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Landscape Management System User`s Manual

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1. H 97 Density Management Diagram eese eene tnter E e trennen tne te estne nenne ie esateke iea 98 Distribution Diamectet s srren hee et Ute E nos ae b de d tede rede in es 98 Distribution Helght eraut PO ee bb eb novae d ee eb Ea abet eie 98 Basal Area by Diameter Clas8 1e ee tree bie eaae Dien ee eee t Fa iie aes 98 Basal Area and TPA by Diameter Class eese eene nennen nennen trennen ne A e ener 98 Stand Volume thru Time noH eie etiem cite ide dr CHR Standing Volume by Size Class Cut Volume by Size ML MAT PAI Chart decet pete eee Sete ERN RO eee iat eee ade eodeni cet E R E RET eie Ege Landscape Charts Density Management Diagram Landscape Volume thru Time Volume by Size Class Cut Volume by Size Class Advanced Charts Struct Stage Classification ioter pete tepida pe ee e Dp e ede bea CREE Oliver Struc Stage Class W119 X iecit eee enne eee eee e neue ARN Pene ORAE EO RETE EREE 99 Carey Struc S Class Win3 x Ai Bast Cascade S S Class W1013 X c inest iie PR Mn eii tate te t eR eR TA Re 100 Puget Trough S S Class War x ssc nene de RER EE REA Ue Une rau Eee REO ERES S 100 Heipht Diamter Plot suche ee ete ee beo t ret Dite debe ke noce epus 100 Manual Organization The LMS Manual has been divided into seven distinct secti
2. poese e ERRE nnne Changing the way Logs are Bucked see Adding Tree Record Numbers to Table Outputs sese Changing How Stand Structure Classification Summarizations are Performed ss 52 Why the Charts amp Graphs Configuration Button does not Work sse 53 Including Range Poles in Stand Visualizations sees tetentenenens 53 Changing The Look Of Stand Visualizations sees tete enne tentenenens 54 Defining a New Viewpoint in UVIEW R moving the Cache ee eee RR IRR RR HR RR re DR URRER Capturing Images from Visualizations essent tenente tenen entente tente eene tete tenent eee tenentes 55 Saving Images Using SVS and Uview sees tenen tenete teen entente tentent 55 Saving Images using Win S VS issicscscscedasssssecsesss tepore td et e RR RU ER eR ED RE TRRRUA 56 LMS File Formats Poittfolio Eiles EMS 5 eR ROI EN NOE I ERI 56 Stand Database Files SDB esses eee entente tree tenete ntn tn steterit tentes 57 SiteIndex File ESI ite etie eee een ee dii eite ede ERG 58 Inventory Files oN V etre Rire ete e eed ri rade dre EET Snag Files SNG sse Regeneration and Ingrowth Files RGN Scenario Files SCN and Log Files LOG CDI 62 Bibliography teet er e bene
3. Enable ingrowth option by clicking the check box next to Enable in the Ingrowth section Press the Default button in the Ingrowth section to select the default ingrowth file In this example we will use the default file but in other cases it is probably desirable to edit the file to reflect the landscape being treated 6 Click OK When the LMSCMD PIF file finishes running the treatment is complete BR Analyzing Stands and Landscapes This section deals with those functions that analyze both the current and projected stand information in a portfolio The ability of LMS to perform various analysis functions allows users to determine the result of various treatments made to the portfolio There are three main types of analysis that LMS can perform The first is to summarize and display data in a tabular format These tables can be viewed internally within LMS or exported to another program such as Microsoft Excel or Access for further analysis The second type of analysis is a set of charts These charts run internally within LMS displaying and summarizing data The final type of analysis is the visualization functions stand stand comparison and landscape visualizations These visualizations show a large number of parameters inherent to each stand in a very easy to understand way Tables Tables are analysis tools that provide data summarized in textual form The tables present in LMS have been designed to provide basic forestry statisti
4. LOGVAL analyzes the output from the BUCKTRE program and assigns values to the output Usage LOGVAL loglist lgl loglist val Sort log records and assign values Options include i filename ini filename t sorttable sort table to use y verbose output LOGVAL Version 1 4 Mar 26 1998 15 15 27 Copyright 1996 J B McCarter University of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 Figure 69 LOGVAL Help Screen MAKESVS Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Note MAKESVS was written as part of the Landscape Management Project MAKESVS is the program that LMS uses to convert LMS tree list files into input files for SVS MAKESVS does file format conversion adds crown width information and generates spatial coordinates The valid command line options for MAKESVS are 78 Usage MAKESVS a x y glul lcl n i r 4mv w h flglmlolplsliz flolpisiz oldfile newfile SVS Converts text files to input file for use by SVS See documentation for xamples and explanation of options Options include h help on G enerate F VS M AKETLS O RGANON P DAS S PS Z elig read 4 sided crowns from MAKESVS format file set plot area default 1 acre set plot depth y or width x
5. Typographic Conventions The following conventions are used in this manual to highlight and emphasize FilelOpen Commands are selected from the menu are indicated by the menu name File and command Open separated by a vertical bar Commands followed by an ellipsis indicate that the command leads to additional steps usually dialog boxes Courier Font Courier font is used to indicate typing by the user in text or screen output courier text surrounded by a box Courier font is also used to highlight filenames filename ext in the text Italics Italics are used in the text to highlight variable names Pro jekt v vs In LMS the verb project pro jekt is used when discussing the Proj ekt n estimation of stand conditions at a future time The noun project proj ekt is not used in order to avoid the confusion caused by using both pronunciations Instead portfolio is used for the collection of files for a particular landscape e g the Pack Forest portfolio the Harry Osborne Forest portfolio Acknowledgements We would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the following people who have provided support or help in the development of LMS Concept and Design Dave Larsen Professor of Silviculture University of Missouri John Kershaw Professor of Silviculture Melody Steele Bob McGaughey Cooperative for Forest System Engineering USDA Forest Service and University of Washington Richard Teck
6. 3 Select to save the file asa PCX file Experience has shown that the PCX format is the simplest to use 4 Entertestimg asthe file you want to create In the future you can also specify the drive and directory you wish to save the file by using a DOS style command line i e C Temp Donttch pcx would save the file to drive C in the Temp directory and name it Donttch pcx If you do not specify a drive and directory then the file will be saved to the LMS program directory 5 Press OK to save the image 55 Saving Images using WinSVS In this example we will save a Stand Visualization image of stand 82 of the Example portfolio as 800x600 PCX file 1 Create a stand visualization page 24 using WinS VS of stand 82 2 Select FilelSave image as to open the WinSVS Save Image dialog box Figure 50 Save SYS image xi r Save to Image size Clipboard 320 by 240 File C 640 by 480 Cancel oi H m File format C1 024 by 768 Help z y e I C 1280 by 960 m Bits per pixel C Other 8 G 24 C TARGA TGA C PPM Maintain aspect Figure 50 WinSVS Save Image Dialog Box 3 Select the Save to File option Choosing to the clipboard will allow you to paste the image directly into a document or graphics editing program Choosing to a file will save it to the disk Select the Zsoft PCX file format Choose a 800 by 600 image size Press OK to open the File di
7. default 208 71 ft generate tree location coordinates default random initilize random number seed integer default random start read FVS ORGANON PDAS SPS Zelig file format default MAKESVS include range poles at corners tall default 20 feet verbose default off crown height width ratio default crown length 0 5 MAKESVS Version 0 98 1995 07 09 04 52 08 Copyright 1995 James B McCarter Univ of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 2100 Figure 70 MAKESVS Help Screen MAKEUVDB Authors Michael Pederson James B McCarter Mike Wimberly and Jeremy Wilson Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Note MAKEUVDB was written as part of the Landscape Management Project MAKEUVDB EXE is used to convert LMS treelist information into a summarized file format that can be converted to a UVIEW structure database using ASC2DB EXE A UVIEW structure database defines the numbers species and sizes of trees to display in the landscape visualizations UVIEW is a DOS program and is therefore subject to memory limitations Large structure databases resulting from either many polygons or detailed lists of tree sizes and species within polygons can cause errors from lack of memory MAKEUVDB has been designed to allow for a variety of classification res
8. 0 00 1994 8 DF 16 00 91 00 0 55 250 239 99 0 00 lal mm NUM Figure 14 Landscape Inventory table Charts Charts are analysis tools that summarize data in a graphical format Charts provide an excellent way to summarize data over time and show trends Like the tables in LMS Charts can be added and customized to reflect specific needs see The LMS Programmers Guide Chart Dialog Box The Chart dialog box Figure 15 is the user interface to all the charts available in the Landscape Management System This is the default chart dialog box used in LMS the actual dialog may be different 21 Select Chart to View Basal Area by Diameter Class Figure 15 Chart Dialog Box Chart Type The Stand Chart Landscape Chart and Advanced Chart options specify what type of chart LMS will run Like the Table dialog box page 19 stand level charts summarize information for one selected stand while landscape level charts summarize the entire landscape Chart Selection This list box shows all of the charts of a specific type available in your version of LMS Only one chart can be selected at a time Polygon Selection The Polygon to Display drop box specify which stand will be summarized when running a stand level chart Close Button The Close button closes any open chart windows in LMS Chart Help Button Opens a file that explains the function of each chart available in your version of LMS
9. Double clicking will allow you to rename the file not recommended Double clicking on directories will allow you to descend into the directory File Name Put simply this is the name of the file that will be used when exiting the dialog box may be saving or opening You can type a name here if you want but typically it will have to exist to be used Files of Type Specifies what type of files will be shown in the File Selection Box The contents of this drop down box will change depending on what dialog is being used Open and Cancel Buttons These two buttons are fairly obvious 16 bit File Dialogs The 16 bit dialogs Figure 60 are used throughout most of LMS The are very similar to the 32 bit dialogs but lack some of the functionality that the 32 bit contain Open 2 x File name Folders Cancel ec E Ims exam82 Network Tir example oldini python List files of type Drives LMS Files Ims amp c solomon Figure 60 16 bit File Dialog File Name This line specifies what file will be used when the dialog box is exited File Selection Box This box allows users to select the file name they wish to use by clicking on the file with the mouse pointer Folders Selection Box This box allows users to browse through the various folders contained on the computer To descend into a directory double click on its name To close a folder do the same 68 List files of type Specifies
10. 0 0 0 DF 1 2 11 0 85 30 0 0 0 WH 0 8 10 0 80 30 0 0 0 DF 1 5 12 0 80 30 0 0 0 DF 0 8 10 0 75 30 0 0 0 WH 1 0 9 0 80 30 0 0 0 DF 1 5 12 0 85 30 0 0 0 R 1 0 12 0 90 30 0 0 0 RA 1 1 13 0 87 30 0 0 0 WH 1 0 10 0 88 30 0 0 0 Figure 56 Regeneration File Format The file is divided into seven columns of information The first column is the species code for whatever model is being used to project the landscape The second is the diameters of the trees being planted The third column is the heights of the trees while the fourth is the crown ratios The final column with any values is the expansion factor for that record or the number of trees per acre it represents Notice that these values are larger those of newly planted trees This is because the regeneration file represents 10 year old trees they are planted into the site at the end of the growth cycle Scenario Files SCN and Log Files LOG Scenario file for Example Portfolio Port folio EXAMPLE EndYear 2014 Year Stand Treatment and modifiers 0 TP INCLUDE R 35 PERCENT ABOVE EXCLUDE DF 50 B 5 10 15 TPA BELOW PLANT DF RGN 150 SDI BELOW INCLUDE DF WH 5 X INCLUDE BM R Figure 57 Scenario File Format The scenario file contains a header that must follow a specific format Any comment lines are preceded by a and will not be read by LMS The two lines preceded by a are variables th
11. College of Forest Resources Box 352100 83 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Str_clas is a 32 bit program that runs all the structural stage classifications present in LMS These include Oliver 1981 Oliver 5 class Oliver East side South East Carey and HCSSPT Str_clas v1 6 1 Copyright 1999 Christopher E Nelson University of Washington Usage structure exe options class files Options Use alternative coeff from file Use snag file Use proportional output Use graphing output Oliver s 81 Classification Oliver s 98 Classification Carey s Classification Oliver s 81 East Classification Oliver s 98 East Classificaiton HCSSPT Classification Oliver Sc Classifcation Oliver 5c Class P S Park Variant Use fill Classifications lt folioname gt tre X Trefile generated by LHS lt folioname gt sdb SDBFile required for p lt folioname gt sng SNGFile required for s outfile output file Figure 73 Str_clas Help Screen SVS Stand Visualization System Author Bob McGaughey Contact Information mcgoy u washington edu SVS is the stand visualization software that LMS uses to depict stand level pictures This section is a short review of some useful features of SVS A more detailed discussion of saving and printing images can be found in Capturing Images from Visualizations page 55 More information about SVS is in the help file available by pressing F1 while SVS is running or by contacting Bob M
12. FEET or METERS Q suppress all output to the screen Notes source and destination file names must be different existing destination file will be overwritten Figure 68 IMPRTDEM Help Screen Graphics Server for Windows Developed by Pinnacle Publishing Integrated into LMS by James B McCarter Graphics Server for Windows GSW is a graphical plug in used by LMS to produce various graphs and charts Landvis Author Christopher E Nelson Contact Information email cnelson silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 543 5772 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Landvis is a 32 bit version of the MAKEUVDB program It was rewritten to be more robust for Windows 95 98 NT The commands are identical between the two versions LMSMAP Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu TI Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resource Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Note LMSMAP was written as part of the Landscape Management Project LMSMAP loads a bmp port folio bmp file for displaying a planimetric map of stands on the landscape LOGVAL Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 8 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195
13. S Wilson 92 Script acres py The Stand Area Table provides acres and proportion of landscape for each stand Landscape Inventory Author James B McCarter Note This table cannot be modified The Landscape Inventory Table provides inventory records for all stands in one time period Landscape Scenario Author James B McCarter Note This table cannot be modified The Landscape Scenario Table provides inventory records for all stands in all cycles of the simulation Landscape Summary Author James B McCarter Script standsum py The Landscape Summary Table provides typical stand level summary statistics by stand by year by species Landscape Species Mix Author Jeremy S Wilson Script sppmix py The Landscape Species Mix Table provides proportion by species for each year in the simulation Proportion by TPA Basal Area and Volume are provided Canopy Layers by Stand Author Jeremy S Wilson Script layers3 py The Canopy Layers by Stand Table uses the layer detection algorithm to determine the number of layers in each stand Landscape Volume Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volume py The Landscape Volume Table summarizes the total volume on the landscape Standing and Cut Volume Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volumeb py The Standing and Cut Volume Table summarizes the total volume on the landscape 93 Volume by Size Class Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volbydbh py The Volume b
14. WA 98195 Email Imssupport silvae cfr washington edu WWW Ims cfr washington edu Additional information and future versions will be available from our anonymous FTP site silvae cfr washington edu or our web page Ims cfr washington edu The author of SVS and UVIEW Bob McGaughey can be reached at Bob McGaughey 206 543 47 13 Cooperative for Forest Systems Engineering College of Forest Resources University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Email mcgoy u washington edu WWW forsys cfr washington edu The authors of the ORGANON growth model can be reached at ORGANON Growth amp Yield Project 541 737 4951 Department of Forest Resources College of Forest Resources Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 Email organon Q ccmail orst edu WWW www cof orst edu cof fr research organon The authors of the FVS growth model can be reached at Forest Management Service Center 970 498 1500 3825 E Mulberry St Fort Collins CO 80524 Email fmsc wo ftcol fs fed us WWW www fs fed us fmsc fvs htm Obtaining and Installing LMS Obtaining a copy of the Landscape Management System Copies of the program can be obtained from WWW Ims cfr washington edu Imsdown html FTP silvae cfr washington edu pub lms Or to obtain a CD contact James B McCarter 206 616 2376 Silviculture Lab Box 352100 College of Forest Resources University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Installing the Landscape Management Sy
15. With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ViewlLandscape to run a landscape visualization 2 UVIEW will display a three dimensional representation of the landscape Figure 23 When finished press QUIT to exit the program 28 About UUIEM 2 02 O OB based symbol O Display trees m Display structure D No vegetation Terrain model 0 Database Specify query C Blan view _ Save serim Default parameters __Fun sereen Redraw Head 553321 5189286 1659 Focus 555352 5188088 1165 Quit Figure 23 Landscape Visualization Using Scenarios Files Scenario files provide an easy way to treat all of the stands in a landscape simultaneously through time The basic format of the file is a list of treatments for the stands in specific years Figure 24 These treatments use a keyword language shown below Typically the treatments contained within the file are prototyped using the Treatment Filter page 13 and then combined for a final analysis of the effects on the landscape It is not necessary for a treatment to be defined for every stand in every year only in those years where you want to do an operation There are advantages of using a scenario file for the final analysis of the landscape The first is that LMS will perform the treatment automatically before it makes each growth projection eliminating much of the effort The second is that it makes the projections reproducible The scenari
16. box Figure 35 2 Select stand 17 from the list box and press the Split button to open the Split Stand dialog box Figure 40 3 Rename the stand you wish to split from the original and define its acreage Figure 40 46 Stand Name X Enter New Stand Name New Stand Name Enter new stand name and acres Acres must be less than orignal acres displayed in dialog when opened Figure 40 Split Stand Dialog Box 4 Press OK Restoring the Portfolio to its Original State After modifying the stand included in a portfolio it is easy to restore the portfolio to its original state by using the Restore function 1 With the Portfolio Editor running and the Example portfolio open select StandsIEdit Stands from the menu to open the Edit Stand dialog box Figure 35 2 Pressthe Restore button Reconstructing an Inventory File When the only inventory information available for a landscape is tree species and diameter it is possible to reconstruct the height crown ratio and volume values This is done when importing data into LMS or when the inventory file has been modified The Reconstruct Inventory function is explained in the LMS Case Studies document 47 Advanced Topics This section deals with configuring LMS the formats of the various LMS files and information about using scenarios to manage landscapes Configuring the Landscape Management System Many of the default behaviors in LMS can be mo
