by using an editor such as vi we strongly recommend that you do this with the EtherShare Admin instead The install program optionally installs a demo user macuser with no password and a demo group macusers by defining them in the appropriate configuration files In theory the user name and password can contain any character in the Macintosh character set However it is rec ommended not to use accented characters etc and punctuation characters such as colon and comma in order to avoid conflicts with the UNIX system files etc passwd and etc group Since some of the Macintosh special characters appear differently on the UNIX server the names might be difficult to recognize User names and passwords for users that want to a
228. des for the serial port of the printer s Post Script interpreter In particular Ctrl C is reserved for abort current job Ctrl D is reserved for end of file and Ctrl T is reserved for return status This problem only affects se rial printer connections AppleTalk TCP IP stream and Shared Memory connections are always binary transpar ent and have a separate communications channel for status messages 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 385 PostScript interpreters of printers manufactured from about 1992 on especially those that support Level 2 PostScript often support a special 8 bit binary transparent mode called binmode which avoids conflicts with control codes by quoting them instead with two 7 bit characters The binmode parameter causes psif to query the speci fied printer at the start of each job for binary mode capabil ity and to automatically set binary mode if possible Binary mode queries cause a small amount of processing overhead so you should only specify this parameter if your printer supports this option The default for this switch is nobinmode The following is a typical etc printcap entry for a serially connected PostScript printer Laser2 lp dev ttyb br 9600 rw fc 0000374 fs 0000003 xc 0 xs 0040040 of usr local es psof if usr local es psif sh imx 0 du 0 sf sd usr spool Laser2 af usr adm printer acct
229. develo b Printer Log File gt f ftp Server Log File gt amp 9 general ibm Groups System Messages G3 helios Versions Q3 Ip Extension Mappings G3 macusers OPI Server Settings amp 89 mai PDF Settings IP Access Fig 35 Groups list on host ibm In order to change the parameters for a particular group you have to open the data window that displays all available information about the selected group see figure 36 Select the required group and choose Open from the File menu or double click on the group name 5 EtherShare Admin 5 7 Groups list 113 ibm Groups develo_b Group Members Fig 36 Group data for group develo b on host ibm The window title shows the name of the Administration Server the window type Groups and the group name The window shows the Group name and the list of the Members of the group The Administration Server gets the group in formation from the files etc group and etc passwd or from the appropriate yellow pages files It is now possible to change the group name and the mem bers of the group In order to assign an additional user to the group activate the Users list and select one of the user names Without re leasing the mouse button drag the name away from the Us ers list a dotted frame is drawn around the selection and release the mouse button over the group s list of members
230. difications for EtherShare uninstall is a dummy script 4 Installation 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer 79 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer If EtherShare is already running on your server you can use the EtherShare Admin on a Macintosh client to get informa tion about the current update level of the EtherShare mod ules Log in as root or SysAdm and open the Versions window as described in chapter 5 13 6 Versions This window lists all modules of EtherShare and the respective update level For example the entry afpsrv 2 5 0u0117 indicates that the HELIOS update u0117 is already in stalled The Versions window however is sorted by module names and does not give an overview about updates Thus itis more reliable to insert the HELIOS CD ROM and use the update installer options List Updates and List History for precise information about the update level on your server The update installer is described below Availability of New HELIOS updates are available on every new distribu updates tion CD ROM and can also be downloaded from our Web server If you receive a new CD ROM and want to add the updates on this CD ROM to your EtherShare installation you should check the updates directory for the update program files and the support techinfo directory for detailed descriptions of the updates The HELIOS For update installations we strongly recommend to use o
231. disk one or more volumes containing folders and files can be mounted at a particular UNIX directory and made available to a group of users Volumes can be set up by using an editor such as vi but we strongly recommend that you do this with the EtherShare Admin instead Note Please see Creating volumes in chapter 5 8 Vol umes list for related information especially if you are using file systems mounted remotely through NFS When a volume is created it can be optionally made avail able to all users groups Such volumes are called public volumes even if not all users groups have the right to ac cess them Public volumes can be optionally protected with a password 302 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes Volume list Public AFP volumes are set up by including them in the public volume list which is the UNIX text file SESDIR conf afpvolumes The install program automatically installs a public vol ume EtherShare by default located in the UNIX directo ry with the most free space by specifying it in the volume list The install program also creates a volume Ether Share Applications in ESDIR macapps It is used for Macintosh programs such as Helios Terminal Helios Mail and EtherShare Admin A sample afpvolumes file is shown in the appendix on page A 5 afpvolumes If you only want access to user volumes and not public vol umes just delete the public volum
232. ditions cause a system crash You do not need stop EtherShare before configuring your interfaces and zones with netconf However you have to stop and start EtherShare after the work is done in order to let the new configuration take effect You can use the HELIOS vpoll program to check your network for existing zone information See The HELIOS vpoll program in chapter 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installa tion for a more detailed description of this program A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 2 Example network setups A 19 A3 2 Example network setups The following figures show example network setups with one NIC Network Interface Card up to four NICs Single Network Figure A 8 shows a network setup comprising a server with one NIC two clients and a network printer This configuration is simple because all nodes are attached di rectly to the bus Fig A 8 Network with 1 NIC A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 20 A 3 2 Example network setups Internet with In the second example configuration the setup again com router andtWO prises one server but now with two NICs The server has to NICs link two networks which enclose two clients each Addi tionally a network printer is connected to one of the sin gle networks see figure A 9 A set of single networks linked together by routers and forming a larger network is called internet Fig A 9
233. dmin and the Time Server Macintosh files are stored on the host in two parts the data file and the resource file The latter is stored in the resource directory In the case of Macintosh applications as distinct from documents the program code is stored in the re source file only and the data file will have zero length The macapps Helios Terminal directory Helios Termi nal folder on the EtherShare Applications volume con tains Helios Terminal tools drivers and utilities needed by the toolbox and a README file The macapps Helios Mail directory Helios Mail fold er on the EtherShare Applications volume contains the Macintosh program Helios Mail the mail notification program Helios Mail Init and a README file A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory A 11 Directory listings The macapps Unsupported directory Unsupported folder on the EtherShare Applications volume contains the HELIOS LanTest and an About LanTest file The macapps Time Server directory Time Server folder on the EtherShare Applications volume contains the Time Server and a README file The psfonts directory initially empty is used to store the Print Server s download PostScript fonts The actual listings depend on the machine type and may vary slightly For space reasons the columns owner and group were omitted in this manual However if you c
234. dow they are only valid after clicking 0K Click Cancel to close the window without saving changes 242 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 4 Configuring the connection 7 4 Configuring the connection When you choose New from the File menu HELIOS Ter minal opens a new window with the chosen tools If you have chosen Connect on open you will also get an auto matic connection to the first host that replies Assuming that Connect on open is not specified you must configure the connection settings before you can make a connection to a particular host To do this choose Connec tion in the Settings menu see figure 137 Settings Connection Terminal file Transfer folder far Heceiupd fies Paste Options v Connect on Open Fig 137 Settings menu First of all make sure that AppleTalk ADSP Tool is specified as Method in the Connection Settings dialog compare figure 138 This tool is the one you need to communicate with the Terminal Server If you have installed other com munications tools such as the Modem Tool they will also be visible in this pop up menu 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 4 Configuring the connection 243 Then check whether UNIXTerminal is specified in the Con nection Type field This must be the same AppleTalk NVE type as that of the Terminal Server on the host Connection Settings Method AppleTalk RD e HELIOS t ans HELIOS II Local Zone HELIOS II Local N
235. ds kminstall d aarp kminstall d ddp A 7 7 2 Re linking the kernel For Data General AViiON systems the AppleTalk driver is supplied in linkable form The install shell script takes care of installing the necessary files in the system directory and rebuilding the kernel All files modified or replaced by the script are saved with the noatalk suffix A 72 A 7 Technical notes A 7 7 AppleTalk kernel configuration DG AViiON On AViiON systems the installation procedure uses the sysadm menus to do most of the complicated rebuilding procedure The installation procedure copies template and library files from the ESDIR kernel directory to etc master d and usr src uts aviion The kernel is re built using the following command asysadm m system kernel o auto The automatic option causes sysadm to collect all tem plates into a new system description and build a new kernel accordingly The new kernel is installed into 7 when suc cessful Upon each boot the ddp multiplexor driver cre ates a dev ddp entry for the user programs A 7 Technical notes A 7 8 UNIX kernel tuning A 73 Solaris 2 x tuning A7 8 UNIX kernel tuning This section describes optional tuning procedures which re quire substantial UNIX experience With the exception of Other tuning tips below they should not be attempted by beginners If the EtherShare host has plenty of memory it may be worthwh
236. e Data files uuencode Mac files Canet Gi Fig 120 Mail file encoding types Furthermore the Navigation Dialog offers three more fea tures which can be reached through the buttons Provides quick access to the desktop your AppleTalk net Shortcuts button work AppleShare IP servers ur and your mounted volumes Displays a list of items that you have selected as favorite n Favorites button places to visit These items E are also available in the Fa vorites folder in the Apple menu 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail 221 E Recent button Displays a list of documents you have recently chosen For the different types of file encoding and their compati bility with different operating systems see Table 1 Windows Mime base64 Data files vV Binhex Mac files uuencode Data files uuencode Mac files Table 1 File encoding formats Note Data files e g doc or pdf contain plain data in formation Mac files on the other hand additionally contain a resource fork beneath the data fork e g giv en an eps file the data fork contains the PostScript information whereas the resource fork holds a PICT preview of the file E mail attachments without Type and Creator info are automatically classified according to their file name suffix FileSuffix FileSuffix MacCreator MacCreator MacType MacType 222 6 HELIOS
237. e program Oe Error during read m A UNIX system call failed while reading data from a file 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 483 Error while writing m A UNIX system call failed while writing data to a file Cannot parse PostScript s An error occured while parsing PostScript data s is an explanatory error message Cannot create temporary string stream m A UNIX system call failed while creating a temporary stream Cannot initialize Openlmage The OpenImage library could not be initialized This most ly happens in case EtherShare has not started correctly More error output follows after this text Cannot set Openlmage parameter An error occured while setting an OpenImage parameter More error output follows after this text Cannot include procset Ge m The required procset s could not be included into the PostScript print jobs due to a UNIX system call failure Unknown or illegal option s The unknown or illegal option s was supplied to a printer interface program 17 Technical support 484 17 3 Error Messages Missing font s The required font s could not be found and the option checkfonts is switched on Therefore printing is aborted Warning cannot open font file Ge m The required font s could not be found and the option checkfonts is switched off Therefore printing is contin ued Cannot read directory Ge m The UNIX dir
238. e the two messages could be Welcome to the Support server of HELIOS Software GmbH and The Support server of HELIOS Software GmbH has now been shut down Note If you are running a demo copy of EtherShare on your Server you cannot alter the default welcome message 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 289 notexttran nodotafpvol umes A maximum of 199 characters will be displayed excess characters are truncated If you want to include national accented characters such as umlauts in your messages use TeachText to write them since the Umlaut codes are stored here in Macintosh binary format itis a lot of work to enter the right codes with a UNIX editor The option notexttran has been added to afpsrv in order to turn off the newline translation for all types of text files notexttran will disable line end translation for all files of type TEXT without regard to creator This feature may be helpful in case Macintosh applications do write binary data into text files For further reading on CR LF conversion see also the paragraph Generic icons in chapter 9 3 Directory and file formats This flag is set by default This option if set rules out the possibility of defining addi tional private volumes in a user s home directory The default if this switch is omitted is nodotafpvolumes Note The afpvolumes file is still supported although
239. e to a UNIX system call failure Ge must be a directory The file s must be a UNIX directory Cannot create file Gei m The file s could not be created due to a UNIX system call failure 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 489 Cannot write to Gei Gm The diskif program could not write data to the file s due to a UNIX system call failure PostScript resolving failed An error occured while resolving the PostScript print job Mostly more error messages follow this text Read failed m A read UNIX system call failed Cannot copy to Ge m A UNIX system call failed while copying the PostScript print job to the file s Error while closing output m A UNIX system call failed while flushing and closing the PostScript output file Error while writing to s 96m A UNIX system call failed while piping PostScript data to an executable program or named pipe s Cannot convert s to UNIX path The configured directory for placing resolved PostScript print jobs is in an unknown notation and cannot be con verted to a UNIX filename 17 Technical support 490 17 3 Error Messages Cannot lock s The file Gei could not be locked for exclusive access Cannot create output discipline for requested compression s The requested compression method could not be created Attention Disk full Waiting for disk free space becoming available The disk space
240. e Activation Key Transfers in chapter 17 2 Keys and updates missing required base license 081Ix syscall m MPPOpen s The user expansion license did not find the proper base se rial number Verify that you have specified the proper base serial number when requesting the user expansion license from our license department 17 3 2 generic error messages Most programs issue a generic error message when any thing goes wrong for a simple system call Various error messages from system calls are logged in this form syscall is one of the common system calls fork malloc and m gives the reason why the call failed Common reasons like No more processes or Not enough core point to resource shortages such as not enough swap space or process table too small Refer to your UNIX documentation for more details The AppleTalk toolkit could not be initialized This hap pens if atalkd is not running or not a single known inter face could be activated This situation is usually preceded by messages from atalkd The message can also start with ATPLoad or OpenXPP rather than MPPOpen 460 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages PRegisterName s dev ddp m PopenSkt s s The server in question could not register its name on the network If s Duplicate name exists already this in dicates that the AppleTalk name of the specified Ether Share serv
241. e AppleTalk and TCP IP configurations ans ifstat 100 flags 134744075 lt UP BROADCAST LOOPBACK SIMPLEX NOECHO gt mtu 16896 inet 127 0 0 1 netmask 255 0 0 0 broadcast 127 255 255 255 en3 flags 134744163 UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING SIMPLEX NOECHO mtu 1500 inet 172 16 0 1 netmask 255 255 252 0 broadcast 172 16 3 255 atalk locable 20 hicable 30 net 20 node 143 en0 flags 134744163 UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING SIMPLEX NOECHO mtu 1492 atalk locable 31 hicable 40 net 31 node 142 The parameters locable 31 hicable 40 replace the for merly used range 31 40 A 6 Data backup with dump and restore A 51 Appendix A 6 Data backup with dump and dump restore Under UNIX hard disks are usually subdivided into parti tions each being allocated to a particular logical device The 2 partition usually specifies the entire disk Informa tion on disk partitioning can be displayed with a UNIX pro gram e g format under Solaris 2 x and the correspond ing logical devices can be determined by inspecting the vfstab file The df disk free program shows how much of the disk space is already allocated cat etc vfstab dev dsk cO0t0d0s0 dev rdsk c0t0d0s0 ufs 1 no dev dsk c0t0d0s3 dev rdsk c0t0d0s3 space ufs 2 yes df k Filesystem kbytes cap Mounted on dev dsk c0t0d0s0 1984230 79 dev dsk c0t0d0s3 6484885 34 space To improve data throughput dump should be ca
242. e Custom Install instead of Easy Install you can install two additional items namely the OPI Tools touch and Tagger Both programs are only meant for EtherShare OPI 2 1 users and thus are described in the EtherShare OPI documentation 4 Installation 4 6 The client installation procedure 75 LJ File Edit View Special Rbout This Computer Chooser B Select a Time Server Calculator Chooser 1 Q9 Connect To DI Control Panels amp Find File t a Helios Mail Helios Terminal Key Caps Note Pad Ei Recent Servers Scrapbook Cj Screen Snapz SsimpleSound Tagger F3 EtherShare Admin Gi Recent Applications fj Recent Documents alpha AppleShare Laser Writer 8 ans aviion hp AppleTalk Zones HELIOS a HELIOS II Active Q Inactive 764 vvv AppleTalk Fig 11 The client Apple menu and the Time Server utility In order to work properly Helios Terminal and Helios Mail both need to access the ADSP driver Helios Terminal also needs to access the Macintosh Communications Toolbox the communication tool AppleTalk ADSP Tool and the emulation tool VT320 Tool The Helios Mail program re quires the Mail Notification Program Helios Mail Init All these drivers or tools are either available with the system soft
243. e UNIX mail system Biff used to bark each time the postman delivered a conventional paper letter to the door The default for this switch is biff for all UNIX architec tures provided that it is not already in use by other pro grams no passwd When you installed EtherShare a new address book was automatically created as the empty UNIX text file addressbook in ESDIR conf You can add new ad dresses to the list with the New Address function of HELIOS Mail When you use the address book normally you will also see all users of your UNIX host including root in addition to users you have included manually with the New Address function Specify nopasswa to turn off this feature in which case the address book will only show users who have been included manually The default for this switch is passwd officialname name name is a String containing the official name UNIX mail name of your host This is the name which users of other systems need to include in their mail address when they want to reach you It is made up of a name e g the host name osiris and the domain in which the host resides e g helios de The default for name is made by concatenating the name of your host and its domain name e g osiris helios de 436 14 The Mail Server 14 3 Parameters of the mailsrv program addresses mailer autologin addresses filename filename is the name and path of a file containi
244. e a job to another queue change a jobs priority seta queue to Spool only Spool and Print restart a printer queue with Lists Printers Printer Restart Printer 422 13 The Administration Server 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program queueadm group daemonuid The groupname parameter specifies the name of the special printer administrators group The default for groupname is PrnAdm queueadmgroup groupname Members of the special queue administrators group can use the EtherShare Admin to manipulate print jobs and queue configurations from a Macintosh workstation Thus they have even more privileges than members of the printer administrators group that is described above Queue administrators are allowed to any task PrnAdm is allowed to do create change remove printer queues update fonts for queues download fonts to the EtherShare Server adjust PDF Settings adjust OPI ICC Settings adjust Edit Initialization settings specify PPDs for queues The groupname parameter specifies the name of the special queue administrators group The default for groupname is QueueAdm Note The default values SysAdm PrnAdm and QueueAdm are created automatically during installa tion daemonuid idnumber When creating printers with the EtherShare Admin the user of the printer daemon is set in etc printcap by default to ID 0 root with the
245. e create is off if you do not specify f eg do not clean resource orphans automatically clean orphans is default if you do not specify c volume can be converted to another character set g scan desktop only scan only is off if you do not specify s V verbose for diagnostics verbose is off if you do not specify v TR 2 ID check passes is active by default two passes is disabled if you specify 2 X volume is exclusively opened for rebuilder Usually you call rebuild with the f switch for exam ple rebuild f usr local es macapps If you call rebuild with the C option you can specify a new character set e g MacRoman or SJIS rebuild C macroman path of volume root If you want to convert from a new to the old EtherShare character set oldes call rebuild C oldes path of volume root In the case of CD ROM volumes or volumes such as Mag neto Optic MO cartridges which have been mounted with the EtherShare Admin as read only the desktop server 10 The Desktop Server 10 2 The Desktop Server Program 339 first checks to see if a valid Desktop file is available on the volume s root This can be the case for example for MO cartridges which were previously mounted under EtherShare as read write allowing a valid desktop to be created If a valid Desktop file cannot be found this will almost always be the case for CD ROMs the desktop
246. e first one This is normal At their discretion HELIOS distributors can provide their dealers for a reduced fee with so called dealer demon stration versions of our products which are fully working copies of our software but carry a special Activation Key which expires after a given period of time You will be in formed about the time remaining on your demonstration copy by a afpsrv message which pops up each time you log on to the File Server and then each 3 4 hours while be ing logged on to the File Server see figure 159 Lei hp 172 16 8 22 via TCP IP Vou are connecting to a demo copy of EtherShare This copy expires in 33 days Fig 159 Demonstration key warning 17 Technical support 17 2 Keys and updates 455 Activation Key Transfers Update service If you are transferring your EtherShare software from one host to another then we call this an Activation Key Trans fer When you apply for a new key you will need to state that you will no longer use EtherShare and depending EtherShare OPI PDF Handshake Print Preview or user expansion licenses on the original host fax our key reg istration department 49 5131 70 93 25 and ask for de tails of the exact wording to use and the conditions that apply Note If you do not enter any Activation Key the HELIOS product you have installed will run in a 3 hour demo mode only HELIOS releases new versions of its software product
247. e in the Groups list and select Clear from the Edit menu see figure 39 File MLS Lists Help Clear Select All en Bring to Front Preferences adm bin 33 daemon 33 develo b G3 ftp 33 general E helios G3 Ip 33 macusers 33 mail Fig 39 Deleting a group entry EtherShare Admin then prompts for acknowledgment of deletion to allow it to be aborted if required see figure 40 5 EtherShare Admin 5 7 Groups list 117 Do you really want to delete Group helios Fig 40 Confirming deletion of a group entry If deletion is confirmed the entry is removed from the win dow and the corresponding entry is deleted from the file Jetc group The file etc passwd is checked for users who were assigned that group as their primary group if any are found the ID for the primary group in the user s entry in the passwd file is changed by convention to the group ID of the group nogroup The user must then be assigned a new primary group before he she can log on again Also make sure that the group is not used for the volume Groups list of any of the volumes If yellow pages NIS is installed the information are changed in the appropriate yellow pages files instead Note that if NIS is installed on your system user and group data cannot be configured with the EtherShare Admin applica tion Important Do never delete UNIX groups like bin daemon Ip or mail This
248. e is the AppleTalk NVE name of the File Server This is the name with which it is known to the network It is the name you see in the workstation s Chooser under AppleShare The default for netname is the name of the UNIX server Important Itis not possible to run more than one EtherShare File Server on the same UNIX server zone zonename zonename is the name of the AppleTalk zone to which the file server should be allocated This parameter determines the zone in which the file server can be seen in the Chooser The chosen zone must be one of the local zones that the server is connected to You can test this with the zones I 276 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program command see chapter 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installa tion The default for zonename is i e the zone of the first in terface entry in atalk conf afpsrv will accept multiple zone and name specifica tions Itis possible to have the file server services being dis played in all local zones The following example will display the EtherShare Server FileServer in the two zones EtherTalk 1 and Ether Talk 2 but not in the TokenTalk or FDDITalk zones atalkd if et0 30 35 140 EtherTalk 1 if et1 36 40 140 EtherTalk 2 if 2 tr0 41 44 140 TokenTalk 1 if fi0 45 49 140 FDDITalk 1 afpsrv name FileServer zone EtherTalk 1 zone EtherTalk 2 The fol
249. e list No other configu ration changes are necessary An entry in the volume list has the following structure directory volname passwd flagsl flags2 volume_groups directory is the directory in the UNIX file system speci fying the full path which is the root directory of the vol ume it is usually called the volume mount point Important The mount point name must not be the UNIX directo ry name volname is the name of the volume and passwd contains an optional password If a password is specified all users at tempting to access the volume are required to enter the password before access is allowed Passwords are useful for public volumes if guest access is enabled flags1 and 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes 303 noguest unixlocks unixshare nopublish readwrite readonly flags2 are either fixed fixed media or changeable re movable media like magneto optical drives Entries in 1ags could be noguest unixlocks unixshare nopublish readwrite utf8 charset MacRoman ipaccess and readonly If you select the noguest flag the volume is invisible for guest login Specify unixlocks if you want to use UNIX record locking in addition to the standard mandatory record locking used between EtherShare clients to allow file and record locking between Macintosh applications and UNIX applications Compare to unixlocks above Specify unixshare if you wan
250. e note that under UNIX there are additional parame ters available allowdomain denydomain They are de scribed in appendix A 8 IP configuration Reference Part If someone edited the access list under UNIX and used these parameters you would get a warning on opening the list with the Admin program again because the Admin cannot display the domain entry Editing the list with the Admin will replace all settings that have been defined under UNIX 5 EtherShare Admin 188 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually We strongly recommend to use the EtherShare Admin to carry out the majority of configuration tasks required by your EtherShare installation Particularly in the case of printer setup the EtherShare Admin only accepts meaning ful parameter values and always generates syntactically correct entries in the EtherShare main configuration file atalk conf However certain seldom used parameters and switches in atalk conf can only be configured manually System administrators with UNIX experience can edit atalk conf using a UNIX editor such as vi Macintosh users can use the EtherShare Admin to load view or edit atalk conf and several other configuration files namely etc printcap ethershare license and afpvolumes Important Before opening one of the configuration files with the EtherShare Admin
251. e of the corre sponding UFS directories if it is required to create HFS volumes which are not assigned to a specific group they must also be assigned to the pseudo group nogroup In contrast to generic AppleShare file servers EtherShare always requires each user to be assigned a primary group since all files must be assigned to a specific group A pseu do group can be used in this case too although the name of the pseudo group should be different from the one used for groupless folders and volumes e g noprimary Original AppleShare file servers allow the Change pass word feature to be disabled for individual users In an EtherShare File Server the rights to change passwords can only be enabled or disabled for all users at the same time by marking the program ESDIR afppasswd as non exe cutable for categories other and group In this case 328 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 10 EtherShare versus AppleShare Search Desk top passwords can only be changed by the administrator in the User data window in the EtherShare Admin see chapter 5 EtherShare Admin afpsrv does conduct a search of file or folder names in the desktop database Although this search is much faster than searching for file folder names in the UNIX file system it may fail to find files if the desktop database does not corre spond to the files and folders on an EtherShare volume caused for example by overlapping Et
252. e password option If you have checked Save name HELIOS Mail makes a note of your name and the zone and name of the Mail Serv er you want to use Next time you start HELIOS Mail you only need to enter your password Furthermore if you log on to the EtherShare File Server on the same host first you do not have to enter your name and password for either the Mail Server or the HELIOS Mail Init anymore See the autologin parameter in chapter 14 3 Parameters of the mailsrv program for related information 210 6 HELIOS Mail 6 4 Configuring the connection Temporary users Click the 0K button when all inputs have been made HELIOS Mail then attempts to make the connection to the chosen server If your inputs were correct the Incoming mail window should appear see figure 112 in chapter 6 5 Incoming mail If other users want to temporarily use your workstation to send and receive their mail they should first close the con nection to the Mail Server by closing all HELIOS Mail win dows and log in again with Login in the File menu Guest users should uncheck Save name in the login box since otherwise the original owner of the workstation will receive new mail notifications for the temporary user rather than for him herself If guest users uncheck Save name no notifi cations will be received until the next login which is less confusing HELIOS Mail also allows you to log on to more than one Mail Server at
253. e server It ex plains how the administrator can configure users groups and volumes create folders and define access privileges The chapter also gives advice on how to archive data from the file server on mass storage 1 About the chapters of this manual Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 10 The Desktop Server describes the function and config uration of the Desktop Server which is invisible to users but is responsible for storing icon and application data and for managing file and directory ID s for network volumes 11 The Print Server lists and describes all Print Server and interface programs that belong to the EtherShare instal lation The chapter explains the papsrv and printer inter face parameters that can be set in the main configuration file atalk conf and describes how to configure printers manually 12 Text to PostScript Converter describes the conver sion of flat ASCII text files to PostScript print jobs with the help of the pstext program 13 The Administration Server describes the admsrv program on the server The chapter lists all admsrv pa rameters that are recognized in the main configuration file atalk conf and explains how the Administration Server co operates with the UNIX Yellow Pages system 14 The Mail Server describes the mailsrv program that implements mail server functions on the server and mana
254. e socket recognizes the other Mail Server and does not start Passwords The POP3 protocol allows non encrypted and encrypted passwords If you want to use encrypted passwords you have to make sure that your UNIX host is configured ac cordingly The users have to be set up with afppasswd You will get an error message from the client if the server has not been configured properly For more information please refer to chapter 9 5 Users and groups 14 The Mail Server 440 15 The Terminal Server 441 1 5 The Terminal Server 442 15 The Terminal Server 15 1 General remarks 15 1 General remarks This chapter describes the function and configuration of the Terminal Server In conjunction with the HELIOS Termi nal application the Terminal Server allows workstations in the AppleTalk network to make simultaneous terminal con nections to one or more UNIX hosts multiple sessions ca pability 15 The Terminal Server 15 2 The Terminal Server Program 443 termsrv 15 22 The Terminal Server Program The EtherShare Terminal Server system consists of the pro gram termsrv It is created automatically in the ESDIR directory during installation EtherShare is con figured to start termsrv automatically when UNIX is booted termsrv implements terminal server functions on the host and manages the communication with HELIOS Terminal Each new login request from a Macintosh workstation starts a new h
255. e starting or handling requests This output normally is an error message and indicates a serious problem of the Ipd system Allocation of d bytes failed m A memory block of d bytes could not be allocated This indicates a lack of virtual memory Cannot parse filename s The filename s could not be parsed into its key and path parts This indicates a configuration error of a preference value Cannot open file s The file s could not be opened This indicates an access problem either because the file does not exist or there are not enough privileges to open the file Cannot find spool directory for printer s s The spool directory for printer s does not exist s is an explanatory error message 17 Technical support 478 17 3 Error Messages Cannot open printer queue Oe s No information could be gathered for printer queue s This indicates a configuration error s is an explanatory error message Cannot query status for queue Ge S The status of the printer queue s could not be deter mined This indicates a configuration error s is an ex planatory error message Cannot read control file for current job s The control file of the current print job cannot be read This indicates a damaged or missing control file s is an ex planatory error message Cannot rewrite control file Gei s The modified print job s control file
256. e the file s resource information can be stored A 9 5 8 dt iddump Each Macintosh file on an EtherShare volume has an ID number that is stored in both its resource fork and the desk top database The dt iddump command outputs all file IDs of the volume in question specify volume path from the desktop database to stdout Usage dt iddump path to Macintosh volume A9 5 9 dtls For each file that is a directory the contents of the directory is listed for each file that is an ordinary file the name and resource related information are listed When no argument is given the current directory is listed Usage dt ls axotTsmldi file The following options apply a list all entries including those beginning with a dot which are normally not listed x force printing of non printable characters for type and creator which are normally shown as underscore in the hexadecimal xdd notation A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 105 force printing of non printable characters for type and creator which are normally shown as underscore _ in the octal ddd notation for each file print the Macintosh creation time for each file print the UNIX last modification time for each file print the size of the data and the resource fork print file name stored in the desktop database instead of UNIX name If any difference between these names is detected both names are shown If t
257. e time The installation of the Mail Notification Feature is described in chapter 4 6 The client installation procedure Its activation and use are described at the end of this chapter In order to use HELIOS Mail the Mail Server must already be running on the host you want to connect to EtherShare is configured to start the Mail Server automatically when UNIX is booted The Mail Server communicates with HELIOS Mail through the Apple Data Stream Protocol ADSP the protocol is transparent to other AppleTalk de vices 6 HELIOS Mail 6 1 General remarks 199 HELIOS Mail needs to access Apple s ADSP driver see chapter 4 6 The client installation procedure for details Important HELIOS Mail also uses the UNIX mail program which must be installed and working To test this make a UNIX login and try to send a mail between two UNIX users See your UNIX documentation for more details The POP3 EtherShare 2 6 includes a POP3 Server so that it is possible Server to use a client workstation other than Macintosh and or a mail application other than HELIOS Mail with the Mail Server on the UNIX host See chapter 14 4 The POP3 Server for details about this 200 6 HELIOS Mail 6 2 Starting HELIOS Mail 6 2 Starting HELIOS Mail During the installation of EtherShare the install program automatically creates a public Macintosh volume with the name EtherShare Applications This volume is used to sto
258. eDict md 68 EE 362 AppleDict md 70 EE 362 AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol See aarp A GAN p A A 70 Accented characters Character conversion tables of HELIOS Mail 204 in names user names passwords etc 269 accented characters AA 411 Access privileges REENEN 311 access privileges SS cese te dtt eet eeu ts Paved e tte axe ad 313 rwx read write execute seeeeenn e 313 X TOA executa eiie Lente ene e pne eet 313 EWE WILEY sets eere oerte tede set o AER te xa eps 313 AEP vs UNIX 3 tiene t n HERE re teris 313 changing manually eese 315 access privileges for EtherShare 326 access privileges mechanisms sseeeee 311 Activation Key Transfer iua ie dnte ie Dee ue ito p Fev Me 455 Activation key Example of an Activation Key Reply form 0 9 Regular license demo license eeseeeess 39 Activation Key or password sseeeeem n 454 Address AppleTalk NVE A 175 379 HELIOS company address sss 0 2 Hor vil prr 389 Administration Server See also admsrv Administration Server and EtherShare Admin 19 configuration coo ee dee etie enero dero celine 416 jp 93 eu NEE 417 error messages eic t ie rr ene eene er rena dienen 470 parameters OT ara a E ERE AAAS 418 Adobe Type 1 and
259. eTalk EtherShare s AppleTalk modules which form the back bone of the EtherShare system are either contained in a UNIX loadable module which is designed to be added to the operating system during runtime or in a driver which is built into the UNIX kernel during EtherShare installation Kernel modifications require a system reboot The behavior 42 4 Installation 4 3 Preparing the installation depends on the type of server DG UX e g does not support loadable modules On some architectures dynamic loading is supported whereas unloading requires a reboot 4 3 4 Preparing Macintosh workstations If a Macintosh computer is to be connected via Ethernet or FDDI it may need to have an appropriate network card in stalled Please install the network card according to the manufacturer s instructions before installing EtherShare No changes are required to the Apple system software in or der to use EtherShare However please make sure that each workstation has the option AppleShare in the Chooser This option appears automatically if the AppleShare file is present in the Extensions subfolder of the System Fold er when booting the Macintosh If necessary use the system program Installer to install the AppleShare client soft ware AppleShare is responsible for making the logical con nection to all network devices of type AFPServer It al lows users to log on to the EtherShare File Server and select f
260. eTalk differ ent logical networks are grouped into zones atalkd auto matically maintains an internal routing table to keep track of changes in the network configuration The routing table allows services and information to be routed through differ ent segments of the network if required Changes in the routing table are also passed on to the AppleTalk protocol modules to allow data packets to be routed between different network segments 8 The EtherShare System 8 4 Parameters of the atalkd program 257 interface 8 4 Parameters of the atalkd program When it starts the AppleTalk Daemon program atalkd first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to de termine its configuration The install program automati cally sets up this file with default values The values can be changed if necessary by using an editor such as vi but we strongly recommend that you do this with the network con figuration option of the install program or the netconf utility instead The parameters described below can be defined for atalkd in atalk conf note that the parameter list is pre ceded by the program name atalkd atalkd interface ifname netno snode zonename If required interface can be abbreviated here to if The parameters after the sign can optionally be surrounded by quotes ifname netno snode zonename This is obligatory if zonenane includes space characters An entr
261. eTalk in the Connection box figure 60 for printers that are connected to the network via AppleTalk i e LocalTalk EtherTalk etc The AppleTalk NVE name type and zone of the printer must now be specified First choose the printer Type You only need to change the type from the default of LaserWriter if printers of other types are available such as AppleTalk ImageWriter print ers Now choose the Zone if more than one zone is avail able pop up the Zone list and select the one you want Now click on the Name field to pop up a list of all devices of the specified type which are available in the selected zone and choose the one required The list is determined by interro gating the network for all printers Accordingly the printer you want to configure must be connected and online Important Be careful to choose a physical printer from the list and not another queue The Hide Printer option may be checked if you want to pre vent the printer from being displayed in the Chooser Thus users cannot choose this printer and cannot print directly to the output device This is sensible because printing to an output device both directly and through a spool queue may lead to long waiting periods on the Macintosh in case the 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 145 Serial connection printer is executing a large job from a queue and the job that has been sent directly is not accepted immediately O E
262. ease refer to the UNIX system documentation for more details of the mkdir chown chgrp chmod and Is commands Also refer to the dt mkdir dt chown dt chgrp dt chmod and dt Is commands in chapter A 9 5 Com mand descriptions respectively 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 7 Access privileges 317 Deleting folders Creating new volumes under UNIX We recommend that network folders are always created by using the Finder on the Macintosh in the same way as local folders since this guarantees that all of the above consider ations are handled automatically The administrator should only use UNIX system programs for this purpose in an emergency The exception is when you need to change the privileges for a single file within a folder the Macintosh s Permissions program called Sharing on System 7 x can only set privileges at the folder level compare Correla tion to UNIX access privileges in this chapter A folder can be deleted in an analogous way by using the UNIX command dt rm r provided that the user has suf ficient privileges If the folder contains further folders and or files these are also deleted IBM and Sun operating systems set or clear the setgid bit on directories to indicate whether files created in that direc tory should follow BSD semantics or System V semantics respectively The setgid bit is then automatically propa gated to ne
263. eceive an activation key for demonstration purposes that expires after a given period of time Important The old EtherShare 2 2 activation key will not activate program version 2 6 4 3 2 Preparing the UNIX host The UNIX host must be provided with a fully installed and fully configured operating system You should have the rights to boot the host yourself in case a reboot is necessary during installation You must also be able to log in as the 40 4 Installation 4 3 Preparing the installation superuser root in order to allow the installation pro gram to create subdirectories and make the required system modifications Since it may be necessary to reconfigure the operating sys tem no other users should be logged in during the installa tion Important Before starting the installation you should create a backup copy of the system disk of your host computer If you have a network without routers you can use the EtherShare Automatic configuration option for network configuration This also applies to networks with different zones and an existing AppleTalk router For more informa tion and manual EtherShare network configuration see ap pendices A 3 3 Network automatic configuration option and A 3 5 Manual network configuration The host s etc hosts file must contain the following loopback entry in addition to the host s own entry and op tional entries for other hosts 127 0 0 1 loca
264. ected printer see figure 57 Open the Printers list select the printer name from the list and choose Settings from the Printer menu item which appears automatically in the main menu bar whenever the Printers list is active 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 139 As an aid to printer configuration pop up windows let you choose from a list of valid choices compare figure 58 The window title shows the name of the Administration Server the window type Printers and the logical printer name ipmrPrinters lu E Printer Name Chooser Name ibm opi spooler Spool Directory usr localspool Iw Hold Queue hold Error Queue error a O Banner Page O Hide Queue MM Accounting File O Require Authentication Connection AppleTalk Type LaserWriter E Zone HELIOS Entwicklung Name LaserWriter Pro 638 ES Lac Fig 57 Printer data for AppleTalk printer ibm opi spooler 140 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list ibm Printers lu Printer Name w Chooser Name ibm opi spooler Spool Directory usr localspool lw O Banner Page Hold Queue hold Error Queue error O Hide Queue O Require Authentication v Rccounting File Connection AppleTalk Type PAERAU TE CTS Li Imagell
265. ectory s could not be enumerated due to UNIX system call failure Warning cannot find procset file Ge s s The required procset s version s revision s could not be found This error is ignored due to real world programs which mostly generate wrong procset references which can be ignored without messing up the print job Missing version in procset file s The procset file s does not contain a version string and therefore is ignored Cannot move font to fontlist s An error occured while moving font information between internal lists s is an explanatory error message Your print job has been interrupted A print job has been canceled by user request 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 485 Printing disabled due to a fatal error Please inspect system and printer logs A fatal error occured while initializing a printer interface program This error will be a persistent system failure and would cause the following print jobs also to fail Therefore the printer queue has been stopped until the cause of the failure has been eliminated The queue has to be restarted manually by using the EtherShare Admin Error on printing device A serious error occured on a printing device More error output follows this message PostScript error on printing device A PostScript error occured on a printing device More error output follows this message Warning Cannot set RSS l
266. ectory is usr home David which is automatically allo cated to him as a private volume The starting program is bin sh which is the standard UNIX Bourne shell in this example the user is permitted direct access to the UNIX server The empty field following the user name will later contain the encrypted user password On inserting the above line into etc passwd with an editor program the administrator should initially leave this password field empty The password is allocated with the system program bin passwd or with the Chooser on the workstation whereupon the password will be inserted in encrypted form at this position automatically To avoid a temporary securi ty risk the administrator should use the Chooser to assign an initial password to each user which the user can change afterwards by himself A typical entry for a user who only has access to public vol umes i e a user who does not need private volumes and should not be permitted direct access to the UNIX system is as follows Rita 201 18 Rita Lovely bin date Note that the field for private volumes has been left empty and that the starting program is the program bin date 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups 297 Creating groups which displays the date but does not allow UNIX server ac cess If the administrator decides to use the AFP user list ESDIR conf afppasswd it must also contain a
267. ed into a specific folder None 312 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 7 Access privileges Read amp Write Read only Write only means that any form of access to that folder is denied i e neither reading the contained files nor applying changes to them is possible See fig 151 In contrast to UNIX since under AFP the access privileges are assigned to a particular folder it is not possible to spec ify different rights for individual files in the same folder If it is necessary to be able to change a particular file but not to change another file the two files should normally be stored in separate folders If this is not possible your only choice is to use the UNIX dt chmod command to change the privileges for one file only The four types of privileges are separately defined for four categories of AFP users the owner of the folder Owner group members User Group all other users of the sys tem Everyone equivalent to Other under UNIX and the administrator This allows access privileges to be indi vidually tailored With the exception of the administrator the owner of a folder is the only one who is allowed to change the privileges of the folder 1f necessary you can set Owner to lt Any User by just leaving the field blank The folder is visible and all files can be read changed and deleted New files and folders can be created The folder is visible and all files
