Room Fire - Thunderheadeng.net
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1. Surface Plane Min X Max X Min Y Max Y MinZ MaxZ Back Wall Gypsum Y 46 0 52 0 24 Gypsum X 0 0O 46 0 24 Right Wall Gypsum X 5 2 o 46 0 24 Ceiling Gypsum z 2 4 0 52 o 46 Create Ignitors that will light the Fire In this model we will define ignitors that will glow at a fixed temperature heat the sofa and ignite the sofa Creating the ignitors is a two step process first we define particles then we position them in the model To define the particles ess e 8 On the Model menu click Edit Particles Click New In the Particle Name box type Ignitor Particle In the Particle Type list select Solid Click OK to create the particle On the Solid tab for Surface select Ignitor this is the fixed temperature surface we previously created In the Movement option select Particles are Stationary Click the Injection tab In the Duration box type 1E5 This means that the particle will remain in the model for the entire simulation Click OK to close the Edit Particles dialog Now we will create the actual ignitors First create an Ignitor group Po I Click the Model category in the tree view On the Model menu click New Group The Parent Group will be Model In the Group Name box type Ignitors Click OK to close the Create Group dialog Now create the first ignitor ee ge A O IP On the Model menu click New Particle Location2. va PyroSim Room Fire Te lda a 2015 4 Room Fire Room Fire This is a more complex example Although the geometry of the model is relatively simple the fire is ignited by glowing particles that heat the sofa upholstery The upholstery releases fuel and the fire results As fuel is released the sofa burns away This approach to modeling a fire pushes the limits of FDS capabilities and is beyond the usual heat release rate approach used by fire safety engineers This detailed approach may be used by researchers or forensic investigators The uncertainties in this detailed modeling are large This example is a simplification of the room fire problem provided by NIST as an FDS verification problem The simplifications are in the geometry the material properties and approach to modeling fire is the same as used by NIST em PyroSim C PyroSim Examples RoomFire roomfire psm ye File Edit Model Devices Evac Output FDS View Help D e H d HY XE ARARSA Bes aaa FA ta A ARA sn wrons JE eel DCE EM FOAM 4 GYPSUM 4 YELLOW PINE Ej FP Surfaces ADIABATIC F 8 Burner ET 8 Gypsum FB MIRROR gt THCPO3 gt THCPO4 THCPOS THCPO6 Controls E d Grid Boundary gb Couch E Couch 2 2D View Record View Figure 1 Room fire in this example This tutorial demonstrates how to e Import properties from a database e Define a combustion reaction
3. INERT E MIRROR Color E Appearance le OPEN PERIODIC Surface Type Layered v Geometry Reaction Species Injection Partide Injection Advanced Material Layers Surface Props Thermal Layer Divide 0 0 Material Layers 14 Insert Row Thickness m Material Composition Edit 1 0 01m 1 0 YELLOW PINE Edit z Edit f Remove Row amp Move Up Move Down 3 Copy Paste d Cut v New Add From Library amp SURF ID Pine RGB 146 0 202 0 166 0 TEXTURE MAP psm wood2 jpg Rename TEXTURE WIDTH 0 6096 TEXTURE HEIGHT 0 6096 BACKING VOID MATL_ID 1 1 YELLOW PINE MATL MASS FRACTION 1 1 1 0 THICKNESS 1 0 01 Delete E coa Figure 3 Creating the Pine floor surface We will use gypsum for the walls 1 Inthe Edit Surfaces dialog click New Give the Surface Name as Gypsum select the Surface Type as Layered and click OK 2 Click on the Color box and define a neutral blue color e g RGB of 198 225 230 and Alpha 255 Click OK to close the Surface Color dialog 3 Inthe Material Layers panel in the Thickness column type 0 013 Click the Edit button In the Mass Fraction column type 1 0 In the Material column select GYPSUM Click OK to close the Composition dialog 5 Inthe Edit Surfaces dialog click Apply to save the changes The upholstery will have a fabric surface and a foam core 1 Inthe Edit Surfaces dialog click New Give the Surface Name as Upholstery select th