17. dee etes NE Simulating Ingrowth and Regeneration Table Dialog BOR 4 asset deer etre RTT E Sending a Table to a Spreadsheet sssseeeee Gorg PPP Chart Dialog BOX eret eter bete repe deed ener tope Displaying Chartes Cre o iei e ht Closing Charts 2 3 oper RR ESSO eoe ted Visualizations Stand Visualization Stand Comparison Visualization eesseeeeeseeeneeeeneeeenen Landscape Visualization iare REESE UIN DECERRCEI I et teet Using Sc matios Piles C Scenario Eile FOrmBat sent sten e et UR REPE ERREUR dei CD EG T eer ere nes Scenario Pile Keywords REIR AWO e REIR E UU endet P ates Scenarno Editor oce noe e CN ARE ERU EBEN RURUR Scenario Editor DialO gs BOX ace tdt RERO e a tutem etr o iet 32 Scenario File Information de ed tr reri d eee E e tn de ette dr deer Aree coi de edes 32 Year and Stand Selection Treatment Selections es onere ot roi tee ees Control BUttlOTis s Li retourne erede e te ntvo lis bete e toad beaded oe been th e tero duos Treatment Specification Section 2 eene tpe e ete E ERR EORR E o eh er e rene etc 34 Using the Scenario Editor Addin gia Treatment x eset ER EP E ERR tete teceb e ente eet etes lese Sere deed Removing a Treatment ea eed ev eO UI UD ETIN ERE Replacing a Treatment Portfolio Editor Wind Wren a Rin eee eed Changing the Projection Step Size sse tenente ten entente
18. distributed with LMS SVS is a DOS version of the stand visualization program which runs slightly faster on most machines but will not work on Windows NT WinSVS works on all Windows 95 98 NT machines and is a Windows version of the stand visualization program Landscape visualization is performed by UVIEW a DOS program distributed with LMS Stand Stand Comparison Visualization Note If the trees are rendered using unrealistic colors then one of three things have occurred The first possible explanation is that the species of tree you are attempting to visualize is not a known species to SVS this should not happen using the Example portfolio To fix this problem see the SVSLib Help File The second possible explanation is that you are using Windows NT which cannot use the standard SVS program to visualize stands However this can be fixed by changing the stand visualization program from 23 SVS to WinSVS To change this options see Configuring the Landscape Management System page 48 Landscape Visualization Note There are several possible problems in performing landscape visualizations The simplest is if LMS is being run on Windows NT landscape visualization will not perform correctly it will run in 640x480 16 color resolution Another possible problem is that the size of the inventory may be too large for UVIEW to display There are a number of options that can be changed to correct this problem See Changing the Visualizations Displ
19. example scn file and press OK to load the file into the Scenario Editor Figure 28 Select 1994 from the Year list box Select stand 78 from the Stand list box 36 LMS Scenario Editor B x Portfolio EX amp MPLE LMS Starting Year 1994 End Year 201 4 Scenario Example scn Step Size 10 years m Select Year and Stand Treatments Year Stand 5 TPA B LANT DF RGN Up 17 ut 43 ES 82 Add Delete Replace New File Load File Save File TIGHETEd About Help Change Potato Preview Exit Thinning Subset Selection V Enable C Percentage Species DBH e Retain fis C m P Enable Enable Exclude r Standara fears Lm m Removed From Include a Min Max Subset Grip C spl m Defined By C Above DBH Below C Hei eight C Proportional impart Erpat Ingrowth M Enable File DF RGN E dit Browse Default Figure 28 Removing a Treatment 6 Select the only listed treatment in the Treatment list box 7 Click on the Delete button to remove the treatment Note that because this is the only treatment for stand 78 in 1994 the stand is removed from the Stand list box Replacing a Treatment When a treatment does not have the desired effect on a stand it is often easier to change the existing treatment than to delete it and add another In this e
20. for 1 544 meters of the perimeter The default input rating is Olivers 4 classes To change this contact that Silviculture Lab Example output year stand acres cont ac adj struct adj prop adj ac 1994 SL 15 2 BR 1300 ROAD 2_SE 1544 0 3_UR 219 0 1994 2 SE 191 8 BR B amp T NORTH SE B amp T SE B amp T SOUTH SE TALMADGE SE NOVELLI SE_KELLY 1 ST 2004 0 1994 2 SE 12 5 BR BETH 1300 3 UR 392 0 1 ST 843 0 1994 1 SL 201 9 BR EBETH RID BR MIDWAY 2 SE 3903 0 3 UR 43 0 If this output file is exported to excel or other spreadsheet programs a summary table of these results can be created using a pivot table An example summarization follows Table 3 Number of patches average size of patch ha in different forest structure classes across the Pack Forest Landscape 1998 2008 2018 2028 2038 2048 SI 30 22 26 9 13 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 SV 5 3 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 SE 14 62 7 174 8 153 10 112 15 65 17 47 UR 388 4 45 7 39 8 44 13 39 13 50 CO 2 26 501 10 13 11 15 12 13 13 14 Ruffed Grouse Habitat Suitability Author James B McCarter Script grouse py Determines the available Ruffed Grouse habitat on the landscape Barred Owl Habitat Suitability Author James B McCarter Script barowl py Determines the available Barred Owl habitat on the landscape Charts Stand Charts 97 Density Management Diagram Author James B
21. model for 3D representations The camera has a focal length lens along with the location where the camera is positioned and where the camera is pointed The position from which the scene is viewed is the head while the location pointed to is the focus The Head and Focus buttons can be used to change the location of the viewers eye and the location toward which they are looking LMS uses the script capabilities of UVIEW to display the landscape The script file created automatically by LMS tells UVIEW what DTM to load what spatial database to open how to display the surface Shaded Colored how to display vegetation Display Struct 2 and provides the default viewing location The user can change the viewing location by using the Head Focus buttons They can also display the landscape in a map view by using the Plan View button Default Parameters can be used to change various colors background and queries and change the color palette Save script can be used to save a new default viewing location Full Screen can be used to zoom to the landscape image removes the buttons for image captures WGNUPIlot Author Thomas Willams Colin Kelley and many others Contact Information info gnuplot dartmouth edu WGNUPIot is used to create several of the analysis charts in LMS WinSVS Author Bob McGaughey Contact Information mcgoy u washington edu 88 WinSVS is a windows version of the SVS program For i
22. open and select the Portfolio file 1ms from the left side of the dialog box 3 Press OK to initialize and load the portfolio Saving a Portfolio If any projections have been made to a portfolio then you will want to save those projections Select FilelSave Portfolio from the LMS menu to save the portfolio Closing a Portfolio To close a portfolio without exiting LMS the FilelClose Portfolio option can be used If the open portfolio has not been saved then the close portfolio option will ask if you want to save it Restoring a Portfolio LMS Portfolios can be stored in an archived format when not in active use files are stored using the Info Zip program This saves hard drive space by compressing the files into a single ZIP file Archived portfolios can be restored and opened at a later time using the Restore Portfolio command in LMS 1 With LMS running select FilelRestore Portfolio from the LMS menu to load the Restore Portfolio dialog box Figure 2 Restore Portfolio X Portfolio to Restore C LMS EXAMPLE ZIP Select Target Directory C LMS Example Browse Figure 2 Restore Portfolio dialog box 2 Press the Select button to load the Open File dialog page 67 and choose a portfolio to restore 3 Choose which portfolio to restore This file can be located in any directory although LMS defaults to the LMS directory In this case choose the Example portfolio archive exa
23. options in a dialog box Same as pixel As opposed to vector Operational unit for LMS also called polygon Stand Visualization System List of information Any program that allows user to read and edit ASCII files Any manipulation of a stand or polygon inventory typically executed in the ProjectlTreat Stands dialog Can include thinning planting and harvesting 63 UTOOLS UVIEW Vector VESA ZIP Watershed analysis and visualization software package developed by the U S Forest Service Landscape visualization module within the UTOOLS software package A set of connected coordinate points describing polygonal boundaries A video interface specification for IBM compatible computers Any file that has been compressed using Zip WinZip or PKZip This is a mechanism for efficiently transferring large files or collections of files Bibliography McCarter James B Christopher E Nelson LMS Case Studies Silviculture Laboratory College of Forest Resources University of Washington McCarter James B 1999 LMS Programmer s Guide Silviculture Laboratory College of Forest Resources University of Washington 65 Appendix A Using Windows Programs It is true that every program is unique in its functions and how it works but there are many pieces of programs designed for Windows that are similar Users familiar with using these types of programs will not have to read this section but those who have not us
24. the Example portfolio open select FilelLMS Portfolio Editor to open the editor Figure 30 2 From the LMS Portfolio Editor s menu select FilelModify Portfolio to access the Modify Portfolio dialog box Figure 31 39 Edit LMS Portfolio X Enter information to modify an existing LMS Portfolio LMS Portfolio Name AMPLE Directory LMS Example Browse Cache Directory CACHE Inventory File XAMPLE inv Browse Inventory Year Browse Step Size Stand T able example sdb DTH File example dtm Spatial Database example db Viewpoint File example vpt Browse iita ii Methods Stand Projection FVS PN Stand Visualization S S Log Sort Table UW DF xl Landscape Visualization UVIEW x ws 2 Figure 31 Modify Portfolio Dialog Box 3 Change the Step Size to 5 years and press OK 4 When you exit the editor LMS will reload the portfolio into memory and the step size should change to reflect the new value Copying a Portfolio When complex management plans are being prototyped and analyzed it is easier to have multiple copies of the same portfolio available for each sequence of scenarios This allows the projections to be saved and compared to another In this example we will copy all the Example portfolio file to a new directory and call it Example2 1 With the Example portfolio open select FilelLMS Portfolio Editor to open the Portfolio Edi
25. the Landscape Management Project ORGSETUP is the filter used by LMS to convert LMS tree list information into the input files necessary for running ORGANON Usage ORGSETUP i standtable polyid TRE Converts ASCII file of tree records exported by LMSDB to Organon input file format This program runs START EXE to generate the original INP file then modifies the INP file adjusting the plot specifications Options are file create input script for ORGNON EXE program path and program name for ORGNON EXE file create input script and run START EXE program path and program name for START EXE echo progress as ORGSETUP runs ORGSETUP Version 1 1 1995 07 09 04 47 04 Copyright 1995 James B McCarter Univ of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 2100 Figure 72 ORGSETUP Help Screen Scenario Editor scn edit Author Christopher E Nelson Contact Information email cnelson silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 543 5772 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 The Scenario Editor is a dialog based graphical interface for creating and managing LMS Scenario Files For further information see Scenario Editor page 31 Str_clas Author Christopher E Nelson Contact Information email cnelson silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 543 5772 Address
26. used in the conversion of spatial information for use with LMS ADDELEV adds elevation values to a Paradox spatial database obtaining the values from a Digital Terrain Model ADDELEV is part of the UTOOLS Watershed Analysis and Visualization software EV version 1 0 Syntax ADDELEV database DTMfile xyfld elevfld Xt R C database name of Paradox database file no extension DTMfile file name for PLANS format DTM include extension xyfld field number for field containing XY data elevfld field number for field to receive elevation data Xi number of digits in X value within XY field default 7 R replace th levation in the database with a new elevation C do not ask for confirmation of database fields Example ADDELEV udemo quad27 dtm 1 12 Add elevation to the database named UDEMO DB where XY value is located in field 1 and elevation should be put in field 12 Use the DIM file named quad27 dtm as the source of elevation data Figure 61 ADDELEV Help Screen ASC2DB Author Bob McGaughey Contact Information mcgoy Q u washington edu For landscape visualization LMS needs to create a Paradox structure database to be used by UVIEW This structure database tells UVIEW how to draw trees in each cell of the spatial database Getting the tree inventory information into the structure database is a multi step process that ends with the conversion of an ASCII file into a Pa
27. within the log can be copied into the scenario file In order to use the LMS Log file as a scenario file you must un comment the EndYear line delete the from the beginning of the line Scenario File Keywords LMS recognizes a set of keywords in the scenario file to specify treatments These keywords must be spelled exactly and must be in capital letters for LMS to recognize them The keywords correspond with options in the Treatment dialog box page 13 Thinning Type PERCENT or Specifies a thinning using retain percentage TPA Specifies a thinning using Target TPA Trees per Acre BA Specifies a thinning using Basal Area SDI Specifies a thinning using SDI Stand Density Index Thinning Modifiers ABOVE Specifies that the thinning will be from above BELOW Specifies that the thinning will be from below BYDBH Specifies that DBH will be used for the ABOVE BELOW modifiers BYHEIGHT Specifies that height will be used for the ABOVE BELOW modifiers 30 Subset Options INCLUDE Specifies which species will be included in the operation The species must follow after the keyword EXCLUDE Specifies which species will be excluded from the operation The species must follow after the keyword Specifies a diameter range for the operation The minumum diameter is entered before the and the maximum diameter after it In LMS there are two ways to edit scenario files The first is to use the defau
28. 52 Copyright 1995 J B McCarter Univ of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 2100 75 Figure 66 FVS2TRE Help Screen FVS2TRE has three operating modes The first mode is used by LMS to run FVS2TRE FVS2TRE options fvsfile out standtable SDB newlist TRE When used this way FVS2TRE extracts the tree records from a file created using the FVS TREELIST keyword The tree records are reformatted to the LMS TRE file format The Stand Table also has the current stand age updated The second mode was created to facilitate extraction of inventory information from FVS TREELIST tables This used the e option to bypass the update of the LMS Stand Table standtable SDB The third mode i is used to process multiple TREELIST output files and combine them into an LMS combined inventory file This mode is used by LMSPE to reconstruct the combined inventory file FVSSETUP Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Note FVSSETUP was written as part of the Landscape Management Project FVSSETUP is the program used by LMS to convert LMS tree list files and stand level information into the input files necessary to run FVS FVSSETUP is a MS DOS program with the following options Usage FVSSETUP options sdbfile trefile Converts LMS treelis
29. Displaying a Chart In this example a Basal Area by Diameter Class chart will be run on stand 43 of the Example portfolio 1 With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ViewlCharts to open the Chart dialog box Figure 1 2 Verify that the Stand Charts option is currently selected Figure 15 3 Select the Basal Area by Diameter Class chart from the Chart Selection list box 22 4 Select stand 43 from the Polygon Selection drop box 5 Press OK When the LMSCMD PIF file finishes running press OK on the LMS Status dialog box The results should be similar to those in Figure 16 LMS Charts mije Basal Area by Diameter Class Stand 43 in 1994 Figure 16 Basal Area by Diameter Class chart for stand 43 Closing Charts W When charts are open in LMS you must use the Close Chart Window function in LMS With LMS running and a chart window open select ViewlClose Chart to automatically close the window Visualizations Visualizations are a second way to summarize data graphically by creating an image of the stand or landscape Visualizations summarize a large number of parameters in a very easy to understand format This makes visualizations very helpful in showing the results of various treatments to stands and landscapes There are three different types of visualization stand stand comparison and landscape visualizations Stand visualizations are performed by two versions of the same program both of which are
30. Landscape Management System User s Manual LMS v 1 7 November 1999 Compiled and Edited by Christopher E Nelson Contributions by Christopher E Nelson James B McCarter Jeremy Wilson Patrick J Baker Justin S Hall Principal Investigator Chadwick D Oliver June 2 1999 Table of Contents dE ESSERE O i Mandal Organiza io ER vi EEE OU CUIOM iscstsatinceas exstusinsescdececetecees ceuesSeceustuahanasuscaus ces Dark cati espe Qe UT eqs toasts uenia Sa inten eicbs Ta ven vos vt et osa Ux eR vara E 1 What is the Landscape Management Project iessseseeeeseee entente tete tnnt intente tnter intent inten 1 Description of the Landscape Management System EMS System Requirements 3e eto petet e RR eee On Het EDT TypographicConventions eth etie te d i ERI UR S e ERR cub coves piti teni diee Acknowledgetmerits zre croi e Ee ERE EO ERE RES CENE YER VERSA de e ever er DER Gere e TO S Software License eee tete Re Aan Getting More Information sss tentn tenens Contact Information i ee EROR UICE RUE RUE e RN UE Oe dU e UU EU Obtaining and Installing LMG 7 Obtaining a copy of the Landscape Management System eterne nnne tentn tnn 7 Installing the Landscape Management System seien tentnn eene tenerent nee tenente 7 Windows 95 98 NT AAE aTa OA EES D E EM 7 Basic Eunctlons i3iiiei sssevsieci
31. McCarter Script sdi py Density Management Diagram for one stand Distribution Diameter Author James B McCarter Note This chart cannot be modified Diameter distribution for one stand Distribution Height Author James B McCarter Note This chart cannot be modified Height distribution for one stand Basal Area by Diameter Class Author James B McCarter and Jeremy S Wilson Script badclass py Bar chart displaying basal area in 2 inch diameter class for one stand Basal Area and TPA by Diameter Class Author James B McCarter and Jeremy S Wilson Script badclass py Line chart displaying basal area and number of trees by 2 inch diameter class for one stand Stand Volume thru Time Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volumec py Change in Stand Volume for one stand Standing Volume by Size Class Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volbydbh py Change in Stand Volume for one stand divided into size classes Cut Volume by Size Class Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volbydbh py Cut Volumes for one stand divided into size classes 98 MAI PAT Chart Author Justin S Hall Script maipai py Plot of a single stands MAI mean annual increment and PAI periodic annual increment Landscape Charts Density Management Diagram Author James B McCarter Script sdi py Density Management Diagram for all stands on the landscape Landscape Volume thru Time Author Jeremy S Wilson Scrip
