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1. tx wav TX Wavelength Query tx wav 13101 1550 TX Wavelength Set RECEIVER REMOTE COMMANDS nnngvnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnennnesnnnnnsnnnnsnnnnnsvnnnnsnnnnne 30 TX 2488 an opt KEE 30 IX 248 B IDA ca RR EO EMEN ROREM ORBIS 30 IX apd info duae lan deres esken 30 prekener ee NM dere ert Re ae A E M REA AE 30 rx opt ALINE E M MP 2 6 IX opt alarm le dir NUI ER 31 EXAM Ap Cham 1 48 ed esee th REA RR AR BUR Or e ep e e DR RODA EE FX mapping usas ii es Tx mapping sts Ll sts3e Lstsl2e LSts480 leese eegen EE EE Ei ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET rx mapping stmO vc4 vc4 4c VC4 160 Jorine hennara E a R i 31 Ix test pattes ratae e B E 32 rx test patt pn23 pn23inv pn31 pn3 Linv I fixed 00 to Pl NEEN 32 Pointers Ix neg pj T am va es B E PL E 32 TR SPE DA esee reme he de E eerte ee erre 32 ERD phrase 32 B1 B2 B3 Payload Bit Path REI FEBE TSE Error Data Query Commands bl er B1 Total Error Count hi er B2 Total Error Count b3 er B3 Total Error Count path rei err Path REI Total Error Count GD pb em Pattern Bit Total Error Count SONET sees essent tenete tenente tenente tenete te tenente tenete tenentes tse err TSE Total Error Coun
2. E e tx febe ena Tx FEBE Enable Query SONET esesrrorenenvrerenenererenenererenenerevenenerenenenerenenenerenenenerenenenerenenenerenenenerenenes tx rei cent n Tx REI Errored Frames Count Set tx rei cnt Tx REI Errored Frames Count Query NEEN xerei secs nm Ex REI Duration Set xin eret ceret e ot rev i e e re d tx rei secs Tx REI Duration Query sess tx rei ena burst timed I cont I off Tx REI Enable Set i vo tx rei ena Tx REI Enable Querys ieie EE tee a RU ER ERR ERR EDEN EU Ee veis TOH Edit and Query Commands sessssessvssverevesenssvenenensenenenenseneneneensnenensssenenenenseneneneensnenensseenenenenseneneseenenenenssseneneseenenenensssenenesne tx oh edit onlesclenter TX Overhead Edit eese nnne trennen enint tiet ves tx oh edit TX Overhead Query cise oa eR t Nette iae ERO ee ec tee ei ee eee tx oh all Transmit Overhead All Query SH tx oh def Transmit Overhead Default tx oh byte s Transmit Overhead Byte Query tx oh byte s b Transmit Overhead Byte Set tx oh offset n b Transmit Overhead Offset Byte Set ANEN tx oh offset n Transmit Overhead Offset Query ENEE tx oh pass 1 9 all Transmitter Overhead Pass uere dn RR HEC Ed tx oh write 1 9 all Transmitter Overhead Write tx oh b pass jOlel IfI I dl Ik1 I d4 Iml I s1 I e2 1 c2 all ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Comma
3. Command Execution Error The instrument did not execute the command properly Out of Memory Processor is out of memory 1 4 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual External Controllers and Printers Storing and Printing Data Most Terminal Emulation packages have the ability to capture data to a file or direct it to a printer These functions are usually listed as File Capture and Print Capture The file capture function prompts for a path and file name before saving the file to disk saved data files can be reviewed on screen or printed on paper at any time when the data is needed Using the RS 232C for PC based Printing Enter CTRL Q to quit VFP mode if it is active Sequentially push the SETUP key on the ST2400A until the REPORT TEST TIME menu is displayed Enter the menu and set up the report as if it was going to be printed on a dedicated printer Rather than select the default parallel printer port however select the RS 232C port instead With the RS 232 port and your emulator set up as described earlier all reports that normally would go to the printer will be displayed on the screen The scrolling buffer and data capture capabilities provided by your communications software are available for viewing and reviewing the data An example of the on screen printer display is shown in the figure below START 1996 01 22 04 31 20 RATE STHL6 STERT 1996 01 27 04 32 20 ELAPSED SECONDS 40 W Defects or Errors Detected
4. H 6 Line Remote Defect Indication RDI L A signal returned to the transmitting Line Terminating Equipment LTE upon detecting a Loss of Signal Loss of Frame or AIS L defect RDI L was previously known as Line FERF Line Overhead LOH 18 bytes of overhead accessed generated and processed by line terminating equipment This overhead supports functions such as locating the SPE in the frame multiplexing or concatenating signals performance monitoring automatic protection switching and line maintenance Line Terminating Equipment LTE Network elements such as add drop multiplexers or digital cross connect systems which can access generate and process Line Overhead Locked Mode A virtual tributary mode that fixes the starting location of the VT SPE Locked mode has less pointer processing than floating mode Mapping The process of associating each bit transmitted by a service into the SONET payload structure that carries the service For example mapping a DS1 service into a SONET VT1 5 associates each bit of the DS1 with a location in the VT1 5 Multiplexer A device for combining several channels to be carried by one line or fiber Mesochronous A network whereby all nodes are timed to a single clock source thus all timing is exactly the same truly synchronous Narrowband Services requiring up to 1 5 Mb s transport capacity Network Element NE In SONET the five basic network elements are add dro
5. Remote Commands SDH SONET rs xon xoff on off RS 232C Flow Control Set Enables or disables the RS 232C flow control mode Example rs xon xoff on Response NONE rs xon xoff RS 232C Flow Control Query Returns a character string that indicates the current RS 232C flow control status Example rs xon xoff Response RS XON XOFF ON Note The current XON XOFF flow control can be on enabled or off disabled ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 19 Remote Commands SDH SONET General Setup Commands date yy yy mm dd Date Set Sets the instrument s internal calendar Example date 1996 08 30 Response NONE date Date Query Returns a character string indicating the internally stored date Example date Response DATE 1996 08 30 quick setup n Quick Setup Only valid in Transceivers Used to recall one of the four factory default setups Argument O sets the TX transmitter to internal and the RX receiver to S 155Mb s drop 1 sets the TX transmitter to internal and the RX receiver to 622Mb s drop 2 sets the TX transmitter to external 155Mb s and the RX to 155Mb s drop 3 sets the TX transmitter to external 622Mb s and the RX to 622Mb s drop Example quick setup 1 Response NONE Note The quick setup command will NOT enable the STM 12 transmit laser save_setup n Save Setup Saves the current instrument setup in location n Example save setup n n a decimal number from
6. Response TX FEBE CNT 14 See the Tx Line FEBE Errored Frames Count Set Command ix febe secs n m Tx FEBE Duration Set SONET Sets the Line FEBE duration of time in seconds Argument n m is a decimal number from 0 1 to 9 9 seconds Example tx febe secs 3 9 Response NONE Notes The default value is 2 5 seconds Used with the timed argument of the tx febe ena command ix febe secs Tx FEBE Duration Query SONET Returns the current settings for the Line FEBE duration in seconds Example tx febe secs Response TX FEBE SECS 3 9 Note See the Tx FEBE Duration Set Command ix febe ena burst timed cont off SONET Enables or disables the far end block error FEBE insertion event Arguments burst generates one single error event timed generates the event for the period set cont generates a continuous event off disables the event including continuous and burst Example tx febe ena off Response NONE Note The duration of the timed event is set by the tx febe secs command ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 77 Remote Commands SDH SONET tx febe ena Tx FEBE Enable Query SONET Returns the current status FEBE insertion event Example tx febe ena off Response TX FEBE ENA OFF Note See the Tx FEBE Enable Set Command ix rei cnt n Tx REI Errored Frames Count Set Sets the number n of frames that will contain a Line REI Remote Error Indication signal Argument n is a number from 1 to 255 Exa
7. Response 50 RX Mapping rx map chan Query Channel mapping Example rx map chan rx map chan 1 48 Setting Channel mapping Example rx map chan 16 Note dependent on rx mapping that is selected rx mapping Query mapping on RX Example rx mapping rx mapping sts1 sts3c sts12c sts48c SONET Setting mapping signal Example rx mapping rx mapping stm0 vc4 vc4 4c vc4 16c SDH Setting mapping signal Example rx mapping ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET 2 31 Remote Commands SDH SONET rx test patt Query Test Pattern RX Example rx test patt Response rx test patt pn23 pn23inv pn31 pn31inv fixed 00 to FF Setting Test Pattern on RX Example rx test patt Response pn3 linv Note rx test patt fixed 00 is equivalent to rx test patt allzeros Pointers rx neg pj Query Negative Pointer Justification during test Example rx neg pj Response Value set to zero everytime a test is started rx pos pj Query Positive Pointer Justification during test Example IX pos pj Response Value set to zero everytime a test is started rx spe ndf Query Synchronous Payload Envelope New Data Flag during test Example rx spe ndf Response Value set to zero everytime a test is started rx spe pntr Query live status of Synchronous Payload Envelope Pointer Example IX spe pntr Response Value set to zero everytime
8. TOH Transport Overhead Bytes rx oh all Receive Overhead All Query Section Line Path overhead bytes E e Clear text Example rx oh al Response RX OH ALL 0 4 HF6 1 4 H28 etc Note The first number before the comma is the NR1 byte count format ranging from zero to thirty five for the TOH and POH bytes in the following order A1 A2 JO J1 B1 B3 D1 Z5 and thirty six through thirty nine for bytes V1 V2 V3 V4 The H code after the comma is corresponding byte value in non decimal numeric hexadecimal rx_oh_byte s Receive Overhead Byte Query Returns the value of the specified TOH byte Whereas the argument s is a byte clear text listed in table above Example rx_oh_byte K2 Response RX OH BYTE K2 H22 Note The argument K2 in the example corresponds to the K2 byte The K2 before the comma in the response in the corresponding byte label The code H22 after the comma is the hexadecimal non decimal numeric value of the K2 byte ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 61 Remote Commands SDH SONET rx oh offset n Receive Overhead Offset Query Returns the overhead byte associated with the specified offset All POH Path Overhead and VT Virtual Tributary bytes equal zero because only section and line testing are supported by the ST2400A Whereas the argument n is the corresponding offset value for the byte clear text using the format byte clear text offset value liste
9. Do not operate this product from a power source that applies more than the voltage specified Provide Proper Ventilation To prevent product overheating provide proper ventilation Do not operate with suspected failures If you suspect there is damage to this product have it inspected by qualified service personnel ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual x General Safety Summary Safety Terms and Symbols Terms in this manual These terms may appear in this manual Icon Label Meaning WARNING Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in AN injury or loss of life CAUTION Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in N damage to this produce or other property Terms on the product These terms may appear on the product DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product Symbols on the Product The following symbols may appear on the product 7 en AN mu DANGER Protective Ground ATTENTION Double Insulated High Voltage Earth Terminal Refer to Manual Certifications and Compliances CSA Certified Power Cords CSA Certification includes the products and power cords appropriate for use in the North American power network All other power cords supplied are approved for the country of use
10. Far End Block Error FEBE Remote Failure Indication RFI A failure is a defect that persists beyond the maximum time allocated to the transmission system protection mechanisms When this situation occurs an RFI is sent to the far end and will initiate a protection switch if this function has been enabled Regenerator Device that restores a degraded digital signal for continued transmission also called a repeater rms Root Mean Square calculation often applied to power and noise measurements SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy The ITU defined international networking standard whose base transmission level is 155 Mbit s STM 1 SDH standards were first published in 1989 to address interworking between the ITU and ANSI transmission hierarchies SEC Synchronous Equipment Clock G 813 slave clock contained within a SDH network element Section The span between two SDH network elements capable of accessing generating and processing only SDH Section overhead ST2400A Programmer Manual SDH Glossary Section Overhead Nine columns of overhead accessed generated and processed by section terminating equipment This overhead supports functions such as framing the signal and performance monitoring Section Terminating Equipment STE Equipment that terminates the SDH Section layer STE interprets and modifies or creates the Section Overhead SES Severely Errored Second measure of network performance Slip An overflow
11. Response TEKTRONIX MWL ST2400A 0 v vv Note v vv will be replaced by the software version number 2 12 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET Irn Learn Query List the ST2400A current setup except for RS 232C port information Example lrn Response AUTO VOL 0 PRINT PORT PARALLEL VIEW ANGLE 1 Note The response is a series of commands headers and parameters separated by semicolons They can be stored in the controller and used to restore the same setup later opc Operation Complete Query Returns the ASCII character 1 when all previous commands and queries have been completed Example opc Response OPC I Note Used to determine when a group of commands have been completed rst Reset Returns the ST2400A to its factory default settings and initiates the Operation Complete Idle State and Operation Complete Query Idle State Example rst Response NONE Note This command does NOT change the setup of the RS232C or GPIB ports alter calibration data alter the SESR Standard Event Status Register alter the ESER Event Status Enable Register change power on status clear flag setting alter stored word patterns sre n Service Request Enable Sets the content of the Service Request Enable Register SRER to value n Example Zare 51 Response NONE Note decimal 51 indicates the register is set to 00110011 binary Using the IEEE 488 2 GPIB standard register bits a
12. Response NONE Note The transmitter wavelength can be switched to either 1310nm or 1550nm ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 29 Remote Commands SDH SONET Receiver Remote Commands If a GPIB command is entered but the appropriate hardware for that command is not present in the ST2400A test set the command will not execute Certain commands are invalid in Transmitter only or Receiver only configurations rx 2488 in opt elec Set the Receiver Input state to Optical OPT or Electrical ELEC Example rx_2488_in opt rx_2488 in Query the OPT ELEC state of the Receiver 2 488 Gb s input Example rx_2488_in Response OPT rx_apd_info Queries the APD module if one is installed and print out a detailed description in the following format board_type rev_level options cal_date Example rx_apd_info Response 0X30 Al 1 03 02 98 rx_elec_io Queries the Receiver to determine the status of the electrical input rx_elec_io will query the status of the electrical input signal either OK or INVALID example return value INVALID rx_opt_alarm reset Reset the APD alarm circuitry Example rx_opt_alarm reset rx_opt_alarm Query the APD alarm status either OK or ALARM Example rx_opt_alarm Response ALARM 2 30 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual rx thresh Sets the Receiver Threshold offset Example IX thresh 50 rx thresh Queries the Receiver Threshold offset Example rx thresh
13. upon detection of certain defects on the incoming path STS Path Terminating Equipment STS PTE Equipment that terminates the SONET STS Path layer STS PTE interprets and modifies or creates the STS Path Overhead An NE that contains STS PTE will also contain LTE and STE STS 1 Synchronous Transport Signal Level 1 The basic SONET building block signal transmitted at 51 84 Mb s data rate STS n Synchronous Transport Signal Level n The signal obtained by multiplexing integer multiples N of STS 1 signals together T1X1 Subcommittee A committee within the ECSA that specifies SONET optical interface rates and formats VT Virtual Tributary A signal designed for transport and switching of sub STS 1 payloads VT Group A 9 row x 12 column structure 108 bytes that carries one or more VTs of the same size Seven VT groups can be fitted into one STS 1 payload VT Path Overhead VT POH Four evenly distributed Path Overhead bytes per VT SPE starting at the first byte of the VT SPE VT POH provides for communication between the point of creation of an VT SPE and its point of disassembly VT Path Remote Defect Indication RDI V A signal returned to the transmitting VT PTE upon detection of certain defects on the incoming path VT Path Remote Failure Indication RFI V A signal applicable only to a VT1 5 with the byte synchronous DS1 mapping that is returned to the transmitting VT PTE upon declaring certain failures
14. xii ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Preface Preface The ST2400A can be controlled remotely through the use of Remote Commands This manual describes how to use these commands to access information generated by or stored in the instrument How This Manual is Organized This manual is divided into three sections External Controllers and Printers Remote Commands and Appendices External Controllers and Printers explains how to connect external devices to the RS 232C GPIB and parallel ports This section also includes port setup procedures Remote Commands explains the general syntax of the ST2400A remote command language and defines all commands Appendices presents Glossary and Reference material for the SDH and the SONET telecommunications technologies Conventions This manual uses the following conventions The names of front panel controls and menus appear in all upper case letter for example TRANSMIT and HELP Names appear in the same case in this manual as they appear on the display of the ST2400A for example Test Duration and USER DEFINED Within a procedure a specific button to be pressed or a parameter to be selected appears in boldface print Related Manuals The following documents are available for the ST2400A SDH SONET Test Set ST2400A SDH User Manual Tektronix part number 071 0241 00 is the primary source of information on how the ST2400A SDH Test Set functions ST2400A SONET User Manual T
15. 0 to 9 Response NONE recall setup n Recall Setup Recalls the saved setup from location n Example recall setup n n a decimal number from 0 to 9 Response NONE 2 20 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET stored Stored Setup Query Returns the currently stored setup locations saved in memory Example stored Response STORED 0 1 2 Note Stored locations are numbered from 0 to 9 in decimal time Internal Time Clock Query Returns the time from the ST2400A internal time of day clock Example time Response TIME 15 30 45 Note Uses 24 hours format HH MM SS Hours Minutes Seconds time hh mm ss Internal Time Clock Set Sets the internally stored time of day clock Example time 15 30 45 Response NONE Note Uses 24 hours format HH MM SS Hours Minutes Seconds tse Test Status Enable Register Set Sets the content of the TSER Test Status Enable Register to a decimal number from 0 to 255 Example tse 255 Response NONE Note decimal 255 indicates the register is set to 11111111 binary tse Test Status Enable Register Query Returns the content of the TSER Test Status Event Register Example tse Response TSE n n a decimal number between 0 and 255 Note decimal 255 indicates the register is set to 11111111 binary tsr Test Status Register Query Returns the content of the TSR Test Status Register Example tsr Response TSR n n a decimal number be
16. Block Count Returns the number of path remote error indications counted in the receiver signal Example path rei eb Response Path REI EB c c counted seconds in decimal Note MS REI error blocks include the total count conforms to ITU G 826 ise eb TSE Errored Block Count Returns the number of TSE error indications counted in the receiver signal Example tse eb Response Ise EB c c counted seconds in decimal Note MS REI error blocks include the total count conforms to ITU G 826 2 38 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 bbe B1 Background Block Error Count Returns the number of bl errored blocks counted that occurred outside the SES Example bl bbe Response Bl BBE c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see bl ses b2 bbe B2 Background Block Error Count Returns the number of b2 errored blocks counted that occurred outside the SES Example bi bbe b2 background block errors Response B2 BBE c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see b2 ses b3 bbe B3 Background Block Error Count Returns the number of b3 errored blocks counted that occurred outside the SES Example p3 bbe b2 background block errors Response B3 BBE c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see b3 ses path rei bbe Path REI Background Block Error Count Returns the number of path REI errored blocks counted tha
17. Error Wait Sets the off time for the recurring error injection period from 1 0 to 30 0 seconds Example re inject n m Response NONE re wait Repeat Error Wait Query Returns the off time for the recurring error injection period cycle Example re wait Response RE WAIT n m n m seconds in decimal from 1 0 to 30 0 re enable on off Repeat Error Enable Set Controls the repeat error cycle using preset conditions Arguments on activates the repeat error cycle off halts the current repeat error cycle Example re enable on Response NONE Note Before using this command the preset conditions can be review using the Repeat Error Query commands re type re inject and re wait re enable Repeat Error Enable Query Returns the status of the Repeat Error Enable Set Command Example re enable Response RE ENABLE ON Note The Repeat Error Enable Set Command can be either ON or OFF ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 85 Remote Commands SDH SONET Alarms alm clear Alarm Clear Turns off all alarm conditions in progress and disables all continuous alarm conditions Example alm clear Response NONE Note This command has the same function as the alm enable off command alm enable burst multi timed off Alarm Enable Executes or stops the execution of the alarm conditions that were configured by other commands Arguments burst generates one single alarm event set by the alm count command mul
18. Seconds Set Ree RE er e o EE lee ed 88 alm secs Alarm Seconds Query Lais eerte ere E PORC GU en NIEVE He C e ED TEE EE URS 89 REPEAT ALARMS eier tege nb ea Fai VERTS dE CGU r M SA Cu Ma CE Cu DN VR x sa dv ue ra type los oof rdi I ais Repeat Alarm Select ra type Repeat Alarm Select Ouer ra inject nm Repeat Alarm Inject Set eed emet eet ei Pe tt e Pte ORE Hine don ra inject Repeat Alarm Inject Query actin trt eo OR ERR E Tee e ER e Hehe a ae aee Del ap ree a ra wait n m Repeat Alarm Wait Set sosonososvononosrvrnenesesenenesesenenesesenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenenerenensnenenenes ra wait Repeat Alarm Wait Query rsososososrnonasvsrnenasrsrnenesesenenesesenenesesenenenesenenanesenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenenerenenenenenene ra enable onloff Repeat Alarm Enable Set MT E iens ra enable Repeat Alarm Enable Query ENEE LOSS OF SIGNAL BEE 92 los enab Loss OF Signal Enable eerte eren EN Ege sauguncevouastteossavnvesevassuevedsstvonsu ectee 92 los time n Eoss Of Signal Time oet ERRARE M Er NUR NR ERR S n BERE RR Rete tot 92 los time Loss Of Signal Time Query ENEE 92 l s secs nom OSS ORS Tera Set ee los secs Loss Of Signal Query seid los tm enab Loss Of Signal Enable los off Loss Of Signal Disable los cont eee eren Jos active ccn RERO SS EAE T E EE A A AVEN A A E a 93 COMBINED DUAL MODE COMMANDS rnar
19. TSE severely errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example tse ases Response tse ASES c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 51 Remote Commands SDH SONET SDH Error Status hp b3 Query High Path B3 error condition SDH Example hp b3 Response hp rei Query High Path REI error condition SDH Example hp rei Response tse stat Query TSE condition SDH Example tse stat Response SONET Error Status path b3 Query Path B3 error condition SONET Example path b3 Response path rei Query Path REI error condition SONET Example path rei Response pyld bit Query Payload Bit error condition SONET Example pyld bit Response ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual LED Status Query Commands led stat LED Status Query Remote Commands SDH SONET Returns the current state of all front panel status indicators LEDs Example Response Note Command led_sum led_stat LED_STAT CLEAR The LED status indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that all of the LED status indicators are off and have been off for the total duration of the current test cycle CUR current indicates that one or more LED indicators are on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history is only available if querying specific errors See
20. The RFI V signal was previously known as the VT Path Yellow signal ST2400A Programmer Manual H 9 SONET Glossary VT Path Terminating Equipment VT PTE Equipment that terminates the SONET VT Path layer VT PTE interprets and modifies or creates the VT Path Overhead An NE that contains VT PTE will also contain STS PTE LTE and STE Wander Long term variations in a waveform Wideband Services requiring 1 5 50 Mb s transport capacity Yellow Signal See Remote Alarm Indication REI and VT Path Remote Failure Indication RFI V SONET Reference Materials H 10 Bellcore GR 253 CORE SONET Transport Systems Common Generic Criteria Consult this document for an up to date listing of Generic Requirements GR Technical References TR Technical Advisories TA Special Reports SR EIA TIA Documents American National Standards Institute ANSI documents ITU T and CCITT Recommendations ISO documents IEEE documents ST2400A Programmer Manual