4. e Replicate and rotate obstructions furniture e Use a hole to represent an open door e Define an open surface on the exterior of the model e View 3D results using Smokeview e View 2D results using PyroSim Room Fire The FDS input file listing for this model is provided at the end of this document You can import this directly into PyroSim Brief Overview of Fire Modeling In FDS PyroSim a fire is defined by a reaction pyrolysis and combustion 1 Reaction A reaction assumes a fuel vapor that reacts with oxygen to release energy and form combustion products 2 Pyrolysis This defines the rate at which solid or liquid surfaces generation fuel vapor For example wood is heated and releases combustible gas or candle wax melts is drawn up the wick and vaporized 3 Combustion This is the reaction process by which fuel vapor mixes with oxygen and creates products based on the chemical reaction The fuel vapor results from pyrolysis oxygen is provided by air The combustion process mixes fuel and oxygen and controls the reaction rate A more complete discussion of these processes is described in the FDS User Manual Pyrolysis in Chapter 8 and Combustion in Chapter 12 On the PyroSim web site the Resources also provide links to a set of videos that further explain the details see PyroSim Modeling Fire Part 1 Reactions Part 2 Heat Release Rate and Part 3 Combustion using HRR Standard Approach to Fire Mode
5. GYPSUM EI NBSIR 883752 AIF NIST Multi Floor Validation SERIAL IROL CONDUCENTE AT OS DENSITY 930 0 MA ED INN PYi Quine ene Pire Behavior NIST NRG Validation SERCIRICIADRAI DOC CONDUCETIEAT CUE hae DENSITY 640 0 amp SURF ID Upholstery REE 120707 16207 11000 BURN_AWAY TRUE BACKING INSULATED MATL IS le MAA 2 Ly IO MAN MAS SRA neni i MATL_MASS_FRACTION 2 1 Ra aN Seles OO Oz inal amp SURF ID Gypsum RGB 29 0F 22e2 07 250 07 BACKING VOID MATL ID 1 1 GYPSUM MAMI ie MAS Sa eA Male eee O THIT ENE SS 1 On Oily amp SURF ID Pine RGB 1600 2020071 6670 TEXTURE MAP psm vwood2 pg TENURE WIDTH 0 60096 TEXTURE AE IG il 06096 BACKING VOID MATL IB E ONE 7 O 0 Be ie 1 23 MATL MASS FRACTION 1 1 1 Peis SG 0 0 0 T amp SURF ID Ignitor RGB 25 0 00240 0007 IME ERON E LOO 0 GEOMETRY Cyt DREAM LENGTH 0 15 RADIUS 0 01 ScURE IDS PILCTUTE TEXTURE T MAP 1motorcycle 1 Jpg TEXTURE HEIGHT 0 675 SINT Tr ontore LAREDO Particle NE LAR TICS A AS OG 57 GENE nor EAR Clonilec Bam NBA mC IS 1 A A sa o ONG Sy GIN conitor PART EID igor Parrel et ANPARO OLE o ROMA o ORGS GOB SU vero on SS O OU Cm CURE SI DE Upholstery 7 Scar cuchmuon GOBS ES is Cc CC 00070009 Surg nos pen R e rea e st GOR GN oles op dc Oo Sup Cuphe ls rem Merc mechanic sip Os en a 1 4 4 2 1 Cc SURE IDS Upoho screen Beck Ceusiniom EOB es cce lc oc co 0 0 SUIS IDS Dol
6. In the Description box type Ignitor In the Group list select Ignitors In the Particle list select Ignitor Particle In the Droplet Count select Constant and change the number to 1 Click the Geometry tab In the Location Properties boxes enter the values in Table 8 Click OK to close the Particle Cloud Properties dialog 15 Room Fire Table 8 Ignitor location XxX v Zz 2 45 4 35 0 65 Copy to create two more ignitors Right click on the Ignitor and select Copy Move In the Model options select Copy and in the Number of Copies box type 2 In the Offset boxes enter the values in Table 9 Click OK to close the Translate dialog a oe A Table 9 Ignitor Offsets Add Open Boundary We will add an open boundary on the model outside the door PyroSim provides a shortcut that can create open vents on mesh boundaries 1 Inthe navigation view right click on the MESHO1 and click Open Mesh Boundaries This will add a group named Vents for MESH that includes vents on each grid boundary Delete four vents the XMAX XMIN YMAX and ZMIN vents Now double click the Mesh Vent Mesh ZMAX vent Click the Geometry tab and change Max Y to 0 Click OK Now there are just two open vents One opposite the door and one above the door This will let smoke leave the door and flow up It will also allow cold air to flow in the lower half of the door Create Thermocouple Records We will first create one thermocouple near the
