Sample Game Program User`s Manual
Contents
1. Logo Display 7 SMMA_IniSystem Initialize s ssssssssssssc 7 SMSL_ModeSel Execute Program Select 9 SMIL Title Title Display ninia 8 AA needed 10 VBLAN Sic ri 17 Window sampler ani 11 242. any incorrect or outdated information while reading through the attached document or come up with any questions or comments please let us know so that we can make the required changes in subsequent revisions Simply fill out all information below and return this form to the Developer Technical Support Manager at the address below Please make more copies of this form if more space is needed Thank you General Information Your Name Document number ST 159 R1 092994 Document name Sample Game Program User s Manual Corrections Questions comments Where to send your corrections 415 802 1717 Mail SEGA OF AMERICA Attn Evelyn Merritt Attn Evelyn Merritt Developer Technical Support Developer Technical Support 150 Shoreline Dr Redwood City CA 94065 Sample Game Program Users Manual 1 Introduction sees eee rennen ee Ree 3 2 ONVGIVIOW nina E LUNA 4 3 Game Sequence nennen Meee Bee 5 4 Basic Function Program nd 10 5 Action Control NN cocino 12 6 Directory Structure File Name Function Name Variable Name 18 7 Compile Execute Procedure aaneen 19 8 SIMM VCD Compatibility ee eerren 20 Sample Game Program User s Manual This page is blank in the original Japanese document 1 Introduction To develop a game responsible people are needed for planning programming designing sound development etc The following three items are among the first thing
3. result from applications based on the examples describe herein It is possible that this document may contain reference to or information about SEGA products development hardware software or services that are not provided in countries other than Japan Such references information must not be construed to mean that SEGA intends to provide such SEGA products or services in countries other than Japan Any reference of a SEGA licensed prod uct program in this document is not intended to state or simply that you can use only SEGA s licensed products programs Any functionally equivalent hardware software can be used instead SEGA will not be held responsible for any damage to the user that may result from accidents or any other reasons during operation of the user s equipment or programs according to this document NOTE A reader s comment correction form is provided with this document Please address comments to SEGA of America Inc Developer Technical Support att Evelyn Merritt 150 Shoreline Drive Redwood City CA 94065 SEGA may use or distribute whatever information you supply in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you 11 2 94 002 SEGA SEGA OF AMERICA INC Consumer Products Division Sample Game Program User s Manual Doc ST 159 R1 092994 1994 95 SEGA All Rights Reserved READER CORRECTION COMMENT SHEET Keep us updated If you should come across
4. General Notice When using this document keep the following in mind 1 This document is confidential By accepting this document you acknowledge that you are bound by the terms set forth in the non disclosure and confidentiality agreement signed separately and in the possession of SEGA If you have not signed such a non disclosure agreement please contact SEGA immediately and return this document to SEGA This document may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors Changes are periodi cally made to the information herein these changes will be incorporated in new versions of the document SEGA may make improvements and or changes in the product s and or the program s described in this document at any time No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate in any form the whole or part of this document without SEGA S written permission Request for copies of this document and for technical information about SEGA products must be made to your authorized SEGA Technical Services representative No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patents copyrights trademarks or other intellectual property rights of SEGA Enterprises Ltd SEGA of America Inc or any third party Software circuitry and other examples described herein are meant merely to indicate the character istics and performance of SEGA s products SEGA assumes no responsibility for any intellectual property claims or other problems that may
