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SR-10/15 USER`S MANUAL

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1. 1 lt ESC gt V 0 lt ESC gt gt lt ESC gt t lt ESC gt lt ESC gt 7 n lt ESC gt R n lt ESC gt CHRS 30 lt ESC gt Eq ESC gt eg Function Bell Disable bell for STAR mode Enable bell for STAR mode Disable bell for IBM mode Enable bell for IBM mode Reset Off line On line Paper out detector off Paper out detector on Print in one direction for one line only Unidirectional printing Bidirectional printing Backspace Delete character Cancel line Print zero with slash Print zero without slash Eighth bit on Eighth bit off Eighth bit as is Select international character set for STAR mode Select international character set for STAR mode Define macro Use macro for STAR mode Use macro for IBM mode 79 LS UIP N M et r E a y DR v T CHAPTER 9 CREATING YOUR OWN CHARACTERS In this chapter we ll cover Designing and printing your own characters Designing proportional characters In the previous four chapters of this manual you ve learned how to control the SR 10 15 printer to give you dozens of different typefaces By using various combinations of pitches character weights and font selections you can create nearly any effect you want to in text And with international character sets and the special text and graphics characters described in Chapter 8 you can print almost
2. Figure 9 12 These download characters are defined as proportional characters attribute byte m0 As you know the first bit of m0 is used to specify whether the character is a descender or not The next three bits are used to specify the starting print column acceptable values are 0 to 7 The last four bits specify the ending print column acceptable values are 4 to 11 The minimum character width is five dots so you could not for instance specify a starting column of 6 and an ending column of 8 even though those are both within the acceptable range If you inadvertantly give an incorrect width value however SR 10 15 is forgiving it will automatically revert to the default width of eleven dot columns Just as there was an easy trick for figuring the attribute byte earlier you still don t need to know a thing about binary arithmetic Merely multiply the starting column by 16 add the ending column number and add 128 if the character is not a descender If you prefer a formula descender 128 start 16 end The examples in Figure 9 12 show characters of different widths These characters are defined in the program below the output is shown in Figure 9 13 95 1 FOR N 1 TO 4 20 READ N1 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 1 CHRS N1 CHRS N1 40 FOR M TO 11 50 READ MM 60 LPRINT CHRS MM 70 NEXT M 80 NEXT N 9 LPRINT Mississippi 100 LPRINT 110 LPRINT Standard characters without proportion
3. R CHRS 4 lt ESC gt 7 CHRS 5 lt ESC gt R CHR 6 lt ESC gt 7 CHR 7 IBM lt ESC gt R CHR 7 76 mw mH E X J gt d et Ln el 4 eel va ul W lt cwm iB S lt gt lt gt x J gt g E 1 Y F 9 J c a g I g 8 Bl BI 8 P JEE lt SR 10 15 is a multi lingual printer for it can speak in eight languages SR 10 15 changes languages by changing 11 char acters that are different for the different languages These sets of characters are called international character sets The control codes to select the international character sets are given in Table 8 5 The characters that change are shown beneath their ASCII code in Table 8 6 Table 8 6 Internationad character sets Country 35 64 91 92 93 94 96 123 124 125 126 USA t CT tii ptat etry te France a eg iat etalteT Germany 2 8 A J J O a J l B Ea E LE ET AT AEE a p A WB The macro control code The last of our group of miscellaneous control codes is definitely not the least It is a user defined control code called a macro control code The term macro is from the jargonese macro instruction which refers to an instruction that calls or uses a group of normal instructions In computer programming macro instructions which are similar to subroutines save pro gr
4. 85 PRINT 1 This is great Now if you run the program you should get a printout that looks like this WOW bare ee 77 This is great But there is one thing to be careful of all graphics data must print on the same line The graphics command is turned off at the end of each line even if you have specified that more graphics codes follow To see what we mean charge line 30 to plot 1000 points and run the program 30 WID 10090 This 15 great WO c euo Lud EL oo Dum E LI LLL TuS uam a HERRERA Ll irt T EE i This will make the sine wave pattern long enough to go off the page As you can see SR 10 15 printed graphics up to the end of the line then ignored the rest of the graphics data and returned to normal text on the next line PRINTING A DESIGN OR LOGO Since you control the firing of every pin you can print nearly anything with SR 10 15 that you can draw and probably better if you re like most computer users This can be used for creating computer art or drawing maps Or as we ll show you here you can use dot graphics to print your logo at the top of each letter you print Designing an image to print with dot graphics is much like designing download characters The best way to start is to lay out your image on graph paper Since you can print eight rows seven with a 7 bit interface of dots with each pass of the print head draw a heavy horizontal line every eight rows on your graph paper And it may be
5. O IBM lt ESC gt O a In both cases the value of n tells SR 10 15 how many lines to skip although there is a slight difference in the usage When you set the top margin with lt ESC gt R CHR amp n in STAR mode or with lt ESC r CHR n in IBM mode the value of n tells SR 10 15 what line to start printing on When you set the bottom margin with lt ESC gt N CHR n the value of n tells SR 10 15 how many blank lines should be left at the bottom of the page Let s try a simple application to see how these margins work Enter this program which will print 150 lines without top and bottom margins 57 10 Demo top and bottom margins 20 LPRINT CHR 12 Form feed 30 FOR I 1 TO 150 40 LPRINT This is line I 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT CHRS 12 Form feed When you run this program it will print 150 lines right down the page and across the perforations When it s done line 60 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of the next page Look at the lines that have printed near the perforations Separate the sheets and see if any of the lines have been torn in half These are the problems that the top and bottom margins will solve Now add the following lines to your program Don t forget the semicolons or you won t get quite the same results that we did 11 Leave 6 blank lines at bottom of page 12 LPRINT CHR 27 N CHRS 6 13 Start top of page at line 6 14 LPRINT
6. With these questions answered you are ready to start printing Read the manual that came with your commercial software to see how to make it send information for SR 10 15 to print This is all you need to know to use SR 10 15 as a regular printer But SR 10 15 isn t just a regular printer SR 10 15 has many capabilities that your commercial software isn t aware of A little later we will see what it takes to use some of SR 10 15 s advanced features with commercial software WB First some terminology SR 10 15 knows what to print because it knows how to interpret the codes that the computer sends to it These codes are numbers that the computer sends to SR 10 15 Both the computer and SR 10 15 know the meaning of these codes because they are a set of standard codes used by almost all microcomputers This set of codes is the American Standard Code for Information In terchange which is usually referred to as ASCII pronounced ask key There are ASCII codes for all the letters of the alphabet both lower case and capital the numbers from 0 to 9 most punctuation marks and some but not all of SR 10 15 s func tions ASCII codes are referred to in several different ways depending on the way they are used Some times these codes are treated as regular numbers For example the letter A is represented by the number 65 in ASCII Appendix F shows all of the ASCH codes In BASIC ASCII codes are used in the CHR function This fu
7. ml1 Defines download character into RAM for STAR mode lt ESC gt amp CHR3 0 n n2 m0 ml ml Defines download character into RAM for IBM mode lt ESC gt x 0 Copies fonts in ROM into download RAM for STAR mode lt ESC gt 000 Copies fonts in ROM into download ram for IBM mode lt ESC gt 1 Selects the download character set for STAR mode lt ESC gt 10 Selects the download character set for IBM mode lt ESC gt 0 Cancels download character set for STAR mode lt ESC gt 00 Cancels download character set for IBM mode CHAPTER 10 PRINTING WITH DOT GRAPHICS Subjects covered in this chapter include e SR 10 15 s bit image graphics capabilities Printing a pre defined shape Plotting a calculated shape High resolution graphics In Chapter 9 you were introduced to a form of computer graphics you were able to actually define characters dot by dot In this chapter you ll learn to use the same principles to make SR 10 15 print whole pages of dot graphics We ll show you how to use dot graphics to create super download characters In addition you ll see how your SR 10 15 printer can be used as a graphic plotter This can have some practical business appli cations as well as create some terrific computer art COMPARING DOT GRAPHICS WITH DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS A good understanding of dot graphics requires an under standing of how dot m
8. B CHR 0 set vertical tabs There are other non printing codes that are used such as ASCII code 15 which is used to turn on condensed pitch These commands will be introduced using the BASIC CHR function e g CHR 15 SELECTING THE RIGHT SOFTWARE MODE For SR 10 15 to correctly respond to control codes you must make sure that you ve set its DIP switch properly If you re using the IBM Personal Computer you should put SR 10 15 in IBM mode If you re using other computer you should put SR 10 15 in STAR mode There are some cases where you would use IBM mode with your computer if you wish Chapters 5 through 10 discuss the control codes you send to SR 10 15 to control printing style horizontal and vertical for matting graphics and other features You ll find that many features have different codes for IBM mode and STAR mode That s it for the basics You are ready to learn how to use the many features of SR 10 15 CHAPTER 5 PRINTING TEXT WITH SR 10 15 Beginning with this chapter we will be exploring all the features of SR 10 15 In this chapter we ll cover Near letter quality characters e Italics Underlining e Superscript and subscripts e Print pitch e Print emphasis All our examples will be given in Microsoft BASIC as used by the IBM Personal Computer but remember that you don t need to know BASIC to use SR 10 15 s features Just use the same ASCII codes as we do in ou
9. CHRS 2 250 PRINT 1 DOWN CHAR PROP LINE 7 260 FOR NUM TO 9 270 PRINT 1 NUMERAL TOPS NUM BLANK 28 NEXT NUM 29 PRINT 1 CHRS 10 300 FOR NUM TO 9 310 PRINT 1 NUMERAL BOTS NUM BLANKS 320 NEXT NUM 33 PRINT 1 NOT DOWN CHAR PROP LINE 12 340 ZERO 350 DATA 11 6 8 22 8 52 120 112 64 128 360 DATA 11 64 128 64 128 96 16 100 30 4 30 4 370 DATA 11 192 48 200 48 204 6 6 6 380 DATA 11 4 12 56 192 48 192 32 192 399 ONE 400 DATA 11 32 32 32 126 410 DATA 9 48 78 48 78 48 64 0 420 DATA 11 2 2 2 2 4 10 244 10 430 DATA 9 244 10 244 2 2 2 440 TWO 450 DATA Lis 48 8 112 96 46 DATA 11 192 192 98 28 98 28 32 24 470 DATA 11 2 2 4 2 4 10 10 20 2 489 DATA 11 52 2 100 130 68 130 4 10 4 24 490 THREE I CHRS ASCII 2 CHRS ASCII 5 DATA 11 32 64 32 64 32 51 DATA ll 68 42 68 58 68 50 68 34 64 2 52 DATA 11 8 12 28 2 12 2 4 2 4 53 DATA 11 2 4 2 12 144 1 8 144 1 4 144 96 128 54 FOUR 550 DATA 11 2 36 30 4 8 560 DATA 11 2 4 2 28 2 60 64 48 570 DATA ll 16 32 80 160 80 160 16 32 18 32
10. Many of you purchased SR 10 15 to use with commercial software You made a good choice because SR 10 15 is com patible with most commercial programs from word processing programs to spreadsheet programs to accounting programs Many of these programs have a routine for describing your printer These routines are often in installation programs They typically give you a choice of printers or printer types to pick from Some typical descriptions that you might pick for SR 10 15 are TTY type printer with backspace IBM dot matrix printer Centronics type printer Dot matrix ASCII printer SR 10 15 should work fine with any of these descrip tions Some printer lists are not very clear and may not include anything that you think describes SR 10 15 If you can t decide which description best fits SR 10 15 we recommend that you narrow the list to two or three choices you can quickly eliminate all the daisywheel printer types and then experiment You won t hurt anything if you guess wrong it just won t work right This should quickly tell you if your guess is right If all else fails though your Star dealer will be happy to give you some advice Some programs don t ask you what kind of printer you have but instead they ask some questions about what your printer can do Here are the answers to the most asked questions SR 10 15 can do a backspace SR 10 15 can do a hardware form feed
11. including this one CR and lt LF gt The codes are simple but their action is a little confusing especially with BASIC Carriage return is the easiest Each time that the printer receives a CHR 13 it returns the print head to the left margin It does not advance the paper if DIP switch 2 3 is on see below Line feed is more complicated Each time the printer receives a CHR 10 it both advances the paper one line and returns the print head to the left margin ready to start a new line Now to add a little confusion most but not all versions of BASIC add a line feed CHR 10 to every carriage return CHR 13 that they send If your version of BASIC doesn t do this then you should turn DIP switch 2 3 off so that SR 10 15 will add the line feed for you When you have DIP switch 2 3 off the printer will do the same thing when it receives a carriage return as it does when it receives a line feed If you find that your printer double spaces when it should single space then you probably need to turn DIP switch 2 3 on M Reverse line feeds Your SR 10 15 printer has a unique capability it can move the paper up or down Its unique tractor design allows the paper to be fed in either direction without jamming This allows you to move around the page at will You can use this feature to print several columns of text side by side or print a graph and then move back up and insert descriptive legends As you ex p
12. lt ESC gt B CHR 3 Line 30 prints a line at 17 characters per inch The lt ESC gt B CHR amp 2 in line 40 changes SR 10 15 to elite pitch and line 50 prints a line in elite pitch Line 60 turns on proportional spacing with ESC p CHRS 1 and line 70 prints a line with proportional spacing Line 80 and line 90 reset SR 10 15 to pica pitch and line 100 prints a line in pica pitch Pica pitch and condensed pitch can be set with shortcut codes Instead of using lt ESC gt B CHR n you can set them with a single code CHRS 18 sets pica pitch and CHR 15 sets condensed pitch You can not set elite pitch with a single code H Expanded print Each of SR 10 15 s four print pitches can be enlarged to twice its normal width This is called expanded print Try this program to see how it works 10 Demo expanded mode 20 LPRINT Demonstration of 30 LPRINT CHRS 14 Expanded mode on 40 LPRINT EXPANDED 50 LPRINT CHR 29 Expanded mode off 60 LPRINT printing 70 LPRINT Notice that 80 LPRINT CHRS 14 Expanded mode on 90 LPRINT EXPANDED mode 100 LPRINT automatically turns off at end of a line 40 Demonstration of EFEXAFAPdDE ID printing Notice that EZ M FAM DED mcd e gt automatically turns off at end of a line Expanded print set with CHR 14 is automatically canceled at the end of the line This is convenient in many applications such as for one lin
