500A_manual
Contents
1. controlled delay and pulsewidth DELAY 0 to 99 9999998 sec PULSEWIDTH 400 ns to 99 9999998 sec RESOLUTION 200 ns ACCURACY 20 ns 0001 x delay TIMEBASE 5 MHz 25 PPM crystal oscillator RMS JITTER 10 ns 0001 x period 100 ns max TRIG DELAY Ext Trig to To lt 10 ms OO ON Ps Week EXTERNAL TRIG GATE 1 RATE Dc to 1 75 ms largest delay period 2 THRESHOLD 3 VDc 3 mA into optoisolator 3 TRIGGER SLOPE Rising or falling edge 4 GATE Active low or active high 5 IMPEDANCE 1000 W INTERNAL RATE GENERATOR MODES Single shot burst duty cycle continuous external trigger external gate RATE To period 100 ms to 99 9999998 sec 01 Hz to 10 KHz ACCURACY 20 ns 0001 x period RMS JITTER 10 ns 0001 x period BURST MODE 1 to 50 000 pulses ONS OUTPUTS T1 T2 T3 T4 1 IMPEDANCE 50 W 2 SLEW RATE gt 2 V ns 3 OVERSHOOT lt 100 mV 10 of pulse amplitude 4 AMPLITUDE 1 10V into 50W load 2 20V into high impedance load manually adjusted all outputs at same level 1 PEAK CURRENT 400 mA per channel 2 AVERAGE CURRENT 200 mA average total for all channels COMPUTER INTERFACE 1 RS232 9600 Baud All instrument functions and settings may be controlled over the interface bus GENERAL 1 STORAGE Twelve 12 complete configurations may be stored and recalled from the front panel or the computer interface 2 DIMENSIONS 7 5 x 9 0 x 4 0 3 WEIGHT 5 lbs 4 POWER lt 20 watts 120 or 220 Vac MAINTENAN2. needlessly Remove housings and covers only when necessary Turn off equipment while making test connections in high voltage circuits Discharge high voltage capacitors after removing power 2 If possible familiarize yourself with the equipment being tested and the location of its high voltage points However remember that high voltage may appear at unexpected points in defective equipment 3 Use an insulated floor material or a large insulated floor mat to stand on and an insulated work surface on which to place equipment Make certain such surfaces are not damp or wet 4 Use the time proven one hand in the pocket technique while handling an instrument probe Be particularly careful to avoid contacting a nearby metal object that could provide a good ground return path 5 When testing AC powered equipment remember that AC line voltage is usually present on some power input circuits such as the on off switch fuses power transformer etc any time the equipment is connected to an AC outlet even if the equipment is turned off 6 Never work alone Someone should always be nearby to render aid if necessary Training in CPR first aid is highly recommended CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS This chapter explains the function of each control and connector on the 500A Front Panel The front panel contains the most frequently used controls and connectors Display The 500A features a backlit liquid crystal display on which menu selections and set
3. trigger input is active Selecting Low will make the gate active low while selecting High will make the gate active high Setting the GATE menu to Off will disable the Gate function The setting of the GATE menu is used to determine when the signal is active If the gate menu is set active High pulses will only be generated if the Ext Gate input signal is greater than 3 5 Volts If set to active Low then outputs will be enabled as long as the Ext Gate input signal is less than 2 0 Volts ToPer To Period Except when in External Trigger or Single Shot mode all pulse outputs are based on an internal timer called To This menu is used to select the rate at which To runs by selecting the time period in microseconds between timer pulses When in Continuous Burst or Duty Cycle mode pulses are output at the rate determined by To The frequency of pulse outputs in these modes can be found by taking the reciprocal of the To Period setting Width and Delay Menus This set of menus is used to set the delay and pulse width for each of the output channels Note Channel 2 delay is slightly different than the other channels in that it is delayed from the channel 1 T1 output Ta Dly Tn Delay Each of the four channels has an independent delay setting which is set from the Tn Dly menu where n 1 2 3 or 4 When in any mode but External Trigger the Delay setting sets the delay from the time the internal timer To goes high until a pulse is outp
4. Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation Model 500 Digital Delay Generator Manual Summary Table of Contents Introduction Controls and Connectors Operating Instructions Computer Interface Specifications Maintenance Custom Features Timing Diagrams CO ON to INTRODUCTION This manual is designed to help you quickly and easily learn to use your Berkeley Nucleonics Model 500A pulse generator Rather than the usual array of knobs and switches the 500A uses a menu driven user interface with on line help once you learn the basics of operating your 500A you may never need to refer to this manual again The 500A has some unique features that are designed exclusively for use as a laser trigger signal generator but can also be used as a general purpose pulse generator Because it employs a flexible microprocessor controlled architecture the 500A can be customized to fit your exact requirements contact Berkeley Nucleonics for details Technical Support For questions or comments about operating the 500A contact Berkeley Nucleonics via one of the following methods 1 Phone 415 453 9955 2 Fax 415 453 9956 3 Internet www BerkeleyNucleonics com Parts List The following parts are Included with the 500A contact Berkeley Nucleonics if any parts are missing 1 500A Pulse Generator 2 AC Power Cord 3 User s Manual 4 Quick Reference Card Warranty In addition to a 30 day money back guarantee the 500A has a o