268. ee only one Desktop Server desksrv process See also the discussion of the process list in the description of the swho command in chapter 8 5 AppleTalk stack utility programs The EtherShare Desktop Server requires RPC remote pro cedure call to be configured on your host First make sure that the portmap UNIX or rpcbind UNIX process is running Then check all RPC registered processes with the command rpcinfo p The following shows a typical RPC list rpcinfo p program vers proto port 00000 2 tcp 114 portmapper 00000 2 udp 111 portmapper 00007 2 tcp 1027 ypbind 00007 2 udp 1027 ypbind 00007 1 tcp 1027 ypbind 00007 1 udp 1027 ypbind 00024 1 udp 892 status 00024 1 tcp 894 status 00021 1 udp 902 nlockmgr 00021 3 udp 905 nlockmgr 00021 4 udp 908 nlockmgr 00021 2 tcp 911 nlockmgr 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation 63 395572 395572 00005 00005 00005 00005 00005 00005 00003 00003 00026 50001 00017 00001 00001 00001 00002 00002 00012 00008 33554441 33554441 395572 395572 395572 905572 395572 395572 390 390 390 390 390 390 390 390 390 390 390 13 03 09 10 03 09 10 07 07 07 07 300261 300619 300619 300430 300430 602 udp 837 602 tcp 839 1 GA N2 CO N29 P WN PRPPRPRPUBWNHENNENNEFWWNND udp udp udp tcp tcp tcp udp udp udp udp tcp udp udp udp udp udp udp udp tcp udp tcp udp tcp udp tcp udp t
269. eed as follows gt Activate the Incoming mail window and choose the items to delete Use Shift click to select a range of entries and use Command click to select deselect individual entries from the list gt Then choose Clear from the Edit menu A Trash icon will appear in front of every mail you have deleted You can choose Edit Clear a second time to undo deletion if required gt At last close the Incoming mail window to have the de leted items removed Alternatively you can select Remove Deleted from the Edit menu to remove deleted items with out closing the window see figure 115 216 6 HELIOS Mail 6 5 Incoming mail File EXE Mail Addresses Windows Help Cut 36H Copy SC Paste ans Incoming henner Subjec 3 o Clear Wf 25 2 9298 Pierce Brosnan Re Jai Select RII 2 26 05 1997 David Beckham Best F Wrap WF 54 05 1997 Henner HELIO Unwrap 4 10 06 1997 Uwe Drucke 5 11 07 1997 Pawel Newslt Find 6 11 07 1997 Marc Fwd Find Next Sp 7 31 07 1997 Uwe PDFsa Preferences G3 8 31 07 1997 Uwe HELIOS Vacation Remove Deleted B Fig 115 Deleting mail items HELIOS Mail then prompts for acknowledgment of dele tion to allow it to be aborted if required see figure 116 CH Do you really want to delete the selected messages Fig 116 Confirming deletion of mails You do not have to delete items immediately if you want to deal w
270. eesseeesressrnssrrnssrnrssnneen ene 96 Select PPD Printer menu ssee 161 Selecting multiple entries from a list sssssss 103 Sending messages to users Messages menu 171 Server Log File Lists menu esee 175 Setting preferences ssssssssssseeeeeeennne 98 Settings Printer menu ssesssseeeeeenn 158 Show Fonts Printer menu sssssee 159 Spool amp Print Printer menu sssssseee 163 Spool only Printer menu sssseeen 163 Starting the Admin i c eet et ee eret 92 System Messages Lists menu ssssssss 176 Update Fonts Printer menu seeeneee 158 User data EIC m M 106 Home directory 106 Pumar ele WEE 106 Start program EE 106 User name Password Full Name 105 Users Lists menu REENEN 104 Versions Lists menu ENEE 178 EtherShare Admin contin Volume data IIe uoto rt pe ei e ORE RR Een 120 Exchangeable soteer rap eene 121 Income UD 122 PassWord tactics al ae tina tle alate tte 120 Le Bel 121 Removable medium eese 119 Volume Groups list sssee 126 Volume menu i eicere EE 129 Volumes Lists menu eeseeeeen 118 Window POSITIONS 1 te t or rettet eet tem pee ern 99 EtherShare Applications Vol
271. ellow Pages system There is no default for file 420 13 The Administration Server 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program savepasswd fontdir unprotected no savepasswd As a time saving feature when logging on the AppleShare selection in the Chooser on the Macintosh lets you save your File Server user name and or user password on the Macintosh s local hard disk To improve security specify the nosavepasswd switch to disable the saving of user passwords in this way in which case all users have to enter their password manually each time they log on to the EtherShare Admin Note you can still change your File Server password in the Chooser in the normal way with Change Password The default if this switch is omitted is savepasswd Note The no savepasswad setting only works for Mac OS Version 7 0 and above fontdir file file isthe path of the host directory which contains the server font list FontDirectory The fonts themselves are contained in sub directories of file arranged alphabeti cally The default for file is SESDIR psfonts fontdir is also available as a global printer parameter You should make sure that you do not specify different font di rectories for the Administration Server and the Print Server un protected This switch if set to protected can be specified to protect lock all configuration data Then merely maintaining spool queues is possible The default fo
272. em If your host uses the System V printing system e g Sun So laris 2 x the Print Server automatically uses its own BSD style lpr program which is provided in the ESDIR di rectory in such cases mail Under UNIX the mail program is responsible for passing electronic mail messages between users or groups of users Messages sent by the mail program to a particular user are stored on the host in the user s mailbox Either immedi ately or at a later point in time the user can call up mail to read the post mail is also used by the EtherShare Print Server to pass printer status and error messages to the ap propriate user Electronic mail is automatically sent directly to your Mac intosh if you have installed our HELIOS Mail program You no longer need to use the UNIX mail program to read it Incoming mail is received in the background with a Mail Notification Feature which displays a dialog box in cluding Subject and the New mail from line when you receive new mail 22 3 Introduction 3 3 EtherShare and UNIX programs and files etc passwd etc group passwd program etc rc local or etc inittab mkdir and rmdir Any user in the AppleTalk network who requires access to the EtherShare File Server must be entered as a UNIX user in the etc passwd file The user must also be assigned a group in the etc group file Note that the administrator can specify wheth
273. em 7 Each Desktop file contains file and directory IDs for all the files and directories in the volume The file ID is also stored in each file s resource file the directory ID is also stored in each directory s resource file The file and directory IDs are allocated when the file or di rectory is first created and never change even if the file is renamed or moved to another location The IDs are normal ly invisible to the user After a period of time each volume desktop file tends to collect a number of icons which are no longer needed since the corresponding application has been deleted from the volume For this reason you may rebuild your desktop from time to time i e start a process which scans the entire volume for applications and makes sure that the desktop only contains icons for existing ones You can rebuild your desktop for local Macintosh volumes built in hard disk by restarting your Macintosh while holding down the Option and Command keys To rebuild the desktop of an EtherShare volume you must make sure that the volume is not mounted e g with the Active Us ers option in 5 13 2 Active Users list and sending mes sages with the EtherShare Admin and then start the EtherShare Admin application on one of your Macintosh clients select the volume in the volume list and choose Re build Desktop from the Dolume menu see Rebuild Desk top in chapter 5 9 Volume menu 334 10 The Desktop Server 10 2
274. en it starts the Desktop Server program desksrv first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to deter mine its configuration The install program automatically sets up this file with initial values for some of the Ether Share servers The values can be changed if necessary by using an editor such as vi See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually The parameter described below can be defined for desksrv in atalk conf note that the parameter list is preceded by the program name desksrv maxdesktop number number is the maximum number of network volumes that can be opened by Macintosh users on the File Server simul taneously The default for number is 128 volumes Each open volume is only counted once even if it has been opened by more than one user The absolute maximum value is 450 but the achievable maximum may be limited by the maximum number of open files for the desksrv process allowed by the host This limit is normally set by desksrv for itself automatically In case of problems refer to limit and ulimit in your UNIX documentation for details about how to increase the limit manually for your host 10 4 1 desksrv error and status messages Although there is a large number of possible messages from desksrv we will only describe a few of the more common messages here because the majority of them are non fatal 10 The Desktop S
275. end that you do this with the EtherShare Admin instead See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manual an ly The parameters described below can be defined for papif in atalk conf The parameter list is preceded by the logi cal printer name such as Laser1 which is assigned to papif by linking 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 379 entity localwinsize remotewinsize entity nvename nvename is the NVE name type zone of the printer with which it is known to the AppleTalk network NVE Net work Visible Entity This name is not the same as the AppleTalk name of the printer queue Note that if print jobs are sent from workstations directly to the printer they by pass the printer queue and thus do not gain the advantages of spooling prep file management etc The NVE address has the following structure entity name type zone name is the NVE name of the printer and type is the NVE type zone is the AppleTalk zone in which the printer re sides If both the UNIX host and the AppleTalk printer are in the same zone the zone field can be specified as localwinsize maxlpackets maxlpackets specifies the maximum number of data pack ets that are passed from papif to the printer through the network during a transaction The number of packets may need to be limited if the buffer size in the printer is too small
276. ensivity in or der to complete the connection to the selected host 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 4 Configuring the connection 245 To avoid having to make the above entries for zone host name etc each time you make a connection you can save the connection settings as a connection document by choosing the option Save fis in the File menu Choose an easy to remember file name for the document e g the name of the UNIX host with which you have made the con nection and save the document in the folder containing the HELIOS Terminal application The next time you start HELIOS Terminal you can make the same host connection again by choosing the previously saved connection docu ment in the Documents submenu of the Windows menu This saves time particularly if you want to connect to sev eral different hosts Alternatively if you double click on a particular connection document with the Finder HELIOS Terminal and the selected connection will be started windows Keys Documents Stack Windows osiris Fig 141 Windows menu If you have opened several sessions and you are not sure which is which use the Windows menu to see a list of all open windows and to bring one of them to the foreground The current foreground window is marked with a Y com pare figure 141 If you open more than one session on the same host the window names will be numbered automati cally e g isis 1 isis 2 etc The option Stack Windows neatly re
277. entry separated by the character for example Laser3 lw ps PostScript Note that all logical UNIX printer names must be unique on each host the names must not include spaces 11 6 5 Shared Memory software RIPs PostScript software RIPs running on the same host as EtherShare can communicate with the Print Server through a Shared Memory interface The RIP must be compatible with the EtherShare Shared Memory interface specifica tion and be installed by authorized personnel RIP vendor technical staff contact your RIP manufacturer or HELIOS supplier if you are not sure about this The RIP must be configured and running before you create the printer queue with the EtherShare Admin 394 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually key The interface program for the Shared Memory interface is the shmif program see 11 3 The Print Server Pro grams shmif is called by the UNIX system program Ipd and extracts additional configuration information from the etc printcap file by using the logical UNIX printer name received from lpr as the key When it starts each shmif process first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its configura tion Printers can be set up if necessary by using an editor such as vi but we strongly recommend that you do this with the EtherShare Admin instead See also chapter 5 14 Edit ing atalk conf a
278. er Remote LPR see later 356 11 The Print Server 11 3 The Print Server Programs diskif holdif balanceif Print jobs received by the Print Server from a workstation on the network are processed and queued before being sent to the printer through TCP IP tcpif forms the link between lpr and TCP IP printers diskif is the interface program for printing files to disk This can be useful e g if you want to automatically gener ate PDF files In this case you can print to files in a specific UNIX directory and induce the Acrobat Distiller software to scan this directory regularly and convert incoming files to PDF diskif forms the link between lpr and the disk where print jobs are directed to holdif is the interface program if you want to store print jobs which have been processed on a hold queue holdif can be configured e g to forward faulty print jobs to a spe cific hold queue error queue and resolved print jobs to another hold queue In the Settings window of the EtherShare Admin see Hold Queue connection in 5 10 Printers list Hold Time i e the time a print job is stored on the hold queue or error queue respectively can be specified holdif forms the link between lpr and hold error queues balanceif is the interface program for printer queues which are mutually connected in order to balance print job loads For more informati
279. er is determined by your system ad ministrator The mail client has to be configured as well You have to enter the name of the server on which Ether Share is running as POP3 Server Note that some programs call the POP3 Server Email account POP account or Mail Server For internal communication EtherShare uses certain TCP sockets which have to be available otherwise certain Ether Share services will not be available and an appropriate error message will be issued For the EtherShare Mail Server which is providing POP3 POPPASSD and PCMAIL services the mailsrv process has to be able to connect to specific sockets to allow POP clients to communicate properly In the following there is a list of the sockets used on the server Service Socket poppassd 106 tcp pop3 110 tcp pcmail 2001 tcp You can verify available used sockets by checking the con tents of etc services and the output of netstat a n 14 The Mail Server 439 Verifying In order to check whether the HELIOS POP3 Server is run whether the ning you can enter the following command under UNIX HELIOS POP3 Server 1S telnet localhost 110 running The server will issue the following response OK HELIOS POP3 Mail Server lt gt ready Type quit If you receive a response other than that shown above this indicates that another Mail Server had already been running before HELIOS Mail was started In that case HELIOS Mail cannot use th
280. er 5 8 Volumes list the Invisible option e and the Unicode UTF8 option with the Charset pull down menu We have implemented two new items in the Admin s Printer menu They allow to choose the desired PPD file for each printer queue and to display the contents of the PPD file that is currently selected You can define hold and or error queues with the new Ad min and automatically direct print jobs into one of these queues after they have been processed The jobs are stored in the hold or error queue for a given period of time and can easily be restarted without the need to open the original ap plication again With EtherShare 2 6 you can set up a group of printers for load balancing that is for shifting print jobs to a second or third printer in a group whenever the other printers are busy with a huge job With the new Print To Disk connection you can induce the print server to print to a file There are now two different printer administration groups namely PrnAdm and QueueAdm One group is only allowed to manipulate print jobs the other one the QueueAdm group is allowed to change the configuration of printer queues 32 3 Introduction 3 6 New features of program version 2 6 Enhanced log files Extended information about versions and configuration New features for HELIOS Mail The organization of log files has changed They are now ar ranged by date and deleted automatically after seven
281. er an AppleTalk user is permitted direct access to the UNIX host or not in addition to EtherShare access The EtherShare Admin updates these files automat ically whenever you change users or groups The UNIX passwd program is used to assign passwords to users The administrator can allocate new passwords which are then automatically stored in the etc passwd file following encryption The EtherShare Admin updates this file automatically whenever you change user pass words This file contains the commands that are automatically ex ecuted when starting booting the UNIX system rc run commands The EtherShare installation program optional ly inserts commands in this file to automatically start all of the EtherShare servers when UNIX is booted The UNIX program mkdir can be used to create new sub directories in the UNIX file system mkdir can also be used by the administrator to create new folders for the Mac intosh Please refer however to the notes contained in chapter 9 3 Directory and file formats Folders are best created or deleted by using the Finder from a Macintosh workstation rmdir remove directory can be used to re move directories folders when they are no longer needed 3 Introduction 3 3 EtherShare and UNIX programs and files 23 chmod The UNIX system program chmod change mode can be used to change user privileges for files and directories in the UNIX file system You
282. er is already in use EtherShare servers by default use the UNIX host name but you can stop EtherShare on the server in question and rename it using the name pa rameter in atalk conf 17 3 3 atalkd error messages atalkd is the first program started by start atalk and is responsible for configuring the network interfaces Thus most of the error messages are concerned with network er rors All error messages are prefixed with atalkd This is left out in the following for brevity atalkd can also issue any of the error messages listed above under 17 3 1 li cense error messages and 17 3 2 generic error mes sages Some error messages depend on the class of operating sys tem OS atalkd divides the variations in two classes streams based OS e g Solaris 2 x and socket based OS SGI RS 6000 atalkd could not open the DDP streams multiplexor This will happen if the kernel modules are not installed streams based OS only An error occurred while opening an AppleTalk socket The first s is the socket rtmp nbp and the second s 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 461 is the error cause The most likely reason is that an attempt was made to start a second atalkd process while one is al ready running addif garbled interface 96s atalkd could not understand the syntax of the if s en try in atalk conf Use netcon
283. er pages if in the EtherShare Admin s Settings menu Banner Page is ticked to the total amount of pages The default for this switch is chargebanner 374 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually bannerfirst bannerlast clientmessag es nospoolspool ignoreresolve opts The bannerfirst parameter causes the printer to output a banner page before the print job bannerlast determines that the banner page is ouput after the print job has been terminated on the printer The default setting is banner irst no clientmessages The clientmessages switch determines whether printer status messages are reported to the AFP client or PCShare client respectively These messages pop up as display messages and report e g paper jams misfed paper and oth er printer related errors The default for this switch is clientmessages no spoolspool This switch determines whether a spooled print job is marked with the information that it has already been spooled If it is set to spool spool a spooled print job is not recognized as already spooled thus setting this switch to spoolspool is only sensible at the first spooler in line of a chained EtherShare queue The default for this switch is nospoolspool The parameter ignoreresolveopts when set makes a sec ond EtherShare spooler ignore all remarks on resolved ref erences from a prior spooling process If you merely want a spooler to ign
284. eration for relat ed information You should use the resolve switch to prepare print job files for printing offline or with a printer or typesetter whose hardware interface is not supported by EtherShare but you must not use resolve in conjunction with the standard EtherShare interface programs because all references will be included twice and the job will fail 368 11 The Print Server 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program filter filtercmd The resolve switch must be specified in each papsrv en try for which job resolving is desired Be aware that if the job then gets printed on a different host and or printer it will not contain all required fonts if it has been resolved with an inappropriate FONTS file The default for this switch is noresolve i e interrogate the printer for required fonts and dictionaries on a job by job basis and include OPI images on the fly This parameter cannot be specified with the EtherShare Ad min you need to edit atalk conf manually filter path path specifies the path including file name of a custom filter program which is called in a pipe with the standard input connected to the print job and the standard output connected to lpr The job will already be resolved if the resolve SWitch is specified Argv 0 is the printer name in this case There is no default for path filter may be used in conjunction with the standard Ether Share interface programs
285. erface has been allocated the network number range 30 35 Compared to an outdated Phase I network the maximum number of AppleTalk devices allowed on the network here increases from 254 to 35 3041 254 You must not use the same network number range for more than one hardware interface see example above The network configuration option of the install program automatically sets up parameter values for atalkd in the main configuration file atalk conf Note that if you see an atalkd entry like nifz 1le2 20 20 128 20one2 instead of if this indicates that the configuration has been edited by means of the netconf program and that the interface stat ed here has been set to inactive 8 The EtherShare System 8 5 AppleTalk stack utility programs 259 start atalk servers file stop atalk 8 5 AppleTalk stack utility programs The following programs are created automatically in the ESDIR directory during EtherShare installation start atalk is a shell script that contains all the necessary commands to start the entire EtherShare system atalkd and all EtherShare servers Specifically it starts all servers listed in the file 5ESDIR conf servers During installa tion start atalk is included in the UNIX file etc rc local or etc inittab in order to automatically start all Ether Share servers Desktop File Print Mail Admin Terminal and Time as soon as UNIX is booted T
286. erface program with a new name for each additional print er By convention a copy of the appropriate interface program papif tcpif or shmif is renamed to the name of the logical UNIX printer even if only one printer is being 358 11 The Print Server 11 3 The Print Server Programs driven by the interface atalk conf then contains a sepa rate entry for each printer e g Laser and Laser2 but no longer contains an entry for the interface program itself The new names for the interface programs are assigned with the UNIX In program during printer configuration in order to avoid having to make several physical copies of the program on the hard disk 11 The Print Server 11 4 The Print Server in operation 359 Font including 11 4 The Print Server in operation Each print job consists of the print data itself and one or more so called prep files PostScript print procedures and dictionaries also called control files or inits which pre cede the print data It may also be necessary to send down load fonts and a banner page to the printer The originator of the print job the application s printer driver in the workstation communicates automatically with the Print Server via the PAP protocol to agree which prep files must be sent to the printer before printing can start After being sent by the workstation for the first time prep files are copied automatically by the Print
287. ermitted This warning message appears if you intend to copy a file from one Macintosh volume to another and the volumes character sets do not match A 116 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 7 Additional information A9 7 Additional information A 9 7 1 General remarks The information in this section are mainly meant for system administrators who want to integrate the dt utilities into custom solutions e g backup scripts You do not need these information for the simple use of the dt utilities it does not hurt however to read on A 9 7 2 Macintosh files under UNIX As described in this EtherShare manual each volume used in EtherShare is accompanied by a corresponding desktop database which holds additional information about each file or directory stored on this volume Each file or directory in a Macintosh volume consists of two parts the data fork and the resource fork Though invisible to the Macintosh user both parts of a file and the corresponding information in the desktop database are handled transparently and automatically by EtherShare If you also use EtherShare OPI 2 1 and or PCShare 2 5 or higher these HELIOS products will also coordinate access to shared files folders with EtherShare s volume desktop databases see chapter 9 The EtherShare File Server When you look at a volume from the UNIX point of view you will find two files the data fork as the normal UNIX file
288. erver 10 4 Parameters of the desksrv program 343 and simply result in an automatic desktop rebuild Fatal er rors result in desksrv stopping in which case you will see the message desksrv stopped All messages are written to the system messages file which can be accessed via the Lists menu of the EtherShare Admin and are preceded by the host name time and date and the string desksrv If the Desktop Server triggers a desktop rebuild or if you call the rebuild program manually from a UNIX shell the message will include the string rebuild instead corrupt at open The desktop file is corrupted and will be rebuilt automati cally unknown file type on open maybe wrong byte order The Desktop file is not a valid desktop e g the desktop file is in Intel byte order and should be in Motorola byte or der or vice versa it will be rebuilt automatically read failed or write failed These messages are usually related to volumes mounted over NFS and point to NFS communications errors creation error too many open files on volume desksrv has attempted to open more files than the maxi mum number allowed by your host The limit is normally set by desksrv for itself automatically Refer to limit and ulimit in your UNIX documentation for details about how to increase the limit manually for your host 344 10 The Desktop Server 10 4 Parameters of the desksrv pro
289. es directories and their related resource parts you must own the directory in ques tion In case the resource directory does not match the en closing directory s permissions dt chmod cannot adjust the rsrc directory s permissions Y ou have to log in as root in order to synchronize permissions of the two direc tories Please refer to the UNIX documentation for a full de scription dt chmod 444 file sets only read permission 0444 to file dt chmod a rwx gt s file sets read r write w and execution x permission for all a users and adds group set ID mode s for groups permissions A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 111 A9 5 14 dt chown The chown command sets the user ID of the passed file to the new user ID specified by owner and optionally the group ID to the new group Usage dt chown fhRn owner group file The following options are supported Ed h do not report errors if the file is a symbolic link change the owner of the symbolic link not the owner of the file that is referenced by the symbolic link This option is not supported on all platforms recursively descend through the directory when setting the ownership for each file change directory only not the files within the directory The default behavior of the dt chown command is as follows If a pure UNIX directory is changed the changes are appl
290. es now which is conve nient and thus recommended the update installer will start and perform the installation automatically Else you can start the update installer manually at a later date and install the updates you want to use After update installation the script will call the product specific installation program for EtherShare Calling product installation script usr local es install EtherShare Installation Menu The machine ID of this computer is 00205420 63 Install programs and configuration files Install and configure AppleTalk kernel modules Enter activation key to license HELIOS programs Create a demo user Configure AppleTalk network numbers Display README file Quit YHOU QN HS Your choice 1 1 Fig 2 The EtherShare Installation Menu 50 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure The Ether Share installation menu The product specific installation menu is shown in figure 2 Items 1 to 5 of this menu deal with the installation and Display README file should be selected if you want to check the latest information which has not done it into the manual yet Important Items 1 3 must always be executed even if you are upgrading from an earlier version Select Install programs and configuration files from the EtherShare Installation Menu The install program automatically creates a suitable shell script to start the EtherShare server programs The scr
291. es the steps that are to be taken on an IBM RS 6000 computer un der AIX 4 Slight deviations may occur depending on your system type and configuration To start the installation log in as root on your host For upgraders only Please follow the instructions given in chapter 4 3 6 Preparing upgrade installations before proceeding Then place the CD ROM in the CD drive of your UNIX computer and enter the mount and install commands which may be different for different UNIX systems The correct 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure 47 commands for your specific computer are stated in the booklet we enclose to our CD ROM Example for an IBM RS 6000 computer under AIX 4 mount r v cdrfs dev cd0 cdrom cd cdrom sh install sh As soon as you have entered the last command the Net working Products Installer CD ROM menu will appear see figure 1 Networking Products Installer CD ROM The machine ID of this computer is 00205420 63 EtherShare PCShare EtherShare OPI PDF Handshake Print Preview Install Updates Display readme txt Quit 00 1 OY O1 4S AH Your choice 1 Fig 1 The Networking Products Installer CD ROM menu gt Select EtherShare by entering the number of the respective menu item here 1 and press ENTER gt Read the information about update installations that is dis played now and type y for yes to continue 48 4 Installation
292. ess privileges for user dave Extreme care should be taken when changing access privi leges of AFP files from the UNIX server directly e g never forget the resource part or in order to avoid such prob lems use the UNIX dt program Incompatible combina tions of privileges could lead to EtherShare access prob lems For example it may not be possible to read from or write to a file anymore or it may no longer be possible to use a folder As discussed earlier a folder in a volume is represented as a directory in the UNIX file system which is also associat ed with a normally invisible resource directory The EtherShare File Server uses the resource directory to store 316 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 7 Access privileges the Macintosh s resource fork and the Finder info for the files If itis required to create a folder directly from UNIX use the dt mkdir program so both the main and the resource di rectory will be created The dt chown and dt chgrp commands are used to set the owner and group of the folder Use the dt chmod command to set the appropriate access privileges Figure 154 shows how this could be done figure 155 shows the resulting directory entries dt mkdir FolderName Fig 154 Creating a folder from UNIX S ls ld FolderName FolderName rsrc drwxrws 3 market a marketing 1024 contracts Fig 155 Resulting directory entries UNIX program Is Pl
293. esterday to 6 seven days ago has the following format Status svrName ws address pe status usrname startTime duration usrTime sysTime rusage where status normal login svrName string server name A 7 Technical notes A 7 1 EtherShare log files A 59 ws address string workstation network address TCP IP or AppleTalk pe status decimal UNIX process exit status 0 OK 1 127 error exit i e the program has been terminated 128 abnormal termination ask your system administra tor usrname string user login name startTime decimal login time seconds since 1 1 1970 UNIX time t values duration seconds endTime startTime usrTime decimal processor time consumed by user pro cess sysTime decimal processor time consumed by the pro cess while in system mode rusage decimal array resource usage information The structure is operating system dependent see the descrip tion of getrusage in your UNIX documentation Some of the resource usage fields are decoded and used by the EtherShare Admin in the Server log file window Each entry in the server log file SESDIR server acct has the following format for an unsuccessful login Status svrName ws address pid name time where status 2 bad login A 60 A 7 Technical notes A 7 1 EtherShare log files svrName string server name ws address string workstation network address
294. et bete eite er 95 LOOQQINQUON EPI 194 Mounting a volume esie iene EE emen 133 Multiple EtherShare hosts ssssennee 190 Multiple lists est rot eerte tci ep ep eee bct 190 Opening printer job windows 164 Password sec rlty EE 96 Preferences Background windows active eessssssss 99 Language EE 100 Log on automatically renere iiei 99 Minimum Group ID 100 EtherShare Admin Preferences contin Minimum User IDe asirna raa 100 Primary group User ienn rets EET RRR EEE ik 100 Saving preferences sss 101 Spooldirectory re cet rode i ede 100 Starting program User ssssee 100 User defaults d tere e eren 100 User home directory 100 Printer data Print To Disk Connection essssesess 151 Accounting Flo eiie pee tren reto et ev peeing 143 AppleTalk Connection eese 144 Balance Group Connection sss 152 Banner Page sp RR EE uA 143 Baud rate Serial connection sussssss 147 Chooser Name sse 141 Compression Print To Disk connection 152 CTRL D TCP connection ssssseeesesseeessrerssrrsrresrne 148 Hide Printer AppleTalk connection 144 Hide Queue sessi 143 Hold Queue Connection sssseseess
295. eto Optic MO cartridges volumes 338 mail atalk conf ege dE dE eene a deed 373 mail UNIX General explanation sessssssssssseeeenne 21 Mail Notification Feature ue UEL EE 75 Mail program on Macintosh See HELIOS Mail Mail Server See also mailsrv CONTIQUIATION BEE 430 Mail Server and HELIOS Mail sss 18 rriallerpgtm st e e e eve RO DR eas 436 Malis antea nci ate Ria 431 error qmessages EE 470 ee 432 Manual Logical units in this manual eee 8 mati ul 404 ESC character aviv aii ce ag es t ae 409 maxclients admsrV TEE 419 maxdesktop atalk conf sse 342 maxuid atalk conf esinaine ira a EE nennen 284 Mime base64 encoding ssseeee em 224 minpwlen atalk conf serres nE me 283 miriuid alak Coni EE 283 mKafppasswd EE 293 321 mkdir UNIX General explanation sess 22 Modules of EtherShare List of functional modules sene 14 Multiple EtherShare hosts sse nnns 275 HR INTE TEE 238 ulflld ele TTC 381 N name official name UNIX mail name eee 435 netconf configuration tool enne A 18 enhanced version 30 manual network connection sssseeeeen 4 manual network connection configuration 4 a inr Tc 444 nemame admsrv ie i ec Eee eerte bdo e ru 418 netname afpsrv
296. ets you specify an individual Hold Time The default value is 3 hours If you set the hold time to 0 days 5 EtherShare Admin 154 5 10 Printers list and 0 hours this would mean on hold forever Print jobs in such a hold or error queue will be stored until you move them to another queue or delete them manually Important Note that you may enter non negative integer values only Floating point or negative integer values may lead the Print Server to unexpected behavior O 5 ibm rinters hold H Chooser Name hold queue Spool Directory var spool hold a Hold Queue None H Error Queue None gt Banner Page d Hide Queue v Accounting File O Require Authentication Connection Hold Queue Hold Time Days s Hours Fig 67 Data for a hold queue on host ibm Print Preview Print Preview in the Connection pop up menu will only connection be active if you have purchased and installed the HELIOS Print Preview product This connection type is described in your Print Preview manual 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 155 gt Click Save to finally install a new printer queue Important Once you click on Save the Admin prompts to select a PPD file for the new printer queue A Macintosh dialog window is opened automatically for that purpose You can cancel the process and select the PPD file later using the Select PPD item from the Printer menu You will get a war
297. etween such printers and AppleTalk networks is implemented in the Print Server which allows such printers to be accessed from any work station as if they were directly connected to AppleTalk However you may get problems with applications that send images as binary bitmap data since serially connected Post Script printers interpret certain binary codes as control sig nals Accordingly we recommend AppleTalk which is transparent to 8 bit data see chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually Additionally it is much faster than a serial connection which is an important factor for images All printers including those that support AppleTalk should be driven through the Print Server in order to take advantage of EtherShare s print job spooling feature please select the corresponding printer queue from the Chooser and NOT the printer to which the queue is con nected This is especially important if you need to use dif ferent LaserWriter driver versions at the same time since the Print Server will manage different prep file versions automatically without having to reset the printer each time In addition to printing to the assigned printer and providing spooling functions the Print Server automatically inter prets messages returned by the printer and forwards them to the appropriate user via electronic mail and afpmsg Apart from convenience this feature allows rapid reaction to situations such as paper out or
298. etwork numbers and network number ranges must be unique and must not overlap each other or those of other external routers to which you do not want to establish a connection A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration A 33 O Ifyou have two internal Ethernet interfaces and want to route between Phase II and a rather old Phase I con nection the network number start must be equal to the network number End e g 30 30 This may require reconfiguring external Phase II routers if you have any accordingly Note Phase connections are no longer supported by EtherShare Proceed to the Zones list in the dialog and press RETURN to open a second dialog that lets you specify the name of the default zone for the current interface see figure A 17 You can use the New Zone dialog again to define additional zones for the interface later Name Start End c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 le 10 Heu Zone g Zone of Je Default zone Enter zone or press to select from list Fig A 17 Entering an individual zone name When entering names please keep the following in mind O Zone names may have up to 31 characters A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 34 A 3 5 Manual network configuration O After entering the default zone name you can enter ad dition
299. f in ESDIR for net work configurations instead addif 96s m The interface s could not be opened due to m You will get this error e g if you specify a non existent interface in the if parameter in atalk conf streams based OS only addif DL ATTACH REQ s to d cannot attach With a streams based OS you will get this error if you specify an interface unit number which is not supported by the underlying network driver e g le2 if you have only le0 and le1 addif DL_BIND_REQ s cannot bind to sap 0x x With a streams based OS this can happen if the specified service access point is already in use For example this could happen if you start atalkd twice or if you have an other product installed that already uses AppleTalk ignoring interface s no seed router found The interface s was supposed to be configured auto matically but no external seed router was found to supply network numbers and zone names For example more than 17 Technical support 462 17 3 Error Messages one interface card is installed on your server and none of the network segments has an active seed router network range conflict on s d d ignoring interface The interface s was configured with a network number range that conflicts with other network interfaces Use the autoconf option in netconf in ESDIR to let atalkd automatically configure the in
300. ff from the Administration Server 5 16 Logging off from the Administration Server In order to log off from an Administration Server choose Logout from the File menu If more than one Administra tion Server is active a dialog box will appear allowing you to choose the one you want to log off from see figure 100 Active Servers Sgi HELIOS ans HELIOS Il ibm amp HELIOS II Fig 100 Logging off from an Administration Server Select the server you want to log off from Click Logout to confirm your selection EtherShare Admin then closes the connection to the Ad ministration Server of the selected host and closes all asso ciated windows on the screen Choosing Quit from the File menu will terminate the Admin program and will at the same time close all connections 5 EtherShare Admin 5 17 Retrieving information about your EtherShare copy 195 5 17 Retrieving information about your EtherShare copy In some situations e g if you contact your dealer for ad ministrative or support matters you may need information about your EtherShare copy such as serial number ma chine ID or activation key There are different ways of re trieving these information You can display the complete machine ID for example by using the HELIOS product installer which is described in chapter 4 Installation Or you may Option click in the Logout window of the EtherShare Admin after havi
301. file The location of this file is specified in Jetc syslog conf and depends on the UNIX system It is e g var adm messages for Solaris 2 and DG UX 178 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files The system message file can grow quite large It cannot be cleared using the EtherShare Admin the UNIX operating system usually is responsible for keeping it at a manageable size See the description of the cron program in your UNIX documentation for details 5 13 6 Versions HELIOS continuously improves all its software products and improved versions are released now and then The stan dard EtherShare package offers a wide range of facilities and includes a number of separate Macintosh and UNIX program modules and utilities If you ever need to contact our support department they will want to know the soft ware versions installed on your host see chapter 17 1 Sup port options With Uersions from the Lists menu you can list the ver sions of all major EtherShare server modules and Macin tosh programs see figure 88 File Edit EGO Users Groups Uolumes Openimage Resources stdfonts robj dl Printers Openimage Resources bertfonts robj 148 Fonts admsrv 2 5 000120 Active Users afppasswd 2 5 000117 Printer Log File afpsrv 2 5 000117 ibm Versions Server Log File atalkd 2 5 0 System Messages atechoping 2 5 0 Versions balanceif 2 5 0u0121 Extension Map
302. fo command The modunload command can be used to unload the drivers but only if they are unused On IBM RS 6000 systems only one driver is loaded by the start atalk script ESDIR kernel atalk This driver is dependent upon the AIX version The installation proce dure makes a link from the corresponding and appropriate file to usr lib drivers In addition entries are added to the ODM database to allow the loading of the driver through the mkdev command The logical name for the kernel module is atalk0 Use the following command to load the module mkdev t atalk A 7 Technical notes A 7 7 AppleTalk kernel configuration A 71 SGI IRIX HP UX 11 The Isdev command can be used to see if the kernel mod ule is loaded lsdev C 1 atalkO Note Under AIX the unloading of network protocols is not supported On SGI IRIX systems the loadable drivers reside in usr local es kernel and are automatically loaded by start atalk with the m command A list of all loaded driv ers can be displayed using m1 list With m1 unla and the corresponding ID number which can be obtained from the drivers list the module can be unloaded again The drivers aarp and ddp are copied into the system di rectory of a HP UX 11 operating system by the kminstall command To automatically load the modules in the kernel use kmupdate To delete the drivers again use the following comman
303. following groups O O O O O O O O O O O O O O executable file EXEC UNIX executable script file TEXT UXSC object file OBJ UNIX archive file AR UNIX cpio archive file CPIO UNIX Lempel Zev compressed file COMP UNIX Huffman packed file PACK UNIX SUN raster image file RAS UNIX PostScript file including EPS TEXT UXPS mailbox file TEXT UXMB TIFF file TIFF UNIX Gnu Zip file Gzip UNIX PDF file PDF CARO TEXT CARO EPSF file EPSF UNIX 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats 271 If the UNIX file does not correspond to any of these types a differentiation is solely made between either text or bina ry data files A binary data file is defined as a file where at least 3096 of the characters are not contained in the 7 Bit ASCII code All other files including empty files are clas sified as type TEXT Accordingly the following two file types should be added to the above list O text file TEXT UNIX O binary data file DATA UNIX If the user does not have sufficient access privileges to read a particular file the file is classified as type NOPE O no permission NOPE UNIX If a file cannot be read by a particular user because a phys ical read error has occurred the file is classified as type un readable O unreadable file 22 UNIX After determining the type each UNIX file is assigned one of about 20 different icons by EtherShare see figure 149 T
304. for aictair is ESDIR dicts If you change the default you must copy HeliosDict and optionally the other dictionaries too to the new directory lpr path path specifies the path including the file name of an alter native lpr program to the one normally used by papsrv If your server uses the BSD printing system papsrv uses the standard lpr program provided by the server e g bin Ipr If your host uses the System V printing system e g Sun Solaris 2 x papsrv automatically uses its own BSD style lpr program which is provided in the SESDIR directory in such cases The lpr parameter can be used to specify another lpr program which is different from the one normally selected by papsrv You should use this parameter if you have de veloped your own custom lpr program You can also use this option to specify a shell script The default for path depends on the server type and is usu ally bin Ipr or usr local es lpr This parameter cannot be specified with the EtherShare Ad min you need to edit atalk conf manually no resolve This following paragraph resolve parameter is main tained for historic reasons since with EtherShare 2 6 the printer interface program diskif is the easier way to han dle Print To Disk files The resolve switch causes papsrv to resolve all print jobs for the specified printer queue before they
305. for the current job s printer queue could not be queried s is an explanatory error message Cannot copy job to hold queue s The current print job could not be copied to the hold queue after job completion Oe is an explanatory error message Cannot restart hold queue s The hold queue could not be restarted after a job had been copied s is an explanatory error message Cannot query error queue status s The status of the error queue for the current job s printer queue could not be queried s is an explanatory error message Warning Cannot query queue status s The status of printer the queue for the current job could not be queried s is an explanatory error message Cannot disable queue after fatal error s The status of the printer queue for the current job could not be changed s is an explanatory error message Cannot copy job to error queue s The current print job could not be copied to the error queue after job completion Oe is an explanatory error message 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 481 Cannot restart error queue s The error queue could not be restarted after a job had been copied s is an explanatory error message Error while writing accounting file An error occured while writing to the EtherShare printer ac counting file This is mostly due to a UNIX system call fail ure in case no space is left on the disk Cannot mail to
306. fs for example and needs to open the file again it usually tries to open it using the same name and not under the name EDITOR PREFS If an application cannot find a file which it has created and the file is visible under UNIX and in the Find er it is likely that case sensitivity is to blame If you are able to determine the name of the file which the application is trying to open you can often provide a workaround by using a Macintosh link alias or by renaming the file Con tact your application vendor for assistance You will get a file system error if you try to copy files whose names contain ASCII 0 zero to the server or if application programs or tools try to create such files This somewhat dubious technique is used by some INITs to force their name to the top of an alphabetic list of files This restriction also applies to all AppleShare file server prod ucts including those from Apple Private volumes are a particularly powerful feature of the EtherShare File Server which is not available on original AppleShare file servers By automatically allocating a pri vate home volume to each user it is possible to keep his her data separate and protected from other users without requiring any additional measures to be carried out The home volume feature which is implemented with the UNIX home directory concept underlines the high degree of integration of the UNIX file system in the EtherShare File Serve
307. g es the communication with HELIOS Mail on a Macintosh The chapter lists all mailsrv parameters that are recog nized in the main configuration file atalk conf 15 The Terminal Server describes the termsrv program that implements terminal server functions on the server and manages the communication with HELIOS Terminal on a Macintosh The chapter lists all termsrv parameters that are recognized in the main configuration file atalk conf 1 About the chapters of this manual Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 16 The Time Server explains how to synchronize the time on a Macintosh client with the time on the EtherShare serv er Technical support 17 Technical support gives information about the HELIOS key and update system Furthermore it gives ad vice on how to set up a complete error description when re questing technical support Last but not least the chapter explains the meanings of the error messages you may re ceive when using HELIOS EtherShare Additional information A 1 Sample configurations shows examples of some ma jor configuration files such as atalk conf printcap afppasswd and afpvolumes A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory lists the directories that belong to an EtherShare installation A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router provides technical
308. g the network connection during installation 55 Desktop Server sssssssssssseseeeeeeeenn enne 330 EtherShare Admin 5 1 err decine iced eee Dee 88 HELIOS Terminales derti eraio etit noie rect nn ences 238 kernel enee ee eec He EYE eie ae EEN A 69 OI 430 manual network configuration seeesseeeeeeeeees A 26 NIS Yellow Pages sseeennemeeenennnn 425 Si lu 350 printers manually 371 re network connection ssssssseeeeeeeene A 39 Elle EE A 1 System messages ssssssssssseseeeeeennnene enne 20 Terminal Server ssssssssssssnnnssenrnestnnrnsssttnnnnnttn rnent tn nannte ennn 442 connectlimit atalk conf esessseeeeeeennn nne 279 Conventions Font and syntax conventions for the manual 9 CPlO seta 319 Creating opea TC 297 USOS Lic E E E E EE 295 cron UNIX General explanation essent 23 cron used for backup eircc EE EEE ANAE 320 Ctrl D Generated by Windows 160 Ctrl D for end of file sess 384 Gtri T el TEE TE 384 Custom Install EtherShare Client Installer 74 D daemonuid Security TIS e te ee E Pe Ree ue dees 423 daemonuid admsrv sse 422 Data DackUp esame eet tecti etico 318 Datagram Delivery Protocol streams multiplexor A 7