13. what they were This is because lt ESC gt 3 CHR5 n sets the line spacing to 1 144 inch in the STAR mode or 7 216 inch in the IBM mode Table 6 2 shows all the line spacing commands including several shortcut commands for commonly used line spacings 51 Table 6 2 Line spacing commands Function Mode Control code IBM lt ESC gt 0 lt ESC gt 1 not attached BM not attached Define line spacing to n 72 inch STAR not attached IBM lt ESC gt A CHRS n Set to lt ESC gt A definition STAR not attached lt ESC gt 2 STAR lt ESC gt 3 CHRS amp n F B lt ESC gt 3 CHRS n STAR lt ESC gt J CHRS n inch not attached One time line feed of n 216 not attached inch lt ESC gt J CHRS n One time reverse line feed of STAR lt ESC gt j CHR3 n n 144 inch not attached One time reverse line feed of n 216 inch lt ESC gt j CHRS n Advance paper n lines Note If your computer does not support lowercase characters use CHR3 106 and CHR 97 for j and a respectively lan lt lt Lam H Moving down the page without a carriage return So far all the commands that move the paper also move the print head to the left margin And normally this is what you want Sometimes though you may wish to move down the page 52 without moving the printhead back t
14. 580 DATA 11 30 100 154 100 154 96 146 32 16 96 590 FIVE 600 DATA 11 2 4 42 76 59 68 34 610 DATA 10 68 34 68 34 68 34 64 34 64 62 DATA 1 4 24 166 24 134 2 2 630 DATA 11 2 6 128 12 240 12 240 8 240 64 SIX 65 DATA 11 6 14 39 58 1 2 66 DATA 11 70 70 79 98 112 96 670 DATA ll 224 16 232 16 236 16 198 139 2 68 DATA 11 6 14 128 124 128 120 128 112 69 SEVEN 7 DATA 11 8 16 96 16 96 16 96 16 96 16 710 DATA 9 98 16 192 16 108 16 96 64 72 DATA 11 2 6 30 62 120 128 73 DATA 9 96 128 9 74 EIGHT 75 DATA 11 24 36 24 102 24 102 76 DATA 11 194 194 198 56 68 56 68 56 770 DATA ll 48 72 52 200 54 200 6 128 2 2 780 DATA 11 6 128 14 240 12 240 8 112 79 NINE 8 DATA 11 30 32 30 96 30 96 192 100 81 DATA 11 192 192 194 32 222 32 94 32 30 820 DATA 11 12 28 142 198 198 198 830 DATA 11 206 156 248 240 224 849 SPACE 859 DATA 11 0 0 0 SUMMARY Control code Function lt ESC gt 1 n n2 m0 ml
15. 80 To send a form feed command to SR 10 15 you must add 128 to it making it CHR 140 Use CHR 140 where we use CHR 12 in these programs H Reverse form feed Just as SR 10 15 can perform a reverse line feed it can do a reverse form feed This code moves the paper so that the print head is positioned at the top of the current page This can be used for example to print text in a multi column magazine format print the first column then reverse form feed back to the top of the page to start the second column The code for reverse form feed is easy to remember lt ESC gt FF 95 Table 6 3 Form feed commands Function Mode Control code STAR Roce Die i a pum STAR i IBM CHANGING THE PAGE LENGTH You may have some computer forms that you wish to use with SR 10 15 that are not 11 inches high That s no problem because you can tell SR 10 15 how high the forms are that you are using There are two commands for doing this shown in this table Table 6 4 Form length commands Function Mode Control code Set the page length to n lines lt ESC gt C CHRS n lt ESC gt C CHRS 0 CHR Let s set up a 7 inch high form length which is typical of many computer checks The following program will do it 1 Demo variable form lengths 20 LPRINT CHR 27 C CHR Q CHR 7 Form length 7 inches 30 LPRINT Pay to the order of 40 LPRINT CHR 12 Form feed 50
16. 9 9 Character designs for the three graph symbols 88 Our chart would hardly be complete with just a picture of a chemist s flask so in Figure 9 9 we ve made completed grids for some other symbols an automobile and a gun quite a strange mix of characters The information on the grids is now complete except for proportional width data a more advanced topic we ll take up shortly H Download character definition command You ve read through a long explanation of download characters and we haven t even told you the command syntax yet Now the wait is over This is the most complex command in the SR 10 15 repertoire and now you ve got the necessary knowledge to im plement it Here it is For STAR mode ESC ni n2 m ml m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9 ml mll For IBM mode ESC amp CHRS Q n1 n2 m ml m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9 mi j mll Like the other SR 10 15 commands it starts with an lt ESC gt CHRS 27 The next character is an asterisk CHR 42 followed by 1 or an ampersand amp CHR 38 followed by a CHR3 0 nl and n2 are used to specify the ASCII values of the characters you are defining The reason that there are two bytes reserved for this is that SR 10 15 allows you to define many characters with just a single command n is used to specify the beginning of a range of characters to be defined n2 specifies the end of the range For instance if you wanted to change the appearance
17. CHR 27 R CHRS 6 55 LPRINT CHRS 27 O Clear top amp bottom margins Now when you run the program with STAR mode SR 10 15 will skip the first six lines and the last six lines on each page Always send a form feed after setting the top margin or it will not work on the first page printed That s because the top margin only takes effect after a form feed Line 14 sets the top margin line 12 sets the bottom margin and line 55 clears both margins when we are done SUMMARY Control code Function CHR3 10 Line feed lt ESC gt CHRS 10 Reverse line feed CHR3 13 Carriage return lt ESC A CHR3 n Set line spacing to n 72 inch for STAR mode lt ESC gt 3 CHR3 n Set line spacing to 7 144 inch for STAR mode 58 a This 16 line O i This is line T This 15 line This 1s line 4 This is line amp This 15 line amp This 15 line 7 This 15 line This 15 line 9 ze Lis This This 1 line 52 This s line 52 This is line 54 is 1s line SS Sis line 110 O This 1s line 111 This 15 line 11 This is iine 117 This 15 line 114 This is line 115 This 1s line 116 Thi amp 18 line 117 This 15 line 112 This 1 line 119 5 18 line 120 11 1 line 121 mm lt ESC gt 0 Set line spacing to 1 8 inch lt ESC gt 1 Set line spacing to 7 72 inch lt ESC gt 2 Set line spacing to 1 6 inch for STAR mode lt ESC gt J CHR
18. J SR 10 15 USER S MANUAL i i NOT INTENDED FOR SALE Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement The equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instructions may cause in terference to radio and television reception It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures 9 Reorient the receiving antenna Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver 9 Move the computer away from the receiver 9 Plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on different branch circuits If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced redio television technician for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Identify and
19. Try this to see how the CHR function works NEW l LPRINT CHR 83 RUN That should print an S for Star If you check the chart in Appendix B you will see that 83 is the ASCII code for S 29 B Control codes SR 10 15 uses many of the non printing ASCII codes for control codes These codes perform a function rather than printing a character Let s try an easy one right now NEW 10 LPRINT CHR 7 RUN Where did that noise come from That s SR 10 15 s bell We will learn more about it in Chapter 8 We just wanted to illustrate a code that causes SR 10 15 to perform a function H The escape code There s one ASCII code that we are going to be using more than all the rest This is ASCII 27 which is called escape In BASIC it is CHR 27 With all of SR 10 15 s advanced features there weren t enough single ASCII codes to access all of them So escape is used to start sequences of control codes that open a wider range of functions to us While you must call this code CHR 27 in BASIC we are going to refer to it as lt ESC gt in this book This will make it much easier to recognize when we use it A typical escape code sequence starts with lt ESC gt which is followed by one or more CHR codes As an example the escape code sequence to turn on emphasized print is lt ESC gt CHRS 69 In a program this would look like this NEW 1G LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 69 20 LPRINT TESTING RUN Try t
20. When it s on line the printer can receive data from the computer When it s off line the printer sends a signal to the computer indicating that it cannot accept data When you turn the power switch on you are automatically on line There are other kinds of controls not connected to the control panel board Some of the more Important ones are POWER SWITCH Towards the back on the right side This turns on the electricity to your machine PLATEN KNOB Middle right side Lets you manually turn the platen just like a typewriter CAUTION Turn this knob only with power switch off Turning it with the power on could damage the platen drive gears RELEASE LEVER On top near the left rear corner You ll be using this particular control often What it does is control the pressure of the paper against the platen Its position is crucial to feeding the different paper types sprocket and single sheets It has three settings Friction Set and Tractor The first two are used for single sheet printing and the Tractor position for sprocket paper This will be fully explained in the section describing paper loading procedures BAIL LEVER The bail is the movable bar that presses the paper against the platen during printing and when moved away from the platen allows the paper to reach its proper position during the loading operation The lever which controls it is on the right side of the platen PAPER OUT DE
21. closes device 4 The appendix gives more information about listing programs on various computers Find the appendix that tells how your computer works and try it Now that we all know how our computers address the printer let s try listing a BASIC program Load a BASIC program and 28 LLIST it or however your computer does it We ve crossed the first major hurdle learning how to list programs on SR 10 15 Now we are ready to jump into the world of programming with SR 10 15 But first there are a few fundamentals that we need to cover H Establishing communications We ve learned something about communicating with our printer Now we need to adapt what we know to printing in a BASIC program Generally computers use about the same procedure for printing in a program as they do to list a program Let s try what we learned Type the following NEW 10 LPRINT TESTING RUN Remember we use LPRINT you may have to use something else At any rate you should have the word TESTING on your printer Quite an achievement isn t it Let s get done with this simple stuff so that we can go on to something interesting H The CHR function We mentioned CHR in Chapter 3 as one way to express ASCII codes We are going to use it a lot in communicating with SR 10 15 SR 10 15 uses many of the ASCII code that don t represent letters and numbers The CHR function gives us an easy way to send these codes to the printer
22. command EE a y MM TIT TEN ee LP PR NE CC EP See S ET RN IET IET E T Y NOT TY RT Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Printing Download Characters Erasing Download Character Definitions Defining Proportional Characters Connecting characters Summary Printing With Dot Graphics 103 Comparing Dot Grapphics With Download Characters Using the Dot Graphics Commands Specifying the number of columns of dots Specifying the graphics data Combining text and graphics Printing a Design or Logo Plotting With SR 10 15 How the program works High Resolution Graphics If You Have Problems With BASIC Summary Basic Maintenance 121 Cleaning SR 10 15 Replacing the Ink Ribbon Replacing a Fuse Replacing the Print Head DIP Switch Settings 129 Switch Functions ASCII Codes 133 Character Style Charts 141 Function Code Reference 159 Commands to Control Print Style Front style controls Font pitch controls Special print modes Commands to Control Vertical Position of Print Head Line feed controls Form feed controls Vertical tabs Commands to Control Horizontal Position of Print Head Download Character Commands Commands to Control Graphics Macro Instruction Commands Other Commands Command Summary in Numeric Order 203 ASCII Code Conversion Chart 207 Appendix G Technical Specifications Appendix H The Parallel Interface Appendix I Appendix J Functions
23. dot graphics mode text mode which includes download characters prints 60 dots per inch USING THE DOT GRAPHICS COMMANDS The command to print normal density 60 dots per inch hor izontal 72 dots per inch vertical dot graphics uses this format lt ESC gt K nd n2 ml m2 Just like many of the other codes you have learned the com mand starts with an escape sequence lt ESC gt K in this case But unlike SR 10 15 s other codes there can be any number of graphics data bytes following the command That s where n and n2 come in they are used to tell SR 10 15 how many bytes of graphics data to expect B Specifying the number of columns of dots To figure the values of n and n2 you ll need to figure out how wide your graphic image will be remember that there are 60 columns of dots per inch in normal density Then comes the fun part converting one number the number of columns of dots into two Why is it necessary to use two numbers to tell SR 10 15 the number of graphics codes to expect Because the largest number we can send in one byte that s what the BASIC CHRS function sends one byte is 255 And with normal density graphics 104 it s possible to have a graphics image as wide as 480 dots on SR 10 or 816 dots on SR 15 So to figure out how many columns of graphics data to expect SR 10 15 multiplies n2 by 256 and adds the value of n If you divide the number of columns by 256 then n2 is
24. gt B CHR3 3 Sets condensed pitch for STAR mode lt ESC gt p 1 Proportional on lt ESC gt p 0 Proportional off CHR3 18 Sets pica pitch CHR 15 Sets condensed pitch CHR3 14 One line expanded lt ESC gt CHR 14 One line expanded CHR 20 One line expanded off lt ESC gt W 1 Expanded on lt ESC gt W 0 Expanded off lt ESC gt G Double strike on lt ESC gt H Double strike off lt ESC gt E Emphasized on lt ESC gt F Emphasized off lt ESC gt n Master select for STAR mode lt ESC gt P n Master select for IBM mode 46 CHAPTER 6 LINE SPACING AND FORMS CONTROL We have learned how to print in many different ways but so far we haven t looked at how to position the printing on the page In this chapter we will learn how to Change the vertical spacing Change the length of the page Set top and bottom margins STARTING NEW LINES Up until now the only time we have thought about printing on a new line is when we didn t want it to happen We learned that putting a semicolon at the end of a BASIC line will not end the line of printing So somehow the computer is telling the printer when to end one line and start another There are two codes that are used to end one line and start another They are carriage return CHR 13 and line feed CHRS 10 Like the espace code they have been given abbre viations which you ll find in many texts
25. have wondered why it s called a bell when it beeps instead of ringing It s a long story that goes back to the early days of computers when teletype machines were used for computer terminals These mechanical marvels had a bell in them that could be heard for blocks This bell was used to signal the operator that something needed attention The code that the computer sent to the teletype machine to ring the bell was rea sonably enough called a bell code Well the name bell code is still with us even if the bell has changed to a beeper and a lot of people still call the beeper a bell even if it doesn t sound like one So with our trivia lesson out of the way let s see how we can ring the bell The code to sound SR 10 15 s bell is CHRS 7 which is ASCII code 7 or lt BEL gt Any time SR 10 15 receives this code it will sound the bell for a quarter of a second This can be used to remind an operator to change the paper or to make another adjustment to the printer Note to Apple users Entering a CHR 7 will sound Apple s bell the code will not be sent to SR 10 15 You can try this by typing LPRINT CHR 7 There are two other codes that affect the bell One disables the bell so that SR 10 15 will ignore a CHR and the other turns the bell back on All three codes that affect the bell are shown in the following table Table 8 1 Bell commands Function Sound bell STAR CHRS 7 Disable bel