5. CE Except for fuse replacement the 500A should require no maintenance Replacing the Fuse A pair of fuses are mounted in the power entry module To replace fuses follow the instructions given below 1 Unplug the 500A from power source and remove power cord from the back panel 2 Remove the fuse holder by pushing down on the center tab and pulling out 3 Remove the faulty fuse and replace with one of a similar rating 5 x 20 mm 125 Amp 4 Reinstall the fuse holder 5 Reattach the power cord
6. and Right arrow keys are used to select a digit to edit The selected digit blinks to identify itself as the active digit The Up and Down arrow keys are used to increment or decrement this digit When the left most digit is active pressing and holding the Left arrow key will display a brief description of the current item When the right most digit is active pressing and holding the Right arrow key will display the range and units for the current item Item Edit Mode When the current item is non numeric the Up and Down arrow keys are used to select among different options for the entry The Left and Right arrow keys are used to display a description of the item Main Menu The Main Menu consists of a set of menus selections used to set the operating mode time period and frequency of the 500A MODE Pulse Modes There are five 5 different pulse modes available Continuous Mode While in Continuous mode the 500A will generate pulses at the rate set by the internal To Period as set in the ToPer menu The delay of each of the outputs is relative to To except for Channel 2 which is delayed from the active edge of Channel 1 this is always the case for Channel 2 The Ext Gate input may be used as a gate or interlock by setting the GATE menu to Low or High Pulses will only be generated while the Ext Gate input is active Selecting Low will make the gate active low while selecting High will make the gate active high Set to Off to disable the ga
7. fore being re enabled This cycle is repeated for a set number of times CYCLES menu after which all output cease Setting the number of cycles to zero results in continuous cycling until the Stop Key is pressed The Ext Gate input may be used as a gate or interlock by setting the GATE menu to Low or High Pulses will then only be generated while the external trigger input is active Selecting Low will make the gate active low while selecting High will make the gate active high The Run key must be pressed to start the Duty Cycle mode Burst Burst mode is similar to Continuous except only a certain number of pulses will be output BURST menu after which outputs are disabled The Ext Gate input may be used as a gate or interlock by setting the GATE menu to Low or High Pulses will then only be generated while the external trigger input is active Selecting Low will make the gate active low while selecting High will make the gate active high The Run key must be pressed to start Burst mode GATE Gate Select When not in External Trigger mode the Ext Gate input on the 500A can be used as a gate signal instead When the gate is enabled pulses will only be output while the signal into the Ext Gate input is active thus this signal can act as a safety interlock or external control signal The Ext Gate input may be used as a gate or interlock by setting the GATE menu to Low or High Pulses will then only be generated while the external
8. he type of socket used in your country Before plugging in please make sure that the voltage selection switch is set to the proper setting for your country either 110V or 220V Line Voltage Selection This switch is used to select the voltage level used in your country make sure it is on the proper setting or the 500A could be damaged OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS This chapter presents detailed instructions on the operation of the 500A Overview The 500A uses a single line LCD to display menu selections The front panel keys are used to navigate through sets of menus to set various options and control the pulse generator Some keys are only active at certain times or have different behavior depending on what state the menus are in once understood the menus can be quickly and easily manipulated The 500A also contains non volatile memory for storing up to twelve 12 configurations You need not go through the entire setup process each time the instrument is used Selecting Menu Items The menu items in the 500A are arranged in a set Pressing the key will toggle between sets of menus while the key will toggle between menu items within the current set Hold down the Left arrow key to receive a short description of the current menu item Pressing and holding the Right arrow key will display the valid range for that item Numeric Input Mode When the current item is numeric the system enters the Numeric Input mode In this mode the Left