21. Time 9 days 23 hours 59 minutes 59 seconds test time Test State Query Returns a character string indicating the current test time settings Example test time Response TEST TIME 0 02 00 00 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 25 Remote Commands SDH SONET test state run stop Test State Set Sets the test state to either run or stop Argument run clears all counters clears the history and starts the test S cycle off stops the test cycle Example test state run Response NONE Note See pause state command test state Test State Query Returns the current status of the test cycle Example test state Response TEST STATE ON Note The test cycle can be either on running or off pause state pause resume Pause State Set Sets the test state to either pause or resume Argument pause interrupts the test cycle S resume restarts the test cycle Example pause state pause Response NONE Note See test state command pause state Pause State Query Returns the current status of the test cycle Example pause state Response PAUSE STATE PAUSE Note The test cycle state can be paused interrupted or resume running 2 26 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET System Configuration m mode Measurement Mode Query Returns a character string indicating the currently active measurement mode Example m mode Response M MODE SDH Note The curr
22. VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE TEKTRONIX RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual lii iv ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual How to Reach Customer Service If you have any questions regarding the operation maintenance repair or application of your Tektronix equipment contact your local sales and service office For a complete list of the Worldwide Sales and Service Offices contact 800 426 2200 Tektronix provides high quality Technical Support on applications operation measurement specifications hardware and software by expert application engineers For Applications Support call the Customer Support Center listed below Mailing Address Customer and Sales Support Center Direct Fax E Mail Web Site Tektronix Inc Attn Customer Service Measurement Business Division P O Box 500 Beaverton Oregon 97077 0001 USA 800 TEK WIDE Hours are 6 00 AM to 5 00 PM or Pacific Time 800 835 9433 Ext 2400 After hours Voice Mail is available 503 627 2400 503 627 5695 tm_app_supp tek com http ww
23. agreement reached specified a basic transmission rate of 52 Mb s for SONET and a basic rate of 155 Mb s for SDH Synchronous and Non synchronous line rates and the relationships between each are shown in the two tables that follow Table D 1 SONET SDH Hierarchies SONET Bit Rate SDH SONET Capacity SDH Capacit STS 1 OC 1 51 840 Mb s STM 0 28 DS1s or 1 DS3 21 Ets 3 DS3s 12 DS3s 48 DS3s 16 E4s 192 DS3s 64 E4s It must be noted that although an SDH STM 1 has the same bit rate as the SONET STS 3 the two signals contain different frame structures STM Synchronous Transport Module ITU STS Synchronous Transfer Signal ANSI OC Optical Carrier ANSI ST2400A Programmer Manual D 1 SDH for Reference Table D 2 Non Synchronous Hierarchies ANSI Hate ITU Rate Digital Bit Channels Digital Bit Channels Rate Rate DSO 64 kbps 2 048 Mb s 8 45 Mb s 34 Mb s not defined 144 Mb s Convergence of SONET and SDH Hierarchies SONET and SDH converge at SONET s 52 Mb s base level defined as STM 0 or Synchronous Transport Module 0 The base level for SONET is STS 1 or OC 1 Thus SDH s STM 1 is equivalent to SONET s STS 3 3 x 51 84 Mb s 155 5 Mb s Higher SDH rates of STM 4 622 Mb s STM 16 2 5 Gbps and STM 64 10 Gbps have also been defined Multiplexing is accomplished by combining or interleaving multiple lower order signals 1 5 Mb s 2 Mb s etc into higher speed circuits 52 Mb s 155 Mb
24. capacity Network Element NE In SDH the five basic network elements are add drop multiplexer broadband digital cross connect wideband digital cross connect flexible multiplexer and regenerator Any device which is part of a SDH transmission path and serves one or more of the section line and path terminating functions OAM Operations Administration and Maintenance Also called OAM amp P OAM amp P Operations Administration Maintenance and Provisioning Provides the facilities and personnel required to manage a network Orderwire A dedicated voice channel used by installers to expedite the provisioning of lines OOF An acronym for Out of Frame OS Operations System Sophisticated applications software that manages operation of the entire network OSI Seven layer Model A standard architecture for data communications Layers define hardware and software required for multi vendor information processing equipment to be mutually compatible The seven layers from lowest to highest are physical link network transport session presentation and application Output Jitter A compliance test the measures the output jitter of a network or network element ST2400A Programmer Manual SDH Glossary Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic signals Orderwire for example would be considered overhead information Packet Switching An efficient method for breaking do
25. during the current test cycle ms b2 Multiplexer Section B2 Query Request the current state of the line B2 byte indicator LED Example ms bi Response MS b2 CLEAR Note The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the B2 LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the B2 indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the B2 LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET ms ais Multiplexer Section Alarm Indicator Signal Query Request the current state of the Alarm Indicator Signal LED Example ms ais Response MS AIS CLEAR Note The section AIS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the AIS LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the AIS indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the AIS LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle ms rdi Multiplexer Section Remote Defect Indication Query Cmd Request the current state of the Multiplexer Section Remote Defect Degrade Indication alarm LED Example ms rdi Response MS RDI CLEAR Note The section R
26. error rate measured in the received signal Example path rei ber Response PATH REI BER NR3 n Note NR3 is the is the error identification and n the current rate The rate is returned as a negative exponent such as 1 00e 6 2 34 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET 1 00e 6 indicates I errored bit in each one million bits pb ber Pattern Bit Bit Error Rate Query SONET Returns the number of Pattern Bit violation bit error rate measured in the received signal Example pb ber Response PB BER NR3 n Note NR3 is the is the error identification and n the current rate The rate is returned as a negative exponent such as 1 00e 6 1 00e 6 indicates 1 errored bit in each one million bits tse_ber TSE Bit Error Rate Query SDH Returns the number of TSE bit error rate measured in the received signal Example tse ber Response Tse BER NR3 n Note NR3 is the is the error identification and n the current rate The rate is returned as a negative exponent such as 1 00e 6 1 00e 6 indicates 1 errored bit in each one million bits ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 35 Remote Commands SDH SONET RS B1 MS B2 and MS REI Error Data Query Commands G 826 and M 2101 Measurements in SDH Mode In SDH mode the following measurements are calculated for each of the B1 B2 and MS REI error types TOT Total Errors Total number of errors detected since testing was started or restarted BER Bit E
27. errors increase user payload especially data must be re transmitted The end effect is creation of more non revenue traffic in the network Bit Error Rate BER The number of coding violations detected in a unit of time usually one second Bit Error rate BER is calculated with this formula BER errored bits received total bits sent Block Error rate BLER One of the underlying concepts of error performance is the notion of Errored Blocks for examples blocks in which one or more bits are in error A block is a set of consecutive bits associated with the path or section monitored by means of an Error Detection Code EDC such as Bit Interleaved Parity BIP Block Error rate BLER is calculated with this formula BLER errored blocks received total block sent Bit Interleaved Parity BIP A parity check that groups all the bits in a block into units such as byte then performs a parity check for each bit position in a group Bit Stuffing In asynchronous systems a technique used to synchronize asynchronous signals to a common rate before multiplexing Bit synchronous A way of mapping payload into virtual tributaries that synchronizes all inputs into the VTs but does not capture any framing information or allow access to subrate channels carried in each input For example bit synchronous mapping of a channeled DS1 into a VT1 5 does not provide access to the DSO channels carried by the DS1 Bits per second b
28. in discrete steps Electrical signals are coded as voltages optical signals are coded as pulses of light DSX 1 May refer to either a cross connect for DS1 rate signals or the signals cross connected at an DSX 1 DSX 3 May refer to either a cross connect for DS3 rate signals or the signals cross connected at an DSX 1 ST2400A Programmer Manual SONET Glossary ECSA Exchange Carrier Standards Association An organization that specifies telecommunications standards for ANSI Envelope capacity The number of bytes the payload envelope of a single frame can carry The SONET STS payload envelope is the 783 bytes of the STS 1 frame available to carry a signal Each virtual tributary has an envelope capacity defined as the number of bytes in the virtual tributary less the bytes used by VT overhead Failure A termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function A failure is cause by the persistence of a defect FEBE Far End Block Error A message sent back upstream that receiving network element is detecting errors usually a coding violation See Remote Error Indication REI FERF Far End Receive Failure A signal to indicate to the transmit site that a failure has occurred at the receive site Fixed Stuff A bit or byte whose function is reserved Fixed stuff locations sometimes called reserved locations do not carry overhead or payload Floating mode A virtual tributary mode that allows the VT s
29. in the receive buffer until a line terminator CR LF LF CR or CR LF is received at which point the command is executed Before a line terminator is received the backspace key is used to erase the last right most character in the receive buffer You may use EVEN or ODD parity to perform byte by byte error detection ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 1 3 External Controllers and Printers Command Format Except for terminator characters the same commands are used on the GPIB port Error Messages The ST2400A verifies all commands received on the RS 232C port to make sure that they contain the appropriate mnemonics and parameters All valid commands will be executed The ST2400A will issue an error message and discards the command when the mnemonic is invalid or an associated parameter is out of range Error messages are listed below RS 232C Port Error Messages ERROR MESSAGE MEANNG more lost or corrupted characters terminator Found Interface RS 232C interface Command mnemonic found but it has a missing or added at the end characters were found trailing the command command the command command Parameter Separator An expected semicolon between two parameters is missing or a command line is terminated immediately after a semicolon Invalid Non decimal Parameter is not in a valid non decimal format or the Parameter value of the parameter is out of the range 0 to 255 decimal
30. in which one or more errors are detected but may count the total number of errors detected per frame see G 826 C 1 5 The ST 2400 and ST 2400A count EBs as the total number of errors detected BBE Background Block Errors The number of errored blocks not occurring during SES or Unavailable time BBER Background Block Error Ratio The ratio of Background Block Errors BBE to total blocks in available time since testing was started or restarted The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs ESR Errored Second Ratio The ratio of Errored Seconds ES to total seconds in available time since testing was started or restarted SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio The ratio of Severely Errored Seconds SES to total seconds in available time since testing was started or restarted AEB Available Errored Blocks Number of Errored Blocks EB counted during available time ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET ABBE Available Background Block Errors Number of Background Block Errors BBE counted during available time AES Available Errored Seconds Number of Errored Seconds ES counted during available time ASES Available Severely Errored Seconds Number of Severely Errored Seconds SES counted during available time UAS Unavailable Seconds The number of seconds during which error performance was such that the received signal was deemed to be unavailable see definition of availabl
31. information is organized into fixed length cells with each cell consisting of an identification header field and an information field The transfer mode is asynchronous in the sense that the use of the cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate Attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss usually expressed in decibels AU 4 Virtual Container VC plus the Transport Overhead pointers AU N Administrative Unit N a discrete unit of the SDH payload carrying one or more VC N Automatic Protection Switching APS The ability of a network element to detect a failed working line and switch the service to a spare protection line 1 1 APS pairs a protection line with each working line 1 N APS provides one protection line for every N working lines Backhauling Cumbersome traffic management technique used to reduce the expense of multiplexing demultiplexing ST2400A Programmer Manual SDH Glossary Bandwidth Information carrying capacity of a communication channel Analog bandwidth is the range of signal frequencies that can be transmitted by a communication channel or network Bidirectional Operating in both directions Bi directional APS allows protection switching to be initiated by either end of the line Binary N Zero Suppression BNZS Line coding system that replaces N number of zeros with a special code to maintain pulse density required for clock recovery N is typically 3 6 or 8 BIP 8 Bit
32. item to perform a required function A failure is caused by the persistence of a defect FEBE Far End Block Error See Remote Error Indication RED FERF Far End Receive Failure See Remote Defect Indication RDI FIFO First In First Out a type of data buffer Fixed Stuff A bit or byte whose function is reserved Fixed stuff locations sometimes called reserved locations do not carry overhead or payload Floating mode A virtual tributary mode that allows the VC synchronous payload envelope to begin anywhere in the VC Pointers identify the starting location of the LO VC LO VCs in different multiframes may begin at different locations Framing Method of distinguishing digital channels that have been multiplexed together Frequency The number of cycles of periodic activity that occur in a discrete amount of time Frequency Drift Rate The rate of change of a line or clock frequency measured in ppm sec A new measure of tining quality Fullband A jitter filter range that includes the wideband range but extends the low frequency cutoff to 10 Hz or below This filter is useful when analyzing video timing quality ST2400A Programmer Manual G5 SDH Glossary G 6 Grooming Consolidating or segregating traffic for efficiency HDB3 High Density Bipolar 3 A bipolar coding method that does not allow more than three consecutive zeros Highband A jitter filter range that measures high frequency jitter The band pass f
33. nominal value of a line or clock period and the actual received period ST2400A Programmer Manual G 11 SDH Glossary Tributary The lower rate signal that is input to a multiplexer for combination multiplexing with other low rate signals to form a higher rate signal Tributary Unit TU A Tributary Unit is an information structure which provides adaptation between the lower order path layer and the higher order path layer It contains the Virtual Container VC plus a tributary unit pointer Tributary Unit Group TUG Contains several Tributary Units UI Unit Interval a measure of jitter Ulpp Unit Interval Peak to Peak a common measure of jitter Ulrms Unit Interval rms a measure of jitter in line systems Virtual Container VC A signal designed for transport and switching of sub SDH payloads Wander The long term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal from their ideal position in time where long term implies that these variations are of frequency less than 10 Hz Wideband A jitter filter range that measures jitter over a wide range The band pass filters are defined in ITU T standards where they are sometimes referred to as HP1 LP1 Yellow Signal See Remote Alarm Indication RAJ SDH Standards for ITU T G12 G 701 Vocabulary of digital transmission and multiplexing and PCM terms G 702 Digital Hierarchy bit rates G 703 Physical electrical characteristics of hierarchical di
34. s etc By changing the SONET standard from bit interleaving to byte interleaving it became possible for SDH to accommodate both transmission hierarchies This modification allows an STM 1 signal to carry multiple 1 5 Mb s or 2 Mb s signals and multiple STM signals to be aggregated to carry higher orders of SONET or SDH tributaries Asynchronous and Synchronous Tributaries SDH does away with a number of the lower multiplexing levels allowing non synchronous 2 Mb s tributaries to be multiplexed to the STM 1 level in a single step SDH recommendations define methods of subdividing the payload area of an STM 1 frame in various ways so that it can carry combinations of synchronous and asynchronous tributaries Using this method synchronous transmission systems can accommodate signals generated by equipment operating from various levels of the non synchronous hierarchy D 2 ST2400A Programmer Manual SONET for Reference Transmission standards in the U S Canada Korea Taiwan and Hong Kong ANSD and the rest of the world ITU T evolved from different basic rate signals in the non synchronous hierarchy ANSI Time Division Multiplexing TDM combines twenty four 64 kbit s channels DSO into one 1 544 Mbit s DS I signal ITU TDM multiplexes thirty 64 kbit s channels E0 into one 2 048 Mbit s E1 signal an extra two channels provide frame alignment and signaling making thirty two 32 total An important issue for the ITU T to resol
35. selected into all 4 channels in the 2 4 Gb s transmitter output signal Example tx trib mode single Response NONE Notes This command is used with the tx trib chan command The receiver setup is independent of the transmitter setup ix trib chann TX Channel Set Selects the channel that will be used as the tributary to be multiplexed with the 2 4 Gb s signal Arguments n from to 4 if the drop rate is set to 622 Mb s n from I to 16 if the drop rate is set to 155 Mb s Example tx trib chan n Response NONE Notes This command is external drop rate dependent as set by the tx input command When executed this command will generate an ERROR response if the input is not set to one of the external modes see the tx input command The receiver setup is independent of the transmitter setup 2 74 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET Single error insertion commands tx allchan b2 Inject a single B2 error rate over payload channels simultaneously Example tx allchan b2 Note Not available for B3 boards Option 42 tx serr b1 b2 b3 pyld bit chan b2 rem rei tse Injects a single error of the specified type Arguments bl inverts a single bit in the bl byte to generate a parity error b2 inverts a single bit in the b2 byte to generate a parity error b2 generates a single B2 error on a single channel b3 generates a single B3 error on a single channel pyld bit generate a pattern b
36. sets this pin high pin high internally with 27 kohms to 12V Signal Ground Data Set Ready This input is ignored 1 2 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual External Controllers and Printers all other pins Cables Use a straight through modem cable when connecting the ST2400A to a DTE data terminal equipment device or a null modem cable when connecting to another DCE device Quick Test RS 232C Port You can perform a quick test of the ST2400A RS 232C port using a terminal or a PC running terminal emulation software as follows 1 Verify that the ST2400A echo mode is on Power off the ST2400A 1 Attach the appropriate 9 pin cable from the RS 232C port to the terminal Terminals and controller should be configured as a DTE and therefore use straight through modem cable 2 Power on the ST2400A and verify that the following prompt appears on the terminal s display ST2400A gt If the above prompt does not appear then one or more of the following problems may exist 1 The cable may be defective 2 The cable could be the wrong cable type Use a straight through modem cable if the terminal is configured as a DTE or a null modem cable if the terminal is DCE configured 3 The RS 232C port setup baud rate data bits parity etc may not be compatible with that of the terminal both setups should be the same Protocol The ST2400A RS 232C port operates in a terminal mode Received characters are stored
37. signal Example b3 uas Response B3 UAS c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 827 path rei uas Path REI Unavailable Seconds Query Returns the number of Path REI unavailable seconds counted in the received signal Example path rei uas Response Path REI UAS c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 827 TSE uas TSE Unavailable Seconds Query Returns the number of TSE unavailable seconds counted in the received signal Example ee uas Response tse UAS c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 827 2 46 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 ur B1 Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of STM n section BIP 8 code violation errored seconds counted in the received signal Example bl ur Response Bl UR e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 827 b2 ur B2 Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of STM n line BIP 24 code violation errored seconds counted in the received signal Example b2 ur Response B2 UR e e 2 expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 827 b3 ur B3 Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of B3 errored seconds counted in the received signal Example b3 ur Response B3 UR e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 827 path rei ur Path REI Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query Returns th
38. sts3c Set mapping to STS3C SONET only any ST2400 with new TX tx mapping sts12c Set mapping to STS12C SONET only with OC12 48c hardware tx mapping sts48c Set mapping to STS48C SONET only with OC12 48c hardware tx mapping vc4 Set mapping to VC4 SDH only any ST2400 with new TX tx mapping vc4 4c Set mapping to VC4 4C SDH only with OC12 48c hardware tx mapping vc4 16c Set mapping to VC4 16c SDH only with OC12 48c hardware Example tx mapping vc4 4c ix mapping Queries the current setting structured payload mapping Example tx mapping Response TX MAPPING VC4 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 71 Remote Commands SDH SONET tx sync los Queries the tx ext sync Loss of Signal condition Example tx sync los I Return values OK 1544 LOS 2048 LOS tx test patt pn23 pn23inv allzeros fixedz 7F pn31 pn3tinv Queries the current setting sets payload pattern choice Argument tx test patt pn23 Set mode to PN23 tx test patt pn23inv Set mode to PN23 Inverted O 181 tx test patt allzeros Set mode to ALL ZEROS tx test patt fixed 7F Will set pattern to entered hexidecimal value Note tx test patt fixed 00 is equivalent to tx test patt allzeros tx test patt pn31 Set mode to PN31 tx test Datt pn3 linv Set mode to PN31 Inverted Example tx test patt pn23 ix test patt Queries the current setting payload pattern choice Example tx test patt Response TX TEST PATT PN23 2 72 ST2400A Test Set Programme
39. the transmitter laser is enabled OFF indicates that the transmitter laser is disabled The Transmitter setup is independent of the Receiver setup Note tx_laser_pow and tx_laser are equivalent commands tx_laser is recommended for the ST2400A test set 2 70 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET tx laser type laser Queries the selected laser if the selected laser is installed and displays the selected laser s type in a plain text format based on SONET or SDH mode whichever is selected The type formats are listed in the following table Example tx laser type I Return Value L 16 2 The types displayed for each of the laser modules are as follows Laser Module SONET Std SONET Type SDHStd SDH Type 1310nm DM GR 253 G 957 L 16 1 1550nm DM GR 253 G 957 L 16 2 tx_laser_wl laser Queries the selected laser if the selected laser is installed and displays the selected laser s wavelength in either precise or non precise format based on customer ordered options Example tx_laser_wl 1 Return Value 1550 12 precise 1550 non precise Note tx_wavelen and laser_wl are equivalent commands laser wl is recommended for the ST2400A test set tx_mapping sts1 sts3c vc4 sts12c sts48c vc4 4c vc4 16c Sets structured payload mapping Argument tx mapping Query current setting Any mode tx mapping sts Set mapping to STS1 SONET only any ST2400 with new TX tx mapping