26. helpful to write the dot values 128 64 107 32 etc down the left side of each row Then after you ve filled in the dots that you want to print it s time to get out the old calculator again Just as you did with download characters add up the values of each column of dots this makes up one byte In the program below we ve taken the logo graphics infor mation and put it into BASIC DATA statements The program itself is short and simple The loop starting at line 100 reads the data statements into a string array variable called LOGOS In line 170 we change the line spacing to 8 72 inch so that the lines of graphics data will connect vertically The actual printing is done in the loop between lines 180 and 210 line 190 sends the graphics control code to SR 10 15 and line 200 sends one line of graphics data The printout from the program is shown right below the program M m fan uH un Te 1 j AE bh ij Hr hs i i Habt Li i H t Ya i d 2 ipga jf H di ELI pee Dip ERI emesis Figure 10 2 By laying out the logo on graph paper you can calculate all of the graphics data 10 Prints S amp S logo 20 LINE 8 CHR 27 4CHR 65 CHR 8 30 Set line spacing to 1 6 40 LINE 12 CHR 27 CHRS 5 50 Select dot graphics 108 6 GRAPHICS CHR 27 4CHR 75 7 DIM LOGOS 4 8 WIDTH LPT1 255 90 READ D
27. if you are running out of continuous paper SR 10 15 has the ability to print right to the bottom of the sheet You can disable the paper out detector so that it doesn t stop the printer This will allow you to print to the end of the sheet and even beyond if you are not careful The codes to control the paper out detector along with the other codes that we have just learned are in the following table Table 8 2 Some miscellaneous commands Function Mode Control cole STAR IBM ua Paper out detector off lt ESC gt 8 B lt ESC gt 8 lt ESC gt 9 Move print head back one STAR CHRS 8 space CHR 8 Delete last character sent STAR CHR 12 CHR 127 Cancel text in print buffer Print zero with slash IBM lt ESC gt 1 Print zero without slash STAR lt ESC gt 0 IBM lt ESC gt Y 0 NM lt lt lt 69 H Backspace delete and cancel text Backspace CHR 8 backs up the printhead so that you can print two characters right on top of each other Each time SR 10 15 receives a backspace it moves the printhead one char acter to the left instead of to the right You can strike over multiple letters by sending more than one backspace code Delete CHR 127 also backs up one character but then it erases the previous character it s erased from SR 10 15 s buffer not from the paper Canc
28. is set to 17 This line spacing is set to 18 This line spacing is set to 19 This line spacing is set to 2O This line spacing is set to 21 This line spacing is set to 22 This line spacing is set to 23 This line spacing is set to 24 This line spacing is set to 25 Line spacing is set to 1 6 inch nomal 49 Line 30 changes the line spacing The command lt ESC gt A CHR n changes the line spacing to n 72 of an inch The loop that is started in line 10 increases the value of n the variable I in the program each time it is executed So the line spacing in creases as the program continues Line 20 just shortcuts the loop when I 13 since BASIC won t let us send CHR 13 without adding an unwanted CHR 10 to it Finally the lt ESC gt 2 in line 60 resets the line spacing to 6 lines per inch This is a shortcut that is the same as lt ESC gt A CHR 12 When you run this program with IBM mode you cannot get the printout as shown above The command lt ESC gt A CHR n in IBM mode only defines the line spacing as n 72 of an inch the lt ESC gt 2 command changes the line spacing to the amount defind by the previous lt ESC A So you need to change the following lines to the previous program as shown below for the IBM mode 30 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHRS I LPRINT CHR 27 ES 70 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHR 12 LPRINT CHRS 27 uon You may wonder why they picked 1 72 of an in
29. lt ESC gt 0 Again that s simple Let s try it with this program 1 Demo underlining 20 LPRINT CHR 27 CHRS 1 Underline on 30 LPRINT This phrase is UNDERLINED 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 9 Underline off 50 LPRINT this is not It should come out like this This phrase is UNDERLINED this is not In this program underline is turned on in line 20 with lt ESC gt CHRS l and then off in line 40 with lt ESC gt CHR3 0 There s a new little wrinkle in this program though It all printed on one line The semicolons at the end of the first three lines told BASIC that those lines were to be contin M ued Therefore BASIC didn t send a carriage return and line feed at the end of those lines We just did this to illustrate that all these control codes can be used in the middle of a line It s easy to underline or italicize only part of a line H Superscripts and subscripts SR 10 15 can print in two different heights of characters The smaller characters are called superscripts and subscripts and are half the height of normal characters Superscripts print even with the tops of regular printing while subscripts print even with the bottom of regular printing They are frequently used to reference footnotes and in mathematical formulas Table 5 4 has the codes for using superscripts and subscripts Table 5 4 Superscript and subscript commands Function Mode Co
30. nl n2 ml m2 or lt ESC gt CHR Q n1 Quadruple density STAR lt ESC gt z nl n2 ml m2 240 dots inch or ESC g CHR 3 n1 IBM lt ESC gt Z nl n2 ml m2 or lt ESC gt CHR 3 n1 CRT graphics 80 dots inch Plotter graphics 72 dots inch IBM lt Oe gt CHR3 5 n1 n2 ml m2 rm x CHR 6 n1 n2 ml m2 Note If your computer does not support lowercase characters use CHR 103 CHR 121 and CHR 122 for g y and z re spectively CRT graphics type II 90 dots inch Quadruple density graphics 117 So if quadruple density looks so great why not use it all the time Let s try an experiment on your printer which will show just how the different density modes work Using the logo program in this chapter change line 60 to try each of the different modes Just change the CHRS 75 to g CHRS 1 g CHRS 2 g CHR3 3 g CHRS 4 g CHR 5 g CHR 6 in turn for the STAR mode For the IBM mode use x instead of g Your print outs should look something like this Normal density graphics S amp S Double density graphics S amp S Double density double speed MUN Quadruple density graphics 56 5 CRT graphics S 5 Plotter graphics S amp S CRT graphics type I1 As you can see the different modes seem to condense the printed image So t
31. of proliferating microcomputers even this presents a problem It seems that every computer uses a different system of communicating with the printer We are going to tell you about some of the more common ways and hope that between this and your computer s BASIC manual you will be able to stay with us First on our list is Microsoft BASIC s way of communicating with the printer They just add an L to the beginning of the LIST and PRINT commands making them LLIST and LPRINT This method is used by more computers than any other and so we will use it throughout this book after telling the rest of you how to follow along Microsoft BASIC is used by TRS 80 computers IBM PC computers many CP M computers and many other computers Look in your BASIC manual it will probably say if it s Microsoft BASIC Next we need to talk about Apple II computers They have a real simple system To list a program that you have loaded into memory just type PR 1 LIST PR The PR 1 says send everything to the printer the LIST sends it and the PR 0 says OK back to the screen now Some other computers require you to open the printer as a numbered device and then direct the output to that device For example to list a program on the printer with a Commodore C 64 computer you type the following OPEN4 4 CMD4 LIST CLOSE4 This says that the printer is device 4 directs the output to it lists the program and finally
32. of the numerals from 0 to 9 which have ASCII codes 48 through 57 for the STAR mode the command would begin with lt ESC gt CHR 1 CHR 48 CHR 57 Of course you can also define individual characters by making n and n2 equal moO is called the attribute byte for it describes two attributes of the character we have designed descender data and propor tional width information A byte consists of eigth bits In the attribute byte the first high order bit is used for the descender data and the last seven bits are used for proportional widths 89 Well be discussing proportional character widths in detail later in this chapter for now we ll leave it at 11 The descender data was discussed earlier to use the top eight pins this bit should be 1 to use the bottom eight pins this bit should be 0 Figure 9 10 shows the bits of the attribute byte as we ll use them for our flask character By now you ve probably seen an easier way to determine the value of the attribute byte Instead of translating everything to binary merely assign the descender data a value of 128 the value of the first bit if you dont t want descenders or 0 if you want descenders Then just add the descender data to the proportional width This way it s simply a matter of adding two decimal numbers In our case it s 128 11 139 O 000 1011 11 decimal Descender Starting Ending data print column print column Figure 9 10 The at
33. or CHR 9 This is why we used only six pins in our plotting program That s one solution to one probiem You ll find more of each with specific information for your computer in the appropriate appendix SUMMARY Control code Function ESC K n n2 ml m2 Print n1 256 n2 columns of normal density graphics ESC L nl n2 ml m2 Print double density graphics lt ESC gt y nl n2 ml m2 Print double density graphics at double speed for STAR mode lt ESC gt Y n n2 ml m2 Print double density graphics at double speed for IBM mode lt ESC gt z nl n2 ml m2 Print quadruple density graphics for STAR mode 119 lt ESC gt Z nl n2 ml m2 Print quadruple density graphics for IBM mode lt ESC gt g nO nl n2 ml m2 Master graphics selection for STAR mode lt ESC gt nO nl n2 ml m2 Master graphics selection for IBM mode 120
34. the same circuit as large noise producing motors Power supply voltage should be the same voltage that s specified on the identification plate not over 10 more or less than the recommended AC voltage Warning Extremely high or low voltage can damage your printer WHAT HAVE WE HERE Now let s take a look at what s in the carton Take it slow and easy and check each item in the box against Figure 1 1 There should be exactly 8 items Figure 1 1 Inside the carton you should have received 1 SR 10 15 printer 2 cut sheet guide 3 continuous paper guide 4 power cord 5 platen knob 6 spare fuse 7 ribbon cartridge and 8 this user s manual Let s move on the next step B Removing the printer covers What are covers for really Primarily for two reasons one to keep dust and dirt away from the delicate innards and two to keep the noise level down The front cover must be on or SR 10 15 will not print So you should keep the covers on all the time except when setting the ink ribbon cartridge in place loading paper or making other adjustments when the cover might be in the way SR 10 15 has two covers front and back Both operate in the same way To remove them lift up the free end nearest the center of the printer so that the cover makes approximately a 45 angle with the printer frame then with a slight rocking motion lift it straight up and off the machine To replace jus
35. to begin setting horizontal tabs It must be followed by characters representing the positions that you want the tabs set In our program we are setting tabs in columns 7 14 and 21 The CHR 0 at the end ends the string of tabs In fact any character that is not greater than the previous one will stop setting tabs This means that you must put all your tab values in order from least to greatest or they won t all get set It also means that a CHRS 1 is just as good as a CHR 0 for ending a group of tabs some computers have trouble sending CHRS3S 0 When you run the program now it produces this one two three four The words are now closer together but still evenly spaced Turn your printer off and on again to reset the default tabs H A one shot tab command Suppose you need to move to a position across the page but you only need to do it once It doesn t make much sense to set up a tab to use only one time There must be an easier way and of course there is The solution is called a one time tab and is lt ESC gt b CHR3 n This command moves the print head n columns to the right It has the same effect as sending n spaces to the printer 62 Table 7 1 Horizontal tab commands Function Mode Control code Advance to next tab position IBM STAR lt ESC gt D CHRS n CHRS n2 CHRS 0 IBM lt ESC gt D CHR nI CHR n2 CHR 0 One time tab of n spaces STAR ESC b
36. to use a ball point pen to lightly press the ribbon guide against the platen runbber roller while you insert the ribbon into the thin space between the print head and ribbon guide Important Center the ribbon vertically in the middle of the print head to avoid misprints or the ribbon coming off during printing 6 Turn the spool gear knob in the direction of the arrow printed on the top left side of the cartridge to take up the slack in the ribbon continue turning the spool gear four or five times to verify that everything is properly set and ready to roll 7 As a final step replace the front cover As you ll learn in Chapter 2 SR 10 15 refuses to print unless the front cover is securely in place A glowing pause lamp warns of a loose cover When this occurs do the obvious thing fasten the cover securely press the pause button to douse the green light and you re back in business Figure 1 7 Use a ball point pen to place the ribbon between the print head and the ribbon guide It s important that the ribbon is centered vertically between the print head and the ribbon guide CONNECTING SR 10 15 TO YOUR COMPUTER To complete the installation you ll need to connect SR 10 15 to your computer Figure 1 8 shows where the cable connects but there s more that you need to know Find the appendix and follow the guidelines for making connections interfacing and for setting the DIP switches If you cannot connec
37. ways of referring to the same set of codes the character or name of the code the decimal ASCII value the hexadecimal ASCII value and the control value For example the code that causes SR 10 15 to advance the paper one line is ASCII 10 decimal This code is commonly referred to by all the following names line feed its name lt LF gt the abbreviation of its name ASCII 10 its decimal value ASCII QAH its hexadecimal value the H signifies hex CHR 10 the way it s used in BASIC control J the way you send it from a keyboard There s a chart in Appendix F that shows these side by side so that you can convert back and forth The reason that we are telling you all this about ASCII codes is that people are not very consistent about how they describe ASCII codes We are going to help you use SR 10 15 with commercial software but we don t know what its documentation is going to call the various codes So if you know all the different things that the codes might be called it will be easier to figure out what it is trying to tell you Now armed with the knowledge of what to look for you can delve into the manuals of your commercial software and dig out the secrets of how to send control codes to your printer When you find the method that your program uses then you can shop through this manual to find the function that you want to use 25 By translating the codes from the system that
38. 55 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 ROW4 570 DATA 0 248 248 240 224 224 112 112 56 56 580 DATA 56 56 56 120 120 240 240 224 224 192 590 DATA 128 0 0 0 0 0 192 224 240 240 600 DATA 240 248 248 248 120 120 56 56 56 56 610 DATA 48 112 224 224 224 224 240 240 248 248 620 DATA 120 120 56 56 56 56 120 240 224 224 630 DATA 192 128 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 640 DATA 0 248 248 240 224 224 112 112 56 56 650 DATA 56 56 56 120 120 240 240 2245 224 192 660 DATA 128 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S amp S If you are using with the IBM mode change the following lines to the program given above 20 LINE 8 CHRS 27 CHRS 65 CHRS 8 CHRS 27 CHRS 59 40 LINE 12S CHR 27 CHRS 65 CHRS 12 CHRS 27 CHRS 50 PLOTTING WITH SR 10 15 This section of the manual gets into more serious BASIC programming just because it s required in order to have the computer act as a plotter driver Don t be intimidated while it s beyond the scope of this manual to teach BASIC if you try the examples and take it slowly you should be doing some fancy plotting of your own before you know it If designing and calculating dot graphics images by laying them out on graph paper seems too tedious to you then let the computer do the work for you With your computer doing the calculations 110 and SR 10 15 plotting the output you can come up with some terrific business graphs charts and mathematical function plots The best way to do this is to set up an array in memor