32. ONUS ERES ISERNIA E E De Ue tesi NAE eer IAO poora Preepd E SUR RENI STEE EnS 65 Appendix A Using Windows Programs eere eere ee eerte terne nta tatnen tasas n en estn sae n es tasas n en tasas nes tasas n estan esee enne nes 66 LMS Main Window Title Bar iss ins XR ud IBURBuUPMMMEPR G E aeS Speed Button B t eoe eee OR UE UR E O RN RENE Main Application Window Status Baronas i ert Open and Save File Dialogs teed eke n ae 32 bit File Dial 88 hr et re evn dives ORE Eee De ee TN EE RH E i T6 bit File Dialog ene rete teta n ee e e UU BE REO ee e neat Creating Directories S is oe ee Windows 95 98 NT iet tette ee te e Oe DE nee teet bee LUI e thee pese o pa s WA OWS SSL ili EET EAEE Ir HP Ee e atr NU EN ER dives rdiet Projection Method CWDSIM INI een Inventory File Formats Running CWDSIM m ae p sd EXPE LEV D EAT EEEE N EAE EEEN EE EEEE ERE Forest Vegetation Simulator FVS Jerinin teer NEE OON E E e REE 75 EVS2ZTRE enhn een FVSSETUP IMPRTDEM Graphics Server for Windows Landvis NUAKIES V 5 tectorio gv re EDI RENTE RR ERI re DEREN S MAKEUVDB D e Ke sed MERGES VS cedente rm t RN teet te tp ite orta n Eee D ROT eere nere e Scenario Editor scn edit dd de be m Ste cla RUND Em SMS Stand Visualization System Lisores an te ete reti eer eet Ue ete aere ti recreate 84 SVS2UP TRTSTAND UGEISE5 24e Lb ee
33. Phil Hurvitz Stan Humann Bryan Bernhagen Justin S Hall and Tad Johnson Using and Providing Feedback Nancy Allison Former University of Washington Graduate Student Justin S Hall University of Washington Graduate Student Lucy Hutyra Former Yale University Graduate Student Larry Mason University of Washington Graduate Student Pil Sun Park University of Washington Graduate Student Steve Stinson Former University of Washington Graduate Student FM 425 Ecosystem Management Students University of Washington 1995 1999 Senior Forest Engineering Students Spring Quarter 1998 and 1999 Silviculture Institute and Natural Resource Institute Participants Module S1 1995 1996 1998 1999 Banner Forest data and analysis Harry Osborne Forest data and analysis Provided DNR FRIS inventory data for the Clallam Bay area of the Olympic Peninsula Pack Forest GIS inventory data and analysis Testing using and providing feedback for LMS Use of LMS in a classroom environment and infinite amounts of debugging Use of LMS in creating management plans Presentation of LMS to mid career professionals and a test of the software in a case study environment Software License LMS Landscape Management System v 1 7 Copyright 1999 University of Washington This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free S
34. SVS files It is used for Merge Stand in the Stand Comparison Visualization page 26 ORGANON Author Contact Information email organon ccmail orst edu Address ORGANON Growth amp Yield Project Department of Forest Resource Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 5703 541 737 4951 WWW www cof orst edu cof fr research organon ORGANON is an individual tree growth model developed at Oregon State University for Southwest Oregon ORG2TRE Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resource Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Note ORG2TRE was written as part of the Landscape Management Project ORG2TRE is the filter used by LMS to convert ORGANON tree list information into LMS tree list formats Usage ORG2TRE polyid out oldpolyid TRE newpolyid TRE Converts Organon Outfile with a tree list into an ASCII file of the same format that is exported by LMSDB ORG2TRE Version 1 0 1995 07 09 04 47 04 Copyright 1995 James B McCarter Univ of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 2100 Figure 71 ORG2TRE Help Screen 82 ORGSETUP Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resource Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Note ORGSETUP was written as part of
35. The TITLE is created by appending the TITLEs found in each of the SVS files If not titles are found filenames are used Use SVS v1 filename for the proper orientation plotone lt gt plottwo SVS2UP Version 1 4 Feb 20 1997 14 13 23 Copyright 1997 J B McCarter Univ of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 2100 Figure 75 SVS2UP Help Screen TRTSTAND Author James B McCarter and Michael Pederson Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 TRTSTAND is used by LMS to perform thinning and planting treatments to tree lists This program is designed as a service program for the Treatment dialog box Figure 7 in LMS TRTSTAND is an MS DOS program with the following options 86 TRTSTAND Version 2 0 Usage TRISTAND option p percent t tpa r sdi g barea s spl sp2 x spl sp2 d min max Vy q i ini file rspfile h Oct 8 1996 20 43 29 options input TRE output TRE Performs treatment harvests of treelist information description Retain Retain Retain Retain Target Thin Thin Speci Speci Speci Use Verbo Speci Speci fy fy fy CO se fy fy a percent of orginal trees 0 lt percent lt 100 a minimum total TPA 0 lt tpa a minimum Reineke SDI 0 lt sdi a minimum to
36. USDA Forest Service Al Vaughan Washington State Department of Natural Resources Michael Whimberly Former University of Washington Graduate Student Jeremy S Wilson Former University of Washington Graduate Student Michael Scott Zens Former University of Washington Graduate Student Programming Michael Pederson Israel Hsu Providing feedback and ideas for LMS Bob McGaughey is the developer of the stand SVS and landscape UVIEW visualization software used in LMS He has also played a critical role in many of the design aspects of the system Providing FVS details feedback and ideas for LMS Initiation of discussions on landscape management provided GIS data for the Clallam Bay area of the Olympic Peninsula and facilitated access to inventory data Conceptual discussions design programming and data summarization and formatting Conceptual discussions design programming and feedback regarding virtually all aspects of LMS Early conceptual discussions and design Base LMS Programming Data Andy Card Forester Washington State Department of Natural Resources Carol Thayor GIS Technician Washington State Department of Natural Resources Alison Hitchcock Forester Washington State Department of Natural Resources Kristen Klaphatie GIS Technician Washington State Department of Natural Resources Walt Obermeyer Washington State Department of Natural Resources Pack Forest Personnel
37. Wilson Script sppmix py The Stand Species Mix Table provides a list of proportions of species in the stand The proportions are presented based on TPA Basal Area and Volume Stand Volume Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volume py The Stand Volume Table provides a volume summary for the stand in MBF 90 Standing and Cut Volume Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volumeb py The Stand Standing and Cut Volume Table provides a volume summary for the stand in MBF Volume by Size Class Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volumesd py Summary of volume by size class pole sawtimber large sawtimber Volume by Spp amp Size Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volumesd py The Volume by Spp amp Size Table provides a breakdown of volume by species and size class pole sawtimber large sawtimber Basal Area by Diameter Class Author Jeremy S Wilson Script badclass py Basal area and number of trees by 2 inch diameter classes for one stand Trees Per Acre by Dia and Height Author James B McCarter Script tpabydh py Count of number of trees by diamter class 2 inch and height class 10 feet Diameter classes are across the top height classes down the left side of the table MAI PAT Table Author Justin S Hall Script maipai py Table used as base for MAI PAI chart Includes stand year MAI and PAI MAI and PAI are computed using volume on the inventory records Canopy Layers in Stands Author Je
38. a variant for all of the areas of the United States where there are National Forests Geographic Information Systems lande scape land skayp n 1 the scenery of an inland area 2 a picture of this Landscape is used to refer to a land area of interest In the LMS context the landscape is the elevation model that can be viewed by the landscape visualization software The Landscape Management System Microsoft Disk Operating System A commonly used operating system for Intel based and compatible personal computers 62 Open File Dialog ORGANON PATH Portfolio Polygon Project Scenario Radio Button Raster Stand SVS Tables Text Editor Treatment The Open Fie PO Dialog is used by File Name Directories many Windows Ims c Mms programs to locate various types of files The Dialog consists of several regions each designed to select different types of List Files of Type Drives information To LMS Files Ims change the disk drive being examined use the Drives region to pick from the available disk drives Use the Directories region to select the desired directory Double click a folder to access the directories in that folder After the proper Drive and Directory have been selected select the desired file in the File Name region The filename can be double clicked which is the same as highlighting the name and pressing the OK button ORGANON is an individual tree distance in
39. able Outputs In order to track a tree through time it is possible to add a record number to the table outputs These record numbers will remain the same for the record through all time periods This also makes it possible to track which tree certain logs were cut from when they are bucked using the bucking algorithm 1 With LMS running select OptionsIL MS Configuration from the menu to open the Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Press the Tables button to open the Table Configuration dialog box Figure 45 51 Table Configuration Figure 45 Table Configuration Dialog Box 3 Enable the record number addition by checking the box next to the Include Tree Number option 4 Press OK When finished making configuration changes press OK and choose where you wish to save the configuration changes d Note Unlike many other functions it is not necessary to re project the landscape in order to make this change it will happen immediately Changing How Stand Structure Classification Summarizations are Performed When a stand structural classification is performed in LMS using the Windows 3 1x classifications there are two options for how the information will be summarized The first and default is to summarize by stand structure In this type of summarization the total acreage that each stand structure covers on the landscape is output for each year The second type of summarization is by stand Here each stand and
40. alog box page 67 Choose a name and directory to save the image and press OK when done to save the image MAMA LMS File Formats Most of the files used by LMS are in an ASCII format so are editable by the user This section describes the format of the commonly edited files There are a few files that are not described here they are however described in the LMS Programmer s Guide For examples of how to get raw inventory data into these 66 99 formats see the LMS Case Studies document In all of these files comments are specified using a in front of the line in question Portfolio Files LMS The portfolio file contains information on all the files and options that are part of the portfolio The format is show below 56 Portfolio EXAMPLE Directory E LMS EXAMPLE StandTable example sdb StatusFile example sta Initiallnventory 1994 StandProjection FVS PN StandVisualization SVS LandscapeVisualization UVIEW StepSize 10 Cache CACHE Inventory EXAMPLE inv LogSortTable UW DF DTMFile example dtm DBFile example db ViewpointFile example vpt Figure 51 Portfolio File The lines in this file specify Directory the portfolio directory where all the files are stored StandTable the Stand Database File see below StatusFile the Status File see LMS Programmers Guide InitialInventory the first year of the inventory information StandProjection the growth model being used in the portfolio StandVisua
41. and set the retain value at 10 TPA 7 Enable ingrowth by clicking on the box in the upper left corner of the ingrowth section and press the Default button to use the default regeneration file Press the Add button to add the defined treatment to the scenario file 9 Press the Previewbutton to see the scenario file The program will prompt to save the file give it a name and press OK The text editor then opens it should be similar to Figure 27 Ge 35 Y Super Pad TEMP SCN B x File Edi Search Format Help Scenario file for EXAMPLE LMS zl tPortfolio EXAMPLE EndYear 2014 Year Stand Treatment 2004 82 10 TPA BELOW BYDBH PLANT CALMSYExampleldefault reg CALMS EXAMPLE TEMP SCN ihs Num Figure 27 Adding a Treatment Scenario File Removing a Treatment It is often necessary to remove a treatment from the scenario file The Delete button is designed for just that task In this example we will remove a treatment from the Example scn 1 2 m With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select the ScenariolScenario Editor option to load the LMS Scenario Editor The program will prompt to load an existing scenario file press Yes to open the File dialog box The example scn file should be available assuming the default location for the File dialog was correct If the file is not present then browse to the directory where the Example portfolio is stored Select the
42. ape Visualization 1 With the Portfolio Editor running and the Example portfolio open select StandslEdit Stands from the menu to open the Edit Stand dialog box Figure 35 2 Select stand 8 from the list box Figure 39 45 Edit Stands xi Edit Stands C COPY FROM DELETE RENAME SPLIT WHE 3 RESTORE om ELLE oeer Trene m Dw perone Figure 39 Renaming a stand 3 Press the Rename button to open the Rename Stand dialog box Figure 36 4 Enter 888 as the new name for stand 8 5 Press OK 6 Thelist box will be updated to reflect this name change Remember to change the stand name back to 8 to eliminate any problems performing visualizations Splitting Stands It may be necessary to split the stand inventory and stand attribute information for riparian reserves The Portfolio Editor s Split function allows users to specify the area they wish to split from the original stand into a new one The stand attribute information is copied directly to the new stand In this example we will split stand 17 into a 20 acre piece and a 6 acre piece Note that the stand that is split from the original will not be shown in a Landscape Visualization To split a stand and have it appear in landscape visualizations the original GIS coverages must be modified and re imported into LMS 1 With the Portfolio Editor running and the Example portfolio open select StandlIEdit Stands from the menu to open the Edit Stand dialog
43. at LMS uses to run the portfolio The EndYear parameter specifies the last year of the simulation The Portfolio is for the user s information only and is not currently used by LMS 60 The second section of the file lists the treatments for the landscape The first column is the year the treatment will be performed in The second is that stand that will be treated The last column is the actual treatment description The treatment description first has the retain value identical to the Treatment dialog box page 13 and then the treatment options specified using keywords For more information see Scenario File Keywords page 30 61 Glossary ASCII Backup Portfolio BGI CACHE DEM DTM Filters FVS GIS Landscape MS DOS ASCII is the name of one of the character sets used on computers The ASCII character set was standardized by the American National Standards Institute in 1968 and revised in 1983 ANSI X3 4 1968 ANSI X3 110 1983 When we refer to ASCII files we are talking about text files with no special formatting characters other than TAB or NEWLINE These are also known as text files A Backup Portfolio in LMS consists of an archive file containing all the files included in the portfolio directory They are usually created using the LMS FilelBackup Portfolio command LMS currently uses ZIP to create the Backup Portfolios The example datasets are distributed as Backup Portfolio files Borland Graphics Int
44. at LMS is doing Open and Save File Dialogs The dialog boxes used for saving and opening portfolios and all other files in LMS are fairly general to Windows programs as a whole There are however differences between the 32 bit dialogs Figure 59 Windows 95 98 NT programs and the 16 bit Figure 60 Windows 3 1x and early Windows 95 These two types will be discussed separately 32 bit File Dialogs The 32 bit file dialog box Figure 59 is used primarily only in the Scenario Editor page 29 and any other program that did not come with LMS Despite looking different than the 16 bit dialog it operates very similarly Open Look in a Example t a EXAMPLE log a Example scn Files of type Scenario files scn log Cancel Open as read only Vi Figure 59 32 bit File Dialog Control Bar The control bar along the top of the dialog allows users to specify an existing directory by pressing the down arrow in the drop box This will show a tree of available files and directory on the computer being used The other functions will not be used much in LMS but you can find out what they are by holding the mouse over the button and waiting for the balloon to appear 67 File Selection Box The main box in the center of the dialog allows users to select files or directories by clicking on them with the mouse Clicking once on a file will highlight it and copy its name to the File Name line in the dialog
45. ay Options page 49 Stand Visualization th A stand visualization creates a flat one acre representation of a stand based on the inventory data Stand visualizations are helpful in showing differences in tree species compositions sizes and spatial characteristics as treatments are performed One important consideration is that the position of the trees across the acre is random and will change each time the visualization is run In this example we will perform a stand visualization on stand 82 in 1994 1l With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ViewlStands to open the Stand Selection dialog box Figure 17 Select Stand X Figure 17 Stand Selection dialog box 2 Select stand 82 and press OK Figure 17 3 If the selected stand has been projected forward LMS will load the Year Selection dialog box Figure 18 Select the year you wish to visualize and press OK 24 Select Year X Current Year 2004 Select Year 1994 7 Figure 18 Year Selection dialog box 4 The Stand Visualization System will load and display an image of the stand Figure 19 Figure 19 Stand Visualization of stand 82 5 When finished viewing the image press QUIT to exit the program For information on how to save images see Saving Images from SVS page 55 25 Stand Comparison Visualization This type of visualization can compare stands by either showing two time periods side by side or by mergi
46. c a Teh tet le nh s e cece ate DN A A toe Net ck Mies Lyra dom H ERR 90 yr E 90 Stand T ADI eC E 90 Stand Inventory esses caeved tct tore ede RS GR I DR ND RERNDA sds POSSET D REI eee t Ede EE tens 90 Stand Scenario P 90 SLANG SUMMARY E 90 Stand Species MIX 5 oHG ERU rc NER SR SIEUT o UN EU REESE eee EE REO E E 90 Stand nu c M M 90 Standing and Cut Volume Author Jeremy S Wilson ep ied e e OS Eie beber 91 VXolumeby Size Clas 4 x rt t EROR E QE AEAEE AE E ERE poorer E eS UnE 91 Volume by Spp amp Size Author Jeremy S Wilson eene renes 91 Basal Area by Diameter Class Trees Per Acre by Dia and Height MAI PALT Table isiin 5 ret ERR EOS ea Nene MURA a ek RRNA S oe Canopy Layers in Stands Stand Value Tables er E eR UH T on necat pee en titt sieht Stand Value Surmmlaty sidens eed adde aree eie C a D ee pe e ee ba ae eee lee Stand Sort Summary Stand Wind Hazard Variables Extract CutList tozun m FEEMA rade eae tib b ove to ulia nd eee b De aiaeei 92 Landscape Tables Landscape Attributes Stand Area Table Landscape Inventory Landscape Scenario Landscape Summary Landscape Species Mix Canopy Layers DY NIE M 93 Landscape Volume Standing a
47. cGaughey 84 Figure 74 Stand Visualization System SVS main screen View Windows The main SVS screen has three windows displaying views of a stand from different perspectives The large central window 1 displays a 3 D perspective The upper right window 2 displays an overhead view and the bottom right window 3 displays a profile view of the trees within the designated rectangle on the overhead view Above window 1 is a title bar that reports the stand and year being displayed The escape key ESC will stop drawing in any of the windows Pressing the escape key while window 1 is drawing will make SVS skip to window 2 and begin drawing Below the screens are buttons for customizing the view and display Bottom Left Buttons The buttons in the lower left determine attributes of the three views These are Head up down Determines the position of the viewers head relative to the stand To look down on the stand press head up Focus up down Determines the focus point in the stand To focus on the base of the trees press focus down Left Right Spins the stand around its center to the left or right Closer Farther Small steps to make the image larger or smaller Zoom In Out Large steps to make the image larger or smaller Bottom Center Buttons In the center bottom are buttons that determine the kinds of tree displays being used Stems only just shows stems with no branches Wireframe trees have wire representations of cro