309. gram too many desktops Macintosh users have attempted to mount more volumes than the presently configured maximum number for the desktop server Please refer to the description of the maxdesktop parameter in this chapter for more details This message is usually associated with a Macintosh Finder er ror message similar to the following the connection could not be made to file server name please contact your sys tem administrator no response from host hostname nested desktops If you access volumes on another EtherShare host through NFS and the remote Desktop file seems to be already in access queries will be sent to the remote host s File Server and Desktop Server to check whether they are really in use The remote Desktop file will not be accessed directly You will get the no response error message if the re mote host does not respond to queries after a suitable time out In such cases the local Desktop Server will take control of the remote Desktop file and rebuild it if nec essary A message like desksrv nested desktop data opi OPI1 in data opi Desktop indicates that there are overlapping volumes The message pops up when you try to mount a volume that has a Desktop file in its parent directory 10 The Desktop Server 10 4 Parameters of the desksrv program 345 Add ID name too long If you create a file with a too long file name under UNIX using the
310. gt Open the system messages file by choosing System Messages from the Lists menu File Edit EGG Seen ibm Messages roups Volumes BS 08 51 01 ibm deskjet 35786 trying to connect In Printers Fonts 10 36 10 ibmopisrv 35282 Volume root for h Active Users 15 10 07 ibmopisrv 31644 Volume root for h Printer Log File gt 15 10 10 ibm opisrv 3 1644 Cannot get basenami Server Log File gt 15 10 11 ibm opisrv 3 1644 1 Not an EtherSha System Messages 15 10 11 ibm opisrv 3 1644 2 Not a PCShare vd Versions 15 10 12 ibm opisrv 3 1644 3 No such file or d Extension Mappings 15 10 13 ibm opisrv 3 1644 4 No manager to cq OPI Server Settings 15 10 13 ibm opisrv 3 1644 5 No manager to cq PDF Settings 15 22 39 ibmtsm pts 10 failed login attempt I IP Access 15 42 15 ibmmailsrv 25364 ADSPAttention co H Fig 87 System messages file on host ibm Note If the Messages window opens blank or with an error message the system message file may be too large to open with the memory allocated In this case exit EtherShare Admin and increase the memory in the Finder s Get Info dialog gt Choose Save as in the File menu to save the system mes sages file as a text file You can then read this information into a word processor or fax it e g to your UNIX manufac turer in case you have a system problem The Admin gets its information from your host s system message
311. h files see Generic icons in chapter 9 3 Di rectory and file formats In the case of files created by DOS Windows applications the file type is typically indicated by adding a suffix to the file name the so called file name extension Under EtherShare appropriate icons can be displayed for such files by specifying the extensions in the so called extension mapping table the default file name is SESDIR conf suffixes See the suffixes parameter in chapter 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program and Automatic extension mapping in chapter 9 6 Public and pri vate volumes for related information Select Extension Mappings from the Lists menu to view the extension mapping table see figure 90 File Edit MIROS Help Users Groups Volumes Printers BBEdit 4 0 Fonts E BBEdit 4 0 BS TEXT Rctive Users f BS Microsoft Excel E TEXT Printer Log File gt BY Microsoft Excel TEXT n Sg Microsoft Excel TEXT Microsoft Excel g TEXT ibm Extension Mappings System Messages Ginn E i BMPs 1 TEXT OPI Server Settings Qa Aldus PageMaker 5 0 Fi ALBS PDF Settings j QuarkXPress XDOC IP Access gi ivwr gt jade amp GIFT Compact Pro Fig 90 Extension mapping table For each entry in the suffixes file Extension Mappings lists the configured file name extension alongside the cho 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting f
312. hare Admin 5 8 Volumes list 123 Creating volumes The pull down menu Charset lets you select the character set which is appropriate for your workstation s setup You can select MacRoman or the Japanese SJIS encoding de pending on which OS you are running or what language kit is installed on your Macintosh client More character sets will be available as plug ins The pull down menu Charset appears grayed out if the Unicode UTF8 checkbox remains unticked since in this case the character encoding is automatically set to the old EtherShare character set compare Calling rebuild in 10 2 The Desktop Server Program If you make any changes in the volume data window they are only valid after clicking Save and only take effect with the next user login Provided that the changes have not been saved the Revert button can be used to recall the original data If an attempt is made to close the window without sav ing or reverting changes EtherShare Admin prompts whether saving should be carried out or not A new volume can be created as follows Activate the Volumes list and choose New from the File menu compare figure 45 124 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list WII Edit Lists Volume Help New 36 Open H ibm Volumes EtherShare Close seu oi EtherShare Applications Save As Helios S Login SL Si ICC Profiles Logout Si OPI Test 360 Sra Fig 45 Creating a new volume
313. he File Server However you may get problems with appli cations that send images as binary bitmap data since se rially connected PostScript printers interpret certain binary codes as control signals Please refer to chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually for more infor mation Accordingly we recommend Ethernet be cause it is transparent to 8 bit data and much faster than a serial connection which is an important factor for images See chapter 11 The Print Server for more in formation 38 4 Installation 4 2 General remarks About this chapter The disk we provide The installation program s Updates 4 2 General remarks This chapter describes the steps that are indispensable for a standard installation and gives short explanations if neces sary Please remember that all activities you have to per form are marked by an instruction arrow in the left margin For a quick installation you may proceed directly from one instruction to the other and skip the explanations in between Our EtherShare 2 6 software is delivered on an ISO 9660 CD ROM For convenience the CD ROM also includes a script which allows you to copy each of the products to a standard installation tape The procedure is described in chapter 4 4 below The installation is executed by two separated programs The first program install sh must be started from the CD ROM It lets you select the product you want to install and copie
314. he file ESDIR conf servers contains a list of all Ether Share server modules which should be started when Ether Share is started It is referenced by the start atalk script as described above desksrv afpsrv opisrv papsrv mailsrv admsrv termsrv optional timesrv lpd optional stop atalk is a shell script which closes down the entire EtherShare system atalkd and all EtherShare servers af ter a delay of five minutes ensuring that all active processes have been correctly terminated All logged in users receive a warning message on their workstations before the system is finally closed down If the stop atalk command line includes the parameter now ESDIR stop atalk now EtherShare is stopped immediately Instead of now you can specify 260 8 The EtherShare System 8 5 AppleTalk stack utility programs swho command g grace period and thereby change the number of sec onds to wait before stopping atalk Additionally you can specify m message with the stop atalk command Important Only the superuser root can run stop atalk Use the swho command or choose Active Users in the Lists menu of EtherShare Admin to make sure that no other users are using the File Server before running this script use afpmsg to inform connected users Additionally make sure that there are no active print jobs and or OPI layout generation processes stop
315. he first is the ESC character Hex 1B which is then followed by a command a digit between one and six followed by the value of the parameter within square brackets for example ESC 4 10 or in hex 1B 34 5B 31 30 5D The following is a list of the supported escape sequences ESC 1 1 Underline on ESC 1 0 Underline off ESC 2 1 Bold printing on ESC 2 0 Bold printing off 410 12 Text to PostScript Converter 12 3 Escape Interpreter ESC 3 Helvetica Choose a new font in this example Helvetica ESC 3 Courier Choose the standard font Courier is the default font ESC 4 12 5 Choose a new font size in points in this example 12 5 points ESC 5 gsave newpath 50 50 moveto 80 80 lineto closepath stroke grestore This escape sequence example shows how to include your own PostScript code e g a trademark during the printing procedure It is important to store and restore the current position which is why the program should always start with gsave and finish with grestore ESC 6 2 Set line spacing in this example to 2 times the font height 12 Text to PostScript Converter 12 4 Umlauts and special characters 411 12 4 Umlauts and special characters pstext provides facilities to allow the PostScript coding character set translation of the printer font to be changed for example to allow national accented characters such as Umlauts to be pr
316. he following commands cd usr local mkdir es cd es umask 0 insert tape here tar xvf dev lt device gt where aevice iS rmt0 for IBM RS 6000 computers rmtoh for Digital computers tape for SGI computers rmt 0 for System V 4 computers e g Sun computers un der Solaris 2 x 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure 59 Please do not forget the command umask 0 It influences the permissions which are set for the EtherShare program modules and directories Incorrect permissions can cause serious malfunction of the EtherShare system Finally you have to start the product specific installation program manually using usr 10cal es install and then follow the instructions given in paragraph The Ether Share installation menu above 60 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation Changes made by the installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation All EtherShare programs are contained in the EtherShare home directory ESDIR specified during the installation default usr local es and in several sub directories For example ESDIR contains EtherShare system and utility programs ESDIR etc contains sub programs of the install program and example configuration templates SESDIR conf contains EtherShare configuration files and ESDIR macapps contains Macintosh programs for use with EtherShare SESDIR psfonts and ESDIR dicts are for manually
317. he number of printers that are available Print ers can be set up if necessary by using an editor such as vi but we strongly recommend that you do this with the Ether Share Admin instead See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually The parameters described below can be defined for each papsrv process in atalk conf note that the parameter list is preceded by the program name papsrv name netname netname is the AppleTalk NVE name of the Print Server This is the name with which it is known to the network It is the name you see in the workstation s Chooser under LaserWriter type nettype nettype is the AppleTalk type of the Print Server with which itis known to the network nettype should normally be set to LaserWriter ImageWriter etc since only then it will be recognized by the standard Macintosh Chooser extensions on the workstations If the workstations are pro vided with a later version of the LaserWriter program which also allows other printer types a different type can be specified here if necessary The default for nettype is LaserWriter 11 The Print Server 11 5 Parameters of the papsrv program 365 zone printer dictdir zone zonename zonename is the name of the AppleTalk zone to which the Print Server should be allocated Thus it determines the zone in which the Print Server can be seen in the Chooser The chosen
318. he server log file of Three 5 EtherShare Admin 176 5 13 Other lists and accounting files Days Ago Log files which are older than seven days are deleted automatically gt To open a specific log file select Server Log File from the Lists menu and specify the day you want ibm Server Log File Yesterday E tatus Server Address User Date Time Dur AFPServer dyn 3 216 helios de det 02 09 1998 10 00 0 07 34 4 AFPServer dyn 3 216 helios de det 02 09 1996 10 09 0 44 45 5 AdminServer 0023 037 250 root 02 09 1996 17 25 0 13 18 0 UNIXTerminal 0029 216 248 root 02 09 1996 17 44 0 04 26 1 O AdminServer 0029 216 247 root 02 09 1998 17 44 0 01 39 0 MailServer 0029 216 248 root 02 09 1998 17 55 0 06 04 0 a amp amp x x RA Fig 86 Example of a server log file gt Choose Save as from the File menu to save the server log file as a text file You can then read this information into a word processor for further use The EtherShare Admin gets its information from the files ESDIR server acct which contains the data of To day to ESDIR server acct 6 Seven Days Ago See Server log file structure in appendix A 7 1 EtherShare log files for details 5 13 5 System Messages The system messages file shows messages from the UNIX host in standard UNIX format see figure 87 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 177
319. he target directory does not have a corresponding desktop this option is ignored list in long format This option is equivalent to specifying the option tsi if the argument is a directory list only its name and not its contents for each file print the file or directory id as stored in the resource fork and the parent id as stored in the desktop database This information may not be correct in case files folders were manipulated with UNIX programs other than the dt utilities Use rebuild s to verify consistency between volume and desktop information The attributes printed in the first column consist of 8 char acters and are indicated as follows A 9 The Desktop utilities A 106 A 9 5 Command descriptions d directory A alias i invisible S system a read only T locked norename nodelete b backup p protected Please note that Macintosh aliases cannot be created with the dt utilities The internal structure of aliases is not doc umented by Apple Examples dt ls usr ethershare d i rl Network Trash Folder XDOC XPR3 mydoc This command prints the names of all files in the passed di rectory usr ethershare showing the file attributes the type and creator for that file and its name Please note that directories do not have any type or creator and therefore the fields are empty for directories Often you may want to include more Macintosh specific in formation in the output Yo
320. hed choos ing Files are extracted into the current directory so usually you will want to use the cd command to switch first to the same directory from which you made the backup A 6 Data backup with dump and restore A 53 restore does not accept file name specifications contain ing spaces or accented characters Umlauts You can get round this limitation by using wildcards See also A 9 7 7 Using dt for backup restore for related information on backing up and restoring files A 6 Data backup with dump and restore A 54 A 7 Technical notes A 55 Appendix A 7 Technical notes The following section contains miscellaneous technical in formation about EtherShare which is primarily of interest to experienced system administrators only A 56 A 7 Technical notes A 7 1 EtherShare log files Printer log file structure A7 1 EtherShare log files The following describes the structure of the EtherShare printer log file and server log file Please refer to your UNIX manuals for a description of the system messages file All three files can be inspected in the EtherShare Ad min by choosing the appropriate item in the Lists menu Each entry in the printer log file ESDIR printer acct with the appendices 0 yesterday to 6 seven days ago has the following format status ptrName username JobTitle startTime duration pages ListOfFonts
321. hen first starting in order to determine their configuration The install program automatically sets up this file with default values for the parameters The values can be changed if necessary by using an editor such as vi but we strongly recommend that you do this with the EtherShare Admin program and the network configuration option of the install program instead A valid entry in atalk conf has the following structure program parameter parameter programis the name of the program or a special wild card section e g zones or if for which the configuration is destined and parameter defines various configuration op tions which vary from program to program see later Note that the parameters for each program can all be specified on a single line To improve clarity however long lines should be split after commas and continued on the next line op tionally indented with space characters e g program parml parm2 parm3 Do not repeat the program name in multi line commands except for papsrv all other program names are only al lowed to show up once 254 8 The EtherShare System 8 2 System configuration The syntax for parameter has two forms parametername value parametername The first form assigns a value to a parameter variable The value can be optionally contained in quotation marks to allow the inclusion of space characters The second form is called a
322. herShare volumes see Private volumes in 9 6 Public and private volumes Note Choose Rebuild Desktop from the Dolume list in the EtherShare Admin Then all files on that volume can be found again Under UNIX type rebuild f in ESDIR 10 The Desktop Server 329 1 0 The Desktop Server 330 10 The Desktop Server 10 1 General remarks 10 1 General remarks This chapter describes the function and configuration of the Desktop Server The Desktop Server is responsible for stor ing icon and application data for the entire EtherShare Server and for managing file and directory IDs for network volumes The Desktop Server is usually invisible to users and has no associated Macintosh application The excep tion is the Rebuild Desktop option in the EtherShare Admin 10 The Desktop Server 10 2 The Desktop Server Program 331 desksrv Application data Icon data 10 2 The Desktop Server Program The EtherShare Desktop Server system consists of the pro gram desksrv It is created in the ESDIR directory during installation EtherShare is configured to start desksrv automatically when UNIX is booted desksrv manages a database containing icon and applica tion data for the entire EtherShare server and file and direc tory ID information for network volumes The database data are contained in the Desktop file in the root directo ry of each HFS volume The file name Desktop
323. here is only one network interface detected thus there is no need to configure any network numbers Ge lt RET gt config dejactivate a auto on off help 1 adapter Fig A 13 The No need to configure information message List of Figure A 14 shows a network with two interfaces As men interfaces tioned before netconf automatically checks for all recog Adding an in nized Ethernet interfaces in your host and shows them on the screen If an interface cannot be recognized it will be missing in the list In that case you can press CTRL V on some machines it may be necessary to press CTRL V two times to open a dialog that lets you enter a new interface This dialog is shown in figure A 15 For instructions on how to fill in the dialog please read paragraph Changing an interface entry below terface entry A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 30 A 3 5 Manual network configuration Remember that for a new entry you need to know the cor rect name of the interface and whether it supports Apple Talk Incompatibilities may cause system crashes c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 AppleTalk Network Setup Interface Start End tode Default Zone Additional Zones US flutomatic configuration lel Automatic configuration lt RET gt config dejactivate a auto on off help 1 2 adapter Fig
324. hich runs continuously in the background within UNIX has the task of processing status and error messages from other active programs and sending them to a specific output device or file in accordance with its con figuration All of the EtherShare modules use the services of syslogd to output system error messages and warnings By changing the configuration file etc syslog conf on the UNIX server the administrator is able to exactly control the flow of messages For example messages can be automati cally passed on to users logged on to the system or entire groups or simply stored in files or output to the system console With some operating systems EtherShare as many other UNIX programs will not log any error messages or warn ings unless syslogd has been appropriately configured 3 Introduction 3 3 EtherShare and UNIX programs and files 21 Ipr lpr which is responsible for passing print jobs to the ap propriate printer is used by the EtherShare Print Server lpr is configured through the UNIX configuration file Jetc printcap This file contains an entry for each printer queue assigned to the system in order to define how the printer is connected to the network and to specify which programs are responsible for transferring data to the printer The EtherShare Admin updates this file automatically whenever you change the printer configuration The Print Server is based on the BSD printing syst
325. his allows Macintosh users to easily differentiate between files created under UNIX all icons include the name UNIX and normal Macintosh files You can also create or modify the file type or creator man ually with a program such as the shareware program File Typer or you can use the MakeAuto Typer tool to create an Auto Typer document System 7 only The latter con verts type creator information according to a specified scheme automatically See Automatic extension mapping in 9 6 Public and private volumes for related information 272 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats Note If a file type is assigned the code UNKN UNIX using e g the MakeAuto Typer tool the File Server auto matically enforces a file type conversion If necessary the generic icons feature can be disabled see the afpsrv switch nobinonly In that case all UNIX files are classified as binary data files DATA UNIX jit I III E 17 items 1 750 5 MB in disk 233 3 MB available m hs ls UNI K We Ka UNIS UNIX UNIKE UNIX NoPermission FIFO CharacterDev BlockDev Socket Mailbox m li e i UNIX UND UNIX e UNIX Text Binary Archive a Object o Program PostScript ps t IN bs ls UNIX UNIX f UNIX F UNIX Tape cpio Image Compressed z Packed z Shell Script EPSF eps a Be Fig 149 Generic icons for UNIX files under EtherShare You can also assign suitable icons to non Macint
326. hr 671ibm Fig 77 List of jobs for printer hold hold queue on host bm ibm Printer Jobs lw E Sent 196 kB job y source EtherTalk t Document Size Date Time 328K 25 08 1998 15 51 Fig 78 Printer job window for printer Iw on host ibm 5 EtherShare Admin 5 12 Printer job windows moving restarting and deleting jobs 165 The list window also contains a status line showing printer status and the quantity of data in kByte already sent to the printer for the job which is currently printing compare fig ure 78 The status line is also updated about twice a minute Due to inclusion of fonts etc the quantity of data sent to the printer can be larger than the job size in the spool queue if EtherShare OPI is also installed due to image in clusion it may be considerably larger than this The user name assigned to the job is the one specified in the Macintosh File Sharing control panel The job will be as signed to root if no name is specified in File Sharing or if the name specified is unknown to EtherShare See User and document names in print jobs in appendix A 7 1 Ether Share log files for more information Print jobs with a PDF icon in front of them like those shown in figure 77 are jobs that have run through a pre view queue To get these PDF previews of a print job you have to purchase and install HELIOS Print Preview The option Br
327. ibility 162 5 EtherShare Admin 5 11 Printer menu Edit PPD Assigning the correct PPD file to a printer guarantees the best possible output results provided that you assign the same PPD file later when you set up the printer with the Chooser on your Macintosh client Usually the EtherShare Admin will prompt for assigning a PPD file the moment you create a new printer queue If you cancel the dialog box then you will get a warning when you log in the next time High light the printer name in the Printers window and choose Select PPD from the Printer menu to finally define or if necessary change the PPD file for a specific queue Once you have selected a PPD file for a queue you can dis play the contents of that file in a text window and root and members of the SysAdm or QueueAdm group can even edit the file if necessary For that purpose highlight the printer name in the Printers window and choose Edit PPD from the Printer menu You can use this feature for information pur poses at any time e g to find out which PPD file is currently valid on a specific queue However you should be very careful as far as the edit functionality is concerned Edit ing a PPD file requires some knowledge about the structure and syntax of PPD files Also your changes may have dif ferent effects when printing with different applications Moreover there is currently little safeguard against different PPDs selected for an EtherShare pr
328. ication in etc printcap differs somewhat from standard conventions and thus the EtherShare Admin will not list other Remote LPR printers which have been manually configured for other purposes 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 149 However EtherShare Admin will not modify other etc printcap entries unless you inadvertently choose an already existing logical UNIX printer name O E ibpmrPrinters remL ll H Printer Name lem E Spool Directory var spool remLW Hold Queue None sl Error Queue None zl O Banner Page O Hide Queue Accounting File O Require Authentication Connection Remote LPR gt Remote Host classic Fig 63 Data for Remote LPR printer rem WI on host ibm EtherShare s Print Server is based on the BSD printing sys tem If your host uses another system as e g System V the printing system Sun Solaris 2 x uses the Print Server auto matically uses its own BSD style lpr program which is provided in the ESDIR directory Manual pages for the BSD style lpr are provided in PDF format on the CD ROM in the manuals directory see file LPRMAN PDP 150 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list Shared Memory connection You can specify a TCP IP stream printer either with host in ternet number and service port number or with host name and service port name The latter method requires corre
329. ich exists only once for each volume Each applica tion is normally associated with a single file creator code 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats 267 e g MSWD for Microsoft Word but can as well have several file type codes e g WDBN for normal Word documents WHLP for Word help files DCT5 for the Word dictionary etc See Icon data in chapter 10 2 The Desktop Server Program for more information Under EtherShare the file s data fork is stored with the chosen file name in the UNIX directory corresponding to the folder The file s resource fork is combined with the Finder info and stored in a separate resource file of the same name in the so called resource directory which is the rsrc sub directory of the folder s directory The first 512 bytes of the resource file are used for the Find er info bytes 0 511 and the files resource data start at byte 512 Files created by UNIX applications have no resource fork and the EtherShare resource file 1f present may then be shorter than 512 bytes this is normal A description of the resource file structure is available on the HELIOS Web site www helios de Macintosh file names which are invalid for UNIX are con verted according to a specified algorithm When you create a folder under EtherShare which you do with the Finder in the normal way a UNIX directory is cre ated with the same name as the folder Folders too h
330. ied to the directory only Else if a directory on a volume is changed the changes are applied to the files within this directory as well they are not applied to subdirectories The n option makes sure that the command is always applied to the directory only owner group use or A user ID and an optional group ID to be assigned Both IDs may either be specified by the numeric ID or by the corresponding user or group name A 9 The Desktop utilities A 112 A 9 5 Command descriptions Please note that you need the necessary access rights to change the user or group ID of a file according to UNIX semantics only the user id root is allowed to change own ership settings Examples dt chown frank support myfile changes the owner for myfile to frank and the group to support dt chown 100 myfile changes the owner for myfile to the user defined with the ID 100 A9 5 15 dtchgrp The chgrp command sets the group ID of a given file to that of the new group Usage dt chgrp fhRn group file The following options are supported f do not report errors h if the file is a symbolic link change the group of the symbolic link not the group of the file that is referenced by the symbolic link This option is not supported on all platforms R recursively descend through the directory when setting the group for each file A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 113
331. ies instead of just moving the directory entry see Technical notes for dt mv for more details A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 7 Additional information A 119 A 9 7 5 mount points and auto mounter Double mounts access to the same directory under differ ent mount points e g mount myserver usr es es mount myserver usr es home userl es_copy will lead to differences between volume and desktop infor mation resulting in inconsistencies Please note that you may unintentionally cause this prob lem by accessing an already mounted volume via auto mounter dt cp net myserver usr etherhare filel file2 You may avoid this problem by running auto mounter on any involved server source and destination A 9 7 6 Zero IDs On any mounted volume EtherShare automatically detects any file which has an accompanying resource fork with a zero ID the ID set to numerical zero when the parent di rectory is opened from a Macintosh A file without a valid ID does not have any database entry and therefore a new desktop database entry is created and the resource fork is updated using the new ID The dt utilities never create zero ID resource forks in vol umes unless you force this behavior using the z flag for the cp and mv command A 120 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 7 Additional information backup restore Important This option should only be used by system administra
332. ight notice compare figure 135 unless you have changed your preferences see later HELIOS Terminal Copyright 1989 2888 HELIOS Software GmbH Version 2 6 8 HELIOS Fig 135 HELIOS Terminal Copyright Notice 240 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 3 Setting Terminal preferences Background windows active New window on start 7 3 Setting Terminal preferences When you start HELIOS Terminal for the first time you should initially choose Preferences in the Edit menu in or der to specify your standard settings see figure 136 Preferences F ptiong n n ner O Background windows active New window on start 4 Connect on open i 3 Use saved window location Connection AppleTalk RDSP Tool e Emulation UT320 Tool w File Transfer Language Fig 136 Dialog box for preferences The dialog box Preferences is used to specify various standard settings which do not relate to an individual con nection Background windows active specifies whether a back ground i e non active window should react immediately toa mouse click or whether the mouse click should initially swap the window into the foreground New window on start specifies whether HELIOS Termi nal should immediately open a new session window on 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 3 Setting Terminal preferences 241 Use saved window location Connect on open Connection Emulation Language Saving your prefere
333. ile adjusting some data structures inside the oper ating system to be larger than normal This keeps more in formation in memory that otherwise may need to be continuously re read from the disk Modern operating sys tems adjust the data structure values depending on the available memory size See your UNIX documentation for more information The Solaris 2 x operating system has no facilities to rebuild the kernel Thus parameters are not set by modifying a C language source and rebuilding the kernel but simply by editing a text file The file etc system may contain sim ple statements of the form set variable value to tune sys tem parameters The two parameters especially interesting for EtherShare are ufs ninode and ncsize ncsize is not prefixed by ufs_ because it relates to all file systems not just the normal UNIX file system To set these two val ues to 20000 one would include the following statements in etc system set ufs_ninode 20000 set ncsize 20000 Increasing the number of inodes that can be held in memory improves the performance considerably when doing Mac intosh Finder operations or repeated opening and closing of A 74 A 7 Technical notes A 7 8 UNIX kernel tuning Other tuning tips Other UNIX ar chitectures files Each file that needs to be accessed directories are files as well will occupy an inode entry The inode will be kept around after closing a file
334. ile server volumes Please refer to the Apple documenta tion for more details about AppleShare Please note that Mac OS 8 contains the AppleShare client software by de fault Installation is not required If you are using an Apple LaserWriter Apple LaserWriter Plus or a compatible PostScript printer the LaserWriter printer driver is required in the Extensions subfolder of the Macintosh s System Folder LaserWriter is responsi ble for making the logical connection to all network devices of type LaserWriter Note that the Apple Laser Writer GX driver is not compatible to EtherShare and has to be un installed 4 Installation 4 3 Preparing the installation 43 If you are using an ImageWriter II or ImageWriter LQ ap propriate printer drivers such as AppleTalk ImageWriter for the ImageWriter II printer must be present in the Ex tensions subfolder of the System Folder AppleTalk Im ageWriter is responsible for making the logical connection to all network devices of type ImageWriter AppleShare and printer drivers such as LaserWriter are accessed through the Chooser to allow you to select net work zones file servers and printers On some systems the AppleTalk Zones scroll box is only visible if you have any zones Refer to the Apple Macintosh user manual for more details The AppleShare and AppleTalk files and printer drivers such as LaserWriter are included in the st
335. iles 181 sen Macintosh application with its mini icon and chosen document type with the document mini icon gt Double click on an entry to edit the mapping or choose File and New to create a new mapping see figure 91 m O ibm Egstension Mappings doc Document Ei Fig 91 Editing the extension mapping table gt Specify the required extension in the Suffix field Then click on Choose to select an existing application The Document pop up menu will list all document types for the chosen application select the one you want Click on Save when you are finished Important This feature allows you to allocate file name exten sions to icons of applications or documents which already reside on the File Server or on the client com puter but it does not allow you to create new icons The mapping specified in the mapping table will only be applied to files that do not yet include resource information 182 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files System requirements About defaults 5 13 8 IP Access AFP servers were traditionally only available on local area networks The AFP over IP transport allows connections to the AFP server from anywhere in the Internet To protect your site you might want to create an IP access list to re strict access to your server You can create such a list on your UNIX server see appendix A 8 IP configuration Reference Part but
336. ime for network or RPC connec tions we decided to even extend these values If afpsrv does not get a response from desksrv within this period of time this indicates a severe problem with the underlying UNIX operating system UNIX file system or 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 467 RAID HSM drivers or a hardware problem related to SCSI or hard disks To prevent inconsistencies between information stored in the desktop databases of an EtherShare volume and the files folders on this volume the afpsrv client process en countering this time out will secure this volume all mount ed volumes against write access Opening folders and reading files will still be possible but creating renaming moving files or folders will not be possible any longer Not even trashing files folders will be allowed Apart from the usual messages issued in the UNIX system error log this message will also be sent to the Macintosh client whose afpsrv server process encountered the prob lem For more information on the Macintosh client messag es refer toafpmsg in chapter 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program Since applications usually work with temporary files fold ers it may not be possible to save single files If this prob lem was only temporary unmounting all EtherShare volumes and remounting them will make these volumes writable again If instead this was no temporary problem and is not solved in the meanti
337. imes An appropriate entry in the cron configuration table 24 3 Introduction 3 3 EtherShare and UNIX programs and files ufsdump restore portmap rpcbind crontab can be used to start and stop a particular server at a specified time of day cron can also be used to automate data backup procedures ufsdump is a data archiving program available on BSD UNIX systems It is the recommended program for making backup security copies of network volumes to a tape streamer or other removable storage media attached to the UNIX host You can read in the archive again with restore See chapter 9 8 Data backup and appendix 9999 A 6 Data backup with dump and restore Either portmap or rpcbind are needed by the Desktop Server 3 Introduction 3 4 Network hardware 25 3 4 Network hardware There are several different ways of connecting workstations and printers together to build a network If you want to build e g an Ethernet or FDDI network you may have to in stall appropriate interface cards in some or all of the work stations and servers AppleTalk AppleTalk is a generic name used by Apple for all types of Apple compliant network connections EtherTalk is the name Apple gives to the AppleTalk protocol when it is used on an Ethernet network TokenTalk is the name Apple gives to the AppleTalk protocol when it is used on an IBM Token Ring network AppleTalk is not compatible
338. imit to dkB m The Resident Set Size UNIX parameter could not be changed to d Kilo bytes Warning PPDCreate failed s A PPD file query request could not be established s is an explanatory error message Warning PPDSend failed s A PPD file query failed s is an explanatory error mes sage 17 Technical support 486 17 3 Error Messages Warning Cannot open PPD file 6s m The PDD file Ge could not be opened due to a UNIX sys tem call failure Warning Cannot open PPD file Ge s The PDD file s could not be opened due to error 6s Cannot add execution op An internal execution operation failed This mostly occurs in case the system is low on virtual memory More error output follows after this text Warning Execution of DSC comment s failed ignored The execution of the DSC comment s failed but can be ignored Error while executing DSC comment s The execution of the DSC comment s failed The print job does continue printing but the result may not be as ex pected Fatal error while executing DSC comment Ge The execution of the DSC comment s failed The print job is aborted Error while reading from PostScript stream An error occured while reading from a PostScript data stream Mostly an explanatory error message follows 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 487 Cannot insert registered fonts s An error occured while
339. imple mented by afpsrv this is often inconvenient to UNIX us ers Therefore any existing execution bit is preserved by default A 9 5 6 dt cp dt cp copies the passed files or directories to a destination file or directory Usage dt cp finpvz f1 f2 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 99 dt cp finpvz fl fn dl dt cp r finpvz dl dn I dn The three different usages are provided for the following cases copy a file fl to the destination file f2 copy the passed files fl fn into the des tination directory dl copy the passed directory into the destina tion directory dn The following options apply copy a file from one Macintosh volume to another Macintosh volume with a different character set without getting an error message copy the file s without prompting even if it is overwriting an existing target Note that this is the default if the standard input is not a terminal prompt for confirmation for each file If the answer begins with y yes the file is copied otherwise it is not recursively copy passed directory no resource forks if no desktop see A 9 7 3 Default resource fork handling preserve the owner and group IDs permission modes modification and access time verbose display extended warnings A 9 The Desktop utilities A 100 A 9 5 Command descriptions z force zero ID for destination please refer to A 9 7
340. indows characters A 123 Appendix A 10 Macintosh and Windows characters When it comes to character transfer between Windows 98 Windows NT and Macintosh computers respectively it must be considered that Macintosh and Windows character encoding utilizes 8 bit values which are not always mutual ly compatible A well known example are special charac ters Thus in order to provide proper file name exchange be tween the different platforms the Unicode UTF 8 encod ing can be applied compare UTF 8 encoded file names in chapter 9 3 Directory and file formats Notwithstanding there are some characters which are not displayable at all on the other system The following tables show the characters in question categorized by the operat ing system and their respective hexadecimal value Fig A 29 shows Windows 98 left and Windows NT4 right characters which the Macintosh cannot display Fig A 30 shows Macintosh characters which Windows 98 cannot display Similarly Macintosh characters not dis playable by Windows NT4 are shown in Fig A 31 A 10 Macintosh and Windows characters A 124 SE SE A4 A 86 A6 87 AD 88 B2 AA A B3 53 A6 B9 AD BC 4 B2 BD B3 5 BE B9 DO D BC 4 D7 x BD DD Y BE 34 DE P DO D FO D7 x FD DD Y FE bp DE P FO FD FE bp Fig A 29 Windows 98 left and Windows NT4 right characters not displayable by Macintosh A 10 Macinto
341. information on EtherShare s net work auto configure option and also explains manual con figuration of the network connection For that purpose the HELIOS netconf utility is described A 4 EtherShare utility programs describes the logrotate utility and the HELIOS LanTest 1 About the chapters of this manual Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10 Glossary Index A 5 Standard UNIX utility programs gives information about UNIX tools that can help you with network diagnos tics and EtherShare configuration namely hostname an 66 d uname arp ifconfig 9999 A 6 Data backup with dump and restore shows an example of how to backup and restore an entire partition of a hard disk A 7 Technical notes contains a number of technical in formation that are meant for experienced UNIX users only A 8 IP configuration Reference Part gives background information about IP addresses firewalls and the set tings we recommend for the AppleShare Client Setup A 9 The Desktop utilities describes the dt utilities which mimic the functionality of some major UNIX com mands for handling files while maintaining the integrity of the desktop database A 10 Macintosh and Windows characters Glossary briefly explains some terms of the network ter minology 1 About the chapters of this manual
342. ing Li ans Incoming HELIOS mail HI Ei Attachment Filename Size kb Type B helios pdf 18 application mac binhex40 From pascal helios de Wed Apr 22 10 10 29 1998 eceived from amun helios de amun helios de 172 16 0 9 by ans helios de 8 9 3 8 9 3 id K amp amp 40130 for henner Wed 22 Apr 1998 10 10 29 0200 Date Wed 22 Apr 1998 10 10 29 0200 Message Id lt 200004050810 KA440130 ans helios de gt From Pascal Winter lt pascal helios de gt To henner helios de Subject HELIOS mail Cc Mime Version 1 0 Content Type multipart mixed boundary 68656C696F732E706466_324997 Status RO Fig 113 Incoming mail here with attached file Double click on the document icon below the title bar to save the attached file You will get a file dialog box that al lows you to choose a new name and folder See also the paragraph Attaching a file in chapter 6 6 Sending mail for information on how to send attached files You can search for specific expressions in incoming mails For that purpose open the desired mail and select Edit and 6 HELIOS Mail 6 5 Incoming mail 215 Find from the menu Then enter the word you are looking for see figure 114 Search for update O Case Sensitive Fig 114 Using the Find option in HELIOS Mail Deleting mails In order to delete one or more mail items from the in basket you have to proc
343. ing it manually if you regularly carbon copy mail items to additional recipi 6 HELIOS Mail 6 3 Setting Mail preferences 205 ents The Insert Bcc line checkbox would insert a Bcc blind copy to line in the header of each new mail docu ment This Bcc line lets you enter addresses of people to whom you want to send a copy secretly All recipients will see in the header of the mail the name of the addressee and of those who have received a copy they will not see however if anybody has received a blind copy Signature specifies whether your individual signature should be added automatically to each new mail you write How you can set up or change your signature is described later in this chapter vd Cc line O Bcc line v Signature Fig 106 Dialog box for Insert preferences 206 6 HELIOS Mail 6 3 Setting Mail preferences Full Smart No Header 6 3 4 Header preferences The dialog for Header preferences is shown in figure 107 It lets you specify what kind of header you prefer Insert Fu Header Full Header Subject happy hol ida Content Length 22I Line 7 Header Q Smart Header Status FO Dar Halrelch Q No Header Fig 107 Dialog box for Header preferences Important If you need to save an e mail message for use on a dif ferent e mail client or unpacking utility the Full Header option must be turned on If
344. ing renaming moving files or folders will not be possible any longer Not even trashing files folders will be allowed Apart from the usual messages issued in the UNIX system error log afpsrv will issue an error message on the client if the communication to desksrv fails and inform users that the volume falls back to read only access The mes sage is Volname localhost RPC Timed out Only readonly access possible 10 The Desktop Server 10 5 afpsrv and desksrv coordination 347 Under certain conditions an additional error message is is sued and the volume is unmounted automatically by the Finder Though this message is issued by one afpsrv client pro cess only it is likely that all other afpsrv processes may encounter the same problem and therefore the UNIX sys tem administrator should be notified immediately Since applications usually work with temporary files fold ers it may not be possible to save single files If this prob lem was only temporary unmounting all EtherShare volumes and remounting them will make these volumes writable again If not this was no temporary problem and is not solved in the meantime the Macintosh volume Chooser will list all volumes grayed out and no volume will be mountable Not even root will be able to mount any of these volumes Depending on the severity of the problem it may be neces sary to stop and restart EtherShare services on the server by usi
345. ing to Front in the Edit menu can be used to move one or more selected print jobs to the 2nd top position of the queue since the top position print job is considered as being processed and therefore untouchable You may also want to move print jobs manually inside the queue Select one or more Use Shift click to select a range of entries and use Command click to select deselect indi vidual entries from a list print jobs by clicking with the mouse and dragging If you have several printer queues you can simultaneously open printer job windows for each of them non active background windows are also updated 5 EtherShare Admin 166 5 12 Printer job windows moving restarting and deleting jobs Deleting printer jobs Moving jobs and restarting hold queues Note that the admsrv does interpret octal backslash es cape sequences in PostScript 9626 Title comments This means that e g Japanese job titles can be displayed in a job window provided that you use a local operating system or the Japanese Language Kit on your Macintosh To delete a job you have to proceed as follows Select the job in the printer job window and choose Clear from the Edit menu You can choose multiple jobs for deletion using standard Macintosh keyboard shortcuts see Selecting multiple entries from a list in chapter 5 5 About list windows You are only allowed to delete your own jobs unless you are root or a mem
346. instead of the current date This option turns off the pstext escape interpreter No characters are checked for control functions tabsize tabsize specifies the distance of each tabulator stop in units of the width of the character M The default is eight i e the width of eight Ms MMMMMMMM for each tab stop printer printer is the name of the printer to which the file should be output If this option is omitted the generated PostScript code is output to the terminal stdout 12 Text to PostScript Converter 408 12 2 Options C lpi lpi defines the desired line spacing in font height The de fault is once the height of the used font d NewPrepFile NewPrepFile parameter can be set to dump the internal prep file pstext ps to a file for further editing and use it with e option 12 Text to PostScript Converter 12 3 Escape Interpreter 409 Escape sequences 12 3 Escape Interpreter pstext can check the print job for special sequences start ing with the ESC character which can be used to control simple highlighting features such as bold printing under scoring and different fonts This is particularly useful for programs that normally work with a matrix printer With such programs it is often possible to enter the control codes to specify particular print attributes such as bold printing into a configuration table An escape sequence for pstext has three parts T
347. inted correctly The default character set coding in PostScript only supports a few of the available ac cented characters pstext however re codes the alloca tion of such characters by accessing the PostScript lan guage prep file that is built into EtherShare This file contains two different modified versions of the so called Standard Encoding Vector called decEncoding for DEC Ultrix computers and ibmEncoding for IBM com puters respectively Neither of these encoding tables are complete implementations of the corresponding character sets they have only been set up to support the German Um laut characters However they can easily be extended to add other special characters or to specify completely new codings Note that modification of the coding requires some knowledge of the PostScript language To edit the default prep file you have to use the pstext program with the d option This dumps the prep con tents into a file which can then be revised We assume that the file name of the editable prep file is pstext ps The two alternative encoding tables can be found at the be ginning of the pstext ps file They both function by copy ing the standard coding and changing it to add the required special characters The following is the code table provided for the DEC VT200 character set 12 Text to PostScript Converter 412 12 4 Umlauts and special characters reencode fon
348. inter queue and selected for the LaserWriter driver on a Macintosh With Laser Writer 8 you can Create or Setup a PPD foran entry in the Chooser and as long as you choose Ruto Setup the se lected PPD on the Macintosh will at least be a PPD with the same NickName entry as the PPD specified for the EtherShare printer queue Nevertheless in case you edited the PPD on the server there is no mechanism to retrieve this new PPD information You would have to adjust the PPD file on the Macintosh manually to reflect all changes of the printer queue s PPD 5 EtherShare Admin 5 11 Printer menu 163 Restart Printer Spool only Spool amp Print The option Restart Printer is used to stop and restart print ing on the job queue and to re initialize the UNIX Ipd pro gram for the selected printer This may be necessary if a fatal error or network connection fault occurs while printing You will be asked for confirmation compare figure 75 This will cancel the current print job Do you really want to restart printer LaserWriter Fig 75 Restarting printer LaserWriter The option Spool only see figure 76 causes following print jobs for the selected printer to be spooled to disk but not sent to the printer This can be useful if it is required to hold back some jobs e g for processing during the night shift rather than during daytime Printing is restarted with the Spool amp Print option see below If you switch bac