39. 629 630 Xl Yl 10 X2 20 Y2 19 640 GOSUB 270 650 X1 1 Yl X2 10 Y2 20 660 GOSUB 279 670 X1 Yl 19 680 FOR X2 TO 20 STEP 2 690 Y2 10 9 SIN 3 14159 X2 10 GOSUB 270 700 NEXT X2 710 RETURN HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS Up until now all of the dot graphics printing we have done has been with SR 10 15 s normal density mode This can give you some pretty sharp Images at great speed Sometimes though you may want to create an image with even higher resolution SR 10 15 has seven graphics modes you can use they re sum marized in Table 10 2 The command syntax for all of the commands is the same just as you have learned it for the lt ESC gt K normal density command The number of columns to be printed is n7 256 x n2 So what do these different modes do On the following pages are actual size reproductions of printouts of the same image printed in each of the four typical different graphics modes They were all printed using the plotting program in this chapter with a rather complex set of formulas starting at line 600 Normal density graphics Table 10 2 Dot graphics commands TAR M IB lt ESC gt K nl n2 ml m2 or lt ESC gt CHR 0 n1 Double density TAR M 120 dots inch IB lt ESC gt L n n2 ml m2 or lt ESC gt x CHRS 1 n1 Double density with double Speed 120 dots inch IBM lt ESC gt Y
40. ATA 100 FOR ROW 1 TO 4 110 FOR COLUMN 1 TO 196 120 READ P 130 LOGOS ROW LOGOS ROW CHRS P 140 NEXT COLUMN 150 NEXT ROW 160 PRINT LOGO 170 LPRINT LINE 8 180 FOR ROW 1 TO 4 190 LPRINT GRAPHIC CHR 19Q CHRS 200 LPRINT LOGOS ROW 210 NEXT ROW 220 LPRINT LINE 12 230 ROW 1 240 DATA 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 7 7 15 250 DATA 14 14 14 14 14 7 7 3 3 15 260 DATA 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 DATA 0 1 3 3 7 7 15 14 14 14 280 DATA 14 15 7 7 7 3 0 0 0 0 299 DATA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 DATA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 319 DATA 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 7 7 15 320 DATA 14 14 14 14 14 7 7 3 3 15 330 DATA 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 340 ROW 2 350 DATA 0 0 60 255 255 255 255 255 143 15 360 DATA 7 7 7 7 3 3 3 131 193 241 370 DATA 240 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 380 DATA 121 253 253 255 255 255 143 7 7 7 390 DATA 31 253 252 248 248 240 192 0 7 15 4090 DATA 31 31 15 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 410 DATA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 DATA 0 0 60 255 255 255 255 255 143 15 430 DATA 7 7 7 7 3 3 3 131 193 241 440 DATA 240 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 ROW 3 460 DATA 0 31 31 3 129 128 192 192 192 192 470 DATA 192 224 224 224 224 240 255 255 255 255 480 DATA 255 127 0 0 0 0 63 127 255 255 490 DATA 255 255 193 128 128 128 128 192 224 240 109 5 DATA 252 255 255 255 127 63 31 7 7 31 510 DATA 254 252 248 224 128 0 0 3 7 7 520 DATA 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 DATA 0 31 31 3 129 128 192 192 192 192 540 DATA 192 224 224 224 224 240 255 255 255 255 550 DATA 2
41. CHR3 n IBM lt ESC gt b CHRS n Note If your computer does not support lowercase characters use CHR5 98 for b Set tabs at n1 n2 etc SETTING LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS SR 10 15 s left and right margins work just like a typewriter once they are set all the printing is done between them The commands to set the margins are given in the following table Table 7 2 Left and right margin commands STAR lt ESC gt M CHRS n Set right margin at column n STAR lt ESC gt Q CHR n IBM lt ESC gt Q CHR n Try setting SR 10 15 s margins with this program for STAR mode 16 Demo margins 20 GOSUB 70 30 LPRINT CHR 27 M CHRS 1 Left margin 19 40 LPRINT CHR 27 Q CHRS 7 Right margin 70 50 GOSUB 7 60 END 70 FOR I 1 TO 80 89 LPRINT X 90 NEXT I 100 LPRINT 110 RETURN 63 The first thing that this program does is to branch to the subroutine that starts in line 70 This subroutine prints 80 X s in a row The first time that the subroutine is used all the X s fit in one line Then line 30 sets the left margin to 10 and line 40 sets the right margin to 70 Once again the subroutine is used but this time the X s won t all fit on one line since there is now only room for 60 characters between the margins Run the program The results will look like this XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
42. CHRS 27 CHRS 2 90 LPRINT This line is normal printing When you run this program you should get the same as the previous result 44 Expanded Pica Expanded Elite Expanded Condensed Table 5 8 Master Select and the 256 ASCII Codes Emphasized takes precedence over condensed Elite takes precedence over Emphasized Emphasized takes precedence over condensed 45 Elite takes precedence over Emphasized Elite takes precedence over Emphasized Emphasized takes precedence over condensed SUMMARY Function Near letter quality on for STAR mode Near letter quality off for STAR mode Control code lt ESC gt B CHR 4 lt ESC gt B CHR 5 lt ESC gt 4 Near letter quality on for IBM mode lt ESC gt 5 Near letter quality off for IBM mode lt ESC gt 4 Italic on for STAR mode lt ESC gt 5 Italic off for STAR mode lt ESC gt P 1 Italic on for IBM mode lt ESC gt I 0 Italic off for IBM mode lt ESC gt Underline on lt ESC gt 0 Underline off lt ESC gt S 0 Superscript on lt ESC gt S 1 Subscript on lt ESC gt T Super amp subscript off lt ESC gt B CHR 1 Sets pica pitch for STAR mode lt ESC gt P Sets pica pitch for IBM mode lt ESC gt B CHR 2 Sets elite pitch for STAR mode ESC M Sets elite pitch for IBM mode lt ESC
43. Figure 2 9 Pulling the adjustment lever towards you will widen the gap pushing it away from you will narrow the gap Adjustment lever Figure 2 9 The adjustment lever allows for different thicknesses of paper Five positions are available you can feel the lever clicking into the various notches The second step illustrated is the one most commonly used for single sheets of paper The lever is nearly straight up in this position You shouldn t encounter any difficulty in finding the right gap setting to fit your paper If necessary experiment you ll soon find the best position for the paper you re using PRASE cc SELF TEST The self test is a trial run of your beautiful new machine SR 10 15 carries a built in program that prints out sample lines of letters numbers and other characters to show you that everything s in good working order It also serves as a display of the characters available in the SR 10 15 And finally it s a warm up that permits you to check your installation of ribbon and paper and the adjustment of the print head gap Best of all you don t have to wait another minute you can print the self test without hooking up the SR 10 15 to your computer It s as simple as 1 2 3 1 Plug the printer s power cord into an electrical outlet 2 Insert a sheet of paper or sprocket paper either one 3 While holding down the LF button turn the power switch on
44. Finally line 110 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of a new page and then uses the master reset to restore SR 10 15 to the power on condition You can also set SR 10 15 to print in one direction for one line only by using the command ESC lt This command immediately moves the printhead to the left margin and then prints the remainder of the line from left to right H The seven bit dilemma Certain computers most notably the Apple IT don t have the capability to send eight bits on their parallel interface They can only send seven bits This would make it impossible for these computers to use SR 10 15 s block graphics characters and special symbols if Star s engineers hadn t thought of a solution All of these characters have ASCII codes greater than 127 which means that the eighth bit must be on to use them The solution lies in the three control codes given in the following table Table 8 4 Eight bit control commands Control code lt ESC gt gt BM lt ESC gt Accept the eighth bit as is STAR lt ESC gt i from the computer IBM lt ESC gt PS Di M 3 72 H Block graphics characters and special symbols Besides the upper and lower case letters and symbols that we are by now familiar with SR 10 15 has a whole different set of characters that are for special uses These characters include block graphics characters for drawing
45. LPRINT Pay to the order of This program should print Pay to the order of twice and they should be 7 inches apart Line 20 sets the form length to 7 inches After line 30 prints line 40 sends a form feed advance the paper to the top of the next form Line 50 then prints its message 56 After you have run this program turn off the printer and adjust the top of form position When you turn the printer back on the page length will be reset to its normal setting usually 11 inches TOP AND BOTTOM MARGINS Many programs that use a printer don t keep track of where they are printing on the page This causes a problem when you get to the bottom of a page because these programs just keep on printing right over the perforation This makes it very hard to read especially if a line happens to fall right on the perforation And if you separate the pages then you are really in trouble Of course SR 10 15 has a solution to this predicament SR 10 15 can keep track of the position on the page and advance the paper so that you won t print too near the perforation There are two commands to do this One controls the space at the top of the page and the other controls the space at the bottom of the page The control codes are given in the following table Table 6 5 Top and bottom margin commands Function Mode Control code IBM lt ESC gt r CHR n Clear top and bottom margins STAR lt ESC gt
46. Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 For compliance with Federal Noise Interference Standard this equipment requires a shielded cable A note about the programs in this manual This manual contains several programs that help to demonstrate the versatility of the SR 10 15 printers Star Mfg Co Ltd has made every effort to insure that the programs are functional and accurate However Star Mfg Co Ltd cannot guarantee their accuracy or suitability to any particular application Trademark Acknowledgement SR 10 SR 15 Star Mfg Co Ltd grafstar Star Micronics Apple Apple IT Apple II Apple Ile Applesoft Apple computer Inc Commodore C 64 Commodore Business Machines Inc Compaq Compaq Computer corporation CP M Digital Research IBM Personal Computer IBM PC International Business Machines Corp Kaypro Kaypro Computer Corporation Microsoft BASIC Microsoft Corporation Osborne 1 Osborne Computer Corporation TRS 80 Radio Shack a division of Tandy Corporation Copyright 1984 Star Mfg Co Ltd A Special Message to the New Owner You re to be congratulated on selecting the printer of choice for both the sophisticated as well as the first time user owner the new SR 10 15 Right now before you even start readying your SR 10 15 for action we d like to impress you with these two tho
47. S n One time line feed of n 144 inch for STAR mode lt ESC gt j CHR3 n One time reverse line feed of n 144 inch for STAR mode lt ESC gt a CHR n Advance the paper n lines lt ESC gt A CHR n Define line spacing of n 72 inch for IBM mode lt ESC gt 2 Use lt ESC gt A definition for IBM mode lt ESC gt 3 CHR3 n Set line spacing to 7 216 inch for IBM mode lt ESC gt J CHR n One time line feed of n 216 inch for IBM mode 59 lt ESC gt j CHRS n CHRS 12 lt ESC gt lt ESC gt lt ESC gt lt ESC gt lt ESC gt lt ESC gt lt ESC gt CHRS 12 C CHR n One time reverse line feed of n 216 inch for IBM mode Form feed Reverse form feed Set page length to n lines C CHR 0 CHR n R CHR n r CHR n N CHRS n s Set page length to n inches Set top margin start printing on line n for STAR mode Set top margin start printing on line n for IBM mode Set bottom margin leave n lines blank Clear top and bottom margins 60 CHAPTER 7 FORMATTING YOUR OUTPUT You have probably used the tab and margin features on a typewriter They make it easier to format the text on a page SR 10 15 also has tabs and margins that you can set But it goes beyond the capabilities of a typewriter because besides having tabs that go across the page called horizontal tabs SR 10 15 has vertica
48. TECTOR This sensor automatically stops printing and tells you when the printer runs out of sprocket paper The paper out lamp glows red and a beep tone alerts you when the printer runs out of paper The pause lamp also glows so you are ready to load more paper The lamp also glows if the release lever is not set in the tractor position for sprocket paper loading FRONT COVER OPEN DETECTOR When the front cover is not fully closed this magnetic detector causes the pause lamp to glow and printing is interrupted or won t begin If this happens printing may be re started by securely closing the cover and pressing the pause button DIP SWITCHES Primarily these switches are used in inter facing SR 10 15 to your particular brand of computer But there are also switches to set the power on default settings for print style and page size See the appendix for a complete explanation 13 PAPER SELECTION AND LOADING Now we ll look at paper Your SR 10 15 can handle single sheets standard size stationery multi part carbonless business forms or almost any other kind of cut sheet You can also print on computer paper with the holes along the sides which is also called sprocket punched or perforated fan fold Theloading procedures are quite different for single sheet and sprocket paper Well try to keep it short and sweet but without sacrificing clarity and preciseness in our explanations H Loading single sheets S
49. TZ COLZ ROWZ 220 NEXT COL 230 LPRINT AS 240 NEXT ROWZ 250 LPRINT CHRS 27 2 269 1 END 111 270 280 Subroutine to draw a line from Xl Yl to X2 Y2 299 390 XL X2 X1 YL Y2 Yl 310 NX ABS XL LXFAC NY ABS YL LYFAC 320 IF NX NY THEN NX NY 330 NS INT NX41 340 DX XL NSZ DY YL NSZ 350 FOR 1 1 TO NSZ 360 Xl X1 DX Yl Yl DY 370 GOSUB 40d 380 NEXT IZ 390 RETURN 49g 410 Subroutine to plot a point at Xl Yl 420 430 XX X1 LXFAC YY Yl LYFAC 440 COL INT XX 1 450 ROWZ INT YY 6 460 XITZ INT YY ROWZ 6 1 470 BITZ COLZ ROWZ BITZ COLZ ROWZ OR MASKZ XITZ 480 RETURN 600 610 Subroutine to plot a circle 620 630 RAD 9 640 Xl 19 Yl 10 650 FOR ANG TO 360 STEP 10 660 RANG ANGZ 6 28 360 670 X2 RAD COS RANG 1 Y2 RAD SIN RANG 410 680 GOSUB 270 690 NEXT ANGZ 700 RETURN If you are using with the IBM mode change the following lines to the program given above 160 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHR 6 CHR 27 2 250 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHR 12 CHRS 27 2 B How the program works In the program above we ve created an array called BIT which is dimensioned in line 50 You ll note that instead of using numeric constants to dimension the array we used the variables MAXCOL and MAXROW This way if your computer has enough memory and you want to plot a larger image all 112 you need to
50. The tractors which guide the paper are underneath the rear cover 17 QUE EMIT ae OE Se ae ee VERE een SEA r RT RNC Figure 2 8 With the tractors in place you re ready to close the covers and advance the paper 7 Bring the paper up from the back over the wire guide and into the back of the printer When the holes in the paper fit snugly over the nubby teeth in both sprockets close the tractor covers and snap the clamp levers back into their locked positions Figure 2 8 Now we ll feed the paper around the platen automatically To do this close the rear cover turn on the power then push the Pause button and hold down the LF button until the paper moves smoothly into position Close the bail lever push away from you The top edge of the paper should line up with the cutter edge of the front cover so that printing will start one inch from the top edge RIBBON INSTALLATION This is described in two places installation of the ribbon car tridge is explained in Chapter 1 replacing the ink ribbon inside the ribbon cartridge casing is described in Chapter 11 Maintenance 18 ADJUSTING THE GAP The gap is the space between the print head and the platen Adjusting the gap is simply adjusting the printer to accommodate different thicknesses of paper To make this adjustment move the adjustment lever which is under the front cover immediately in front of the release lever shown in