9. in microseconds 10 for Channel 3 Negative active low T3 Pol 1 Positive active high Sets the polarity of the output for Channel 3 T4 Wid 4 999999998 Sets the pulse width in microseconds 10 for Channel 4 Sets the delay in microseconds 10 for Channel 4 0 Negative active low A 1 Positive active high Sets the polarity of the output for Channel 4 0 Off 1 0n Turns the output of Channel 2 on and off 0 Off 1 Active low 2 Active high Set the number of pulses to wait after starting T1 before 0 10000 pulse enabling T2 Note This is used to allow time for the PISES laser to stabilize when T1 is used as a flashlamp trigger and T2 is the Q switch trigger 1 10000 Sets the period of T2 relative to T1 The period of T2 is j the period of T1 multiplied by n 1 1000 Beeps the buzzer inside the 500A the specified number i of times A es nable disables the pulse generator output IRECALL 0 12 Recall a stored configuration STORE Resets shot counter SHOT will return the number of 0 Reset to zero Spare nables the external input to act as a gate for Channel 2 s output 0 Disable nables Disables the RS232 echo The result string is 1 Enable always sent back 0 comma 1 period Sets the character used as a decimal point on the display VOLUME 0 9 Sets the key click volume level SPECIFICATIONS DELAYS CHANNELS Four 4 independent outputs with digitally
10. ing a 50 Ohm load The maximum voltage is adjusted by a potentiometer located on the back of the 500A T2 Channel 2 output designed specifically for use as a solid state laser Q switch trigger and has all the capabilities of the other output channels including several special modes which affect only the output of Channel 2 T3 Channel 3 output same specifications as Channel 1 T4 Output Channel 4 output same specifications as Channel 1 Ext Gate External Trigger or Gate signal input used as either an external signal to trigger the generation of pulses or as a gate signal to enable and disable the outputs The gate may be used to enable all channels or just Channel 2 Back Panel Output Voltage Adjustment The maximum output voltage of all output channels is adjusted by turning the potentiometer labeled VOUT Turn clockwise to increase the voltage counter clockwise to decrease the voltage The maximum voltage possible is 20 Volts into a high impedance load or 10 Volts into a 50 Ohm load Serial Port This is a 9 pin D sub connector for the RS232 interface that comes standard with the 500A It is pinned to be directly connected to a standard IBM PC serial port use a straight through cable not a null modem cable to connect to a PC GPIB Port A GPIB IEEE 488 interface is available as an option with the 500A AC Input A standard IEC instrument type cord should be used The 500A is supplied with a power cord that fits t
11. l should be at least 5V CRIA RWNS GPIB An optional GPIB also known as IEEE 488 computer interface is available for the 500A Before using this interface the address must be set using the GPIB Address menu item The same command set is used for both the GPIB and the RS 232 interfaces Both interfaces may be used at the same time Responses will be made to the most recently used interface Command Language All menu items can be accessed and selected via the computer interface using a simple command language The command set is the same for both the RS232 and GPIB interfaces Command Protocol All commands have the following syntax lt name gt lt gt CR where 1 indicates a command follows 2 lt name gt is the command name No spaces are allowed between the and the lt name gt The name is case sensitive 3 lt gt is an unsigned integer associated with the command A space must be inserted between lt name gt and lt H gt 4 CR isa carriage return character ASCII value 13 With echo enabled all characters sent will be echoed back to the sender Unidentified commands and most out of range conditions result in the pulse generator ignoring the command If the command is properly identified the pulse generator returns an ok followed by a carriage return and a line feed ASCH 13 ASCH 10 otherwise it returns a 1 a question mark followed by the number one a carriage return and a line feed A 2 is sent if a
12. ne year limited warranty from the date of delivery This warranty covers defects in material and workmanship Berkeley Nucleonics will repair or replace any defective unit Contact us for information on obtaining warranty service Custom Modifications The 500A is microprocessor controlled and employs a flexible and expandable user interface New features and operating modes often can be added without hardware modifications by merely modifying the software contained inside the 500A Most modifications can be made for a very modest charge contact Berkeley Nucleonics for details Safety Issues Normal use of test equipment exposes you to a certain amount of danger from electrical shock because testing must be performed where exposed voltage is present An electrical shock causing 10 milliamps of current to pass through the heart will stop most human heartbeats Voltage as low as 35 VDC or RMS AC should be considered dangerous and hazardous since it can produce a lethal current under certain conditions Higher voltages pose an even greater threat because such voltage can more easily produce a lethal current Your normal work habits should include all accepted practices that will prevent contact with exposed high voltage and that will steer current away from your heart in case of accidental contact with a high voltage You will significantly reduce the risk factor if you know and observe the following safety precautions 1 Do not expose high voltage