40. timed by separate clock sources with almost the same timing Pointer A part of the SONET overhead that locates a floating payload structure STS pointers locate the SPE VT Pointers locate floating mode virtual tributaries All SONET frames use STS pointers only floating mode virtual tributaries use VT pointers Poll An individual control message from a central controller to an individual station on a multipoint network inviting that station to send POP Point of Presence A point in the network where inter exchange carrier facilities like DS3 or OC n meet with access facilities managed by telephone companies or other service providers ST2400A Programmer Manual H 7 SONET Glossary H 8 Remote Alarm Indication RAI A code sent upstream in a DSn network as a notification that a failure condition has been declared downstream RAI signals were previously referred to as Yellow signals Remote Defect Indication RDI A signal returned to the transmitting Terminating Equipment upon detecting a Loss of Signal Loss of Frame or AIS defect RDI was previously known as FERF Remote Error Indication RED An indication returned to a transmitting node source that an errored block has been detected at the receiving node sink This indication was formerly known as Far End Block Error FEBE Remote Failure Indication RFD A failure is a defect that persists beyond the maximum time allocated to the transmission system protec
41. trace to the comma separated hexadecimal values passed in the values must be sent in four different 16 byte segments any extra values will be truncated The user must specify which segment is being passed on the command line Each segment should be passed in order i e first second third and fourth If more than 16 characters are provided on the fourth segment the extra will be truncated The lt CR gt and lt LF gt characters will be automatically appended to the end ONLY IF LESS THAN 63 CHARACTERS TOTAL WERE ENTERED in positions 63 and 64 respectively of the 64byte trace ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 65 Remote Commands SDH SONET Automatic Protection Switching APS Data rx aps byte Receiver APS Bytes Query Return the current value of the APS Automatic Protection Switching bytes K1 and K2 Example rx aps byte Response RX APS BYTE HFF H55 Note The codes HFF and 4H55 are the hexadecimal numeric value of the K1 and K2 bytes respectively Receiver Drop Commands rx drop off 155 622 Receiver Drop Rate Set Sets the optical drop rate Arguments off set the optical drop to off and enables the 155 Mb s drop 155 sets the optical drop to 155 Mb s and enables the 155 Mb s drop 622 sets the optical drop to 622 Mb s and disables all drop Example rx drop 155 Response NONE Note The receiver setup is independent of the transmitter setup rx drop Receiver Drop Rate Query Returns the va
42. will get the 64byte hexadecimal trace which will be comma separated example return value 54 65 6B 20 0D 0A JO J1 Trace Capture amp Display RX Users are able to set query captured trace messages through either GPIB or RS 232 remote commands Users are able to request ASCII trace contents assumes valid trace containing only printable ASCII chars nulls and CR lt LF gt and skips frame start marker in 16 byte mode or request 16 byte or 64 byte trace contents in hex In 16 byte mode the CRC is displayed at the end of the trace in a CRC hex value format ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 63 Remote Commands SDH SONET 2 64 Command Result j1 get trace type will get the JO or J1 multi byte trace based on the type selected j1 get 16byte will get the 16byte ASCII trace and append the CRC to the end of the string example return value abcdefghijklmno CRC AF j1 get 16byte hex will get the 64byte ASCII trace no lt CR gt or lt LF gt or lt NULL gt characters will be displayed example return value Tek ST2400A j1 get 64byte hex will get the 64byte hexadecimal trace which will be comma separated example return value 54 65 6B 20 0D 0A JO Generation Remote Control Implementation Single byte JO trace generation is supported through existing overhead manipulation commands New 16 byte and 64 byte JO trace generation requirements are supported with the following command paramet
43. 80 ASCII characters both upper and lower case Multiple commands use a semicolon as a delimiter as follows Prompt gt header on sts_oof sect_los sect_lof b1_ber Arguments Commands may include one or more arguments parameters following the header The first argument following the header must be separated from the header by one or more blank characters spaces Subsequent arguments must be separated from previous parameters using commas Blank Characters Spaces One or more spaces are required between the command header and first parameter if any Otherwise spaces are ignored and may be used on a command line between headers parameters or required separators for readability Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges If the instrument receives a set command with an argument that is outside the legal range for that argument then the instrument will set the indicated parameter to its maximum or minimum legal value depending on which is closer to the received value Command Line Terminator Command lines must be terminated as follows e RS 232 Interface Command lines issued to the instrument should be terminated by a simple carriage return CR Responses generated by the instrument will be terminated as specified in the RS 232 End of Line setup menu for carriage return and line feed functions CR LF CR LF or LF CR e GPIB Interface Command lines issued to the instrument can be terminated by either EOI End Or Identify or EOI L
44. BER PB COUNT PB BER HIST HIST HIST HIST HIST HIST HIST HIST HIST HIST 133384 7 7E 07 3105246 1 8E 05 133384 7 7E 07 133384 7 7E 07 REI FEBE COUNT 1750132 Path REI COUNT 1750132 2 53 Remote Commands SDH SONET path rei path rdi sect los Section Loss Signal Query SONET Request the current state of the LOS indicator Example sect los Response SECT LOS CLEAR Note The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the LOS LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the LOS indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the LOS LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle 2 54 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET sect_lof Section Loss Frame Query SONET Request the current state of the LOF indicator Example sect lof Response SECT LOF CLEAR Note The section LOF indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the LOF LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the LOF indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the LOF LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query duri
45. DI indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the RDI LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the RDI indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the RDI LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle ms rei Multiplexer Section Remote Error Indicator Query Request the current state of the Multiplexer Section Remote Error Indicator alarm LED Example ms rei Response MS REI CLEAR Note The section REI indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the REI LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the REI indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the REI LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 59 Remote Commands SDH SONET path ais Path AIS Alarm Status Query Path AIS alarm condition Example path ais Response Path ais path lop Path LOP Alarm Status Query Path LOP alarm condition Example path lop Response Path lop path rdi Path RDI Alarm Status Query Path RDI alarm condition Example path rdi Response Path rdi ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET
46. EE path rei aes Path REI Available Time Errored Seconds Query ENEE tse aes TSE Available Time Errored Seconds Query ENEE bl ases Bl Available Time Severely Errored Seconds b2 ases B2 Available Time Severely Errored Seconds b3 ases B3 Available Time Severely Errored Seconds path rei ases Path REI Available Time Severely Errored Seconds tse ases TSE Available Time Severely Errored Seconds sesenta SDH Eror EE hp b32 BK WE ele ee ELE 52 Paths bI c 52 PAU LOL anser mrs kratere vedaene usanne krater 52 pyd EDC ansat e NN ON eas 52 2 8 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET LED Status Query Command sessies stoeren esorta o oee i eE sS Eder iere 53 1 d st t EED Status Query ehe aa aE e ae ER E UR RR EE dt Ie e e ete verte tta 53 IT sunn PET 53 sect los Section Loss Signal Query SONET sect lof Section Loss Frame Query SONET sts oof STSn Out Of Frame Query SONET Sect b12 Section BT Query SONT eere eet ne ASSEN linesb2 gt Line B2 Query SONET 9 3 28 itt ope o des Ree eerte ue Dee cutee ub e rene Ee deed line ais Line Alarm Indicator Signal Query GON line ferf Eine FERF Query SONET Io itii ee nr e E RD e e dente o teas line febe Line FEBE Query SONET rs los Regeneration Section Loss Signal Query rs lof Regeneration Section Loss Frame Query rs oof Regeneration Sec
47. F Responses generated by the instrument will be terminated as specified in the GPIB setup menu for End Or Identify and Line Feed functions EOI or EOI LF ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 3 Remote Commands SDH SONET 2 4 Command Examples The following is a brief example of an interactive remote session with the command that does the following ON ue LER Example interactive session Generates a random bit error rate of 1 x 10 6 Enables the Loss Of Signal LOS to occur for 135 micro seconds Sets the Line AIS Indication Signal to Burst and enables that Alarm output Sets the SPE Pointer set during the LOP test to burst with the Pointer value set to 522 parity_rate 6 parity_rate PARITY_RATE 6 error_rate on error_rate ERROR_RATE ON los_time 135e 06 los_enab alm burstl ais alm count 100 alm enab burst sets error generator rate 1 x10 6 queries error generator rate setup response turns error generator on queries state of error generator response sets LOS generator time to 135 us causes one LOS event configures alarm burst generator for AIS sets alarm burst length to 100 STS n frames generates one AIS alarm burst ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET Table Of Commands STANDARD COMMANDS Egeter cls Clear Status eate ea rei eU EN ese n Event Status Enable ete RO REED RR seder ese Event Status Enable
48. GBE BE HSE M3 BEI EE a H D ERE n D ES n D n D BEER D DE 00 D DE 00 0 08 00 EEE 0 OS DI DOE D D DR On SESE 0 00 0 0 040 0 0E 00 G 827 BS Bl gt MS B2 o NS RHI UA UR D JE D D0E 00 D 05 00 H 2101 RSR MS B2 o M5 BEI ER a Wl D BEE a D ES D n D SEG D J D Figure 1 1 Error Reports Available Example Screen Be sure that the ST2400A printer function is turned off before activating the VT100 emulator The printer and VT 100 cannot work simultaneously through the single ST2400A RS 232 port If a parallel printer is connected to the ST2400A parallel printer port then the printer and VT100 remote screen can function simultaneously ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 1 5 External Controllers and Printers Using the GPIB Port 1 6 The following section describes the GPIB port GPIB Address and Terminator Use the Auxiliary Setup menu shown in Chapter 3 Reference of the User Manual to set the GPIB address and message terminator They can be set as follows e Address from 0 to 31 Address 31 is off the bus e Message terminator is set to EOI or EOI LF GPIB Remote and Local Modes The GPIB controllers can be used to put the ST2400A into a remote mode disabling all front panel setup controls The REM LED left side corner of front panel will indicate whether the ST2400A is in the remote mode LED on or the normal local mode LED off Press the SETUP key to return
49. Interleaved Parity 8 A method of error checking in SDH which allows in service performance monitoring For example a BIP 8 creates eight bit one byte groups then does a parity check for each of the eight bit positions in the byte B ISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network A single ISDN network which can handle voice data and eventually video services Bit One binary digit a pulse of data Bit Error vs Block Error Error rate statistics play a key role in measuring the performance of a network As errors increase user payload especially data must be re transmitted or lost entirely Bit Error Rate BER The number of bit errors detected in a unit of time usually one second Bit Error rate BER is calculated with this formula BER errored bits received total bits sent Block Error Rate BLER One of the underlying concepts of error performance is the notion of Errored Blocks i e blocks in which one or more bits are in error A block is a set of consecutive bits associated with the path or section monitored by means of an Error Detection Code EDC such as Bit Interleaved Parity BIP Block Error rate BLER is calculated with this formula BLER errored blocks received total blocks sent Bit Interleaved Parity BIP A parity check that groups all the bits in a block into units such as byte then performs a parity check for each bit position in the group Bit Stuffing In asynchronous system
50. Manual 2 33 Remote Commands SDH SONET sts febe err FEBE Total Error Count SONET Returns the number of path Far End Block Errors counted in the received signal Example sts febe err Response STS FEBE ERR n n the total count in decimal b1 ber B1 Bit Error Rate Query Returns the number of STS n section BIP 8 code violation bit error rate measured in the received signal Example bl ber Response Bl BER NR3 n Note NR3 is the is the error identification and n the current rate The rate is returned as a negative exponent such as 1 00e 6 1 00e 6 indicates 1 errored bit in each one million bits b2 ber B2 Bit Error Rate Query Returns the number of STS n line BIP 8 code violation bit error rate measured in the received signal Example b2 ber Response B2 BER NR3 n Note NR3 is the is the error identification and n the current rate The rate is returned as a negative exponent such as 1 00e 6 1 00e 6 indicates 1 errored bit in each one million bits b3 ber B3 Bit Error Rate Query Returns the number of STS n line BIP 8 code violation bit error rate measured in the received signal Example b3 ber Response B3 BER NR3 n Note NR3 is the is the error identification and n the current rate The rate is returned as a negative exponent such as 1 00e 6 1 00e 6 indicates 1 errored bit in each one million bits path rei ber Path REI Bit Error Rate Query SDH amp SONET Returns the number of Path REI violation bit
51. Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET tx input 155 622 155e int thru Tx external input selection command Sets the source rate and configuration that will produce the final transmitter output Arguments 155 configures the transmitter output from the transmitter 155 Mb s external optical input 622 configures the transmitter output from the transmitter external 622 Mb s optical input 155e Set external trib channel to 155 electrical to match front panel label int configures the transmitter output from an internal generator thru configures the transmitter output from the receiver input Example tx_input 155 Response NONE Note The transmitter setup is independent of the receiver setup tx_input TX input query command Returns the status of the transmitter source rate and configuration Example tx_input Response TX_INPUT xxx Note The response can be 155 622 int or thru see tx_input command tx laser laser off on cw Set the laser to ON with modulation CW without modulation or OFF state of operation for the specified LASER module Argument tx laser l on Set laser module ON with modulation tx laser l off Set laser module OFF tx laser 1 cw Set laser module ON without modulation Example tx laser l on Note tx laseris an equivalent command tx laser is recommended for the ST2400A test unit Only use tx laser pow for backward compatibility with older ST2400 test units The CW choice is n
52. Programmer Manual ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set 071 0243 03 This document supports firmware version 5 0 and above Copyright O 1999 Tektronix Inc All rights reserved Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its suppliers and are protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 Gi of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 or subparagraphs c 1 and 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 as applicable Tektronix products are covered by U S and foreign patents issued and pending Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material Specifications and price change privileges reserved Tektronix Inc P O Box 1000 Wilsonville OR 97070 1000 TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix Inc LabView and LabWindows are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual WARRANTY Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three 3 years from the date of shipment If any such product proves defective during this warranty period Tektronix at its option either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor or will provide
53. RMINATOR gt lt PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT gt lt PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT SEPARATOR gt lt COMMAND MESSAGE UNIT gt lt QUERY MESSAGE UNIT gt lt COMMAND PROGRAM HEADER gt see note QUERY PROGRAM HEADER see note lt PROGRAM HEADER SEPARATOR gt lt PROGRAM DATA SEPARATOR gt lt PROGRAM DATA gt lt DECIMAL NUMERIC PROGRAM DATA gt lt CHARACTER PROGRAM DATA gt lt NON DECIMAL NUMERIC PROGRAM DATA gt NOTE The ST2400A cannot process a lt COMPOUND COMMAND PROGRAM HEADER gt or a COMPOUND QUERY PROGRAM HEADER gt ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual External Controllers and Printers 1 9 External Controllers and Printers 1 10 Specific Command Implementations Reset Command as defined in the IEEE 488 2 1987 standard the ST2400A reset command rst does the following e Resets all device settings to their default values except remote interface settings e Ignores macros macros are not implemented in the ST2400A e Forces the ST2400A into the Operation Complete Command Idle State OCIS and Operation Complete Query Idle State OQIS Overlapped and Sequential Commands All ST2400A commands are sequential Operation Complete Message ST2400A command operation is always immediate GPIB Status and Event Reporting System The ST2400A GPIB status and event reporting functions are compatible with the IEEE 488 2 1987 standard The status and event reporting system can be configur
54. Register Query EEN esr Event Status Register Query idn Identify sse Irn Learn Query opc Operation Complete Query rst 4I p re n Service Request buable ege er avden nee Ree Ce V Fi TOR e eae sr Service Request Enable Query ssc eee ee eite enge itte tectae tete dede stb Status Byte Query tst Self Test swal Maltese oye rr n iere audio vol n Audio Volume Set commande Audio yol Audio Volume QUety 4 rette tertie UE eter doesn ee reg ee recep derit ert ente edit setup n s Edit Setup Label Set Aik eee ERR tenter ertet eene ee Ree E edit setup n Edit Setup Label Query gpib address GPIB Address Query gpib address n GPIB Address Set gpib bus talk listen off bus GPIB Bus Mode Set HA eg gpib bus GPIB Bus Mode Query ee iot eter mete e PU e tete a te pie ede lita header on off Header mode commande header Header Mode Que ry eee ite ee rere ere T EI e IG e te re ta lee tere logo Logo Query commiand ii253 eee ne IR ete a tede ree E E epe e E P ede de ee tune options Options Query command print port parallel serial Print Port Select print port Print Port Ouer print string s Print String commande rs echo on off RS 232C Echo Control 3 ssc senec reor reste pen re e Ee Te YHP REESE tS echo RS 232 Echo Centre ua ete be cete tette ue e ane e ETE ke rane rs pmt If on I off RS 232C P
55. a replacement in exchange for the defective product In order to obtain service under this warranty Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix with shipping charges prepaid Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which Tektronix service center is located Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges duties taxes and any other charges for products returned to any other locations This warranty shall not apply to any defect failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under warranty a to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install repair or service the product b to repair damage resulting from improper user or connection to incompatible equipment or c to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THIS PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED TEKTRONIX AND ITS
56. a test is started 2 32 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET B1 B2 B3 Payload Bit Path REI FEBE TSE Error Data Query Commands b1_err B1 Total Error Count Returns the total number of B1 errors recorded during the test cycle Example bl err Response B1 ERR bl error data Note bl error data includes total count error rate X Y e Z errored seconds and severely errored seconds b2 err B2 Total Error Count Returns the total number of B2 errors recorded during the test cycle Example bi err Response B2 ERR b2 error data Note b2 error data includes total count error rate X Y e Z errored seconds and severely errored seconds b3 err B3 Total Error Count Returns the total number of B3 errors recorded during the test cycle Example b3 err Response B3 ERR b3 error data Note B3 error data includes total count error rate X Y e Z errored seconds and severely errored seconds path rei err Path REI Total Error Count SDH Returns the total number of Path REI errors recorded during the test cycle Example path rei err Response Path REI ERR pb err Pattern Bit Total Error Count SONET Returns the total number of Pattern Bit errors recorded during the test cycle Example pb err Response PB ERR tse err TSE Total Error Count SDH Returns the total number of TSE errors recorded during the test cycle Example tse err Response tse ERR ST2400A Test Set Programmer
57. ability of a network element to detect a failed working line and switch the service to a spare protection line 1 1 APS pairs the protection line with each working line 1 n APS provides one protection line for every n working lines Backhauling Cumbersome traffic management technique used to reduce expense of multiplexing demultiplexing Bandwidth Information carrying capacity of a communication channel Analog bandwidth is the range of signal frequencies that can be transmitted by a communication channel or network Bidirectional Operating in both directions Bidirectional APS allows protection switching to be initiated by either end of the line Binary N Zero Suppression BNZS Line coding system that replaces N number of zeros with a special code to maintain pulse density required for synchronization N is typically 3 6 or 8 BIP 8 Bit Interleaved Parity 8 A method of error checking in SONET which allows a full set of performance statistics to be generated For example a BIP 8 creates eight bit one byte groups then does a parity check for each of the eight bit positions in the byte BISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network A single ISDN network which can handle voice data and eventually video services ST2400A Programmer Manual SONET Glossary Bit One binary digit a pulse of data Bit Error vs Block Error Error rate statistics play a key role in measuring the performance of a network AS
58. ande ANNE 2 79 XLI ce RNC p ccc n rcr 2 85 PUTAVIT E Q 2 89 Losst SUSMAl ec CLE anekakger 2 91 Combined Dual Mode Commands esssvessvesenssvevenesesseneneseensnenenssnenenensenensnensensneneensnenensseenenenensenenesessssenensseen 2 93 viii ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual APPENDICES LabView OK pnl c SDH for Reference SONET for Reference susssereenenesesernenerernenenenereenenenesernenenesnenenenereenenenenenneneresenneneneneeveneneseeneneneseeneneneseeneneneneee SDH Glossary and ITU T Standards SONET GIOSSAEYy iier ee ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual A 1 B 1 D 1 E 1 G 1 H 1 Preface General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any equipment connected to it To avoid potential hazards use this product only as specified To avoid potential hazards use this product only as specified Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures While using this product you may need to access other parts of the system Read the General Safety Summary in other system manuals for warnings and cautions related to operating the system Injury Precautions ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Use Proper Power Cord To avoid fire hazard use only the power cord specified for this pro
59. atio Query m n bliu s BI Unavailable Seconds Query eessen begleed EES rede eire ee theta b2 uas B2 Unayailable Seconds Query eerte eterne te teen ee esee ee la sutuesevevsecussteacdusstualensvnonds b3 uas BS Unavailable Seconds Query s eere reete o tte ch levees irpo nnde nera Aide path rei uas Path REI Unavailable Seconds Query ENEE TSE uas TSE Unavailable Seconds Query bl ur B1 Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query b2 ur B2 Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query ve PE xs b3 ur B3 Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query EE path rei ur Path REI Unavailable Seconds Ratio Ouer TSE ur TSE Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query NENNEN bl aeb Bl Available Time Errored Block Count b2 aeb B2 Available Time Errored Block Count b3 aeb B3 Available Time Errored Block Count path rei aeb Path REI Available Time Errored Block Count E A tse aeb TSE Available Time Errored Block Count eee nnne nnne enne tne bl abbe B1 Available Time Background Block Borg ANEN b2 abbe B2 Available Time Background Block Errors ANEN b3 abbe B3 Available Time Background Block Errors ANEN path rei abbe Path REI Available Time Background Block Errors TSE abbe TSE Available Time Background Block Errors bl aes B1 Available Time Errored Seconds Query P nu b2 aes B2 Available Time Errored Seconds Query EEN b3 aes B3 Available Time Errored Seconds Query EN