51. Third tab 50 LPRINT CHRS 11 Fourth tab 64 Now let s set some vertical tabs of our own Add these lines to the program 12 LPRINT CHR 27 P CHRS 1 14 LPRINT CHRS 2 CHR 4 CHR 50 CHRS lt ESC gt P is the command to set vertical tabs for the STAR mode Like the horizontal tab setting command tab positions must be defined in ascending order Our example sets vertical tabs at lines 10 20 40 and 50 Then the CHRS 11 in each of the following lines advances the paper to the next vertical tab The printout 1s shown below First tab Second tab Third tab Fourth tab Add one more line to the program to demonstrate one more feature of vertical tabs 6 LPRINT CHRS 11 Fifth tab Now when you run the program the first page looks just like before but line 60 sends one more lt VT gt than there are tabs 65 This doesn t confuse SR 10 15 it advances the paper to the next tab position which happens to be the first tab position on the next page That s nice isn t it H A one shot vertical tab command There s a one time vertical tab command that works just like the one time horizontal tab command It is lt ESC gt a CHR n and it causes the paper to advance n lines It doesn t change the settings of the vertical tabs Table 7 3 Vertical tab commands STAR CHRS 11 STAR lt ESC gt P CHRS n CHR n2 CHR 0 IBM lt ESC
52. Were you surprised It s speedy isn t it 200 characters a second to be exact when printing normal pica type STAR mode DIP switch 2 2 on V HERO COREL 01274567891 1 5 gt 8ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOFQRSTUVUWXYZLN1 abcdefghi jklmno paqrstuvwxyziirv DUI eO TE AO OLAROTENUL TOMLIN TAACLAL gt t SEOS AGURA GUABE N Af Peu Ee mrih CH atm HELI CDBH mS OLZS ESET ESS y gt PAARCDEFGHIIKRLMNOPGRSTUYUHXYZENI abcdefghi kZmno parstuumwxyzl 2v 1 5 amp J 0123456789 lt gt 7 ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPORSTUUWXYZE 1 _ abcdafghijkimno parstuvuxyz l IBM mode DIP switch 2 2 off PRAS V OX 7 0123456789 142 8 ARCDEFGHIJKLMNOFURSTUVWXY20N1 abcdefahii klmnopqrstuvwxyziil Fhe UNT ET ss AS pa ag En 88884443 10271 mr REF Fr PI x6rmnEceurT 605edcnzst2iP imz asi iT 018345B788 lt gt ABC Fei JKLFINOPORSTUUMXYZE 2 abcdefghijkimno parstuvuxyzC L1 Figure 2 10 SR 10 15 s self test gives a preview of its capabilities 20 SOME TIPS FOR SMOOTHER OPERATION Here are some ideas that might save time and trouble with SR 10 15 When setting the left hand margin on sprocket paper you ll find the bail bar is marked with pica size unit measurements so it s a handy reference There are 10 pica characters to the inch so the markings 10 20 30 and so on also correspond exactly to inches 1 2 3 etc The sprocket paper is perforated in page size units to facilitate easy folding tha
53. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX When you want to reset the margins to the default values you have two choices You can either turn the printer off and back on or you can set margin values equal to the default values This means that you should set a left margin of 0 and a right margin of 80 on SR 10 or 136 on SR 15 If you change the pitch of your printing after you set your margins the margins will not change They stay at the same place on the page So if you set the margins to give you 65 columns of printing when you are using pica type and then you change to elite type you will have room for more than 65 columns of elite printing between the margins USING VERTICAL TABS Vertical tabs have the same kinds of uses that horizontal tabs do they just work in the other direction Horizontal tabs allow you to reach a specific column on the page no matter where you start from Vertical tabs are the same If you have a vertical tab set at line 20 a lt VT gt or vertical tab will move you to line 20 whether you start from line 5 or line 19 The vertical tab is not set at the power on default If you send a CHR 11 which is the ASCII code for lt VT before we have set up tabs it will advance the paper one line Enter this program to see how this works 1 Demo vertical tabs 20 LPRINT CHRS 11 First tab 30 LPRINT CHRS 11 Second tab 40 LPRINT CHRS ll1
54. al spacing 120 LPRINT 130 LPRINT 140 LPRINT CHR 27 1 Mississippi 159 LPRINT CHRS 27 Sg 160 LPRINT Download characters without proportional spacing 170 LPRINT 180 LPRINT CHR 27 S1 190 LPRINT CHR 27 pl Mississippi 209 LPRINT CHRS 27 p CHRS 27 SQ 210 LPRINT Download characters with proportional spacing 220 DATA 77 139 128 126 128 64 32 16 32 64 128 126 128 239 DATA 105 200 0 0 0 0 2 188 2 0 0 0 0 240 DATA 112 41 0 0 127 0 68 0 68 56 0 0 0 250 DATA 115 185 0 0 0 16 42 0 42 4 0 0 0 Missisippi Standard characters without proportional spacing Mississippi Download characters without proportional spacing Mississippi Download characters with proportional spacing Figure 9 13 This printout shows the same text printed with the same download characters in both normal and proportional widths 96 One thing to remember about defining proportional characters a character cannot be wider than the specified width That seems obvious enough For example if you specify a width of 6 for a character starting in column 1 and ending in column 6 the seventh through eleventh columns of dots if you specified any will not print You must however send information even if it is 0 for those columns when you defined a character SR 10 15 expects eleven characters following the lt ESC gt 1 n n2 m0 or the lt ESC amp CHRS 0 n n2 m0 sequence In most cases the
55. ammers a lot of time and effort SR 10 15 s macro can save you a lot of time and effort also Here is how SR 10 15 s macro works You define your macro by telling SR 10 15 what normal control codes are to be included in the macro Then you can use the macro any time that you want and SR 10 15 will do all the things that you included in the macro definition You can include up to 16 codes in a single macro You can even use the macro to store a frequently used word or phrase There are two control codes for the macro one to define it and one to use it They are given in the Table 8 7 To see how this works we can build a macro that will reset the printing style to normal no matter what style it may be to start with The following program will define a macro to do this T Table 8 7 Macro instruction commands Function Mode Control code ou include CHR 30 lt ESC gt codes ou include CHRS 30 Use macro 10 LPRINT CHR 27 START DEFINITION OF MACRO 20 LPRINT CHRS 18 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 W 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 F 50 LPRINT CHR 27 H 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 T OFF 80 LPRINT CHR 30 END MACRO DEFINITION PICA EXPANDED OFF EMPHASIZED OFF DOUBLE STRIKE OFF UNDERLINE OFF SUPER amp SUBSCRIPTS As the comments in the program listing show this will define a macro that will reset all the print style functions SR 10 15 wi
56. any character you can think of But if almost any character isn t good enough for you then it s a good thing you have an SR 10 15 printer With it you can actually create your own characters As you ll see in this chapter download characters can be used to print a logo special characters for foreign languages scientific and professional applications or any other specific printing task DOT MATRIX PRINTING In order to create download characters you ll need some un derstanding of how dot matrix printers work They re called dot matrix because each character is made up of a group of dots Look closely at some printed characters produced by your SR 10 15 and you will see the dots Figure 9 1 shows how the letter C 1s formed by printing 15 dots The printhead in SR 10 15 consists of nine thin wires stacked one atop the other Figure 9 2 shows an enlarged schematic view of the front of the printhead showing the ends of the wires and their relationship to the printed characters As you can see the capital letters use the top seven wires of the printhead and the qus WA ba bs ar r r a Jap uv r a M Figure 9 1 The letter C is created by printing 15 dots descenders such as the lower case p shown use the bottom seven pins As the printhead moves across the page in either direction that s what is meant by bi directional printing it prints one column of dots at a time Each time a dot is supposed to
57. atrix printers work you may want to review the first few pages of Chapter 9 The principles for dot graphics are the same as those for download characters There are some differences in the way they are implemented however While download commands can be used to define a character between four and eleven columns of dots wide dot graphics commands can be used to define a shape as narrow as one column of dots wide or as wide as 3264 dots on an SR 15 There is no descender data with dot graphics graphics images are always printed with the same seven or eight pins of the print head depending on whether you have a 7 bit or 8 bit interface if you re not sure which type of interface your computer has check the appendix for your computer So when do you use graphics and when do you use download characters Practically anything you can do with graphics you can do with download characters and vice versa A clever pro grammer could actually plot a mathematical curve using down load characters or use strings of graphics data as user defined characters But why do it the hard way There are several in stances when dot graphics is clearly the best way to approach the problem If the graphic image to be printed is wider than 11 dots or higher than 8 dots e If an image is to be printed just one time as opposed to a frequently used text character e If you want higher resolution SR 10 15 can print as many as 240 dots per inch in
58. ch as the in crement for the line spacing command There s a good reason the dots that the printer makes are 1 72 inch apart So this means that you can vary the line spacing in increments as fine as one dot unless you want finer spacing like one half dot spacing STAR mode or one third dot spacing IBM mode The lt ESC gt 3 CHR n command sets the line spacing in increments of 1 144 inch STAR mode or 1 216 inch IMB mode Change line 30 in your program so it is like this 30 LPRINT CHR 27 3 CHRS I and run the program again Now the results will look like this 50 STAR mode p 15 line H a his line spacin This line spacing set This line spacing set t This line spacing is set This line spacing is set to This line spacing is set to This line Spacing is set to This line spacing is set to 23 This line spacing is set to 24 This line spacing is set to 235 Line spacing is set to 1 6 inch t nomal set set se 1s t is t is is ct tet o o0000000018 EJ bho F P 1 ee O NOU Jes C B eo IBM mode j 18 d E is line spacing is se o is line Spacing is se D 30 is line spacing is se o lt i 15 line spacing 15 se O me is line spacing 1s set to go This line spacing is set to z4 This line spacing is set to 25 Line spacing is set to 1 6 inch nomal gt The program works just the same as before but the line spacing are just half STAR mode or one third IBM mode
59. change are the values in line 40 The array MASK contains the values of the dots In order to make this program run on the most computers we re using only six pins for graphics With many computers you can use all eight available pins In lines 90 and 100 we ve defined some other variables you ll be interested in LX LXFAC LY and LYFAC are used as scaling factors By changing these values you can change the size of your printed image or even distort it you can for example make our circle print as an ellipse Experiment a little bit The main calculations for plotting the image are done in the subroutine starting at program line 600 This is where you put the formulas that you want to plot By changing just the lines after 600 with some creative mathematics you can plot any function limited only by your imagination Some examples are shown at the end of this section What the program section starting at line 600 actually does is to calculate starting and ending points for a line in our circle the lines are very short sometimes the starting and ending points are the same The coordinates of the starting point of the line are assigned to variables X1 and Y1 The line ends at point X2 Y2 When these coordinates have been calculated a subroutine call is made to line 270 This subroutine calculates the coordinates of individual points along that line After these coordinates have been determined the subroutine at line 400
60. e then the LF line feed button to move the paper to the desired starting point Hold down the LF button for multiple line feeds 14 Figure 2 4 Use the single sheet guide for loading cut paper Table 2 1 Left margin on the single sheet guide Position of Guide For SR 10 Approx 6 Inch Middle Approx 3 inch Approx 5 inch B Loading sprocket feed paper Continuous paper feeds into the printer from the rear So the paper should be stacked directly back of the printer either on the same surface if there s room or on the floor Approx l inch Approx 3 inch IS Figure 2 5 The metal guide is used to align the left margin Here s the proper sequence for loading 1 Turn off the power and remove the rear cover After you ve practiced a few times you ll find it easy to load paper by just opening the cover Attach the wire paper guide to the rear of the upper case as shown in Figure 2 6 Pull the release lever towards you to put it in the tractor position Pull the bail lever towards you to the open position Open the tractor covers located on top of the left and right hand sprocket units Figure 2 7 Flip the sprocket clamp levers towards the rear This unlocks the sprocket wheels to move left and right so you can align them with the holes in the paper 16 Release lever in TRACTOR position Sprocket clamp lever Figure 2 7
61. e carriage stay that protects SR 10 15 s print head the knob a few turns to see that it s turning the platen easily and smoothly H Installing the ribbon cartridge The ribbon cartridge greatly simplifies installing the ink ribbon For easy installation though it s wise to follow the sequence and diagrams shown here 1 2 3 Turn the power switch off and remove the front cover as explained earlier Slide the print head gently with your fingers to the ap proximate center of its pathway Note the position of the guide pins on the cartridge as shown in Figure 1 5 Then hold the cartridge at each end with the ribbon facing away from you and insert the guide pins into the cut out hooks of the printer frame You ll find this easier if you tilt the cartridge forward as you do this as Figure 1 6 shows Using the guide pins as a fulcrum lightly press the car tridge down until the two holder springs snap shut to hold the cartridge firmly in place Guide pin Figure 1 5 A guide pin on each side of the ribbon cartridge helps to align the cartridge during installation Guide pin Figure 1 6 Tilt the ribbon cartridge in until the guide pins meet the hooks in the printer frame then lower the front edge until the holder springs hold it in place 5 Now thread the ribbon carefully between the print head and the ribbon guide next to the platen Take a good look at Figure 1 7 You might want
62. e titles Note that you don t need to put an lt ESC gt in front of the CHR 14 although lt ESC gt CHRS 14 works just the same You can also cancel one line expanded print before a carriage return with CHR 20 as done in line 50 Sometimes you may wish to stay in expanded print for more than one line Change your program to this l Demo permanent expanded mode 20 LPRINT CHR 27 W CHRS 1 Expanded mode on permanently 30 LPRINT Permanent expanded 40 LPRINT mode stays on until 50 LPRINT it is 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 W CHRS Expanded mode off 70 LPRINT turned off Now the results look like this rec manent enpanded mode stars on until i t ics turned off When you turn on expanded print with lt ESC gt W CHRS 1 it stays on until you turn it off with lt ESC gt W CHR 0 Table 5 6 Expanded print commands Function Mode Conro code One line expanded ON STAR CHR3 14 or lt ESC gt CHR 14 IBM CHRS 14 or lt ESC gt CHR 14 STAR CHR 20 CHRS 20 Expanded ON STAR lt ESC gt W 1 lt ESC gt W 1 Expanded OFF STAR lt ESC gt W 0 IBM lt ESC gt W 0 Him 41 One line expanded OFF By combining expanded print with the four pitches SR 10 15 has eight different character widths available Enter this program to see how the print pitches and expanded print can be combin