7. and in the value box type 15000 Under Reaction click Add In the Reference Temperature box type 280 Click the Byproducts tab Select the Heat of Reaction option and in the box type 1000 The reaction is Endothermic that is pyrolysis requires energy input to occur E SS SS 10 In the Composition column type 1 11 In the Residue column select Species SPEC REAC_FUEL This means that the pyrolysis byproducts will be the fuel 12 Click OK to close the Edit Pyrolysis Reaction dialog 13 Click OK to close the Edit Materials dialog Create Surfaces Materials define physical properties Solid surfaces can use the material properties to calculate the thermal response The floor will be made of yellow pine material To create the surface On the Model menu click Edit Surfaces Click New give the Surface Name as Pine select the Surface Type as Layered and click OK A layered surface will calculate heat conduction into the surface 3 Click on the Appearance box and select psm wood2 jpg Click OK to close the Texture dialog In the Material Layers tab in the Thickness column type 0 01 5 The material composition can be defined as a mixture Click the Edit button In the Mass Fraction column type 1 0 In the Material column select YELLOW PINE Click OK to close the Composition dialog 6 Inthe Edit Surfaces dialog click Apply to save the changes Room Fire Edit Surfaces x ADIABATIC a SurfaceID Pine HVAC ea
8. ceiling and then replicate it to create a stack of thermocouples 1 Onthe Devices menu click New Thermocouple 2 Inthe Location boxes enter X 2 6 Y 2 3 and Z 2 1 3 Click OK to close the Thermocouple dialog To copy the thermocouple Right click on THCP and click Copy Move In the Mode select Copy with the Number of copies 5 In the Offset boxes enter X 0 0 Y 0 0 and Z 0 3 Click OK to close the Translate dialog oe i E 16 Room Fire 5 Click the LBL icon to toggle labels off Click the Devices icon to toggle devices off Create Layer Zoning Device The upper and lower layers in the room can be calculated using the Layer Zone Device To create this On the Devices menu click New Layer Zoning Device Select the three checkboxes to enable measuring of Layer Height Upper Temperature and Lower Temperature 3 Inthe End Point boxes enter the data in Table 10 Click OK to close the Layer Zoning Device dialog Table 10 Layer Zone Geometry NX Y pz End Point 1 2 6 2 3 0 End Point 2 Create Slice Records for Results Plotting Slice planes can be used to display 2D contours in the Smokeview display of the results In this analysis we will save temperature and velocity data for future plotting To define the slice plane 1 Onthe Output menu click Slices 2 Fill the table by entering the values in Table 11 3 Click OK to close the Animated Planar Slices dialog Table 11 Slice plane
9. 015 4 1125 Now 25 2015 1 58320 EM SHEAD CRHID roomtireV amp TIME T END 200 07 SPUME TRENDER PILES ee oro se O O UNNE ta E E A Conor SME OH TDS Mes SES 5424 D Ue 40 aaa SPART TLC Tonitor Particle RAT LO TRUE SURELID onte er SREAC I D Y POLVURE PANE FYI NFPA Babrauskas Oa REAC PUL C 6 3 H 7 1 O 2 N 1 0 SOON E DEOR r DE Ve p Wiel QUASE BO E opa aero Bs 2 DEVO DS MHCLO ls oops pias siste hs Geo Dre ns Dio p Eco CUA IIT REMO O UEM 2 5 a DIC p PS ONAN Mal y Minn MOCOUrI t SI DEVO 1D THCPO4 OUANTITY THERMOCOUPIE X 2 2 6 2 2 0 97 DNC OS CUA We IMOCOU Ig same 6 2738 0 6 DO t lA Vie snnade han OUAN Mil V Vb eRe A a a CoE VC LD AiR MEME QUANTITY ON EEE MiP ei Asie kes MZ 67 266 2457225 O Za COEVC TD TAYE R ULEME O OUAN AA UPPER EMP ER AU RE ME US E 6 2e So 2550 0 ed amp MATL ID Fabric 22 SPE Cie RG HEAT IL Oy CONDUCISN ANA O DENSA TOO HEM OP COMBUSINONSI SPA N_REACTIONS 1 HP OF REACTION 1000 0 SPEC ILID 1 Uy RANG Je Ui in ve NURSE rele ih o REFERENCE TEMPERATURE 280 0 amp MATL ID FOAM FYI Caution Reaction Rate Not Validated remaining data from Jukka Hictaonienmni ee ain LEDS simulation cr Fire sorteado SPE CRE Gah A407 CONDUC iy hy Oe os DENSITAS ORO HEAL OF COMBUSITONSS DEA N_REACTIONS 1 He A DOr SREACTION S0 0 0 Si Gelb A nye PUBL NU SEBC 1 1 1 0 REFERENCE TEMPERATURE 300 0 amp MATL ID