349. interface programs if e g papif or from BANNER in the printer s spool directory The latter takes precedence if it exists The following special se quences variables in the banner file are replaced auto 354 11 The Print Server 11 3 The Print Server Programs papif matically by information about the print job see User and document names in print jobs in appendix A 7 1 EtherShare log files for related information U The user who created the print job set by For T Thecurrent time N The file name of the document C The number of pages in the print job P The logical printcap name of the printer H Host name n UNIX job title u UNIX user ID login name Please note that the code U in the above list does not mean Control U it means uparrow followed by an uppercase U With the Banner Page switch in the Ether Share Admin which sets the sh suppress headers flag in Jetc printcap you can determine whether the printer will print a title banner page before outputting the print job or not papif is the interface program for printers that support Apple s Printer Access Protocol PAP and are connected to the print server through AppleTalk papif is used for all PostScript PAP printers including photo typesetters and the Apple ImageWriter II and ImageWriter LQ 11 The Print Server 11 3 The Print Server Programs 355 psif
350. ipt in cludes a command to set the UNIX environment variable SESDIR to the EtherShare home directory by default usr local es Setting up configuration files Changing ESDIR variable in various shell scripts Performing symlinks from files in usr local es lib to usr lib Arranging for EtherShare to start automatically after the next reboot To install a shared volume we recommend that you choose the local partition from the following list with the biggest available free space Then use that partition s mount point the rightmost column as the prefix to the ethershare directory to be created Please make sure that volumes do not overlap e g do not make home a volume if you want to access your home directory under home username Filesystem Directory for shared volume usr ethershare Creating EtherShare configuration file usr local es conf atalk conf 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure 51 The crontab entry to periodically clean up EtherShare log files does not exist This entry will make sure that the Server acct and printer acct files will not grow without bounds Ok to create the crontab entry y Please note that ok to create the crontab entry may fail on hosts on which root privileges have been manipulated In case of failure please refer to the crontab manual pages gt Select item Install and configure AppleTalk kernel modules from the EtherShare Installation Menu
351. irectory this file will be used See psof in chapter 11 3 The Print Server Programs for more information The Accounting File switch determines whether the print server will write print job details such as the user name and the number of printed pages to the host s printer log file The user name assigned to the job is the one specified in the Macintosh File Sharing control panel The job will be as signed to root if no name is specified in File Sharing or if the name specified is unknown to EtherShare See User and document names in print jobs in appendix A 7 1 Ether Share log files for more information The Hide Queue option is used to create a printer queue that is invisible to the Macintosh EtherShare users This may be useful e g if you want to set up a queue for UNIX and PC users only With Hide Queue active this queue will be in visible in the Macintosh Chooser 144 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list Require Au thentication AppleTalk connection Printing to LaserWriter queues is password protected if the Require Ruthentication option is activated Thus print jobs can only be processed on LaserWriter queues after correct authentication This option affects all LaserWriter printer queues on the same server Please note that this fea ture is only supported by Mac OS 8 6 or later Now choose the desired Connection type for the printer queue The different types are explained below Choose fippl
352. is generated in PostScript by psof and printed before the print job The specified interface program includes the needed fonts resolves any references to external images if you have the OPT option installed resolves Include references see 11 7 Adobe Document Structuring Conventions transfers the job to the printer and waits for messages that may be returned It is also responsible for interrogating the printer s page count before and after the job If an error message is returned it is sent to the user by the UNIX system program mail Users who have Helios Mail installed on their Macintosh will receive the message di rectly on their workstation The user will also be notified by the afpmsg program which displays an error message on the Macintosh See mail and clientmessages in chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually and User and docu ment names in print jobs in appendix A 7 1 EtherShare log files for related information Several types of error message e g out of paper or pa per jam are also sent to the program syslogd which can be configured by the administrator in etc syslog conf to specify the route that the message then takes e g output to console This allows rapid response to those error con ditions that demand immediate attention If the Print Server determines that the printer has refused the print job completely e g due to a syntax error in the PostS
353. ith a write protect tab Otherwise you will not be able to mount them 122 5 EtherShare Admin 5 8 Volumes list Invisible is used to create on a specific server a volume that will not be displayed by the Chooser and thus cannot be mounted This may be useful e g if you are working with EtherShare OPI and want to separate your File Server from your Print Server in order to prevent users from working on the Print Server which is only needed for storing high res olution images and replacing images during printing The specific volume e g hmac must be available on both servers but users have to work on the File Server only in or der to avoid too much traffic on the network In that case you have to activate Invisible for the specific volume on the Print Server compare the illustration in figure 44 OPI File Server OPI Print Server layout generation image replacement hmac hmac X Invisible Macintosh clients Printers gt Fig 44 Applying the Invisible option to a specific volume With the checkbox Unicode UTF8 ticked the character set encoding for the specific volume is set to Unicode This provides a correct cross platform file name transfer partic ularly if the names contain special characters such as Um lauts between Macintosh clients PC clients provided that HELIOS PCShare is installed and UNIX servers on all machines the file names are displayed in the same way 5 EtherS
354. ith them again at a later date 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail 217 6 6 Sending mail New mail To open a new mail document you have to proceed as fol lows gt Open the File menu and choose New and New Mail as shown in figure 117 New Template will be described later in this chapter An editor window Untitled will open containing a header consisting of a blank To line and a Subject line Fur ther lines e g a Cc line in the header are optional their appearance depends on your settings in the Preferences dialog see chapter 6 3 3 Insert preferences E git Edit Mail Addresses Windows Help New Mail 3N Opens 0 New Template Clase ew New Template 36 Save Save as Save As Signature Save As Vacation Message Login SL Page Setup Print Quit Untitled Fig 117 Writing a new mail message gt Enter the e mail address of the addressee in the To line Alternatively you can choose To and optionally Copy to or Blind Copy to from the Mail menu to automati cally paste the recipient s mail address from the address book into the header of your message see figures 118 and 119 You can do this before during or after writing the message itself For a comprehensive description of the ad 218 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail dress book please see chapter 6 7 Using editing the ad
355. itserver operator because the following print job will not execute properly see appendix A 7 2 PostScript RIP INITs in the EtherShare Admin The EtherShare Admin can be extended with custom Post Script calibration tools which appear automatically in the Edit Initialization menu On request HELIOS will pro 5 EtherShare Admin 5 11 Printer menu 161 Edit Trailer Select PPD vide programming guides for developing such tools to type setter manufacturers The init sequence is stored in the SETUP file in the printer s spool directory Another way of defining a specific behavior during print ing is to edit the queue s PPD file This is described in paragraph Edit PPD below The menu item Edit Initialization can also be used to edit a queue s trailer i e to define a PostScript sequence that is appended to the print job If you press the Option key when selecting Edit Initialization the Trailer window will open automatically An example of a trailer file is shown in figure 74 Note that editing a trailer file also requires some PostScript knowledge ibm Printers ibm lw TRAILER Fig 74 Editing the trailer of a specific printer queue The trailer sequence is stored in the TRAILER file in the printer s spool directory The PostScript printer description PPD file contains a complete description of the output device as for example pa per margins resolution and PostScript Level compat
356. k Workstation Zone IP which allows data to be transferred between otherwise incompatible networks Thus the internet specification de scribes a hardware independent data protocol that lies above the hardware protocol such as Ethernet The inter net protocol IP however is only able to exchange data packets between computers The Transmission Control Protocol TCP extends this ability to allow processes to be addressed on the target computer and to improve the re liability of the inter process communication TCP IP has been implemented by all major software and hardware pro viders Token Ring is a network system which was pioneered by IBM It is based on a token passing system i e a logical ring but its topology usually is a distributed star see also chapter 3 5 Network topology A term used by Apple Computer when the AppleTalk pro tocol is used on a Token Ring network Any computer connected to a network for example a Mac intosh computer or a PC compatible computer running the AppleShare PC program A section of a network You need a router if you want to use two or more zones Note that the Macintosh s Zone menu may not be shown in the Chooser if you do not have zones Index ESDIR atechoping See atechoping conf Directory contents sssssssssssse 60 conf afppasswd See AFP user list conf afpvolumes See afpvolumes dicts Directory contents sssssss
357. k from Spool amp Print to Spool only the current print job will be finished on the output device and the printing will then be stopped again Tice Help Settings OPI ICC Settings Update Fonts Show Fonts Edit Initialization Select PPD Edit PPD Restart Printer Spool only E v Spool amp Print Fig 76 Choosing Spool only 5 EtherShare Admin 164 5 12 Printer job windows moving restarting and deleting jobs 5 12 Printer job windows moving restarting and deleting jobs Showing Printer job windows display the current job queue for the printer jobs selected printer The windows are updated about twice a minute The list shows the document name the user name the job size in the spool queue the job sequence number and the starting time and includes both Macintosh and UNIX print jobs compare figures 77 and 78 For related information see also the chapter 5 13 3 Printer Log File A printer job window for a specific printer queue is opened with a double click on the queue name in the Printers win dow or by highlighting the queue name and choosing Open from the File menu ibm Printer Jobs hold HELIOS mailing Promo E Admin Docu 1 25 08 1998 14 10 Uhr 666ibm Cl Admin Docu 2 25 08 1998 14 12 Uhr 667ibm u0124 desc txt 25 08 1998 14 13 Uhr 668ibm 25 08 1998 14 17 Uhr 669ibm 25 08 1998 14 24 Uhr 670ibm 25 08 1998 14 26 U
358. king Additional information about AppleShare IP As far as the other dialogs of the AppleShare Client Setup tool are concerned we recommend to keep the default set tings For specific questions you may refer to Apple s on line documentation Please note that for some configurations you have to specify the respective parame ter on both platforms the Macintosh and the UNIX server AFP 2 2 specifies the use of server notifications that avoid the client polling for changes on volumes By default the server checks for volume changes every ten seconds and notifies clients accordingly This is similar to previous AFP versions where the client did poll every 10 seconds If you have very busy volumes that change all the time however you may wish to specify another interval With EtherShare 2 6 you can configure the respective parameter on the serv er in atalk conf For example afpsrv volcheckinterval 60 The above command will induce the server to check every minute for volume changes which reduces the volume sta tus traffic to one sixth compared to previous AFP versions Please note that clients using workstation software older than 3 7 will continue to poll every 10 seconds Note Changes to afpsrv require stop atalk and then again start atalk IP access to the server can also be switched off completely if necessary You can use the noip parameter to deny the mounting of volumes via TCP IP afpsrv noi
359. l ways synchronize the modification date of the resource and data files even if only the data fork has been modified 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 287 fakeoffspring nogroup writeisowner The default if this switch is omitted is nofiledatesync no fakeoffspring afpsrv will return by default the number of offsprings entries in a subdirectory as 9999 while enumerating a di rectory This option can be turned off by using the switch nofakeoffspring Then the AFP call GetFileDirParms on a directory gives the real number of entries This feature is especially useful when folders containing many subfolders which on their part may contain many files are in use The Macintosh Finder or application pro gram will request information not only on files in the cur rent folder but in addition on files in subfolders although this information is currently not used Therefore this option may accelerate the opening and displaying of folders with many subfolders There are few Macintosh applications which rely on the ex act offspring count For those disabling of this parameter may be required The default if this switch is omitted is fakeoffspring no groupwriteisowner In the Mac OS file system only the owner of a folder or vol ume can permanently change the folder s layout e g sort ing order icons placement and label settings This feature has been added to allo
360. lSt iit eroe iP Polo 104 5 7 Groups liSt itii e Oa in dad 112 58 gt Volumes EE 118 5 9 Volume menu ssseeeeeneeeneeeen 129 5 10 Prriters list iio o EU MR OM e 136 5 11 Printer menu saartoi teiden n 158 5 12 Printer job windows moving restarting and deleting jobs creces rn Ea 164 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 168 521371 Fonts list ee 168 5 13 2 Active Users list and sending messages with the EtherShare Admin 170 5 13 8 Printer Log File esee 172 5 13 4 Server Log File sss 175 5 13 5 System Messages sss 176 ERC 178 5 13 7 Extension Mappings 179 5 13 8 IP Access oase a a 182 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files TT UE 188 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts sssssssss 190 5 16 Logging off from the Administration Server 194 5 17 Retrieving information about your EtherShare copy 195 Contents HELIOS Mall 2 52 ceret race nbn trato deerat ocu 197 6 1 General remarks sss 198 6 2 Starting HELIOS Mail sseeees 200 6 3 Setting Mail preferences ssseeesesessrreerrrrrrrrsrresrree 201 6 3 1 General preferences ssssssssss 202 6 3 2 Text preferences esse 203 6 3 8 Insert preferences esssssssrressrerrnnerrrrreseen
361. laris 2 E Ahad tess HS ER LU EL A 70 spooldirectory mailsrv seeeeennnnmm 433 Spooler Definition mee oe Med A 131 start atalk UNIX nennen enne 259 statusport atalk conf essssseeeeenne enne 390 irolez ioM B bg 321 stop atalk UNIX vracania iarria eii nennen nnns 259 sutffixes atalk Conf tete eret eerte 285 SWAOLUNDO ets P ME 260 symbolic link for each printer esssessseesssseirsssesrrrssrirrrnsrrrnnssrens 381 Symbolic links acido eet beer nace ioo ventless 274 Ee lu Re e Te EE 421 sysadmgroup admsrv eessssene enne 421 syslogd UNIX General explanation sese 20 System message file Checking the system message file sssssssse 62 System V printing system sssssssseeeee 149 T Tape Installation from tape 58 i i IEEE 319 TCP IP Definition iie o esee A 131 PostScript connection ssssssseeeeee 387 TCP IP stream protocol sessssssseeeeenenennnnennns 387 iege TEES 352 355 error messages eiit te race nubere etna ner ed i ner 495 tcpresolve atalk conf eeeeennm n 391 LOVIN CAD MET 446 Terminal Server See also termsrv Terminal Server and HELIOS Terminal 18 Igni 446 AE 443 error messages eet nate ae ER en Fo RE RR e praesen aei 470 termsrv UNIX error messages ede ende dna dd a a na
362. ler ers e g EtherShare Admin and HELIOS Mail can now be installed more easily using the new EtherShare Client Installer IP access EtherShare considerably speeds up with AppleShare IP ac support celerated clients EtherShare 2 6 supports AppleShare IP AFP servers were traditionally only available in local area networks The new AFP over IP transport allows connec tions to the AFP server from anywhere in the Internet To protect your site you might want to create an IP access list to restrict access to your server You can create such a list on your UNIX server but it is much easier to use the Ether Share Admin program instead It offers all options that are required for a standard access control 30 3 Introduction 3 6 New features of program version 2 6 Fast Finder copy Improved Find File by Name File locking Client messages Enhanced netconf program New vpoll utility EtherShare Admin via TCP IP EtherShare 2 6 contains a Fast Finder copy as available in AppleShare Workstation 3 6 This Finder is able to create and handle large data packages and thus is much faster than previous Finder copies You may now search files by name on the server within a reasonable period of time namely within a few seconds With former software versions Find File by Name some times took a few minutes or even longer File locking has been improved for AFP volumes For de tails
363. les to PostScript print jobs with the help of the pstext program The pstext program in the ESDIR directory allows simple ASCII files and files in nroff format to be printed on PostScript printers Since PostScript printers usually cannot accept print jobs consisting of flat ASCII data it is normally not possible to print UNIX program listings or to print from UNIX programs that only support a simple matrix printer The necessary conversion can be made with this program pstext can also check the print job for spe cial sequences starting with the ESC character which can be used to control simple highlighting features such as bold printing underscoring and different fonts The EtherShare Print Server is able to differentiate flat ASCII data from PostScript data automatically and calls pstext to convert the job accordingly Thus it is usually not necessary to call pstext manually See the nomagic parameter in chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually for related information pstext is started from the command line in order to con vert an existing file for printing or from inside a UNIX pipe in order to be able to directly print from an application with out having to spool the ASCII print output to disk pstext can be controlled with additional parameters in typical UNIX style The following is an example of a typical command to print an ASCII file pstext P lw profile 12 Text to
364. lhost EtherShare usually cannot co exist on the same host with AppleTalk software such as file servers from other manu facturers with the exception of Mac OS X Server and Linux You must uninstall all other AppleTalk software on the host before installing EtherShare and stop all related host processes 4 Installation 4 3 Preparing the installation 41 Depending on your hardware which affects the installation procedure the C compiler and the linkable operating system may need to be installed Printers may need to be configured Depending on the printer this is done for example with DIP switches front panel settings or with Apple s LaserWriter Utilities pro gram With some printers it is first necessary to unplug the serial interface cable before the printer s AppleTalk inter face will operate see the printer s documentation For se rial printers please also refer to chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually Notes about If you want to install additional HELIOS products e g installing PCShare or EtherShare OPI we recommend to install the other HELIOS programs on the server in a fixed order namely the order that is suggested by the installation menu on your current product CD ROM The following order is valid for the HELIOS products as delivered on CD ROM 015 products O install EtherShare 2 6 first O install PCShare 3 0 second O install EtherShare OPI 2 1 and or PDF Handshake third 4 3 3 X Driver Appl
365. lied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose regarding the Apple software Apple does not war rant guarantee or make any representations regarding the use or the results of the use of the Apple software in terms of its correctness accuracy reliability currentness or oth erwise The entire risk as to the results and performance of the Apple software is assumed by you The exclusion of im plied warranties is not permitted by some states The above exclusion may not apply to you In no event will Apple its directors officers employees or agents be liable to you for any consequential incidental or indirect damages including damages for loss of business profits business interruption loss of business information and the like arising out of the use or inability to use the Ap ple software even if Apple has been advised of the possi bility of such damages As some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or inci dental damages the above limitations may not apply to you Apple s liability to you for actual damages for any cause whatsoever and regardless of the form of the action whether in contract tort including negligence product li ability or otherwise will be limited to 50 0 4 Copyright information The following products which are protected by trademarks are mentioned in this manual HELIOS EtherShare OPI and PCShare are trademarks of HELIOS
366. lk script to stop the EtherShare process es You then need to run the ESDIR etc uninstall script to uninstall any kernel extensions which may have been ap plied by an EtherShare installation script After you have written down the EtherShare 1 x configura tion you must remove the complete contents of the Ether Share 1 x directory before you begin the installation of EtherShare 2 6 After the installation you can setup the new configuration according to your notes from the EtherShare 1 x configuration After successful installation a reboot of the UNIX server is required 46 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure At first we will describe the installation from CD ROM Instructions on how to install EtherShare from a tape are given at the end of this chapter During the installation you are guided by menu driven pro grams Most questions in these programs have a default an swer which is given in brackets You can accept this default by simply pressing ENTER or type an alternative answer If there is nothing within the brackets the system will ex pect an entry from you Important Please note that if you quit the installation before hav ing finished the complete procedure you will have to start with step 1 again when you install EtherShare anew Do not skip any steps you think you have al ready taken Important The following installation example describ
367. ll do clipping at 4 0 GB instead of 2 0 GB for volume free used space values Independent of the chosen clipping value there will be no difference in the amount of data that can be stored on that EtherShare volume see fig150 The older Mac OS 7 0 7 1 only supports network file system sizes of up to 2 0 Gigabytes the exact Mac OS 7 0 7 1 file system limit is 2 080 373 760 bytes If Macintosh clients with these older versions are still in use you have to adjust the afpsrv program s behavior with the option clip2g noclip2g is default As long as no EtherShare volume with more than 2 0 GB is defined the only penalty may be a wrong display for values of the free used disk space In case that EtherShare volumes larger than 2 0 GB are defined these Mac OS clients may not be able to mount any of the EtherShare server volumes any more Important The noclip2g option default should only be set for sites with all Macintosh clients running Mac OS 7 5 Otherwise Macintosh clients running Mac OS 7 0 7 1 will display wrong values for free used space or may have problems mounting volumes at all 308 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes clipping AppleShare client version Mac OS 7 1 2 GB 3 5 Mac OS 7 5 4 GB 3 6 Mac OS 7 6 unlimited 3 7 3 8 Fig 150 Volume size clipping EtherShare limits the number of concurrently used public and private volumes to at most
368. lled with out disk caching Accordingly in the following example which backs up the entire 2 partition to the tape streamer dev rmt O the dev rdsk prefix has been placed in front of the device name dump Oucstbf 560 12 126 dev rmt 0 dev rdsk c0t0d0s0 A 6 Data backup with dump and restore A 52 Note The program name dump originates from BSD style UNIX Under Solaris 2 the appropriate command is ufsdump under AIX backup For the appropriate commands on other UNIX architectures refer to your UNIX documentation You can use cron to automate data backup with dump Please refer to your UNIX documentation for details Using The easiest way to use restore is in interactive mode restore which you call as follows restore i f device You are presented with restore s interactive prompt which looks similar to the following restore Use standard UNIX directory related commands like cd and ls to find the files and directories you want to restore use wildcards and in the usual way Use the add command to add files or directories to the list of things you want to restore e g add helios adds all files and direc tories in the current directory which start with the string helios For Macintosh files do not forget to restore the re source files too for example add helios add rsrc helios Use the extract command when you have finis
369. lly copy or move operations may require more free space on destination file systems The following command modes are supported rm rmdir cp set mkdir touch upd remove a file or directory UNIX rm remove directory if empty UNIX rmdir move rename a file or directory UNIX mv copy a file or directory UNIX cp set or change the Macintosh specific file attributes list contents of a directory including Macintosh specific file attributes UNIX 1s create a directory UNIX mkdir create a file or set its access time UNIX touch force update of Macintosh volume view A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 93 chmod change or assign the mode of a file UNIX chmod chown set the user and group ID of a file chgrp UNIX chown chgrp idinfo display database information for the passed ID A 9 5 2 dt no argument If called without any argument dt prints the usage line Usage dt rm rmdir mv cp set ls mkdir touch upd chmod chown chgrp idinfo Calling dt with the command argument but no arguments prints the usage for the specific command e g calling dt rm prints Usage dt rm fir file Calling dt with a question mark prints the version in ad dition to the usage line e g calling at prints dt c Helios Software GmbH Version 2 6 0 Usage A 94 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5
370. log 366 MAING vi fades ye e e dece rdi eR E de di enu ra da xag eai 364 noauthenticate 370 noresolve vei aati eee reed iL Led cb Leda 366 OMICS PEDE RE 365 pu bliSh eege See ee Le ue Cea 369 Nie 364 ZONO PEE 365 papsrv UNIX configuring manually eese 371 iror MCSSAGES Em 468 General explanation sess 16 ul e EE 359 parameter ene iei ea beret abend 364 Parameter cleanorpharis 3 5 x Lei acta Sk A 340 looi 364 printer global aie tor text ERE dE D ERR SERE 372 EU n 340 TWODGSS TEE 340 passwd UNIX General explanation sesssssssssssseeeeenn 22 Password preventing changes 327 PC Requirements for DOS Windows workstations 43 PCShare DefINITON e E A 130 PCShare and EtherShare sse 15 PDF Bree A 130 Phase routing between Phase and Phase ll A 33 Phase Il Allee A 130 Example entry for Phase II network in atalkd 258 Interface ata en ko nt cit cal behets SE tetto e et t ael 257 TAONE TEE MX acc tse E REUNIR ere ror 28 poll Checking the installation with pol 70 poll UNIX General description of HELIOS poll sssssss 70 portmap UNIX Checking the portmap process sees 62 PostScript lS nere 160 PostScript coding character set translation
371. logy eeenm 27 3 6 New features of program version 2 6 29 Contents Installation esee nnne nnns 35 4 1 System requirements sse 36 4 2 General remarks seessssssseeeeeeene 38 4 3 Preparing the installation eesseeeeeess 39 4 3 4 Have your activation key at hand 39 4 3 2 Preparing the UNIX host neeesser 39 4 3 3 Driver AppleTalk AA 41 4 3 4 Preparing Macintosh workstations 42 4 3 5 Preparing DOS Windows workstations 43 4 3 6 Preparing upgrade installations 44 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure s es 46 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation AA 60 4 6 The client installation procedure ssssss 73 4 7 Uninstalling EtherShare 77 4 7 1 Deleting the Macintosh utilities 77 4 7 2 Deleting the EtherShare UNIX software 77 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer 79 EtherShare Admin esee 87 5 1 General remarks sss 88 5 2 Starting the EtherShare Admin sess 92 5 3 Logging on to the Administration Server 93 5 4 Setting Admin preferences ssssssssssssss 98 5 5 About list windows 102 Contents 5 6 Users l
372. low 100 as distinct from system users such as bin you must manually add a corresponding entry initially without password to the afppasswd file as follows 9 The EtherShare File Server 322 9 9 File Server utility programs username Then set up initial passwords with Change password in the Chooser or from UNIX with the password program SESDIR afppasswd afpmsg With afpmsg a UNIX user can send a display message to an AFP client with a maximum of 199 characters or to all users if logged in as root see fig 156 For detailed pa rameter information type a pmsg afpmsg f makes references to a file containing the actual message This may be required e g if you want to send a multi line message which is not possible with the nessage parameter only p isthe parameter for sending a message to a particular process id u isthe parameter for sending a message to another us er Examp afpmsg u dave Hi Dave this is a test Q ans 172 16 8 1 via TCP IP Hi Dave this is a test Fig 156 Example of a display message 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 9 File Server utility programs 323 If neither p is specified nor u and you are superuser the message reaches all users logged on to the respective server Note In order to avoid distorted display messages make sure the appropriate version of AppleShare client min 3 8 for the respective Mac OS starting with 7 1 and
373. lowing example will display the EtherShare Servers with the two names FileServer 1 and FileServer 2 each in the two zones EtherTalk 1 and EtherTalk 2 but not in the TokenTalk or FDDITalk zones atalkd if et0 30 35 140 EtherTalk 1 if et1 36 40 140 EtherTalk 2 if 2 tr0 41 44 140 TokenTalk 1 if fi0 45 49 140 FDDITalk 1 afpsrv name FileServer 1 name FileServer 2 zone EtherTalk 1 zone EtherTalk 2 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 277 localwinsize remotewinsize dsiblocksize EtherShare s afpsrv will recognize if you are already connected to the same EtherShare Server and automatically log in to the already existing connection localwinsize maxlpackets maxlpackets specifies the maximum number of AppleTalk data packets that are passed from afpsrv to workstations through the network during a transaction The number of packets may need to be limited if the buffer size in the workstations is too small maxlpackets can be varied to op timize the data transfer rate The default and maximum for maxlpackets is 8 remotewinsize maxrpackets maxrpackets specifies the maximum number of AppleTalk data packets that are passed from workstations to afpsrv through the network during a transaction The number of packets may need to be limited if the buffer size in the UNIX server is too small maxrpackets can be varied to op timize the data tran
374. lty print jobs e g due to PostScript errors or failed pre flight checks to an error queue In fact an error queue is basi cally also a hold queue The interface program holdif see 11 3 The Print Server Programs stores the print jobs for an adjustable amount of time before dropping it It has the following parameters 398 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually jobholdtime printers jobholdtime seconds seconds determines the time a processed print job remains on a hold error queue If seconds is set to 0 the print job perpetually remains on the hold error queue This parame ter is compulsory i e it has to be set with a certain value 11 6 8 Balancing print job loads You may direct your print jobs to a balance queue In a bal ance queue two or more printers form a group of printers from which the print jobs are shifted to a second or third printer in this group whenever the first printer is busy with a huge job The interface program for balancing print jobs is balan ceif see 11 3 The Print Server Programs It has the fol lowing parameter printers listofprinters listofprinters is a string which contains separated by commas and without any spaces the logical UNIX printer names of those devices which form a printer group for bal ancing print loads E g printers color color2 pro630 11 The Print Server 11 7 Adobe Document Structuring Conventions 399 11 7 Ad
375. luded This usually fol lows entries for the root and the system logins only to make sure that it is still possible to log on to the host in the case of a failure of the network connection to the Master 13 The Administration Server 13 5 Configuration with Yellow Pages 427 root 8c9373c57a229c7a 3 When the Yellow Pages system is being used the Admin istration Server automatically calls the program ESDIR etc yp update whenever user or group data are changed in order to update the Yellow Pages files The network con nection results in a slight additional time delay when mak ing such changes If you install your yellow pages using different directories to the ones listed above under admsrv you will also need to modify the ESDIR etc yp update script accordingly 13 The Administration Server 428 14 The Mail Server 429 1 4 The Mail Server 430 14 The Mail Server 14 1 General remarks 14 1 General remarks This chapter describes the function and configuration of the EtherShare Mail Server In conjunction with the HELIOS Mail application the Mail Serverallows workstations in the AppleTalk network to send electronic mail messages and files to other Macintosh or UNIX users on the network In coming mail is received in the background while you will be informed by a Mail Notification Feature You also re ceive EtherShare server messages such as printer messag es via electronic
376. ly send it on request Depending on the severity of the problem it may be neces sary to stop and start EtherShare services completely If you use shared volumes together with PCShare stop PCShare first and restart it only after restarting EtherShare Ifthe dealer cannot solve the problem he or she can contact the official HELIOS distributor in your country HELIOS has appointed distributors in about 20 countries you can find their addresses on HELIOS product brochures or on the HELIOS Web site www helios de Each distributor and HELIOS OEM customer is obliged by contract to have technical support staff who are experienced with HELIOS products Note The current HELIOS CD ROM provides a support questionnaire called es quest pdf which helps you have all important information at hand when contact ing the HELIOS product supplier or dealer 454 17 Technical support 17 2 Keys and updates Demonstra tion keys 17 2 Keys and updates All HELIOS products require an Activation Key or pass word to be entered during or after the installation With out the Activation Key the software cannot be started End user Activation Keys are dependent on the machine ID of the host and the EtherShare serial number The installation program will let you know your machine ID automatically Note If we generate a key twice for the same combination of machine ID and EtherShare serial number the second key may be different from th
377. m You should always verify the free space in the spool directory you choose because 5 EtherShare Admin 5 4 Setting Admin preferences 99 Window positions Background windows active Log on automatically the space requirements may be high during printing To verify the free space available go to var spool cd var spool andissue the af command Compare the free space value to other file systems by using the at command If necessary establish a separate file system for spooling Information about which windows are open and about their positions and sizes are stored in the Admin preferenc es file EtherShare Prep This allows you to arrange win dows according to your individual taste and have the arrangement retained between sessions However this only works if you have checked Save name in the Login dialog Background windows active specifies whether a back ground i e non active window should react immediately to a mouse click or whether the mouse click should initially swap the window into the foreground activate it When carrying out comprehensive work with a number of lists an active background window can save much time by allowing rapid selection Log on automatically specifies whether the EtherShare Admin should immediately start with the Login dialog or if you wantto choose Login from the File menu manually Save name also causes auto login The Log on automat ically checkbox
378. m but also allows the interface program to find the path to the EtherShare directory at the same time to obtain auxiliary programs it needs while printing Fur thermore in a situation with multiple printer queues this al lows each interface program to uniquely access its own configuration entry in atalk conf The following shows an example of the symbolic links used by three printers two connected via the EtherShare papif AppleTalk interface program and one through TCP IP ibm ls l if IWXI XIr X 1 root staff Jun 17 1991 20 01 papif rWXIrI XY X 1 root staff Jul 03 1991 20 01 psif rWXIrI XY X 1 root staff Nov 13 1991 20 01 tcpif Tf total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root system 8 Jun 17 1991 xw3 gt tcpif lrwxrwxrwx 1 root system 8 Jul 03 1991 lw gt papif lrwxrwxrwx 1 root system 8 Nov 13 1991 lwform gt papif ibm The necessary links are made automatically if you set up printers with the EtherShare Admin Lastly when creating printers with the EtherShare Admin the user of the printer dameon is set in etc printcap by default to ID 0 root with the flag du 0 This avoids er rors relating to permissions when printing especially if the print job contains external references to OPI images or Include comments This feature is associated with a slight security risk See the daemonuid parameter in chap ter 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program for related information
379. m Printers amp error E hold B iw B w8500 B printpreview printtodisk D D D D D D D D D G Bs ls Bs As Rs cc Fig 24 Four of the Lists windows for host ibm Note By default only a maximum number of clients i e us ers are permitted to work with the EtherShare Admin concurrently See also sessions in chapter 9 4 Pa rameters of the afpsrv program 98 5 EtherShare Admin 5 4 Setting Admin preferences 5 4 Setting Admin preferences Choosing Preferences from the Edit menu opens a win dow that allows various standard settings for the Ether Share Admin to be changed according to your individual taste see figure 25 The settings are stored in the Admin preferences file EtherShare Prep on your local hard disk whenever you click 0K in the Preferences window This allows Ether Share Admin to be configured individually for each work station Preferences Options L Background windows active O Log on automatically starting program BEEN User home directory usr Primary group macusers Spool directory var spool Minimum User ID 5686 Minimum Group ID 566 Language Engish 12 Fig 25 The Preferences window Technical note for system integrators The default spool di rectory is var spool Depending on the operating system and configuration var spool may reside on root 7 var or on another file syste
380. m the File menu to store your note on the server You can activate or de activate automatic sending of the message by selecting Edit gt Vacation see figure 129 File FIT Mail Addresses Windows Copy Paste Clear Select RII Unwrap Find Find Next Preferences Vacation Remove Deleted 3B Fig 129 Activating automatic sending of vacation message 6 HELIOS Mail 6 9 The Windows menu 233 6 9 The Windows menu If you have opened several windows and you are looking for a specific one use the Windows menu to see a list of all open windows and to bring the desired one to the fore ground The current foreground window is marked by a V see figure 130 amp File Edit Mail Addresses WICH Help Stack Windows Next Window Previous Window a ans Incomi ans Incoming det From Jan v ans Incoming Drucker in der zweiten Etage ans Incoming Lebenszeichen ans Incoming Re interface id AA22U9ZT TUE TU JUT 1997 15 35 77 T UZUU rq Received from helios helios de by ans helios de AIX 3 2 UCB 5 64 4 03 U id 4412902 Tue 10 Jun 1997 15 34 51 0200 Fig 130 The Windows menu ans Incoming Lebenszeichen F ans Incoming Beta web pages l Re Fr ans Incoming Drucker in der zweiten Etage 4 Re Fr ans Incoming HELIOS Server change Rd 4 E ans Incoming Fwd Re 0PI test W R pd From mark helios de Fri Jul 11 16 24 54 1997 04 ga Received from sgi helios de by
381. ma separated 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 279 nosortdirs connectlimit afpport ipaccess logdenied no ip Switches the AppleShare IP on or off depending on the set ting The default if this switch is omitted is ip no sortdirs This parameter sorts the directories coming from the server to the Macintosh clients by name The default if this switch is omitted is nosortdirs connectlimit connecttime connecttime specifies the time in seconds a Macintosh cli ent is allowed to stay logged on to afpsrv The default for connectt ime is 0 i e oo afpport portnumb portnumb specifies the port number for the AppleShare IP Apple s default for portnumb is 548 ipaccess ipaccessname ipaccessname is the name of the file containing the access list with the IP addresses which are permitted to log on to afpsrv The ipaccessname default is SESDIR conf afpipaccess no logdenied This parameter lets afpsrv append a record to the system messages if due to the IP access list access to one or more users has been denied The default if the switch is omitted is logdenied 280 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program xferlog homeipaccess homevolname idletime xferlog xferlogname If xferlogname is specified the file names of all edited written read saved etc files on the server are recorded and stored seq
382. mall maxrpackets can be varied to optimize the data transfer rate The default and maximum for maxrpackets is 8 term capname capname is the name of the terminal emulation This name is written by termsrv to the UNIX environment variable TERM on starting a new connection In the standard UNIX configuration the VT100 emulation i e a definition 446 15 The Terminal Server 15 3 Parameters of termsrv program banner of terminal control codes is defined in each of the files termcap and terminfo If you change capname to spec ify another emulation you must ensure that the new emula tion definition has been added to both files Whereas many programs refer to the termcap file an entry is also re quired in terminfo since under Solaris 2 some programs refer to terminfo like the editor program vi instead of termcap Note that the standard UNIX VT100 emulation is a subset of the VT320 emulation provided in HELIOS Terminal The default for capname is vc 100 banner bannerstring bannerstring isa string which is output to each Macintosh terminal whenever a connection is made and before the lo gin itself is started For example you can use this parameter to output a company trademark The following escape se quences are recognized within bannerstring oo n The host name of the UNIX system Nr A Carriage Return character n A Line Feed character f A Form Feed character
383. man Light Bookman LightItalic BrushScript Centennial Bold Centennial BoldItalic Centennial Italic Centennial Light Centennial LightItalic Centennial Roman Chicago Futura Condensed Futura CondensedBold Futura CondensedLight Futura CondensedLightOblique Futura CondensedOblique Futura CondExtraBoldObl Garamond Bold Garamond BoldItalic Garamond Light Garamond LightItalic NewCenturySchlbk Bold NewCenturySchlbk BoldItalic NewCenturySchlbk Italic NewCenturySchlbk Roman Fig A 7 Example of ESDIR psfonts FontDirectory A 8 A 1 Sample configurations A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory A 9 Appendix A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory The following directory listing shows all files created in the SESDIR file system after installation The ESDIR directory contains the install program which uses machid the AppleTalk protocol stack 66 atalkd all server programs afpsrv afppasswd papsrv psof papif psif diskif balanceif shmif holdif tcpif termsrv timesrv Ipd mailsrv admsrv desksrv etc the pstext program with its configuration file printer and server accounting files README file and some user utility and test programs atechoping rebuild dt start atalk stop atalk poll vpoll swho which uses stmp netconf and zones The SESDIR etc direct
384. maxlpackets can be varied to optimize the data transfer rate The default and maximum for maxlpackets is 8 remotewinsize maxrpackets maxrpackets specifies the maximum number of data pack ets that are passed from the printer to papif through the network during a transaction The number of packets may need to be limited if the buffer size in the UNIX host is too small maxrpackets can be varied to optimize the data transfer rate 380 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually The default and maximum for maxrpackets is 8 As described above a fully configured PAP printer requires an entry in both atalk conf and etc printcap The following is a typical atalk conf entry for a PAP printer papsrv name SilentSpooler print er Laserl Laserl entity Silentwriter Laser Writer LocalTalk The following is a typical etc printcap entry for a PAP printer Laserl WN lp usr local es lprdevdir Laserl WN if usr local es if Laser1 of usr local es psof sh imx 0 du 0 sf sd usr spool Laserl N af usr local es printer acct lf usr spool Laserl Laserl 10g This entry contains a few special features which are not normally found in UNIX printcap entries For example a network printer does not need a device file in the dev di rectory although the lpr spool system still tries to obtain exclusive rights to such a file Accordingly it is
385. mbers option of the installation script edits the EtherShare configuration by calling the routine ESDIR netconf We strongly recom mend that you configure your network connection in this way and not by editing the atalk conf file because netconf checks the validity of your entries and in partic ular the use of valid network numbers Note If required you may see paragraph atalkd in chapter 8 3 The AppleTalk protocol stack for technical details of network configuration parameters in atalk conf Start netconf with the configure AppleTalk network numbers Option of the installation script Alternatively if you have already finished the installation and quit the in stallation script you can start netconf with the following UNIX command cd usr local es orcurrent EtherShare directory netconf Important You should not run netconf from a terminal connec tion on one of the Macintosh computers Always run it on the host s console Otherwise you cannot stop and restart EtherShare after you have finished using stop atalk and start atalk because the stop atalk command would cut the connection to the server A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration A 27 The netconf startup screen shows the program s main menu see figure A 11 c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 NetConf Configure Adapter
386. me name is the name of the remote printer on the remote host as specified in the remote etc printcap file Example rprinter rlw The following is a typical atalk conf entry for a TCP IP stream printer papsrv name TCPSpooler printer Laser3 Laser3 host 192 9 200 1 service 4000 The following is a typical atalk conf entry for a Remote LPR printer papsrv name osiris remote spooler print er rml rml host ibm service printer rprinter lw The entry required by the lpr program in etc printcap for a TCP IP or Remote LPR printer is very similar to that required by a PAP PostScript printer The following is a typical example Laser3 lp usr local es lprdevdir Laser3 if usr local es if Laser3 of usr local es psof sh imx 0 du 0 sf 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 393 sd usr spool Laser3 af usr adm printer acct lf usr spool Laser3 Laser3 10g The interface program if specifies the logical printer name Laser3 instead of tcpif Laser3 is a link to tcpif through a subdirectory of the ESDIR directory Do not be concerned that the above entry does not contain the string remote or rm this is normal since EtherShare does not recognize that entry If the printer needs several alternative logical names they can be specified manually on the first line of the etc print cap
387. me the Macintosh volume Chooser will list all volumes grayed out and no volume will be mountable Not even root will be able to mount any of these volumes Note Each time such an error message occurs EtherShare has to be restarted by entering stop atalk and start atalk respectively otherwise the File Server is prone to improper operation 17 Technical support 468 17 3 Error Messages Make sure that the cause of this problem is solved before re starting EtherShare services afpsrv will now issue error messages on the client if the communication to desksrv fails and the volume falls back to read only access The message is Volname localhost RPC Timed out Only readonly access possible Under certain conditions an additional error message is is sued and the volume is unmounted automatically by the Finder Though this message is issued by one afpsrv client pro cess only it is likely that all other afpsrv processes may encounter the same problem and therefore the UNIX sys tem administrator should be notified immediately lock shm flock Bad file number afpsrv could not lock the Shared Memory segment file locktable This might happen if the file was removed us ing the UNIX command rm 17 3 5 papsrv error messages papsrv can issue any of the error messages listed above under 17 3 1 license error messages and 17 3 2 ge neric error messages as well as a few mes
388. mes must not include spaces 11 6 4 TCP IP PostScript connections PostScript printers which are connected via TCP IP are identified in the TCP IP network by their Internet number and service port These parameters must be known to the in terface program in order to be able to uniquely identify a particular printer The interface program for TCP IP PostScript printers is the tcpif program see 11 3 The Print Server Programs tcpif is called by the UNIX system program Ipd and extracts additional configuration information from the Jetc printcap file by using the logical UNIX printer name received from lpr as the key tcpif supports both the TCP IP stream protocol and the Remote LPR protocol TCP IP stream is the default Remote LPR is configured if the service parameter in atalk conf is set to printer or 515 You must specify the parameter rprinter printer_queue_name too Note Keep in mind that if you edit rm rp configurations in printcap manually EtherShare will not recognize them anymore TCP IP stream printers must be compatible with the EtherShare TCP IP stream implementation contact your printer manufacturer or HELIOS supplier see the HELIOS Web site www helios de if you are not sure about this 388 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually TCP IP stream allows bidirectional communication with the printer
389. min copies the font information from the chosen PPD file into the FONTS file in the printer s spool directory when the printer is created 390 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually host statusport When it starts each tcpif process first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its configura tion Printers can be set up if necessary by using an editor such as vi but we strongly recommend that you do this with the EtherShare Admin instead See also chapter 5 14 Edit ing atalk conf and other configuration files manually The following parameters can be defined for tcpif in atalk conf The parameter list is preceded by the logical printer name such as Laser3 which is assigned to tcpif by linking host inetno inetno is the Internet number of the printer in the TCP IP network or of the printer s terminal server if any inetno can be specified in the conventional way dotted decimal notation by using the character as a separator Alterna tively a host name from the etc hosts file can be speci fied here instead Examples host 192 9 200 1 or host osiris In the case of Remote LPR connections inetno is the In ternet number or name of the host which the remote printer is connected to no statusport This switch determines whether a separate communications channel for status messages with the address lt port 1 gt is