13. put of Channel 2 independent of the other channels If set to On Channel 2 s output will be active under the same conditions as the other channels When set to Off Channel 2 s output will remain disabled under all conditions T2 Gate When not in External Trigger mode the Ext Gate input can be used to gate the output of all the output channels or just the output of channel 2 In order to use the input to gate channel 2 the GATE selection in the Main Menu set must be set to Off and the T2 Gate selection must be set to Low or High The setting of the T2 Gate menu is used to determine when the signal is active If the gate menu is set active High Channel 2 pulses will only be generated if the Ext Gate input signal is greater than 3 5 Volt If set to active Low outputs will be enabled as long as the Ext Gate input signal is less than 2 0 Volts T2 Wait The output of Channel 2 can be delayed for a number of pulses this menu is used to set the number of pulses that must occur on the other channels before the output of Channel 2 is enabled This is particularly useful when using Channel 2 as a Q switch trigger as it allows the laser to thermally stabilize before activating the Q switch This function is active only in Continuous Burst and Duty Cycle modes Channel 2 is delayed at the start of each burst in the Burst mode or at the start of each cycle in the Duty Cycle mode T2 n T2 Period Factor The period at which Channel 2 T2 is pul
14. sed can be set as a multiple of the other channels This menu item is used to select the multiplier For example if the To Period ToPer is set to 100 sec 10Hz setting T2 n to 2 will cause the Channel 2 period to be 200 sec 5Hz Store Recall Misc Menus The 500A contains non volatile memory for storing twelve 12 different configurations The settings of all menu selections are stored and can be quickly recalled STORE Configuration Stores the current menu settings in the specified memory location one 1 twelve 12 Note If you overwrite a particular location its previous contents are destroyed A configuration is stored by using the Up and Down arrow keys to select the memory location number and pressing the Left or Right arrow key You will be prompted to press the key to verify that you want to overwrite the existing stored configuration If you press any other key the configuration will not be saved RECALL Configuration Recalls a previously stored configuration from the specified memory location To recall a configuration use the Up and Down arrow keys to select the memory location number and press the Left or Right arrow key You will prompted to press the key to verify that you want to overwrite the active configuration If you press any other key the configuration will not be recalled Note A zero configuration is available for recall This configuration resets the instrument to the factory default settings Shot Co
15. summarizes all the commands Note The name of the commands are identical to how they appear on the display of the 500A with channel parameters preceded by a T 500A Communication Commands Command Name Parameters Description MODE Sets the pulse generator mode 1 Burst mode 2 Duty Cycle mode 3 Single Shot mode 4 External Trigger mode 0 off nables the external trigger input to function as a gate Be active low controlling all outputs Cannot be used with external active high trigger mode Sets the To internal sync period in microseconds 10 MO 299292238 used only in Continuous Burst and Duty Cycle modes 1 10000 Sec Sets the on time in seconds for the Duty Cycle mode DC Off 10000 Sec Sets the off time in seconds for the Duty Cycle mode falling edge Sets the active edge of the Ext Gate signal when used as TRIG we 1 rising edge lan external trigger CYCLES 10000 cycles Sets the number of cycles for the Duty Cycle mode 1 50000 pulses Sets the number pulses i in the Burst mode T2 Wid 4 999999998 Sets the pulse width in microseconds 10 for Channel 2 Sets the delay in microseconds 10 for Channel 2 Note T2 Dly 05322222228 The delay is relative to Channel 1 0 Negative active low T2 Pol 1 Positive active high Sets the polarity of the output for Channel 2 999999998 Sets the pulse width in microseconds 10 for Channel 3 T3 Diy 999999998 Sets the delay
16. te function Note No pulses are generated until the Run key has been pressed External Trigger Mode In the External Trigger mode one pulse is output each time an active edge occurs on the Ext Gate input The external trigger polarity menu TRIG is used to determine whether the 500A is triggered on the rising or falling edge of the external trigger The delay of each output is relative to the active edge of the external trigger except for Channel 2 which is delayed from the active edge of Channel 1 Since it is being used as a trigger source the Ext Gate input cannot be used as a gate in this mode Single Shot Mode During Single Shot operation one pulse is generated each time the Run key is pressed The rate at which pulses are produced is totally dependent on how fast the Run key is pressed The delay of each of the outputs is relative to To except for Channel 2 which is delayed from the active edge of Channel 1 The external trigger input may be used as a gate or interlock by setting the GATE menu to Low or High pulses will then only be generated while the external trigger input is active Selecting Low will make the gate active low while selecting High will make the gate active high Duty Cycle The Duty Cycle mode is similar to Continuous mode in that a continuous stream of pulses is output The exception is the outputs are only active for a set number of seconds DC On menu then disabled for another set time period DC Off menu be