48. ce The model was previously known as Prognosis Stage 1973 Wycoff et al 1982 For further information on how to use FVS see the FVS Documentation FVS2TRE Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Note FVS2TRE was written as part of the Landscape Management Project FVS2TRE is the program that LMS uses to read and convert FVS tree list information into LMS tree list format FVS2TRE is an MS DOS program with the following options Usage FVS2TRE options fvsfile out standtable SDB newlist TRE Usage FVS2TRE options e fvsfile out newlist TRE Usage FVS2TRE options i c 4 wildname newlist INV Converts FVS TREELIST output into the LMS tree list format TRE The i form reads all filenames specified by wildname creating a combined inventory file Wildname is a wildcard filename that can contain and wildcard characters Optional arguments are read Board Foot Volume from FVS output default read Total Cubic Foot Volume from FVS output remove temporary files created by model extract treelist only build LMS INV file use growth cycle 4 Use LMS Portfilio for filename information read Merchantable Cubic Foot Volume from FVS output copy mortality to snaglist SNG verbose output FVS2TRE Version 1 8 Oct 2 1996 13 13
49. cify units for XY and elevation z in DIM file options for x and z are F for FEE M for METERS and O for OTHER units Xi number of digits in X value within XY fiel Example EXTELEV udemo 1 12 udemo DTM SMM DMF Extract elevation from a database named UDEMO DB where XY value is located in field 1 and elevation in field 12 Save the DTM in UDEMO DTM XY units in the database are TERS elevation units are METERS XY units in the DTM will be METERS elevation units will be FEET You should specify the same XY units for the DTM as in the database or else queries using the database in UVIEW will not work If units for XY and elevation are different in the DTM a vertical exaggeration of 1 00 will not result in equal XY and elevation scaling Default database units for XY and elevation are METERS Default DTM units are the database units either default or specified 74 Figure 65 EXTELEV Help Screen Forest Vegetation Simulator FVS Author Various Authors see FVS Documentation Contact Information email fmsc wo ftcol fs fed us Phone 970 498 1500 Address Forest Management Service Center 3825 E Mulberry St Fort Collins CO 80524 The Forest Vegetation Simulator FVS is an individual tree distance independent growth and yield model developed by the USDA Forest Servi
50. clude area If there is a species listed in the Include area then that will be the only species on which LMS will perform the operation Species must be specified using whatever codes the growth model 14 uses These must be determined from the documentation for each growth model FVS uses two letter species codes in upper case Diameter Limits This option allows trees that fall within the specified diameter range to be treated The diameters should be specified in whatever units the inventory file is using but usually inches Ingrowth The ingrowth section allows stands to be replanted using a specified regeneration file RGN The format of this file is discussed in the File Formats section page 56 Note that any file specified here will be added to the inventory in the following decade i e if a stand is planted in 1994 and the step size is 10 years the regeneration will appear in 2004 So the regeneration must reflect 10 year old trees There should be at least 10 lines in any regeneration file but the more present the better 0 10 0 90 30 0 0 0 1 2 11 0 85 30 0 0 0 WH 0 8 10 0 80 30 0 0 0 DF 1 5 12 0 80 30 0 0 0 DF 0 8 10 0 75 30 0 0 0 WH 1 0 9 0 80 30 0 0 0 DF 1 5 12 0 85 30 0 0 0 RA 1 0 12 0 90 30 0 0 0 RA 1 1 13 0 87 30 0 0 0 WH 1 0 10 0 88 30 0 0 0 Figure 8 Regeneration File Edit opens the specified regeneration file in the default text e
51. cs It is also possible for users to add specific customized tables to LMS for information on this see The LMS Programmers Guide Tables allow users to look at stand and landscape statistics to both determine necessary treatments and to see the results of those treatments The data is delimited when output and can be viewed using a text editor or spreadsheet or it can be saved as a file Table Dialog Box The Table dialog box Figure 13 is the interface to access all tables available in LMS Figure 13 is the default table dialog present in LMS If LMS has been customized it is possible that this dialog will show other tables not present here 19 View Table X Select Table to Yiew gt Stand Tables Landscape Tables gt Advanced Tables Landscape Attributes Standing Trees Stand Area Table gt Cut Trees Landscape Inventor gt Snags Down Logs Landscape Scenario Landscape Summary Text Delimiter Landscape Species Mix Canopy Layers by Stand Field Separator Landscape Volume v x Standing and Cut Volume Volume by Size Class ENTER Destination gt TEXT EDITOR SPREADSHEET gt CREATE FILE Figure 13 Table Dialog Box Table Type The Stand Tables Landscape Tables Advanced Tables options define which of type of table will be run Stand tables will analyze only the selected stand while landscape tables look at the entire landscape Advanced tables are those that
52. dependent growth and yield model developed at Oregon State University It was originally developed for Southwest Oregon and has subsequently been calibrated for other areas Operating systems execute programs from a variety of locations Under MS DOS this is controlled by an environment variable named PATH The PATH is set using the MS DOS PATH command When the user types the name of a program MS DOS looks in the current directory for a match of the name If no match is found MS DOS then looks in each of the directories indicated in the PATH and executes the first match found Information in LMS is contained in a number of related files that represent a land area These files along with applied projections and treatments are collectively called a portfolio A portfolio includes all of the spatial and inventory files necessary for LMS to project and visualize stands and landscapes These files are arrayed across a series of subdirectories contained within the home directory for the portfolio also polygon identifier pro jekt v versus proj ekt n In LMS the verb project pro jekt is used when discussing estimating stand conditions at a future time The noun project proj ekt is not used in order to avoid the confusion caused by using both pronunciations Instead portfolio is used for the collection of files for a particular landscape Combination of growth and treatments for a stand or multiple stands Toggles between two or more
53. dified from the LMS Configuration dialog box Figure 41 Each of the configurable options will be discussed separately LMS Configuration X Spreadsheet C PROGRA 1 MICROS 2 0FFICE excel exe Browse Map Viewer LMSMAP_EXE Browse Stand Projection Method Free Space BGI Setup y Remove Model Files Bytes v MBytes Test BGI Enable Snag Tracking _ KBytes GBytes Enable Snag Model Driver YESA M Program Options Stand Projection Tables Stand Yisualization Log Sort Charts amp Graphs Landscape Visualization Figure 41 Configuration Dialog Box Changing the Default Text Editor LMS by default uses the Super Pad Text editor to edit or examine ASCII files This can be changed to any other text editor that accepts a filename on the command line e g WordPad or NotePad 1 2 we With LMS running select OptionsILMS Configuration to open the LMS Configuration dialog box Figure 41 Press the Browse button to the right of the Text Editor edit box to access the File Open dialog box page 67 Find the text editor that you wish to use for editing ASCII file in LMS Press OK on the Configuration dialog This will open the Configuration Update dialog box Figure 42 48 Configuration Update xi A LMS Portfilio is open Would you like to update the options in the Portfolio the LMS defaults or both DEFAULTS BOTH CANCEL F
54. ditor If a file is not currently specified then the default regeneration file is loaded To change the default regeneration file see the Configuring the Landscape Management System page 48 Default sets the regeneration file to the default Browse opens the Open File dialog box page 67 to locate a regeneration file stored on the hard drive Apply To This section contains four miscellaneous functions simplifying the use of the treatment dialog Most users will rarely use most of these functions but for completeness they are discussed here Treated Original Stand This allows treatments to be made sequentially to a stand treated stand option or to throw out the previous set of treatments and use the original stand data original stand option Year Specifies the year on which the treatment will be performed Note that the stand you select must be projected to the year you wish to perform the treatment If you select a previous year on which to perform the treatment then you must re project that stand forward in time Performing the treatment will modify only the specified year s data Stand Sum Creates the stand summary table for the selected stands This table is a good source of information about the stands current conditions 15 Specific Examples of Treating Stands While the previous section explained the pieces of the treatment dialog true understanding of how to use the dialog box comes through use T
55. do not comform with either of the other groups Table Selection Box This box contains a list of all the tables available The list will be different for stand landscape and advanced tables Data Type The Standing Trees Cut Trees Snags Down Logs options specify what type of data will be analyzed The Landscape Management System keeps track of standing and cut trees and can keep track of snags down logs as well For further information on using snags and down logs see the Snag Model Documentation page 71 Text Delimiter This specifies what syntax will be used to specify text fields in the output tables The possible options are none double quotation mark or single quotation mark Field Separator This option specifies what type of field delimiter will be used in the table The possible options are space tab or comma Select Section The two options in this section specify on which stand or year the analysis will be performed Not all tables use these values when they run Destination These options specify where the table will be saved or displayed The Text Editor option will send it to the default text editor while the Spreadsheet option will send it to 20 the default spreadsheet see Configuring the Landscape Management System page 48 The Create File option opens the File Save dialog box and saves the output as a text file Table Help Button Opens a file that contains descriptions of each table Sending a Table to a S
56. e Opening a Portfolio page 8 select FilelBackup Portfolio from the LMS menu This will load the Backup Portfolio dialog box Figure 3 Save As 2 x File name Folders Cancel Network it Save file as type Drives LMS Backup Files zip amp d transfer J Figure 3 Backup Portfolio dialog box 2 Browse to the directory you want to save the compressed file The dialog box defaults to the LMS directory but it is advised to save the file to another directory to prevent clutter in the LMS directory 3 Select a name for the compressed file in the File Name line of the dialog box you do not have to include the zip extension 4 Press OK to compress the portfolio files Note that LMS does not close the portfolio nor does it remove the files from the hard drive This must be done manually through Windows see Appendix A 5 Once the LMSCMD PIF finishes running you must press OK on the LMS Status dialog box Viewing the Portfolio Log As projections and treatments are performed they are recorded in the Portfolio Log To view the log use the ViewlView Log function This will load the log file into the default text editor Figure 4 To change the default text editor see Configuring the Landscape Management System page 48 10 Y Super Pad EXAMPLE LOG B x File Edi Search Format Help ilPortfolio EXAMPLE 2 This log file can be run as a scenario file by adjusting th
57. e Summary Author James B McCarter Script valsum py The Value Summary Table takes as input a saved Stand or Landscape Value Table and performs total value and discounted value for each stand in each time period The discount rate used can be set in LMS ConfigurationlLog Sort Owl Habitat Author James B McCarter Script owlhab py Calculates Spotted Owl dispersal habitat and Marbel Murlett habitat based off of the rules specified in the Washington State Department of Natural Resources Habitat Conservation Plan Extract Treelist for FVS Raw Run Author James B McCarter Script fvsraw py Contiguous Analysis Author Jeremy S Wilson 96 Script contig2 py Generates a table that shows contiguous blocks of the stands with the same rating typically forest structural stage A neighborhood table residing in the portfolio directory is required Output details the year rating contiguous acres stands that make up the contiguous block In addition ratings for stands adjacent to the contiguous block are shown along with the respective shared border length with the contiguous block In the example below the stand BR_1300_Road has been rated 1_SI stand initiation in 1994 There are no adjacent stands with the same rating so this contiguous block of stand initiation is made up of a single stand representing 15 2 acres The block is surrounded by a 3_UR understory reinitiation for 219 meters of the perimeter and 2_SE stem exclusion
58. e blc of taller trees for a layer to be detected File Formats Treelist input file The first line of the input file is the polygon specifier polygon string The remaining lines describe the trees in the polygon and has the format record number species dbh height crown ratio acre expansion factor volume Where record_number record number of data ignored by MAKEUVDB species species code of the tree record dbh diameter of the tree stem height tree height crown ratio ratio of blc height to tree height exp factor trees of this type per acre volume volume of the tree ignored by MAKEUVDB The MAKEUVDB output file is an ASCII file with the following format MERGESVS Author polygon layer plant type height cr diameter cr ration variability exp factor where polygon polygon name layer layer always 1 plant type designation for visualization dbh average diameter of trees summarized in this record height average tree height in this record cr diameter average crown diameter in this record cr ratio average ratio of blc to tree height in this record variability std ht average ht exp factor density of trees per cell James B McCarter 81 Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 MERGESVS is an additional utility that can be used to construct a new SVS file from multiple
59. e following line tEndYear 1994 Project Landscape 1994 gt 2004 2004 58 25 TPA BELOW 2004 17 0 TPA BELOW PLANT c lms example cache default rgn Project Landscape 2004 gt 2014 E CALMS EXAMPLE EXAMPLE LOG Ins Num Figure 4 Portfolio Log Flushing the Cache When projection and treatments are performed on a landscape the inventory files are updated to reflect this To restore the portfolio to its base or original status use the Utility Flush Cache function Note that this will remove all of the projections and manipulations performed up to that point Projecting Stands and Landscapes This section describes those functions that project stands and landscapes forward in time Projecting Stands Stand projection moves one stand forward one stepsize in time The stepsize is defined when the portfolio is created and is the number of years that projections simulate When stands are projected forward both the initial information and the simulated information is maintained for analysis purposes 1l With LMS running select the ProjectlStand command from the LMS menu to load the Stand Selection dialog box Figure 5 11 Select Stand X Figure 5 Stand Selection dialog box 2 Select the stand you wish to project forward in time and press the OK button to start the growth model 3 When the LMSCMD PTF finishes running press the OK button on the LMS Status dialog box 4 Notice that the end year
60. eckthe box beside the Enable Snag Model option 3 Press OK and choose where to update the configuration Note The snag model will start operating during the next stand or landscape projection any projections previously performed will not be updated Changing the Visualization Display Options Normally the display options supplied with LMS are sufficient for performing visualizations These values should only be changed when trees are drawn in unrealistic colors when using SVS or to increase decrease the screen resolution For an explanation of what the different modes are for each driver see the UVIEW Documentation page 87 1 With LMS running select OptionsILMS Configuration from the menu to open the LMS Configuration dialog box Figure 41 49 2 Press the down arrow next to the Driver option to change the BGI driver being used by LMS 3 Press the down arrow next to the Mode option to change the driver mode being used by LMS 4 Pressthe Test BGI button to test the selected mode and driver are valid 5 When finished press OK and choose where to make the configuration changes Changing the Way Projections are Performed The units used when performing projections and often the behavior of the growth model can be modified in LMS Changing the Units of Volume Used when Projecting The volume in LMS can be in either Board Feet Cubic Feet or Merchantable Cubic Feet The default is to use Board Feet 1 With LMS running
61. ed Windows programs may want too This section will discuss the basic parts of the LMS program and how to use those them It will not go into any depth on how to use the functions that is contained in the earlier sections of the manual LMS Main Window The main window of LMS Figure 58 is the interface for users to perform the various functions contained within LMS It is made up of five basic parts which will be discussed in turn Title Bar Menu ovlzcape Menegement Syston MUST me Ven ad Optcrs Heb Speed Button Bar 28 53 e P9444 56 2 sif Po Tg 581 EE zo e 2 Pertfolie Simulation Year Initial B Name Current 0 Directory 2 End B Cache Inventory File Stand Table at ants 7s 7 DIN File Main Application Window KHEN LogSort Table Preject Lontiethood Stepsize 9 Stand isualization J Langs ape Visualization Status Bar Figure 58 LMS Main Window Title Bar The title bar gives the name of the program being used You can close the program by clicking on the X in the upper left corner assuming you are using Windows 95 98 NT Also on this bar are the buttons to minimize or maximize the program Minimizing shrinks the program into an icon allowing the desktop to be used for other programs This program can be brought back by clicking on the icon The same is true of maximizing which blows the window up to fill the entire screen Neither of these funct
62. eigth column not shown here is the maximum crown width This is used by some of the analysis tools for calculating canopy closure but it is not a required variable Snag Files SNG Initial snags present on the landscape are specified in the LMS snag file The format of this file is similar to that of the inventory file see below m 6 0 2 6 3 6 10 6 D oo oo ooooo No MO HO RP OO PR ee OmBcoOmHd5 we we AMRwe PR PR herehere H Figure 55 Snag File 59 The polygon line specifies what stand the following records represent This specifier must be identical to the LMS stand name The records have 8 columns of data The first is the tree record and is not presently utilized by LMS The second is the species of the snag again these codes must correspond with those of the growth model in use The third fourth and fifth represent the snag s diameter height and trees per acre respectively The seventh column specifies whether this record represents a standing snag or a downed log 1 is a snag 0 is a log The eighth column is the number of years since the snag was created or the age of the snag The final column is the decay class the snag is in currently Regeneration and Ingrowth Files RGN The regeneration files are edited by hand using a text editor such as Notepad or Superpad The format is similar to the inventory files without any values entered for the volume DF 1 0 10 0 90 30
63. erface BGI drivers are a graphics hardware interface developed by Borland International that allow the programmer to develop to a software specification instead of having to deal with video hardware directly In general cache is a term used in computing as a place where frequently used information is stored A cache is often used to speed up access to information In LMS cache is used in a similar way All the projected inventory files and temporary files used for growth projection and visualization are stored in the CACHE directory tree The name CACHE is used to indicate the temporary nature of the files Anything under the CACHE directory tree is transient in nature and can be deleted at any time Permanent information about a portfolio should be stored in the portfolio directory Digital Elevation Model Digital Terrain Model LMS uses many auxiliary programs to perform specific format translation tasks and to provide unknown information All of these programs are defined as filters in LMS In general a filter is a program that performs the task of converting one packet of information a stand inventory for example into another packet of information maybe a stand visualization input file Filter is the generic term used collectively for all these programs Forest Vegetation Simulator is an individual tree distance independent growth model formerly known as Prognosis It is developed by the USDA Forest Service and has