5. d Sample Game Program User s Manual 15 16 Player Action void PlayerAct GAMEACT ix ACTWK gt gt GAMEACT to cast enum INIT MAIN switch ix gt level case INIT Initialize player coordinates etc ix gt level case MAIN Move player Collision judgment break Using V Blank The game main processing structure is similar to the game sequencing structure Included in that is the intWait function The intWait function includes the screen V blank There are two main reasons why the action loop is after V blank wait 1 Reduces Flicker By executing the action after the V blank hold the next object on the frame will have a new area to be displayed If an object were to move between screen displays the scanning line position and moving direction would cause poor display Figure 8 shows this condition a is displayed correctly because move ment occurs during V blank but b and c have movement during scanning causing two objects to be displayed at the same time or nothing at all to be displayed Frame 1 During S Point Scan During S Point Scan Object moves down Object moves up E Frame 1 Figure 8 Relation of Scanning Lines and Objects 2 Timing Correct interval timing is required to get the character or background to move at a fixed constant speed V blank can be handled at in
6. ectangular window NORMAL LINE WINDOW Displays a line window SPRITE WINDOW Displays a texture form window 3WINDOW SAMPLE Displays all windows lt EXIT gt Game Sample 2D Shooting Game Sample Game Program User s Manual 11 5 Action Control What is Action A method called action is used in the 2D shooting game included in the sample games to provide quasi multitasking Action is a function that processes the action and player enemy shots and background scroll in 1 cycle This function is registered individually makeaction and the registered functions are run at the same time in a loop actionloop and executed to realize quasi multitasking This sample is supplied in smp_task c and smp_tash h and is used in most of the sample programs Action Control Makeup Action control controls action from a single source using action structures The basic action structure ACTWK is composed of the flag being used id level mode status and function executable address pcbuff and an area that can be freely set Other than id and pcbuff any of these can be used freely Also if additional infor mation needs to be stored it can then be added using a macro that is described later as a member See Figure 7 The 2D shooting game declares an exclusive action structure called GAMEACT In order to manage several actions the elements that make up ACTWK are defined in an array so that information can be saved for each action T
7. el and module abs format file to a bin format Also mfcat is used to convert each bin file to a SIMM file 20 06000000 06002000 06010000 Kernel Initialization Main Menu is resident 06080000 Module One of Logo Title Sprite Scroll Window and Game enters as nonresident Figure 10 Sample Program Memory Image Executing Procedure M SIMM File 1 Program Make WS Version make f smp mk ENTER PC Version smpmk bat ENTER This will make a smp lod that can be executed in a SIMM 2 Program Loadin and Execution 1 04020000 m smp lod ENTER rs ENTER g ENTER After a brief display of the Sega logo the sample game is executed Sample Game Program User s Manual 21 VCD Executing Procedure 1 Program Make WS Version make f smp mk ENTER PC Version smpmk bat ENTER Here the program module bin is made smplod is also made here but is not required 2 Building the Program CD ROM Image and VCD Startup Create the CD image by copying the btsmpfs scr and btsmpfs pre located in the vcd directory and the bin file which is a PC program for the VCD and by executing the following commands in the vcd directory vedpre btsmpfs pre ENTER vedbuild btsmpfs pre ENTER Start the VCD by moving the programming box switch to the VCD side and executing the following commands chev us ENTER vedemu btsmpfs ENTER Press any key at the first message and verify that SEEK2 is displayed in the command co
8. er the program ends the game mode variables are set to SELECT_MODE before return so the Program Select is executed unconditionally When EXIT is selected the game mode variable is set to LOGO_MODE and returned so the transition occurs to the Sega Logo display unconditionally Wait for the next event while the demo is running Demo Ends Wait for the image event Substitute MN_SEGALOGO Substitute MN_TITLE in in G2D_mode_no G2D_mode_no Figure 6 Demo Execution The following items are in the Program Select Menu 1 SCROLL SAMPLE 2 SPRITE SAMPLE 3 WINDOW SAMPLE 4 GAME SAMPLE 5 EASY SOUND TEST 6 lt EXIT gt Sample Game Program User s Manual 4 Basic Function Program The basic function program is executed by selecting as scroll sample sprite sample window sample or game sample from the game sequence program select At first a selection screen similar to the program selector screen appears Use the D pad to select and the C button to execute The scroll sample sprite sample and window sample menus have the items shown below Each item in these menus is configured to allow a simple program to be created Refer to the source code for the contents of each program Scroll Sample 1 De 3 7 BITMAP SCROLL Draws points lines and boxes Uses NBGO bitmap format RGB32768 color mode NORMAL SCROLL Scrolls up down left and right Uses NBGO cell format 256 color mode LINE SCROLL Scrolls w