390. must be renamed before it can be used again The administrator should be particularly careful not to cre ate a volume with the same name as a user s home volume e g rita because the user will then no longer be able to access his her home volume any more The maximum number of network volumes that can be opened by Macintosh users on the File Server simulta neously is normally 128 Each open volume is only counted once even if it has been opened by more than one user See maxdesktop in chapter 10 4 Parameters of the desksrv program Note The Macintosh System 7 1 and earlier cannot handle more than 20 volumes simultaneously including local volumes although the Finder allows you to mount much more The maximum network volume size displayable in the Macintosh Finder depends on the EtherShare settings the EtherShare update level the AppleShare client version and the used Mac OS see fig 150 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes 307 Note Up to AppleShare client 3 8 Macintosh workstations Set allocation blocksize values dependent on the serv er s network volume size As of AppleShare client version 3 8 however Macin tosh workstations recognize the server s allocation blocksize value so that the used value in the Finder s Get Info states a more precise actual used space Mac OS 7 5 or later supports network file system sizes of up to 4 0 Gigabytes and EtherShare wi
391. n Note button applies to Mac OS 8 x and later only Please note that you may list these information using dt Is If you need to set type or creator info with non printable values you may as well enter these values as octal values with a preceding backslash V and use the follow ing escape sequences b backspace n newline Nr carriage return t tab f form feed NE escape A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 103 Examples Technical notes Please note that for both type and creator all characters in cluding 0 are valid Each passed creator or type must be ex actly 4 bytes long dt set t TEXT c R ch file sets type and creator for file using ASCII values dt set c 001 002 003 004 file sets creator for file using octal values dt set f mypic file copies type and creator from mypic to file dt set ai file sets the invisible flag for file dt set a i file clears the invisible flag for file When you call dt set for a file without a resource fork a default resource fork updated with the passed parameters is created even if the destination file does not lie in a Macin tosh volume A 104 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions Please note that dt set does not create a missing rsrc di rectory use dt touch first on the file name in order to force creation of a related rsrc subdirectory wher
392. n ment you can make several EtherShare Admin connections simultaneously to copy certain configuration data between two or more hosts EtherShare Admin is also available to other regular Ether Share users to allow them to inspect the current EtherShare configuration and printer queues but only designated per sons can make changes see Security who can use the EtherShare Admin below In order to use the EtherShare Admin the Administration Server must already be running on the host you want to con figure EtherShare is configured to start this server automat ically when the system is booted The Administration Server communicates with the EtherShare Admin through a custom protocol derived from the AppleTalk Filing Pro tocol AFP which was especially developed by HELIOS for this purpose and is transparent to other AppleTalk de vices or via a TCP IP connection which allows for manag ing multiple servers remotely and supporting concurrent AppleTalk and TCP IP connections Important With the EtherShare Admin version 2 6 you cannot configure a version 2 2 or older EtherShare The oth er way round a version 2 2 Admin cannot be used for setting up EtherShare 2 6 on the server 5 EtherShare Admin 5 1 General remarks 89 Other chapters in this manual describe how administrative work which is required to configure and maintain the EtherShare System can be carried out directly on the host e g with the help of a
393. n duh 470 parameters of eeeeseesseseseeseeeee nennen nennen 444 The file etc group iradon iaia ie enne nnmis A 5 Time Server JE EU le WEE 74 Token RING EE A 28 GharacteriZatlon oe een eiie ite ette 26 Rutt EE A 132 Network topology ergi trai etie ror teeth tne 27 TokenTalk Blutt el c A 132 translateany atalk conf seen 288 Hafe eu 169 U usd mp UI CT AT 319 General explanation sss 24 Uninstall See Delete UNIX group NIE 291 Preparing the UNIX host for installation 39 PELIS 291 UNIX File System essseesseseeneeeeenee nnnm nnne 301 UNIX file system UFS sse 266 UNIX file types editable by TeachText on Macintosh 272 UNIX VT100 emulation seeeeeemm 446 UNIX yellow pages AA 425 unixlocks AFP volumes eee em 303 unixshare AFP volumes AA 303 Updates Access to EtherShare server updates ususss 79 Installing updates for Macintosh applications 86 Installing updates necessary precautions 82 User interface of the HELIOS update installer 82 Using the HELIOS update installer sssssse 80 User names in print jobs Document names s A 57 without primary group
394. n entry for each user For the above example the AFP user list should initially contain the following two entries David Rita The encrypted passwords will be added later automatically by the File Server when you select Change password in the Chooser or use the ESDIR afppasswd program Groups are listed centrally in the UNIX system file Jetc group A group entry includes the group name group password obsolete the group number group id and a list of group members specified as user names not user num bers As already mentioned each user must be a member of at least one group his her so called primary group The use of a password for groups is only meaningful if us ers are allowed to access the UNIX server directly since in this case the user may be permitted to dynamically change groups after logging on and or add a new group to the list of assigned groups These features are not available for the EtherShare File Server since AFP does not currently allow such dynamic group changes A user is only a member of those groups which were assigned in the file etc group when he she last logged in 298 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups Guest access As an example a team of users who jointly work in a project group could have the following entry in etc group Projects 21 David Tim Rita The entry line specifies the group name Projects and as signs the group number 21
395. n of EtherShare 2 6 PCShare server processes can be started again Before you install the new EtherShare 2 6 version you should make sure that all Macintosh users are logged out from the EtherShare server and that there are no active print jobs The installation script will stop all EtherShare services in order to install the new software version successfully You should keep all existing files in your old EtherShare di rectory The EtherShare 2 2 configuration files in SESDIR conf are re used by EtherShare 2 6 if the new version is installed on top of the old version in the same di rectory The EtherShare 2 6 distribution differs slightly from the earlier EtherShare 2 2 version some data and program files became obsolete and will be moved to a directory SESDIR obsolete after a successful installation If you have changed any of the UNIX script files in the SESDIR directory for your old EtherShare installation you should make a copy of these files to integrate your changes into the new version 4 Installation 4 3 Preparing the installation 45 In case you implemented your own scripts or adjusted some of EtherShare s please verify these scripts immediately in order to assure proper operation of your scripts Updating from Due to major differences between EtherShare 1 x and v 1 x to 2 6 EtherShare 2 6 EtherShare 1 x has to be removed prior to the EtherShare 2 6 installation Therefore you must run the SESDIR stop ata
396. nces starting or whether it should first display the About HELIOS Terminal dialog box In the latter case you will then have to choose New in the File menu each time manu ally Use saved window location automatically stores the po sition of each session window when you save the connec tion settings as a connection document see later Connect on open specifies whether or not a connection at tempt should be made as soon as a window is opened If this box is not checked you will have to choose Open Connec tion in the Session menu each time manually If Connect on open and New window on start are both active when you start HELIOS Terminal you will get an automatic connection to the first host that replies If you have more than one host an easy way to make connections is to use connection documents see later Please specify the RDSP Tool and the UT328 Tool in the pop up menus Connection and Emulation respectively Note that the standard UNIX VT100 emulation is a subset of VT320 Refer to the appropriate documentation from Apple for more information on the VT320 Tool The pop up menu Language is used to select the desired di alog language for menus messages and screen prompts The default for this field is the language setting of your Macintosh system file If you change Language you must close and re open each window before the new language will take effect If you apply any changes to the Preferences win
397. nd other configuration files manually The following parameter can be defined for shmif in atalk conf The parameter list is preceded by the logical printer name such as shm1 which is assigned to shmif by linking key path path specifies the path including file name of the Shared Memory key file The file must already exist The RIP must be configured with the same path The RIP and the Shared Memory interface program use the key file s inode to create a unique numeric key and do not modify or write to the file in any other way Accord ingly any existing file such as bin ls can be used for this purpose See the description of ftok in your UNIX documentation for related information There is no default for patn The following is a typical atalk conf entry for a Shared Memory RIP 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 395 papsrv name shm spooler printer shml shml key bin 1s The entry required by the lpr program in etc printcap for a Shared Memory software RIP is very similar to that required by a PAP PostScript printer 11 6 6 Printing to disk You may want to automatically generate PDF files then you can print to files in a specific UNIX directory and in duce the Acrobat Distiller software to scan this directory regularly and convert incoming files to PDF The interface program which processes the print jobs is
398. nd you do not have an Apple Extended Keyboard you can use a program like Macro maker to redefine the function keys to your own choice of Macintosh keyboard shortcuts 8 The EtherShare System 251 8 The EtherShare System 252 8 The EtherShare System 8 1 General remarks 8 1 General remarks The EtherShare software can be subdivided into eight func tional modules The AppleTalk protocol stack with network routing File Server with Desktop Server Desktop Utilities Print Server with Font Server Text to PostScript converter pstext Terminal Server with the HELIOS Terminal program O O O O 0 0 Administration Server with the EtherShare Admin pro gram Mail Server with the HELIOS Mail program and HELIOS Mail Init O O Time Server The AppleTalk protocol stack forms the central core of the EtherShare system It provides elementary services for AppleTalk networks and is the backbone for the various EtherShare server programs The Font Server is implement ed as part of the Print Server see Font including in chapter 11 4 The Print Server in operation for information on this feature 8 The EtherShare System 8 2 System configuration 253 8 2 System configuration The main configuration file ESDIR conf atalk conf the most important configuration file within the EtherShare system contains configuration parameters for all of the EtherShare programs They all access this file w
399. ne Zone of len Accept Changes Fig A 18 Saving the settings in the interface dialog HetConf Version 2 5 8 c 1997 HELIOS Software classic AppleTalk Network Setup Inter face Start tnd Node Default Zone Additional Zones le8 18 18 142 Zone of ES lel Rutomatic configuration lt RET gt config dejactivate a auto on off help Fig A 19 List of interfaces showing the new settings for Te A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 36 A 3 5 Manual network configuration Figure A 20 shows the dialog for the interface le1 In that dialog we have entered two zones and have made the sec ond one the default zone by pressing the SPACE key c 1997 HELIOS Software classic HetConf Version 2 5 8 AppleTalk Network Setup Name lel New entry Zone of lel Start 28 Shared Zone for ES OAI End 26__ Default zone Shared Zone for leB8 1 1 Zone list lt SPACE gt selects default zone lt gt for help 2 entries Fig A 20 Adding zones to an interface and changing the default zone setting The final example configuration is shown in figure A 21 The configuration includes two interfaces with two zones each One of the zones is a shared one You can now press the ESC key to return to the main menu and then select item configure Zones to register the avail able zones see figure A
400. necessary to create an empty dummy file for each printer The neces sary file can be created for each printer with a command similar to the following touch usr local es lprdevdir Laserl 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 381 where Laser is the logical printer name This command is issued automatically if you set up printers with the EtherShare Admin The use of a separate file for each printer allows multiple printers to work in parallel Otherwise it is only possible for lpr to service one printer at a time The other feature is the interface program f which specifies the logical printer name Laser1 instead of papif Laser is a link to papif through a subdirec tory of the SESDIR directory The necessary symbolic link for each printer can be created with commands similar to the following cd usr local es ln s if name usr local es if xPrinter where i name is the interface program and xPrinter is the logical UNIX printer name for example ln s usr local es papif usr local es if Laserl or ln s usr custom if name usr local es if Laserl The if line in etc printcap entry then specifies the symbolic interface usr local es if Laser1 rather than the real interface 382 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually In this way the etc printcap entry points to the printer s interface progra
401. nfo n A 113 A9 6 dt warning messages e A 115 A9 7 Additional information A 116 A9 7 1 General remarks A 116 A 9 7 2 Macintosh files under UNIX A 116 A 9 7 3 Default resource fork handling A 117 A9 7 4 EtherShare and desktops A 117 A 9 7 5 mount points and auto mounter A 119 A9 7 6 Zero IDs A 119 A 9 7 7 Using dt for backup restore A 120 Appendix 10 Macintosh and Windows characters A 123 Appendix 11 Glossary eere A 127 Index Contents 1 About the chapters of this manual Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 About the chapters of this manual In the following we give a brief summary of every chapter of this manual These summaries are supposed to help you find the information you are looking for 2 Using the manual explains how to read and understand the manual The chapter gives information about the manu al version the structure of the contents and the meanings of font and syntax conventions 3 Introduction gives background information about net works in general and about the components that make up EtherShare For those who are already familiar with the product it explains the new features of the EtherShare ver sion 2 6 Installation on server and clients 4 Installation covers all questions that might arise during
402. ng a list of e mail addresses The list can be accessed by and main tained from HELIOS Mail You can use it to save time when you often mail to the same people The default for filename is ESDIR conf addressbook mailer mailerpgm mailerpgmis the name and path of the UNIX program used to send mail You should normally use the sendmail pro gram for this purpose In some cases you may need to use bin mail instead However you may encounter problems with the mail program such as lack of 8 bit transparency You need 8 bit transparency if you want to send mail con taining national accented characters such as Umlauts A character conversion table in the Mail Server allows you to send mail containing Umlauts to UNIX users too see chapter 6 3 2 Text preferences The default for mailerpgm is usr sbin sendmail no autologin If you check Save name in the HELIOS Mail login win dow HELIOS Mail makes a note of your name and the zone and name of the Mail Server you want to use see chapter 6 4 Configuring the connection Next time you start HELIOS Mail you only need to enter your password Furthermore if you log on first to the EtherShare File Serv er on the same host you will not have to enter your name and password for either the Mail Server or the Mail Noti fication Feature anymore This is convenient but presents a security risk if you leave your Macintosh unattended with volumes m
403. ng selected the server in ques tion Then the serial number in digits and the machine ID in hexadecimal notation will be appearing see figure 101 Another possibility of retrieving product information is to use the Admin s Versions option This feature is described in chapter 5 13 6 Active Servers 54888822 88824a748b Sgi HELIOS I ans HELIOS Il ibm amp HELIOS II Logout Fig 101 Getting serial number and machine ID 5 EtherShare Admin 196 6 HELIOS Mail 197 6 HELIOS Mail 198 6 HELIOS Mail 6 1 General remarks 6 1 General remarks This chapter describes the configuration and use of the Macintosh program HELIOS Mail which allows to send and receive electronic mail messages and files from other Macintosh or UNIX users on the network If you have a modem attached to the UNIX host and config ured for UNIX mail uucp or Internet mail SMTP you can use HELIOS Mail to communicate with several million users of this worldwide e mail system You also receive EtherShare Print Server messages paper out etc via electronic mail HELIOS Mail contains an integrated editor and an address book function HELIOS Mail is also provided with a Mail Notification Feature which displays a flashing mail icon and a notifi cation message and outputs a configurable sound if you re ceive new mail regardless of which Macintosh program you happen to be using at th
404. ng the scripts ESDIR stop atalk now followed by SESDIR start atalk Assure that the cause of this problem is solved before re starting EtherShare services 10 The Desktop Server 348 11 The Print Server 349 1 1 The Print Server 350 11 The Print Server 11 1 General remarks 11 1 General remarks This chapter describes the Print Server and its function configuration and operation This is followed by notes on the installation configuration and operation of printers 11 The Print Server 11 2 The Print Server Interfaces 351 11 2 The Print Server Interfaces As described in detail in the following the EtherShare Print Server supports 5 different output interface options plus the possibility of spooling the resolved print job to disk It can be considered as a kind of telephone exchange for print er connections as shown in Table 2 Input options Output options Job comes from Supported printer types AppleTalk AppleTalk Serial UNIX lpr TCP IP stream remote lpr through TCP IP Remote LPR Shared Memory Resolve and print to disk Table 2 Print Server input and output options Suitable configuration allows any combination of input and output option to be used 352 11 The Print Server 11 3 The Print Server Programs 11 3 The Print Server Programs The Print Server consists of the programs papsrv psof papif psif tcpif shmif diskif
405. ning message on every login if there are printer queues on the server that have not yet been assigned a PPD file Remember that you have to se lect the same PPD file later when you select the queue in the Apple Chooser The Print Server needs to have a list of resident fonts for each installed printer The printer s resident font list the FONTS file in the printer s spool directory is created au tomatically by the Administration Server by interrogating the printer when you first set it up The printer must be con nected and online for this to work A warning is displayed if the Administration Server is not able to make the font list for some reason for example because the printer is offline or busy with another job at the time see figure 68 It was not possible to get the printer s font list Please choose Update Fonts later with the printer online and idle Cx Fig 68 Message box No font list For all output devices where no fonts can be queried for ex ample Remote LPR Print To Disk or Balance queues EtherShare will rely on the font information provided in the 156 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list Changes made when you create a printer PPD files specified for these printer queues Make sure to select proper PPD files which contain current information for your output device If there is no PPD file EtherShare will fill in the default 34 LaserWriter Plus fonts Another possible ca
406. nnes 204 6 3 4 Header preferences AAA 206 6 3 5 Inbox preferences A 207 6 4 Configuring the connection sssssssssss 208 0 5 INCOMING MAI oret ERR Hr eerie 212 6 6 Sending mail seen 217 6 7 Using editing the address book 228 6 8 Defining a signature a vacation message 231 6 9 The Windows menu sese 233 6 10 Mail Notification Feature eeeeeeee 234 HELIOS Terminal ee ee ees 237 7 1 General remarks seen 238 7 2 Starting HELIOS Terminal sesssssss 239 7 3 Setting Terminal preferences ssssssss 240 7 4 Configuring the connection sseesssssssss 242 7 5 Copy and paste ssssssssssseeeeeeenn 247 7 6 Function keys enoe NENS 249 Contents 8 TheEtherShare System esee 251 8 1 General remarks sss 252 8 2 System configuration sssssssssssseee 253 8 3 The AppleTalk protocol stack sssss 255 8 4 Parameters of the atalkd program 257 8 5 AppleTalk stack utility programs 259 9 The EtherShare File Server sees 263 9 1 General remarks ssesssssseeeeeeen 264 9 2 The File Server programs seesseses 265 9 3
407. ns Extension Mappings OPI Server Settings PDF Settings IP Access Fig 55 Printers list on host ibm Each printer i e printer queue is shown in the list under its own unique logical UNIX name as specified in Jetc printcap Each queue also has an AppleTalk name which is usually not the same as the UNIX name The AppleTalk name is the one that appears in the Chooser un der LaserWriter ImageWriter etc alongside the names of any physical printers that might also be present in the same zone We recommend that you name your printer queues by adding spooler to the AppleTalk name of the 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 137 physical printer Thus you can easily distinguish between queues and printers in the Chooser see figure 56 Important You should always select the printer queue the spool er rather than selecting the old entry the physical printer in the Chooser for printing Due to print job spooling it is not only much more efficient to access printers through the printer queues but it also avoids the problem of long waiting periods that may occur if you try to access a printer both directly and through the spooler Select the correct spooler in the Chooser list and press the Create and Ruto Setup buttons to configure the printer EI Chooser B Select a PostScript Printer gi ans color spooler AppleShare ans lwB8500 spooler aviion colo
408. ns volume and can be installed using the EtherShare Client Installer which is described below gt You should save your work and quit all applications before using the installer because you will have to restart your Macintosh after successful installation O EtherShare Applications E El DO D Helios Terminal Time Server EtherShare Client Installer Fig 9 Items on the EtherShare Applications volume gt To install our Macintosh applications mount the EtherShare Applications volume and double click the EtherShare Client Installer compare figure 9 4 Installation 4 6 The client installation procedure EtherShare Client Installer Easy Install sl Click the Install button to install e Helios EtherShare Admin Helios Terminal Helios Time Seruer Helios Mail r Install Location Macintosh HD v mm on the disk Macintosh HD Fig 10 Installing the EtherShare Macintosh applications With the Easy Install option see figure 10 the installer program copies the EtherShare Admin program the termi nal emulation Helios Terminal and the mail program Helios Mail to the Apple folder of your client comput er If older versions of these applications exist in the Apple folder they will be overwritten The Helios Time Server will be added to the Chooser The result of Easy Install is shown in figure 11 below If you us
409. nstall updates and to stop and restart EtherShare commands stop atalk and start atalk re spectively some time after update installation to make the newly installed modules available You must stop EtherShare before you select the update installer s commit option Otherwise serious problems can arise Important We recommend to install the programs on the server in a fixed order namely the order that is suggested by the installation menu on your current product CD ROM The following order is valid forthe HELIOS products as delivered on CD ROM 015 install EtherShare 2 6 first install PCShare 3 0 second install extensions or add ons EtherShare OPI PDF Handshake Print Preview third Skip those modules which are not installed The items in the main menu can be selected by typing the first letter Typing s e g will highlight the setup item You can also use the ARROW keys for up and down navi gation within a list of items Press ENTER to open a pop up menu in case there is one available The ENTER key also activates the item that is currently highlighted Use the TAB key to proceed from one option in a dialog window to the next one e g from the cancel to the ox button 4 Installation 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer 83 The ESC key always lets you return to the start up window and the main menu which is shown in figure 13 The Setup To install new updates you should
410. nstaller CD ROM The machine ID of this computer is 00205420 63 EtherShare PCShare EtherShare OPI PDF Handshake Print Preview Install Updates Display readme txt Quit 0 AJO QN ES Your choice 8 gt For systems with kernel rebuild only If a kernel rebuild was necessary on your host you have to reboot now The EtherShare configuration is now finished Because we have now built a new kernel it is time to halt the system and reboot with the modified kernel If you want to add printers users groups or volumes read the book first and use vi or use our EtherShare Ad min application from one of the Macs The latter is much easier even if you are experienced with vi the famous Unix editor Do you want to reboot now y y After rebooting EtherShare will be started automatically 58 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure Installation from tape Note If it was necessary for the installation process to mod ify your UNIX kernel the old kernel version is pre Served as a copy with the same file name but a different extension e g noatalk The dialog of the install program will tell you whether this was neces sary or not and which file name was chosen for the old copy The files MKTAPE SH and README TXT on our CD ROM give a full description of how to make an EtherShare tape When installing EtherShare from tape you have to be logged in as root and enter t
411. ntcap specifies 8 bit communication and hardware handshake this is taken care of by the EtherShare Admin automatically you must also set up the printer ac 384 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually nobinmode cordingly and use a printer cable which is suitable for hard ware handshake Even with the correct setup and cabling please note the possible problems described under nobin mode below Some printers have front panel or DIP switches for adjust ing communications parameters and with others you can do this with Apple s LaserWriter Utilities program often supplied with LaserWriter printers Please select the print er directly when you use this program not a printer queue Since serially connected PostScript printers are uniquely addressed by the host s physical RS232 port e g dev ttyb which is specified in the etc printcap file the printer s address does not need specifying in atalk conf and thus psif does not always need an entry in this file The single parameter described below can be defined man ually for psif in atalk conf The parameter list is pre ceded by the logical printer name such as Laser2 which is assigned to psif by linking no binmode Even if your communications channel is set to 8 bit no par ity and hardware handshake bitmap images may still con tain binary information which inadvertently correspond to special control co
412. nts maxclients specifies the maximum number of worksta tions clients that are permitted to work on the file server simultaneously This value should normally be the same as the total number of Macintosh workstations that are con nected to the AppleShare server The value you choose should be less than or equal to the number of sessions al lowed by your software license The maximum tolerable number of workstations is dependent on the type of Macin tosh applications you mostly use whether they are file in tensive or client server applications on the configuration of your UNIX system and on its expansion stage The default for maxclients is the number of sessions al lowed by your software license locks maxlocks maxlocks specifies the maximum number of record locks that are permitted on the File Server simultaneously The default for maxlocks iS maxclients multiplied by 10 files maxfiles maxfiles specifies the maximum number of files that can be opened by the File Server simultaneously The achiev able maximum may be limited by the maximum number of open files for the afpsrv process allowed by the server This limit is normally set by afpsrv for itself automatical 282 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program findercache afppasswd ly In case of problems refer to limit and ulimit in your UNIX documentation for details about how to increase the limit man
413. o and tar are not capable of storing path names long er than approximately 100 characters This makes these programs unusable on Macintosh volumes which support much longer path names ufsdump is a backup program available on many UNIX systems which is characterized by high speed and by the fact that it is able to archive all file types Furthermore ufsdump only archives blocks in the file system that ac tually contain real data sparse files ufsdump is the rec ommended backup program for the EtherShare system Please refer to appendix A 6 Data backup with dump and restore for an example of using ufsdump and its companion restore See nofiledatesync in chapter 9 4 Pa rameters of the afpsrv program for related information 320 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 8 Data backup Automated backup Another possibility to perform data backups preserving a high grade of security is to save both the data and the re source file to the same destination e g streamer tape etc and not to split them up to different storage media The UNIX system program cron allows data backup to be automated Daily backup to tape can be carried out with minimum effort if the corresponding commands have been entered in the cron configuration table It is only neces sary to ensure that a tape with sufficient storage capacity is loaded in the appropriate tape drive 9 The EtherShare File
414. o be up to date In rare situations it may be neces sary to unmount and remount the volume in question in or der to let the Macintosh flush its cache entries Make sure that you are using the latest Macintosh OS and up to date AppleTalk Network drivers A9 5 13 dt chmod The chmod command changes the permission mode of a file The mode may be absolute or symbolic Usage dt chmod fRn absMode file dt chmod fRn ugoa rwxstugo file The following options apply f force do not complain if the mode change fails R recursively descend through directory arguments n change directory only not the files within the directory The default behavior of the dt chmod command is as follows A 110 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions Examples If a pure UNIX directory is changed the changes are applied to the directory only Else if a directory on a volume is changed the changes are applied to the files within this directory as well they are not applied to subdirectories The n option makes sure that the command is always applied to the direc tory only An absolute mode is specified using octal numbers 0 7 please see the UNIX documentation for a full description A symbolic mode specification is a comma separated list without any intervening spaces of symbolic mode expres sions of the form who operator permissions In order to adjust permissions to fil
415. obe Document Structuring Conventions The EtherShare Print Server system has been designed to meet Adobe s Document Structuring Conventions The fol lowing paragraphs describe some of the more important features Please refer to Adobe s Guidelines for a Distrib uted Printing Environment for more details ProcSet Queries are handled as follows by the Print Serv er program papsrv procsets sent by a Macintosh application with a print job are captured automatically by papsrv and stored in SESDIR dicts with a name similar to the original procset name If a following application needs the same procset it is sent from the ESDIR dicts directory rath er than transferring it again from the Macintosh to the Print Server via the network Certain PostScript comments are recognized and reacted on by the EtherShare printer interface programs papif psif tcpif shmif and diskif as follows IncludeProcSet IncludeResource procset If possible the specified procset will be included in the print job from the ESDIR dicts directory Otherwise you will get a warning message DocumentProcSets DocumentNeededProcSets DocumentNeededResources procset 400 11 The Print Server 11 7 Adobe Document Structuring Conventions All procsets needed but not supplied by the document will be included from the SESDIR dicts directory in the print job SsIncludeFont
416. om the EtherShare Admin results in a new admsrv process being created Accordingly when a number of users use the EtherShare Admin application at the same time a number of admsrv processes run simul taneously 418 13 The Administration Server 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program name zone 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program When it starts the Administration Server program admsrv first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its configuration The install program automatically sets up this file with initial values The values can be changed if necessary by using an editor such as vi See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually The parameters described below can be defined for admsrv in atalk conf note that the parameter list is pre ceded by the program name admsrv name netname name netname2 name netname3 netname is the AppleTalk NVE name of the Administra tion Server This is the name with which it is known to the network It is the name you see in the Chooser of the Ether Share Admin program Several names in a row separated by a comma are optional The default for netname is the name of the UNIX host Note The AppleTalk type of the Administration Server is not configurable The type is always AdminServer zone zonename zone zonename2 zone zonename3 zonename is the name of the AppleTalk zone to
417. on about balanceif settings re fer to Balance Group connection in 5 10 Printers list 11 The Print Server 11 3 The Print Server Programs 357 shmif Configuration balanceif forms the link between lpr and the balanced printer queues shmif is the interface program for PostScript interpreters software RIPs running on the same host which are able to communicate through a Shared Memory interface The RIP must be compatible with the EtherShare Shared Mem ory interface specification contact your RIP manufactur er or HELIOS supplier if you are not sure about this Print jobs received by the Print Server from a workstation on the network are processed and queued before being sent to the RIP through a common Shared Memory segment shmif forms the link between lpr and software RIPs If more than one printer is to receive print jobs from the Print Server each of them requires a new interface program task to be started Each task requires a separate entry line in the main configuration file atalk conf to specify among other things the printer queue s unique AppleTalk NVE name type and zone atalk conf is not allowed to have more than one entry with the same name i e the printer queue name must be different from printer name the Print Server otherwise could not access a unique configuration for a particular physical printer Accordingly it is necessary to start the in t
418. ore single references e g references regard ing included fonts etc you may set one or more of the fol lowing flags 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 375 ignoreprocset With the ignoreprocsetresolveopt flag set the next sec resolveopt ond EtherShare spooler ignores information about includ ed procsets only ignorefontre With the ignorefontresolveopt flag set the next second solveopt EtherShare spooler ignores information about included ignoreinclude resolveopt ignoreopire solveopt nice fonts only With the ignoreincluderesolveopt flag set the next sec ond EtherShare spooler ignores information about includ ed EPSF files only With the ignoreopiresolveopt flag set the next second EtherShare spooler ignores information about resolved OPI references only nice niceincrement The priority of a printer interface program compared to other executable programs on the Print Server can be al tered The UNIX parameter nice lets you increase reduce the priority and therefore the speed of a program The high er the priority of a program the less nice its behavior to wards other applications The values for niceincrement are as follows niceincrement gt Oslower nice towards other appli cations niceincrement lt Ofaster less nice towards other applications The default value for niceincrement is O About the current range of nice see the re
419. ork A Raster Image Processor RIP performs the final calcu lation of the data which are sent to the output device The RIP may be either an external unit or part of the output de vice itself A PostScript laser printer for example contains its RIP The top most directory on a UNIX computer is called root directory If you are logged in as root you can ac cess all other directories and subdirectories on the system A program or hardware unit which interconnects two or more networks or zones in order to transfer data in a bidi rectional way between them For example EtherShare can be configured as a router to interconnect a FDDI and an Ethernet network Software which provides services to a network such as printing print server or the storage of files file server In this book when we write Print Server or File Server in cap italized initial letters like this we refer to the EtherShare Print Server and File Server A socket is an addressable entity within a node connected to an AppleTalk network Sockets are owned by software processes known as socket clients A spooler is a set of programs which manage print jobs A spooler acts as a buffer for the files that have been sent to an output device A spooler may also be called printer queue An internet network is a virtual data network specification based on a packet oriented protocol the internet protocol A 132 A 11 Glossary Token Ring TokenTal
420. ort and printer queue and server accounting EtherShare is extremely fast with AppleShare IP acceleration The program includes the dt utilities which mimic the functionality of some major UNIX commands for handling files while maintaining the integrity of the desktop data base Furthermore the software comprises and automati cally installs HELIOS Terminal a vt320 terminal emula tion for Macintosh clients and HELIOS Mail a UNIX mail tool for Macintosh clients EtherShare 2 6 perfectly supports PCShare 2 5 or later the HELIOS software product for UNIX Windows networks and it forms the basis for the powerful HELIOS expansions EtherShare OPI 2 1 PDF Handshake and Print Preview Course of Our EtherShare 2 6 follows EtherShare 2 5 The new pro development gram version comes with a large number of improvements 0 6 Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 Contents of the software package License information What you have to do Details are given in chapter 3 6 New features of program version 2 6 Note If you need information about a certain update or up date level please check the distribution CD ROM or the HELIOS Web site www helios de Your EtherShare 2 6 software package includes an ISO 9660 CD ROM a software manual and an Activation Key Request form that serves to request the individual key kind of password you need to license and run the soft ware Your individual EtherShare 2 6 software activa
421. ory contains a script to mount un mount removable volumes mount afp two scripts used by the EtherShare Admin to update Yellow Pages informa tion yp update and to restart the papsrv restart pap some internal utility programs forall mkafp passwd the uninstall script and sub programs tem plates for the install program and sample files The conf directory contains the following EtherShare configuration files the public volumes list afpvolumes the optional AFP user list afppasswd the main config A 10 A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory uration file atalk conf the mail program address book addressbook the licensing file ethershare license the extension mappings file suffixes the EtherShare servers list servers and the IP access list afpipaccess The dicts directory contains corrected Apple dictionaries the HELIOS dictionaries and the dictionary for the Lino type color separation process The kernel directory contains UNIX drivers AppleTalk etc for various machine and interface types The macapps directory the Macintosh volume EtherShare Applications contains the Macintosh appli cations EtherShare Admin Helios Terminal Helios Mail and the EtherShare Client Installer as well as the Admin Plug Ins directory containing the Japanese localization plug in for the EtherShare A
422. osh If an individual user name is not yet configured you have to log in as root which usually is the name of the system administrator on a UNIX system To log in as root you have to know the root password When you log in for the first time you have the option of choosing Save name and or Save password If you check both you will not have to log in manually the next time you start the EtherShare Admin The name and password are stored in a hidden file on your local hard disk Important For maximum security do not use the Save password option If you have checked Save name the EtherShare Admin makes a note of your name and the zone and name or IP address respectively of the Administration Server you want to use The next time you start the EtherShare Admin you only have to enter your password If necessary you can log on to more than one host at the same time see chapter 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts Click 0K when all inputs have been made The EtherShare Admin then attempts to make the connec tion to the chosen server If your inputs were correct one or more Lists windows should now appear automatically un less you have changed your preferences as described later 5 EtherShare Admin 5 3 Logging on to the Administration Server 97 Figure 24 shows the EtherShare Admin menu and four of the available Lists windows File Edit Lists Printer Help ibm Volumes S EtherShare Applications ib
423. osh files by using the Extension Mappings feature in the Ether Share Admin This option is particularly useful if you are also using MS DOS networking software such as HELIOS PCShare on your server since under MS DOS the file name extension is typically used to indicate the file type UNIX file types such as Mailbox Text and Shell Script can be edited using e g TeachText Macintosh The File Server will recognize EPSF files and will apply the type EPSF and creator UNIX to these files for more 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats 273 File and record locking information regarding the recognition of PC created eps files see 5 13 7 Extension Mappings The icon is the same as used for plain PostScript files In older Ether Share versions these files were recognized as PostScript only and were classified type TEXT with creator UXPS Since these resources were already created the creator type combination will not be changed for existing files This applies only to files stored on the server by UNIX or DOS applications Macintosh files supply their own type and creator An automatic recognition feature for Adobe Acrobat PDF files allows easy access to HELIOS documentation provid ed in PDF format e g on the HELIOS distribution CDs You can mount our distribution CD on a UNIX server on a Macintosh or on a DOS Windows PC and open the con tained PDF files with Acrobat
424. osh volume the Finder copies all of the icons it contains to the volume s desktop file In the case of EtherShare the Desktop Server stores them in the Desktop database file after checking that the same icons are not already stored there If you copy documents of an application to your Macintosh without ever having owned the corresponding application then the icons may appear blank This is because the icons you see in the Finder are taken from the desktop file and not from the documents the latter simply supply the correct type creator codes Files created by UNIX applications do not have a resource fork In such cases EtherShare normally assigns icons to them automatically See Generic icons in chapter 9 3 Di rectory and file formats for more details When the Finder or an application needs to open a file in addition to looking for the specified file name in a named directory and volume a system option is available to open the file by a reference number instead This reference num ber is called the file ID The directory path too can be specified by its directory ID By using file and directory IDs files can still be found after a user has renamed or moved them This provides Macintosh users with a lot more flexibility than MS DOS users for example 10 The Desktop Server 10 2 The Desktop Server Program 333 Desktop rebuild This principle is used in the Alias facility introduced with Macintosh Syst
425. ost login process termsrv then re directs the host s input and output to the workstation via the net work 444 15 The Terminal Server 15 3 Parameters of termsrv program name type zone 15 3 Parameters of termsrv program When it starts the Terminal Server program termsrv first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to deter mine its configuration The install program automatically sets up this file with initial values The values can be changed if necessary by using an editor such as vi See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually The parameters described below can be defined for termsrv in atalk conf note that the parameter list is preceded by the program name termsrv name netname name netname2 name netname3 netname is the AppleTalk NVE name of the Terminal Server This is the name with which it is known to the net work It is the name you see in the Chooser of the HELIOS Terminal program Several names in a row separated by a comma are optional The default for netname is the name of the UNIX host type nettype nettype 1s the AppleTalk type of the Terminal Server This is the type with which it is known to the network nettype should normally be set to UNIXTerminal The same type must be set in the Connection Settings window of the HELIOS Terminal program The default for nettype is UNIXTerminal
426. ot be initialized s is an explanatory error mes sage License initialization failed License code init failed Mostly a lack of system resources 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 473 License read failed License file is seriously corrupted No valid license found No valid license could be found in the license file Invalid license The license found is not valid Printer not in printcap The printer does not have an entry the etc printcap file Missing spooldir entry in printcap The printer has an entry in the etc printcap file but lacks the information about its spool directory Preference does not exist A preference requested does not exist This is mostly an in formative message The following messages may appear while retrieving information from a printer s PPD file They mostly occur because of bad misformed or damaged PPD files Missing REQUEST object Missing UI object Missing KEY object 474 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages Missing group object Unknown attribute fseek failed fread failed Syntax error Wow a recursive error Error in error Invalid PPD file name Cant open file Syntax error Missing Error in the translation string Expected End key Unknown object Illegal use of attribute GROUP PROC Missing Key word Group proc expected 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 475 Mismatche
427. ounted even if you have quit HELIOS Mail others can start it again and have access to your mailbox without needing to type in any password Specify the noautologin parameter to force HELIOS Mail to ask fora 14 The Mail Server 14 3 Parameters of the mailsrv program 437 TCP IP pcmail port vacation password each time it is started This is similar to uncheck ing the Save name box in the HELIOS Mail login window but applies to all HELIOS Mail users on that host To make use of the noautologin feature do not forget to always un check Save password in the same window The default for this switch is autologin port 2001 or other value You have to configure the pcmail port The default port number is 2001 vacation file The UNIX vacation program is required if you want to make use of HELIOS Mail s vacation message option For details about the vacation program and the vacation msg file see the respective UNIX man pages 438 14 The Mail Server 14 4 The POP3 Server Configuration Sockets 14 4 The POP3 Server EtherShare 2 6 includes a POP3 Server so that it is possible to use a mail client other than HELIOS Mail with the Mail Server on the UNIX host In order to use this feature you have to activate the TCP IP Control Panel on the Macintosh client In the TCP IP setup window you have to specify how the Mac intosh allocates its IP address e g by Using DHCP Server This howev
428. p A 8 IP configuration Reference Part A 81 The number of AppleTalk sockets is still limited to 250 If you now use AppleShare IP connections for mounting EtherShare volumes you have the 250 sockets available for pap printers and adsp terminal mail connections A 8 IP configuration Reference Part A 82 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 83 Appendix A 9 The Desktop utilities A 84 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 1 Introduction License information About the product About YOU the potential users of the dt utilities A9 1 Introduction The dt utilities are not a separate product They may be used by owners of a full HELIOS EtherShare 2 6 license only This appendix describes the dt utilities which mimic the functionality of some major UNIX commands for handling files while maintaining the integrity of the desktop data base dt utilities also provide access to Macintosh specific file information from a UNIX prompt These utilities are meant for people who have some knowl edge about UNIX and Mac from novice to expert UNIX Macintosh users Important The dt program does not consider any file locking and can therefore also copy files in use In order to avoid damage consider this and make sure nobody is working concurrently on these particular files before manipulating them with dt A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 2 Do I need the dt utilities A
429. p a new printer in the Spool directory field make sure the directory already exists Minimum User ID and Minimum Group ID specify the low est number allowed for user numbers user IDs and group numbers group IDs This parameter is provided as an ad ditional security feature The pop up menu Language is used to select the desired di alog language for menus messages and screen prompts The default for this field is the language setting of your Macintosh system file or English if the local language is not supported If you change Language you must close and re open each window before the new language will take effect 5 EtherShare Admin 5 4 Setting Admin preferences 101 Saving your preferences EtherShare Admin also supports plug in modules that de fine new languages This feature allows additional lan guage localizations without the need to release an update to EtherShare Admin The first external module supports Jap anese To be able to access the new Japanese language module you have to mount the EtherShare Applications volume The Admin Plug Ins folder contains the external lan guage module see figure 26 and once you have mounted the volume Japanese will automatically appear in the Language pop up menu O EtherShare Applications E E x 7 items 42 3 MB available Helios Terminal Time Server Helios Mail Fig 26 Admin Plug Ins folder on the EtherSha