64. es running the treatment is complete Vegetation Control Stands managed for merchantable timber are often thinned to remove any unwanted species In western Washington this typically involves removing Red Alder Big Leaf Maple and possibly Western Hemlock depending on the density In this example we will remove 90 of the Red Alder and Big Leaf Maple from stand 82 of the Example portfolio 1 With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ProjectlTreat Stands to open the Treatment dialog box Figure 7 2 Select stand 82 in the stand selection section Change the retain value to 10 and select the Percentage treatment option Figure 10 16 Select Treatment Figure 10 Vegetation Removal 3 Click the check box next the Enable Species stand subset option 4 Enter the species codes for Red Alder RA and Big Leaf Maple BM into the Include edit box 5 Click OK When the LMSCMD PIF file finishes running the treatment is complete Regenerating a Stand In order for a stand to regenerated it must be specified as a treatment This can done as part of the treatment which thins the stand or as a separate treatement In this example we will first remove all of the trees from stand 83 and regenerate using the default regenration file 1 With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ProjectlTreat Stands to open the Treatment dialog box Figure 7 2 Select stand 83 from the Stand Selection list box Cha
65. for the data has changed in the LMS Main Window but because only one stand was projected forward it will be the only data available in the future periods Projecting Landscapes While it is possible to project single stands forward in time the purpose of the Landscape Management System is to help in managing landscapes So it is often necessary and desirable to project the entire landscape simultaneously As with the stand projections the original and future data are both preserved for analysis 1 With LMS running select the ProjectILandscape command from the LMS Menu to start the growth model Note that if you have just projected a single stand forward in time your current year is sometime in the future where you may not have data for the entire landscape See the Changing Current Year section see below on how to select a time period where the data set is complete for the landscape 2 When the LMSCMD PIF file finishes running press the OK button on the LMS Status dialog box Changing the Current Year When performing projections the current year for the portfolio is updated to the end of the last projection This makes it easy to continue making projections into the future If however a treatment performed did not have the desired effect it is necessary to go back to that time period and re project 1l With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ProjectlSet Year from the menu to open the Select Year dialog box Figu
66. he year that the landscape will be projected when running the scenario file The other options shown in this section change with the portfolio Portfolio Starting Year and Step Size or with the loaded scenario Scenario Year and Stand Selection This section contains two list boxes and two drop boxes that allow users to select the year and stand they wish to add a treatment If a Scenario file is loaded that already contains treatments then the year list box shows all the years which contain treatments and the stand list box shows which stands have treatments in the selected year The year drop box contains entries for each valid year from the starting year to the end year specified by the user The stand drop box lists each stand in the current portfolio 32 Treatment Selection The treatment list box displays all the treatments defined for the selected stand in the selected year These treatments are displayed using the treatment keywords used by LMS for further information on these keywords see Using Scenario Files page 29 Note that is possible for more than one treatment to be defined for each year and stand combination The treatments will be executed from the top of the list down The Up and Down buttons in this section change a treatments position within the list Control Buttons The block of buttons in the Scenario Editor perform all the functions necessary for creating modifying and managing scenario files in LMS Their funct
67. his section gives very specific examples of how to use the treatment dialog box to perform treatments to stands Simulate natural disturbances using thinnings Note When performing these examples flush the cache between them For information on flushing the cache see Flushing the Cache page 11 Thinning a Stand The main function of the Treatment dialog box is to perform thinnings on stands while many of the other functions allow users to specify which trees to thin In this example we will be thinning stand 82 of the example portfolio to 75 trees per acre from below by DBH 1 With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ProjectlTreat Stands to open the Treatment dialog box Figure 7 2 Select stand 82 in the stand selection section Change the retain value to 75 and verify that the Target TPA option is selected Figure 9 Select Treatment Select Stand Select Thinning Stand Subset Selection y Thin Retain gt Percentage Target TPA gt Basal Area Species Selection Enable Species Include L e _ Subset Enie gt SDI Removed From gt Above Defined By Diameter Limits Below DBH B Enable gt Proportional Height Min Max C Apply To Treated Stand gt Original Stand Year Ingrowth Year Edit Default Browse Figure 9 Thinning a stand 3 Click OK When the LMSCMD PIF file finish
68. igure 42 Configuration Update Dialog Box 5 The Configuration Update dialog box allows users to specify where they want the changes in configuration to be stored Portfolio will only affect the current portfolio Defaults will change the LMS configuration file affecting all portfolios Both will change both Changing the Default Spreadsheet and Map Viewer These two programs can be changed in the same method as the default text editor Displaying Snags and Logs in Visualizations Itis possible to show those trees which died in the previous projection in the visualizations These snags and logs will not remain on the landscape in the future unless the Snag Model is also enabled the next option 1 With LMS running select OptionsILMS Configuration from the menu to open the LMS Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Check the box beside the Enable Snag Tracking option 3 Press OK and choose where to update the configuration Enabling the Snag Model LMS includes a model to model the presence of snags and downed logs on the landscape It is not necessary to have current information on snags or logs but some tables included with LMS will not work correctly without that information For information on how the snag model functions or how to modify its behavior see the Snag Model Documentation page 71 1 With LMS running select OptionsILMS Configuration from the menu to open the LMS Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Ch
69. io settings to include the new viewpoint file see Using the Portfolio Editor page 38 Removing the Cache This function is similar to flushing the cache page 11 but instead of just deleting the projections this function deletes the entire cache directory Typically this function is used when you want to backup a portfolio for storage and you don t want to have to waste the extra space associated with the projection files 1l With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select Utilityl Remove Cache to remove the cache 2 LMS will display a dialog box asking if you are absolutely sure If you are press OK LMS will remove the cache and close the portfolio Capturing Images from Visualizations The images created when performing Landscape and Stand Visualizations can be saved to a file for later editing or import into a document or presentation UVIEW and the DOS version of SVS have identical methods for saving the images while the Windows version of SVS is slightly different Saving Images Using SVS and Uview In this example we will save a Landscape Visualization of the Example portfolio in 1994 to the LMS program directory 1 Create a Landscape Visualization page 28 2 When you have the image manipulated to the desired view see the Uview or SVS Documentation for further instruction on doing this hold the Ctrl key and press the Backspace key This will open the Screen Capture dialog box in either program
70. ion drop box Select 1994 as the first year and 2054 as the last year Press OK SVS will display an image of the stand in each time period separated by an opening The first year will be on the left the last on the right Figure 21 When you are finished viewing the image press QUIT to exit SVS Figure 21 2 Up Visualization Merging Stands This type of visualization allows stands which border each other to be compared side by side This is useful in showing edge effects and riparian zones In this example we will merge stands 17 and 82 in 1994 l 9 tA RUD With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select Viewl Compare Stands to open the Stand Comparison dialog box Figure 20 Select the Merge Stands option Figure 20 Select both stand 17 and stand 82 Verify that 1994 is selected Press OK SVS will display an image of the merged stand Figure 22 The different stands will be displayed in strips across the represented acre Stands with similar inventories will of course be difficult to differentiate 27 Figure 22 Merged Stand Visualization Landscape Visualization This type of visualization displays an image of the entire landscape with a representation of the tree cover Landscape visualizations are helpful is showing how a landscape changes over time as treatments create openings and species compositions change In this example we will create a visualization of the landscape for 1994 1
71. ions are described below Add The Add button appends the currently defined treatment to the selected stand and year Delete This button removes the selected treatment from the scenario file Replace The replace function replaces the selected treatment with the a new one defined in the dialog box New File Creates a new blank scenario file If the current file has been modified the Scenario Editor will prompt to save the changes Load File This function loads a new scenario file into memory If the current file has been modified the user will be prompted to save the changes Save File The save file function opens the File Save As dialog allowing the user to specify a location and name to save the current file If the name and location have already been specified during an earlier save then those options are the default About This function loads the Scenario Editor About dialog that displays information on the editor Help The help button loads the LMS help file for the Scenario Editor Change Portfolio This function allows users to modify scenario files for other portfolios than the one currently loaded Note that scenario files can only be used with the portfolio they are attached too they are not transferable Preview The preview function loads the current scenario file into the default text editor to let a user view what the file will look like when saved The scenario file can also be printed from the text ed
72. ions will close the program or cause you to lose any data The last item of interest is the icon in the upper right corner This icon also provides additional functions when clicked on with the mouse The LMS Main Window does not place any special functions within this icon s menu but other programs such as the Chart Windows page 22 does LMS Menu The menu is an easy to use straight forward way to access the functions within LMS The examples contained in this manual tell you where to find each of the functions within the LMS menu To access a menu option just click on the word and the menu will do the rest 66 Speed Button Bar The speed button bar provides a quick way to access the commonly used functions within LMS Throughout the manual there are pictures of the buttons contained on this bar and the functions that they access Another way to determine what the button access is to hover the mouse pointer over the button and look in the status bar for a description of the button Main Application Window The large white space in the window contains all the information for the currently open portfolio Notice that if there is no portfolio open then there will be no information listed Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the main window provides users with information regarding the various buttons in LMS and other information as the program is run At times text will appear in the status bar to keep the user informed of wh
73. itor 33 Exit The exit button exits the Scenario Editor If the current file has been modified the user will be prompted to save the changes Treatment Specification Section The remaining section of the Scenario Editor is shared with the Treatment dialog box See the section explaining that dialog for an explanation of this section Using the Scenario Editor The following examples are provided in an attempt to further explain how to use the Scenario Editor The examples begin with a few basic functions and progress to the more advanced features Adding a Treatment This example shows how to add a treatment to a specific stand and year In this example we will add a treatment to thin stand 82 to 10 TPA from below by height and then plant the default regeneration file in 2004 1l With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select the ScenariolScenario Editor option to load the Scenario Editor 2 The Scenario Editor will prompt to open an existing scenario file press No to open the program with a blank scenario file Figure 25 3 Change the End Year to 2014 Figure 26 34 LMS Scenario Editor 5 SUBSE zi adit Saye mpat EVITE Sitaraara deaur C LMS Example default reg Figure 26 Adding a Treatment 4 Using the year drop box select 2004 5 Using the stand drop box select stand 82 6 Verify that thinning is enabled the box in the upper left corner is checked
74. its current structure are output to the table for each year 1l With LMS running select OptionsILMS Configuration from the menu to open the LMS Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Pressthe Tables button to open the Tables Configuration dialog box Figure 45 3 Change the type of summarization used by selecting the desired type from the SS Options area of the dialog box Figure 46 Table Configuration Figure 46 Changing the Summarization Method 4 Press OK to exit the dialog box 5 If there are no other configuration changes you want to make select OK from the Configuration dialog box as well 52 Why the Charts amp Graphs Configuration Button does not Work This option is disabled in the LMS Configuration dialog There are no options available at this time Including Range Poles in Stand Visualizations When viewing a stand visualization it is difficult to determine the appropriate scale of the image because there are no objects of reference Adding range poles in the visualization is one remedy The poles can be set to any height and will appear at the four corners of the visualization In this example we will add poles that are 75 feet in height and visualize stand 82 from the Example portfolio 1 With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select OptionsILMS Configuration to open the LMS Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Press the Stand Visualization button to open the Stand Visualizatio
75. lization the stand visualization method LandscapeVisualization the landscape visualization method StepSize the number of years between projection steps Cache the directory where the cache is stored Inventory the Inventory File see below LogSortTable the table being used for sorting logs DTMFile the digital terrain model see LMS Case Studies DBFile the paradox spatial database see LMS Case Studies ViewpointFile the viewpoint for landscape visualization UW DF the University of Washington Douglas fir log sort table FVS PN Forest Vegetation Simulator Pacific Northwest variant SVS Stand Visualization System UVIEW Landscape visualization tool Stand Database Files SDB Stand database files contain the static inventory information in an ASCII format The format of this file is shown below 57 stand plots loc site hab age slope aspect eleva lati acres ation index itat tion tude 1 0 105 0 59 0 135 0 897 0 93 120 n 0 135 0 900 100 135 0 900 100 225 0 1006 107 360 0 1090 100 270 0 1320 107 90 0 1255 100 225 0 1340 100 135 0 1481 100 180 0 1255 107 45 0 1245 105 0 1476 120 0 1336 105 0 1450 120 0 1470 120 0 1370 PRERPBP PEPPER PREP cOoOooooooooooooo cOoOoocoooooooooo cOoOoooooooooooo e00000000000000 Figure 52 Stand Database File The Stand Database file consists of 11 columns of data The first column is the LMS stand name corres
76. ll give feedback on what it finds in error in the file This is useful when making additions or developing new transition tables The i option is used to check the format of the snag and log inventory file It will return an error message listing the line of the file that it doesn t understand Usage CWDSIM options infile sng outfile sng Project course woody debris decomposition Options include c Check Validate format of CWDSIM INI file and exit Check snag inventory file for valid format and exit s d step size default 5 verbose output CWDSIM Version 2 0 May 4 1999 16 08 50 Copyright 1999 J B McCarter amp M Wimberly Univ of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 2100 Figure 64 CWDSIM Help Screen EXTELEV Author Bob McGaughey Contact Information mcgoy Q u washington edu NOTE EXTELEV is distributed as part of the UTOOLS package EXTELEV is used in the conversion of spatial information for use with LMS EXTELEV reads elevation values in a Paradox spatial database and creates a Digital Terrain Model V version 1 1 Syntax EXTELEV database xyfld elevfld DTMfile Sxy Dxy X database name of Paradox database file no extension xyfld field number for field containing XY data elevfld field number for field containing elevations DTMfile file name for PLANS format DTM include extension Sxz specify units for XY and elevation z in database Dxz spe
77. lt text editor or any text editor to edit the file directly The second method is to use the LMS Scenario Editor see below Scenario Editor The LMS Scenario Editor provides users with an easy to use interface for creating and editing LMS Scenario Files The Scenario Editor has been designed to be very similar to the Treatment dialog box so users familiar with using that should have little problem using the Scenario Editor The functions that will be discussed in this section are those that are unique to the Scenario Editor for explanations on those functions that the two share see the Treating Stands and Landscapes page 13 Scenario files provide users with a way to project and treat an entire landscape at once A scenario file specifies the treatment for each stand in each year a treatment is made For a further discussion of the uses and format of scenario files see Scenario Files page 29 31 The Scenario Editor utilizes a graphical interface Figure 25 This section will describe the use of each section of the dialog Scenario Editor Dialog Box LMS Scenario Editor Subset Wray stamaara reae zi Selje SHVE mpat je Figure 25 LMS Scenario Editor Scenario File Information The top of the Scenario Editor dialog box contains information about the current scenario file and portfolio The only option that can be changed by the user is the End Year list box The end year is t
78. lysis In LMS landscapes are composed of stands These stands are projected through time using available forest projection models growth and yield or successional Existing models are incorporated into the system using data filters that translate and reformat data as needed to accommodate the projection and analysis systems Other attributes of a stand can be projected by providing projection models for those attributes The stands in LMS are represented by a tree list for each stand The tree list include species diameter height trees per acre and other attributes for trees in the stand Stand average information can also be used These tree lists are the basic unit of projection and allow LMS to be flexible because information about individual trees on the landscape is maintained as the stands are projected LMS System Requirements The Landscape Management System runs on most machines capable of running Microsoft Windows in one of its variations The specific requirements are e IBM PC 386 running Windows 3 1x is required a Pentium 133mHz running Winsows 95 98 recommended Note that some of the programs Scenario Editor Str_clas and Landvis will only run on Windows 95 NT machines e SVGA video required A video adapter that supports VESA video bios extensions is required for visualization 4mb of RAM required 16 or greater recommended 20mb of hard drive space required The data and intermediate files can use considerably more space