10. 4 but will increase the simulation run time by a factor of 16 On the Model menu click Edit Meshes Click New and then OK to create a new mesh In the Min X box type O and in the Max X box type 5 2 In the Min Y box type 0 8 and in the Max Y box type 4 6 In the Min Z box type 0 and in the Max Z box type 2 4 In the X Cells box type 52 In the Y Cells box type 54 In the Z Cells box type 24 Click OK to save changes and close the Edit Meshes dialog 10 On the View menu click Reset View to All Objects e Ss de Se o Import Material Data Materials are the building blocks for Surfaces that are used to define the geometry of the model PyroSim includes a database file that provides data and references for the source of the data We will import selected properties from this file Room Fire 1 Onthe Model menu click Edit Materials 2 Copy the FOAM GYPSUM and YELLOW PINE materials from the library into the Current Model 3 Close the PyroSim Libraries dialog PyroSim Libraries Category Materials Current Model Library property library fds CALCIUM SILICATE CERAMIC FIBER YELLOW PINE CONCRETE ETHANOL LIQUID Create New Library Load Library Save Current Library Figure 2 Copy the materials from the library into the current model Because this ignition and burn away simulation is sensitive to material properties we will edit the imported FOAM material to have the same values as used in the NIS
11. Surfaces dialog We now create a vent that uses the texture Soro On the Model menu click New Vent In the Description box type Picture In the Group list select Model In the Surface list select Picture Under Texture Origin click to select Relative to Object Click the Geometry tab In the Plane list select Y and give the value as 4 599 In the Bounds boxes enter the values in Table 12 Click OK to close the Vent Properties dialog Table 12 Picture dimensions The Model is Complete Your model should now look like Figure 9 Save it 18 Room Fire PyroSim x64 Edition C Examples PyroSim PyroSim 2015 4 RoomFire roomfire psm O x File Edit Model Devices Output FDS View Help Bela 4 S REX MIAGAKS MAO B oa BREBERAE BOS A S x 9 amp EE croup 4h Model ra gt somos E AR AER a oe Default Meshes Mesh01 E Zones HE ZONEO Outer Zone Reactions F POLYURETHANE Active 3 42 Materials FOAM O GYPSUM O YELLOW PINE E Los Fabric SEE Surfaces INERT Bs do B wm MEE A Rasy O as 4 Ol E 5 z lo 7 EM 5 2 S THCPO3 THCP04 _ THCPOS LAYER TD Controls Results 428 Statistics i B tl Slices M x 2 6 m Temperature o M X 4 45 m Velocity 9 Hvac E Model Eh db Mesh Boundary Vents E dp Vents for Mesh01 E Mesh Vent Mesh01 YMIN Mesh Vent Mesh01 ZMAX Pierna Ch lt g
12. T room fire example the GYPSUM and YELLOW PINE do not affect the simulation so we will leave them with the imported properties To edit FOAM In the Edit Materials dialog double click on FOAM In the Description box type NIST Completely Made Up In the Density box type 40 In the Specific Heat box type 1 Click the Pyrolysis tab In the Heat of Combustion box type 30000 Under Reaction click Edit In the Reference Temperature box type 300 Click the Byproducts tab In the Heat of Reaction box type 800 Mr SS a eS a e op e O In the Composition column type 1 In the Residue column select Species SPEC REAC_FUEL This means that the pyrolysis byproducts will be the fuel pa NO pa WW Click OK to close the Edit Pyrolysis Reaction dialog Room Fire 14 Click Apply to save the changes The sofa cushions will be made of a thin layer of fabric that covers a foam pad No default fabric is provided in the PyroSim libraries so we will create one The values used for this material are the same as used in the NIST model Note NIST clearly states the fabric properties are not realistic so should not be used for other models without justification To add a new material In the Edit Materials click New In the Name box type Fabric Click OK In the Density box type 100 Do not change the default values for the other Thermal Properties Click the Pyrolysis tab Select the Heat of Combustion checkbox
13. _ Layer Divide 0 0 Material Layers Thickness m Material Composition Edit El Insert Row 1 0 002 m 1 0 Fabric Edit ER z 2 0 1m LOFOAM Edit nisso C Edit i Move Up Move Down 3 Copy Paste d Cut yv New Add From Library Rename amp SURF ID Upholstery RGB 120 0 116 0 110 0 BURN_AWAY TRUE BACKING INSULATED A MATL_ID 1 1 Fabric MATL ID 2 1 FOAM MATL MASS FRACTION 1 1 1 0 Delete MATL MASS FRACTION 2 1 1 0 THICKNESS 1 2 0 002 0 1 F Figure 4 The upholstery has two material layers We will place an initial ignitor object on the sofa This ignitor will be at a constant temperature of 1000 C and will radiate heat that will ignite the upholstery To create this burner surface 1 Inthe Edit Surfaces dialog click New Give the Surface Name as Ignitor select the Surface Type as Heater Cooler and click OK 2 Inthe Thermal tab in the Boundary Condition Model select Fixed Temperature This means the surface will stay at a constant temperature 3 Inthe Thermal tab in the Surface Temperature box type 1000 Leave the Emissivity at 0 9 Click the Geometry tab in the Geometry list select Cylindrical In the Radius box type 0 01 in the Length box type 0 15 5 Inthe Edit Surfaces dialog click OK to save the changes and close the dialog Room Fire Note that since the ignitor just keeps a constant surface temperature we did not have to define any material properties for