430. p is assigned to the user and the user is now a mem ber of the group Most UNIX hosts only allow up to 8 or 16 groups per user Please note that this procedure is only possible between user lists and group lists on the same host see also chapter 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts In order to delete a group from the user s assignments se lect the group and choose Clear from the Edit menu This operation should not be confused with deleting a group from the Groups list Solely the membership of the user in 108 5 EtherShare Admin 5 6 Users list Changing user passwords the group is deleted which is not the same as deleting the group from the system Any user must be a member of at least one group So if you delete all entries from the user s list of groups the user will automatically become a member of the group nogroup though the entry nogroup is invisible in the user s list of groups If you make any changes in the user data window they are only valid after clicking Save and only take effect with the next user login Provided that the changes have not been saved the Revert button can be used to recall the original data If an attempt is made to close the window without sav ing or reverting changes the EtherShare Admin prompts whether saving should be carried out or not When amending and saving user data the password is only changed if an entry has been made in the Password field Note that the Passwo
431. p this file with initial values The values can be changed if necessary by using an editor such as vi See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually The parameters described below can be defined for mailsrv in atalk conf note that the parameter list is pre ceded by the program name mailsrv name netname name netname2 name netname3 netname is the AppleTalk NVE name of the Mail Server This is the name with which it is known to the network It is the name you see in the Chooser of the HELIOS Mail program Several names in a row separated by a comma are optional The default for netname is the name of the UNIX host type nettype nettype is the AppleTalk type of the Mail Server This is the type with which it is known to the network nettype should normally be set to MailServer The default for nettype is MailServer zone zonename zone zonename2 zone zonename3 zonename is the name of the AppleTalk zone to which the Mail Server should be allocated This parameter determines the zone in which the mail server can be seen in the Chooser of the HELIOS Mail program The chosen zone must be 14 The Mail Server 14 3 Parameters of the mailen program 433 localwinsize remotewinsize spooldir one of the local zones that the host is connected to You can test this with the zones 1 program see zone in chapter 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program
432. pace Cannot release UO buffer to shared memory m A UNIX system call failed while accessing the Shared Memory buffer space 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 495 Cannot read from shared memory m A UNIX system call failed while reading data from the Shared Memory printer Cannot receive from shared memory 6m A UNIX system call failed while reading status messages from the Shared Memory printer 17 3 16 tcpif error messages The following error messages are issued by the tcpif printer interface program Cannot find protocol s The TCP IP protocol is missing in the UNIX system data bases Please check your UNIX network configuration Cannot find host Gei The host with name s is missing in the UNIX Jetc hosts database Please check your UNIX network configuration Cannot find service s for protocol Ge The service s specified in the UNIX etc services da tabase is missing or the service is not supported in conjunc tion with protocol Gs Please check your UNIX network configuration Cannot open socket m Cannot create a socket for TCP IP network usage This in dicates the failure of a UNIX system call 17 Technical support 496 17 3 Error Messages Cannot open reserved port m Cannot open a reserved network port to connect to a Re mote LPR Connect to printer s failed s Cannot connect to the TCP IP internetworked printer
433. papsrv name SilentSpooler printer lw lw entity Silentwriter LaserWriter LocalZone papsrv name TCPSpooler printer ps ps host 192 9 200 1 service 4000 papsrv name SerialSpooler printer Laser2 termsrv term vt100 mailsrv biff mailinterval 30 mailer usr lib sendmail admsrv name AdminServer sessions 8 Fig A 1 Example of ESDIR conf atalk conf The example for etc printcap see figure A 2 contains the required entry for the three printers lw ps and Laser2 The lw entry directs data to an AppleTalk printer via the interface program papif here lw A 1 Sample configurations A 3 afppasswd AFP user list usr local es if lw The ps entry directs data to a TCP IP printer via the interface program tcpif here ps usr local es if ps The Laser2 entry directs data to a serially connected PostScript printer via the interface pro gram psif here Laser usr local es if Laser2 etc printcap lw lp usr local es lprdevdir lw if usr local es if lw of usr local es psof sh mx 0 du 0 sf sd usr spool lw af usr local es printer acct lf usr spool lw lw log lp usr local es lprdevdir ps N if usr local es if ps 0f usr local es psof sh mx 0 du 0 sf sd usr spool ps af usr local es printer acct 1f usr spool ps ps log Laser2 lp dev tt
434. pe p PreferenceFile f valuefile value PreferenceFile is the binary preference database file to use If omitted the default file ESDIR conf Preferences will be taken Valuefile is apathname of a file to print a preference value to or read a preference value from If omitted stdout re spective stdin will be used Keys is a Single string conatining the key strings for the preference delimited by characters To set an OPI pref erence system wide the first key element is OPI To set a preference for a specific program the first key element is the name of the program for example opisrv To set a preference for all printers the first key element is If To set a preference for a specific printer the first key element is the UNIX name of the printer Please keep in mind that key names are case sensitive Value is the value the preference will be set to Type is one of the following and may only be used when setting a preference Type Value is bool TRUE or FALSE int a signed 32 bit integer value A 46 A 4 EtherShare utility programs uint int64 uint64 double ulist str strlist data an unsigned 32 bit inte ger value a signed 64 bit integer value an unsigned 64 bit inte ger value a floating point number a list of unsigned integers separated by comma a string a list of strings separated by comma The value cannot be taken from the command line and the
435. pings desksrv 2 5 0 OPI Server Settings diskif 2 5 0u0121 PDF Settings IP Access Fig 88 Program versions 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 179 Important For root and members of the SysAdm group the Versions window will be updated on call Therefore it may take a few seconds to open the window Regular users will get the information that was valid on the last start of EtherShare This information may be outdated Besides the program versions the Uersions window also provides information about your EtherShare interface and syslog configuration compare figure 89 Ei ibm Versions EtherShare Configuration Main AppleTalk configuration file The format is atalkd if et0 nif et1 nif et2 if fi0 51 55 142 H zones zone HELIOS zone HELIOS II Interface Configuration B l prgname parmzval parmz val with spaces flag E Fig 89 Extended information in the Versions window The information comes from the file ESDIR Versions 5 13 7 Extension Mappings afpsrv usually simulates Finder info such as file type and creator automatically for files without Macintosh resource The type of file is determined by inspecting the file s con tents This allows about 20 different icons to be shown for 180 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files non Macintos
436. plays the corresponding directory listing for this folder made with the UNIX program Is 314 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 7 Access privileges contracts Qq Where Helios Helios Software GmbH Connected As market a Privileges See Folders See Files Make Changes C Can t move rename or delete this item Name So Read only User Group f Write only Drop Box None Everyone Copy these privileges to all enclosed folders Fig 151 Folder access privileges in the Sharing window ls ld contracts contracts rsrc drwxrwsrwx 2 root wheel 1024 contracts drwxrws 3 market a marketing 1024 contracts drwxrws 3 market a marketing 1024 contracts Fig 152 Folder access privileges as seen from UNIX Only the folder s owner or the system administrator root can change the access privileges of the folder The 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 7 Access privileges 315 Creating new folders under UNIX corresponding fields and checkboxes are grayed out when another user asks for privileges information see figure153 O contracts H UO Where Helios Helios Software GmbH Connected As sam Privileges See Folders See Files Make Changes Cl Can t move rename or delete this item ilege imarket_a E CN d User Group Everyone Copy these privileges to all enclosed folders Copy Fig 153 Acc
437. plications Preflight conversion amp ICC Profiles E OPI Test Programme Fig 49 The Volume menu item AppleShare volumes contain a special invisible file called the volume desktop which is used internally by Ether Share It contains organizational information such as the icons you see in the Finder See chapter 10 The Desktop Server for details After a period of time each volume desktop tends to collect a number of icons which are no longer needed since the corresponding application has been removed from the vol ume For this reason Apple recommends to rebuild your desktop from time to time a process which scans the entire 130 5 EtherShare Admin 5 9 Volume menu volume for applications and makes sure that the desktop only contains icons for existing files You can rebuild your desktop for local Macintosh volumes built in hard disk by restarting your Macintosh while holding down the Option and Command keys However starting with System 7 it is no longer possible to rebuild network volumes in this way To rebuild the desktop of an EtherShare volume make sure that all users unmount the respective volume Then select the volume in the Uolumes list of the EtherShare Admin and choose Rebuild Desktop from the Volume menu see figure 50 You will be asked for confirmation before the process is started see figure 51 thie Help Rebuild Desktop Empty Trash Mount Preflight conversion
438. prep file This file contains definitions which are needed by pstext Instead of specifying an alternative prep file name in the command line with the e option as above you can set the name with the UNIX environment variable PSTEXT_PREP This avoids having to specify the e option See the d option below and chapter 12 4 Umlauts and special characters for more information about using and editing the prep file title titleis automatically printed on the top line of each page If this option is omitted pstext automatically prints the file name and the date on the top line 12 Text to PostScript Converter 12 2 Options 407 T 0 M n t P leftmargin leftmargin specifies the space to the left paper edge in points The default varies slightly from printer to printer and is approximately 20 points topmargin topmargin is the spacing in points from the top paper edge The default varies slightly from printer to printer and is ap proximately 14 points This option suppresses the title line You normally want to suppress the title line if you are using the pstext escape interpreter because you are probably printing with a more intelligent program which generates its own header in this case This option rotates the printed output by 90 landscape mode printing This option is used to print the date of the last modification to the file on the top line of each page
439. psrv checks very extensively for overlapping Ether Share volumes during each mount request If an already mounted volume does include or is included inside a vol ume to be mounted this will be grayed out in the Chooser volume list and an appropriate system error message which contains the names of the overlapping directories will be logged from desksrv Please make sure that no single public or private EtherShare volume overlaps any other EtherShare volume We suggest to establish a set of EtherShare volumes which serve your workflow well and are administered by the EtherShare or UNIX system administrator If in doubt please consult your HELIOS dealer to imple ment a safe volume configuration Volume names must be unique If the user or administrator defines the same volume name more than once the entry encountered last during user logon is ignored since no two volumes on the File Server can have the same name Other wise it would not be possible for workstations to uniquely access a particular volume The new volume must be given another name 306 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes Maximum number of volumes Volume size limits If the administrator installs a new public volume and a user has already installed a private volume of the same name the latter is no longer available in the Chooser when the user logs on to the File Server the next time In such cases the private volume
440. pstext e myprepl ps P lw testfile This command prints the file testfile using a new Post Script definition contained in the prep file myprep1 ps If you use a particular encoding table often instead of spec ifying the prep file name in the command line as above you can write the name to the UNIX environment variable PSTEXT_PREP This avoids having to specify the e option 12 Text to PostScript Converter 414 13 The Administration Server 415 1 3 The Administration Server 416 13 The Administration Server 13 1 General remarks 13 1 General remarks This chapter describes the function and configuration of the Administration Server In conjunction with the EtherShare Admin application the Administration Server allows the EtherShare system to be configured from any Macintosh workstation in the network in a secure and convenient way 13 The Administration Server 13 2 The Administration Server Program 417 admsrv 13 2 The Administration Server Program The EtherShare Administration Server system consists of the program admsrv It is created automatically in the SESDIR directory during installation EtherShare is con figured to start admsrv automatically when UNIX is booted admsrv implements administration server functions on the host and manages the communication with the Ether Share Admin program on Macintosh workstations Each new login request fr
441. pying a user to another host only the user name is copied but not the list of groups that the user belongs to When the new entry is saved the EtherShare Admin tries to preserve the old user ID if it is not already assigned to an other user When copying a group to another host only the group name is copied but not the list of members of the group In con trast when copying volumes and printers all parameters of the object are copied Note that in case you copy printer queues or volumes to another host the spool directories or 5 EtherShare Admin 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts 193 volume directories that are specified for the queue volume must exist on the target host as well Please note that it is not possible to assign a user to a group of another host Similarly you are not allowed to assign a group to a user of another host Furthermore it is not rec ommended and normally not necessary to copy user and group data to another host if your installation uses yellow pages NIS If you copy items between servers that have different soft ware products installed you will possibly not be able to save the items on the target server For example if you have set up a Print Preview queue on a server and want to copy this queue to a second server on which the Print Preview prod uct is not installed the Save button in the queue s Settings window will be disabled on the target server 194 5 EtherShare Admin 5 16 Logging o
442. r Private volumes are used to improve structuring and order ing of private files but it is generally better to use the Vol ume groups feature for this purpose because private volumes cannot be seen in the Volumes list of the Ether 326 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 10 EtherShare versus AppleShare Access privileges Available storage space on volumes Share Admin and thus cannot be readily managed or re built see Rebuild Desktop in chapter 5 9 Volume menu Note Many private volumes may require an increase of the maxdesktops value in desksrv EtherShare s de fault value is 128 Accordingly when changing the access privileges of a fold er volume file and folder attributes can only be set to the same value and you will need to close and re open the Finder s Sharing window figure 151 before you can see this If you need to change the privileges for a single file within a folder you have to do it with the UNIX dt chmod command When determining the available free storage capacity of a volume the AFP specification only permits interrogation of the root directory of a volume This assumes that the entire volume is present on the same file system In contrast under the UNIX file system volumes can ex tend over several storage devices which are installed at dif ferent UNIX directories mount points and physically located at different points on the network This mounted volumes fea
443. r Now you can do a Group Reply Group Reply including Letter and Group Reply includ ing Template 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail 227 Sending When you have finished your mail document you can now forwarding send it to the addressee mail Important The Incoming mail window has to be open i e you have to be logged in if you want to send a mail Oth erwise the send command will not do anything There are several possibilities of sending a mail gt Choose Send from the Mail menu to simply send the mail Mails that have not been written but received can be sent to further addressees using the Forward option When making use of this feature you should select Full Header in the Preferences dialog to allow the complete header of the original mail to be forwarded Otherwise it may happen that the addressee will only see your e mail address in the From line but has no chance of seeing the address of the person who sent the original mail gt To forward a received mail highlight the mail you have re ceived in the Incoming mail window or open it and then select Forward to or Edit and Forward first edit then forward from the Mail menu The address book pops up automatically allowing you to select the addressee s See also chapter 6 7 Using editing the address book 228 6 HELIOS Mail 6 7 Using editing the address book 6 7 Using editing the address book The a
444. r and members of three special groups are allowed to make 5 EtherShare Admin 5 1 General remarks 91 any configuration changes or delete and re schedule print jobs Members of the System Administrator group default group name SysAdm can do all tasks that the system adminis trator can do with the exception of changing user data for any users with a user ID less than 100 note the system ad ministrator has a user ID of 0 Members of the Printer Administrator group default group name PrnAdm can perform print job related tasks The additional Queue Administrator group default group name QueueAdm can change queue settings i e per form all tasks which are related to printer queue configura tion and printer queue management PrnAdm is allowed to delete a job move a job to another queue change a job s priority seta queue to Spool only Spool and Print restart a printer queue with Lists Printers Printer Restart Printer QueueAdm is allowed to e perform any task PrnAdm is allowed to do create change remove printer queues update fonts for queues download fonts to the EtherShare server adjust PDF Settings adjust OPI ICC Settings adjust Edit Initialization settings specify PPDs for queues 92 5 EtherShare Admin 5 2 Starting the EtherShare Admin 5 2 Starting the EtherShare Admin During the installation of EtherShare the install program automa
445. r AppleTalk devices or via a TCP IP connection which allows for managing multiple servers remotely and supporting concurrent AppleTalk and TCP IP connections see via TCP IP in chap ter 5 3 Logging on to the Administration Server The Font The Font Server is an integral part of the Print Server It re Server duces network loading increases throughput and allows central administration of printer fonts The Desktop The Desktop Server is responsible for storing icon and ap Server plication data for the entire EtherShare server and for man aging file and directory IDs for network volumes The Time The Time Server is provided to allow time synchronization Server between a server and all connected Macintosh clients 20 3 Introduction 3 3 EtherShare and UNIX programs and files syslogd 3 3 EtherShare and UNIX programs and files Many of the functions of EtherShare are aided by the high performance of the UNIX operating system and Ether Share is closely integrated with a number of the more com mon system programs and facilities in UNIX For example EtherShare often uses the UNIX programs lpr mail and syslogd All three programs are respon sible for passing information within the UNIX system it self and are used by EtherShare mainly as a medium of transport EtherShare also accesses the UNIX system files Jetc passwd etc group etc printcap and Jetc rc local syslogd w
446. r Lic AmericanTypewriter Lic D com am Hoon mm GaramBol GaramBollta Ki D SSeS Fig 81 Installing fonts on the print server Storing printer fonts on the server reduces the network load caused by font downloading from the Macintosh client You can copy the printer fonts from one host to another by opening both fonts lists and selecting and dragging the fonts see chapter 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts Of course you cannot do this with the printer s resident fonts 170 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files Note The PostScript fonts that come with the HELIOS PDF Handshake product cannot be copied between different servers 5 13 2 Active Users list and sending messages with the EtherShare Admin Rctive Users shows all users currently logged on to Ether Share Spool jobs and other connections e g PCShare us ers are also listed see figure 82 Open the Active Users window by selecting the respective item from the Lists menu Selecting one or more users and then choosing Clear from the Edit menu will kill their current server connection This is not the same as Users in the Lists window which shows all users with a valid account Note that only the user him herself the SysAdmin or root are allowed to clear a connection The Active Users option gets its information from the file SESDIR stmp See swho command in 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists an
447. r and then deleting the folder on the source volume dt has a similar task to accomplish For every file and folder within the directory to move first the object must be moved to the destination volume and registered in the des tination desktop Then the moved objects must be deleted from the source volume and unregistered from its desktop database A 98 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions Please note that any Macintosh files folders to which alias es are pointing will have lost their connection after suc cessfully been moved between volumes This would be the same if you used the Macintosh Finder for this operation If source and target directory are on different file systems dt mv copies the file and deletes the original any hard links to other files are lost Volume root for both source and destination is automati cally touched to announce the changes to any Macintosh that has mounted the volume Please note that whenever the destination is a volume the volume specific permissions will apply meaning that the file you have moved will automatically inherit the permis sions of the directory it has been moved to Usually if a file is copied to a directory without a desktop pure UNIX directory the file ID is set to zero When us ing the x option the file ID is maintained if possible Even though the execution bit of the data fork should be masked out according to the permission handling
448. r data for user michael on host ibm The window title shows the name of the Administration Server the window type Users and the user name The window shows the User name case sensitive the user Password field case sensitive the Full name of the user the Home directory of the user the Start program the Primary group and the list of Groups to which the user belongs Note that the latter also includes the user s primary group The Password field is always displayed empty this field is only used when the system administrator needs to change or define a user s password Note that users can also change their own passwords themselves with the Change pass word button in the Macintosh Chooser 106 5 EtherShare Admin 5 6 Users list Important You must not use accented characters umlauts in the User name Home directory or Start program fields It is best not to use them in the Password and Full name fields either otherwise your UNIX login will be different from your Macintosh login Moreover to be on the safe side your User name and Password should not exceed eight characters The Administration Server gets the user information from the file etc passwd with the exception of the list of groups to which the user belongs which is obtained from the file etc group If yellow pages NIS is installed the information is obtained from the appropriate yellow pages files instead It is now possible to
449. r list contains the same passwords but encrypted with a different method to that used by UNIX itself as follows During the logon procedure the File Server generates a ran dom number which is sent to the Macintosh The random number is then encrypted using the password that the user types in and sent back to the File Server At the same time the File Server encrypts the same random number with the password in the AFP user list before carrying out the com parison Even when this added security does not at first appear nec essary we still recommend it For example the danger ex ists that a particular system user entry in etc passwd such as bin also has access privileges to the EtherShare 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups 293 afppasswd file volumes In such cases the parameters minuid and maxuid can be used to configure afpsrv to only accept users which have IDs within a specified range This problem is avoided if an AFP user list is used since then only those us ers with entries in the list are allowed access to the Ether Share volumes If the AFP user list is active you will see the message 2 way Encrypted Password beneath the Password field in the Chooser otherwise you will see Clear Text Pass word The optional EtherShare AFP user list which specifies all UNIX users who are also EtherShare users together with their encrypted passwords is contained in the UNIX text file
450. r s resident font list is created automatically when you install a new printer with the EtherShare Admin program by interrogating the printer The list must be up dated with Update Fonts in EtherShare Admin if new fonts have been installed on the printer through font car tridges printer cache disks etc If your printer is not fully LaserWriter compatible and font interrogation does not work standard font lists for the Ap ple LaserWriter and the Apple LaserWriter Plus are sup plied automatically For Remote LPR printers the copying is done automatically if you set them up with the EtherShare Admin The FONTS file may subsequently need manual editing if your printer s font selection is differ ent from those of the Apple printers As soon as papsrv has received and spooled the entire print job the job is passed to the UNIX system program lpr lpr then queues it and passes control to Ipd Ipd is responsible for passing the job to the output filter psof and to the specified interface program such as papif which makes the connection to the printer itself lpd de termines how the printer is connected to the server by ex amining the entry for the printer in the system file Jetc printcap etc printcap also specifies with the sh 11 The Print Server 11 4 The Print Server in operation 361 suppress headers flag whether a title page banner is re quired If necessary the banner
451. r spooler aviion lw aviion test ibm color spooler ibm 1wa8S00 spooler AppleTalk Zones ibm opi spooler HELIOS 4 ibm preview HELIOS II Laserwriter Pro 630 ripr_alpha Active E AppleTalk Inactive Fig 56 Choosing a printer queue in a multi zone network Time Server Usually each printer queue is associated with a single physical printer However you may want to allocate more 138 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list Changing printer data than one printer queue to a printer for example to be able to select different printer initialization strings for the same printer see later In this case you will have several Chooser names for the same physical printer However each printer queue is always associated with its own unique logical UNIX printer name and etc printcap entry Note In the following the term printer is meant to encom pass all aspects of setting up a particular printer not only the configuration of the printer s network connec tion but also the configuration of the associated printer queues Changes in the printer configuration affect the files atalk conf etc printcap and in some cases the SESDIR directory for the purpose of linking the inter face program such as papif In order to change the parameters for a particular printer queue you have to open the data window that displays all available information about the sel
452. r this switch is unprotected 13 The Administration Server 13 3 Parameters of the admsrv program 421 sysadmgroup prnadmgroup sysadmgroup groupname The EtherShare Admin allows users with sufficient permis sions to configure the EtherShare system from any Macin tosh workstation on the AppleTalk network in a convenient and secure way For example it can be used to set up users groups volumes and printers and re schedule print jobs Normally only the system administrator is allowed to make any changes Non privileged users can inspect the configu ration and the print job queue but cannot change anything except delete their own print jobs Members of the special system administrators group can also use the EtherShare Admin to make any changes they like including printer configuration and sending AFP mes sages with Lists Active Users Message Message To All to all AppleShare users logged on to the EtherShare server However these group members are not allowed to modify any information on users with an ID less than 100 note the system administrator has a user ID of 0 The groupname parameter specifies the name of the special system administrators group The default for groupname is SysAdm prnadmgroup groupname Members of the special printer administrators group can use the EtherShare Admin to manipulate print jobs from a Macintosh workstation i e they are allowed to e delete a job mov
453. r user name and or user password on the Macintosh s local hard disk To improve security specify the nosavepasswd switch to disable the saving of user passwords in this way in which case all users have to enter their password manually each time they log on to EtherShare Note you can still change your File Server password in the Chooser in the normal way with Change Password The default if this switch is omitted is savepasswd Note The no savepasswd setting only works for Mac OS Version 7 0 and above minpwlen length The AppleShare selection in the Chooser on the Macintosh accepts passwords of any length from 0 byte to max 8 bytes Short passwords may represent a security risk A password of zero length is equivalent to no password Spec ify length as a numeric value between 0 and 8 To improve security a meaningful minimum value for this parameter is 5 minuid minuidlimit minuidlimit specifies the lowest number allowed for user numbers user IDs All users defined in etc passwd which have a lower user number than that specified by minuidlimit are not recognized as valid users of Ether 284 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program maxuid guestid homedir Share This parameter is provided as an additional security feature The default for minuidlimit is 0 maxuid maxuidlimit maxuidlimit specifies the highest number allowed for user numbers user IDs All u
454. ramme Server ans Zone HELIOS Backbone Selected Printer is Laser writer ans pro630 spooler Zone HELIOS Backbone Last fiverage Mw Create 100 Files 20 KB 0 00 0 00 sec Mw Open Close 100 Files 0 00 0 00 sec Remove 100 Files 0 00 0 00 sec Write 3000 KB to File 0 00 0 00 KB sec L Read 3000 KB from File 0 00 0 00 KB sec Lock Unlock 4000 Times 0 00 0 00 sec IS Read Directory 320 Files 0 00 0 00 sec dl Print 3000 KB 0 00 KB sec Number of Tests Tests left 0 Number of Users 0 Fig A 25 HELIOS LanTest dialog window The LanTest tool resides on the EtherShare Applications volume in the folder Unsupported After double clicking A 42 A 4 EtherShare utility programs logrotate on the program icon the LanTest dialog window see figure A 25 opens From the File menu choose Select Test Volume and con firm with the Select Uolume name gt button Before you start examining the performance you should state the type of your network From the Edit menu choose Edit Other Settings and in the upcoming dialog window select the net type you are connected to see figure A 26 Depending on the network specified in this window LanTest determines the test load i e the size of test files that are processed at a time Edit Other Settings amp Slower networks e g standard Ethernet Q Faster networks e g Fast Ethernet or FDDI Q Very fast networks e g
455. rd field is always shown empty even if the user has already been allocated a password On changing the password the EtherShare Admin prompts for the new password to be entered once again to ensure that no typing mistakes have been made see figure 31 Please repeat the password Password 1 Fig 31 Re typing the new user password 5 EtherShare Admin 5 6 Users list 109 Creating users The changed password is entered in the file etc passwd and in the optional AFP user list ESDIR conf afppasswd It is immediately valid but only takes effect with the next user login If yellow pages NIS is installed the information is changed in the appropriate yellow pages files instead Note that users can also change their own passwords them selves with the Change Password button in the Macin tosh Chooser A new user can be created by filling in a new user data win dow Activate the Users list and choose New from the File menu see figure 32 AUER Edit Lists Help New 38N Open 30 jbm Users Close W abelt Save As E adm annam L Quit Q daemon det frank hein juv Login 36 bin Logout bst Fig 32 Creating a new user entry The EtherShare Admin then opens a user data window which already contains some default values from the Pref erences window Fill in or change the fields as required compare figure 29 above 110 5 EtherShare Admin 5 6 Users list
456. rder to ensure that guests do not have access to protect ed applications or documents of other users the administra tor should assign the guest a primary group which has no other users or members Folders and files are protected against access by guests as long as access for the user cate gory Everyone has been explicitly disabled Since user volumes are only available for registered users a home directory entry for guests in etc passwd is ig nored by the File Server A user is removed from the system by deleting the corre sponding entry line in etc passwd The administrator should also check whether files in the user s home directory should be deleted or archived at this stage If the AFP user list is being used users that have been re moved from the etc passwd file should also be removed from the AFP user list This is done automatically if you use the EtherShare Admin to delete users If itis only required to prevent access of a particular user to the system for a short period or if removal is being consid ered but not yet decided the user can be disabled temporari ly by inserting an asterisk or any other character to the beginning of the encrypted password in etc passwd or in ESDIR conf afppasswd This causes password vali dation to fail preventing the user from logging in Note that direct UNIX access is still possible if only 300 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups
457. rdware being used With the help of an AppleShare 2 0 2 2 compatible client you can also connect IBM PC compatible computers under MS DOS or PC DOS version 3 1 or later to EtherShare EtherShare actively supports AppleShare connections from PC compatible computers and even takes care of former MS DOS file naming conventions EtherShare can also be used to centrally store MS DOS files and to access network printers from MS DOS based computers The following problem can arise when accessing Apple Macintosh files from an MS DOS computer on the Apple Talk network the Macintosh system allows up to 31 char acters in the file name whereas old MS DOS file names are in upper case only and consist of a max 8 character root 16 3 Introduction 3 2 Introduction to EtherShare and AppleTalk The Ether Share Print Server file name and a max 3 character extension separated by a period e g AAAABBBB CCC Furthermore Macintosh file names can contain any of the displayable characters from the Macintosh character set which is different from the character set of the IBM PC To solve this problem the EtherShare File Server automat ically checks and translates file names when PCs access Macintosh files through AppleShare Characters that can not be displayed on the IBM PC or are disallowed in file names by DOS conventions are replaced by the underline character _ and or a checksum and PC characters that cannot be displaye
458. re Applica tions volume Note that the languages that are included in the EtherShare Admin binary cannot be overwritten by a plug in module If you make any changes in the Preferences window they are only valid after clicking OK Click Cancel to close the Preferences window without saving changes 102 5 EtherShare Admin 5 5 About list windows 5 5 About list windows Window titles always show the name of the chosen Admin istration Server normally the host name and the function of the window List windows have a scroll bar on the right hand side to enable the list to be scrolled up and down Lists are available for users groups volumes printer queues Print Server fonts active users log and message files ver sions extension mappings and IP access compare figure 27 The items OPI Server Settings and PDF Settings in the Lists menu are only active if you have purchased and installed HELIOS EtherShare OPI or HELIOS PDF Hand shake respectively Otherwise they are grayed out 2 File Edit RRC Help Users Groups Volumes Printers Fonts Active Users Printer Log File gt Server Log File gt System Messages Versions Extension Mappings OPI Server Settings PDF Settings IP Access Fig 27 EtherShare Admin Lists menu If the required list windows do not appear immediately after logging on use the Lists menu to open the required lists manually
459. re Macintosh applications such as HELIOS Terminal HELIOS Mail and the EtherShare Admin You can start HELIOS Mail from any of the Macintosh workstations on the network by choosing and opening the network volume EtherShare Applications opening the HELIOS Mail folder and clicking twice on the HELIOS Mail icon Alternatively if you have installed the Macin tosh applications on your local Macintosh you can start HELIOS Mail from the menu After loading HELIOS Mail usually shows a copyright no tice see figure 102 unless you have changed your Pref erences see later and a new menu bar HELIOS Mail Copyright 1989 2888 HELIOS Softivare GmbH Version 2 6 8 HELIOS Fig 102 HELIOS Mail copyright notice 6 HELIOS Mail 6 3 Setting Mail preferences 201 6 3 Setting Mail preferences gt When you start HELIOS Mail for the first time you should initially choose Preferences from the Edit menu in order to specify your standard settings see figure 103 File TS Mail Addresses Windows Undo Cut Copy Paste Clear Select All Wrap Find Find Next Preferences Vacation Remove Deleted 3B Fig 103 Selecting Preferences from the Edit menu The Preferences dialog is divided into several sections in the left column of the dialog window you can select dif ferent types of preferences and thereby change the contents of the window respectively gt
460. re than one EtherShare host the Ether Share Admin can access several of them at the same time for example to allow configuration data and print server download fonts to be copied from one host to another Printer jobs cannot be copied between hosts To make multiple connections choose Login from the File menu as often as you need it The presence of additional Administration Servers i e hosts is shown graphically in the Lists menu by appending a to all entries e g Users rather than Users com pare figure 97 2 File Edit BERG Users Groups Volumes Printers Fonts Active Users Printer Log File gt Server Log File gt System Messages Versions Extension Mappings OPI Server Settings PDF Settings IP Access Fig 97 Lists menu when logged on to more than one host If you are logged on to more than one host on selecting any of the Lists items Users Groups Uolumes etc a new window will open to allow you to choose the host whose window you want In figure 98 Uolumes has been 5 EtherShare Admin 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts 191 Copying configura tion data from one host to another chosen in the Lists menu and three Administration Servers are active To open the required data window highlight the respective host and click on the Uolumes button Active Servers Sgi HELIOS I ans HELIOS Il hp amp HELIOS I
461. recent product version Select EtherShare OPI U2 8 8 Product i EtherShare OPI U2 8 1 Install path us A EtherShare U2 PCShare U2 5 8 POF Handshake 1 6 8 POF Handshake U1 8 1 Print Preview UT B H A To choose a product press return Fig 15 The Express Update dialog window The List The List Updates window is for information purposes It Updates lists all updates that are related to a certain product and in window dicates the state of each update This means you can see e g whether an update is applied already superseded or 4 Installation 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer 65 not installed compare figure 16 If you select an update from the list and press ENTER the update installer will dis play the corresponding update info text ate Installer Ul 1 Product WEtherShare U2 5 8 Install path usr local es State Codes A Applied C Committed Not installed S Superseded not Applied Not installable in current environment I H H H d H H 1 1 H H State Update Description i A uB181 OPI does not work on Level 1 check profiles and untagged H H I H I H d H H H H H 1 H I H uB184 OPI random image replacement errors without log entries uB186 pure level 1 RIP s could fail with a dictfull PostScript uB187 support of TCP transport of the AFP protocol AppleShare uB188 clip pa
462. refore requires a valuefile specified To get the current value of a preference only specify a key To set a preference value specify a key type and value to gether To delete a preference specify a key and the a option A list of recognized keys can be found in the file SESDIR etc OpenImagePreferences A 4 EtherShare utility programs A 47 A few examples To add a color alias for Process Black to Black for system wide use specify prefvalue k Opi ColorAliases t strlist Process Black Black To set the layout creator to UNIX for the opisrv pro gram only specify prefvalue k opisrv LayoutCreator t str UNIX To set the nice increment value for all printer interfaces to 10 specify prefvalue k If NiceIncr t uint 10 To set the Resolve All option for the printer lw only specify prefvalue k lw ResolveAll t bool true A 4 EtherShare utility programs A 48 A 5 Standard UNIX utility programs A 49 Appendix A 5 Standard UNIX utility programs hostname uname arp The following standard UNIX tools can help you when con figuring EtherShare and diagnosing network problems Other UNIX tools such as swho poll netstat 66 zones vpoll and machid are described elsewhere Your UNIX host name must never include a slash CT character for example my_rs 6000 It is best to use low er case characters onl
463. remember different passwords for Macintosh and UNIX logins Your UNIX host name must never include a slash character for example my rs 6000 See hostname uname arp in appendix A 5 Standard UNIX utility pro grams for related information Finder infos for UNIX files which do not have and do not need resource files are simulated automatically as generic icons by EtherShare EtherShare automatically recognizes about 20 UNIX file types e g shell script socket etc and simulates the Macintosh file type and creator even if the folder has no resource directory If the resource directory is already present EtherShare will create a suitable resource file too when the corresponding folder is first opened The resource file will be ignored by UNIX applications but al lows EtherShare to recognize the file type immediately the next time the folder is opened EtherShare also recognizes 270 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats TIFF and EPSF files but it cannot automatically create the PICT resource for EPSF files The following special UNIX file types are recognized directly the type and creator codes are shown in parentheses O O O O block device BDEV UNIX character device CDEV UNIX socket SCKT UNIX named pipe PIPE UNIX With normal UNIX data files the file server tries to deter mine the file type by examining the first 512 bytes of the file in order to place it into one of the
464. ress Delete Address Fig 125 The Address menu gt Enter the recipient s first name or a nickname in the Real name field and the users s e mail address in the Electronic address field see figure 126 Enter a new address Real name Elvis Electronic address Fig 126 Entering a new address in the address book When you use the address book you will also see all users of your UNIX host including root in addition to users you have included manually with the New Address func 230 6 HELIOS Mail 6 7 Using editing the address book tion See the passwd parameter in chapter 14 3 Parameters of the mailsrv program for related information Addresses of users reachable via uucp on other hosts are specified according to standard uucp conventions as user name hostname domain name Sometimes you need to specify them as hostname hostname username If you have already received mail from someone his mail header will usually show the correct address format to use pro vided that it has been set up properly You may choose Delete Address from the Addresses menu to open the address book for deletion Highlight the address you want to remove and click the OK button 6 HELIOS Mail 6 8 Defining a signature a vacation message 231 6 8 Defining a signature a vacation message Signature You can save your personal signature in a file and configure the mail program
465. ring is only virtual the token packet is passed in a pre defined sequence from one workstation to the next Network When installing the network cable it is important to make cabling sure that it is not installed with sharp bends or under ten sion It should be laid in such a way that it cannot be dam aged and it should be routed as far away as possible from powerful electrical fields Please observe the exact specifi cations of the hardware manufacturer The manufacturer s documentation contains all required information on admis sible cable lengths types of connectors to be used and other points to be noted 28 3 Introduction 3 5 Network topology Zones Phase II The AppleTalk protocol allows a number of physically sep arated networks to be linked together The separate net works can use either the same or different hardware standards The connection between two networks is imple mented with so called routers The special software that runs in routers is called router software Each separate network is assigned a unique network num ber zone is a group of one or more logical networks with the same symbolic logical name A device in the network is a member of a particular zone However a router be tween two networks e g between FDDI and EtherTalk is a member of at least two logical networks Furthermore in some cases two logical networks can co exist on the same hardware cable provided of course
466. rinter is idle before delet ing the queue For deletion activate the Printers list select the printer name and choose Clear from the Edit menu see figure 69 File MLS Lists Printer Help O ibmrPrinters El E B color amp error Fig 69 Deleting a printer entry The Admin then prompts for acknowledgment of deletion to allow it to be aborted if required see figure 70 Do you really want to delete Printer l 8500 EC Fig 70 Confirming deletion of a printer entry On confirmation the entry is removed from the window and the queue on the host is stopped The Admin deletes the configuration entries in the main configuration file atalk conf and in etc printcap and the corresponding link for the interface program will be removed if present 158 5 EtherShare Admin 5 11 Printer menu 5 11 Printer menu If you have selected a printer in the Printers list window or if the foreground active window is a window contain ing printer data an additional menu item Printer is avail able in the menu bar at the top of the screen see figure 71 The functions in the Printer menu only apply to the printer you have selected The item 0P1 ICC Settings in the Print er menu is grayed out unless you have purchased and in stalled HELIOS EtherShare OPI 2 1 and or HELIOS PDF Handshake Settings Update Fonts Edit Lists RJ Help Settings OPI ICC Settings Update Fonts Show Fonts Edit
467. rinter name see figure 72 File Edit Lists MAIGA Help Settings OPI ICC Settings ibm Fonts Iw Update Fonts AvantGarde Book Show Fonts AvantGarde BookOblique Edit Initialization AvantGarde Demi Select PPD AvantGarde DemiOblique Edit PPD Bookman Demi Bookman Demiltalic Restart Printer Bookman Light Spool only Bookman Lightltalic v Spool amp Print Courier Courier Bold A A A A A A A A A A Fig 72 Resident font list for printer Iw 160 5 EtherShare Admin 5 11 Printer menu Edit Initialization Edit Initialization is used to create or change a PostScript printer initialization sequence INIT for the selected printer For example you can use this to define a PostScript filter sequence to remove unwanted single and double Ctrl D codes generated by some MS Windows applica tions A suitable filter for this is shown in the example in figure 73 Usually each physical printer is associated with a single printer queue However you can allocate more than one printer queue to a printer which allows you to have differ ent printer initialization strings for the same printer and to select between them in the Chooser O gt ibm w nitialization E El 4004 cvn D def 40044004 cvn def Fig 73 Printer initialization string Note that writing INITs requires some knowledge of the PostScript language PostScript INITs must not contain the ex
468. riptor opened through the streams multiplexor dev ddp Berkeley based systems use file descriptors opened through the socket mechanism A 7 7 1 Loadable Drivers Solaris 2 x SGI IRIX HP UX 11 and IBM RS 6000 sys tems support a concept of loading drivers which can be loaded into the operating system during runtime In such cases it is not necessary to re link the UNIX kernel with new modules The start atalk shell script takes care of A 70 A 7 Technical notes A 7 7 AppleTalk kernel configuration Solaris 2 x systems IBM RS 6000 systems loading the driver when starting AppleTalk if the driver is not already loaded EtherShare uses two kernel modules on Solaris 2 systems aarp contains the AppleTalk Address Resolution Proto col streams module and ddp the Datagram Delivery Protocol streams multiplexor aarp is located in kernel strmod and ddp in kernel drv The installa tion procedure copies the files from ESDIR kernel to the kernel directory In addition the installation script adds a line to the etc minor_perm and etc devlink tab and files to get the proper link from devices pseudo clone ddp entry to dev ddp using the proper permis sions The drivers are loaded and unloaded by Solaris 2 x automatically no loading or unloading should be neces sary A long list of all loaded modules can be produced by using the modin
469. riter Zone up Name LaserWriter Pro 638 Ee Fig 58 Pop up windows help you when configuring printers The appearance of the printer data window may differ de pending on the connection type Please refer to paragraph Creating printers below for details about the fields and pos sible entries The Administration Server gets most of the printer informa tion from the files atalk conf and etc printcap gt If you make any changes in the printer data window they are only valid after clicking Save Provided that the chang es have not been saved the Revert button can be used to re call the original data If an attempt is made to close the window without saving or reverting changes EtherShare Admin prompts whether saving should be carried out or not 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 141 Creating printers gt A new printer can be set up as follows Activate the Printers list and choose New from the File menu compare figure 59 II Edit Lists Printer Help New E MOSS ETE F ibm Printers B B color Close W B error Save fis 36 ib hold H Login L iw Logout B 1wa8500 36 B printpreview printtodisk Fig 59 Creating a new printer entry The EtherShare Admin then opens a new printer data win dow which has already been partly filled in with default values from the Preferences window For all printer types the window show
470. rnative path here if one of your printers is not fully compatible to the Apple LaserWriter and needs other dictionaries and or prep files Normally all PostScript printers share the same files 378 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually The default for path is ESDIR dicts If you change the default you must copy HeliosDict and optionally the other dictionaries too to the new directory 11 6 2 AppleTalk PAP connections PAP compatible printers which are connected via Apple Talk are identified on the network by their so called Net work Visible Entity NVE consisting of the NVE name type and AppleTalk zone These parameters must be known to the interface program in order to be able to uniquely identify a physical printer Printers that support PAP include Apple s LaserWriter LaserWriter Plus ImageWriter II and ImageWriter LQ The interface program for AppleTalk PostScript printers is the papif program see 11 3 The Print Server Pro grams papif is called by the UNIX system program pd and extracts additional configuration information from the etc printcap file by using the logical UNIX printer name received from lpr as the key When it is started each papif process first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its config uration Printers can be set up if necessary by using an ed itor such as vi but we strongly recomm