63. ed 1 Demo pitches in cambination with expanded mode z 20 LPRINT CHR 27 W CHRS 1 Permanent expanded mode on 30 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHR 3 Select condensed pitch 4 LPRINT This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED pitch 5 LPRINT CHRS 27 B CHR 2 Select elite pitch 60 LPRINT This is EXPANDED ELITE 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 B CHRS 1 Select pica pitch 80 LPRINT This is EXPANDED PICA 90 LPRINT CHRS 27 p CHRS 1 Select proportional 199 LPRINT This is EXP PROPORTIONAL 110 LPRINT CHR 27 p CHRS 0 Cancel proportional 120 LPRINT CHRS 27 W CHRS Permanent expanded mode off 130 LPRINT This is UNEXPANDED PICA pitch default If you are using with the IBM mode change the following lines to the program given above 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 15 Select condensed pitch 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 M Select elite pitch 70 LPRINT CHR 27 P Select pica pitch Here s what you should get from this program This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED pitch This iz EXFANDED ELETE R This is EXFANDED FICA This is EXP PROPORTIONAL This is UNEXFANDED FICA pitch default In addition the NLQ characters can be printed with expanded print as shown below This is normal pica This is normal NLA x This dss ESP ANDETI PPL LCM TV vy d uu i s E w PARDO ES Yo 231 Ci m 42 MAKING SR 10 15 PRINT DARKER SR 10 15 has very good print density when it s just printing regu
64. el text CHR 24 deletes all the text in the print buffer that is in the line before the delete text command Since SR 10 15 prints one line of text at a time only that line will be deleted The following program shows how these three codes work NEW 1 LPRINT BACKSPACE DOES NOT 20 LPRINT CHR 8 CHRS 8 CHRS 8 30 LPRINT WORK 4 LPRINT DELETE DOES NOT 50 LPRINT CHR 127 CHR 127 CHRS 127 60 LPRINT WORK 70 LPRINT CANCEL TEXT 80 LPRINT CHR 24 99 LPRINT DOES NOT PRINT Here 1s what this program will print BACKESFACE DOES 3 WORE DELETE DOES WORK DOES NOT FRINT The backspace codes in line 20 move the printhead a total of three spaces to the left so that the first part of line 30 will overprint the word NOT The delete codes in line 50 erase the three letters in the word NOT so that it doesn t even print In line 80 CHR 24 deletes the words in line 70 The semicolon at the end of line 70 prevents a line feed from causing that line to print before SR 10 15 receives the CHR 24 code The text in line 90 prints as it normally would because it is after CHR 24 H Zero printing Sometimes you want to print zero with slash to distinguish between 0 and O Your SR 10 15 can print either 0 or as you wish H Unidirectional printing Unidirectional printing is a big word that means printing in one direction only SR 10 15 normally prints when
65. eriment you re bound to come up with more uses The simplest form of reverse paper feeding is a reverse line feed The code is lt ESC gt lt LF gt which causes the paper to move down in effect moving the printing up one line A line used in a reverse line feed is the same size as a line in a regular line feed this is normally 1 6 inch When you change the line spacing which you ll read about next you change it for both forward and reverse line feeds Table 6 1 Line feed commands Return print head to left margin STAR CHRS 3 Advance paper one line Reverse paper one line CHANGING LINE SPACING When you turn SR 10 15 on the line spacing is set to 6 lines per inch This is fine for most printing applications but sometimes you may want something different SR 10 15 makes it easy to set the line spacing to whatever value you want Try this program with STAR mode to see how easy it is to change the line spacing 48 NEW 1 FOR I 1 TO 25 2 IF I 13 THEN 5 3 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHRS I 40 LPRINT This line spacing is set to I 50 NEXT 60 LPRINT Line spacing is set to 1 6 inch normal 70 LPRINT CHR 27 2 This is what you will get SET PETI spacin This line spacing 1 This line spacing is set to 10 This line spacing is set to 11 This line spacing is set to 12 This line spacing is set to 14 This line spacing is set to 12 This line spacing is set to 16 This line spacing
66. fining characters for propor tional printing is exactly the same as defining normal width download characters Characters can range from 5 to 11 dots wide This means that characters can be as narrow as one half the normal width Besides being able to specify the actual width of the character SR 10 15 allows you to specify the position in the standard grid where the character will print You must specify the dot column in which the printed character starts and the dot column in which the character ends Why you may ask would you want to define a character this way instead of merely defining the overall width of the character Because SR 10 15 s proportional character definitions can also be used to print normal width characters which are eleven dot columns wide And by centering even the narrow characters in the complete grid look at the i in Figure 9 12 they will look good even when you aren t printing them proportionally The command format for proportional character definition is exactly the same as you have learned the only difference is the 94 m m m m m m m m m m m ASCI Code 77 D ascii Code S Descende 7 Descender Z Start column Start column 3 End column 77 End coiumn 9 2 29 32 32 28 6 Le 64 lo C m m m m m m m tn m M m Ascii Code L ASCI Code S Descender e Descende 7 Start column Z Stari column 4 Endcoumn End column
67. forms and graphs and special symbols for mathematical engineering and professional uses The following program will print out all of the graphics characters available in STAR mode 19 Demo all block graphic characters 20 WIDTH LPT1 255 30 LPRINT CHR 27 D CHRS 1 CHRS 29 40 LPRINT CHR 30 CHRS 40 CHR 50 CHRS 69 50 LPRINT CHRS 70 CHRS Set tabs 60 FOR J 160 TO 255 STEP 8 76 FOR I J TO J 7 8 LPRINT I 9 LPRINT CHRS I Send graphic char 1 LPRINT CHRS 9 Tab 110 NEXT I LPRINT NEXT J Figure 8 1 shows what this program will print If your chart doesn t look like this because it has regular letters and numbers instead of the special symbols then your computer is only using seven bits You can get the correct printout by adding these lines 85 LPRINT CHR 27 gt Turn on 8th bit 95 LPRINT CHR 27 Turn off 8th bit The special characters for IBM mode are included in two character sets The character set you normally use is called character set 1 The special characters are printed out when you send ASCII codes 160 255 to the printer SR 10 15 also offers character set 2 which is almost the same as character set Z1 except for the addition of ASCII codes 3 6 21 and 128 159 Character set 2 is selected with lt ESC gt 6 to go back to character set 1 use lt ESC 7 You can also specify the power on default character set by setting DIP sw
68. function Control codes The escape code Some problem codes Command Syntax Used in This Manual Selecting The Right Software Mode Printing Text With SR 10 15 35 Some Special Kinds of Text Near Letter Quality characters Italic printing Underlining Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Superscripts and subscripts Changing the Print Pitch Expanded print Making SR 10 15 Print Darker Mixing Modes Summary Line Spacing and Forms Control 47 Starting New Lines Reverse line feeds Changing Line Spacing Moving down the page without a carriage return Forms Controls Form feed Reverse form feed Changing the Page Length Top and Bottom Margins Summary Formatting Your Output 61 Using Horizontal Tabs A one shot tab command Setting Left and Right Margins Using Vertical Tabs A one shot vertical tab command Summary Special Features of the SR 10 15 67 Now hear this Initializing SR 10 15 Putting SR 10 15 to sleep Printing to the bottom of the sheet Backspace delete and cancel text Zero printing Unidirectional printing The seven bit dilemma Block graphics characters and special symbols International character sets The macro control code Summary Creating Your Own Characters 81 Dot Matrix Printing The Print Matrix Defining Your Own Characters Rule 1 Download characters are eight dots high Rule 2 Dots cannot overlap Add up each column of dots Assigning a value to your character Download character definition
69. gt B CHRS n CHR 12 CHR 0 lt ESC gt a CHRS n lt ESC gt a CHR n Note If your computer does not support lowercase characters use CHR3 97 for a Advance paper to next tab position Set vertical tabs at n1 n2 etc Advance paper n lines SUMMARY Control code CHR 9 lt ESC gt D nl n2 n3 CHRS 0 lt ESC gt b n lt ESC gt M n lt ESC gt n lt ESC gt Q n CHRS 11 lt ESC gt P nl n2 n3 CHRS 0 lt ESC gt B nl n2 n3 CHRS 0 lt ESC gt a n Function Horizontal tab Set horizontal tabs One time horizontal tab of n spaces Set left margin for STAR mode Set left margin for IBM mode Set right margin Vertical tab Set vertical tabs for STAR mode Set vertical tabs for IBM mode One time vertical tab of n lines CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SR 10 15 In the previous chapters we have learned about several groups of control codes In this chapter we will look at more control codes These codes don t fit neatly into any of the groupings that we have studied but they add a lot of capability to SR 10 15 So here goes Commands covered in this chapter include Bell Master reset Unidirectional printing Eighth bit control Block graphics International character sets Macro instruction H Now hear this You may have heard SR 10 15 s bell if you have ever run out of paper And you may
70. hapters 5 through 10 are a must and of course everybody should look at Chapter 11 which tells how to maintain your SR 10 15 for a long and carefree life In this manual there are plenty of example programs to de monstrate and show off all of SR 10 15 s features Since many SR 10 15 users have IBM Personal Computers or the equivalent all the example programs are written in Microsoft BASIC for the IBM But throughout the manual users of other computers will find hints on how to make SR 10 15 work with their com puter So gentle reader with this manual we hand you the key to the wonderful world of SR 10 15 May you enjoy years of handsome fast and carefree printing Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Table of Contents Setting Up SR 10 15 1 Where Shall We Put It What Have We Here Removing the printer covers Removing packing and shipping screws Installing the platen knob Installing the ribbon cartridge Connecting SR 10 15 to Your Computer Getting to Know Your SR 10 15 9 Components and Controls Paper Selection and Loading Loading single sheets Loading sprocket feed paper Ribbon Installation Adjusting the Gap Self Test Some Tips for Smoother Operation Getting Started With SR 10 15 23 Using Commercial Software First some terminology The escape code Using this book without learning BASIC Controlling SR 10 15 With BASIC 27 Some Basics About BASIC Establishing communications The CHRS
71. he program that follows we ve used this technique to create some large numbers Each digit is actually made up of four characters two horizontally by two vertically This means of course that you must define and print four characters for each finished digit We assigned the upper left quadrant of each digit to ASCII codes from 160 to 169 the upper right quadrant to codes 170 to 179 and so on Figure 9 14 shows how one digit is defined and Figure 9 15 shows the final output of our program Figure 9 14 Each digit is made up of four individual characters 0125456789 Figure 9 15 The output for characters like this must be carefully planned 10 Program to define and print numerals 20 Each numeral is made up of 4 characters 2 wide x 2 high 30 OPEN LPT1 AS 1 WIDTH 1 255 40 DOWN CHAR PROPS CHRS 27 p1 CHRS 27 S1 50 NOT DOWN CHAR PROPS CHRS 27 p CHRS 27 4 SQ 60 LINE 7 CHR 27 4 1 LINE 12 CHRS 27 2 70 PRINT 1 CHRS 27 amp 1 CHR 169 cCHR 200 80 FOR I 169 TO 200 100 READ M 110 PRINT 1 CHR M 120 FOR S 1 TO 11 P us 13 READ MS 14 PRINT 1 CHRS MS 150 NEXT S 160 NEXT I 179 180 ASCII 1660 START OF DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS 190 FOR NUM TO 9 NUMERALS TO 9 200 NUMERAL TOPS NUM CHRS ASCII CHRS ASCII 1 210 NUMERAL BOTS NUM 3 220 ASCII ASCII 4 230 NEXT NUM 240 BLANKS
72. his program It will print the word TESTING in em phasized print 30 Some of you fast students may have noticed that CHR 69 1s the same as E That s right the program will work just as well if line 10 is changed like this 1 LPRINT CHR 27 E That s just another form of the same ASCII code and it s all the same to SR 10 15 Here s another shortcut for BASIC programmers since lt ESC gt is used so often assign it to a variable In a long program typing ESC is much easier than typing CHR 27 each time Now our program looks like this 5 ESCS CHRS 27 10 LPRINT ESCS E Turn your printer off and back on now or you will be printing in emphasized for quite a while E Some problem codes Before we go too far we need to mention some codes that may cause you problems Like most of the subjects in this chapter we have to be a little vague because of the differences in com puters Nearly all BASICs change some of the ASCII codes between your BASIC program and your printer Some turn CHR3 10 a line feed into a CHR 13 a carriage return before sending it on Some other problem codes are 0 7 and 9 through 13 COMMAND SYNTAX USED IN THIS MANUAL Because SR 10 15 users will be running such a wide variety of applications we just couldn t show the precise method of sending printer control codes to SR 10 15 for every one of them Instead as we introduce you to each command we will show the command
73. horizontal by 72 dots per inch vertical And you can print double density graphics at double speed Macro Instruction A real timesaver on the keyboard This feature allows you to define a sequence of codes and call transmit that entire sequence with a single code Easy Everything All the DIP switches are quickly accessible for ease in connecting your computer and changing print pa rameters the ink ribbon comes in its own enclosed cartidge ready to snap into place paper is machine fed not cranked into place manually Easy 1s the word for SR 10 15 We think you ll also find this manual easy and pleasant to use We ve gone to great lengths to make it so As a first example look over the table of contents and you ll see what we mean Whether greenhorn or wizard everybody will find what they need to know to fulfill their expectations We suggest that each new user owner before you even unpack the box read or at least scan Chapters 2 and 3 Getting to Know Your SR 10 15 and Getting Started with SR 10 15 as well as Chapter 1 Setting Up SR 10 15 iNow you can unpack the box and start putting things together When you re ready to connect your computer to your SR 10 15 look at Appendix J for directions applying to your make of computer For you who wish to design your own characters do your own plotting your own infinite variety of dot graphic patterns and densities you ll have a ball For you C
74. ike off with lt ESC gt H so that line 70 can print in emphasized only Finally line 80 turns emphasized off so that SR 10 15 is set for normal printing Look closely at the different lines of printing In the line of double strike printing each character has been printed twice and they are moved down just slightly the second time they are printed In emphasized printing they are moved slightly to the right the second time SR 10 15 prints The last line combined both of these so that each character was printed 4 times Now that s pretty nice printing isn t 1t MIXING MODES We have learned how to use SR 10 15 s many different printing modes individually Star s engineers have given a unique control command that lets you choose at will between any of different printing styles This command is called Master Select The Master Select command consists of lt ESC gt followed by a single ASCII code At IBM mode use instead of The value of the ASCII code determines the printing style that is selected as shown the table below Let s see how this master select looks Try this program with STAR mode l Demo master select print 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 16 3 LPRINT This line is DOUBLE STRIKE printing 40 LPRINT CHR 27 CHRS 24 50 LPRINT This line is DOUBLE STRIKE and EMPHASIZED 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHR 8 70 LPRINT This line is EMPHASIZED printing 80 LPRINT