79. mn is for matches to species codes in your inventory The second column defines whether this species should be grouped as a conifer or hardwood H if option c is specified The third column defines what plant type the species is associated with if option s is specified For a list of available plant types see the UVIEW documentation The DEFAULT line specifies how species not specified in the ini file should be grouped An configuration file is not required for MAKEUVDB to work however its use will greatly improve the flexibility and accuracy of MAKEUVDB operation Layer Detection MAKEUVDB detects layers by 80 1 Reading all tree and crown heights of a polygon into memory 2 Sorting the data from tallest to shortest first by height then by base of the live crown blc height 3 Beginning with the first tree a running average of crown height in the layer is maintained 4 If the next tree is shorter than the Test Height a new layer and running average is begun Where Test Height 1 factor average crown height of the current layer Factor is defined with the o option Positive factors mean that layers can be detected when the top of a shorter tree is above the average blc of taller trees A factor of zero means that layers are detected whenever the shorter tree s top height is equal to or less than the average blc of taller trees Negative factors mean there must be a gap between a shorter tree s top height and the averag
80. mple zip and press the OK button The path and name of the archive should appear in the Portfolio to Restore line 4 Press the Browse button to choose the directory to restore the portfolio Many users choose to store the portfolios directly in the LMS directory This clutters up the LMS directory so it is recommended to create a new directory off of the root i e C Data or D Data in which to store any portfolios you use see Appendix A on how to create directories Regardless choose the directory in which you would like to store the portfolio and select OK 5 Once you have chosen the source directory in which you want to store portfolios add the specific target directory for this portfolio to the end of the Target Directory line Make sure to include the slash V before your target i e C LMS Example or C NPortfoliosNExample 6 Select OK to restore the portfolio Once the LMSCMD PIF file finishes running it will appear on the start bar when it starts running and then disappear when finished press OK on the LMS Status dialog box LMS will automatically load the restored portfolio when finished Backing up a Portfolio This function compresses all of the files in the portfolio directory into one zip file zip This makes it easy to transfer a portfolio from computer to another or to save disk space when a portfolio is not in active use 1 With LMS running and the portfolio you want to backup opened se
81. n Configuration dialog box Figure 47 Stand Visualization Configuration MAKESVS Options MAKESYS converts inventory y Include Range Pole information for stand visualization using SVS Pole Height SVS Options SVS command line options can be Perspective Quality J used to control viewing location s Other SVS options Figure 47 Stand Visualization Configuration Dialog Box Enable the range pole option by checking the box next to Include Range Pole Change the Pole Height to 75 feet Press OK to exit the dialog box If there are no other configuration changes press OK and choose where you wish the changes to be made If you perform a visualization on stand 82 the range poles should now be present Figure 48 ORO 53 Figure 48 Stand Visualizations With Range Poles Changing The Look Of Stand Visualizations Many of the options used in generating the stand visualizations can be changed This includes items like the viewing angle for the perspective view among others The full list of options that can be sent to either SVS or WinSVS can be found in the LMS Help File 1 With LMS running select OptionsILMS Configuration to open the LMS Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Press the Stand Visualization button to open the Stand Visualization Configuration dialog box Figure 47 3 Change the desired settings and flags in the SVS Options section 4 Press OK to exit the dialog b
82. nformation on the commands see the SVS section ZIP Author Mark Adler Richard B Wales Jean loup Gailly Onno van der Linden Christian Spieler and Kai Uwe Rommel Contact Information N A ZIP is used in the restore and backup portfolio functions to compress and decompress the portfolio files 89 Appendix C The tables and charts in this section are generated by scripted programs in the Python scripting language This makes these tables and charts modifable but care should be taken Some of the more advanced tables and charts rely on the simpler to generate their output If these base scripts are modified there could be an adverse effect on the advanced tables Tables Stand Tables Stand Inventory Author James B McCarter Note This table cannot be modified The Stand Inventory Table provides a list of inventory records for one stand in one time period Stand Scenario Author James B McCarter Note This table cannot be modified The Stand Scenario Table provides a list of inventory records for one stand in all periods in the simulation Stand Summary Author James B McCarter Script standsum py The Stand Summary Table provides typical stand level statistics summarized by species Quadratic Mean Diameter DBHq Average Diameter AveDBH Trees Per Acre Average Height Total Basal Area TBA Reinike Stand Density Index SDI Curtis Relative Density Total Volume per acre Stand Species Mix Author Jeremy S
83. ng two stands together These two types of visualizations allow visual comparisons to be drawn between the different stands This makes differences readily apparent Stand Comparison Dialog Box The Stand Comparison dialog box Figure 20 is the interface for performing these visualizations Figure 20 Stand Comparison Dialog Box Visualization Type The 2 Up and Merge Stands options select between the two types of visualization 2 Up These three options setup the visualization The Stand Selection drop box selects which stand will be visualized First Year and Last Year are wildcard values that LMS will lookup and use when performing the visualization Merge Stands The Merge Stands list box allows up to nine stands to be selected for merging The Year Select determines which year will be used for the visualization Showing the Same Stand in Two Time Periods Displaying the same stand in two different time periods allows users to draw visual comparisons for before and after treatments and growth projections Again the visual nature of this type of analysis makes it extremely useful In this example we will compare stand 8 in 1994 and in 2054 For this example stand 8 must be projected forward to 2054 26 7 With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select Viewl Compare Stands to open the Compare Stands dialog box Figure 20 Verify that the 2 Up option is selected Figure 20 Select stand 8 from the Stand Select
84. nge the Retain value to 0 and verify that the Target TPA thinning option is selected 17 Select Treatment Figure 11 Regenerating a Stand 3 Enable ingrowth by clicking the check box next to Enable in the Ingrowth section 4 Click the Default button in the Ingrowth section to specify the default regeneration file 5 Press OK When the LMSCMD PIF file finishes running the treatment is complete Simulating Ingrowth and Regeneration LMS does not automatically add ingrowth to stands as projections are performed This must be specified as a treatment In this example we will add ingrowth to stand 83 1 With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ProjectlTreat Stands to open the treatment dialog Figure 7 2 Select stand 83 from the Stand Selection list box Figure 12 3 Disable the Thinning section by clicking the check box next to Thin 18 Select Treatment x Select Stand Select Thinning Stand Subset Selection _ Thin gt Percentage Species Selection i Target TPA Enable Species Retain gt Basal Area f _ Subse nig gt SDI Exclude Removed From Above Defined By Diameter Limits Enable Min Max Below gt Proportional Apply To Ingrowth Treated Stand vi Enable Fi Original Stand Sonn nable File c ims example cache default rgn Year Year Edit d Browse Figure 12 Ingrowth
85. o file can be re run on the data to get the same results The final reason is that it is very simple to make slight changes to the scenario file s treatment for a stand and re run the projection 29 Scenario file for Example Portfolio Port folio EXAMPLE EndYear 2014 Year Stand Treatment and modifiers 1994 O TPA INCLUDE RA 1994 35 PERCENT ABOVE EXCLUDE DF 1994 50 BA 5 10 1994 15 TPA BELOW PLANT DF RGN 1994 150 SDI BELOW INCLUDE DF WH 1994 5 X INCLUDE BM R Figure 24 Scenario File Format Scenario File Format The scenario file contains a header that must follow a specific format Any comment lines are preceded by a and will not be read by LMS The two lines preceded by a are variables that LMS uses to run the portfolio The EndYear parameter specifies the last year of the simulation The Port folio is for the user s information only and is not currently used by LMS The second section of the file lists the treatments for the landscape The first column is the year the treatment will be performed in The second is that stand that will be treated The last column is the actual treatment description The treatment description first has the retain value identical to the Treatment dialog box page 13 and then the treatment options specified using keywords These keywords are described below Note The log file generated by LMS page 10 can also be used as a scenario file or treatments
86. oftware Foundation either version 2 of the license or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License LICENSE TXT along with this program if not write to the Free Software Foundation Inc 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Boston MA 02111 1307 USA See the file LICENSE TXT for a copy of the GNU General Public License Getting More Information More information about LMS is available from a variety of sources The LMS On line help file contains information on using the software The LMS Programmer s Guide is distributed with the software as a text file The LMS Programmer s Guide provides some additional information on the behind the scenes operation of LMS and ways to customize the behavior of LMS For additional information beyond the written documentation contact the Silviculture Laboratory at the University of Washington Contact Information Please feel free to contact the designers and developers of LMS We encourage comments and feedback about the system Written correspondence should be addressed to Jim McCarter 206 616 2376 Silviculture Laboratory College of Forest Resources University of Washington Seattle
87. olutions resulting in many records per polygon or just one This makes it possible to see fine details of tree size or species variation in smaller landscapes while still being able to visualize large landscapes at much lower resolutions Usage MAKEUVDB options treelist outfile Program Options e all trees grouped default c trees grouped as conifers or hardwoods s trees grouped by species e There are two basic attributes of the MAKEUVDB classification that the user controls These are how a polygon s list of tree records is summarized by species and by size height There are three options for 79 summarization by species 1 all trees combined default c trees grouped as either conifers or hardwoods s trees grouped by each individual species In order to use the c or s option it is necessary to specify a configuration file that describes which species in your landscape are hardwoods or conifers Specifics of the configuration file are described under Ini File default no layer detection polygon separated into layers o factor layer detection overlap factor If no option is specified for summarization by height the default is for the trees in each group specified by the species classification to be averaged into a single layer The l option allows trees to be grouped by height The detection of layers requires the user to supply an overlap factor o factor where 1 lt factor lt 10 The higher the factor the m
88. om Dialog Box 4 When you have chosen a portfolio the stands in that portfolio will appear in the list box Chose which stand to copy and press OK 5 The stand will be copied to the current portfolio Deleting Stands from a Portfolio Any projection of a landscape requires that every stand in the landscape be grown In large portfolios this can take a long time To limit this time it is useful to eliminate those stands that are not going to be part of the analysis from the portfolio The Delete function in the LMS Portfolio Editor removes unwanted stands Stands can be deleted and then restored at a later date to the portfolio In this example we will delete stand 43 from the Example portfolio 1 With the Portfolio Editor running and the Example portfolio open select StandsIEdit Stands from the menu to open the Edit Stand dialog box Figure 35 2 Select stand 43 from the list box Figure 38 Edit Stands Figure 38 Deleting a stand 3 Press the Delete button Renaming Stands in a Portfolio To change the name of stand in LMS use the Rename function in the LMS Portfolio Editor Note that if the spatial information is not updated to reflect the name change the renamed stand will NOT appear in Landscape Visualizations See the LMS Case Studies for information on importing spatial information into LMS In this example we will rename stand 8 to stand 888 and then rename it back to 8 to eliminate any problems with Landsc
89. ons to facilitate navigation of the document Section titles starting pages and descriptions follow Introduction Installation Basic Functions Advanced Topics Appendices 1 introductory information acknowledgements general description of the Landscape Management System and system requirements installing and configuring the Landscape Management System basic navigation and functionality in the Landscape Management System advanced functionality data requirements and file formats used in the Landscape Management System documentation of the supporting programs used by the Landscape Management System vi Introduction The Landscape Management System LMS is an evolving set of software tools designed to aid in landscape level management of forest resources LMS is being developed as part of the Landscape Management Project at the Silviculture Laboratory College of Forest Resources University of Washington LMS is a computerized system that integrates landscape level spatial information stand level inventory data and individual tree growth models to project changes through time across forested landscapes LMS facilitates forest management planning policy making as well as education LMS coordinates the execution and information flow between many different computer programs 40 These programs format classify summarize and export information project tree growth and snag decay manipulate stand inven
90. open the editor 2 From the editor s menu select StandslEdit Stands to open the Edit Stand dialog box Figure 35 42 Edit Stands Figure 35 Edit Stand Dialog Box 3 Select stand 17 from the list box Figure 35 4 Press the Copy button This will open the Rename Stand dialog box Figure 36 Stand Name Figure 36 Rename Stand Dialog Box 5 Enter 17 new as the copied stand s name Figure 36 6 When finished press OK The copy of the stand should appear in the list box Copying a Stand from another Portfolio Another useful function is the Copy From function which is part of the Edit Stand dialog box This function allows users to combine two portfolios or to copy a stand from another portfolio 1 With the Portfolio Editor running and the Example portfolio select StandslEdit Stands to open the Edit Stand dialog box Figure 35 2 Press the Copy From button to open the Copy From dialog box 43 3 In this dialog you must browse to the portfolio you wish to copy a stand from This portfolio can be located anywhere on the current computer Press the Browse button to access the File Open dialog page 67 Portfolio D XPORTFO 1 3SALMONXSALMON LHMS Browse Select the portfolio as a source of stands Then select the stands from the portfolio that should be copied to the current portfolio midelv 7 midelv 8 hghely 2 midelv 9 midelv 10 midelv 11 midelv 12 Figure 37 Copy Fr
91. ore layers will be found in a stand The overlap factor will generally be between 5 and 4 5 The default overlap is 0 Details of crown layering can be found in Layer Detection The reason for layer detection is so that multi layered stands such as shelterwoods can be detected and visualized e brief mode v verbose mode default r output changes to report of layer boundaries and number detected d enables processing of the snag and down log database records i ini_file specify the MAKEUVDB ini file to be used h help help A configuration file should be used when the c or s option is used with MAKEUVDB The configuration file allows MAKEUVDB to determine if tree species are conifers or hardwoods If the i option is not specified the default name for the configuration file is MAKEUVDB INI An example configuration file is shown below INI File specify conifer hardwood group for each species MAKEUVDB SINGLE 0 CONIFER 0 HARDWOOD 4 SP1 WH C 0 SP2 263 C 0 SP3 DF C 0 SP4 BM H 4 DEFAULT H Lines beginning with exclamation points are comment lines and are ignored by the program MAKEUVDB is a marker telling MAKEUVDB which section of the configuration file to read SINGLE O is the plant type to display when all trees in a polygon are grouped into 1 record 0 is the best plant type in UVIEW for conifers while 4 is the best for Hardwoods The listing of SP1 SPn must be in order and contiguous After an SPn the first colu
92. ortfolio reserves for example In this example we will copy stand 82 of the Example portfolio to a new portfolio 41 ren With the Example portfolio open select FilelLMS Portfolio Editor to open the editor 2 From the Portfolio Editor s menu select StandlCopy Stands to open the Copy Stand dialog box Figure 34 This dialog has a list of stands on the left side and a search tool on the right You can search for stands either based a set of character in the beginning or contained within the stand name Alternatively you can select a stand that is contained in another file Copy Stands lt p 1 stands selected C LMS Exam82 Figure 34 Copy Stand Dialog Box Select stand 82 from the list of stands on the left Figure 34 Enter Exam82 for the name of the new portfolio Select an appropriate directory for the new portfolio When all the information is entered press OK LMS will now copy the selected stand s to the new portfolio DM yw Making Multiple Copies of a Stand While prototyping treatments on a set of stands it is easier to run all the treatments at once rather than separately This requires that a portfolio contain multiple copies of the stands being treated The Portfolio Editor has a function to perform this task In this example we will make 2 copies of stand 17 from the Example portfolio 1l With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select FilelLMS Portfolio Editor from the menu to
93. ox 5 If there are no other configuration changes to be made press OK and choose where to save the changes Defining a New Viewpoint in UVIEW The viewpoint used to create the default Landscape Visualization can be set This allows the exact same point to be used for visualization each time it is performed In this example we will create a new viewpoint for the Example portfolio l 2 BR With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ViewlLandscape to create the Landscape Visualization Adjust the view to the desired point See the UVIEW Documentation page 87 for instructions on how to change the view Once the desired view is set press the Save Script button When the confirmation dialog box appears press Save Script again Select a filename for the script and press the Enter key Press OK The file will be saved into the LMS Directory Copy the file into your Portfolio Directory and rename it to lt portfolio gt vpt Open the renamed file in a text editor Figure 49 54 Created using the Save script command Created Wed Jun 02 19 54 38 1999 DTMFILE C LMS EXAMPLESNexample dtm DBFILE C LMS EXAMPLE EXAMPLE DB STRUCTURE2 2 C LMS EXAMPLESNCACHES1994 ALL1994 LENS 50 000000 VERTSCALE 1 000000 QUALITY 8 1 553321 12 5189286 39 1659 00 555351 63 5188088 31 1165 12 Figure 49 Script File from UVIEW 7 Delete every line except the last one Save the changes to the file 8 Editthe portfol