471. rocesses show the name of the corresponding user You will see a Print Server entry papsrv for each con figured printer queue and an additional papsrv child pro cess for each active print job currently being spooled All papsrv processes are allocated to user root PCShare file server terminal server and print server func tionality is all implemented in a single pcshare master process which spawns a child for each mounted DOS vir tual drive terminal session and active print job All chil dren are also called pcshare 9 The EtherShare File Server 263 9 The EtherShare File Server 264 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 1 General remarks 9 1 General remarks This chapter is devoted to the EtherShare File Server The function the configuration and the operation of the file server is described Information is included to allow the ad ministrator to install users groups and volumes create folders and define access privileges Finally methods are described with which data on the file server volumes can be archived to mass storage e g a tape streamer 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 2 The File Server programs 265 afpsrv afppasswd program 9 2 The File Server programs The EtherShare File Server system is contained in the two programs afpsrv and afppasswd They are copied to the ESDIR directory during installation The server is nor mally configured to start afp
472. rpreter listening at this address TCP IP stream printers must be compatible with the Ether Share TCP IP stream implementation contact your printer manufacturer or HELIOS supplier see the HELIOS Web site http www helios de if you are not sure about this The CTRL D switch causes a Ctrl D character to be sent to the printer at the end of each job This is only necessary if the TCP IP printer is connected to a TCP IP terminal server via a serial interface See TCP IP PostScript connections in chap ter 11 6 Configuring printers manually for details Note that Remote LPR is another TCP connection type but it is not identical to TCP IP stream Choose Remote LPR from the Connection box figure 63 for PostScript printers that are connected to another remote host on the network via TCP IP Enter the name or internet number of the remote host to which the printer is attached in the Re mote Host field Enter the remote printer s logical UNIX name in the Remote Printer field The service port name is set to printer service number 515 by default The en try can be checked in the UNIX file etc services Remote LPR printers require more spooling space the size of the resolved job on the local host than TCP IP stream printers and they do not return status messages or answer font queries see TCP IP PostScript connections in chapter 11 6 Configuring printers manually for more details EtherShare s remote Ipr specif
473. rrent user To empty the trash of an EtherShare volume completely select the required volume in the Volumes list of the Ether Share Admin and choose Empty Trash from the Volume menu compare figure 52 There is no need anymore to un mount the volume before emptying the trash volume DEE Rebuild Desktop Empty Trash Mount Preflight conversion Fig 52 Empty volume trash 5 EtherShare Admin 5 9 Volume menu 133 Mounting removable volumes This operation empties all trash for the volume including the trash of those who are currently using the volume Ac cordingly you should warn logged on users before calling this function use the Active Users option to see who uses a specific volume Important You cannot empty the trash of read only volumes in this case Empty Trash in the Volume menu will be grayed out Note You can optionally select several volumes and thus empty several volume trash cans at the same time Removable media such as magneto optical disks and CD ROMs must be mounted with a UNIX command or prefer ably by using the EtherShare Admin before they can be mounted on the desktop with the Chooser To mount a removable volume select the volume in the Uolumes list of the EtherShare Admin and choose Mount from the Volume menu Removable media must be formatted with a UNIX UFS file system which is compatible to your host They will be unreadable if they are form
474. rrespond ing UNIX directory by inspecting the File Server s volume list from ESDIR conf afpvolumes IncludeFeature If possible the specified feature from the printer queue s PPD file will be included in the print job The printer interface program accepts messages from each printer while printing The messages are checked for error situations which are forwarded to the originating user ac cordingly EtherShare s automatic font downloader also supports all programs that print with Apple s QuickDraw driver or with native PostScript containing Adobe Document Struc turing comments TrueType fonts are passed transparently from the Macintosh to the printer through the Print Server but cannot be installed in the font downloader in the present version The Print Server also supports Linotype Color Separation Extensions the Print Server interface programs function as an ICS Included Color Separation includer A special PostScript dictionary LinoDict 1 0 is provided in SESDIR dicts for this purpose This functionality can also co exist with the EtherShare OPI option without con flict Please contact HELIOS if you need more details 11 The Print Server 402 12 Text to PostScript Converter 403 12 Text to PostScript Converter 404 12 Text to PostScript Converter 12 1 General remarks pstext 12 1 General remarks This chapter describes the conversion of flat ASCII text fi
475. rv program 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 7 Access privileges 311 9 7 Access privileges Access privileges called permissions under UNIX de fine which users are allowed to work with which folders and files Access privileges are assigned by the administra tor or the owner of a folder and always relate to the whole folder or volume if a user has privileges to read from and write to a particular folder the same privileges are available for all files contained in the folder Under Apple s Hierarchical File System HFS no access limitation mechanisms are available for individual files since the concept of user authorization is not known A file can solely be locked write protected to prevent unin tended writing deleting operations This attribute however can be disabled by any user at will Furthermore write pro tection is not available for folders Ina file server environment considerably more sophisticat ed access privileges mechanisms are necessary Apple s AFP specification for sharing files differentiates between four different types of privileges O Read amp Write O Read only O Write only Drop Box O None Read only specifies whether a particular folder is visible to the user If a particular file is visible it can also be read The attribute Read amp Write additionally allows modifica tions applied to the files in the folder Write only allows only files being dropp
476. rv seais anrai ENEA EAA EA 275 zonename mailen enne 432 Zones UNIX General explanation essent 72
477. s O UNIX information about the hardware and operating system O The version of all relevant HELIOS software modules see chapter 5 13 6 Versions and the name and ver sion of any Macintosh application software such as DTP programs or INITs you were using at the time O Details about your EtherShare configuration file atalk conf For printer related queries we will need details of your etc printcap file too O The type of hardware you are using and the operating system version use the uname command with an appropriate parameter e g uname a to find out O The exact wording of any messages that appeared on your screen and details of relevant messages in the fol lowing files Printer log file System message file O What happened and what were you trying to do at the time the problem occurred O How did you try to solve the problem Contents of etc passwd yp passwd we are only interested in the location of users home directories 17 Technical support 452 17 1 Support options For dt utilities related problems O Output of etc v fstab exports O Output of find name afpvolumes print find name Desktop print O rebuild s for every EtherShare volume O Incase any changes have been made to your initial EtherShare PCShare configuration we need the con tents of the current configuration files O Send the exact and complete command sequences you
478. s absolute path name in the error mes sage A 90 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A9 5 Command descriptions A 9 5 1 General remarks In the following command descriptions the knowledge of the functionality of the corresponding UNIX commands is assumed Please refer to your UNIX manual if you are not familiar with the commands If you do not need or want to know how the dt utilities operate you only need to read the main command descrip tion for each UNIX command which is emulated by the dt utilities The technical description following each command is meant for advanced users or system adminis trators and explains some details or the special behavior of the respective command With very few exceptions dt behaves identically on all HELIOS supported platforms Please note that therefore some platform specific options could not be implemented For all commands the standard UNIX permissions apply when accessing removing or overwriting a file dt checks each passed argument for the following names Desktop DeskServer rSrc These files are handled implicitly by dt and there is no need to specify them directly You should never move A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 91 copy or remove these files with other commands as e g the standard UNIX tools Do not manipulate them at all Note In the following the term volume is used for a direc
479. s from time to time for example to make improvements or to correct known faults HELIOS distributors and OEM cus tomers automatically receive the latest version in new ship ments An automatic software update service Software Update Service Agreement is available for endusers who wish to receive new major product versions and intermediate prod uct releases automatically This is implemented by shipping a single CD ROM containing the latest versions of all of our products The CD ROM will be produced whenever a significant new product version is released Customers not taking part in the update service will only re ceive replacement software modules if their installation does not function according to the claims made by HELIOS at the time of purchase For example if Apple upgrades its printer driver and this causes a problem with one of our products the solution to the problem will only be made 456 17 Technical support 17 2 Keys and updates available to customers with a service contract Other cus tomers can still upgrade their software when new major re leases become available by paying the appropriate upgrade fee HELIOS will inform all customers who do not have an update service contract about fees for upgrading existing installations as soon as new releases become available Another way to obtain the latest HELIOS software updates is called Internet Update Access which provides the cus tomer with the latest up
480. s shown in figure 0 1 Note that the commands that are re quired to open the menu are different on different plat forms That is why we have listed all of them in the CD s booklet After writing down the machine ID quit the menu again by entering the number of the Quit item here 8 and pressing RETURN HELIOS Software GmbH Networking Products Installer CD ROM The machine ID of this computer is 2beSffb 33 15 EtherShare 2 PCShare 3 EtherShare OPI 4 PDF Handshake 5 Print Preview Di Install Updates 75 Display readme txt 8 Quit Your choice 1 8 Fig 0 1 Finding out the server s machine ID gt Fax or mail the Activation Key Request form to HELIOS Software GmbH Steinriede 3 30827 Garbsen Germany Fax 49 5131 70 93 25 Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 0 8 Please note that O we only accept requests by fax or regular mail O in some countries the keys are issued by our distribu tors You should ask your dealer for details What you will On receipt of your request form we will generate your indi get in return vidual activation key and then send you an Activation Key Reply summarizing the data that are required for software licensing namely O your EtherShare serial number digits given in line Serial O the machine ID of your server hexadecimals given in line MachID O the number of clients you can connect given in line Units O your EtherShare Activation ke
481. s 240 Connect on open ssssssseeeeeeneeen enn 241 Connection 2 heeled etie et e EEN 241 HELIOS Terminal Preferences contin Emulation Jot RON e 241 le He RT 241 New window on start ssssssssssssssssrirssrsrrrssrrrrrssrrernsssns 240 Use saved window location eeeeessssss 241 Saving preferences ssssssssssssseeeeeeeen 241 tuell 240 Starting Helios Terminal sseeene 239 hidedotfiles atalk conf seemm 288 Hierarchical File System HFS sss 266 VOIGT tes Sees a E cedet dn deser x EAS 352 356 Home directory Detihition oti e EO SML A 129 home directory EE 295 home directory entry enne 299 home volume name essent enne 304 homeipaccess atalk conf sse 280 homevolname atalk conf see 280 Host Brun Ix A 129 host atalk cori eegene e eine edes iex 390 host s name and internet address A A 49 hostname UNIX uname UNIX arp UNIX A 49 l IBM PC extended ASCII code ssssseee 412 IBM RS 6000 boet sse A 28 Icon Finder file con sssssssssssssssssnsnrennstessterntinnnnsrnsnresrtnnnnnnnn nenne 266 Generic ICONS iuc cete e dd dete on Bde Deeg 269 VOIUITie dalg cta ecc sed ete p 331 ICS Included Color Separation ssssssssssss 401 idletime atalk conf monseiner aiaia Eae 280 idlewarntime atalk conf
482. s all related files and the product specific installa tion program to the local disk of your UNIX computer Then the product specific installation program here install is started automatically by the install sh pro gram and guides you through the installation procedure If required install can be started again at any time from the local disk HELIOS issues EtherShare updates every now and then to enhance the product These updates are distributed via the HELIOS Web server www helios de and they are included on every HELIOS CD ROM The installation procedure for software updates is described in chapter 4 8 Installing up dates using the HELIOS update installer 4 Installation 4 3 Preparing the installation 39 4 3 Preparing the installation 4 3 1 Have your activation key at hand You cannot start the EtherShare software without a soft ware activation key kind of password The key has to be entered during the installation procedure on your host com puter In case you have no activation key at hand please follow the instructions given in paragraphs License informa tion and What you have to do in the chapter Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 at the beginning of this manual Note If you do not enter any Activation Key the HELIOS product you have installed will run in a 3 hour demo mode only Under certain conditions HELIOS issues so called demo licenses If you are entitled to get a demo license you will r
483. s that have been sent to this specific printer queue are printed and stored for a given period of time in the connected hold error queue They can be restart ed even if the application that has initially launched the job has already been closed All correct print jobs automati cally proceed to the hold queue after printing Whenever a mistake has occurred during printing however the print job will be shifted to the error queue as long as hold and error queues have been specified in the pull down menus This holds true for technical mistakes e g if the connection to the printer has been interrupted and for errors that are 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 143 Banner page Accounting File Hide Queue due to a specific configuration e g if you have defined Check Images for an OPI printer queue and the print server cannot find a particular image file that has been placed in the document by reference The setting up of hold and error queues is described later in this chapter The Banner Page switch determines whether the printer will print a title banner page before outputting the print job The banner page contains information about the print job such as the user name the time and the document name It is useful when sorting out a pile of pages if a number of users have been printing at the same time The banner page is generated automatically If a file named BANNER ex ists in the printer s spool d
484. s the logical UNIX Printer Name for the printer queue the AppleTalk NVE name and the printer s Spool Directory The NVE name is the name by which the printer queue is known to the Apple Talk network the Chooser Name First type in the required logical UNIX name for the printer queue Printer Name and also the associated AppleTalk name Chooser Name 142 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list When typing in the Printer Name a suggested Spool Di rectory is automatically filled into the corresponding field The default suggestion can be changed if required The Spool Directory field specifies the directory in the UNIX file system where print jobs are to be temporarily stored before they are sent to the printer If required the spool directory can be set to swap out the spool files to other file systems hard disks but you should avoid NFS mount ed spool directories because of the performance loss Note that the spool directory must be unique for each printer and that it is recommended to check whether there is enough free space in the directory you choose Note Make sure a directory path already exists since the EtherShare Admin will only create the last subdirecto ry e g PrintToDisk You can then define a Hold Queue and or an Error Queue for your current printer queue Usually print jobs vanish after they have been sent to the output device Hold and error queues act as a kind of ar chive All print job
485. s where EtherShare is installed for example if you have added a new router you can use netconf again to reconfigure the network connec tion at a later date without re installing EtherShare To do this stop EtherShare from the host s console using the stop atalk command start the install program and se lect menu item Configure AppleTalk network numbers The connections will be active as soon as you restart Ether Share with start atalk A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 40 A 3 5 Manual network configuration If you have chosen the Automatic configuration option rather than manual configuration with netconf all you need to do is stop EtherShare with stop atalk and restart it again EtherShare s AppleTalk protocol stack will in terrogate the network numbers and zone information again when it re loads A 4 EtherShare utility programs A 41 Appendix A 4 EtherShare utility programs HELIOS LanTest The following utility programs are provided with Ether Share HELIOS LanTest is a tool for testing and measuring the performance of AppleShare services It offers detailed AppleTalk network evaluations for file and record locking as well as for many typical file system operations LanTest results can be used for finding bottlenecks for trouble shooting or just for maintenance purposes D HELIOS LanTest 2 5 1 E Selected Volume is Prog
486. sages related to the spooling system and to the communication with the cli ent 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 469 SLInit failed for entity 96s s chdir 96s 96m papsrv could not register its name on the network This is because the name in the Chooser specified by name in atalk conf is already being used by another printer or spooler on the network papsrv could not change its current directory to the spool directory Check if the directory specified in the printcap entry really exists and the spelling is correct opening dir 96s m 96s YM execl 96s m papsrv cannot scan the dicts directory for PostScript dictionaries Check that the ESDIR dicts directory ex ists or the dictdir parameter in atalk conf points to the appropriate directory If s is an argument to a filtercmd parameter speci fied in atalk conf then it could not be executed Check the syntax it has to be a valid shell command papsrv could not execute the program s This pro gram may be an argument to a filter or lpr parame ters in atalk conf open tmp file s m papsrv could not open the temporary spool file in the spool directory Check the free space blocks and inodes on the disk containing the spool directory 470 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 17 3 6 termsrv mailsrv and admsrv error messages 66
487. se e g mounted as a volume on a Macintosh the dt utilities try to connect to the cur rent server which serves this volume This could be a differ A 118 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 7 Additional information ent server e g if this volume is mounted via NFS Source and destination are handled completely independently e g a source file for a copy command may be served by a local desktop server while the destination directory which is lo cated on a NFS mounted directory is served by another EtherShare desktop server You can run dt utilities on a workstation without having EtherShare installed In this case a reference to the host running the desksrv program must be defined by the en vironmental variable DESKSERVER HOST host name which must be exported in order to take effect The dt utilities are unable to connect to a desktop server when the target directory is not mounted by any Macintosh and no local desktop server is running In this case start a local EtherShare copy or mount this volume on a Macin tosh The dt utilities will do an extensive verification in order to connect to the proper desktop server Nevertheless please verify your environment so that no single EtherShare volume can be accessed at the same time from different EtherShare servers Note In case different desktop servers are involved in a move directory operation it may be necessary to traverse through director
488. serial atalkd has detected that there is another end user copy of EtherShare on the network which is using the same serial number Note The following atalkd error message can only occur with EtherShare 2 6 under Linux addif cannot autoconf more than one interface entry 96s ignored With a socket based OS atalkd can only configure one network interface automatically All following interfaces are ignored See appendix A 3 3 Network automatic con figuration option for more details 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 465 17 3 4 afpsrv error messages afpsrv can issue any of the error messages listed above under 17 3 1 license error messages and 17 3 2 ge neric error messages as well as a few messages related to the communication with opisrv and desksrv and the Shared Memory segment used to hold the file and record locking table setrlimit cannot increase open file limit m The maxfiles parameter specified more open files per process than the current system configuration allows cannot create s m afpsrv cannot create the Shared Memory segment file s SESDIR locktable share fork cannot reopen s m afpsrv could not open the Shared Memory file s ESDIR ocktable after forking for a new login If this file is removed no one can log in until the next restart of afpsrv share brlock no more locks
489. sers defined in etc passwd which have a higher user number than that specified by maxuidlimit are not recognized as valid users of Ether Share This parameter is provided as an additional security feature The default for maxuidlimit is infinity guestid logname logname specifies the user name which is automatically al located to guest users The name is invisible to the guest us ers themselves it is solely used to assign an entry for guests in the user list If this parameter is specified the file server automatically supports guest access to available volumes Otherwise guest access to available volumes is not possi ble no homedir The switch nohomedir specifies that all users are prevented from seeing their home volume which stops them from be ing able to store Macintosh files there Their UNIX home directory still exists and can still be used from the UNIX shell The default if this switch is omitted is nomedi r Note If the home directory of user root is it will not be displayed 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 285 suffixes nobinonly suffixes suffixfile afpsrv normally simulates Finder info such as file type and creator automatically for files without Macintosh re source The type of file is determined by inspecting the file s contents This allows about 20 different icons to be shown for non Macintosh files see Generic icons in chapter
490. server cre ates a temporary desktop file in the host s tmp directory using a unique file name starting with desksrv Since the files on the CD ROM almost certainly have no resource forks in this case the Finder will use the information that are available in the extension mapping table or show one of the about 20 generic EtherShare icons 340 10 The Desktop Server 10 3 Parameters of the rebuild program cleanorphans twopass 10 3 Parameters of the rebuild program When it starts the rebuild program first accesses the main configuration file atalk conf to determine its config uration The install program automatically sets up this file with initial values for some of the EtherShare servers The values can be changed if necessary by using an editor such as vi See also chapter 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually The parameter described below can be defined for rebuild in atalk conf note that the parameter list is pre ceded by the program name rebuild no cleanorphans The cieanorphans switch for the rebuild program in atalk conf causes resource orphans to be deleted each time a desktop rebuild takes place see Resource orphans in chapter 10 2 The Desktop Server Program This opera tion requires a certain amount of processing time The default for this switch is cleanorphans no twopass The twopass parameter induces the rebuild program
491. sfer rate The default and maximum for maxrpackets is 8 dsiblocksize maxbytes maxbites specifies the maximum size of AppleShare IP data packets that are passed via TCP IP from afpsrv to workstations through the network during a transaction The default for maxbytes is 131 072 128 blocks x 1024 278 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program dsitickletime volstatinterval volcheckinter val ipaddress ipaddresses dsitickletime timeinterval timeinterval specifies the time interval in seconds after which afpsrv sends a tickle packet to signal that the serv er is still running The default for timeinterval is 30 volstatinterval timevolstat timevolstat specifies the time interval in seconds how of ten afpsrv checks the amount of free space on the server The default for timevolstat is 10 volcheckinterval timevolcheck timevolcheck specifies how often volstatinterval is communicated to the Macintosh client The default for timevolcheck is 10 ipaddress numberstring numberstring specifies the IP address the afpsrv pro gram offers to the Macintosh clients for logging in via IP protocol The default for numberstring is the number of all config ured IP addresses of all network cards installed in the serv er ipaddresses see ipaddress is applied for handling more than one IP address and is given out in a string in which the addresses appear com
492. sh and Windows characters A 125 20 CF wc FE 22 DO FF 2A DI 8D c 2E D2 3C D3 3E gt D4 3F D5 7C D7 9 82 D8 jy AO Do Y A5 e DA AA TM DC AD z DD BO DE fi B2 lt DF fl B3 gt EO B6 d E2 B7 X E3 B8 II E4 o B9 m FO BA F5 1 BD Q F6 c3 v F7 C5 F9 C6 FA C9 FB CA FC X CE E FD Fig A 30 Macintosh characters not displayable by Windows 98 A 10 Macintosh and Windows characters A 126 20 C9 FB B 22 P CE FD 2A CF FE 2E DO FF 3C lt DI 3E gt D2 3F D3 Te D4 82 D5 AO D7 A5 X D9 AN DA AD DC BO DD B2 tf DE B3 I DF B6 EO B7 e E2 B8 E3 B9 E4 BA FO BD o F6 C3 F7 C F9 C6 7 FA Fig A 31 Macintosh characters not displayable by Windows NT4 A 11 Glossary A 127 Appendix A 11 Glossary A 11 Glossary A 128 AFP server Apple file server using the AppleTalk Filing Protocol AFP AppleTalk A generic term for the most common network protocol used by Apple Macintosh computers Chooser A program provided by Apple for Macintosh computers which lets you choose a server for a particular service such as printing or storing files Client Software that uses the services of a server in a network Driver A program which is part of the operating system of a com puter and controls part of the hardware of the computer Ethernet Etherne
493. specified as the group id number in the etc passwd file The file etc group contains a list of all groups known to the system The primary groups too must be included in this list An entry line in this file specifies the name of the group a group password which is only significant when accessing directly through the UNIX system the group id number and a list of members user names that have been 292 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 5 Users and groups AFP user list and passwords assigned to the group The group id number is used as a link between the group list etc group and the user list Jetc passwd Each time a user logs on to the server user name and pass word are requested Although the UNIX standard password file etc passwd contains passwords in encrypted form the password typed in by the user at the workstation is nor mally transmitted via the network cables to the server in un encrypted form The UNIX login program then encrypts the password before checking it against the etc passwd file The passwords in the etc passwd file are stored encrypt ed to prevent users with direct access to the UNIX system from finding out passwords of other users To provide additional AFP security EtherShare supports an optional AFP user list ESDIR conf afppasswd which prevents transmission of unencrypted passwords via the network cables when logging on to EtherShare The AFP use
494. spective pages of your UNIX manual 376 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually extendedinfo facility rsslimit nomagic no Jextendedinfo The Printer Log file ESDIR printer acct x contains in formation about printing time date document name user fonts and more With ext endedinfo set the range of infor mation for each print job is increased by e g an OPI image replacement list and the total number of bytes printed The default for this switch is extendedinfo facility logfacilityname facility is a string that ought to be set by the system ad ministrator only since its use requires advanced knowledge on UNIX programming For further reference see the UNIX manual pages syslogd 1 rsslimit maxbytes rsslimit resident set size limit is determined by max bytes which is the maximum number of kB a printer inter face program can utilize as memory If this parameter is not set the memory administration is up to your system set tings no magic PostScript printers normally cannot accept print jobs con sisting of flat ASCII data They require the print job to be in PostScript format ASCII print data can be manually con verted to PostScript with the pstext utility In addition to this the interface programs of the Print Server are also able to automatically detect whether a particular job is in Post Script or ASCII format by scanning the start of the job for the signat
495. src folders were removed manually from UNIX afpsrv automatically creates missing rsrc directories for every folder opened from the Macintosh in case a rsrc directory is available in the volume root directory of the EtherShare volume This applies to files as well if rsrc folders are available resources inside the rsrc folder will be created automatically 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats 269 UTF 8 encod ed file names Non UTF 8 en coded file names Generic icons Provided the ut 8 flag is set in the afpvolumes list spe cial characters such as a can be used on different plat forms Macintosh and PC clients since under Unicode UTF 8 they are 8 bit encoded Exceptions are the char acter which is translated into a particular sequence which consists of caret and two following characters represent ing the hexadecimal value of the character 2F and all control characters hexadecimal code 20 On a non UTF 8 volume ut 8 flag not set compare UTF 8 encoded file names above Macintosh special characters are automatically translated by the EtherShare File Server into a three character escape sequence but in this case led by a leading colon instead of the caret For instance the special character 3 is translated into Ha However accented characters Umlauts are not recom mended for user names and passwords otherwise you will need to
496. srv automatically when UNIX is booted afpsrv is the program that implements the AppleTalk Fil ing Protocol AFP file server functions It waits for filing requests from the AppleTalk or TCP IP network which are then immediately processed Each new logon request re sults in a separate afpsrv process being created Accord ingly when a number of users access the file server at the same time a number of afpsrv processes run on the host simultaneously The number of concurrent connections to the AFP server via AppleTalk is limited to 250 To establish more than 250 con nections at the same time use AppleShare IP instead See also sessions in 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program afppasswd is used to create and amend entries in the AFP user list ESDIR conf afppasswd and all related UNIX files like etc passwd The program afppasswd is called automatically by afpsrv whenever you click the Change password button in the Chooser It is necessary to sepa rate this functionality from the afpsrv program in order to give the system permission to modify the password data base online You can call afppasswd from UNIX manually to change passwords from a shell login If you are having problems with yellow pages for example afppasswd will return er ror messages which you will not see in the Chooser 266 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 3 Directory and file formats
497. ss the Return key at the end of each line or use the Edit gt Wrap option instead This option makes the text lines end after a given number of characters the number that has been specified in the Pref erences dialog You can thereby influence the layout of the entire text or of individual lines you have highlighted before The wrap option does not hyphenate text If a word does not fit it is moved to the next line completely See chapter 6 3 2 Text preferences for wrap preferences Attaching a You can add one text or binary program file to your mes file sage Please note that if you attach a very large file you and the addressee may have to change the Memory Require ments File gt Get Info gt Memory for the HELIOS Mail program in order to allow proper handling of the attached file Choose Attach File from the Mail menu to send one text or binary program file with your message You will get a file dialog to allow you to choose the file see figure 120 Then you may select the type of file encoding from the Format pull down menu 220 6 HELIOS Mail 6 6 Sending mail Note If you use the Navigation Dialog consider that this may slightly slow down the performance of HELIOS Mail Choose a File b D Dokumentation 03 02 2000 b D Helios Software GmbH 14 04 1999 gt C Transfer 29 06 1999 Mime base64 Data files Format v Binhex Mac files uuencod
498. ssages E 492 pssuffix atalk conf sereen 396 PStext WINIX cect E 404 pstext ps encoding tables A 411 Public vol mes eicere ee ede i eei 301 Q QueueAdm group esssssssssesseeeeeeeee nennen 422 queueadmgroup admsrv sesseeeeeennm ene 422 R readonly AFP volumes seem 303 Readonly volumes 338 readwrite AFP volumes seseeeem m 303 rebuild error messag6s eiie he tree i De ro ond Eed 341 rebuild UNIX ET 337 Remote LPR receive jobs through ssssseeeeeneen A 68 Remote LPR protocol sseeeeeenn 387 remotewinsize atalk conf AEDS IV ro eos Gan D NO OM 277 MEL 433 DD guten eege Eege daa a Taraia 379 Ici 445 Removable volume Mounting a removable volume eene 133 resolve atalk conf eieae aaea a een 396 resolve OPI 22 in die eel oen 361 Resource orphans ee rt t eH ete i Ep en 337 restart pap UNIX raaraa nann aria E KAANE AAAA AAA AE LEENE ARA EASRA 363 restore UNIX EEN 319 A 52 General explanation sssssssssssssseeeeeeennee 24 RIP Definitions ace ete ee aiquet ies A 131 rmdir UNIX General explanation sssssssssssseeeeeeennee 22 Root directory Definition iced get reped ne e tun ia A 131 Router pun TEM A 131 General explanation essent 26 Routing Definition cci epe te boas rele Hp tein
499. ssee 60 etc Directory contents ssssssssssssseneeernne 60 macapps Directory contents ssesssssssss 60 73 psfonts Directory contents A 60 IEEE 261 Automatic Creation oce o Ree E 50 llGetslv tel 60 ESDIR GICIS 1 ee d ede ee 359 362 ESDIR psfonts 360 PSTEXT PREP 3 d ice edet ae a e tuse Reds 406 STIERM Ed 445 9e9elnclude references sssssssssssseeeee 361 Desktop file ici eene tied iei 268 331 etc group General explanation sess 22 Jetc hOSIS c i ott etie ete td t tte din PN EL 390 Preparing the file for installation esses 40 letc inittab Changes during installation 60 General explanation esses 22 Jet pPaSSWd KEE 292 General explanation sess 22 Tete printcap EE 360 365 alternative names ssssssssssssseseseneeeerenn enne 383 General explanation sese 21 serial example eeeeeseeeeseeeeeeenee ennt 385 TCP IP example AA 392 Viewing and editing the file from a Mac 188 letc rc local Changes during installation 60 General explanation ssssssssseseeeeeennene 22 e 391 Jelc Systeim viene n0 etm ee et eerte ek Potete A 73 home apps rsrc volrsre ec eee ee eee eeeeeeeeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeess 268 Appl
500. ssss 492 17 3 14 psresolve error messages 493 17 3 15 shmif error messages 494 17 3 16 tcpif error messages ssessss 495 Contents Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 A 3 1 A 3 2 A 3 3 A 3 4 A 3 5 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 A 7 1 A 7 2 A 7 3 A 7 4 A 7 5 Sample configurations A 1 Files in the EtherShare directory A 9 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 17 General remarks sess A 18 Example network setups A 19 Network automatic configuration option A 22 Seed routers non seed routers A 24 Manual network configuration A 26 EtherShare utility programs A 41 Standard UNIX utility programs A 49 Data backup with dump and restore A 51 Technical notes A 55 EtherShare log files ssssee A 56 PostScript RIP INITs in the EtherShare Admin sss A 61 Using the ISO 8859 1 character set under IBM AIX 4 sssssseeeenen A 63 Accessing spool queues from an IBM logical printer ssssssse A 65 Accessing the System
501. ssword AppleTalk via TCP IP Likewise logging on to the Administration Server via a TCP IP connection is also possible by choosing Login from the File menu see figure 19 5 EtherShare Admin 5 3 Logging on to the Administration Server 95 When you choose Login for the first time the EtherShare Admin opens a window to let you enter the EtherShare host name you want to connect to compare figure 22 Clicking the Server via RppleTalk button lets you log on to the Administration Server via AppleTalk as described above in via AppleTalk compare figure 20 Enter the EtherShare Server fiddress or Name 172 16 8 7 isis helios de v isis helios de R 192 189 225 177 amun helios de Fig 22 Selecting an Administration Server via TCP IP Server via AppleTalk gt Enter the EtherShare host name or the IP address you want to connect to and click OK The EtherShare Admin then opens a window to allow you to log on to the Administration Server by entering your Ether Share user name or full name and password see figure 23 Connect to EtherShare server ans helios de as User Name Magic L Save name Cl Save password Fig 23 Dialog for User Name and Password TCP IP 96 5 EtherShare Admin 5 3 Logging on to the Administration Server Logging in via AppleTalk or TCP IP The User Name default entry is the one that is specified in the File Sharing dialog on the Macint
502. stablished could not be deter mined System call failure Cannot open log file Ge 96m The temporary file s for saving error output until the real error message file has been established could not be created System call failure Cannot initialize library libsched The libsched shared library could not be initialized Mostly a system call failure Cannot initialize library libhelios Error d The libhelios shared library could not be initialized Error is given in d Cannot register AppleTalk error handler m AppleTalk error handler could not be registered System call failure 17 Technical support 472 17 3 Error Messages Cannot find product locations s None of the locations directories of the HELIOS products were found s is an explanatory error message Cannot find HELIOS EtherShare product location The HELIOS EtherShare product location directory could not be found Mostly an installation error Cannot find executable s The executable program could not be found Mostly an in stallation error Cannot open resource Ge S The named resource s could not be opened s is an explanatory error message Cannot initialize library libprint s The print support library could not be initialized s is an explanatory error message Cannot initialize resource messages s s The message string handling for the message block s could n
503. sted directories AppleShare users expect the BSD style thus the EtherShare Admin ensures that the setgid bit is set if it creates a directory for a new volume or new user The dt utility will automatically make sure that the set gid bit is set 318 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 8 Data backup 9 8 Data backup As with all computer systems it is highly advisable to make regular backups of network volumes to tape or disk Al though UNIX provides comprehensive safety mechanisms in case of system faults it is never possible to fully exclude loss of data For this reason the administrator should regu larly archive all volumes of the file server to mass storage Two methods are available for archiving volumes Data backup can be carried out either from one of the worksta tions with a Macintosh archiving program or directly from the UNIX server by using one of UNIX s system backup programs Archiving programs on a Macintosh workstation will back up HFS volumes to disk or tape The disadvantages of this method are that all the files must first be transferred over the network before they can be stored on the backup medi um and that each volume must be separately archived the latter can represent a considerable effort on a large file serv er with a large number of public and private volumes For this reason workstation backup programs are generally only suitable for archiving single volumes and not for the
504. switch to your spreadsheet program and choose Paste see figure 145 EL ibm ps al F UID WCHAN TTY TIME COMD E 240881 D EVENT aH etc ge 40001 R 8 4 fusr lo 240801 S 100 EVENT ksh 240801 117 St 48 EVENT ksh 260801 S 181 d ksh 2208801 8 6 EVENT ksh 200801 S 117 EVENT ec 2408615 117 6 ksh 200001 R 184 ps al 2208801 104 ksh ibm Fig 144 Using select rectangle with the Copy Table option Ablage Bearbeiten berblick Schrift Tabelle Format Fig 145 Pasting the table into a spreadsheet program 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 6 Function keys 249 7 6 Function keys The various Macintosh computer models have several dif ferent keyboard layouts whereby only the Apple Extend ed Keyboard is provided with function keys Choose the Function Keys submenu in the Keys menu to see a picture of the function keys of the VT320 terminal see figure 146 Select the required function key with the mouse Keypad gt Editing Keys Fig 146 Function keys A similar feature is available for the keypad and for the ed iting keys Keypad Editing Keys f Function Keys bj Held Screen Fig 147 Editing keys 250 7 HELIOS Terminal 7 6 Function keys Editing Keys Function Keys Pi Hald Sereen Fig 148 Keypad keys If you want to use applications on the UNIX host which regularly use function keys a
505. t A 76 allowdomain do main denydomain do main If the file is empty or not present at all access is allowed this corresponds to allow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The IP Address 0 0 0 0 with the mask 0 0 0 0 matches any address it is thus a good idea to use the statement deny 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 as the last line in the access file and only explicitly allow ac cess to selected networks or IP numbers You can grant ac cess to the class C net 192 9 200 only using the following statements allow 192 9 200 0 255 255 255 0 deny 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The mask 255 255 255 0 in the example specifies the sig nificant bits that are to be compared against the IP number If the mask is not specified it is assumed to be 255 255 255 255 meaning that it will match the number exactly The example allow 192 9 200 1 deny 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 will thus allow access to a single machine only namely to 192 9 200 1 A 8 IP configuration Reference Part A 77 Access control via port number Firewalls The IP address can also be specified as a normal host name it must then be resolvable through the configured name ser vice e g DNS or NIS If DNS or NIS is properly config ured to resolve host names you can also use domain based access controls The statement denydomain hacker com will deny access to any IP number that resolves to a host name that ends with the domain hacker com The allowdomain statement works the other w
506. t utilities automatically select the proper mode of operation It is required to use the dt utilities together with Ether Share 2 6 PCShare 2 5 or higher and or EtherShare OPI 2 1 These HELIOS product versions have improved verifi cation mechanisms to recognize potentially harmful config urations and will disable access to volumes for which consistency between volume and desktop information can not be assured In addition warning or error messages are logged to the system error log which may help you locate the cause of the problem Just to help you understand the possible error messages and the specific behavior of the dt utilities here are the main differences to standard UNIX commands Each Macintosh file consists of two parts the so called da ta fork which is stored as a standard UNIX file and a cor responding resource fork which is stored by EtherShare in a rsrc subdirectory Additional information for each file are stored in a corresponding entry in a volume based desktop database Therefore when using UNIX com mands each operation like move copy or delete must con sider both the data fork and resource fork as well as the database entry instead of just a single file When looking into a volume as a UNIX directory you may not notice the differences because the resource fork subdi rectory and the database files are stored as hidden UNIX files A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9
507. t all and might irritate the Desktop file f move the file s without prompting even if it is overwriting an existing target Note that this is the default if the standard input is not a terminal A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 97 Technical notes i prompt for confirmation for each file If the answer begins with y yes the file is moved otherwise it remains where it is k keep ID try to allocate the source ID and use it for the destination as well see also A 9 7 7 Using dt for backup restore In case this is impossible you will only get a warning if v is set You can use this parameter to preserve proper working of Macintosh aliases n no resource forks if no desktop see A 9 7 3 Default resource fork handling v verbose display extended warnings z force zero ID for destination please refer to A 9 7 6 Zero IDs and A 9 7 7 Using dt for backup restore The behavior of the different UNIX implementations dif fers if both the option and the i option are set dt mv uses the following rule if both the option and the i option are set this is not considered an error here the option will override the i option If you move a directory between two EtherShare volumes dt cannot simply move just the directory entry The Mac intosh Finder would have to perform two steps for this op eration namely copying a folder from one volume to the othe
508. t for DEC VT200 font decEncoding StandardEncoding dup length array copy dup 196 Adieresis put dup 228 adieresis put dup 220 Udieresis put dup 252 udieresis put dup 214 Odieresis put dup 246 odieresis put dup 223 germandbls put def Each line of this table re defines a single character The decimal number e g 196 is the decimal value of the char acter ASCII value in the input file s character set This is followed by the PostScript name of the character In Post Script characters have names and not numbers For exam ple Adieresis is the PostScript name for A The encoding tables are followed by a line which deter mines which of the two tables are used when printing The table decEncoding implements a character set according to ISO 8859 1 DEC VT200 whereas ibmEncoding im plements a character set that corresponds to the IBM PC ex tended ASCII code The following line in pstext ps selects DEC encoding we use the DEC encoding by default theEncoding decEncoding def If you want to use IBM PC umlaut codes change the above line as follows we use the IBM encoding by default theEncoding ibmEncoding def 12 Text to PostScript Converter 12 4 Umlauts and special characters 413 You can as well make a local copy of pstext ps with a new more individual name then modify this file and specify its name with the e option when calling pstext e g
509. t is a network system which has been standardized Fast Ethernet EtherShare by the XEROX company A differentiation is made be tween Thin Ethernet which uses low cost thin coaxial ca ble with a maximum length of approximately 185 m per network segment and 10Base T Ethernet which uses standard telephone cable with a connector like a US tele phone jack Network cards for Thin Ethernet are usually provided with coaxial BNC connectors Some network cards have connectors for more than one of these methods Ethernet see also chapter 3 5 Network topology is logi cally characterized by a linear bus topology However nowadays the 10Base T Ethernet and 100Base T Ethernet also called Fast Ethernet sport from the physical point of view a star shaped topology Fast Ethernet is similar to Ethernet but achieves data transfer rates of 100 Mbit s in stead of 10 Mbit s A program developed by HELIOS for AppleTalk networks It allows among other things the sharing of hard disks file server function and printers print server function and A 11 Glossary A 129 EtherShare OPI EtherTalk FDDI FDDITalk Finder Home directory Host LocalTalk uses the AppleTalk protocol and AppleShare IP for net work communications An optional add on for EtherShare which considerably speeds up print spooling if you are printing DTP layouts containing large high resolution images OPI Open Pre press Interface is
510. t the ping statistics at any time the behavior of the respective button the stop button in figure 8 will change depending on the status Use the cancel button or the ESC key to close the current dialog The cancel button in the Network Search dialog see figure 3 will quit the vpoll program The HELIOS poll program is older than vpoll and in contrast to the latter one it is a command line utility for net work checks It can be executed automatically in the back ground e g if you include the po11 command into a batch program poll returns one message line for each Apple Talk service entity on any network that can be found within 1 second response time This includes one response line for the EtherShare servers atalkd afpsrv papsrv admsrv termsrv timesrv and mailsrv for each EtherShare host that can be found and for each registration if the services are registered in several zones Each line shows the network number node number socket number object name object type and zone name The net work number is the netno parameter in the main configu ration file atalk conf Please note that O desksrv does not appear in this list O poll can be specified with command line parameters as follows poll name type zone ee 66 You can use as a wildcard for name type and zone 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation 71
511. t to use UNIX file locking With nopublish set the volume is invisible for all users This flag determines that you have both read and write ac cess to the respective volume This flag must be set when the underlying physical media is write protected e g CD ROM Then there is for all users only read access to the specific volume A small padlock is displayed in the Finder then Note Do not use the readonly flag for administering ac cess privileges to a volume since this could prevent the desksrv from locking the volume correctly For such purposes use Sharing from the Finder s File menu instead 304 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes ipaccess utf8 charset Mac Roman volume_groups Private volumes states the name of the file containing the access list with the IP addresses which are permitted to log on to a specific vol ume If ut 8 is specified the Unicode character set is used on the volume If ut 8 is active the charset MacRoman flag is used to translate and encode file names to MacRoman volume groups is like flags a comma delimited list of groups See Volume Groups list in chapter 5 8 Volumes list for details The volume list can also contain comments by starting an entry line with the character This can be used to add more information e g the installation date of the volume A volume can thus be temporarily disabled