17. tings are shown The left half of the display shows the current menu selection while the right half shows the current setting of the item associated with that menu Control Buttons Item Button Toggles between the various items in a menu Menu Button Toggles between the various sets of menus Up Button Increments a number or increments the selection for the current item Down Button Decrements a number or increments the selection for the current item Left Button Help For numeric items this button is used to select which digit in a numeric entry is selected for editing For other items or when the left most digit is already selected for numeric items pressing and holding this button down displays a brief description of the current item Right Button range For numeric items this button is used to select which digit in a numeric entry is selected for editing For other items or when the right most digit is already selected for numeric items pressing and holding this button down displays the range and units for the current item Stop Button Disables output of pulses on all channels Run Button Enables output of pulses BNC Connectors There are five 5 connectors on the front of the 500A 4 outputs and 1 input TI Channel 1 output a general purpose pulse output with programmable delay pulse width and pulse polarity The maximum output voltage is adjustable and varies from 20 Volts open circuit to 10 Volts when driv
18. unter The 500A includes a nine 9 digit shot counter The maximum count displayed is 4 294 967 295 after which the count rolls over to zero To manually reset the counter to zero press the Left or Right arrow key at which time you will prompted to press the key to verify that you want to zero the counter If you press any other key the shot counter will not be reset Fmark The character used as a decimal point can be set to either a period or a comma The period is generally used in North America while the comma is used in Europe Volume The key click volume may be adjusted from 0 disabled to 9 The default value is 2 GPIB Address For systems with the optional GPIB interface this menu sets the GPIB address The valid address range is from 0 to 30 COMPUTER INTERFACE The 500A comes standard with an RS232 serial interface a GPIB IEEE 488 interface is available as an option All menu settings can be set and retrieved over the computer interface using a simple command language Serial RS232 Pinout The serial port is located on the back of the 500A and uses a 9 pin D type connector with the following pinout as viewed from the back of the 500A No connection Tx Transmit to computer Rx Receive from computer DTR connected to pin 6 Ground DSR connected to pin 4 RTS connected to pin 8 CTS connected to pin 7 Noconnection The voltage level of the Transmit signal is 10V the Receive signa
19. ut on a particular channel Note In the case of Channel 2 T2 the output is delayed from the active edge of T1 not To as with the other channels When in External Trigger mode the delays are with respect to the active edge of the external trigger input signal Tn Wid Tn Pulse Width Each of the four channels has an independent pulse width setting which is set from the Tn Wid menu where n 1 2 3 or 4 The pulse width is used to specify the duration of the output pulse in mS The setting of the output polarity the Tn Pol menu for a particular channel determines whether the output is high for this duration or low Tn Pol Tn Polarity Each of the four channels has an independent output polarity setting from the Tn Pol menu where n 1 2 3 or 4 When set to Positive the output will initially be at 0 Volts When active the output will go high for the specified pulse width time after which it will return to 0 The voltage level while high will depend upon the load and the setting of the output voltage adjustment on the back panel If set to Negative the output will normally be at the high voltage level When the output is activated it will go to 0 Volts for the specified pulse width time after which it will return to the high level again T2 Menus Channel 2 T2 has some special features designed to be specifically useful when used as a Q switch trigger T2 Enable This menu is used to separately enable or disable the out
20. valid command is received but the parameter is out of range Example send the following command to set the number of cycles CYCLES 100 The pulse generator will return the following Echo Enabled CYCLES 100 lt cr gt lt lf gt ok lt cr gt lt lf gt Echo Disabled ok lt cr gt lt lf gt Only one command will be processed per message Commands are not processed until the carriage return is sent If an error is made and identified prior to sending the carriage return sending a new will reset the input buffer and allow a corrected command to be sent To determine the current value of a parameter the syntax is lt name gt CR where name a valid command name This will return an integer followed by a space carriage return and a line feed character ASCII 10 Example the following command would retrieve the current Cycles setting CYCLES The pulse generator will return the following Echo Enabled CYCLES lt cr gt lt lf gt 100 lt cr gt lt lf gt Echo Disabled 100 lt cr gt lt lf gt Communication Protocol Communication parameters are set at 9600 baud 8 bits parity none and 1 stop bit To help establish RS232 communications the pulse generator emits the characters BNC approximately every 200 ms after power up and until the 500A receives a Both the GPIB and the RS232 interface may be used at the same time The instrument will respond to the port which sent the command Command List The following table
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