14. data XYZ Plane Plane Value m Gas Phase Quantity X 26 Temperature x 445 Velocity Create Surface Plots Temperatures and other quantities on the surface of objects can be plotted To define the surface plots 1 Onthe Output menu click Boundary Quantities 2 Click the Wall Temperature checkbox 3 Click OKto close the Animated Boundary Quantities dialog Specify Simulation Properties To define the end time 1 Onthe FDS menu click Simulation Parameters 2 Inthe Simulation Title box type Room fire 17 3 4 Room Fire In the End Time box type 150s Click OK Hang a Picture on the Wall Let us fancy things up by hanging a picture on the wall First decide what picture you want to hang 1 On the Model menu click Edit Surfaces In the Edit Surfaces dialog click New Give the Surface Name as Picture select the Surface Type as Basic this is just an INERT surface that you can name and click OK Click on the Appearance box Click the Import button and select the image you want as a picture In homage to my Dad and Brother used the image called motorcycle jpg That is me in the middle Right click the link and click Save Link As to download the image if you would like to use it The image you selected will be displayed Set the Width to 1 0 and the Height to 0 675 or whatever values are appropriate for your image Click OK to close the Textures dialog Click OK to close the Edit
15. e Surface Type as Layered and click OK 2 Click on the Color box and select a grey color e g RGB of 120 116 110 and Alpha 255 Click OK to close the Surface Color dialog 3 Inthe Material Layers we define the two materials for the upholstery First the fabric In the Thickness column type 0 002 Click the Edit button In the Mass Fraction column type 1 0 In the Material column select Fabric Click OK to close the Composition dialog Room Fire 4 Now we add the foam Click Insert Row In the Thickness column type 0 1 Click the Edit button In the Mass Fraction column type 1 0 In the Material column select FOAM Click OK to close the Composition dialog You should now have two material layers in the upholstery surface 5 Click on the Surface Props tab In the Backing box select Insulated Click on the Reaction tab Select Allow the Obstruction to Burn Away When this option is selected the solid object disappears from the calculation cell by cell as the mass contained by each mesh cells is consumed either by the pyrolysis reactions or by the prescribed HRR 7 Inthe Edit Surfaces dialog click Apply to save the changes Edit Surfaces x ADIABATIC A Surface ID Upholstery Gypsum see HVAC Description INERT Color ES Appearance MIRROR OPEN Surface Type Layered vw PERIODIC Pine Geometry Reaction Species Injection Partide Injection Advanced Material L Upholstery aterial Layers Surface Props Thermal
16. e pyrolysis rate See the FDS User Manual Pyrolysis in Chapter 8 and Combustion in Chapter 12 for more information Room Fire Start a New Model Run PyroSim 1 To clear any open models on the File menu click New 2 Onthe View menu click Units and select SI to display values using the metric system 3 Save the model On the File menu click Save and choose a folder Name the file roomfire psm 4 Click OK to save the model Reaction First we define the reaction for this simulation On the Model menu click Edit Reactions Click the Add From Library button select POLYURETHANE reaction and move it to the Current Model Click Close 3 Click OK to close the dialog Create the Mesh The mesh or meshes define the computational domain It is convenient to define the mesh early and use it to help create geometry You can always modify or refine the mesh later In this example we will use mesh cells with a size of 0 10 m This is geometrically convenient and is somewhat smaller than 1 5 of the characteristic diameter D for a 500 kW fire In this simulation the fire is ignited and grows so there is not a single value of heat release rate with which to calculate D It is the responsibility of the analyst to run verification calculations that show the mesh resolution is sufficiently small so that the results have converged This is a compromise Using mesh cells that are smaller by a factor of 2 should decrease error by a factor of