512. tallation procedure Enter the number of users allowed to work with this license Number of users units one or more decimal digits q to quit 20 Enter the checksum that is stated on your Activation Key Reply form Checksum eg abcd defg hjkl mnop q to quit qwer asdf yxcv abcd License is valid and has been entered into the license database Important If you get any error messages instead ofthe License is valid prompt you may check your entry again and repeat the licensing procedure if necessary Make sure you have used the correct key reply form values When all procedures to enter the Activation Key fail di rect to your HELIOS distributor or if you received the key from HELIOS directly to HELIOS You have successfully licensed your EtherShare copy and may now choose from the EtherShare License Menu ei ther item 3 to display all license information again or item 5 to return to the EtherShare Installation Menu 4 Installation 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure 55 gt Proceed to item 4 in the EtherShare Installation Menu and create a demo user to allow Macintosh users to log on to the server without further configuration EtherShare Installation Menu The machine ID of this computer is 00205420 63 Install programs and configuration files Install and configure AppleTalk kernel modules Enter activation key to license HELIOS programs Create a demo user
513. te Ce 15 EtherShare s built in routing functions sss 26 Routing De EE 256 Routing table maintenance sese 256 RPC UNIX Required for installation seeeeee 36 rpcbind UNIX Checking the rpcbind process ceecccecseeeeeeeeeeesteeeeeneeeees 62 rprinter atalk conf or eain EEE e ARE EAEE AERUS 392 reslimit atalk cont 53 3 a aei RE 376 S Savepasswd atalk conf sse 283 420 EL LU ee e ehe eiae tete tests 169 seconds mailen urano E e nennen 434 Security Password security EtherShare Admin 96 User Group security sss 100 Who can use the EtherShare Admin usus 90 security with minuidlimit parameter eeeenen 284 security with the nosavepasswd switch AA 420 security with the nosavepasswd switch 283 Serial PostScript connection sse 383 Server Definition iei ee eet de Lee atin A 131 Server log file Admin SEET EE A 58 Servers UNIX uii tere Lente Pee en 259 service atalk conf REENEN 391 sessions atalk conf sessssssseeeeeenn enne 281 SOU EE 317 Shared Memory software IP eite eet ite i eun 393 Cl ctas cse cca e Ln MSN MIRO DAN 352 357 shutdown message ssssseenne eene eene 288 Socket Blutt el E A 131 Solaris 2 t ning site direi SEN ORNA A 73 SO
514. te new icons The required mapping is specified in the file SESDIR conf suffixes which has the following struc ture type creator suffix TEXT KAHL o TEXT KAHL h TEXT MSWD txt TEXT MSWD doc TEXT XCEL Wks TEXT XCEL wkl TEXT XCEL wk TEXT XCEL xls Werecommend that you specify extension mapping with the Extension Mappings option of the EtherShare Admin and not by editing the above file manually See the suffixes pa rameter in chapter 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program for related information afpsrv does not translate the line endings in files of type TEXT and creator UXPS This creator type combination 310 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 6 Public and private volumes Newline con version could only be generated for files stored on the server by UNIX or DOS applications Macintosh applications supply their own type and creator Now EtherShare also recognizes EPSF files and will gener ate type EPSP and creator UNIX although the icon will be the same as for UXPS TEXT files CR LF conversion is not provided for UNIX EPSF files The Metrowerks CodeWarrior software will by default apply newline conversions to the following type TEXT files Creator CWIE MMCC MPCC MPS _ UXMB UXSC For more detailed information on newline conversions to TEXT files see notexttran in chapter 9 4 Parameters of the afps
515. terface conflicting seed info on 96s using d d instead of d d The interface s was configured manually to use a par ticular network range but an external seed router did sup ply a different range for this cable segment atalkd will use the value from the external seed router and ignore the manual configuration routing conflict on s from net d node d While the network was already up and running a new router on network interface s was sending conflicting routing table information The conflicting information will be ig nored This can happen if a router starts up later e g on a dialup line or two previously independent AppleTalk net works are merged All routers that seed that cable segment must be checked for proper configuration too many hops via s to d d The routing information received on interface s shows that the maximum hop count of AppleTalk packets would be exceeded attempting to reach network 26d Check your AppleTalk network topology in order to provide no net work is more than 15 hops away from any other part of the network 17 Technical support 17 3 Error Messages 463 autoconf socket m With a socket based OS atalkd could not create an AppleTalk socket If m Protocol not supported this means that no AppleTalk kernel modules are found in the currently running UNIX If m Can t assign request ed address this means that none of
516. ters at the end of this manual describe in de tail how to configure EtherShare by modifying the ap propriate UNIX configuration files with a standard UNIX editor program such as vi However the EtherShare Admin program offers a much easier way to carry out EtherShare configuration and network management tasks The EtherShare Admin accesses and modifies the system configuration files directly just as if the changes had been made with an editor However the EtherShare Admin has built in safety checks to ensure that conflicting or invalid configuration settings are not possible In the following chapters the distinction is often made be tween logging on to EtherShare and logging on to the UNIX host The latter is only necessary if you want to con figure the EtherShare system manually instead of using the EtherShare Admin program or if you want to access the UNIX host in order to develop or run software under the UNIX programming environment This type of connection needs a conventional terminal screen and keyboard or a terminal program such as HELIOS Terminal and means that you will need to be experienced in the UNIX operating conventions and utility programs which are very different from those found on the Macintosh 3 Introduction 3 1 General considerations 13 On the other hand logging on to EtherShare is a routine task for any Macintosh user who needs access to the file server and print server facilities provide
517. th of EPSF files did show different size than clip u 118 desktop friendly command line cp mu and rm utility u 111 one AFP session was reserved for AppleTalk DODDMHON To choose a product press return Fig 16 The List Updates dialog window The Remove Some updates change the behavior of certain product mod Update window ules To uninstall updates you do not want to work with use the Remove Update option The respective dialog window is shown in figure 17 Note that there may be interdependencies between several updates This means that certain updates cannot be removed as long as they are required by other updates that are still in stalled You can display in the dialog window either all re movable or all not removable updates Remember that updates you have already committed can no longer be re moved 4 Installation 86 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer ci 1998 HELIOS Software Helios Update Installer U1 1 Remove Update Product EtherShare OPI U2 8 8 Install path usr local es I D H H H H H H H H H U i Updates i i MATETE i uB185 revised CCIR EBU RGB profile with new white point i i uB115 damaged PICT regions could crash Macintosh workstations i i uB116 colortune plugin now uses Agfa CMYK and RGB default profiles i I uB122 layout generation for PDF files could not be switched off
518. the EtherShare Admin to set up both EtherShare users and reg ular UNIX users 426 13 The Administration Server 18 5 Configuration with Yellow Pages The optional AFP user list ESDIR conf afppasswd can also be used with the Yellow Pages system by setting up a second afppasswd file on the Master host e g var yp afppasswd containing the names of all users of the Master and its interconnected Slaves You must specify its name and path in the Master s Administration Server pa rameter ypafppasswd The Master host s ESDIR conf afppasswd file should only contain the root and system logins terminated by in the last line The installation includes in the directory ESDIR etc the script ypMakefile which contains the necessary changes required to implement the AFP user list under Yellow Pag es It must be copied as Makefile to var yp Since in the Yellow Pages system the password and group files are often stored in var yp rather than in etc a typ ical configuration for the Administration Server on the Master host is as follows admsrv name AdminServer sessions 8 yppasswd var yp passwd ypgroup var yp group ypafppasswd var yp afppasswd The ESDIR conf afppasswd file of each host in the Yel low Pages system Master and Slaves must include a line containing only at the position where the Yellow Pages user and group map should be inc
519. the same time and it allows several users to log in simultaneously You may not log on twice to the same Mail Server with the same user name not even with different mail programs This could seriously confuse the Mail Server If you just want to see who is currently logged in from this Macintosh choose Login from the File menu without clos ing the connection to the Mail Server leave at least the In coming mail window open Information about the current session will then be displayed in a login confirmation box compare figure 111 6 HELIOS Mail 6 4 Configuring the connection 211 Connect to mail server ans HELIOS Il as User Name det EJ Save name L Save password Fig 111 Login confirmation box 212 6 HELIOS Mail 6 5 Incoming mail About the Incoming mail window 6 5 Incoming mail As soon as you log in HELIOS Mail opens the Incoming mail window which lists all mails in your in basket see figure 112 The window title shows the host name In coming and your user name The icons in the left column illustrate status information i e they show whether the mail is large already read or still unopened If there is no mail the Incoming mail list will be empty SR ans Incoming det EE St No Date From Subject 27 12 1996 Pierce Brosnan Re James Bond K 26 05 1997 David Beckham Best Player award 31 05 1997 Henner HELIOS Web site 10 06 1
520. them to the Print jobs win dow in the EtherShare Admin The wat cht ime parameter has been provided because the PostScript processors of some printers time out in certain unusual situations if you check the printer s status channel for extended periods of time 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 373 mail chargebanner The default for time is 10 seconds Specify 0 zero if you do not want the printer interface pro gram to check the printer s status channel This does not af fect the processing of printer error messages However in this case Ipq only returns Printing job or No entries depending on whether there are any jobs in the printer s queue If you need to be able to check the printer status with lpg a meaningful value of time is about 10 60 seconds no mail The maii switch determines whether printer errors are re ported back to the originator of the print job through Helios Mail Even if you specify nomai1 printer errors are still re corded in the printer log file and many types of errors are also written to the system messages file allowing you to view them later with the EtherShare Admin or an editor program such as vi See User and document names in print jobs in appendix A 7 1 EtherShare log files for related in formation The default for this switch is mail no chargebanner This switch causes the printer s page count to include the number of bann
521. therShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 185 Defining access rights Access specifies whether access is denied or allowed IP specifies whether the entry is meant for a single comput er Host or a network Net Address contains the IP address of the host network An IP address consists of 32 bits 4 groups of 8 bits This number of bits allows well over 2 billion unique numbers to be used to identify a node on a network When specifying an IP ad dress it is common to use a dotted decimal representation of four numbers between 0 and 255 divided by a period e g 192 168 4 40 Mask is only meaningful for network entries The mask is structured like an IP address and specifies the number of bits that are relevant to the network identification It filters out the logical network address The mask 255 255 255 0 for example specifies that 24 bits are to be compared with the IP number The remaining 8 bits that identify the indi vidual computers of a given network are not relevant Comment contains a description or name that may help you remember to whom the respective computer or network be longs In order to set up or change the access list for your individ ual server you have to select Lists and IP Access from the Admin menu and then click the Add Entry button in the ac cess list to open the dialog that lets you set up new defini tions compare figure 94 5 EtherShare Admin 186 5 13 Other lists and acco
522. tically creates a public Macintosh volume called EtherShare Applications This volume is used to store Macintosh applications such as Helios Terminal Helios Mail and EtherShare Admin You can start the EtherShare Admin from any of the Mac intosh workstations on the network by opening the network volume EtherShare Applications and clicking twice on the EtherShare Admin icon Alternatively if you have in stalled the Macintosh applications on your local Macintosh as described in chapter 4 6 you can start the EtherShare Admin program from the menu After loading the EtherShare Admin normally shows a copyright notice compare figure 18 unless you have changed your preferences see chapter 5 4 Setting Admin preferences EtherShare Rdmin Copyright 1989 2888 HELIOS Softivare GmbH Version 2 6 8 H E LI OS Fig 18 EtherShare Admin Copyright Notice 5 EtherShare Admin 5 3 Logging on to the Administration Server 93 via AppleTalk 5 3 Logging on to the Administration Server Log on to the Administration Server AppleTalk or TCP IP by choosing Login from the File menu figure 19 2 ZI Edit Lists New Open Close Save As Fig 19 Choosing Login from the File menu When you choose Login for the first time the EtherShare Admin opens a window to let you choose the EtherShare host you want to connect to compare figure 20 Use the list on the left to choose the zone
523. tion 6 HELIOS Mail 6 3 Setting Mail preferences 203 Don t use You may check the Don t use Navigation Dialogs option Navigation if you do not want to use Apple s Navigation Service dia Dialogs logs e g for faster performance In this case you will get the conventional Attach File dialog without the possibil ity to select the file encoding format and without features like using shortcuts bookmarks or browsing recently used files For detailed information on how to attach files to a mail see Attaching a file below in this chapter Language The pop up menu Language is used to select the desired di alog language for menus messages and screen prompts The default for this field is the language setting of your Macintosh system file If you change Language you must close and re open each window before the new language will take effect 6 3 2 Text preferences The dialog that lets you define Text preferences is shown in figure 105 It contains the following options a E Test Sz G i i enera O Horizontal Scrolling IBM PE Translation Table v 180 8859 1 KE None TED Font Geneva gt ch Size De Wrap Rt Fig 105 Dialog box for Test preferences 204 6 HELIOS Mail 6 3 Setting Mail preferences Horizontal Scrolling Translation Table Font Size Wrap At Insert Cc line Bcc line Signature The Horizontal Scrolling option specifies whether each new Untitled
524. tion key has to be entered during the server installation process Without the activation key you cannot start the software The gen eration of your key is based on the serial number of your EtherShare copy on the machine ID of your server and on the number of users you have purchased the software for Keep in mind that in case you buy several EtherShare li censes you should make a long term decision about which license you want to use on which server machine and about which license you want to use as base product for expan sions you intend to install like user expansions PDF Hand shake or EtherShare OPI These expansions always remain bound to the original EtherShare base product We enclose with our software package an Activation Key Request form that has to be used for obtaining the key Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 0 7 gt The form already contains your 8 digit EtherShare serial number You have to add your Enduser name and ad dress and the machine ID of your server The machine ID consists of 8 2 digits The last two char acters serve to identify the make of the machine We have implemented in our product installer a program that dis plays the machine ID automatically So to find out your server s machine ID you have to proceed as follows Mount our distribution CD ROM and follow the instruc tions given in the accompanying booklet to open the Networking Products Installer CD ROM menu that i
525. to run 2 times in the first session rebuild tries to restore all already known IDs on the volume and makes records of all conflicts In the second session all those files which have caused conflicts are allocated a new ID The default for this switch is twopass 10 The Desktop Server 10 3 Parameters of the rebuild program 341 10 3 1 rebuild error messages The following error messages can be issued by the rebuild program compressed resources This is a warning which indicates that some resource infor mation e g icon information cannot be uncompressed This could happen e g with fonts that have a custom icon rebuild apple2 FremdeSchriften Fre a7Schriften Helvetica Neu L63 65 185 HelveNeuLigCon unable to add to desktop compressed resources volume s is currently in use no exclusive access possible Someone is already using the volume i e you cannot ac cess exclusively with the rebuild x switch charset 96s for volume s not found s This error message leads to a fatal error the rebuild pro gram is stopped volume is already using the selected charset nothing to convert The current character set was selected anew volume s is read only You cannot apply any changes since there is no write access to the volume e g a CD ROM volume 342 10 The Desktop Server 10 4 Parameters of the desksrv program maxdesktop 10 4 Parameters of the desksrv program Wh
526. to add the signature automatically to ev ery mail you write gt To create a signature open a new mail using File New New Mail Then enter your signature and select from the File menu Save As Signature see figure 127 Your signature will be stored on the server and automatical ly added to any mail you send provided that the Signa ture checkbox is activated in the Preferences Insert window compare with figure 106 in chapter 6 3 Setting Mail preferences it Edit Mail Addresses Windows Help New Open Untitled Close Save Save as Save As Signature Save As Vacation Message Login L Page Setup Print P Quit 360 Fig 127 Defining an individual signature Figure 128 shows an example of a new mail window with included signature 6 HELIOS Mail 232 6 8 Defining a signature a vacation message o Untitled B HELIOS Software GmbH Fig 128 New mail with signature Vacation In addition to the Signature file you can set up a vacation message message This message contains information about the time you will be on vacation HELIOS Mail or to be precise the sendmail program on the server can be configured to automatically send the vacation message as a reply mail to all the people who try to contact you during your holidays Write your message into a new mail window and select Save As Vacation Message fro
527. to drain The Ipd on the remote system signals that its queue has no disk space left to store the print job 17 Technical support 498 17 3 Error Messages Cannot send to remote queue full The Remote LPR printer s will not accept a print job any longer because the remote queues are overfilled File 96s changed size The transfer of file Ge to a Remote LPR failed because the local and transferred size of the file differ A 1 Sample configurations A 1 Appendix A 1 Sample configurations atalk conf atalk conf in SESDIR conf is the main configuration file main configu for the EtherShare programs The following example figure ration file A 1 shows a sample configuration for the AppleTalk proto col stack atalkd the File Server afpsrv the Print Server with three printers three papsrv entries lw and ps the Terminal Server termsrv the Mail Server mailsrv and the Administration Server admsrv The AppleTalk protocol stack is connected to the Apple Talk network via an Ethernet interface interface le0 The network number 10 will be assigned as a Phase II net work to zone EtherZone The UNIX host s node number will be larger or equal to 140 The File Server has been assigned the name isis Guest access is enabled guestid As a security feature it is not possible to save passwords on the local Ma
528. ttings Fig 3 User interface of the vpoll program The following keys are relevant for using vpoll e TAB key navigate within a vpoll dialog es and un select items from a list ARROW keys navigate within a list of items ESC key quit the current dialog Whenever a user changes any parameters as shown in fig ure 4 the new settings will be saved for this specific user Youcanusethe Name and Type lines to limit the network 669 check to specific devices The is used as a wildcard 4 Installation 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installation 67 Please note that the bottom line gives short descriptions of the currently selected item compare figure 4 again cc 1997 HELIOS Software ibm poll Version 1 Select Zone Device Matching HELIOS I Mame IT HELIOS II Type LaserWri tere __ sf HELIOS Support HELIOS Tokenring Select Sorting 3 name 3 net 3 tupe zone 3 node Ascending CD gt Descending Select one or more zones 5 entries Fig 4 Setting new parameters for vpoll In figure 5 we have set up a network check for all devices in zone HELIOS IT cc 1997 HELIOS Software ibm poll Version 1 Select Zone Device Matching HELIOS FDOI HELIOS I HELIOS II HELIOS Support HELIOS Tokenring Select Sorting CF By name gt By net gt By type gt By zone gt By node CF Ascending gt Descending
529. ture is completely unknown to AFP AFP does not recognize cases where a volume extends over several storage devices with each of them having a different stor age capacity Accordingly in order to maintain control over the available storage capacity it is not recommended to mount Ether Share volumes that extend over more than one file system Otherwise you may get problems with Macintosh applica tions that check the available storage capacity on the vol ume before writing files or documents See also Volume size 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 10 EtherShare versus AppleShare 327 Folders and volumes without groups Users without primary group Preventing password changes limits in chapter 9 6 Public and private volumes for relat ed information Note If you have more than one UNIX mount point on a Macintosh volume do not move files or folders to the trash since this may fail Original AppleShare file servers allow folders to be created which are not assigned to a group This feature is not per mitted on an EtherShare File Server due to limitations in herent in UFS If it is required to create folders which are not assigned to a specific group it is necessary to create a new special group pseudo group which does not have any members By convention the group nogroup is often used for this purpose The same is true for volumes Since the access privileges of HFS volumes are always the same as thos
530. u can use the 1 option for that dt ls l usr ethershare Here you see the attributes the ID parent ID type creator Macintosh date size of the data size of the resource fork and the file name d i rl 3201 15 97 09 47 51264 Network Trash Folder A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions A 107 Technical notes Example fiue 4201 16 97 13 50 51264 OpiPics 222 XDOC XPR3 06 09 97 13 39 97664 mydoc Please note that the output format e g time format is de pendent on the current settings for the local environment The output will not be sorted as it would be if you used the UNIX Is command A9 5 10 dt mkdir The mkdir command creates the passed directories in cluding the corresponding resource fork and the desktop database entry Usage dt mkdir m mode p dir The following options apply m mode specify the mode to be used when creating the directory p With this option mkdir creates dir by creating all the non existing parent directories first The mode given to intermediate directories will be the difference between 777 and the bits set in umask dt mkdir m0444 mydir creates the directory mydir with the passed modes A 108 A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 5 Command descriptions Technical note Example Example If no mode parameter is set the final directory is created in mode 777 considering the file mode creation mask umask
531. ually for your server To conserve system resourc es do not set this value higher than necessary The default for maxfiles is 256 findercache cachesize The File Server caches Finder information in RAM memo ry to optimize performance cachesize specifies the num ber of Finder entries to cache and thus the amount of RAM needed that should be allocated for this purpose Higher values require more RAM but lead to a File Server speed improvement for some Finder operations The default for cachesize is 2048 entries Each entry re quires about 100 bytes of RAM The cache is used by only one single afpsrv i e client at a time since it cannot be shared afppasswd exename exename specifies the complete path name of the afppasswd program which is used by afpsrv to change passwords in the AFP user list This parameter only needs to be changed if for administrative reasons it is necessary to modify EtherShare s default directory system on the UNIX server Or in order to protect the password against changes by un authorized users exename can be left blank This would e g disable the afppasswd program The default for exenane is ESDIR afppasswd 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 283 savepasswd minpwlen minuid no savepasswd As a time saving feature when logging on the AppleShare selection in the Chooser on the Macintosh lets you save your File Serve
532. uentially in an xferlog file Use this option with care since it considerably causes load on the server Note Make sure that an empty xferlog file exists at the spec ified location and set file permissions sufficiently so that owner group and others can write to that file homeipaccess homeipaccessname homeipaccessname is the name of the file which contains the IP access list and makes the home directory visible to the respective user homevolname homevolmacname homevolmacname is the Macintosh volume name for user home directories The following escapes are valid e Gu UNIX user name f full user name p UNIX home directory path Ooh server name Make sure that the volume name length does not exceed 27 characters The default for homevolname is u idletime time time is the time in minutes which a user has at his her dis posal idling on the File Server before he she gets logged out by afpsrv The default for time is O i e oo 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program 281 idlewarntime sessions locks files idlewarntime warntime warntime is the time in minutes after which the afpsrv program gives the user a warning before he she is logged out by the afpsrv idlet ime parameter The default for warntime if no value is specified is auto matically set to half the value of time see idletime sessions maxclie
533. ume contents roarai eii aa a EAS Y 73 EtherShare Client Installer Deserlption gair reaa ane fede icto erc dee e e ene 73 EtherShare OPI Definitio M ooi ote time tad ftu as A 129 EtherTalk Pec LEES A 129 exitserver operator darier a een nennen A 61 extendedinfo atalk conf sssseeeeene 376 Extension mapping seen enne 309 F iE 376 fakeoffspring atalk conf ssssssseeeeeennes 287 Fast Ethernet Bra A 128 FDDI Bree A 129 FDDITalk IDernionoas die AD E A 129 file ypafppasswd admsrv eem 419 file ypgroup admsrv eeeeeennmm 419 file yppasswd admsrv seeenmm 419 File Server General explanation essen 15 filedatesync atalk conf ssssssee 286 filename mailen kA 436 files atalk conf irea a a e E ENE 281 Finder DefintiON eaaa ete tete RE ia A 129 Finder file info Location xit o eei ae eb neta 268 findercache atalk conf A 282 Folders creating under UNIX 315 Creation of folders on a Macintosh computer 22 without groups roians aE nennen 327 fontdir atalk conf a ea ER e TAA AEAN A T 377 Fonts EtherShare Print Server fonts Printers resident fonts 159 Aaloe Lo llelo Roe 359 Printers resident font Jet 158 FONTS IE uge dee fun eek e enhn dax ea ie en 359 G generic error messages oan PAR eae 459 Group nogroup
534. unting files ibm IP Access Rccess IP Rddress Mask Comment Deny Allow IP Access Entry Allow Allow amp Allow IP Node Address 182 152 4 40 fa Deny Q Deny Q IP Net Comment D Fig 94 Setting up the IP access list First of all you just have to click the respective radio button to specify whether you want to Allow or Deny either a host IP Node or a network IP Net For IP Node entries you only have to enter the correct IP Rddress For IP Net en tries you have to enter both an Rddress and a Mask see figure 95 The Comment field is restricted to 32 charac ters The access list will automatically be re sorted after adding a new entry IP Access Entry Allow OC Ip Node Address 192 168 254 8 QDeny Ip Net Mask 255 255 255 8 Comment D Las Fig 95 Setting up an entry for a network 5 EtherShare Admin 5 13 Other lists and accounting files 187 You can edit an existing entry directly if you want to change it Just double click the entry in the access list The Deny any otherentry cannot be removed For security reasons it is always kept at the end of the list There will be rudimentary consistency checks so you will have to be familiar with IP net mask structuring and con ventions See your TCP documentation if you have ques tions Additional volume settings e g ipaccess are de scribed in chapter 9 6 Public and private volumes Pleas
535. ur update update installer The tool is able to find and install all up installer dates that are required for a particular product and to check interdependencies of certain updates The installer is easy to handle and can also be used to retrieve information about updates or to uninstall a particular update if required 80 4 Installation 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer To start the update installer mount the CD ROM open the Networking Products Installer CD ROM menu as de scribed in chapter 4 4 The UNIX installation procedure and select item Install Updates compare figure 12 HELIOS Software GmbH Networking Products Installer CD ROM The machine ID of this computer is 66001919 6a 15 EtherShare 2 PCShare 3 EtherShare OPI 4 PDF Handshake 55 Print Preview Di Install Updates 79 Display readme txt 8 Quit Your choice 16 Fig 12 Starting the HELIOS update installer The update installer offers seven different options in its main menu see figure 13 Helios Update staller U1 1 4 C Please Select Express Update Custom Update Remove Updates Commit Updates List Updates List History Setup Quit Automatic update to the latest available version Fig 13 Menu of the update installer 4 Installation 4 8 Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer 81 O Express Update Will induce the installer to
536. ure string 6 PS Adobe If this string is miss ing the job is assumed to be non PostScript and is convert ed to PostScript automatically before printing 11 The Print Server 11 6 Configuring printers manually 377 fontdir volumes dictdir Some application programs particularly those running un der MS Windows do not generate the PostScript signature string reliably causing job type auto detection to fail whereupon a PostScript program is printed rather than your document In such cases you can specify the nomagic switch to disable job type auto detection The default for this switch is nomagic The magic switch should only be used for PostScript printers do not specify it in the global section if if the Print Server is serving non PostScript printers too instead specify it for each in terface separately fontdir string string is the path of the host directory which contains the server font list FontDirectory The fonts themselves are contained in subdirectories of font dir arranged alphabet ically The default for string is ESDIR psfonts volumes string string is the path including name of the file containing the EtherShare volume list The default for string is ESDIR conf afpvolumes dictdir path path is the path containing PostScript dictionaries and printer prep files such as AppleDict Helios Dict and LinoDict You can specify an alte
537. use for this error is an incorrectly configured EtherShare network connection in atalk conf If the font list is missing you should connect the printer put it online and select Update Fonts in the Printer menu manually see later When you create a printer queue with the EtherShare Admin the following changes are made on your host O A new entry is made in etc printcap And new entries are made in ESDIR atalk conf papsrv section for the Print Server name section for the interface program O A link is created from ESDIR if name to the inter face program O The lockfile is created in ESDIR Iprdevdir name O The printer s spool directory is created and the printer s FONTS file and its PPD file are placed there The Ad min can only create the bottom most directory Parent directories have to exist Privileges are defined by the Admin in case a new directory is created Else the priv ileges that have already been defined are used They have to be set up properly otherwise it may happen e g that jobs are not deleted after printing and remain stuck in the spool directory More information about changes on the server are given in chapter 11 The Print Server 5 EtherShare Admin 5 10 Printers list 157 Deleting printers The spool directory and its contents are not removed when deleting a printer queue We recommend to clear any exist ing print jobs and wait until the p
538. w I O devices network or com munication problems Assure that the cause of this problem is solved before restarting EtherShare services Depending on the severity of the problem it may be necessary to stop and restart EtherShare services on the server by using the scripts SESDIR stop atalk now followed by SESDIR start atalk 336 10 The Desktop Server 10 2 The Desktop Server Program Desktop auto rebuild In the case of files created by UNIX applications the re source directories are unnecessary although they do not affect UNIX applications which access the original files they take up a certain amount of disk space Accordingly it may be better to organize your directories and volumes with separate file systems for UNIX only and Macintosh files Important We strongly recommend to use the rebuild option to put your desktop in order Do never delete the desktop database under UNIX Each time you open an EtherShare volume with the Choos er the desktop server checks the logical consistency of the desktop file and may trigger a desktop rebuild if it finds in valid information This process takes place automatically and in the background The same check is done too for each of the volumes in the volume list ESDIR conf afpvolumes when EtherShare is first started Most computers such as the Sun SPARC and IBM RS 6000 use the so called Motorola byte order and others such as the DEC Alpha and IBM PC use the
539. w workgroups e g users who are all member of the same group to change layout settings as la bels according to the organization of their work For the folder or volume the checkbox Make changes for group must be activated See also chapter 9 7 Access priv ileges 288 9 The EtherShare File Server 9 4 Parameters of the afpsrv program notranslateany nohidedotfiles welcome message and shutdown message The default for this switch is nogroupwriteisowner no translateany This option has been added to afpsrv in order to translate any file which is regarded as type TEXT The default if this switch is omitted is not ranslateany no Jhidedotfiles This option has been added to afpsrv in order to hide files starting with a dot The default if this switch is omitted is nonidedotfiles You can specify a welcome message to output on Macin tosh workstations when they log on to EtherShare and a shutdown message There are no parameters to specify in atalk conf for this feature Instead create two text files login msg and shutdown msg with a UNIX editor or with TeachText on a Macintosh and store them in SESDIR macapps the root of the Macintosh volume EtherShare Applications The messages will then be used automatically by the File Server during login and shut down Normally only the administrator has write privileges to this directory volume For exampl
540. ware or installed automatically by the EtherShare Cli ent Installer Mac OS 7 5 and higher already includes the Macintosh Communications Toolbox and the ADSP driver in the op erating system The AppleTalk ADSP Tool the VT320 Tool and the Helios Mail Init are copied automatically from the EtherShare Applications volume to the Exten sions subfolder of your local System Folder 76 4 Installation 4 6 The client installation procedure You have to restart your Macintosh after successful instal lation Repeat this procedure for each Macintosh that needs to use the client applications and then proceed to chapters 5 EtherShare Admin and 6 HELIOS Mail in order to set up users groups printers and volumes and in order to con figure the Helios Mail program Helios Terminal and the Time Server are described in the chapters 7 HELIOS Ter minal and 16 The Time Server 4 Installation 4 7 Uninstalling EtherShare 77 4 7 Uninstalling EtherShare 4 7 1 Deleting the Macintosh utilities If you want to uninstall EtherShare completely please first of all open the EtherShare Admin program to delete all printers which are registered for use with EtherShare This is indispensable for removing EtherShare from the server see chapter 4 7 2 Deleting the EtherShare UNIX soft ware Furthermore you should delete all data files from the EtherShare volumes and the volumes themselves gt The Ma
541. with TCP IP but can co exist with TCP IP and other network protocols on the same network cable without mutual inter ference Under EtherShare the same host network card is often used for TCP IP and AppleTalk simultaneously AppleShare IP AppleShare IP stands for AFP over a TCP IP connection Ethernet Ethernet is a hardware and network protocol standard which has found worldwide acceptance by a large number of computer manufacturers Ethernet EtherTalk interface cards are available for most Macintosh computers high end Apple printers and all UNIX hosts Many UNIX hosts and some newer Macintosh computers have an Ethernet in terface already built in Ethernet networks are capable of simultaneously supporting several network protocols such as TCP IP and AppleTalk 26 3 Introduction 3 4 Network hardware IBM Token Ring AppleTalk Router IBM Token Ring is a hardware and network protocol stan dard which is supported by many types of IBM computers including IBM mainframes and the RS 6000 workstation Token Ring TokenTalk interface cards are available for most Macintosh computers A Token Ring card can be plugged into the IBM RS 6000 workstation to allow it to be used as an EtherShare host If you have two or more different network types in the same building e g Ethernet and FDDI you may already have in stalled an AppleTalk router box to interconnect them Al ternatively you may be using a software router e g
542. workstations in the network A node is a data link addressable entity on a network A network visible entity NVE is a resource that is addres sable through a network Typically the NVE is a socket cli ent for a service available in a node PCShare is a high end TCP IP based file server print serv er and terminal server software for MS DOS Windows computers which are attached to UNIX computers through Ethernet Token Ring etc Since PCShare is compatible with EtherShare DOS Windows users can share network printers and files with Macintosh and UNIX users too The Portable Document Format PDF is an Adobe Acro bat file format that has been created for application inde pendent file exchange With the Acrobat Reader software which can be installed from our CD ROM or download ed from the Adobe Web site you may read and print any given PDF document A new version of the AppleTalk protocol which among other improvements allows up to 254 units in each network segment and approximately 27 units in each network PostScript Printer Description PPD is a file format de veloped by Adobe Systems Inc PPD files contain informa tion enabling software to produce the best results possible for each type of designated printer A 11 Glossary A 131 Protocol RIP Root directory Router Server Socket Spooler TCP IP A standardized data format which allows workstations to communicate via a netw
543. ws Highlight the user name in the Users list and select Clear from the Edit menu see figure 33 5 EtherShare Admin 5 6 Users list 111 File MSIS Lists Help Undo 362 Cut 36H Copy Eis 3 abelt a Paste 8e 3 adm E Clear annam Select All D bin D bst ied to Front B daemon references G det D frank D hein D juv Fig 33 Deleting a user entry The Admin then prompts for acknowledgment of deletion to allow it to be aborted if required see figure 34 Do you really want to delete User annam Fig 34 Confirming deletion of a user entry If deletion is confirmed the entry is removed from the win dow and the corresponding entries are deleted from the files etc passwd and etc group Files in the user s home di rectory are not deleted They must be removed by the sys tem administrator Important Do never delete UNIX users like bin daemon etc This may cause serious problems 112 5 EtherShare Admin 5 7 Groups list 5 7 Groups list The Groups list shows all groups known to the host see fig ure 35 The Administration Server automatically creates this list by inspecting the UNIX system file etc group or the appropriate yellow pages file If the Groups list is not already open choose Groups from the Lists menu Changing group data File Edit EGG Groups Volumes adm Printers Q3 bin Fonts 33 daemon Active Users Q3
544. xrwsr x 2 024 Sep 410 46 d drwxrwsr x 2 024 Sep 4 10 46 s drwxrwsr x 2 024 Sep 4 10 46 v drwxrwsr x 2 024 Sep 4 10 46 x terminfo d total 4 rw r r 505 Mar 21999 dtterm terminfo s total 6 rw r r 019 Mar 21999 sun rw r r 049 Mar 21999 sun cmd terminfo v total 16 2fwer re 143 Mar 21999 vt100 rw r r 137 Mar 21999 vt102 IW D is 959 Mar 21999 vt200 BIW ZY 959 Mar 21999 vt220 rw r r 286 Mar 21999 vt300 terminfo x total 4 rw r r 378 Mar 21999 xterm A 2 Files in the EtherShare directory A 16 A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 17 Appendix A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 18 A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 1 General remarks A3 1 General remarks The HELIOS netconf utility offers a very convenient user interface for network configuration Note that HELIOS netconf only is a configuration tool Messages like information about whether Automatic con figuration is possible or not are issued by the respective server programs not by netconf itself netconf automatically recognizes and displays the net work interfaces that are supported by EtherShare i e Ether net FDDI and Token Ring Even though it is possible to enter new interfaces not yet known to EtherShare you should keep in mind that these new interfaces may under certain con
545. y characters given in line Checksum Figure 0 2 shows an example of an Activation Key Reply form Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 Date Activation Key Reply soss Distributor Dealer Enduser Promo Hello MacUsers GmbH Paul Smiley Datentechnik und Systemberatung GmbH Eduardstr 46 48 Schiffgraben 226 Lavesstr 153 20257 Hamburg 30175 Hannover 30159 Hannover Deutschland Deutschland Deutschland T 040 851744 0 T T System Information Product EtherShare Serial 54080022 MachID 80024a74 8b Units 20 Checksum qwer asdf yxcv abcd Fig 0 2 Example of an Activation Key Reply Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 0 10 Contents Contents Copyright information eeeeeeeeeeeeeeenenneneennnn nnns 0 2 Welcome to EtherShare 2 6 sene 0 5 1 About the chapters of this manual 1 2 Using the manual eee 7 2A CONVENIONS oii eee aie ta atl un ee ANNE 8 En Mt tel 8 2 1 2 Font and syntax conventions ssse 9 3 Introduction eoiaea cerent rere Internets 11 3 1 General considerations ssssssssssseeeee 12 3 2 Introduction to EtherShare and AppleTalk 14 3 3 EtherShare and UNIX programs and files 20 3 4 Network hardware ssssssssssssssrrnnrensseesrtrrrrnnnnnnssnssent 25 3 5 Network topo
546. y no spaces no underlines and no punctuation marks except hyphen A slash causes problems with EtherShare PCShare and other UNIX programs This is because is also the direc tory path separator AIX does not return an error message if you use the TT character in your host name The procedure to follow to determine the host s name and internet address depends on the UNIX operating system type and sometimes on its version too The following pro grams are often available The hostname command BSD systems or the uname command System V systems can be used to determine a UNIX computer s host name Call uname with the n switch uname n Use the a switch instead to see your operating system version too arp is used to display and edit the UNIX host s internet address computer name conversion table If the arp A 50 A 5 Standard UNIX utility programs ifstat command includes a computer name as a command line ar gument it tries to get more information on the specified computer including its internet address Although the con version table does normally not contain information on your own host it is still often possible to determine its in ternet address in this way for example ibm path arp ibm 0021 237 arp The entry ibm 192 9 200 11 is not present in the local arp table This tool ESDIR etc ifstat is used to determine for each built in network interface th
547. y you should get the same information otherwise the system administrator should issue a rebuild for the spe cific volume You can use rebuild s volume root to verify that the volume information is properly reflected in the related desktop database see Before getting started in chapter A 9 3 How to install the dt utilities above Usage dt idinfo v volume id Please note that each volume has its own ID scope There fore you must specify the correct volume for each ID you request If you do not specify a volume with the v option the current working directory is assumed v allows to specify the volume to be used or any file or directory inside the target volume dt idinfo v usr ethershare etc 20 prints the following information volume usr ethershare id 20 pid 18 name gdoc specifying the volume detected the ID the parent ID for this file and the corresponding name stored in the database Please note that an ID detected in the database that does not have any corresponding file in that volume does not cause any problems or data loss A 9 The Desktop utilities A 9 6 dt warning messages A 115 A9 6 dt warning messages s move to volume with different charset not permitted This warning message appears if you intend to move a file from one Macintosh volume to another and the volumes character sets do not match s copy to volume with different charset not p
548. y of this type is required for each hardware interface e g Ethernet ifname is the name of the interface as known to the kernel netno is the network number in the AppleTalk network The network number must be specified as a range with a dash e g 10 15 the interface will then automatically be configured by atalkd as a Phase II net work with this number range snode is the starting node number at which atalkd starts to look for a free node for the EtherShare host on the Apple Talk network dynamic node number allocation By con vention servers in an AppleTalk network have node 258 8 The EtherShare System 8 4 Parameters of the atalkd program Phase II numbers greater or equal to 128 EtherShare usually starts at 140 zonename is the name or a list of names delimited by colon of the AppleTalk zone for this interface The simplest configuration for atalkd contains only one interface entry in the parameter list which describes the first here the only hardware interface between the UNIX host and the AppleTalk network note all EtherShare serv ers will be registered in the zone of the first atalkd entry See appendix A 3 3 Network automatic configuration op tion A typical atalkd entry with a parameter list for a Phase II network with three hardware interfaces is as follows atalkd if le0 30 35 128 EtherTalk if 2 1e1 10 10 128 20ne1 if le2 20 20 128 Zone2 The le0 int
549. y without zone information if the seed router fails or loses power This can cause serious disrup tion of your entire network EtherShare can be configured as a seed device by manu ally configuring the network connection as described be low However even if you have chosen to use EtherShare s Automatic configuration option instead it is still not a A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 4 Seed routers non seed routers A 25 true non seed router because it only interrogates network numbers and zone information of the local network seg ments once when the AppleTalk module loads and not on the fly like a conventional non seed router Nonetheless it always adjusts automatically to changed network numbers and zone names of remote network segments on the far side of external routers of course You can use the HELIOS vpoll program to check your network for existing zone information See The HELIOS vpoll program in chapter 4 5 Verifying the UNIX installa tion for a more detailed description of this program A 26 A 3 Configuring EtherShare as an AppleTalk network router A 3 5 Manual network configuration A3 5 Manual network configuration Automatic configuration is described earlier in this appen dix and also in chapter 4 Installation Manual configura tion is only necessary if automatic configuration is not possible or not desired The Configure AppleTalk network nu
550. yb N br 9600 rw f c 0000374 s 0000003 xc 0 xs 0040040 0f usr local es psof if usr local es if Laser2 sh mx 0 du 0 sf sd usr spool Laser2 af usr local es printer acct lf usr spool Laser2 Laser2 10g Fig A 2 Example of etc printcap The file ESDIR conf afppasswd contains an entry for every Macintosh user who is allowed access to the Ether Share File Server It is optionally created by calling the SESDIR etc mkafppasswd program in order to create the AFP user list and thus provide additional AFP securi ty Three users and the administrator root are shown in A 1 Sample configurations this example see figure A 3 The entry after the user s name is the encrypted password of the user If the AFP user list exists the password is inserted automatically by the File Server by calling the afppasswd program whenever the Change Password function is used in the Chooser and should not be inserted manually SESDIR conf afppasswd root 8c9373c57a229c7a David 723bd87a5c623214 Tim 2095abc56eff899a Doris 6abc295d9ace901c Fig A 3 Example of ESDIR conf afppasswd You can delete this file if you do not want the additional se curity it provides see mkafppasswd in chapter 9 9 File Server utility programs for details The corresponding UNIX password file may look like the following note that in this example passwords have not yet been
551. you can define a new IBM queue to automati cally forward all jobs it receives to the EtherShare spooling system Assuming you have used the EtherShare Admin to define a UNIX printer that is named Iw you should add the following lines to usr lpd qconfig lw device lwdev discipline fcfs lwdev backend usr local es lpr Plw This creates an AIX queue named lw that uses the Ether Share queue lw As all jobs are forwarded you will no longer be able to see jobs in the IBM queue and the jobs will appear in Ether Share s queue display instead Alternatively you get the same functionality if you always remember to specify the full path of the EtherShare lpr program usr local es Ipr each time you use lpr You can also create a queue that automatically converts text to PostScript e g pstext device textdev discipline fcfs textdev backend usr local es pstext Plw A 66 A 7 Technical notes A 7 5 Accessing the System V Tor from the Print Server A7 5 Accessing the System V lpr from the Print Server The EtherShare Print Server is based on the BSD printing system If your host uses the System V printing system e g Sun Solaris 2 x the Print Server normally uses its own BSD style lpr program which is provided in the SESDIR directory in such cases Manual pages for the BSD style lpr are provided on the CD ROM in the man uals directory
552. you should make it a habit to close all open Admin windows Otherwise the changes you make could collide with the definitions specified in an open dialog window and thus will never take effect gt To open the window that contains the desired configuration file press the Option key and then select the respective item from the Lists menu compare figure 96 You need sufficient permissions to save the changes you make and depending on what you change you may need to stop and restart EtherShare for the changes to take ef fect but regular users can also use this option in order to 5 EtherShare Admin 5 14 Editing atalk conf and other configuration files manually 189 inspect the respective files and thus check the current con figuration File Edit MINOS Printer Help Users Groups Volumes Printers Fonts Active Users Printer Log File gt Server Log File gt System Messages Versions Extension Mappings OPI Server Settings PDF Settings IP Access Edit atalk conf Edit etc printcap Edit ethershare license Edit afpyolumes Fig 96 Opening the Lists menu while pressing the Option key More information about parameters of the atalk conf file and about syntax conventions are given in chapter 8 2 Sys tem configuration 190 5 EtherShare Admin 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts Multiple lists 5 15 Multiple EtherShare hosts In networks with mo

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