9. ernal variable the status can be changed from any of the subroutines The LOGO_MODE is held as the initialization value so start the system at the SEGA Logo display The contents of the various subroutine processes are shown below SMMA_IniSystem Initialize Initializes the system as shown in Figure 3 Initialize the hardware etc within the system initialization process SMMA_IniSystem Q System Initialization Figure 3 System Initialization Flow SMLO_SegaLogo Sega Logo Display The Sega logo is displayed as shown in Figure 4 Because the game mode variables go to TITLE MODE before returning the title is displayed without further conditions SMLO_SegaLogo Display SEGA Logo SEGA ie Waits for elapsed time or for the START button to bepressed Substitute TITLE_MODE with SMMA_MainMode Figure 4 Sega Logo Display Flow Sample Game Program User s Manual 7 SMTI_Title Title Display The title is displayed as shown in Figure 5 After the START button is pressed move to program select Sample Program SMTI_Title Ver 1 00 PRESS START BUTTON Display Title C 1994 SEGA Wait until START button is pressed Insert SELECT_Mode in SMMA_Main Mode Figure 5 Title Display Flow SMSL_ModeSel Execute Program Select The program select screen is displayed as shown in Figure 6 Use the D pad to select and C button to execute the sample program game program etc Aft
10. es for unused actions from the start of the array for the count number regis tering any unused actions along the way In other words the range is specified and the action is set This function can be used in situations like shot actions where the same action is set in multiplicity If the range in the array that holds the action is known collisions can be easily secured void SMTA SetAction void execadd Uint8 start Forces the action to be set in the start of the string It is set whether or not the action is in use It can be used in player action and so on that will only be set once void SMTA_ActionLoop void Searches in order from the beginning of the array to the end executing all of the active actions The pointer to the action structure is passed to the action as an argu ment Macro SMTA DefActWk actname member Declares an exclusive action structure This entails using a free set member Refer to the program below for an example This macro does nothing more than declare the structure by governing the action structure information uses SMTA_CheckAction ACTWK ptr This macro has a true 1 value when an action was registered and a false 0 when it did not Refer to the example below for the usage Example ACTWK ptr ptr SMTA MakeActionX ShotAct 0 8 if SMTA_CheckAction ptr Register OK else Register Failed SMTA KillAction ACTWK ptr This macro changes the action to inactive by
11. hile shaking in vertical and horizontal directions Uses NBGO cell format 256 color mode MULTI SCROLL Displays several layers simultaneously by giving a priority to the scroll Uses NBGO0 3 each surface is cell format 16 color mode LINE COLOR SAMPLE Calculates the color for each line lowering the translucency rate as it gets closer to the center of the screen ROTATE SCROLL Rotates scroll at an angle horizontally and vertically Uses RBGO cell format 256 color mode lt EXIT gt Sprite Sample 1 2 3 10 POLYGON TEST POLYLINE TEST TEXTURE TEST Rotates enlarges and reduces polygons polylines and textures Changes the content of the sprite structure HENKEI TEST Scales the peripheral of the sprite Defines 4 points and transforms the inside texture LINE TEST Moves lines in the screen while changing colors Sets the position of 4 points and the move speed and varies the texture within SHADOW TEST Displays the sprite or polygon as a shadow Displays a normal or MSB shadow while the sprite automatically calculates color while fading in and fading out 7 SPRITE TEST Rotates enlarges and reduces the texture while moving it around 8 SHADING TEST Adds different shades to each of 3 cubes Adds no shading flat shading and Gouraud shading 9 3D TEST Rotates enlarges and reduces a polygon 10 lt EXIT gt Window Sample 1 2 NORMAL BOX WINDOW Displays a r