17. ed are different than the NIST verification values NIST specifically says their values are fabricated and not to be used for other simulations 25
18. ling The most frequently used approach to modeling a reaction in FDS PyroSim assumes a single fuel species composed of C H O and N that reacts with air to form products H20 CO2 soot and CO The user specifies the chemical formula of the fuel and the yields for soot and CO and hydrogen fraction in soot and FDS PyroSim calculates the stoichiometric coefficients and heat release rate The most common way to define pyrolysis in FDS PyroSim is to specify a Heat Release Rate HRR ona surface When HRR is specified FDS uses the heat of combustion defined by the reaction to calculate the fuel vapor mass release rate that will result that will result in the desired energy release The most commonly used combustion model in FDS PyroSim is the simple chemistry model in which the reaction of fuel and oxygen is infinitely fast and controlled only by mixing More Complex Solid Phase Pyrolysis used in this Example While this example uses the standard approach to define the reaction and combustion it uses a much more complicated approach for the calculation of the solid phase pyrolysis the conversion of the solid to fuel vapor In this example fuel vapor mass release rate is calculated by actually simulating solid phase pyrolysis using a layered surface and a pyrolysis rate defined by the material properties Layered surfaces are used so that a heat transfer calculation can be performed The temperature is then used to calculate the solid phas
19. ls We will add a wall using the 2D View Since we will be adding only one interior wall this wall could also be added quickly as a single obstruction However we will use the 2D view in order to demonstrate its use Select the 2D View Click the Reset tool Select the Wall Tool Click Tool Properties In the Name box type Wall Set the Z Location to 0 0 the Height to 2 4 the Thickness to 0 2 and change the Surface Prop to Gypsum Click OK 4 With the wall tool draw the wall from left to right along the Y 0 line Press the CTRL key to flip the wall to the lower part of the model Figure 7 12 Room Fire E frim vf ition CL Eamples Preteen Pratim 2015 0 Reemtireuoomire psms O File ds Meda Devices Cudput FOE View Help Beba Ot RO 40RR3 mM jO Hr Rara DH BOO rx 34 Mu goose E Evae ESC AREA ae Na A as e G Meshes E Eee o BD ZONED trier Zone SH p HE am Nay mi T POLTURLTHANE Active lla serai j2 zas RB YA E DA 0 633 4 845 0 m gt Moves 20 view Record view Figure 7 Drawing the wall Create Door Hole in Wall To add a door by creating a hole in the wall On the Model menu click New Hole In the Description box type Door In the Group list select Model ds E On the Geometry tab enter the values in Table 5 Note that we extend the hole beyond the bounds of the wall it intersects This ensures the hole will take priority over
20. o lstesis Seer Cucitaonm SOR ST dA 240 11 160 1 0 1 2 000 004 SUNS IDS Ujolaolesuesiy iRiclac choices SOBST DB cce ore o o DO Sur Urol stes ere cues OBST Ec oe och oh io om oo 12 CURE IDS elo src Cacle cnshon GOB SIA oS 0 ce 00 SURE SIND Upholsres pa AUD II IO 1 94289 8 16 0 0 2 4 SOR _ ID Gyosum Well Soto We poor SUENA SURE O AN 052 02 000020 Mes vence Mesa Men SVENT SURE IDE OPEN xB 0 0753 27 078 0007245024 Mesh Vente Mesna0l AMAS amp VENT SURF ID Pine Mpa Oe o oc 00 o mom Melo e NENAS Ra E ps ee 00 So cuco 24 e mam SEND SUE En E un qro o o o os oro a e ad OVEN SUING to Costi lt b 5 2 5 2 0 0 4 6 0 0 2 4 Ralelme esti VENTAS OR ED Gyecum eso 0 oc 006 254 7 47 eo SEN SURE ID ate Pu SA O le cosas co TEXTURE ORTGIN 6 4599 1 2 Pior ure SBNDE QUANTITY WALL TEMPERATURE amp SLCF QUANTITY TEMPERATURE PBX 2 6 LSLE OVANT T E NELO I ANECT OR TRUE Bx MAS amp TAIL 24 Original NIST FDS Verification Input File This example we created is a simplification of the room fire problem provided by NIST as an FDS verification problem You can download the complete original FDS verification file at To import the original FDS file into PyroSim on the File menu click Import FDS CAD File During import specify that the NIST model was created using FDS 6 The simplifications we made in the example are mostly related to geometry You will notice that the default FOAM material properties we us