60. atio Query Returns the number of B3 errored seconds counted in the received signal divided by the available time Example b3 esr Response B3 ES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 path rei esr Path REI Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of Path REI errored seconds counted in the received signal Example path rei esr Response Path REI ES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 tse esr TSE Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of TSE errored seconds counted in the received signal Example tse esr Response Tse ES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 2 44 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 sesr B1 Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of STM n section BIP 8 code violation severely errored seconds counted in the received signal divided by the available time Example bl ses Response Bl SES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 b2_sesr B2 Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of STM n line BIP 24 code violation severely errored seconds counted in the received signal divided by the available time Example b2 ses Response B2 SES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 b3 sesr B3 Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of B3 sev
61. c has been received that is not recognized or is invalid 4 EXE Execution Error Set to one when an error has occurred while the instrument was responding to a set command or query May indicate a parameter is out of range b command uses too many or too few parameters or command cannot be properly executed due to the instrument s current state 3 DDE Device Dependent Error Set to one if input data has been lost at the interface corrupted characters or the input buffer has overflowed because a command exceeded the 80 character limit without a terminator 2 QYE Query Error Set to one if a an attempt has been made to query the output queue when there are no messages available or pending b a command is received but the output queue is not empty or C an attempt has been made to query the output queue when an unterminated command is in the input queue RQC Request Control Not used OPC Operation Complete Set to one after a OPC command is received Event Status Enable Register The Event Status Enable Register ESER is the enable register associated with the SESR status register Each enable bit in the ESER occupies the same bit position as the corresponding status bit in the SESR 1 12 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual External Controllers and Printers Test Status Register The Test Status Register TSR is a status register that indicates errors alarms and end of test conditions The name of each b
62. cumentation In LabWindows Open the Function Tree Ctrl O From the Function Tree choose Options Generate Documentation This action will create a document labeled tks2400 doc This document describes each function in the instrument The functions are listed in alphabetical order with a description of the function C syntax of the function a description of each parameter and possible error codes B 2 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual SDH for Reference Following ANSI s development of the SONET standard the CCITT undertook to define a synchronization standard that would address interworking between the CCITT and ITU transmission hierarchies That effort culminated in 1989 with CCITT s publication of the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH standards Synchronous Digital Hierarchy is a world standard and as such SONET can be considered a subset of SDH Transmission standards in the U S Canada Korea Taiwan and Hong Kong ANS and the rest of the world ITU evolved from different basic rate signals in the non synchronous hierarchy Time Division Multiplexing TDM ANSI combines twenty four 64 kbps channels DSOs into one 1 54 Mb s DS1 signal ITU TDM multiplexes thirty two 64 kbps channels E0s into one 2 048 Mb s E 1 CEPT format signal The issues between ITU and CCITT standards makers involved how to efficiently accommodate both the 1 5 Mb s and the 2 Mb s non synchronous hierarchies in a single synchronization standard The
63. d Multiplex Sections ST2400A Programmer Manual G 13 SDH Glossary 0 150 General requirements for instrumentation for performance measurements on digital transmission equipment 0 181 Equipment to assess error performance on STM N interfaces F 750 ITU R Architectures and functional aspects of radio relay systems for SDH based networks G14 ST2400A Programmer Manual SONET Glossary and Standards Three sets of terms are arranged at the beginning of this section because it is important to see that they are not equivalent terms which is how they get used in normal discussions They are e Add Drop The process where a part of the information carried in a transmission system is demodulated dropped at an intermediate point and different information is entered added for subsequent transmission The remaining traffic passes straight through the multiplexer without additional processing e Map Demap A term for multiplexing implying more visibility inside the resultant multiplexed bit stream than available with conventional asynchronous techniques e Multiplex Demultiplex Multiplex MUX To transmit two or more signals over a single channel Demultiplex DEMUX To separate two or more signals previously combined by compatible multiplexing equipment Demultiplexing A process applied to a multiplex signal for recovering signals combined within it and for restoring the distinct individual channels of the signals An a
64. d in table below Byte Clear text and Offset N TOH Section Sec and Line Overhead POH Bytes VT Bytes Bytes Line Sie Ip K218 Fo Line 04 20 D5 21 D62 H2 Line D724 D amp 25 D 26 2x27 Lie D10 28 D11 29 DIX30 743 Line 81 32 ME33 Ga 7x35 Example Response Note rx oh offset 18 RX OH OFFSET H22 The number 18 in the example corresponds to the K2 byte s offset value The number H22 is the non decimal numeric hexadecimal value of the K2 byte ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET JO Capture and Access Remote Control Implementation Single byte JO trace remote access is supported through existing overhead manipulation commands New 16 byte and 64 byte JO trace query requirements are supported with the following query parameters Command jO get trace type IO get 16byte jO get 16byte hex IO get 64byte jO get 64byte hex Result will get the JO or J1 multi byte trace based on the type selected will get the 16byte ASCII trace and append the CRC to the end of the string example return value abcdefghijklmno CRC AF will get the 16byte hexadecimal trace which will be comma separated and append the CRC to the end of the string example return value 61 62 63 CRC AF will get the 64byte ASCII trace no lt CR gt or lt LF gt or lt NULL gt characters will be displayed example return value Tek ST2400A
65. deletion or underflow repetition of one frame of a signal in a receiving buffer SONET Synchronous Optical Network A standard for optical transport in the United States Canada Japan Korea and Hong Kong that defines optical carrier levels and their electrically equivalent synchronous transport signals SONET allows for a multi vendor environment and positions the network for transport of new services synchronous networking and enhanced OAM amp P SSM Synchronisation Status Message Bits 5 to 8 of SDH overhead byte S1 are allocated for Synchronisation Status Messages See further details on the assignment of bit patterns for byte S1 in the section of this primer on Multiplex Section Overhead Stuffing see bit stuffing Synchronous A network where transmission system payloads are synchronized to a master network clock and traced to a reference clock A network where all clocks have the same long term accuracy under normal operating conditions Synchronous Equipment Timing Source SETS A network equipment clock Synchronous Transport Module STM A structure in the SDH transmission hierarchy STM 1 is SDH s base level transmission rate equal to 155 Mbit s Higher rates of STM 4 STM 16 and STM 64 are also defined TDEV Time Deviation a measure of wander Through Mode The ability to retransmit the incoming signal and manipulate its contents TIE Time Interval Error is the time difference in nanoseconds between the
66. ds are invalid in Transmitter only or Receiver only configurations tx 2488 elec on off Set the ON OFF state of the Transmitter electrical output Example tx 2488 elec on tx 2488 elec Query the ON OFF state of the Transmitter electrical output Example tx 2488 elec Response ON tx event trig alarm error Event Trigger Set Selects the trigger stimulus for the rear panel event trigger output Arguments alarm generates a trigger on each occurrence of the currently configured alarm error generates a trigger on each occurrence of the currently configured error Example tx_event_trig alarm Note The event trigger will lead the preset alarm by less than 1 microsecond It is available at the rear panel and can be used to synchronize other test equipment tx_event_trig Event Trigger Query Returns the value of the selected event trigger stimulus alarm or error Example tx event trig alarm Note See the Event Trigger Set Command ix ext sync off 1544 2048 Sets 1 544 Mbit s 2Mbit s 2 MHz inputs for external timing synchronization Argument tx ext sync off Disables external sync input tx ext sync 1544 Enable 1 544 Mbit s external sync input tx ext sync 2048 Enable 2 048 Mbit s 2 MHz external sync input Example tx ext sync 2048 ix ext sync Queries the current setting Used to add 1 544 Mbit s 2Mbit s 2 MHz inputs for external timing synchronization Example tx ext sync 2 68 ST2400A Test Set
67. duct Avoid Electric Overload To avoid electric shock or fire hazard do not apply a voltage to a terminal that is outside the range specified for that terminal Ground the product This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord To avoid electric shock the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product ensure that the product is properly grounded Do not operate without covers To avoid electric shock or fire hazard do not operate this product with covers or panels removed Use Proper Fuse To avoid fire hazard use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product Do not operate in Wet Damp Conditions To avoid electric shock do not operate this product in wet or damp conditions General Safety Summary Do not operate in Explosive Atmosphere To avoid injury or fire hazard do not operate this product in an explosive atmosphere Wear Eye Protection To avoid eye injury wear eye protections if there is a possibility of exposure to high intensity rays Product Damage Precautions AN CAUTION Signal levels greater than 10dBm negative 10dBm may damage the Optical Input devices Always pad the input level to less than 10dBm Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its receiver input Failure to do so will damage the optical detector Use Proper Power Source
68. e El byte 2 the F1 byte 3 bytes D1 through D3 S 4 bytes K1 and K2 5 bytes D4 through D12 6 byte S1 7 byte M1 8 byte E2 9 byte JO or all bytes listed Example CG oh pass 4 Response NONE Note Enabled and disabled by the tx oh edit command ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET tx oh write 1 9 all Transmitter Overhead Write Sets the attribute of the specified group to overwrite Argument s Example Response Note 1 the E1 byte 2 the F1 byte 3 bytes D1 through D3 4 bytes K1 and K2 4 bytes D4 through D12 6 byte S1 7 byte M1 8 byte E2 9 byte JO or all bytes listed tx_oh_write 4 NONE Enabled and disabled by the tx_oh_edit command tx oh b pass j0 e1 f1 d1 k1 d4 m1 s1 e2 c2 all Sets the overwrite pass attribute of the specified group to pass Example Response Note tx oh b write Sets the attribute Example Response Note tx oh b pass k1 NONE Uses character names for the bytes instead of numbering the groups d1 sets d1 d3 k1 sets kl amp k2 d4 sets d4 d12 Returns NONE when queried if no bytes are in overwrite mode Enabled and disabled by the tx_oh_edit command jO e1 f1 dt k1 d4 m1 s1 c2 e2 all of the specified group to overwrite tx_oh_b_write dl NONE Uses character names for the bytes instead of numbering the groups d1 sets d1 d3 k1 sets kl amp
69. e Query aeuo NIU d Ee ee ee inal alah Baek drop chann Drop Ch nnel Tributary Select sre eter tete tente e gel drop chan Drop Channel Tributary Query lof dur LOF duration APS counts los dur LOS duration APS counts TRANSMITTER REMOTE COMMANDS nnnennvnnnsvnnnnnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnennennenennnnnen 68 NA ea het ox Om Jon KOT i A EEE ene 68 EX DABS CLEC sunt rte een reo torn RE Ne tese cab casita pees eec ce ea deett eet o eR e ET EO LOG 68 tx event trig alarm error Event Trigger Set eene entere tentent tenente tenentes 68 tx event trig Event Trigger Query tx ext sync off I 1544 2048 oubli M tx input 15516221 155e int thru Tx external input selection command tx input TX Tu Uer WEE tx laser l ser OFF bom om kalas tr laser a eee ren evene ey aee RO WO eee rie RETE EINE EUN GS CR ANE FONTE 70 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 9 Remote Commands SDH SONET tx laser mmfo Haset zs eet E lene ae 70 txdlaser pow on Nor EE eter dr ee eU GR RE ei ret eere re hd 70 X laser EE 70 tx laser type laser ix laser WI laser EE E ER tx mapping sts1 sts3c vc4 sts12c sts48c vc4 4c vc4 16c es EN Be C0 PPE e M 71 Da SYNC TEE 72 tx test patt pn23 pn23inv allzeros fixed 7F pn31 pn3linv lee 72 oe ML NT 72 tx_wavelen 1310 1550 ix Wwavelen een
70. e and unavailable time below UR Unavailable Seconds Ratio The ratio of unavailable seconds to total time since testing was Started or restarted Definition of Available and Unavailable Time per G 826 Received signal becomes unavailable when 10 consecutive severely errored seconds are detected The 10 consecutive SES required to enter the unavailable state are considered unavailable seconds The signal remains in the unavailable state until 10 consecutive non severely errored seconds are detected The 10 consecutive non severely errored seconds are considered part of the available time ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 37 Remote Commands SDH SONET bi eb B1 Errored Block Count Returns the number of corrupted section blocks counted in the received signal Example bl eb Response Bl EB c c counted seconds in decimal Note RS B1 error blocks include the total count conforms to ITU G 826 b2 eb B2 Errored Block Count Returns the number of corrupted line blocks counted in the received signal Example b2 eb Response B2 EB c c counted seconds in decimal Note MS B2 error blocks include the total count conforms to ITU G 826 b3 eb B3 Errored Block Count Returns the number of corrupted line blocks counted in the received signal Example b3 eb Response B3 EB c c counted seconds in decimal Note MS B2 error blocks include the total count conforms to ITU G 826 path rei eb Path REI Errored
71. e i hee tx wl offset laser 50 to 49 a m i m wlan Arie i 73 External tributary insertion channel commands esessssvsrerseveveersevenevssesenesenesenenenesenenenesenevenesenenenesenenenesenenenenenenenesenenenesesenen 74 tx tnbimode single all TX Mode Select eee eee te ertet tet t det he Ere dene pee ee qiero ine 74 ix trib chann TX Channel Set eee tentete ette ere tei sun e ee etre te ei ec a eee 74 Single error insertion commands sesvessesverersesevevrseseneersesenevesesenevenesenevenesenevenesenenenesenenenesenevenesenenenesenenenesenenenesesenenesenenenesenenen 75 ix alll Chant DOs eee edente REED RN Ee 75 tx serr bl b2 b3 I pyld_bitl chan b2_rem I rei lte 75 D RE E EEN 75 Error Rate E EE EE tx err rate x yE z Error Rate Generator Range Set tx err rate Error Rate Generator Range et tx err ena bl b2 I b3 pyld bit tse bit chanloff Error Rate Injection Enable tx err ena Error Rate Injection Enable Query rrsreeererssrervrseenervessesersessssersrsssesrsesssesrseseensessssensesessseresessenresessenreseesen tx febe cnt n Tx Line FEBE Errored Frames Count Set GONET esee tentent nn tx_febe_cnt Tx FEBE Errored Frames Count Query SONET sssreronenererenenerenenenerevenenerenenenerenenenerenenenerenenenerenenee tx_febe_secs n m Tx FEBE Duration Set SONET tx febe secs Tx FEBE Duration Query SONET tx febe ena burst timed cont I off SONET
72. e number of Path REI unavailable seconds counted in the received signal Example path rei ur Response Path REI UR e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 827 TSE ur TSE Unavailable Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of TSE unavailable seconds counted in the received signal Example tse ur Response TSE UR e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 827 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 47 Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 aeb B1 Available Time Errored Block Count Returns the number of corrupted section blocks counted during the available time Example bl aeb Response Bl AEB c c counted blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 b2 aeb B2 Available Time Errored Block Count Returns the number of corrupted line blocks counted during the available time Example bi aeb Response B2 ABB c c counted blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 b3 aeb B3 Available Time Errored Block Count Returns the number of corrupted line blocks counted during the available time Example b3 aeb Response B3 AEB c c 2 counted blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 path rei aeb Path REI Available Time Errored Block Count Returns the number of path remote error indications counted during available time Example path rei aeb Response Path REI AEB c c counted blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 ise aeb TSE Availab
73. each following command within this LED Status Query Command section this page and four following pages The led_stat command will report the CUR condition until the user remotely queries and gets the status information from all of the LED indicators that were active at any time during the test cycle Each LED status command will also report the CUR condition if the LED was activated since its last query Once all are queried each LED indicator and the led_stat command will report the HIST condition if an error or alarm had ever occurred during the current test cycle otherwise the CLEAR condition will be reported Result Returns a quick status of all LED status commands without having to individually query each of them also gives B1 B2 B3 PB Path REI error rates and counts and FEBE counts B3 Payload Bit PB Path REI LOP Path AIS and Path RDI errors are only displayed when B3 capable hardware is present in the ST2400A test unit Works the same in SONET and SDH modes only SONET related commands listed Related commands sect los sect_lof sect_oof sect b1 line b2 line ais line ferf line febe bl err b2 err b3 err bl ber b2 ber b3 ber pb err path rei err sts febe err path lop path ais ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Sample of returned data LOS LOF OOF B1 ERR B2 ERR B3 ERR REI FEBE RDI FERF Path AIS Path RDI B1 COUNT B1 BER B2 COUNT B2 BER B3 COUNT B3
74. econds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 41 Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 ses B1 Severely Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of STM n section BIP 8 code violation severely errored seconds counted in the received signal Example bl ses Response Bl SES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 b2 ses B2 Severely Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of STM n line BIP 24 code violation severely errored seconds counted in the received signal Example b2 ses Response B2 SES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 b3 ses B3 Severely Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of B3 severely errored seconds counted in the received signal Example b3 ses Response B3 SES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 path rei ses Path REI Severely Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of Path REI severely errored seconds counted in the received signal Example path rei ses Response Path REI SES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 ise ses TSE Severely Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of TSE severely errored seconds counted in the received signal Example tse ses Response tse SES c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 2 42 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 cses B1 Consecutive
75. ed to alert the GPIB controller whenever a status change or event occurs This is accomplished by maintaining two status registers and their associated enable register The six status registers are e Standard Event Status Register SESR general purpose status register e Event Status Enable Register ESER enable register e Status Byte Register SBR general purpose status register e Service Request Enable Register SRER enable register e Test Status Event Register TSER enable register e Test Status Register TSR status register The GPIB bus SRQ service request line is asserted when one or more status bits are set The controller uses a serial poll procedure to find out which instrument initiated the SRQ Specific status bits can be enable or disable to control which status changes or events result in an SRQ The ST2400A status registers can be read and set from the RS 232 control interface however the SRQ function is only available on the GPIB bus SRQs can be generated or masked off under user control in response to the ST2400A detecting an alarm or error LOS LOF OFF REI FEBE RDI FERF AIS B1 B2 or in response to an end of test manual stop or end of timed test A status register may contain defined used bits and undefined unused bits Each defined bit in a status register corresponds to a given instrument status or event Once cleared set to zero the value of a status bit will remain zero false as long as the c
76. efect indication rdi I ais Line Alarm Indication Signal clr clears the burst alarm condition Example alm_timed rdi Response NONE alm_timed Alarm Timed Query Returns the status that was set by the Alarm Timed Set Command Example alm_timed Response ALM_TIMED CLR Note See the Alarm Timed Set Command ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 87 Remote Commands SDH SONET alarm multi oof rdi I ais clr Alarm Multiple Set Specifies which alarm condition will be generated when the alarm mode is set to multiple Argument oof Out Of Frame rdi inserts a remote defect indication rdi I ais Line Alarm Indication Signal clr clears the burst alarm condition Example alarm multi I ais Response NONE alm multi Alarm Multiple Query Returns the status that was set by the Alarm Multiple Set Command Example alm multi Response ALM MULTI CLR Note See the Alarm Multiple Set Command alm count n Alarm Count Sets the alarm burst duration to on for a specified number of frames from I to 127 Example alm count 40 Response NONE Notes Use the alm enable burst command to executed the alarm condition The default is 5 frames alm count Alarm Count Query Returns the current valu of the alarm burst duration for the specified number of frames Example alm count Response ALM COUNT 40 Note See the Alarm count Set Command alm secs n m Alarm Seconds Set Sets timed alarm duration in seconds Argument n m is
77. ektronix part number 071 0242 00 is the primary source of information on how the ST2400A SONET Test Set functions ST2400A SONET SDH Test Set Service Manual Tektronix part number 071 0244 00 provides information on maintaining and servicing your instrument to the module level ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual xiii External Controllers amp Printers External Controllers and Printers This chapter explains how to connect external devices to the RS 232C GPIB and parallel ports This chapter also includes port setup procedures Remote Control Applications The ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set can be remotely operated from its RS 232C or GPIB ports in one of the following ways e Use the RS 232C Port manually from a VT 100 terminal or VT 100 emulation program entering commands individually Recommended for learning commands and syntax e Use the GPIB or RS 232C Port Automatically from a PC or engineering workstation using a control program Recommended for factory automation applications Printer Applications The ST2400A 2 4 Gb s SDH SONET Test Set can print reports to its e Parallel port using a Centronics printer interface e Serial port using an RS 232C serial printer interface ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 1 1 External Controllers and Printers Using the RS 232C Port The following section describes the RS 232C serial port Serial Interface Parameters ST2400A serial port parameters are listed below along wit
78. enenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenene 2 1 Multiple Commands 5 ssiccctiscccsscostovsncsceeabusscrsnancnsosockeesvsnssestesasuesoveseetuovensvenpsensoacessosore alene 2 2 ATGUIens oiii eerie DR Ue s oOo OES oE O Er Sne Sa EE rE A O SETS IUE OEPS ESSEE enste 2 2 Table of Commands D 2 5 Standard peter 2 12 General Setup Commands oerte eege Een 2 20 Test Cycle Control Commands essesesssevesenesesenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenene 2 23 System COMMUTATION per 2 27 Receiver Remote Commands us 2 ARE sees SE 2 30 RX Mapp Doe e SR 2 31 er 2 32 B1 B2 B3 Payload Bit Path REI FEBE TSE Error Data Query Commande AE 2 33 RS B1 MS B2 and MS REI Error Data Query Commands 2 36 SDH Error Status esee hee et eR RNET ee eh 2 52 SONET Error Status 2 52 LED Status Query Commands es dis e St 2 53 Transport Overhead Bytes cete np e e ped ire e tr one 2 61 Automatic Protection Switching APS Data 2 65 Receiver Drop Commands eet eU dee deed AE 2 65 Transmitter Remote Commands eeseveveesesevenenesevesesesenenesenenenenenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenesenenenenenenenesenenenesene 2 67 External Tributary Insertion Channel Commande 2 73 Single Error Insertion Commande a 2 74 Error Rate Commands oerte keen REC x ep ENDE STER ea aer ehe opc rte petet 2 15 TOH Edit and Query Comm
79. ennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnennnnnnnnnnnnennnnennvennnr 94 combined mode on off Combined Mode Set 94 combined mode Combined Mode Query ENEE 94 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 11 Remote Commands SDH SONET Standard Commands cls Clear Status Clears the Standards Events Status Register SESR and the Event Status Bit ESB in the Status Byte Register SBR initiates the Operation Complete Idle State and Operation Complete Query Idle State Example Sch Response NONE Note after execution the ST2400A will have no data in its input and output registers and will not be executing any command ese n Event Status Enable Sets the Event Status Enable Register ESER to the argument n Argument n a decimal number between 0 and 255 Example ese 255 Response NONE Note decimal 255 sets the register to 11111111 binary ese Event Status Enable Register Query Queries the Event Status Enable Register ESER Example ese Response ESER n n a decimal number between 0 and 255 Note decimal 255 sets the register to 11111111 binary esr Event Status Register Query Returns the content of the Event Status Register ESR Example esr Response ESR n n a decimal number between 0 and 255 Note decimal 255 indicates the register is set to 11111111 binary idn Identify Returns a character string that includes company name instrument model number and current software version Example idn
80. ent measure mode can be either SDH or SONET Command Result Available Options Remote changing of error menus will Available meas mode options switch to SONET ERRORS menu meas mode menu type menu SDH ERRORS specified example en url a F for SONET menu SDH ERRORS B1 ERR BI ERR Be ERR B3 ERR PB ERR TOTAL TOTAL2 TIME Avaialable menu type for SDH Bl ERR BI ERR2 B1 ERR3 Bl ERR4 Bl ERR5 B2 ERR B2 ERR2 B2 ERR3 B2 ERR4 B2 ERR5 B3 ERR B3 ERR2 B3 ERR3 B3 ERR4 B3 ERR5 REI ERR REI ERR2 REI ERR3 REI_ERR4 RE ERR5 HP ERR HP ERR2 HP ERR3 HP ERR4 HP ERR5 TSE ERR TSE ERR2 TSE ERR3 R TSE_ERR4 TSE ERR5 TOTAL TOTAL2 T new_m_mode sdh sonet New Measurement Mode Set Sets the measurement mode to be used after the next power on cycle Example new_m_mode sonet Response NONE Note see new_m_mode New Measurement Mode Query Command new_m_mode New Measurement Mode Query Returns a character string indicating the measurement mode that is set to be used after the next power on cycle ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 27 Remote Commands SDH SONET Example new m mode sonet Response NONE Note see new m mode New Measurement Mode Set Command log clear Log Clear Clears a
81. ents and routes information into discrete units Packet switching allows for efficient sharing of network resources as packets from different sources can all be sent over the same channel in the same bitstream Parity check An error checking scheme which examines the number of transmitted bits in a block which hold the value one For even parity an overhead parity bit is set to either one or zero to make the total number of transmitted one in the block data plus parity bit an even number For odd parity the parity bit is set to make the total number of ones in the block an odd number Path A logical connection between a point where an STS or VT is multiplexed to the point where it is demultiplexed Path Overhead POH Overhead accessed generated and processed by path terminating equipment Path overhead includes nine bytes of STS Path Overhead and when the frame is VT structured five bytes of VT Path Overhead Path Terminating Equipment PTE Network elements such as fiber optic terminating systems which can access generate and process Path Overhead Payload The portion of the SONET signal available to carry service signals such as DS1 DS2 and DS3 The contents of an STS SPE or VT SPE Payload Pointer Indicates the beginning of the Synchronous Payload Envelope Photonic The basic unit of light transmission used to define the lowest physical layer in the OSI seven layer model Plesiochronous A network with nodes
82. erely errored seconds counted in the received signal divided by the available time Example b3 ses Response B3 SES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 path rei sesr Path REI Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of Path REI severely errored seconds counted in the received signal divided by the available time Example path rei ses Response Path REI SES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 TSE sesr TSE Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of TSE severely errored seconds counted in the received signal divided by the available time Example Tse ses Response Tse SES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 45 Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 uas B1 Unavailable Seconds Query Returns the number of STM n section BIP 8 code violation unavailable seconds counted in the received signal Example bl uas Response Bl UAS c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 827 b2 uas B2 Unavailable Seconds Query Returns the number of STM n line BIP 24 code violation unavailable seconds counted in the received signal Example bi uas Response B2 UAS c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 827 b3 uas B3 Unavailable Seconds Query Returns the number of B3 unavailable seconds counted in the received
83. ers ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET Command Result jO set trace type comma will set the JO multi byte trace based on the type selected and separated parameters the parameters passed in jo set 16byte CRC FF will set the 16byte trace to the unquoted text string passed in abcdefghijklmno If more than 15 characters are provided the extra will be truncated An optional CRC can be passed in and will over ride the CRC which would normally be calculated automatically jo set will set the 16byte trace to the comma separated hexadecimal 16byte hex CRC FF 00 22 77 values passed in If more than 15 hex values are provided the extra will be truncated An optional CRC can be passed in and will over ride the CRC which would normally be calculated automatically jO set 64byte abcdefghijklmno will set the 64byte trace to the unquoted text string passed in the text string must be sent in four different 16 character segments any extra text will be truncated The user must specify which segment is being passed on the command line Each segment should be passed in order i e first second third and fourth If more than 14 characters are provided on the fourth segment the extra will be truncated The lt CR gt and lt LF gt characters will be automatically appended to the end in positions 63 and 64 respectively of the 64byte trace jO set 64byte hex 00 22 77 will set the 64byte
84. ers and results rather than to front panel keys or setup menus For example there is no remote command used to press the SETUP Key ST2400A commands may only have a query form or only a set form however many have both forms When a command has both a set and query form the clear text header used for the query form will be identical to its corresponding set command form except for an added question mark The following examples use clear text for the view angle query and set commands view_angle query command view_angle n set command The view angle query command uses the header view_angle with a question mark and no space The view angle set command uses the same header with a the veritable n which represents an integer from 0 to 7 with a space ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 1 Remote Commands SDH SONET Command Symbols and Delimiters Symbol Meaning lt CR gt Carriage return ASCII decimal 13 lt LF gt Line Feed ASCII decimal 10 numbers and integers Decimal 10 Hexadecima HFA I 80377 Octal 8B11111111 Binary NOTE Unless otherwise indicated all numbers and integers are decimal string A character string Enclosed argument is required Exclusive OR argument al blc that means include one and only one of the following parameters a b or c 2 2 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET Multiple Commands given command line may contain one or more commands up to
85. es around the world Algeria Argentina Australia Bahrain Bangladesh Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile People s Republic of China Columbia Costa Rica Cypress Czechoslovakia Denmark Ecuador Egypt Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong Iceland India Indonesia Treland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Japan Jordan Korea Kuwait Lebanon Malaysia Mexico The Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Phillippines Poland Portugal Saudi Arabia South Africa Singapore Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Tunisia Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Venezuela Zimbabwe ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Phone 44 1628 403300 Fax 44 1628 403301 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual vil Table of Contents Table Of Contents General Safety Summary cte ee tH etie te Rr nh esee or Stt ix ae xii EXTERNAL CONTROLLERS amp PRINTERS Remote Control Applications eee etre tette tertie isss etos eee der ep Eeer 1 1 Printer DIU DICERE ccm 1 1 Using the RS 232C LO ue R 1 1 ird regu b 1 6 REMOTE COMMANDS Command Types amp Syntaxis ears tesestet besos te vestit estas ores be eai s eooo oe aeoo rese bote Uer Lopes e uos tius 2 1 Command Symbols and Delimiters s esesesevesenenevenenenevenenen
86. from 0 1 to 9 9 seconds seconds Example alm secs 2 5 Response NONE Note n m defaults to 2 5 seconds during the power on sequence 2 88 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET alm secs Alarm Seconds Query Returns the set duration of the Timed Alarm in seconds Example alm secs Response ALM SECS 2 5 Note See the Alarm Seconds Set Command ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 89 Remote Commands SDH SONET Repeat Alarms ra type los oof rdi I ais Repeat Alarm Select Specifies which alarm condition will be generated repetitively when started Argument los inserts a Loss Of Signal oof inserts an Out Of Frame Signal rdi inserts a Remote Defect Indication I ais inserts a Line Alarm Indication Example ra_type los Response NONE Note Used with the ra start command ra type Repeat Alarm Select Query Returns the specific alarm condition to be generated repetitively when started Example ra type Response RA TYPE LOS Note Used with ra type command ra inject n m Repeat Alarm Inject Set Sets the amount off alarm injection time from 0 1 to 1 0 seconds Argumen n m a decimal number from 0 1 to 1 0 t Example ra_inject 0 4 Response NONE ra_inject Repeat Alarm Inject Query Returns the currently set Repeat Alarm injection time on time in seconds Example ra_inject Response RA INJECT 0 4 Note See the Repeat Alarm Inject Set Command ra wait n m Repeat A
87. from A1 to Z5 and b the byte content in hexadecimal format such as K2 2H22 Enabled and disabled by the tx oh edit command POH Bytes VT Bytes K2 PR O NE E CD g a D2 E Z5 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 81 Remote Commands SDH SONET tx oh offset n b Transmit Overhead Offset Byte Set Sets the overhead byte associated with offset n to any hexadecimal value b from 00 to FF Example tx oh offset 1 AA Response NONE Notes n b n offset and b the byte in hexadecimal format The table below list each TOH byte clear text and its offset Enabled and disabled by the tx_oh_edit command Byte Clear text and Offset aroo A201 10 02 nos VE36 Bio Ep F06 BX07 V237 pos DX09 D3 10 Cai VX38 m12 H213 H3 14 GEIS v43 B216 KD K218 Sm D420 D5 21 D62 H23 07 24 D amp 25 D926 22 10 28 DIL29 DIZ30 Z amp 31 SE32 ME3 EX34 2535 ix oh offset n Transmit Overhead Offset Query Returns the overhead byte associated with offset n Example CG oh offset n Response TX OH OFFSET n b n offset and b the byte in hexadecimal format Note offset mapping is shown with the tx oh offset n b command tx oh pass 1 9 all Transmitter Overhead Pass Sets the overwrite pass attribute of the specified group to pass Argument 1 th
88. gital interfaces G 704 Synchronous frame structures used at 1544 6312 2048 8448 and 4476 kbit s hierarchical levels ST2400A Programmer Manual SDH Glossary G 706 Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check CRC procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G 704 G 707 Network Node Interface for the SDH G 772 Protected monitoring points provided on digital transmission systems G 780 Vocabulary of terms for SDH networks and equipment G 782 Types and general characteristics of SDH equipment G 783 Characteristics of SDH equipment functional blocks G 784 SDH management G 802 Interworking between networks based on different and speech coding laws G 803 Architectures of transport networks based on the SDH G 825 Control of jitter and wander in SDH G 826 Error performance parameters and objectives for international constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate G 831 Management capabilities of transport network based on SDH G 841 Types and characteristics of SDH network protection architectures G 861 Principles and guidelines for the integration of satellite and radio systems in SDH G 957 Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating to the SDH G 958 Digital line systems based on SDH for use on optical fibre cables L432 B ISDN User network interface Physical layer specification M 2101 Performance Limits for BIS and Maintenance of Int SDH Paths an
89. h their available values and default value In addition ECHO and XON XOFF can be changed remotely via the GPIB or RS 232 port RS 232C Serial Port Parameters Parameter MENU and Description Possible Values Default Value BAUD Baud rate in bits per second 300 1200 2400 or 9600 9600 PARITY Error detection Even Odd or None SIZE Data bits per character El B tS EOL End of Line terminator XON XOFF Flow control ECHO Echo back to the controller each character received by the ST2400A RS 232C Connector Pinout CR ASCII decimal 13 CR LF LF ASCII decimal 10 CR LF or LF CR ON enabled or OFF disabled ON enabled or OFF ON disabled The RS 232C interface is a 9 pin D type socket connector located on the rear panel The pin out of this connector is shown below The ST2400A RS 232C port is wired as a DCE data communications equipment device it receives on pin 2 and transmits on pin 3 RS 232C Connector Pin out Protective Ground FUNCTION Received Data Input Data is received by the ST2400A on this pin Transmit Data Output Data is transmitted by ST2400A on this pin Clear To Send A high level or open applied to this pin indicates to the ST2400A that the controller or terminal is ready to receive data A low level indicates that the controller or terminal is not ready The ST2400A Request to Send The ST2400A always sets this pin high Data Terminal Ready The ST2400A always
90. hat carries the service For example mapping a El service into a SDH VC 12 associates each bit of the E1 with a location in the VC 12 Multiframe Any structure made of multiple frames SDH has facilities to recognize multiframes at the E1 level and at the VC n level Multiplex Section Alarm Indication Signal MS AIS MS AIS is generated by Section Terminating Equipment STE upon the detection of a Loss of Signal or Loss of Frame defect on an equipment failure MS AIS maintains operation of the downstream regenerators and therefore prevents generation of unnecessary alarms At the same time data and orderwire communication is retained with the downstream Line Terminating Equipment LTE ST2400A Programmer Manual G7 SDH Glossary G8 Multiplex Section Remote Defect Indication MS RDI A signal returned to the transmitting Line Terminating Equipment LTE upon detecting a Loss of Signal Loss of Frame or MS AIS defect MS RDI was previously known as Multiplex Section FERF Multiplex Section Overhead MSOH 18 bytes of overhead accessed generated and processed by MS terminating equipment This overhead supports functions such as locating the payload in the frame multiplexing or concatenating signals performance monitoring automatic protection switching and line maintenance Multiplexer A device for combining several channels to be carried by a single physical channel Narrowband Services requiring up to 2 Mbit s transport
91. ic switching process whereby a circuit between two users is opened on demand and maintained for their exclusive for the duration of the transmission Coding Violation CV A transmission error detected by the difference between the transmitted and the locally calculated bit interleaved parity Concatenate The linking together of various data structures for example two bandwidths joined to form a single bandwidth Concatenated STS Nc A signal in which the STS Envelope Capacities from the N STS 1s have been combined to carry an STS Nc Synchronous Payload Envelope SPE It is used to transport signals that do not fit into an STS 1 52 Mb s payload Concatenated VT A virtual tributary VT x Nc which is composed of N x VTs combined Its payload is transported as a single entity rather than separate signals Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC A technique for using overhead bits to detect transmission errors Data Communications Channels OAM amp P channels in SONET that enable communications between intelligent controllers and individual network nodes as well as inter node communications Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function Digital Cross Connect DCS An electronic cross connect which has access to lower rate channels in higher rate multiplexed signals and can electronically rearrange cross connect those channels Digital Signal An electrical or optical signal that varies
92. ilters are defined in ITU T standards where they are sometimes referred to as HP2 LP1 Highpass The lower 3 dB corner frequency of a filter The filter passes frequencies higher than this frequency Interleave The ability of SDH to mix together and transport different types of input signals in an efficient manner thus allowing higher transmission rates ITU International Telecommunications Union An agency of the United Nations responsible for the regulation standardization co ordination and development of international telecommunications as well as the harmonization of national policies It functions through international committees of telecommunications administrations operators manufacturers and scientific industrial organizations Jitter The short term variations of the significant instants of a timing signal from their ideal positions in time where short term implies that these variations are of frequency greater than or equal to 10 Hz Jitter Hit When peak to peak jitter crosses a predetermined threshold Jitter Tolerance A conformance test that measures the susceptability of a network element input to incoming jitter Jitter Transfer A conformance test that measures the transfer of jitter from the input to the output of a network element Jitter Transfer Function A graph that shows jitter gain as a function of jitter frequency Line Alarm Indication Signal AIS A Line AIS is generated by Section Terminat
93. ime Elapsed Test Cycle Time Query test mode untimed I timed repeat Test Mode Set E site fest mode Test Mode Query scu sete tU RR EGER UV ERO canons ONERE US Ute RO DARIN Ea test print log prev current off Test Print Bet ec eene tentn tens test report log I eot both off Test Report Set test report Test Report Query as test squelch on off Test Squelch Set test squelch Test Squelch Query test state run stop Test State Set Pus vitt Nes Nu test zstate gt Vest State Query russen test time dehh mmi ss Test Time Seti uero co ree civ ees e HR ORO eee DEN EE test time Test State Query s See E E te uen test st te rum listop Test State Sets eese TE PP n rite EE AE test state Test State Query sess pause state pause resume Pause State Set pause state Pause State eweg eet tree eeneg eege hevede SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 4 rcicinns isa rano idea racc dC ba cbr End dua LE cada wa C m mode Measurement Mode Query terrent ipei eee coensheduaduecssbssnsenceneovsvnvovsstedubonsdesveeneevestes menu meas mode menu Iype tenente tentent tte te tette tente tees tite tenentes tette tette te tentent tentes new m mode sdh I sonet New Measurement Mode Set new m mode New Measurement Mode Query log clear Log Clerf deed resume laser off Ton RO E EE 28 rx installed Receiver Board tement deeg eege DAE een tx installed Transmitter nie
94. ing Equipment upon Loss of Signal or Loss of Frame Line Coding Violation CV The sum of the BIP errors detected at the Line layer Line CVs are collected using the BIP codes in the B2 bytes of the Line Overhead ST2400A Programmer Manual SDH Glossary Line Errored Second ES A second during which at least one Line CV occurred or a second during which the line was in the Line AIS state Line Overhead LOH Controls the payload information using the section layer and provides alarm indications error monitoring and message signalling between two LTEs Line Severely Errored Second SES A second with N or more Line CVs or a second during which the line was in the Line AIS state The value of N varies with the transmit rate but corresponds to a 2 x10 BER Locked Mode A virtual tributary mode that fixes the starting location of the VC Locked mode has less pointer processing than floating mode LOF An acronym for Loss of Frame LOP An acronym for Loss of Pointer LOS An acronym for Loss of Signal Low Frequency Jitter Jitter that crosses the wander threshold approximately 0 1 Hz to 500 Hz Low frequency jitter is often the result of pointer movement Lowpass The upper 3 dB corner frequency of a filter The filter passes frequencies lower than this frequency LTE An acronym for Line Terminating Equipment Mapping The process of associating each bit transmitted by a service into the SDH payload structure t
95. it error on a single channel chan inserts a bit error on the channel specified by the tx err chan command b2 rem works only for older ST2400 units only b2 rem inserts a single b2 error when the transmitter is in the external mode with tributary insertion on channel one or on all of the channels This options only functions in the dual mode rei inserts a remote error indication rei Example tx serr b2 Response NONE Note Used with the tx err chan command tx serr pyld bit can also be shown as tx serr tse for SDH bit and chan not available for B3 boards Option 42 tx err chann Sets the channel for a bit error on a specific STM 1 channel Example tx err chann n an integer from 1 to 16 Response NONE Note Used with the tx sert command The channel will be used for a single or rate error insertion ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 75 Remote Commands SDH SONET Error Rate Commands tx err rate x yE z Error Rate Generator Range Set Sets the rate generator range for bit channel and B1 B2 B3 payload bit errors Example tx err rate x yE z Response NONE Note Bit and channel errors can be set to a range from 0 1e 9 to 1 0e 3 B1 errors can be set to a range from 0 1e 9 to 1 0e 5 B2 errors can be set to a range from 0 1e 9 to 1 0e 3 B3 errors can be set to a range from 0 1e 9 to 1 0e 3 See the Error Rate Injection Enable Command ix err rate Error Rate Generator Range Set Returns the current e
96. it in the TSR is shown below Test Status Register TSR 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 ERR TRIG SCAN AUTO EOT The function of each bit in the TSR is defined below TSR Bit Definitions Bit Defintion 7 Not defined MSB 6 Not defined Not defined ERR Error Set to one when any error or alarm has occurred LOS LOF OOF B1 B2 REI FEBE AIS or RDI FERF TRIG Not used SCAN Not used AUTO Not used EOT End of Test Set to one on an End of Test condition testing stopped manually timed test complete etc Test Status Enable Register The Test Status Enable Register TSER is the enable register associated with the TSR status register Each enable bit in the TSER occupies the same bit position as the corresponding status bit in the TSR When ERR or EOT are enabled set to 1 detection of the corresponding test event will cause TSB to be set in the Status Byte Register SBR ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 1 13 External Controllers and Printers Status Byte Register The Status Byte Register SBR indicates the overall status of the instrument and is used to control the SRQ line on the GPIB bus The name of each defined bit in the SBR is shown below Status Byte Register SBR 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 MSS ESB MAV TSB x s The function of each defined bit in the SBR is described below Status Byte Register Bit Definitions Bit Definition MSS Master Status Summary This bit sum
97. ive events 2 waits for 10 event free S seconds off logs every event Example test squelch on Response NONE Note When the Squelch is enabled error logging is limited to ten consecutive reports Then Error logging is resumed after 10 event free seconds 2 24 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET test squelch Test Squelch Query Returns the current status of the Squelch Example test squelch Response TEST SQUELCH ON Note See the Test Squelch Set Command test state run stop Test State Set Sets the test state to either run or stop Argument run clears all counters clears the history and starts the test S cycle stop suspends the test cycle Example test state run Response NONE Note See pause state command The Trouble Scan Mode must be OFF before the Test State can be enabled test state Test State Query Returns the current status of the test cycle Example test state Response TEST STATE ON Note The test cycle can be either on running or off When the test state stop the pause run resume sequence can be used to save the current data and history test time d hh mm ss Test Time Set Sets the duration of the test cycle in days d hours hh minutes mm and seconds ss Example test time 0 02 00 00 Response NONE Note The Argument must be enclosed in quotation marks One hyphen and two colons must be used as shown in the example Maximum Test