12. his controls multiple actions The maximum size of this array is set by ACTWKMAX In other words only a maximum number of ACTWKMAX can be registered There are two types of actions registered those that are not used and have no condi tions and those that are registered in specified areas in the array Actions that are registered are called up by the actionloop The actionloop at this time passes the pointer to that action as an argument so that during the action action information can be operated 12 Structure ACTWK Type Array SMTA_Action Buf Structure ACTWK AAA 128 ACTWKMAX _ level Action Function ACTWKSIZE Free Set Area Structure GAMEACT GAMEACT acn Address Figure 7 Basic Structure and Exclusive Structure Explanation of theAction Control Function and Macro The functions supplied in smp_task c and smp_task h are explained here Function void SMTA MakeAction void execadd This function searches for unused actions id 0 and registers the executable address to the pcbuff It then changes the action to active id 1 In this function the action number within the array is undefined This causes problems when action informa tion is compared Shot and player collision hit determination is one example If the order needs to be controlled use the following function Sample Game Program User s Manual 13 void SMTA MakeActionX void execadd Uint8 start Uint8 count Search
13. lumn 3 Program Execution rs ENTER g ENTER The sample game will start after the Sega logo is momentarily displayed In both SIMM and VCD rs and g start the boot ROM and execute read IP BIN from SIMM or VCD The sample is executed by reading the kernel from IP BIN Procedure for the Module Partition For partitioning to the kernel and module symbol information is required by each side mutually and thus some steps are needed to be taken To create the common information ABS file use the method shown in Figure 11 The tool used to extract the symbols from the map file differ depending on the development environment being used as shown below 1 PC Version SYMADD EXE Map File Name ENTER 2 WS Version awk f kiri awk Map File Name ENTER 22 Module Source Module Object Kernal Source Kernal Object ABS Kernel with Module Kernal Map Information Symbol Extract Tool ABS Module with Kernel Information Module Map Symbol Extract Tool Module Symbol ABS Kernel with Module Kernel Map Information Figure ti Module Partition Procedure Sample Game Program User s Manual 23 INDEX A 12 Acton Controlan i 4 12 Basic Function PROS FAN s 4 Compile PPO COMIC wiener ren i erde needs 19 Execute ProcedUre vesical iii 19 Game pampeana ld ado ida 11 Game Sequence da 4 Module Classification 22 Scroll Sample alla 10 SMLO_SegaLogo Sega
14. ogram g 06010000 ENTER Execute the sample program WS Version Execute the following commands from the debugger command line Command Comment rs ENTER Reset the ICE g ENTER Execute the BOOT ROM If it won t boot up reset the target ftp WS name or IP address ENTER User name ENTER Password ENTER ll r smp abs ENTER Loads the sample program g 06010000 ENTER Executes the sample program Sample Game Program User s Manual 19 8 SIMM VCD Compatibility With normal software data is not loaded read at the same time into work memory when it is executed but is broken into modules which are read into memory each time it is required The blocks that are resident in the work memory are only for initializing reading and executing each module That resident block is called a kernel Actual game software is stored in a CD ROM or cartridge ROM and after launch ing reset is in a form to be partitioned and loaded This is emulated by SIMM or VCD Using a sample program as an example modularization will be explained An image of the work memory when the sample program is partitioned into mod ules is shown in Figure 10 Also a listing of the kernels and modules in the sample are shown below Kernel smp_krnl bin Modules logo bi titl bi wind bi scrl bi gm2d bi sprt bi d214 bi P D Je D 5 5 These programs are found in the segagam1 directory Here the rof2bin is used during make to convert the kern