94. pendix A for a discussion of these basic features Prior to embarking on this discussion of LMS functions we should first get one definition out of the way What is a Landscape Management System Portfolio A LMS portfolio is the collection of files that LMS uses to simulate and analyze a landscape It includes the inventory files spatial files stand information files etc All of this information is stored in the portfolio directory Often in this manual we will refer to the Portfolio File 1ms which is a configuration file for the portfolio that tells LMS where all the other files are located This is just a basic description of the LMS Portfolio for a more detailed discussion see File Formats page 56 or the LMS Programmer s Guide General Functions This section describes the general functions of LMS that do not involve the projection or analysis of data Opening a Portfolio When LMS is started no data is loaded and it is necessary to open a portfolio This initializes the portfolio in LMS and loads all the relevant data into memory 1 With LMS running select FilelOpen Portfolio from the LMS menu to load the Open Portfolio dialog box Figure 1 Open 2 x File name Folders Cancel example ims Gy c Cx Ims S example Network Tir cache List files of type Drives LMS Files Ims amp c solomon Figure 1 Open Portfolio dialog box 2 Browse to the portfolio you want to
95. ponding the stand elsewhere in the program The second is the number of plots taken to gather the inventory information for the stand This information is for users only it is not used by LMS The third column is the location of the stand corresponding to the location codes used by FVS The fourth column is the site index This column can either be a numeric value or an which specifies that the site index values are being stored in an alternative file The fifth column is the habitat code again a FVS code The sixth is the age of stand at the initial inventory beginning year The seventh eighth and ninth columns are the stands slope aspect and elevation respectively The tenth column is the latitidude of the stand which is used by some growth models to calibrate the simulations The final column is the stand s acreage Site Index File SI Several of the growth models used by LMS including FVS and Organon can use species specific site index values LMS incorporates this functionality by using a separate file to list each stand s specific site index values An example of this file is shown below Site Index file for Example Portfolio DF 114 DF 120 WH 100 RA 59 DF 115 Figure 53 Site Index File This file has three columns The first is the stand the second the species and the final column is the site index value The naming convention used is lt port folio gt si and the file is used automatically whene
96. preadsheet In this example we will output a Landscape Inventory table for 1994 to a spreadsheet 1l With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select ViewlTables to open the Table dialog box Figure 13 2 Select the Landscape Tables option and the Landscape Inventory table from the Table Selection box Figure 13 Select 1994 from the Year Selection drop down box Select the Spreadsheet option from the Destination section Press OK When the LMSCMD PIF file finishes running press OK on the LMS Status dialog box The output should be similar to Figure 14 anew X Microsoft Excel Example t00 P x 53 File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help ll x JOSH SRY xs amp o cc wer rsc aria gt 10 Blu 226 8 spp dbh height cr exp vol mcw 1994 8 DF 10 10 73 00 0 35 250 77 60 0 00 1994 8 DF 10 10 73 00 0 35 250 77 60 0 00 1994 8 DF 11 20 81 00 0 45 250 99 02 0 00 1994 8 DF 11 50 83 00 0 45 2 50 100 41 0 00 1994 8 DF 12 00 87 00 0 45 2 50 127 36 0 00 1994 8 DF 13 30 111 00 0 45 250 204 65 0 00 1994 8 DF 13 90 99 00 0 45 250 185 82 0 00 1994 8 DF 14 00 99 00 0 45 2 50 186 93 0 00 1994 8 DF 14 70 100 00 0 45 2 50 215 02 0 00 1994 8 DF 14 90 105 00 0 45 2 50 234 51 0 00 1994 8 DF 14 90 107 00 0 45 2 50 235 59 0 00 1994 8 DF 15 30 107 00 0 55 250 258 44
97. radox database ASC2DB is the program that converts the ASCII file into a Paradox database ASC2DB is an MS DOS program with the following options 70 ASC2DB Revision 1 4 syntax ASC2DB ASCII file db file K Q H S F ASCII file name of ASCII file to convert to a PARADOX table name of PARADOX table to be created add a key on field 1 of the PARADOX table duplicate values in field 1 will cause a key violation and ASC2DB will abort suppress all screen output use decimal character to delimit string default use decimal character to delimit fields default display this help information w File format The ASCII file must conform to loosely structured format The first line must contain the field names enclosed in quotation marks and separated by commas The second line contains the field types enclosed in quotation marks and separated by commas A N S The following lines contain the data String fields must be enclosed in quotation marks and all fields are separated by commas Sample file line 1 Name Phone number Ag line 2 A20 A11 N line 3 5Sam 555 3212 25 line 4 Ralph 555 3412 35 Figure 62 ASC2DB Help Screen BUCKTREE Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 BUCKTREE examines the trees cu
98. re 6 12 Select Year Figure 6 Select Year Dialog Box 2 Select the year you want to go back too 3 Press OK to change the current year Treating Stands and Landscapes This section discusses those functions used for treating stands This is a major portion of the Landscape Management System and this section is one that should be examined closely to get an understanding of how to effectively use LMS Treatment Dialog Box Treatments are prototyped using the Treatment dialog box Figure 7 and may be later included in a scenario file page 29 All treatments except for planting are performed on the current year s data Regeneration planted in LMS is established in the next time period so all regeneration files reflect trees that are one time step old 13 Select Treatment Select Stand Select Thinning Stand Subset Selection v Thin gt Percentage Species Selection Y Target TPA Retain gt Basal Area Subsetfinig gt SDI Enable Species Include 1 Excude si gt Above Defined By Diameter Limits Below _ Enable gt Proportional EE NM Removed From Apply To Treated Stand gt Original Stand Sanu 2 Enable Fae S Year Year Edit Default pem Ingrowth Figure 7 Treatment Dialog The various parts of the dialog box are Select Stand Highlight by clicking on them the stands that should be treated u
99. remy S Wilson Script layers3 py The Canopy Layers in Stands Table applies a layer detection algorithm to determine the number of canopy layers in the stand Stand Value Table Author James B McCarter 91 Note This table cannot be modified The Stand Value Table applies the bucking and log sort algorithm to convert inventory records into log records with prices and values applied Stand Value Summary Author Jeremy S Wilson Script valsum py Calculates the present value of a stand for each time period This calculation is based on the standing volume of the stand The interest rate used can be changed in the LMS Configuration under the Log Sort option page 51 Stand Sort Summary Author Jeremy S Wilson Script sortsum py Summarizes the output from BUCKTREE and LOGVAL by stand species and sort Stand Wind Hazard Variables Author Jeremy S Wilson Script wind py Calculates the height to diameter ratio of the stand Extract CutList to run in FEEMA Author Christopher E Nelson Script feema py Extracts the harvested tree information from the LMS files and converts it into the format for FEEMA Finanical Evaluation of Ecosystem Management Activities USDA Forest Service to import Landscape Tables Landscape Attributes Author James B McCarter Note This table cannot be modified The Landscape Attributes Table provides stand level information from the SDB file Stand Area Table Author Jeremy
100. rom the LMS files and converts it into the format for FEEMA Finanical Evaluation of Ecosystem Management Activities USDA Forest Service to import Advanced Tables Struct Stage Classifications Author Christopher E Nelson and James B McCarter Note This table cannot be modified New stuctural stage classification program Select amoung the available classifications Output can be displayed by stand or by class Only runs in Win95 or above Oliver Struct Stage Class Win3 x Author Jeremy S Wilson Script olivers py Applied logic for Oliver s structural stage classification SI SE UR OG Quantitative rules were derived by discussion with Oliver See oliver py for details Carey Struct Stage Class Win3 x Author Jeremy S Wilson Script careys py Applies the classification designed by Andrew Carey The quantitative rules were derived by extrapolation See careys py for details East Cascade S S Class Win3 x Author Michael Wimberly Jeremy S Wilson and Christopher E Nelson Script eastss py Applies the logic for Oliver s east side structural stage classification SI SE UR OG Quantitative rules were derived by discussion with Oliver See eastss py for details Puget Trough S S Class Win3 x Author Christopher E Nelson and Jeremy S Wilson Script hesspt py Applies the classification designed by Steve Stinson based off of Andrew Carey s classification The quantitative rules developed by Ste
101. s an existing table to be used for a new species In the above example the RC species will use the same table as DF Down Species Section DOWN PP dclas 3 age0 1 00 age5 1 00 agel0 agel5 age20 age25 age30 age35 age40 age45 age50 age55 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 75 50 do 00 00 00 00 1 MOM o9 SN oy O101010 01010101 015 Wh 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 9 194529 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 PRP RP uS 000 CPP EF 999 9 The DOWN spp sections work the same way except that the trees that don t remain as logs disappear from the simulation Limitations There can be any number of species defined in the CWDSIM INI file Each transition table can have up to 10 diameter classes and any number of age classes Inventory File Formats The snag and down log inventory files must conform with the LMS Inventory and Snag File formats pages 59 amp 59 73 Running CWDSIM Generally CWDSIM is run in the context of LMS It can also be run independently Several command line options are useful for debugging problems with the model Running CWDSIM with no command line options will produce the following usage screen The c option is used to check and validate the format of the CWDSIM INI file The program wi
102. scissesetecasoaseusdesuuatwssaavasussloacassasen cosets covecbeeseasussees ceswbsecoundessusuabensesceddeisesteisessescesteseadueoeslesoseteas 8 What is a Landscape Management System Portfolio sse tenete tenentes 8 General F nctiOns ue eer trt et em e nre Pp aeter Openinga Portfolio 5e oett ete Reed Saving Portfolio teet e rte ee E Re teens Closing d Portfolio 5a ete ra rette ert pee a e t me ete R storing a POFtfolio 5e nre pero e ee RM t PR OR RR RACER RAE Backing up a Portfolio tete ESPERE EE tee onset HERR ERERKEN gave Viewing the Portfolio Log es ee ure tete teta tite er eat ee tam eee ied 10 Flushing the Cache r uoo Eee ertet Red Projecting Stands and Landscapes sese eene entente tenen entente netten teneret ten enne tenentes Projecting 5t nds seruo eno e UU CR RD e RU REPRE 11 Projecting Landscapes ss ee eed hal Nore bale Rae e RIDE IER a a ete e eee 12 Changing the Current Cat o s ses oerte pee e I ae EP a Uere rrt lente 12 Treating Stands and Landscapes Treatment Dialog BOX e RISING NI ee Rte iet Ie 13 DCIS OAM cts oeste eo Deeds pedes nier TR E eM tek c ICI TEE Select Thinmhng oie Re e Do ieu Stand Subset Selection 2324 ere ied p REIR DIRAIS Ingrowth Apply To Specific Examples of Treating Stands ses Thunning a Stand cebat odere ee dea do e ee te ce eerte cedat io e Keinen NE NE Regenerating a Stand s oer eee rte
103. select OptionsILMS Configuration from the menu to open the Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Press the Stand Projection button to open the Stand Projection Configuration dialog box Figure 43 Stand Projection Configuration xi FVS Options Board Foot Volume Enable Addfile gt Cubic Foot Volume Merch Cubic Foot Volume Enable Calbration Data Figure 43 Stand Projection Configuration Dialog Box 3 Choose what units you want the volume to be in 4 Press OK Note Not every growth model can support the different volume units For information on whether the growth model you are using supports different volume units see the model s documentation Also changing the units used for projection does not change the units of any projection already performed Using FVS Keyfiles in LMS LMS has the ability to use the FVS keywords and keyfiles to modify the behavior of the FVS growth model An explanation of the available keywords and how to implement them in a keyfile can be found in the FVS model documentation These keywords can be included in the portfolio name key file in the portfolios directory This file may not exist and may have to be created 1 With LMS running select OptionsILMS Configuration from the menu to open the Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Press the Stand Projection button to open the Stand Projection Configuration dialog box Figure 43 50 3 Check the box ne
104. sing the treatment you specify in the dialog box Note that more than one stand can be selected and treated Select Thinning If the thinning option is enabled by checking the box in the upper left corner then the stand will be thinned according to the parameters specified in this section Retain This specifies what the remaining inventory will be It can either be Percentage Target TPA Trees per Acre Basal Area or SDI Stand Density Index depending on what option is selected Removed from These options specify how LMS determines what trees to remove from the stand inventory Above below or proportional can be by either DBH diameter at breast height or by tree height depending on which option is selected Above removes those trees that have a larger DBH or height Below removes those with a smaller DBH or height Proportional removes evenly from across the spectrum of DBH s or heights Stand Subset Selection Often it is desirable to treat only one species or range of diameters in a stand An example would be removing Red Alder from a stand to favor conifers There are two different ways to subset the stand selected they can be used independently or in unison Enable either by checking the box next to the function Species Selection This option allows specific species to be treated or ignored in the treatment Species to ignore should be added to the Exclude area while those to treat should be added to the In
105. stem CWDSIM was adapted from work by Bruce Marcot PNW Research Station Portland Michael Wimberly adapted the basic modeling framework and transition matrices from a spreadsheet based model into a C program The program was modified to fit into the structure of LMS and subsequently re written by James McCarter Neitro W A V W Binkley S P Cline R W Mannan B G Marcot D Taylor and F F Wagner 1985 Snags wildlife trees Pages 129 169 in E R Brown ed Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western Oregon and Washington Part 1 chapter narratives Projection Method The main variables in the snag and down log projections are species age and diameter Age of a snag or down log is the time since mortality The decay class of snags and down logs increases with age and older snags generally have a higher probability of falling over Falling and decay rates are available from several published sources or they can be obtained through monitoring or retrospective analysis CWDSIM INI The transition matrices are stored in the CWDSIM INI configuration file They may be edited my the user to achieve snag and log retension that are more realistic The configuration file consist of 4 sections Snag Section SNAG interval 5 default DF The SNAG section specifies the interval for the following transition tables as well as the table to use for unknown species default Down Section DOWN interval 5 defa
106. stem Windows 95 98 NT If you are installing from CD the setup program should automatically begin If it does not or if LMS was downloaded follow these instructions 1 Click StartilRun from within Windows 2 Click the Browse button 3 Locate the Ims16setup exe file This file will be placed wherever you chose to download it or on your CD drive if you are installing from CD ROM 4 Select the Ims16setup exe file and click OK 5 Follow the onscreen instructions to install the program Windows 3 x 1 Double click on the Main program group 2 Double click on the File Manager icon 3 Select FilelRun from the File Manager menu 4 Change to the directory in which the LMS 16setup exe file is stored 5 Double click LMS 16setup exe and follow the onscreen instructions Basic Functions This section describes how to perform the basic functions of LMS These functions are broken into three main areas general functions treating projecting stands and analyzing landscapes Each section will be discussed with its related functions The Landscape Management System comes with three sets of data for use in becoming familiar with the program This manual will assume that you are using the Example portfolio example 1ms for the following examples If you are using another data set then substitute it wherever the Example portfolio is mentioned Users unfamiliar with the basic parts and functions of Windows programs should see Ap
107. t volumec py Change Volume for the landscape Volume by Size Class Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volbydbh py Change in volume for the landscape divided by size class Cut Volume by Size Class Author Jeremy S Wilson Script volbydbh py Cut volume for the landscape divided by size class Advanced Charts Struct Stage Classification Author Christopher E Nelson and James B McCarter Note This chart cannot be modified New structural stage classification program Use dialog to select amoung available classification Only one may be charted at a time Only run in Win95 or above Oliver Struc Stage Class Win3 x Author Jeremy S Wilson Script oliversc py Proportion of landscape in Oliver s structural stages 99 Carey Struc S Class Win3 x Author Jeremy S Wilson Script careysc py Proportion of landscape in Carey s structural stages East Cascade S S Class Win3 x Author Jeremy S Wilson Script eastssc py Proportion of landscape in Oliver s East Cascade structural stages Puget Trough S S Class Win3 x Author Christopher E Nelson Script hespptc py Proportion of landscape in Stinson s Puget Trough structural stages Height Diamter Plot Author James B McCarter Script hd py Plot of the height diameter ratio of all trees in the inventory compared to HD 100 line 100
108. t box Select the second treatment from the Treatment list box Enable the thinning option and set the retain value to 10 Enable Species Sub selection and include Red Alder RA and Big Leaf Maple BM Press the Replace button to replace the second treatment with the new one 1 90 LOO tA Portfolio Editor The LMS Portfolio Editor is designed to simplify the task of managing portfolios It allows users to copy stands remove stands and edit the files used by the portfolio In addition to the management of existing portfolios the editor is used to create new portfolios in LMS This section will deal with those functions used for managing existing portfolios Information about importing new data into LMS is available in the LMS Case Studies document 38 Portfolio Editor Window The Portfolio Editor is a typical Windows program Figure 30 For general information on how to use these types of programs see Appendix A page 65 LMS Portfolio Editor Portfolio EXAMPLE File Stands Help Figure 30 Portfolio Editor Main Window Changing the Projection Step Size Time steps for growth projections are defined by the Portfolio Step Size variable Most growth models are capable of projecting tree data forward using a variety of time steps For specific information and limitations see the documentation for the growth model being used In this example we will change the step size of the Example portfolio from 10 to 5 years 1 With
109. t in each time period and bucks them into logs Usage BUCKTREE 1 x m 4 s t v treelist tre treeval l1gl Divide tree records into a series of log records 1 4 log length default 16 x d exclude logs shorter than default 0 m 4 minimum top diameter default 4 s stump height diameter default 1 t trim on each log default 1 0 N verbose output BUCKTREE Version 1 3 Apr 13 1999 10 27 47 Copyright 1995 J B McCarter Univ of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 Figure 63 BUCKTREE Help Screen CWDSIM Author James B McCarter 71 Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 CWDSIM is designed to project changes in the distribution of coarse woody debris snags and down logs over time Projections are based on rates of removal how many snags fall over in a given time period and rates of decay how long a snag remains in a particular decay class The program is designed to have optimum flexibility Falling rates and decay rates are read from an external data table that the user can easily modify All user selected options are either specified in this data table or passed to the program from the command line This allows CSDWIM to easily be integrated with forest growth models in an automated sy