21. of time Figure 12 This is an extreme fire with flashover You can also make plots of the thermocouple readings and the layer height Time History Plots 20 00 100 0 1200 Time Figure 12 Heat release rate References FDS SMV Official Website Fire Dynamics Simulator and Smokeview Gaithersburg Maryland USA National Institute of Standards and Technology McGrattan Kevin et al 2014 Fire Dynamics Simulator Technical Reference Guide Sixth Edition Gaithersburg Maryland USA July 2014 NIST Special Publication 1018 6 McGrattan Kevin et al 2014 Fire Dynamics Simulator User s Guide Sixth Edition Gaithersburg Maryland USA July 2014 NIST Special Publication 1019 6 21 FDS Input File Following is a listing of the FDS input file You can either save this as a text file and import into PyroSim or you can Open PyroSim and on the File menu click New Select and copy the entire listing below On the PyroSim Edit menu click Paste You will receive two warnings The first is related to textures Since we are just pasting the FDS input data we will lose the links to the wood floor and wall picture textures You can go back and add those in PyroSim if desired Select OK The second warning is that Simulation Parameters already exists in the model click Yes to All to replace all existing data with the FDS file data Click the Reset tool 5 Save and run roomfire fds Generated by PyroSim Version 2
22. py double click on the Right armrest in the Tree view and change the Description to Left armrest Click OK To create the back On the Model menu click New Obstruction In the Description box type Back cushion In the Group list select Couch On the Geometry tab enter the values in Table 3 On the Surfaces tab select Single and select Upholstery from the list Click OK to close the Obstruction Properties dialog A A A Table 3 Couch back dimensions rete Edi E Pirai Peti 208 incomoda pam 0 x File Eda Modd Deki Duipot FDS Votar Help nera BO0X LORA nA ajo 1 4 delia EELEE BO BOO 25 A OE ce da vem de ee AE RE ea ee ae e Pe ED Forsi e EO 2004 quartas Zona EF yg E Anie TA POLTIRTTRAME Actree lo ar de meras de rosa if p tac E o ELLO PRE Aran BS prior LE ATSABATIC OPEN HSL ie HAE ND PE ari ira F Dr m Bran ml brn Darcs gt Contreda de rta E surcos E ties EN mas D esse gt Bb Caen a DEM CURSOS OF get are a Lat armas ED Bizi sen r Drm Dv Mejor te Figure 5 The room after the couch is added 10 Room Fire Second Couch We will now create a second couch using the copy function A a E In the Tree View right click the Couch group Click Copy Move In the Mode options select Copy with 1 copy In the Offset boxes enter X 1 3 Y 3 6 and Z 0 0 Click OK to close the Translate dialog Rotate the second couch to lie against
23. t 3D View 2D View Record View Figure 9 Completed model Run the Analysis To run the analysis 1 Onthe FDS menu click Run FDS If asked to expand holes click Yes You will receive a warning that two vents overlap This is caused by the picture on the wall The solution will use the gypsum wall vent and ignore the picture vent in the calculation View the Results An image showing the smoke heat release rate and velocity vectors is shown in Figure 10 This is a time when the sofa has begun to burn but the fire is still relatively small You can clearly see the air circulation caused by the fire with hot air flowing out the top half of the door and cold air flowing in the bottom half of the door The smoke has formed a layer 19 Room Fire Time 45 Figure 10 Plot showing smoke heat release rate isosurface and velocity vectors You can see the formation of layers the hot air and products flowing out the top of the door and fresh air flowing in the bottom of the door A plot of surface temperature is given in Figure 11 Notice that parts of the sofa have burned away To show this plot in Smokeview set the Obstacles location to Actual Figure 11 Plot of surface temperature Notice that the sofa has burned away In Smokeview set the Obstacles location to Actual 20 Room Fire To view time history results 1 Inthe PyroSim toolbar click Plot Thermal Results 2 Plotthe heat release rate as a function