15. s a programmer must keep in mind 1 Characteristics of the game machine hardware 2 Development environment of the game machine 3 Game programming basics This manual concentrates on explaining 3 Game Programming Basics using sample programs To aid in understanding this manual it would be beneficial to play several games on a MEGA Drive or other game machine Also it would help to read the coding regulations from the sample program list The program must be changed since part of it does not satisfy the game creation standard For instance the program performs input of the controller by the through mode but this should be changed because the SMPC command must be used Sample Game Program User s Manual 3 2 Overview This sample program is located in the SEGAGAME directory The sample program structure is shown in Figure 1 however this manual breaks it up into the following classifications Game Sequence These are display Sega logo display title display and program select in Figure 1 These are common for most games Basic Function Program The basic function programs are the sprite samples and scroll sample shown in Figure 1 Action Control This is the 2D shooting game and a game demo is shown in Figure 1 The manual explains how to create the action game in this section The program that expresses the action including the player own machine enemy other machine collision check background scroll etc i
16. s also covered This action is controlled by the action control program SEGA Logo Program Display Title Display Window Sprite Scroll 2D Shooting Sample Sample Sample Game Figure 1 Program Structure 3 Game Sequence Figure 2 shows the game sequence in flow chart form This flow is controlled within the program by status flags called game mode variables Display SEGA Logo Display Title START Button Program Select Figure 2 Game Sequence Flow Sample Game Program User s Manual 5 The game sequence uses C language main function and appears like the following Uint32 SMMA MainMode Game Mode Variable Uint32 SMMA Mainlevel Level in the Game Mode void main void SMMA IniSystem System Initialization SMV1_SprCmdStart SMV1_SprCmdEna SCL_DisplayFrame SMMA MainMode LOGO MODE SMMA Mainlevel 0 for Infinite Loop switch SMMA MainMode Game Mode case LOGO_MODE At Sega Logo State SMLO_SegaLogo Display Sega Logo break case TITLE MODE At Title State SMTI_Title Display Title break case SELECT_MODE At Program Select State SMSL_Select Execute Program Select break Depending on the game mode variables in the main function different subroutine functions are called up and used repeatedly The game mode variable determines the following operation states Because the game mode variable is defined as an ext
17. tervals of 1 60 of a second Therefore even if variation occurs by an amount equal to the processing of a single action loop the motion speed can be kept constant at a fixed speed However if the action loop cannot be completely processed during 1 frame it cannot be used as an accurate timer Sample Game Program User s Manual 17 6 Directory Structure File Name Function Name Variable Name Figure 9 shows directory structure saturn segalib segasmp segadat segabin Main Processing segagame game2d scroll sprite window sound cgdata Figure 9 Directory Structure All file names start with smp_ Also external variables and external functions start with SM _ See the table below for specific examples Function Variable Contents Prefix smp_main c Main processing Display logo Display select Display title Action control Scroll sample Sprite sample Window sample Sound sample 18 7 Compile Execute Procedure Compiling Procedure PC Version Execute smpmk bat in the saturn segagame directory C saturn segagame gt smpmk bat ENTER WS Version Make smp mk in the segagame directory saturn segagame make f smp mk ENTER Execute Procedure PC Version Execute the following commands from the debugger command line Command Comment rs ENTER Reset the ICE g ENTER Execute the BOOT ROM If it won t boot up reset the target l r ismp abs ENTER Load the sample pr
18. writing a 0 to the id and normally is described during action and by self set action to non action That action will not execute in the next actionloop Example void PlayerAct ACTWK ix if Deadflag Player is killed SMTA_KillAction ix 14 Example ofAction Control Shows an actual example of use Variable definition Uint8 Mainlevel Uint8 Gameover SMTA_DefActWk GAMEACT SPRITE sprite SPRITE DISPLAY Sint16 wreg 4 Universal use register Sint16 went 4 Universal use counter Uint8 colino collision table index Uint8 coliatr collision attribute Uint8 coliflg collision flag Uint8 atp kougeki ryoku Sint16 hp hit point Declares exclusive action structure GAMEACT Function Prototype void GameMain void void PlayerAct GAMEACT void EnemyAct GAMEACT void ScrollAct GAMEACT Action Example Main Program void GameMain void enum INIT MAIN Mainlevel INIT Gameover 0 Game end flag for intWait Wait for V blank switch Mainlevel case INIT InitVdp Initialize VDP SMTA_ActWkInit Initialize action work SMTA_MakeAction PlayerAct Set player action SMTA_MakeAction EnemyAct Set enemy action SMTA_MakeAction ScrollAct Set background action Mainlevel case MAIN SMTA ActionLoop if Gameover Mainlevel break case EXIT return Game en
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