110. t into files needed for input to FVS Options are filename add keywords in filename to generated keyword file cycle length in years default 5 number of cycles default 1 standid stand name to pass through to keyword file echo progress as FVSSETUP runs inventory year FVSSETUP Version Version 1 6 Oct 2 1996 13 14 17 Copyright 1996 J B McCarter Univ of Washington College of For Res Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 2100 Figure 67 FVSSETUP Help Screen IMPRTDEM Author Bob McGaughey Contact Information mcgoy u washington edu Note IMPRTDEM is distributed as part of the UTOOLS software package 76 IMPRTDEM converts USGS Level 1 7 5 minute DEM format files to PC PLANS Binary format The PC PLANS Binary format is used by UVIEW to represent the digital elevation information for the ground surface Digital elevation data is available in many formats one of which is the USGS Level 1 7 5 minute DEM format This format can also be created using various GIS software for example by using the LATTICEDEM command in Arc Info EM Import Utility Special Release Version 1 10 IMPRTDEM usage IMPRTDEM source dest Xunits Zunits Q source name of source USGS DEM data file dest name of reformatted DTM data file Xunits desired units of measurement for planimetric XY data choices are FEET or METERS Zunits desired units of measurement for elevation Z data choices are
111. tal basal area 0 lt barea only selected trees from Above Below default is proportional from above below using height default is DBH species included for treatment species excluded from treatment min and or max diameter DBH for treatment separate multiple treatments mode default Quiet mode initialization file response file Show this help screen Copyright 1996 University of Washington UW College of Forest Resources Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195 2100 UCELL5 Author Contact Information Figure 76 TRTSTAND Help Screen Alan Ager Bob McGaughey mcgoy u washington edu Note UCELLS is distributed as part of the UTOOLS software package UCELL is software included in the UTOOLS Watershed Analysis and Visualization software UCELL is used to rasterize GIS polygon coverages into a raster based Paradox database This database is used by UVIEW to display spatial information on the landscape We use UCELL5 EXE and UWCELL EXE for this rasterization process UWCELL is a special version of UCELL that handles UTM coordinates with 7 digits in the X value UVIEW Author Contact Information Bob McGaughey mcgoy Q u washington edu Note UVIEW is distributed as part of the UTOOLS software package UVIEW is the landscape visualization software that LMS uses for displaying landscape with vegetation Command options are 87 Figure 77 UVIEW Main Screen UVIEW uses a camera lens
112. tete tenen esiaeg Ei Copying a Portfolio ecce rm tee a ya e rerepa a aa Ee EE ae ArNe nye eeetteme ntptees Copying Stands to a New Portfolio Making Multiple Copies of a Stand s sees eene tenente tenente tette erento tentent Copying a Stand from another Portfolio sese tenete tenente tentent Deleting Stands from a Portfolio tenente nte ten entente tete tentent te tentent Renaming Stands in a Portfolio seen teet ten entente eiigis Splitting Starnds eee dde Restoring the Portfolio to its Original State Reconstructing an Inventory File tetro te i e re OU RR ERN reign Advanced OPCs arix coccedcenensscnnscasnsucssesossuceasesmeatoossnsdsosvenuce des one ceasnssessnbscnaveasesmeseasnseneecsesneatcossnsuressonseesesesessasescensnsoconasess 48 Configuring the Landscape Management System sse tentent tenente ttntn nen 48 Changing the Default Text Editor eee OT ete I Ue Heel ee Deed Changing the Default Spreadsheet and Map Viewer Displaying Snags and Logs in Visualizations ssese essent tenentem netten tenens Enabling the Snag Mode reped Rep ee RR ER e NE eee ee dies Changing the Visualization Display Options sese tentn tnter nte tenentes Changing the Way Projections are Performed sees eene tenente tenentes Changing the Units of Volume Used when Projecting Using FVS Keyfiles in LMS
113. tid Cut Volume uon pH EDITED IUE EU IERI REO re HI erue 93 Voluimeby Size Class 4 etes eedpTO DOE TORTE D I HERE TOP Er RU eee Volume by Spp amp Size Basal Area By Diameter Class 2 5 onte Hort Rer Hber peto Ree es 94 Landscape Value Table creeeren X Landscape Value Summary EE ERIT EIDEM Landscape Wind Hazard Variables esses eterne enne tenens teet ene trennen nennen 94 Extract CutList toT n i PERMA sce eerte eben Red oo endete ipe redeo Mee tate otto 95 Advanced Tables oer ao pete oen AR Re RUE RR RE HR RUE RD Struct Stage Classifications Oliver Struct Stage Class W1n3 X ee rte ae e ee rh e bM e eh tea teens eae ER cde tease 95 Carey Struct Stage Class Wiri3 X eee UE eese E ei bee eene 95 East Cascade S S Class Win3 x Puget Trough S S Class Win3 x Adjacency Conflicts Washington esos sirenos eioen ikia teen nennen tenen teens teet enitn tenter 96 NPVAL Summary Malue Summaty z cedo fece tene eene sutil o a deese de pied Owl Habitata 4 3 e tetro need PO Ta re e nee Ue d he decet He nie ete dee Extract Treelist for FVS Raw Run Contiguous Analysis zu Sane pU DM UE e ne t Ee tens 96 Ruffed Grouse Habitat Suitability epirote einsetinn e eee nette eterne nennen trennen 97 Barred Owl Habitat Suitability sic eco UNDER E reine 97 eru Mc 97 Stand Charts prd L
114. tion growth models and decision support systems various parts of the system can be replaced as new information and techniques become available or they can be used as components in other computerized systems e Flexible LMS works with a representative tree list By maintaining the large amount of information about stands contained in a tree list LMS can incorporate new management objectives and measures that can be linked to the tree list information e Easy to Use LMS is a Microsoft Windows application and operates in a point and click manner e Projects Growth LMS projects growth at the stand and landscape levels using existing growth models of your choice Changes in stands and landscapes can be projected over time under different management regimes e Presents Visualizations LMS in concert with the Stand Visualization System SVS and UVIEW provides visualizations of the projected stands and landscapes and can be used to provide information on changes in habitats susceptibilities to fire etc along with wood quantity and quality in graphic and tabular forms LMS coordinates the activities of various pieces of software that in combination can be used for the management projection summarization and visualization of information about stands on the landscape It is an integrative effort that combines technologies and available software into a comprehensive system that facilitates landscape level planning management and ana
115. tor 2 From the LMS Portfolio Editor s menu select FilelCopy Portfolio to open the Copy Portfolio dialog box Figure 32 This dialog has a number of options allowing some or all of the files in a portfolio to be copied The choice of which file to copy is dependent on what the objective is 40 Copy Portfolio C LMS Example2 Figure 32 Copy Portfolio Dialog Box 3 Press the Browse button to open the Select Directory dialog box Figure 33 to choose the directory for the portfolio to be copied For this example choose a temporary directory to store the new portfolio as you will probably not use it again Select Directory amp example cache Figure 33 Select Directory Dialog Box 4 Choose which files should be copied by checking the box next to the type of file Note that the All and Clear buttons will either select all or none of the options respectively Press the All button 5 Once the files have been selected and the directory specified press OK The Portfolio Editor will then copy the specified files to the new directory Copying Stands to a New Portfolio The Copying Stands function allows users to copy specified stands from an existing portfolio to a new one The stand attribute and inventory information are copied for the stands providing a way to create portfolios that are subsets of an existing portfolio This can be used to analyze a set of special stands separately from the rest of the p
116. tories and present stand and landscape level visualization and graphics What is the Landscape Management Project The Landscape Management Project is a cooperative project between the Silviculture Laboratory College of Forest Resources University of Washington and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station The Landscape Management Project was created to investigate methods and facilitate techniques for the management of forested landscapes One focus of the project is to emphasize management over broader temporal and spatial scales Funding for the project was initiated through the efforts of Congressman Norm Dicks A major effort of the Landscape Management Project is to integrate and or develop necessary technologies to facilitate landscape level management Description of the Landscape Management System The Landscape Management System LMS integrates forest inventory information geographic information computerized growth models decisions support systems and other applications to facilitate landscape ecosystem and watershed management LMS projects changes in individual stands and landscapes up to 50 000 acres it can be used on any forested region for which there is a growth model and appropriate inventory information LMS can be used for management planning policy making and education It has been designed with the following features e Modular It can incorporate all forms of inventory data geographic informa
117. ult PP The DOWN sections serves the same functions SNAG except that it is for down logs Snag Species Section 72 SNAG age0 age5 agel0 agel5 age20 age25 age30 age35 age40 age45 age50 age55 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PP dclass 3 00 Sf e295 25 L5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1 MOM o9 OM ONS O10101010 01010101 4 Ww hd 1 CeOOoOoOoocooococooocoooco 00 83 59 50 EE 46 45 45 00 00 00 00 9 84 os NON OM NS OM o9 BE PKR KH BWWWDN DYE O Or C3 C909 O9 2 c C CO C CO ES 19 29 00 98 OZ 67 60 96 54 6537 9095 925 52 00 BE GR a uu g cldocbhtM pPpO 999 9 The SNAG spp sections specifies transition table for the specified species The above example if for PP Ponderosa pine The table contains 3 diameter classes lt 9 84 9 83 n lt 19 29 gt 19 29 The remainder of the table specifies the transition probabilities and decay classes for the combination of diameter and age For a 20 year old PP tree less than 9 84 inches in diameter the number of snags currently standing would be multiplied by 0 25 to reflect that 2596 of the snags of this size remain standing The remainder would be moved into the down log inventory Translation Table SNAG RC use DF A special format of the translation table allow
118. ve Stinson See the hcsspt py for details 95 Adjacency Conflicts Washington Author Jeremy S Wilson Script greenup py Evaluates current and projected landscape inventory information to determine if any harvesting violates the size and timing of even aged harvesting specified in the Washington Forest Practices Board Manual Based on 1993 rules A neighborhood table residing in the portfolio directory is required The output from this table shows stands that violate the green up rules The table details year stand proportion of the perimeter surrounded by gt 30 year old stands gt 15 year old stands and gt 5 year old stand and the total acreage of all contiguous clearcuts less than 5 years old Average stand height is used as a surrogate for age Height age cutoffs can be altered by editing the greenup py file in the Ims python directory Change ht5 ht15 and ht30 to correspond to local conditions This analysis is not intended to be defensible rather it provides a red flag for areas that may need to be investigated further Example output year stand age30 agel5 age5 acres Wash regs 0 30 0 60 0 90 120 00 1994 MR NON FOR 0 0000 0 4938 0 8810 30 60 NPVAL Summary Author Christopher E Nelson Script npval py Calculates the present value of a set of treatment and projections for the landscape The assumptions built into the script such as prices and costs can be modified See npval py for details Valu
119. ver it is present in the Portfolio Directory If there is not a value defined in this file for a species or a stand then the default value listed in the Stand Database File will be used 58 Inventory Files INV The dynamic inventory information for LMS portfolios is stored in an ASCII file An example of this file is shown below polygon 8 DF 10 cOocococococococcoc cOocococococococcoc P3 P2 PR Pn n3 m n n nm 1 2 cu 4 5 6 te 8 3 D OO 7 C C whe LP C3 C C o5 c SMO C dgio go cgo cn Figure 54 Inventory File Note The ellipsis indicates that lines have been removed from the file for display purposes only The first line shown in the example is the polygon identifier This corresponds with the stand names in LMS The lines between the two polygon identifiers are the individual tree records for the first polygon The individual tree records can have either 7 or 8 columns of information The first column is the tree record which is not used by LMS The second column is the species code This code is whatever the growth model being used has for species codes The third column is the DBH of the tree record The fourth is the height The fifth is the crown ratio The sixth is the expansion factor or how many trees per acre this record represents in the current stand The seventh column is the volume of the tree record This is on a per tree basis and is in whatever units that LMS is using The
120. what type of files will be displayed in the file selection box The contents of this drop down box will change depending on where the dialog was created Drives This drop box is how to change drives when trying to find a file Press on the down arrow to get a list of available drives Creating Directories Some functions in LMS require a directory to be created manually The method used depends on the type of operating system Windows 95 98 NT In Windows 95 98 NT it is easiest to use Windows Explorer to create directories 1 Start Windows Explorer itis usually available from the StartlPrograms menu from the Windows Start Bar 2 Browse to the location you want to create a new directory on the left hand pane 3 Select the FilelNewlFolder option 4 Rename the folder Windows 3 1x 1 Start File Manager located in the Main folder 2 Select the FilelCreate New Directory option 3 Name the directory and press OK 69 Appendix B Documentation and Credits for LMS Support Programs LMS is a tool that integrates many others Some of the programs it integrates were written expressly for LMS but not all LMS also incorporates many programs that were designed for other purposes by other people This section provides the documentation and credits that are due to these authors ADDELEV Author Bob McGaughey Contact Information mcgoy Q u washington edu NOTE ADDELEY is distributed as part of the UTOOLS package ADDELEYV is
121. wn shapes default for profile view Solid trees depict crown shapes with solid colors default for overhead view Realistic trees show crown shapes and branching patterns default for perspective view Bottom Right Buttons The Tree Designer button in the lower right corner can be used to modify existing species formats or create new ones The Configuration button allows the user to specify preferred defaults for many features and modify the color palette used by SVS The Full screen buttons display a full screen view of the specified window ESC or RETURN to return to the main window If you would like a full screen image of window 2 set the mouse arrow over the overhead image and click The overhead view 85 will now be switched to window 1 The Tree list info button displays some summary statistics about the stand and a choice of graphs to display The Quit button returns a user to the main LMS window SVS2UP Author James B McCarter Contact Information email jmac silvae cfr washington edu Phone 206 616 2376 Address College of Forest Resources Box 352100 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 SVS 2UP is the program that LMS uses to display two stands side by side It takes two SVS files and combines them adjusting the coordinates in the second stand so that it is displayed to the right of the first stand Usage SVS2UP plotone SVS plottwo SVS outfile SVS Combine two SVS files for side by side display in SVS
122. xample we will replace the second treatment for stand 82 in 1994 with one that removes all but 10 of the Red Alder RA and Big Leaf Maple BM 1 With LMS running and the Example portfolio open select the ScenariolScenario Editor option to load the Scenario Editor 2 The program will prompt to load an existing scenario file select Yes to open the File dialog 3 Browse to the directory containing the Example scn file and press OK to load the scenario file 4 Select 1994 from the Year list box Figure 29 37 LMS Scenario Editor OF x Portfolio EXSMPLE LMS Starting Year 1994 End Year 201 4 Scenario Example scn Step Size 10 years m Select Year and Stand Treatments Year Stand 150 SDI BELOW INCLUDE DF WH u 5 INCLUDE BMRA Down Add Delete Replace New File Load File Save File 17 43 58 TIGHETEd About Help Change Potato Preview Exit Thinning Subset Selection V Enable Percentage Species DBH Retain fio C n ze lv Enable Enable Exclude r Standara fears Lm m Removed From Include Jen RA Min Mas Subset mny C SDI l oo Defined By C Above DBH Below C Hei eight C Proportional impart Erpat Ingrowth Enable File Edit Browse Default Figure 29 Replacing a Treatment Select stand 82 from the Stand lis
123. xt to the Enable Addfile option to cause LMS to read the lt portfolio_name gt key when performing projections Note The keyfiles are used only by FVS they will not work with any other growth model Like all other configuration changes any changes made will not affect any projection performed prior to the configuration change Changing the way Logs are Bucked The LMS bucking algorithm bucks trees into logs and assigns a grade to the resulting log The length top diameter and other variables used can be updated in LMS Any of the parameters can be changed using the same method For that reason only one parameter will be changed in this example For further information on how these parameters are used by the algorithm see the LMS LOGVAL Documentation page 1 With LMS running select OptionsILMS Configuration from the menu to open the Configuration dialog box Figure 41 2 Press the Log Sort button to open the LOGVAL Configuration dialog box Figure 44 LOGVAL Configuration X Log Sort Options The Log Sort Algorithm applies log og Length prices to inventory information to produce logs and values Top Diameter _ Suppress Proportions Stump Height Interest Rate percent Trim Figure 44 LOGVAL Configuration Dialog Box 3 Change the desired parameters and press OK 4 Press OK on the Configuration dialog box and choose where you want to update the configuration Adding Tree Record Numbers to T
124. y Size Class Table provides a summary of volume by size class pole sawtimber large sawtimber for the landscape Volume by Spp amp Size Author Jeremy S Wils on Script volumesd py The Volume by Spp amp Size Table provides a summary of volume by species and size class for the landscape Basal Area By Diameter Class Author James B McCarter Script badclass py Basal area and number of trees by 2 inch diameter classes for all stands Landscape Value Table Author James B McCarter Note This table cannot be modified The Landscape Value Table takes inventory records and applies a log bucking and sorting algorithm to assing prices and values to logs The results of this table can then be used for finaicial analyses Landscape Value Summary Author Jeremy S Wilson Script valsum py Calculates the present value of the stands in each time period This calculation is based on the standing volume of the stand The interest rate used can be changed in the LMS Configuration under the Log Sort option page 51 Landscape Sort Summary Author Jeremy S Wilson Script sortsum py Summarizes the output from BUCKTREE and LOGVAL by stand species and sort Landscape Wind Hazard Variables Author Jeremy S Wilson Script wind py 94 Calculates the height to diameter ratio of the stand Extract CutList to run in FEEMA Author Christopher E Nelson Script feema py Extracts the harvested tree information f

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