98. k2 d4 sets d4 d12 Returns NONE when queried if no bytes are in overwrite mode Enabled and disabled by the tx_oh_edit command ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 83 Remote Commands SDH SONET Repeat Errors re type b1 b2 b3 pyld bit febe or rei chan Set Repeat Error Type Sets the recurring error type to be injected Arguments bl bl error b2 b2 error b3 b3 error pyld bit Payload bit error I febe or rei chan channel error Example re type bl Response NONE Note Only one error can be active Enabling any error will disable all others Errors are injected a rate for an period of time Repeat errors use the rate set by each individual transmit error command listed under STM 16 error rate commands Note bit and chan not available for B3 boards Option 42 re type Repeat error Query Query error for the error type selected Example re type Response RE TYPE error type Note Error types are listed with the Set Repeat Error Type Command re inject n m Repeat Error Inject Sets the on time for the recurring error injection period from 0 1 to 9 9 seconds Example re inject n m Response NONE re inject Repeat Error Inject Query Returns the on time for the recurring error injection period cycle Example re inject Response RE INJECT n m n m seconds in decimal from 0 1 to 9 9 2 84 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET re wait n m Repeat
99. l integer from 0 to 9 2 4 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET edit setup n s Edit Setup Label Set Assigns a label s to the saved setup n Augment n is the setup number from 0 to 9 in decimal s is the string of Example edit setup 7 OC 12 Test Response NONE Note Up to 10 ASCII characters can be saved with each of the 10 setups The string must be enclosed in quotation marks Only upper case ASCII characters A to Z and numbers 0 to 9 can be used along with the following ASCII symbols 96 e uy Fee de edit setup n Edit Setup Label Query Returns the current label assigned to the n setup saved in memory Example edit setup n n a decimal integer between 0 and 9 Response EDIT SETUP OC 12 TEST Note Up to 10 ASCII characters can be saved with each of the 10 setups gpib address GPIB Address Query Returns the current address value Example gpib address Response GPIB ADDRESS 15 Note This command is only used through the RS 232C Port connection gpib address n GPIB Address Set Sets the value of the GPIB Port address Example gpib address 15 Response NONE Argument n a decimal integer from 0 to 31 ER Note This command is only used through the RS 232C Port connection ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 15 Remote Commands SDH SONET gpib bus talk listen off bus GPIB Bus Mode Set Sets the GPIB bus mode to on or off Argument talk
100. l last for 50 microseconds los time Loss Of Signal Time Query Returns the LOS time duration in microseconds Example los time Response LOS TIME n n a decimal quantity from I to 127 microseconds los secs n m Loss Of Signal Set Sets the timed LOS event to a duration from 1 0 to 9 9 seconds Argument n m a decimal number from 1 0 to 9 9 Example los secs 4 0 Response NONE los secs Loss Of Signal Query Returns the duration in seconds that is set for the timed LOS event Example los secs Response LOS SECS 4 0 Note See the Loss Of Signal Set Command los tm enab Loss Of Signal Enable Enables the LOS event for the amount of time specified by los secs command Example los tm enab Response NONE 2 92 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET los off Loss Of Signal Disable Disables the LOS event currently being generated Example los off Response NONE los cont Generates a continuous LOS event Example los_cont Response NONE los_active Queries the current condition of the LOS event Example los_active Response LOS ACTIVE ON Note ON indicates that the LOS event is currently activated OFF indicates that the LOS event is inactive ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 93 Remote Commands SDH SONET Combined Dual Mode Commands When the ST2400A is connected to a Tektronix ST112 the combined dual mode on command can be used to initiate the link procedure between the t
101. larm Wait Set Sets the amount off wait time off time between alarm injections from 9 9 to 30 0 seconds Argumen n m a decimal number from 9 9 to 30 0 t Example ra_wait 15 5 Response NONE 2 90 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET ra wait Repeat Alarm Wait Query Returns the currently set Repeat Alarm wait time off time in seconds Example ra wait Response RA WAIT 15 5 Note See the Repeat Alarm Wait Set Command ra enable on off Repeat Alarm Enable Set Controls the repeat alarm cycle using preset conditions Arguments on activates the repeat alarm cycle off halts the current repeat alarm cycle Example ra_enable on Response NONE Note Before using this command the preset conditions can be review using the Repeat Alarm Query commands ra_type ra_inject and ra_wait ra_enable Repeat Alarm Enable Query Returns the status of the Repeat Alarm Enable Set Command Example ra_enable Response RA ENABLE ON Note The Repeat Alarm Enable Set Command can be either ON or OFF ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 91 Remote Commands SDH SONET Loss Of Signal los enab Loss Of Signal Enable Enables the LOS event for the amount of time specified by los time Example los enab Response NONE los timen Loss Of Signal Time Set Loss of Signal event to a specific amount of time from 1 to 127 microseconds Example los time 50 Response NONE Note In the example the LOS wil
102. le Time Errored Block Count Returns the number of path remote error indications counted during available time Example tse aeb Response tse AEB c c counted blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 2 48 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET bi abbe B1 Available Time Background Block Errors Returns the number of corrupted section background blocks counted during the available time Example bl abbe Response B1_ABBE c c counted background blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 bi abbe B2 Available Time Background Block Errors Returns the number of corrupted line background blocks counted during the available time Example b2_abbe Response B2 ABBE c c counted background blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 b3 abbe B3 Available Time Background Block Errors Returns the number of corrupted line background blocks counted during the available time Example b3 abbe Response B3 ABBE c c counted background blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 path rei abbe Path REI Available Time Background Block Errors Returns the number of background remote error indications counted during available time Example path rei abbe Response Path REI ABBE c c counted background blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 TSE abbe TSE Available Time Background Block Errors Returns the number of background remote error indicatio
103. listen enables the gpib bus ER off bus disables the gpib bus In this mode the gpib bus will not respond to any commands except the GPIB Bus talk listen from the RS 232C port Example GPIB Bus off bus Response NONE Note This command is only used through the RS 232C Port connection See the gpib bus GPIB Bus Mode Query Command gpib bus GPIB Bus Mode Query Returns the current status of the GPIB bus Example gpib bus Response GPIB BUS TALK LISTEN Note The GPIB bus can be off off bus or on talk listen This command is only used through the RS 232C Port connection header on off Header mode command Enables or disables headers The header is the part of a response that replicates the command Argument on enables headers in the response to any query command ER off disables headers Example header on Response NONE Note When the header is on the query command gpib_bus will respond with both the header and the status GPIB_BUS TALK_LISTEN When the header is off the query command gpib_bus will respond with the status only TALK_LISTEN header Header Mode Query Returns a response string indicating the headers are enabled or disabled Example header Response HEADER ON Note See the Header Mode Set Command 2 16 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET logo Logo Query command Returns a character string that includes company name instrument model number current software ve
104. ll error log entries Example log clear Response NONE resume laser off on Sets the operation of the laser after a power loss Argument resume laser off Disables the laser on power up resume laser on Restores last setting of the RX or TX laser on power up and restores any active tests error or alarm injection Example resume laser on Response resume laser Queries the current setting Control the laser after a power loss Example resume laser Response rx installed Receiver Board Query Returns receiver board status that was detected during the power on sequence Example rx installed Response RX INSTALLED YES Note YES indicates that the receiver board was detected NO indicates that the receiver board was NOT detected tx installed Transmitter Board Query Returns transmitter board status that was detected during the power on sequence Example rx installed Response RX INSTALLED YES Note YES indicates that the transmitter board was detected NO indicates that the transmitter board was NOT detected ix wav TX Wavelength Query Returns transmitter wavelength Example tx wav 2 28 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET Response TX WAVE 1310 Note The transmitter wavelength can be switched to either 13 10nm or 1550nm in a dual wavelength unit ix wav 1310 1550 TX Wavelength Set Switches the transmitter wavelength in a dual wavelength unit Example tx wav 1550
105. lphabetical list of glossary terms follows ST2400A Programmer Manual H 1 SONET Glossary H 2 Add Drop Multiplexer ADM A multiplexer capable of extracting and inserting lower rate signals from a higher rate multiplexed signal without completely demultiplexing the signal AIS Alarm Indicating Signal A code sent downstream indicating an upstream failure has occurred SONET defines four categories of AIS Line AIS STS Path AIS VT Path AIS DSn AIS AMI Alternate Mark Inversion The line coding format in transmission systems where successive ones marks are alternatively inverted sent with polarity opposite that of the preceding mark ANSI American National Standards Institute A membership organization which develops U S industry standards and coordinates U S participation in the International Standards Organization ISO Asynchronous A network where transmission system payloads are not synchronized and each network terminal runs on its own clock Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM A multiplexing switching technique in which information is organized into fixed length cells with each cell consisting of an identification header field and an information field The transfer mode is asynchronous in the sense that the use of the cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate Attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss usually expressed in decibels Automatic Protection Switching APS The
106. lue of the current optical drop rate selected Example rx drop Response RX DROP 155 Note See the Receiver Drop Rate Set Command drop chan n Drop Channel Tributary Select Selects the tributary channel to drop Arguments n from to 4 if the drop rate is set to 622 Mb s n from 1 to 16 if the drop rate is set to 155 Mb s Example drop chan 5 Response NONE Note The receiver setup is independent of the transmitter setup 2 66 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET drop chan Drop Channel Tributary Query Returns the channel number of the tributary drop selected Example drop chan Response DROP CHAN 5 Note See the Drop Channel Tributary Select Command lof dur LOF duration APS counts Returns the Loss of Frame duration in milliseconds Example lof dur Response LOF DUR 1200 ms This condition is cleared everytime a new LOS event occurs or the RUN STOP key is pressed to start a new test los_dur LOS duration APS counts Returns the the Loss of Signal duration in milliseconds Example los dur Response LOF DUR 1200 ms This condition is cleared everytime a new LOS event occurs or the RUN STOP key is pressed to start a new test ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 67 Remote Commands SDH SONET Transmitter Remote Commands If a GPIB command is entered but the appropriate hardware for that command is not present in the ST2400A test set the command will not execute Certain comman
107. ly Severely Error Seconds Queries the total Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds for B1 errors Example bl_cses Return value 0 b2_cses B2 Consecutively Severely Error Seconds Queries the total Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds for B2 errors Example b2_cses Return value 0 b3_cses B3 Consecutively Severely Error Seconds Queries the total Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds for B3 errors Example b3_cses Return value 0 path_rei_cses Path REI Consecutively Severely Error Seconds Queries the total Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds for Path REI errors Example path_rei_cses Return value 0 tse_cses TSE Consecutively Severely Error Seconds Queries the total Consecutively Severely Errored Seconds for TSE errors Example tse_cses Return value 0 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 43 Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 esr B1 Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of STM n section BIP 8 code violation errored seconds counted in the received signal divided by the available time Example bl esr Response Bl ESR e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 b2 esr B2 Errored Seconds Ratio Query Returns the number of STM n line BIP 24 code violation errored seconds counted in the received signal divided by the available time Example bi esr Response B2 ES e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 b3 esr B3 Errored Seconds R
108. marizes the state of the three other bits in the SBR It is set to O if all other bits are 0 It will be set to 1 when any other bit in the SBR equals 1 and its corresponding bit in the SRER is set to one The status of the MSS bit is reevaluated each time a bit in the SBR or the Service Request Enable Register SRER changes ESB Event Status Bit This bit summarizes the Standard Event Status Register SESR It is set to O if all bits in the SESR are 0 It is set to 1 if any enabled bit in the SESR equals 1 If the ESB is enabled and set to 1 then the RQS and MSS bits will be set to 1 The status of the ESB bit is reevaluated each time one of the bits in the SESR or the Event Status Enable Register ESER changes 4 MAV Message Available This bit is set to 1 when there is an output available for the controller 3 TSB Test Status Bit This bit summaries the Test Status Register TSR It is set to 0 if all bits in the TSR are 0 It is set to 1 if any enabled bit in the TSR equals 1 If the TSB is enabled and set to 1 in SRER then the RQS and MSS bits will be set to 1 The status of the TSB bit is reevaluated each time one of the bits in the TSR or the Test Status Enable Register TSER changes Not defined NOTE When you use a serial poll to read the SBR bit 6 is the RQS bit When you use the STB query to read the SBR bit 6 is the MSS bit Service Request Enable Register The Service Request Enable Register SRER is the e
109. med measurement mode Example test mode timed Response NONE Note See the test time test time set command The timed test runs for the duration of time set by the test time command The repeat test runs for the duration of time set by the test time command test mode Test Mode Query Returns the current status of the test measurement mode Example test mode Response TEST MODE TIMED Note See the Test Mode Set Command ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 23 Remote Commands SDH SONET test print log prev current off Test Print Set Used to print or stop printing the test results Argument log prints the content of the error log S prev prints an end of test report at the end of the previous test interval current prints an end of test report from the current test interval off disables report printing Example test print off Response NONE test report log eot both off Test Report Set Enable or disable Test Report Type Argument log enable event log reports S eot enable end of test reports both enable both log and eot reports off disables reports Example test report both Response NONE test report Test Report Query Returns a character string indicating the report status Example test report Response TEST REPORT BOTH Note See the Test Report Set Command test squelch on off Test Squelch Set Enables or disables the Squelch Argument on 1 logs 10 consecut
110. ment For VXI instrument drivers e The instrument is installed in the VXI mainframe and one of the following controller options is being used Embedded controller MXI MXI2 GPIB VXI e The logical address supplied to the initialize function must match the logical address of the instrument For RS 232 instrument drivers e The instrument is connected to the RS 232 interface e The COM port baud rate parity and timeout supplied to the initialize function must match the settings of the instrument Diskette Contents See the Readme txt file on the diskette for a listing of files and installation instructions Installation Instructions See the Readme txt file on the diskette for a listing of files and installation instructions ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual A 1 LabView Viewing Documentation Complete documentation on how to use these instrument drivers is available from the software itself In LabView go to File Print Documentation In LabWindows Open the Function Tree Ctrl O From the Function Tree choose Options Generate Documentation This action will create a document labeled tks2400 doc This document describes each function in the instrument The functions are listed in alphabetical order with a description of the function C syntax of the function a description of each parameter and possible error codes A 2 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual LabWindows for ST2400A LabWindows is an instrumen
111. mple tx rel cnt 14 Response NONE Used with the burst argument of the tx rei ena command ix rei cnt Tx REI Errored Frames Count Query Returns the number of Line REI Signals set to be inserted in each frame Example tx rei cnt Response TX REI CNT 14 See the Tx REI Errored Frames Count Set Command ix rei secs n m Tx REI Duration Set Sets the duration of the Line REI Remote Error Indication insertion time in seconds Arguments n m is a decimal number from 0 1 to 9 9 seconds Example tx rei secs 3 9 Response NONE Notes The default value is 2 5 seconds Used with the timed argument of the tx rei ena command tx rei secs Tx REI Duration Query Returns the current settings for the Line REI duration in seconds Example tx rei secs Response TX REI SECS 3 9 Note See the Tx REI Duration Set Command 2 78 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET tx rei ena burst timed cont off Tx REI Enable Set Enables or disables the REI Remote Error Indication insertion event Arguments burst generates one single error event for a number of frames timed generates the event for the period set cont generates a continuous event off disables the event including continuous and burst Example tx_rei_ena off Response NONE Note The number of errored frames is set by the tx_rei_cnt command The duration of the timed event is set by the tx_rei_secs command tx_rei_ena Tx REI Enable Query Return
112. multiplex signal for recovering signals combined within it and for restoring the distinct individual channels of the signals An alphabetical list of glossary terms follows ST2400A Programmer Manual Gl SDH Glossary G 2 Add Drop Multiplexer ADM A multiplexer capable of extracting and inserting lower rate signals from a higher rate multiplexed signal without completely demultiplexing the signal Administrative Unit AU An Administrative Unit is the information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layer and the Multiplex Section layer The Virtual Container VC plus the pointers H1 H2 H3 bytes is called the Administrative Unit AU AIS Alarm Indicating Signal A code sent downstream indicating an upstream failure has occurred AMI Alternate Mark Inversion The line coding format in transmission systems where successive ones marks are alternatively inverted sent with polarity opposite that of the preceding mark Analog Jitter Out A signal that contains the demodulated jitter from a line or clock input ANSI American National Standards Institute A standards setting non government organization which develops and publishes standards for voluntary use in the United States Asynchronous A network where transmission system payloads are not synchronized and each network terminal runs on its own clock Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM A multiplexing switching technique in which
113. n line and path overhead bytes Example tx oh all Response TX OH ALL n b n b n b n b n b Note n the byte number from 0 to 39 and b the byte content in hexadecimal format such as 0 HF6 1 H28 etc tx oh def Transmit Overhead Default Sets the TOH transmit overhead bytes to factory default settings This command only affects the bytes which the user may edit Example tx oh def Response NONE Note The factory default settings are 0 for all TOH transmit overhead bytes except E1 and E2 which are set to 7F in hexadecimal format This command has no effect in an edit session see th_oh_edit 2 80 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual tx oh byte s Remote Commands SDH SONET Transmit Overhead Byte Query Returns the current value of the overhead byte s Example Response Note Clear text tx oh byte s TX OH BYTE s b s the byte clear text from Al to Z5 and b the byte content in hexadecimal format such as K2 4H22 TOH Section Sec and Line Overhead POH Bytes VT Bytes Bytes tx oh byte s b DE MI KB 2 D6 H4 J UJ LED SL iL D2 24 E Z5 Transmit Overhead Byte Set Sets the specified TOH byte to any hexadecimal number between 00 and FF Hex Example Response Note TOH Section Sec and Line Overhead Bytes Sec e De tx oh byte s b NONE s the byte clear text
114. nable register associated with the SBR status register defined above The SRER contains an enable bit for the ESB MAV and TSB bits in the SBR However there is no enable bit for the MSS or RQS bits which are always enabled ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands Remote Commands SDH SONET This chapter explains the general syntax of the ST2400A remote command language and defines all commands Command definitions are grouped by function In addition an alphabetical list of all ST2400A commands is provided with page references to individual command descriptions When using remote commands to set up mapping and channels it is possible to select an invalid mapping or channel Care must be taken to match the receiver mappings and channels to the ones available from the ST2400A receiver If a GPIB command is entered but the appropriate hardware for that command is not present in the ST2400A test set the command will not execute Certain commands are invalid in Transmitter only or Receiver only configurations Command Types and Syntax The ST2400A command set includes two basic types set and query The set commands are used to change current status values or states to start or stop a test for example While query commands ask the instrument to respond with the contents of a status register the value of a given setup parameter a measurement result or a current state Remote commands are directly related to setup paramet
115. nd had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the B2 indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the B2 LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle line ais Line Alarm Indicator Signal Query SONET Request the current state of the Alarm Indicator Signal LED Example Response Note line ais LINE AIS CLEAR The section AIS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the AIS LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the AIS indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the AIS LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle line_ferf Line FERF Query SONET Request the current state of the Far End Receiver Failure alarm LED Example Response Note line_ferf LINE_FERF CLEAR The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the FERF LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the FERF indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the FERF LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during
116. nds SDH SONET tx oh b write jOlel I fl dL kL d4 ml IslIc2le2 lall J eene terne nene trennen R p at EE re type bl1lb2lb3lpyld bit 1_febe or rei chan Set Repeat Error Type re type Repeat error Que ry i e ree cete eee sob vei rete enter diets re inject n m Repeat Error Inject re inject Repeat Error Inject Query re wait n m Repeat Error AWER O ERA E ERE E te wait Repeat Error Wait Query deed ec rere e ED e Eee epe un decere e EIE d PEE X SHEER estes re enable onloff Repeat Error Enable Set re enable Repeat Error Enable Query r eeererseeservenenevrvenenserveneneervenenservenenessvensnsersenenessvrnenenssrnenessssnensssernenensernenessersenenee PER RMS tetigit iei Snc d on Ra Eom RO e od E DH X GR 86 alm clear Alam Clear seh ure RP SKANNERE 86 alm enable burst multi timed I off alm enable Alarm Enable Query alm burst oof rdi I ais clr Adarim BUrst ix edet EN 87 alm burst Alarm Burst Query ey iia en eee ner en ER UO eec iro ER ARR cutee cvs ebeve isen 87 alm timed oof rdi I ais clr Alarm Timed Setzen beiden tutte 87 alm timed Alarm Tim d Query s deo tr ERREUR ER nn Dre ie a Rr ete re tatt 87 alarm multi oof rdi l ais clr alm multi Alarm Multiple Query alm count n Alarm Count alm count Alarm Count QUGEys x c5 eerie tee eere dde aede EA ere eee e Oe ech rire deitate E alin secs nim Alarm
117. nds Status Status Register Enable Register Enable Register Register Query Commands Standard ESR Event Status Se ESE Event Status Enable Register Register ESER SESR Commands Status Byte STB Service Request SRE SRE Register Enable SBR Register SRER Test Status TSR Test Status TSE Register Enable Register TSR TSER e The CLS command to clear reset the SES the TSR and return the instrument to the Operation Complete Command Idle State and the Operation Complete Query Idle State In this state the instrument has no data in its input or output buffers and is not executing a command e The ESR query command also clears resets to zero the SESR status register e The TSR query command also clears resets to zero the TSR status register ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 1 11 External Controllers and Printers Standard Event Status Register The Standard Event Status Register SESR is a status register that indicates errors in command syntax and related occurrences The name of each bit in the SESR is shown below Standard Event Status Register SESR 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC The function of each bit in the SESR is defined below SESR Bit Definitions Bit Defintion PON Power On Set to one when the instrument is first powered on MSB 16 URQ User Request Not used CME Command Error Set to one when a command header mnemoni