75. is called This routine turns on an individual dot in our array called BIT Keep in mind that no printing has been done yet the computer is still drawing the image on its graph paper in memory The way an individual dot is turned on is using the logical OR function in line 470 When all the points have been plotted in memory printing begins at line 150 We first set the line spacing to 6 72 inch using the ESC A command This is so that there are no gaps between rows of dots Then the loop from line 170 to line 240 prints the dot graphics image one line which is six dots high 113 at a time The variable A is used to build a string of all the columns of BIT in a given row As you can see by taking the program in small pieces and analyzing it graphics programming does not have to be difficult If you want to try some other plots try these replace lines after 600 with the lines below The printouts from each program are shown below the listing 6 619 Subroutine to plot a star 620 63 RAD 9 640 FOR ANGZ TO 360 STEP 45 650 RANG ANGZ 3 14159 189 660 RANG2 ANGZ 135 3 14159 180 670 Xl RAD COS RANG 10 680 Yl RAD SIN RANG 1 690 X2 RAD COS RANG2 10 700 Y2 RAD SIN RANG2 19 710 GOSUB 270 720 NEXT ANGZ 730 RETURN 33 H 7 S U i 4 1 3 g T n th i a v 5 h t 69g 610 Subroutine to plot a sine wave
76. is clearer As shown in Figure 9 7 if we add the numbers for the dots that print in a column the sum will be a number in the range of 0 to 255 Each number from 0 255 represents a unique combination of dots So add up the values of the dots in each column using this system In Figure 9 8 we ve shown our grid with the sums of the columns filled in across the bottom see if these agree with your answers Across the top of the grid you ve probably noticed the cryptic labeling of each column m1 m2 m3 etc These labels correspond to the labels in the command syntax statement which we ll get to shortly m M m m m Me m m M Mio m ASCII Code Descender Start column End column M Descender 128 Start 16 End ta 2 AH 524897 2 Figure 9 8 Add the values of the dots in each column and write the sum of each column at the bottom B Assigning a value to your character We ve done a pretty thorough job of designing and describing a user defined character But the SR 10 15 has room for 240 download characters how does it know which user defined character we want to print Exactly the same way it knows which standard character we want to print every character is assigned a unique number The standard characters are assigned the ASCII codes numbers from 0 to 255 For the download character sets you 87 can define any positions except the defined control code
77. itch 1 2 on for character set 1 and off for character set 42 when DIP switch 2 2 is set off The following program will print out all of the graphics characters available 160 168 a3 1649 170 171 F 176 h 177 178 m 179 28 184 E 185 p 186 187 m 192 173 194 c 195 200 t 201 8 202 E 203 Q 208 209 A 210 211 216 217 6 218 6 219 2245 229 226 u may wo 232 wm Zb E 224 23m P 240 r 241 S42 a3 243 r 249 DAO 4 AR t Auli F Figure 8 1 Figure 8 2 74 75 NEW 10 LPRINT CHR 27 2 LPRINT CHRS 27 6 3 FOR J 3 TO 6 4 LPRINT J CHRS J 3 50 NEXT 60 LPRINT 21 CHR 21 70 LPRINT 89 FOR J 128 TO 254 STEP 160 9 FOR I J TOJ 9 95 IF I gt 254 THEN 11 100 LPRINT I CHRS I 110 NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT NEXT J Figure 8 2 shows what this program will print If your chart doesn t look like this because it has regular letters and numbers instead of the special symbols then your computer is only using seven bits You can get the correct printout by changing line 100 to this 100 LPRINT I CHR 27 gt CHRS I CHR 27 CHR 9 H International character sets Table 8 5 International character set commands lt ESC gt R CHRS 0 lt ESC gt 7 CHR amp 1 lt ESC gt 7 CHR G lt ESC gt R CHR 3 lt ESC gt
78. l STAR Enable bell IBM Note If your computer does not support lowercase characters use CHR 121 for y z H Initializing SR 10 15 Up to now when we wanted to reset SR 10 15 to the power on condition we have had to either turn the printer off and then on again or to send the specific codes that reset the particular features There is an easier way The control code lt ESC gt will reset all of SR 10 15 s features to the power on condition as determined by the DIP switches with two exceptions Those exceptions are that lt ESC gt will not erase any characters that you have stored in SR 10 15 s RAM memory Chapter 9 tells you how to create your own characters and it won t erase the macro if you have one stored in SR 10 15 s RAM this chapter will tell you how to create a macro Putting SR 10 15 to sleep You know how to put SR 10 15 off line with the On Line button SR 10 15 has another off line state that can be controlled from your computer When you turn SR 10 15 off line from your 68 for the code to go on line again CHR 19 is the code to turn SR 10 15 off line CHR 17 returns SR 10 15 to on line status B Printing to the bottom of the sheet Sometimes when you are using sprocket paper you may want to print near the bottom of the last sheet The paper out detector usually stops SR 10 15 when you are about 3 inches from the bottom of the sheet This is to notify you
79. l tabs that go down the page In this chapter we will discover how to use Horizontal tabs Vertical tabs Left and right margins USING HORIZONTAL TABS When you turn SR 10 15 on there are horizontal tabs set au tomatically every eight spaces It s easy to use these tabs you just send a CHR3 9 to SR 10 15 and the print head will move to the next tab position CHR 9 is the ASCII code HT for horizontal tab Try this one line program to demonstrate the use of the default horizontal tabs 10 Tabs demo 20 LPRINT one CHR 9 two CHRS 9 three CHR 9 four Here s what will print one two three four Even though the words are different lengths they are spaced out evenly by the horizontal tabs CHR 9 is a problem with some computers Some BASICs convert CHR 9 to a group of spaces that act like a sort of pseudo tab This is fine if the computer and the printer have the same tab settings but it doesn t allow us to use our own tab settings on SR 10 15 We can outsmart these computer by adding 128 to the ASCII value that we use Instead of using CHR3 9 use CHR 137 for a tab command Even this trick won t work for Apple II computers for they use CHR 9 for something else entirely Apple users can get some help in Appendix J Now add the following line to your program to set different horizontal tabs 15 LPRINT CHRS 27 D CHRS 7 CHR 14 CHRS 21 CHRS lt ESC gt D is the command
80. larly But sometimes you may want something to stand out from the rest of the page SR 10 15 provides two ways to do this double strike and emphasized print Both of these go over the characters twice but they use slightly different methods to darken the characters Let s try them and see what the difference is The following table shows the control codes for getting into and out of double strike and emphasized modes Table 5 7 Print emphasis commands Function Mode Control code IBM ESC H O IBM IBM Try them now with this little program 19 Demo double strike and emphasized 20 LPRINT CHR 27 G Double strike on 30 LPRINT This line is DOUBLE STRIKE printing 40 LPRINT CHR 27 E Emphasized on 50 LPRINT This line is DOUBLE STRIKE and EMPHASIZED 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 H Double strike off 70 LPRINT This line is EMPHASIZED printing 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 F Emphasized off 99 LPRINT This line is normal printing Run this program The results will look like this This line is DOUBLE STRIKE printing This line is DOUBLE STRIKE and EMPHASIZED This line is EMPHASIZED printing This line is normal printing 43 Line 20 turns on double strike with lt ESC gt G and line 30 prints a line of text In line 40 emphasized is turned on with lt ESC gt E Line 50 prints a line of text in double strike and emphasized Line 60 then turns double str
81. learn how to use SR 10 15 s features by reading on When you find a function that you want to use just apply what you already know about translating from one name for codes to another The examples will still show you how the commands are used even if you are not using BASIC 26 CHAPTER 4 CONTROLLING SR 10 15 WITH BASIC Throughout the rest of this book we will be teaching you how to use SR 10 15 s features using the BASIC programming lan guage in our examples It is easy to communicate with SR 10 15 from BASIC and though it has its detractors BASIC is the nearest thing to a universal language among users of personal computers But remember that it s not the only way to com municate with SR 10 15 as we have already seen Subjects covered in this chapter include Listing BASIC programs on the printer Printing from BASIC CHRS function Problem codes Command syntax used in tbis manual Selecting the right software mode All of the examples in this manual are written in Microsoft BASIC specifically Microsoft BASIC for the IBM Personal Computer With minor modifications the examples can be adapted to run in any version of BASIC In this chapter we ll tell you what modifications need to be made and how to do it In this chapter we assume that you have some familiarity with BASIC SOME BASICS ABOUT BASIC Probably the simplest thing to do with your printer in BASIC is to list a program on the printer But in this world
82. ll need it again shortly PRINTING DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS You ve now defined and sent three characters to SR 10 15 But how do you know that If you try printing those characters now type LPRINT CHR 160 CHR 161 CHR 162 you don t get a flask car and gun Instead you get 7 Vor aid That s because the download characters are stored in a different part of SR 10 15 s memory To tell it to look in download character RAM instead of standard character ROM it requires another command For STAR mode lt ESC gt S n For IBM mode ESC Ug n This command is used to select the download character set if n 1 or to select the standard character set if n 0 Let s try it out Enter this command LPRINT CHR 27 S1 CHRS 16 CHR 161 CHR 162 Voila It should have printed out the three characters we de fined Your printout should look like this Atur If it doesn t check the last program we ran for errors then rerun it Let s find out if there are any other characters in the download RAM Try this program 1 LPRINT CHR 27 S1 20 FOR I 33 TO 126 LPRINT CHRS I NEXT I 30 FOR I 16 TO 254 LPRINT CHRS 1 NEXT I 40 LPRINT 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 Sg As you can see in addition to the characters you have defined they are the last ones on the printout SR 10 15 also printed all characters This makes it very easy to combine user defined characters with regular text If SR 10 15 did
83. ll remember this macro until the power is turned off or until a new macro is defined A macro can hold up to 16 bytes characters of information The one that we defined contains thirteen Now that you have defined a macro let s see how to use it This program will print one line using several printing style features Then it calls the macro in line 60 When line 70 prints the style is plain vanilla because the macro has reset it 1 LPRINT CHR 27 1 UNDERLINE 20 LPRINT CHR 27 G DOUBLE STRIKE 30 LPRINT CHR 27 W1 EXPANDED 40 LPRINT TESTING ONE TWO THREE 50 LPRINT CHR 27 USE THE MACRO 60 LPRINT TESTING FOUR FIVE SIX If you are using with the IBM mode change the line 50 as shown below 50 LPRINT CHR 27 USE THE MACRO Tti TWO THREE TESTING FOUR FIVE SIX 78 In this chapter we have learned many different commands that have many different uses In the next chapter we will make up for this diversity the whole chapter only covers three commands But they are some of the most powerful that SR 10 15 offers They give you the ability to create your own characters SUMMARY Control code CHR3 7 lt ESC gt Y 0 lt ESC gt Y 1 lt ESC gt y 0 lt ESC gt y 1 lt ESC gt CHRS 19 CHR3 17 lt ESC gt 8 lt ESC gt 9 lt ESC gt lt lt ESC gt U 1 lt ESC gt U 0 CHR3 8 CHR3 127 CHR 24 ESC
84. llions of Dollars ESC mmy 330 END LU 5 H por t Autos LAS Bs is fi ins Bn ind Bl Bal An Bos Pa Pi Bad Rl Bnd sd DES Chemicals AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOA Guns rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr rrr 4 6 8 Millionea of Doilae w Note that we didn t have to re enter the download characters since they were already sent to the printer with the first program They will stay with the printer until you download new characters to replace them or turn the printer off Even the lt ESC gt command which initializes the printer does not destroy the contents of download RAM 93 ERASING DOWNLOAD CHARACTER DEFINITIONS After you have defined a set of characters a whole new al phabet perhaps you may want to go back to using mostly standard characters with a few new user defined characters mixed in Rather than turning SR 10 15 off which erases all of the current settings including download characters you can send a command which will restore the default characters This command copies all the characters from the standard character ROM into download RAM For STAR mode lt ESC gt Wat For IBM mode lt ESC gt nan g g Since it will copy all characters into the download area it will wipe out any characters that are already there So it s important to send this command to the printer before you send any download characters you want to define DEFINING PROPORTIONAL CHARACTERS Except for the actual width de
85. n t have this feature mixing download and standard characters would be rather inconvenient every time you wanted to use a download character you would have to switch back and forth between character sets To demonstrate how to use these characters let s use this character set to print a small graph This program which has been built around the first program in this chapter will do just that 5 ESCS CHR 27 TBS CHRS 9 10 LPRINT ESCS 1 CHRS 160 CHRS 162 2 FOR N 16 TO 162 3 FOR M TO 11 4 READ MM 5 LPRINT CHRS MM 6 NEXT M 7 NEXT N 8 LPRINT 9 DATA 139 2 5 8 241 0 0 241 8 5 2 0 109 DATA 139 124 0 66 4 64 36 16 2 16 12 0 110 DATA 139 46 16 2 60 0 48 0 48 0 48 0 120 LPRINT ESC D CHRS 11 CHR 130 LPRINT CHRS 14 U S Exports 92 14 LPRINT ESCS 1 15 LPRINT Autos TBS 160 FOR I 4 TO 9 3 STEP 4 LPRINT CHR 161 NEXT 170 LPRINT 180 LPRINT Chemicals TBS 190 FOR I 4 TO 8 7 STEP 4 LPRINT CHR 169 NEXT 200 LPRINT 210 LPRINT Guns TB 220 FOR I 4 TO 1 4 STEP 4 LPRINT CHR 162 NEXT 230 LPRINT 240 LPRINT ESCS 250 LPRINT TBS CHR 246 CHRS 241 CHRS 241 260 SCALES CHR S 241 CHR 24 1 CHR 248 CHRS 241 4CHR 241 270 FOR I 2 TO 8 STEP 2 LPRINT SCALES NEXT 280 LPRINT CHR 241 CHRS 241 CHR 247 299 LPRINT TBS 300 FOR I 2 TO 8 STEP 2 LPRINT I NEXT 310 LPRINT 320 LPRINT TBS ESCS s Mi
86. nction is used to print the character that is represented by the number in the CHR function The BASIC statement PRINT CHRS 65 will print an A on the terminal In some other programming languages ASCII codes are re ferred to by their hex value Hex is short for hexadecimal which is a base 16 number system our usual numbers are base 10 Since hex needs 16 digits it uses the numbers 0 through 9 and then it uses the letters A through F for digits The ASCII code for the letter A is 41 in hex Of course most of the time we don t even need to think about this code system Our computers are smart enough to know that 24 when we press the A key on our keyboard we want to print the letter A The computer takes care of all the rest But there are a number of ASCII codes that don t have keys on the keyboard The most important of these codes are the codes that have ASCII values below 32 These codes control many of SR 10 15 s functions Even though there aren t keys for these codes most keyboards can send these codes It s done by holding down the control key many times marked CTRL and si multaneously pressing a letter key The particular letter key that is pressed determines what code is sent Control and A sends ASCII code 1 control and B sends ASCII code 2 and so on Because of the way they are created these codes are often referred to as control A etc So there are four common