24. the surface Create Furniture Obstructions We will now add furniture to the model Couch The first will be a couch Create a Couch group that will help us organize the input oe A E Right click the Model category in the tree view On the Model menu click New Group The Parent Group will be Model Inthe Group Name box type Couch Click OK to close the Create Group dialog To create the seat E E On the Model menu click New Obstruction In the Description box type Seat cushion In the Group list select Couch On the Geometry tab enter the values in Table 1 On the Surfaces tab select Single and select Upholstery from the list Click OK to close the Obstruction Properties dialog Table 1 Couch seat dimensions To create the right armrest Se a e On the Model menu click New Obstruction In the Description box type Right armrest In the Group list select Couch On the Geometry tab enter the values in Table 2 On the Surfaces tab select Single and select Upholstery from the list Click OK to close the Obstruction Properties dialog Table 2 Right armrest dimensions We will use the copy function to create the left armrest Room Fire Right click the Right armrest either in the Tree View or the 3D view Click Copy Move In the Mode options select Copy with 1 copy In the Offset boxes enter X 1 8 Y 0 0 and Z 0 0 Click OK to close the Translate dialog A Te To rename the co
25. the wall 5 Click OK to close the Obstruction Properties dialog Table 5 Door dimensions The model now looks like 13 Room Fire E Paoli sf tion Ci Evample Preteen Pyrin 201 4 Roormtineuoom ne pare O Frida de Medel Dpi Output FDS Vara Halip Re bled o R te ROARS BAjO M6 CADA DH BOG gt 9 9 E dea AAA AAA AO ec e Show All Fls A E gt rey TO ew Racin View Figure 8 The model after adding the door Use Vents to Define the Floor Walls and Ceiling In FDS Vents are used to describe 2D planar objects In this example we use vents to define the wood floor and the gypsum walls and ceiling We do this because we want the walls and ceiling to heat up as a result of the fire If we just used the default inert surface they would stay at a constant temperature 20 C by default To create the floor On the Model menu click New Vent In the Description box type Floor In the Group list select Model In the Surface list select Pine Click on the Geometry tab In the Plane list select Z and give the value as 0 001 In the Bounds boxes enter the values in Table 6 ne e ae ae Click OK to close the Vent Properties dialog Table 6 Floor dimensions Now we will define the walls and ceiling These are created using vents and the Gypsum surface To make these vents use the information in Table 7 14 Room Fire Table 7 Wall and ceiling dimensions Vent
26. the well a a a In the Tree View right click the new Couch group Click Rotate In the Mode options select Move In the Angle box type 90 In the Base Point boxes enter X 0 0 and Y 1 0 Click OK to close the Rotate Objects dialog Additional Furniture Add a pad E a ua A On the Model menu click New Obstruction In the Description box type Pad In the Group list select Model On the Geometry tab enter the values in Table 4 On the Surfaces tab select Single and select Upholstery from the list Click OK to close the Obstruction Properties dialog Table 4 Table dimensions The resulting room display is shown in Figure 6 11 Room Fire EB Pynt stt tation OL Bumphes Poe Pratim 2075 4 Leontine roo m re pare O Frida de Msdal Deis Output FOL Vara Halip Ge hlaa 9 t TEAM TILE penar BE BOG 1 9 E cue di Model So MA RE GR GD AA AAA ae Figure 6 The resulting room display Constructing complex objects can be time consuming and PyroSim supports several options If your geometry is available in DXF DWG or STL format PyroSim supports import You can also import existing FDS models For walls PyroSim provides sketching on a background image Alternately if you use the same geometry in many models you can create the geometry and save it You can then copy any object from one model to another You can even copy the text from an FDS input file and paste it into a PyroSim model Wal
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