118. ng the current test cycle sts oof STSn Out Of Frame Query SONET Request the current state of the OOF indicator Example sts oof Response SIS OOF CLEAR Note The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the OOF LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the OOF indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the OOF LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle sect b1 Section B1 Query SONET Request the current state of the section B1 byte indicator Example sect bl Response SECT B1 CLEAR Note The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the B1 LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the B1 indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the B1 LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 55 Remote Commands SDH SONET line b2 Line B2 Query SONET Request the current state of the line B2 byte indicator LED Example Response Note line b2 LINE b2 CLEAR The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the B2 LED is now off a
119. now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the LOF indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the LOF LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 57 Remote Commands SDH SONET rs oof Regeneration Section Out Of Frame Query Request the current state of the OOF indicator Example rs oof Response RS OOF CLEAR Note The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the OOF LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the OOF indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the OOF LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle rs b1 Regeneration Section B1 Query Request the current state of the section B1 byte indicator Example rs bl Response RS B1 CLEAR Note The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the B1 LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the B1 indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the B1 LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query
120. ns counted during available time Example ee abbe Response tse ABBE c c counted background blocks in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 49 Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 aes B1 Available Time Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of STM n section BIP 8 code violation errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example bl aes Response Bl AES c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 b2 aes B2 Available Time Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of STM n line BIP 24 code violation errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example b2 aes Response B2 AES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 b3 aes B3 Available Time Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of B3 errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example b3 aes Response B3 AES c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 path rei aes Path REI Available Time Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example path rei aes Response Path REI AES c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 ise aes TSE Available Time Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of errored seconds counted in the received signal during
121. nt Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see path rei ses ise bber TSE Background Block Error Ratio Returns the ratio of TSE errored blocks that occurred outside the SES Example tse eb Response tse BBE e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see tse ses 2 40 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 es B1 Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of STM n section BIP 8 code violation errored seconds counted in the received signal Example bl es Response Bl ES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 b2 es B2 Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of STM n line BIP 24 code violation errored seconds counted in the received signal Example bi es Response B2 ES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 b3 es B3 Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of B3errored seconds counted in the received signal Example b3 es Response B3 ES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 path rei es Path REI Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of Path REI errored seconds counted in the received signal Example path rei es Response Path REI ES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 ise es TSE Errored Seconds Query Returns the number of TSE errored seconds counted in the received signal Example tse es Response tse ES c c 2 counted s
122. omplished by combining or interleaving multiple lower order signals 1 5 Mbit s 2 Mbit s etc into higher speed circuits 51 Mbit s 155 Mbit s etc By changing the SONET standard from bit interleaving to byte interleaving it became possible for SDH to accommodate both transmission hierarchies This modification allows an STM 1 signal to carry multiple 1 5 Mbit s or 2 Mbit s signals and multiple STM signals to be aggregated to carry higher orders of SONET or SDH tributaries ST2400A Programmer Manual SDH Glossary amp ITU T Standards Three sets of terms are arranged at the beginning of this section because it is important to see that they are not equivalent terms which is how they get used in normal discussions They are Add Drop The process where a part of the information carried in a transmission system is extracted dropped at an intermediate point and different information is inserted added for subsequent transmission The remaining traffic passes straight through the multiplexer without additional processing Map Demap A term for multiplexing implying more visibility inside the resultant multiplexed bit stream than available with conventional asynchronous techniques Multiplex Demultiplex Multiplex MUX To transmit two or more signals over a single channel Demultiplex DEMUX To separate two or more signals previously combined by compatible multiplexing equipment Demultiplexing A process applied to a
123. orresponding event or status does not occur However if it is enabled the value of a status bit will be set to one true when the corresponding event or status occurs Status bits are latched once a status bit is set to one and will remain in this state even when the corresponding event or status becomes false until the bit is reset by a command or when the ST2400A is powered off ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual External Controllers and Printers Each status register has an associated enable register Moreover each defined bit in a status register has a corresponding defined bit in the associated enable register When an enable bit is set to zero then the corresponding status bit is ignored by the instrument regardless of the state of the relevant event or instrument status However when an enable bit is set to one the corresponding status bit is enabled GPIB Commands The contents of any ST2400A status or enable register can be read by an external controller using the appropriate query command The contents of any enable register can be set to a particular value using the appropriate set command The contents of the SESR register or the TSR register can be cleared using the Clear Status CLS command The SESR and the TSR are automatically cleared reset after being queried The correspondence between ST2400A status registers enable registers and commands is summarized below Status Registers Enable Registers and Related Comma
124. ot available for the tx laser pow command ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 69 Remote Commands SDH SONET tx laser Queries operation OFF ON CW setting for the specified LASER Module Example tx laser 1 Response CW Note ON indicates that the transmitter laser is enabled with modulation OFF indicates that the transmitter laser is disabled CW indicates that the transmitter laser is enabled without modulation The Transmitter setup is independent of the Receiver setup Note tx_laser is an equivalent command for tx_laser laser tx_laser is recommended for the ST2400A test unit Only use tx_laser_pow for backward compatibility with older ST2400 test units The CW choice is not available for the tx_laser_pow command tx_laser_info laser Queries the selected laser if the selected laser is installed and displays a detailed description in the following format board_type rev_level options cal_date Example tx_laser_info 1 Return Value 0x10 Al 1 06 01 98 tx_laser_pow on off Sets the laser selected by the tx_wavelen command to ON or OFF Example tx_laser_pow on Response NONE Note The Transmitter setup is independent of the Receiver setup Note tx_laser and tx_laser_pow are equivalent commands tx_laser is recommended for the ST2400A test tx_laser_pow Queries operation of laser selected by the tx_wavelen command Example tx_laser_pow Response TX LASER POW ON Note ON indicates that
125. ow as Standards Conformance Tests are predefined tests that measure the impact of jitter or wander on networks or network elements They are defined in the ITU T Recommendations Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC A technique for using overhead bits to detect transmission errors Data Communications Channel DCC Data channels in SDH that enable OAM communications between intelligent controllers and individual network nodes as well as inter node communications dB The symbol for decibels dBm The symbol for power level in decibels relative to I mW Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function Persistence of a defect can cause a failure Digital Cross connect DCS An electronic cross connect which has access to lower rate channels in higher ST2400A Programmer Manual SDH Glossary rate multiplexed signals and can electronically rearrange cross connect those channels Digital Signal An electrical or optical signal that varies in discrete steps Electrical signals are coded as voltages optical signals are coded as pulses of light E1 E2 E3 E4 Alternative names for the ITU T 2 Mb s 8 Mb s 32 Mb s and 140 Mb s tributary signals ES Errored Second measure of network or equipment performance ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute Organization responsible for defining and maintaining European standards including SDH Failure A termination of the ability of an
126. p multiplexer broadband digital cross connect wideband digital cross connect digital loop carrier and switch interface Any device which is part of a SONET transmission path and serves one or more of the section line and path terminating functions OAM Operations Administration and Maintenance Also called OAM amp P OAM amp P Operations Administration Maintenance and Provisioning Provides the facilities and personnel required to manage a network OC 1 Optical Carrier Level 1 The optical equivalent of an STS 1 signal OC n Optical Carrier Level n The optical equivalent of an STS n signal Orderwire A channel used by installers to expedite the provisioning of lines OS Operations System Sophisticated applications software that overlooks the entire network ST2400A Programmer Manual SONET Glossary OSI Seven layer Model standard architecture for data communications Layers define hardware and software required for multi vendor information processing equipment to be mutually compatible The seven layers from lowest to highest are physical link network transport session presentation and application Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic signals Orderwire for example would be considered overhead information Packet Switching An efficient method for breaking down and handling high volume traffic in a network A transmission technique that segm
127. ps The number of bits passing a point every second The transmission rate for digital information Broadband Services requiring 50 600 Mb s transport capacity Byte interleaved Bytes from each STS 1 are placed in sequence in a multiplexed or concatenated STS N signal For example for an STS 3 the sequence of bytes from contributing STS 1s is 1 2 3 1 2 3 Byte synchronous A way of mapping payload into virtual tributaries that synchronizes all inputs into the VTs captures framing information and allows access to subrate channels carried in each input For example byte synchronous mapping of a channeled DS1 into a VT1 5 provides direct access to the DSO channels carried by the DS1 CCITT The technical organs of the United Nations specialized agency for telecommunications now the International Telecommunications Union They ST2400A Programmer Manual H 3 SONET Glossary H 4 function through international committees of telephone administrations and private operating agencies CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations The CEPT format defines the 2 048 Mb s European T1 E1 signal made up of 32 voice frequency channels Channel The smallest subdivision of a circuit that provides a type of communication service usually a path with only one direction Circuit A communications path or network usually a pair of channels providing bi directional communication Circuit Switching Bas
128. r Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET tx wavelen 1310 1550 Sets the laser wavelength on older ST2400 units or the closest laser matching the chosen wavelength on newer ST2400A units Example tx_wavelen 1550 Argument tx_wavelen 1550 tx_wavelen 1310 Note If the wavelength chosen does not match the laser the setting will default to a wavelength that does exist tx_laser_wl is recommended for the ST2400A test set tx_wavelen Queries the laser wavelength on older ST2400 units or the closest laser matching the chosen wavelength on newer ST2400A units Example tx_wavelen Response Valid response values 1310 1550 Note tx_wavelen and tx_laser_wl are equivalent commands Tx_laser_wl is recommended for the ST2400A test set ix wl offset laser 50 to 49 Sets the wavelength offset for the specified laser module Range is 50 to 49 Example tx wl offset 1 49 ix wl offset Queries wavelength offset setting for the specified laser module Example tx wl offset 1 Return Value 50 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 73 Remote Commands SDH SONET External tributary insertion channel commands tx trib mode single all TX Mode Select Selects the multiplex mode that will be used for the 2 4 Gb s signal Arguments single will insert the 155 Mb s tributary selected into the into the channel specified by the tx trib chan command all will insert the 155 Mb s tributary selected into all 16 or the 622 Mb s tributary
129. r On Settings When powered on the ST2400A will automatically restore all device settings to their last powered settings No remote commands will affect this power on rule However if the instrument detects a problem in non volatile battery backed RAM at power up then factory default settings will be restored rather than the last powered settings A RAM problem at power up will be indicated in the LCD display by the message RAM Corruption ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 1 7 External Controllers and Printers 1 8 Message Exchange The GPIB message exchange characteristics are as follows The input buffer is command line oriented new buffer is provided for each new command line Each command line may contain a maximum of 80 characters The only ST2400A commands that can return more than one message unit are Im oh all oh err all Command responses are generated immediately The ST2400A will not wait for a read command before generating a response to a query command No commands are coupled IEEE Functional Elements All functional elements GPIB Message Types from the IEEE 488 2 1987 standard that are supported in ST2400A GPIB interface are listed below For more information refer to your computer or controller documentation and the IEEE 488 2 1987 standard Sections 4 3 7 1 1 7 3 3 and tables 4 2 4 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 lt PROGRAM MESSAGE gt lt PROGRAM MESSAGE TE
130. re numbered 7 to 0 left to right However the SONET standard labels bits 1 to 8 left to right In either case the MSB is the left most binary bit and the LSB is the right most binary bit ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 13 Remote Commands SDH SONET sre Service Request Enable Query Returns the content of the Service Request Enable Register SRER Example sre Response SRE n n a decimal number between 0 and 255 Note decimal 255 indicates the register is set to 11111111 binary stb Status Byte Query Returns the content of the Status Byte Register SBR Example stb Response STB n n a decimal number between 0 and 255 Note decimal 255 indicates the register is set to 11111111 binary tst Self Test Initiates a self test and returns the results Example tst Response TST 0 Note A result of 0 zero indicates a successful completion of self test Any other result would indicate a failure wai Wait Stop processing any additional commands until all pending operations are completed Example wai Response NONE audio vol n Audio Volume Set command Sets the audio volume of the internal speaker Example audio vol n n a decimal integer from 0 to 9 Response NONE Note 0 off 1 minimum and 9 maximum volume audio_vol Audio Volume Query Returns a decimal integer from 0 to 9 reflecting current audio volume Example audio vol Response AUDIO VOL n Note n a decima
131. rompt Linefeed Bet rs pmt If RS 232 Prompt Linefeed Query rs prompt s RS 232 prompt command rs von xoff on I off RS 232C Flow Control Set i vats rs_xon_xoff RS2232E Flow Control IEN dd Ee ee dE ea ee enter ire ederet eta GENERAL SETUP COMMANDS citnn atria ink tas umni qusc wc ncn wei RAE EC a du RENE CER 20 date yy yy y mm dd Date Set acs 2 25 eere tee ee ERE EE dh me e EU ere edet 20 date Date Query see eee te oie e ett tels 20 quick setup n Quick Setup Only valid in Transceivers essere tenente tenens 20 save setup n Save Setup ie recall set p n Recall Setup eee eet dpi i tee e br ee eee en 20 stored Stored Setup Query ereescht nen 21 tme Jht mal Time Clock Quety ottiene tee pe t ate OR er ce eite theta 21 time hh mm ss Internal Time Clock EE 21 tse Test Status Enable Register Set is reete eite e on c e e ere de HUE 21 tse Test Status Enable Register Query EEN 21 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 5 Remote Commands SDH SONET tsr Test Stats Register Query eene ehe rti e ettet e e deese nd 21 view angle Front panel View Angle Query ENEE 22 view angle n Front panel View Angle Set ENEE 22 TEST CYCLE CONTROL COMMANDS nnnernvnennnnvnvnnnnennnnenvnnnnnnnnnenennnnnnnnnenennennnnnnennenennnnener log print Print Error Log Execute eee eec diese ies tei dende deretter elap t
132. rror Ratio Ratio of number of errors detected to the number of bits monitored for errors since testing was started or restarted Computed only for B1 B2 errors Not computed for MS REI errors ES Errored Seconds Number of seconds since testing was started or restarted in which one or more errors were detected SES Severely Errored Seconds Number of seconds since testing was started or restarted in which the number of detected errors exceeded the severely errored second threshold or in which a relevant defect was detected Relevant defects are LOS all SES LOF all SES MS AIS B2 and MS REI SES only and MS RDI MS REI SES only SES threshold is currently set to 30 of the blocks SDH frames per second for B1 B2 and MS REI errors Thresholds follow G 826 recommendation but do not conform to draft new recommendation G epmrs Error Performance Events for SDH Multiplex and Regenerator Sections which recommend 30 threshold for B1 errors but 15 threshold for B2 and MS REI errors CSES Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds Count of Consecutive Severely Errored Second periods A CSES period is defined as a period of more than 2 but less than 10 consecutive SES EB Errored Blocks The number of SDH frames in which one or more errors of the selected type were detected since testing was started or restarted SDH frames occur at a rate of 8000 per second Per ITU T G 826 Errored Blocks should count one EB for each frame
133. rror rate settings Example tx err rate Response TX ERR RATE x yE z Note See the Error Rate Generator Range Set Command tx err ena b1 b2 b3 pyld bit tse bit chan off Error Rate Injection Enable Enables or disables error rate insertion Arguments bl generates bl errors at the current rate setting b2 Inject a B2 error rate on all payload channels in rotation b3 Inject the error rate into the selected channel pyld bit Inject the error rate into the selected channel chan generates channel errors at the current rate setting off disables the error that are being generated at the current rate Example tx err ena b2 Response NONE Notes The current rate was set by the Error Rate Generator Range Set Command tx err ena Error Rate Injection Enable Query Returns the status of the Error Rate Injection Enable Command Example tx err ena Response TX ERR ENA BI Notes The current status can be b1 b2 b3 tse pyld bit chan or off 2 76 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET ix febe cnt n Tx Line FEBE Errored Frames Count Set SONET Sets the number n of Line FEBEs to be inserted per frame Arguments nis a number from 1 to 255 Example tx febe cnt 14 Response NONE Note Used with the burst argument of the tx febe ena command ix febe cnt Tx FEBE Errored Frames Count Query SONET Returns the number of Line FEBE Signals set to be inserted in each frame Example tx febe cnt
134. rsion and software date Example logo Response TEKTRONIX MICROWAVE LOGIC ST2400A v vv yyyy mm dd Note v vv will be replaced by the software version number yyyy mm dd will be replaced by the software date options Options Query command Returns one or more character strings indicating which options are installed Example options Response OPTIONS RX 1310 RX 1550 TX 1310 Note The response indicates that the receiver can receive both the 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelength and that the 1310 nm transmitter is installed print port parallel serial Print Port Select Sets the default printer port to parallel or serial Example print port parallel Response NONE Note Sets the default printer port can be set to parallel or serial print port Print Port Query Returns the current printer port setting Example print port Response PRINT PORT PARALLEL Note The default printer port can be set to parallel or serial print string s Print String command Prints the string s out the current printer port Example print string This is a test Response This is a test Note The character string s can be up to 80 eighty characters long It begins and ends with quotation marks ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 17 Remote Commands SDH SONET rs echo on off RS 232C Echo Control Enables or disables the echo on the RS 232C port Argument When the echo is on the ST2400A will echo back each ASCII S charac
135. s a technique used to synchronize asynchronous signals to a common rate before multiplexing Bits per second bit s The number of bits passing a point every second The transmission rate for digital information ST2400A Programmer Manual G3 SDH Glossary G4 Broadband Services requiring over 2 Mbit s transport capacity CCITT See ITU Channel The smallest subdivision of a circuit that provides a type of communication service usually a path with only one direction Circuit A communications path or network usually a pair of channels providing bi directional communication Circuit Switching Basic switching process whereby a circuit between two users is opened on demand and maintained for their exclusive use for the duration of the transmission Coding Violation CV A transmission error detected by the difference between the transmitted line code and that expected at the receive end by the logical coding rules Concatenation The linking together of various data structures for example two channels joined to form a single channel In SDH a number M of TUs can be linked together to produce a concatenated container M times the size of the TU An example of this is the concatenation of five TU 2s to carry a 32 Mbit s video signal known as VC 2 5c Once assembled any concatenated VC structure is multiplexed switched and transported through the network as a single entity Conformance Tests Conformance Tests also kn
136. s the network for transport of new services synchronous networking and enhanced OAM amp P Stratum Level of clock source used to categorize accuracy Superframe Any structure made of multiple frames SONET recognizes superframes at the DS1 level D4 and extended superframe and at the VT 500u STS superframes ST2400A Programmer Manual SONET Glossary Synchronous network where transmission system payloads are synchronized to a master network clock and traced to a reference clock Synchronous Transfer Module STM A measure of the SDH transmission hierarchy STM 1 is SDH s base level transmission rate equal to 155 Mb s Higher rates of STM 4 STM 16 and STM 48 are also defined SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope The major portion of the SONET frame format used to transport payload and STS path overhead A SONET structure that carries the payload service in a SONET frame or virtual tributary The STS SPE may begin anywhere in the frame s payload envelope The VT SPE may begin anywhere in a floating mode VT but begins at a fixed location in a locked mode VT STS Path Overhead STS POH Nine evenly distributed Path Overhead bytes per 125 microseconds starting at the first byte of the STS SPE STS POH provides for communication between the point of creation of an STS SPE and its point of disassembly STS Path Remote Defect Indication RDI P A signal returned to the transmitting STS Path Terminating Equipment PTE
137. s the current status REI insertion event Example tx_rei_ena off Response TX REI ENA OFF Note See the Tx REI Enable Set Command ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 79 Remote Commands SDH SONET TOH Edit and Query Commands The Transport Overhead edit commands tx oh byte tx oh offset tx oh pass and tx oh write can only be used after the tx oh edit on command Either the tx oh edit enter or tx oh edit esc command should be used to end the editing session with or without saving Query commands can be used independently MO is the first Z2 byte and is defined only for STS 1s SONET The ST2400 allows the first Z2 byte to be displayed The displayed Z2 byte is the MO byte for an STS 1 in Channel 1 tx oh edit on esc enter TX Overhead Edit This command is used to start and end with or without saving the changes the TOH editing session Arguments on starts the editing session esc ends the editing session without saving any changes enter saves all changes and ends the edition session Example tx_oh_edit on Response NONE Note This command enables and disables the use of the following commands tx_oh_byte tx_oh_offset tx_oh_pass and tx_oh_write tx_oh_edit TX Overhead Query Returns status of the TOH editing session Example tx_oh_edit Response TX OH EDIT ON Note The editing session can be either ON or OFF ix oh all Transmit Overhead All Query Returns 36 overhead bytes that include all sectio
138. t SDB sunset itt ee tete Eeler sts febe err FEBE Total Error Count SONET bl ber Bl Bit Error Rate Query b2 ber B2 Bit Error Rate Query b3 ber B3 Bit Error Rate Query path rei ber Path REI Bit Error Rate Query SDH amp SONET sess eenetnte tente tenente tenentes pb ber Pattern Bit Bit Error Rate Query SONET esnenesvsnnenevesrnenesesrneneseseneneseseneneseseneneneseneneneseneneneserenenevereneneserenener ise bei TSEBit Error Rate Query SDH eretier Aeddi RS B1 MS B2 and MS REI Error Data Query Commands G 826 and M 2101 Measurements in SDH Mode s bloeb Bl BrroredBlock Count nov erre ctr reet e e RE EE Te TENE ERE RS b2 eb B2 Errored Block Count usual b3 eb B3 Brrored Block CoUft oerte sos seve et e de EEN path rei eb Path REL Errored Block Count henseende tse eb TSE Errored Block Count bl bbe B1 Background Block Error Count b2 bbe B2 Background Block Error Count b3 bbe B3 Background Block Error Count path_rei_bbe Path REI Background Block Error Count tse_bbe TSE Background Block Error Count bl bber B1 Background Block Error Ratio b2 bber B2 Background Block Error Ratio b3 bber B3 Background Block Error Ratio path rei bber Path REI Background Block Error Ratio tse bber TSE Background Block Error Ratio ENEE bl es BT Errored Seconds Query munner ne ie do eere LA eee etae enken b2 es B2 Birored Seconds Quer
139. t driver providing programming support for the ST2400A test set This instrument driver contains functions for opening configuring taking measurements from and closing the instrument in field and lab environments Requirements to use LabWindows To successfully use this module the following conditions must be met For GPIB instrument drivers e The instrument is connected to the GPIB interface e The GPIB address supplied to initialize function must match the GPIB address of the instrument For VXI instrument drivers e The instrument is installed in the VXI mainframe and one of the following controller options is being used Embedded controller MXI MXI2 GPIB VXI e The logical address supplied to the initialize function must match the logical address of the instrument For RS 232 instrument drivers e The instrument is connected to the RS 232 interface e The COM port baud rate parity and timeout supplied to the initialize function must match the settings of the instrument Diskette Contents See the Readme txt file on the diskette for a listing of files and installation instructions Installation Instructions See the Readme txt file on the diskette for a listing of files and installation instructions ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual B 1 LabWindows Viewing Documentation Complete documentation on how to use these instrument drivers is available from the software itself In LabView go to File Print Do
140. t occurred outside the SES Example path rei eb Response Path REI BBE c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see path rei ses ise bbe TSE Background Block Error Count Returns the number of TSE errored blocks counted that occurred outside the SES Example tse eb Response tse BBE c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see tse ses ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 39 Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 bber B1 Background Block Error Ratio Returns the ratio of bl errored blocks that occurred outside the SES Example bl bbe Response Bl BBE e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see bl ses b2 bber B2 Background Block Error Ratio Returns the ratio of b2 errored blocks that occurred outside the SES Example bi bbe b2 background block errors Response B2 BBE e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see b2 ses b3 bber B3 Background Block Error Ratio Returns the ratio of b32 errored blocks that occurred outside the SES Example b3 bbe b2 background block errors Response B3 BBE e e expressed as a negative exponent Note Conforms to ITU G 826 Also see b3 ses path rei bber Path REI Background Block Error Ratio Returns the ratio of path rei errored blocks that occurred outside the SES Example path rei eb Response Path REI BBE e e expressed as a negative expone
141. ter sent to the RS 232C port Full Duplex mode When the echo is off the ST2400A will NOT echo back ASCII characters sent to the RS 232C port Half Duplex mode Example rs echo on Response NONE rs echo RS 232 Echo Control Returns a character string that indicates whether the echo control is enabled or disabled Example rs echo Response RS ECHO ON Note Indicates that the echo control is enable Full Duplex Mode The response OFF would indicate that the echo control was disable Half Duplex Mode rs pmt If on off RS 232C Prompt Linefeed Set Enables or disables the current RS 232C EOL end of line terminator Example rs pmt lf on Response NONE Note The current EOL can be set to CR LF CR LF or LF CR rs pmt If RS 232 Prompt Linefeed Query Returns a character string that indicates the current RS 232C EOL end of line terminator status Example rs pmt lf Response RS PMT LF ON Note The current EOL can be on enabled or off disabled Its value is unknown It may be set to CR LF CR LF or LF CR using the quick setup menu rs prompt s RS 232 prompt command Set the character string s on the RS 232C prompt Example rs prompt ST2400A Unit A gt Response ST2400A Unit A Note The character string s will be at the start of each new line Quotation marks must be used before and after the character string and the string is limited to 12 characters in length 2 18 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual
142. the available time Example ee aes Response tse AES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 2 50 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET b1 ases B1 Available Time Severely Errored Seconds Returns the number of STM n section BIP 8 code violation severely errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example bl ases Response Bl ASES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 b2 ases B2 Available Time Severely Errored Seconds Returns the number of STM n line BIP 24 code violation severely errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example bi ases Response B2 ASES c c counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 b3 ases B3 Available Time Severely Errored Seconds Returns the number of B3 severely errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example b3 ases Response B3 ASES c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 path rei ases Path REI Available Time Severely Errored Seconds Returns the number of Path REI severely errored seconds counted in the received signal during the available time Example path rei ases Response Path REI ASES c c 2 counted seconds in decimal Note Conforms to ITU G 2101 tse ases TSE Available Time Severely Errored Seconds Returns the number of
143. the current test cycle ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET line febe Line FEBE Query SONET Request the current state of the Far End Block Error alarm LED Example line febe Response LINE FEBE CLEAR Note The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the FEBE LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the FEBE indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the FEBE LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle rs los Regeneration Section Loss Signal Query Request the current state of the LOS indicator Example rs los Response RS LOS CLEAR Notes The section LOS indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the LOS LED is now off and had been off during the current test cycle CUR current indicates that the LOS indicator is either on or had been on since last queried during the current test cycle HIST history indicates that the LOS LED is off but had been on during some period before the last query during the current test cycle rs lof Regeneration Section Loss Frame Query Request the current state of the LOF indicator Example rs lof Response RS LOF CLEAR Note The section LOF indicator can be in one of three states CLEAR indicates that the LOF LED is
144. the instrument to the local mode Local Lock Out GPIB controllers can also put the ST2400A into the local lock out mode The LLO LED left side corner of front panel indicates whether the ST2400A is in the local lock out mode LED on or not LED off In the LLO mode like the REMOTE mode the front panel is disabled However unlike the REMOTE mode there is no key that can disable the LLO mode Instead you must issue the appropriate GPIB command or power off and then on the ST2400A ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual External Controllers and Printers GPIB Interface Functions The ST2400A is configured as a GPIB talker listener It does not provide any controller functions The following table lists the GPIB functions described in the IEEE Std 488 2 1987 that are supported by the ST2400A GPIB Interface Functions Implementation Subset Basic talker serial poll no talk only unaddressed if addressed to listen no extended talker L4 Basic listener no listen only unaddressed if addressed to talk no extended fl listener PPO No parallel poll capability GPIB Connector An IEEE 488 2 standard GPIB connector is provided for GPIB communication GPIB Command Format Most remote commands are the same for both the GPIB and RS 232C ports IEEE 488 2 Programming Manual Requirements This section explains how the ST2400A implements certain standard GPIB functions as required by IEEE Std 488 2 1987 Powe
145. ti generates continuous alarm events timed generates a timed alarm set by the alm secs command off stops all alarms events including continuous and burst Example alm_enable burst Response NONE Note Alarm events include all continuous alarm conditions and current burst alarm conditions if the burst is in progress alm_enable Alarm Enable Query Returns the status of the alarm condition set by the Alarm Enable Set Command Example alm_enable Response ALM ENABLE MULTI Note See the Alm Enable Set Command 2 86 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET alm burst oof rdi I ais clr Alarm Burst Specifies which alarm condition will be generated when the alarm enable is set to burst Argument oof Out Of Frame rdi inserts a Remote Defect Indication I ais Line Alarm Indication Signal clr clears the burst alarm condition Example alm_burst oof Response NONE Note Only one alarm condition at a time can be generated in the burst mode See the alm_enable command alm_burst Alarm Burst Query Returns the status of the alarms set by the Alarm Burst Set Command Example alm_burst Response ALM_BURST OOF Note Only one alarm condition at a time can be generated in the burst mode See the alm_enable command alm timed oof rdi l ais clr Alarm Timed Set Specifies which alarm condition will be generated when the alarm mode is set to timed Argument oof Out Of Frame rdi inserts a remote d
146. tion Out Of Frame Query ENEE rs bl Regeneration Section B1 Query eee eet rre tete E pe tret dette E EE endo msb2 Multiplexer Section BZ Query gees edel dri te e eae ms ais Multiplexer Section Alarm Indicator Signal Query EEN ms rdi Multiplexer Section Remote Defect Indication Query Cmd ms rei Multiplexer Section Remote Error Indicator Query path ais Path AIS Alarm Status eene P ity path lop Path LOP Alarm Status i cese e eee PARE ee eli ena ee il path_rdi Path RDI Alarm Status ce kaserne brer sri TOH Transport Overhead Bytes sssessessvevevesensevenesensenenenenseneneneensnenensssenenenenseneneneensnenensssenenenenseneneneenenenenssseneneseenensnensssenenesee rx oh all Receive Overhead All Query rx oh byte s Receive Overhead Byte Query rx oh offset n Receive Overhead Offset Query JO Capture and Access Remote Control Implementation ENEE 63 JO JE Trace Capture amp Display RX saa eet Ee Bret tette ette tee lane ee et esl 63 JO Generation Remote Control Implementation ENEE 64 Automatic Protection Switching APS Data esesesesesesesesesenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenene rx aps byte Receiver APS Bytes Query Receiver Drop Commands RRRRR rx drop off I 155 1622 Receiver Drop Rate Set eee oe e ide ca eme eee otl IX drop Receiver Drop Rat
147. tion mechanisms When this situation occurs an RFI is sent to the far end and will initiate a protection switch if this function has been enabled Regenerator Device that restores a degraded digital signal for continued transmission also called a repeater SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy The CCITT defined world standard of synchronization whose base transmission level is 52 Mb s STM O and is equivalent to SONET s STS 1 or OC 1 transmission rate SDH standards were published in 1989 to address interworking between the CCITT ITU and ANSI transmission hierarchies Section The span between two SONET network elements capable of accessing generating and processing only SONET Section overhead This is the lowest layer of the SONET protocol stack with overhead Section Overhead Nine bytes of overhead accessed generated and processed by section terminating equipment This overhead supports functions such as framing the signal and performance monitoring Section Terminating Equipment STE Equipment that terminates the SONET Section layer STE interprets and modifies or creates the Section Overhead Slip An overflow deletion or underflow repetition of one frame of a signal in a receiving buffer SONET Synchronous Optical Network A standard for optical transport that defines optical carrier levels and their electrically equivalent synchronous transport signals SONET allows for a multi vendor environment and position
148. tween 0 and 255 Note decimal 255 indicates the register is set to 11111111 binary ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 21 Remote Commands SDH SONET view angle Front panel View Angle Query Returns a decimal integer that indicates the display angle of view Example view angle Response VIEW ANGLE 2 Note View angle is an integer from 0 to 7 Zero should be the best view angle when the ST2400A is positioned below the operator view angle n Front panel View Angle Set Sets the view angle to an integer from 0 to 7 decimal Example view angle I Response NONE Note View angle is an integer from 0 to 7 Zero should be the best view angle when the ST2400A is positioned below the operator 2 22 ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Remote Commands SDH SONET Test Cycle Control Commands log print Print Error Log Execute Prints all error log reports stored in the non volatile memory Error Log Example log print Response NONE elap time Elapsed Test Cycle Time Query Returns the number of elapsed seconds in the current Test Cycle Example elap time Response ELAP TIME 120 Note Returns the total duration of the last completed Test Cycle when no Test Cycle is currently running between Test Cycles test mode untimed timed repeat Test Mode Set Sets the test measurement mode Argument untimed sets the continuous measurement mode S timed sets the timed measurement mode repeat sets the repeat ti
149. ve was how to efficiently accommodate both the 1 5 Mbit s and the 2 Mbit s non synchronous hierarchies in a single network standard The agreement reached specified a basic transmission rate of 51 Mbit s for SONET and a basic rate of 155 Mbit s for SDH Synchronous and Non synchronous line rates and the relationships between each are shown in the two tables that follow Table D 1 SONET SDH Hierarchies SONET Bit Rate SONET SDH Capacity Capacity STS 1 OC 1 51 84 Mbit s STM 0 28 DS1 or 1 DS3 21 E1 STS 3 OC 3 155 52 Mbit s STM 1 84 DS1 or 63 E1 or 1 E4 3 DS3 12 DS3 48 DS3 16 E4 192 DS3 64 E4 Note Although an SDH STM 1 has the same bit rate as the SONET STS 3 the two signals contain different frame structures STM Synchronous Transport Module ITU T STS Synchronous Transport Signal ANSI OC Optical Carrier ANSI Table D 2 Non Synchronous Hierarchies ANSI Rate ITU Rate Rate 64 kbit s 1 DSO 64 kbit s 64 kbit s 64 kbit s ST2400A Programmer Manual EI SONET for Reference SONET and SDH Hierarchies E2 SONET and SDH converge at SDH s 155 Mbit s base level defined as STM 1 or Synchronous Transport Module 1 The base level for SONET is STS 1 or OC 1 and is equivalent to 51 84 Mbit s Thus SDH s STM 1 is equivalent to SONET s STS 3 3 x 51 84 Mbit s 2 155 5 Mbit s Higher SDH rates of STM 4 622 Mbit s STM 16 2 4 Gbit s and STM 64 10 Gbit s have also been defined Multiplexing is acc
150. w tek com ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual U S A Africa Asia Australia Central amp South America Japan Tektronix Inc P O Box 500 Beaverton Oregon 97077 0001 For additional literature or the address and phone number of the Tektronix Sales Office or Representative nearest you contact 800 426 2200 Belgium Brusells Phone 32 2 725 96 10 Fax 32 2 725 99 53 Canada Calgary Phone 403 274 2691 Fax 403 274 3483 Denmark Copenhagen Phone 45 44 850 700 Fax 45 44 850 701 Eastern Europe Middle East and Austria Tektronix Ges m b H Triester Strasse 14 A 2351 Wiener Neudorf Austria Phone 43 2236 8092 0 Fax 43 2236 8092 200 Finland Helsinki Phone 358 4783 400 Fax 358 47834 200 France and North Africa Tektronix S A ZAC Courtaboeuf 4 Av du Canada B P 13 91941 Les Ulis Cedex France Phone 33 1 69 86 81 81 Fax 33 1 69 07 09 37 Germany Cologne Phone 49 221 94770 Fax 49 221 9477 200 Italy Milan Phone 39 2 25 0861 Fax 39 2 25 086 400 Japan Tokyo Phone 81 3 3448 3111 Fax 81 3 3444 3661 The Netherlands Hoofddorp Phone 31 23 069 5555 Fax 31 23 569 5500 Norway Oslo Phone 47 22 07 0700 Fax 47 22 07 0707 Spain Madrid Phone 34 1 372 6000 Fax 34 1 372 6049 Sweden Stockholm Phone 46 8 629 6500 Fax 46 8 629 6540 Switzerland Zug Phone 41 42 219192 Fax 41 42 217784 U K Marlow vi Tektronix sales and service offic
151. wn and handling high volume traffic in a network transmission technique that segments and routes information into discrete units Packet switching allows for efficient sharing of network resources as packets from different sources can all be sent over the same channel in the same bitstream Parity check An error checking scheme which examines the number of transmitted bits in a block which hold the value of one For even parity an overhead parity bit is set to either one or zero to make the total number of transmitted ones in the data block plus parity bit an even number For odd parity the parity bit is set to make the total number of ones in the block an odd number Path A logical connection between a point where a service in a VC is multiplexed to the point where it is demultiplexed Path Overhead POH Overhead accessed generated and processed by path terminating equipment Path Terminating Equipment PTE Network elements such as fibre optic terminating systems which can access generate and process Path Overhead Payload The portion of the SDH signal available to carry service signals such as E1 and E3 The contents of a VC Payload Pointer Indicates the beginning of a Virtual Container Payload capacity The number of bytes the payload of a single frame can carry Plesiochronous A network with nodes timed by separate clock sources with almost the same timing PLL Phase Locked Loop method of timing recover
152. wo systems When the link is made the ST2400A will be controlled by the ST112 through its remote serial interface RS232C port All remote commands sent to the ST2400A through the RS 232C port will be passed on to the ST112 for processing When the link is already established the combined mode off command will be handled by the ST112 which will terminate the connection between the two systems NOTE When remote commands are sent through the ST2400A GPIB ports the ST2400A will process them even if the ST2400A is in the combined dual mode combined mode on off Combined Mode Set Used to initiate or terminate the combined mode between the ST2400A and ST112 Example combined_mode on Response NONE combined_mode Combined Mode Query Used to query the combined mode status between the ST2400A and ST112 Example combined_mode Response COMBINED MODE OFF ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual Appendices LabView for ST2400A LabView is an instrument driver providing programming support for the ST2400A test set This instrument driver contains functions for opening configuring taking measurements from and closing the instrument in field and lab environments Requirements to use LabView To successfully use this module the following conditions must be met For GPIB instrument drivers e The instrument is connected to the GPIB interface e The GPIB address supplied to initialize function must match the GPIB address of the instru
153. y Pointer A part of the SDH overhead that locates a floating payload structure AU n pointers locate the payload TU m Pointers locate floating mode virtual tributaries All SDH frames use AU pointers only floating mode virtual containers use TU pointers ST2400A Programmer Manual G9 SDH Glossary G 10 Pointer Hit When the line or clock frequency drift crosses a predetermined threshold Pointer Jitter A measure of the jitter output of a network when specified pointer test sequences are applied to its input ppTIE Peak to Peak Time Interval Error a measure of wander PRC Primary Reference Clock In a synchronous network all the clocks are traceable to one highly stable reference supply the Primary Reference Clock PRC The accuracy of the PRC is better than 1 in 10 and is derived from a cesium atomic standard Remote Alarm Indication RAT A code sent upstream in a E n network as a notification that a failure condition has been declared downstream RAI signals were previously referred to as Yellow signals Remote Defect Indication RDI A signal returned to the transmitting Terminating Equipment when the receiving Terminating Equipment detects a Loss of Signal Loss of Frame or AIS defect RDI was previously known as FERF Remote Error Indication RED An indication returned to a transmitting node source that an errored block has been detected at the receiving node sink This indication was formerly known as
154. y ege oett tee co eie Ie ete irc xit re e erre texere cd b3 es B3 Errored Seconds Query one REN dte ter dett ote eiie dee tiet eee te ter led path rei es Path REI Errored Seconds Query tse es TSE Errored Seconds Query bl ses B1 Severely Errored Seconds Query s Vi La b2 ses B2Severely Errored Seconds Query ENEE b3 ses B3 Severely Errored Seconds Ouerg ENEE path rei ses Path REI Severely Errored Seconds Query NEEN 42 tse ses TSE Severely Errored Seconds Query EEN bl cses B1 Consecutively Severely Error Seconds bi cses B2 Consecutively Severely Error Seconds ST2400A Test Set Programmer Manual 2 7 Remote Commands SDH SONET bi cses B3 Consecutively Severely Error Secondis sss tenenn enne path rei cses Path REI Consecutively Severely Error Seconds seen tse cses TSE Consecutively Severely Error Seconds seen tenentes bl esr Bl Errored Seconds Ratio Query b2 esr B2 Errored Seconds Ratio Query b3 esr B3 Errored Seconds Ratio Query T se path rei esr Path REI Errored Seconds Ratio Query ENEE tse esr TSE Errored Seconds Ratio Query NEEN bl sesr B1 Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Query ENEE b2 sesr B2 Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Ouer b3 sesr B3 Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Query path rei sesr Path REI Severely Errored Seconds Ratio Query TSE sesr TSE Severely Errored Seconds R
155. ynchronous payload envelope to begin anywhere in the VT Pointers identify the starting location of the VT SPE VT SPEs in different superframes may begin at different locations Framing Method of distinguishing digital channels that have been multiplexed together Frequency The number of cycles of periodic activity that occur in a discrete amount of time Grooming Consolidating or segregating traffic for efficiency Interleave The ability of SONET to mix together and transport different types of input signals in an efficient manner thus allowing higher transmission rates Isochronous All devices in the network derive their timing signal directly or indirectly from the same primary reference clock Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration voltage fluctuations control system instability etc Line One or more SONET sections including network elements at each end capable of accessing generating and processing Line Overhead Line Alarm Indication Signal AIS L AIS L is generated by Section Terminating Equipment STE upon the detection of an Loss of Signal or Loss of Frame defect on an equipment failure AIS L maintains operation of the downstream regenerators and therefore prevents generation of unnecessary alarms At the same time data and orderwire communication is retained between the regenerators and the downstream Line Terminating Equipment LTE ST2400A Programmer Manual H 5 SONET Glossary

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