87. ntrolcode i Superscript ON STAR Subscript ON TAR 1 lt ESC gt S Super amp subscript OFF STAR lt ESC gt T IBM lt ESC gt T Try this program to see them work l Demo subscripts and superscripts 2 LPRINT Look 3 LPRINT CHRS 27 S CHRS Superscript on 40 LPRINT Superscripts 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 T Cancel superscripts 60 LPRINT amp 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 S CHRS 1 Subscripts on 80 LPRINT subscripts 90 LPRINT CHRS 27 T Cancel subscripts 100 LPRINT on one line Look uperscripts mpmcrcipte On One line Here line 30 turns on superscripts with lt ESC gt S CHRS 0 It s turned off in line 50 with ESC T Then between printing text subscripts are turned on in line 70 with lt ESC gt 38 S CHR3 1 and finally off in line 90 Again everything prints on one line because of the semicolons CHANGING THE PRINT PITCH In printer talk character width is called pitch Normally SR 10 15 prints 10 characters per inch This is called pica pitch because it s the same spacing as a standard pica typewriter SR 10 15 can also print 12 characters per inch This is called elite pitch because it is the same spacing as an elite typewriter Condensed print is approximately 17 characters per inch Condensed pitch allows you to get 136 columns of printing on an 87 inch page Proportional spacing provides an alternati
88. o get the same image in a higher density mode you must plot more points This requires twice as much memory for your array twice as much computing time and twice as much printing time but the results may be worth it Star s engineers have given programmers a unique shortcut for program development though double density double speed graphics Although this mode requires just as much memory and computing time as double density it prints at the same speed as normal density graphics Amazing you say Well it is until you know the secret Every other column of dots is ignored so the output is actually the same as normal density graphics The advantage is that you can write and debug your programs at double speed then change to double density graphics for terrific output IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS WITH BASIC You may write some graphics programs that look just right in the listing but the printouts aren t quite what you expected A common problem is that the BASIC interpreter in your computer is inserting a few of its own codes For instance if your program generates a CHR 13 as valid graphics data BASIC may follow it with a CHR 10 Another problem arises with certain computers that replace horizontal tabs CHRS 9 with a series of spaces CHR 32 A possible solution to these problems is not to use the bottom dot which has a value of 1 This way you will never produce an odd number hence you will never have a CHR 13
89. o the left margin The fol lowing commands do just that The lt ESC gt J CHR n command causes the printer to make one line feed of 1 144 inch STAR mode or 7 216 inch IBM mode but does not change the setting of the line spacing Try this program to see how it works 10 Demo one time line feeds 20 LPRINT Line number 1 30 LPRINT Line number 2 4G One time line feed 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 J CHRS 199 60 LPRINT Line number 3 70 LPRINT Line number 4 Here is what SR 10 15 will produce Line number 1 Line number 2 v Line number X Line number 4 The lt ESC gt J CHR 100 in line 50 changes the spacing to 100 144 inches 100 216 inches for IBM mode for one line only without moving the printhead The rest of the lines printed with the normal line spacing Notice that both line 30 and line 50 end with semicolons This prevents the normal line feed from occuring The lt ESC gt j CHR n command works the same way except that the paper moves in the opposite direction Try this simple change to your program and see what a difference it makes 4 One time reverse line feed 50 LPRINT CHR 27 i CHR 10Q0 53 iine PHAI ec e Line number 4 Line number i Line number V The lt ESC gt a CHR n command advances the paper n lines using whatever the current line spacing is without moving the printhead Change line 40 and 50 of your program so that they are like
90. of the Connector Signals Serial Interface Specifications Configuring the Serial Interface SR 10 15 s Serial Protocols Serial busy protocols XON XOFF protocol ACK protocol Connecting With Computer Connecting with IBM PC and Compaq BASIC programming Listing programs Connecting with Apple II computers Applesoft BASIC Listing programs Connecting with TRS 80 computers TRS 80 BASIC Listing programs Connecting with Kaypro Osborne and other CP M computers Using MBASIC Listing programs DIP Switch Quick Reference Command Quick Reference Consumer Response 215 219 223 229 237 238 242 Table of Tables Table 2 1 Left margin on the single sheet guide Table 5 1 Near letter quality commands Table 5 2 Italic commands Table 5 3 Underline commands Table 5 4 Superscript and subscript commands Table 5 5 Print pitch commands Table 5 6 Expanded print commands Table 5 7 Print emphasis commands Table 5 8 Master select and the 256 ASCII codes Table 6 1 Line feed commands Table 6 2 Line spacing commands Table 6 3 Form feed commands Table 6 4 Form length commands Table 6 5 Top and bottom margin commands Table 7 1 Horizontal tab commands Table 7 2 Left and right margin commands Table 7 3 Vertical tab commands Table 8 1 Bell commands Table 8 2 Some miscellaneous commands Table 8 3 Printing direction commands Table 8 4 Eight bit control commands Table 8 5 International character set commands Table 8 6 International cha
91. ots high To see how the rest of the characters in the standard character ROM are constructed take a look at Appendix C Figure 9 3 Dots can be inside boxes or straddle the vertical lines of the grid DEFINING YOUR OWN CHARACTERS You ve seen how the engineers at Star designed their characters by using a grid to lay out the dots Now you can define characters exactly the same way Make up some grids photocopy Figure 9 4 if you wish and get ready to be creative Just in case you are not feeling creative and to make our explanations a little clearer we ll be using a picture of a chemist s flask as an example of a download character You can see how we ve laid it out in Figure 9 5 Later in this chapter we ll use this character to create a small graph You ll notice that Figure 9 4 includes a lot of information around the grid Don t be intimidated we ll explain each item as we come to it in our discussion of defining and actually printing download characters You may have noticed another difference between this grid and the one shown in Figure 9 3 it s only eight boxes high Which leads us to m m m m m m m m m m M ASCII Code Descender Start column End column M Descender 128 Start 16 End Figure 9 4 Use this grid or one similar to it to define your own characters B Rule 1 Download characters are eight dots high As you noticed in Figure 9 2 capi
92. positions This means that once a character is defined and assigned a value and the download character set is selected you can use that character on the printer the same way you would any standard character You can send the character with the same ASCII value for instance if you had assigned your character a code of 66 it would print each time you sent a character B to the printer You can also access the character from a BASIC program with the CHR function in this case LPRINT CHR 66 would print the character Except for the limitation that download characters must be avoid the defined control code positions there are no rules or restrictions on the use of numbers This means you can use whatever is most convenient for you perhaps seldom used keys can be replaced by more useful characters In our example we ll assign the flask a value of 160 which is the code for the character 7 or a A rather arbitrary selection but SR 10 15 doesn t care m m m M m m M m m M m m m m m m m m m m m M ASCII Code JG ASCII Code Descender 1 Descender Z Start column Start column Z End column Zi Endcolumn f 4 646 GA lh lo 4 36 2 it m m m m m m m m m M m ASCII Code 6 ASCII Code Descender Descender Star column Start column End column f End column 4210s eg 49 43 49 Figure
93. print an electromagnet inside the printhead causes the appropriate wire to strike the ribbon making the SR 10 15 an impact printer O OQ O O O O O Figure 9 2 As the printhead moves across the page each of the wires prints one row of dots THE PRINT MATRIX All of the standard characters that the SR 10 15 prints are formed from patterns of dots that are permanently stored in the printer s ROM read only memory This includes all of the standard ASCII characters the block graphics and special characters the international character sets the NLQ characters and the italic characters 2 5 But there is another area of memory in the SR 10 15 reserved for user defined characters These are characters that you design and download into SR 10 15 When download characters are defined they are stored in RAM random access memory which allows you to define or modify them at any time Each of these characters whether it is from the standard character ROM or in download RAM is constructed on a grid which is six boxes wide by nine boxes high The dots used to print a character can be inside any of the boxes In addition a dot can straddle any of the vertical lines As an example take a look at the enlarged 9 superimposed on the grid in Figure 9 3 As you can see some dots are inside the boxes and some are centered on the vertical lines This in effect makes the character grid 11 dots wide by 9 d
94. r examples You have already printed a few lines on your SR 10 15 printer Now it s time to start looking at the many variations of printing style that you have available to you SOME SPECIAL KINDS OF TEXT B Near Letter Quality characters SR 10 15 s Near Letter Quality sometimes abbreviated as NLQ character set is ideal for correspondence and other im portant printing for it takes a keen eye to detect that it is from a dot matrix printer Normally unless you have turned DIP switch 1 4 off SR 10 15 prints draft quality characters This is adequate for most work and it prints fastest But for the final printout try NLQ The program below shows how 19 Demo near letter quality character set 20 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHRS 4 Select NLQ 3 LPRINT This line shows NEAR LETTER QUALITY 4 LPRINT CHRS 27 B CHRS 5 3 Select draft 5 LPRINT This line shows standard print In this program line 20 selects NLQ characters with the lt ESC gt B CHR 4 command Line 30 prints a sample before line 40 switchs SR 10 15 back to draft printing with an lt ESC gt B CHR 5 When you run the program you should get this This line shows NEAR LETTER QUALITY This line shows standard print If you are using with the IBM mode change the following lines to the program given above 20 LPRINT CHR 27 ng Select NLQ 4 LPRINT CHRS 27 5 Select draft Table 5 1 Near letter quality commands F
95. r format statement on page 104 105 1536 to 1791 x 1536 1 O O O O O O O O O not used Figure 10 1 Starting with the most significant bit at the top each pin of the print head is assigned a value which is a power of two Note that for 7 bit computers the top pin cannot be used A short program should demonstrate how to implement the graphics command The program below gave us this printout 19 Demo dot graphics 2 PI 3 14159 3 WID 109 4 OPEN LPT1 AS 1 WIDTH 1 255 5 PRINT 1 CHR 27 K CHRS WID MOD 256 CHRS INT WID 256 60 FOR I TO WID 1 70 PRINT 1 CHRS 2 INT 1 SIN I PI 32 3 5 5 8 NEXT I 90 LPRINT 109 CLOSE 1 In line 50 we ve selected normal density graphics and said that 100 characters of graphics data would follow The loop between line 60 and 80 is repeated to plot 100 points along a curve This is an example of plotting a very simple mathematical function a sine wave to create a design Later in this chapter we ll show something more complex The mathematical concepts such as sine and pi demonstrated here are not important you don t have to be a math whiz to use SR 10 15 s graphics 106 H Combining text and graphics It s also possible to mix text and graphics in one line This can be useful for labeling charts or graphs or even inserting fancy graphics in text Try adding these lines to our program 45 PRINT f1 WOW
96. racter sets Table 8 7 Macro instruction commands Table 9 1 Download character commands Table 10 1 Calculating n and n2 Table 10 2 Dot graphics commands Table A 1 DIP switch settings Table A 2 International character sets Table H 1 Parallel interface pin functions Table I 1 Serial interface pin functions Table I 2 DIP switch 3 Table I 3 Handshaking protocols Table I 4 Data transfer rates Table J 1 IBM PC parallel cable Table J 2 Apple parallel cable Table J 3 TRS 80 Model I parallel cable Table J 4 TRS 80 Model II parallel cable Table J 5 Kaypro parallel cable Table J 6 Osborne 1 parallel cable ERR eec 2 A ee CHAPTER 1 SETTING UP SR 10 15 In this chapter we ll show you how to unpack your new SR 10 15 printer set it up in the right location and get it ready for you to load it with paper and start printing But first WHERE SHALL WE PUT IT Before you do anything else give some thought to where you ll be using your printer Obviously it will be somewhere near your computer And both printer and computer will lead longer healthier lives if they like their environment For a congenial environment we recommend e Placing the printer on a flat surface e Keeping it out of direct sunlight and away from heat producing appliances e Using it only in temperatures where you are comfortable Avoiding areas with a lot of dust grease or humidity e Giving it clean electricity Don t connect it to
97. s like this example lt ESC gt W 1 31 This is the command to turn on expanded print lt ESC gt as we mentioned earlier 1s the way we will indicate the escape code which is ASCII code 27 A letter or number enclosed in quote marks such as the W above means that character should be sent to the printer without the quote marks In our example you should send a capital W following the escape code In BASIC you could do this in a couple of ways by sending the character itself e g LPRINT W or by using the CHR function to send the ASCII code for the character e g LPRINT CHR3 87 Many of SR 10 15 s commands end with a 1 or 0 When shown as in the above example i e no quotes and no CHR you can use either ASCII code 1 i e CHRS 1 or the character 1 which is ASCII code 49 The same idea applies to commands ending with 0 So for our example above any of these BASIC statements will have the same result LPRINT CHR 27 W CHRS 1 LPRINT CHR 27 W CHRS 49 LPRINT CHR 27 wl There are three commands that require the use of ASCII code 0 the character 0 ASCII code 48 cannot be substituted In these cases instead of an unadorned 0 we will show CHRS 0 each time these commands are referenced The commands are lt ESC gt C CHRS 0 n set page length to n inches lt ESC gt D CHRS 0 set horizontal tabs and lt ESC gt P CHR 0 or lt ESC gt
98. t s the way it comes in a stack It is this edge that you should align with the front cover cutter edge so that printing will start just one inch below that point When loading sprocket paper never place the release lever in either the set or friction position You ll know when this happens by the beep tone and the paper out lamp glowing red Use the tractor setting at all times when loading or running sprocket paper When you use multi layer paper such as a 3 part car bonless form you should adjust the print head gap to fit the greater paper thickness as explained earlier in this chapter If paper should jam when loading sprocket paper it s usually because you forgot to put the bail lever in the open position by pulling it towards you Best thing to do then is to turn the power off open the front cover and roll the paper backwards by turning the platen knob If the printing is faint first check the thickness adjustment lever then try a new ribbon If it s still too faint perhaps it s finally time for a new print head 2l bee CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED WITH SR 10 15 In this chapter you ll learn about Using SR 10 15 with commercial software e ASCII codes You have assembled and tested your printer and seen a quick sample of SR 10 15 s capabilities in the self test Now it s time to do what you bought SR 10 15 to do print information from your computer USING COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
99. t reverse the procedure Figure 1 2 illustrates the proper position and movement for both removal and replacement of the covers Rear cover Front cover Figure 1 2 Remove the printer covers by tilting them up to about 45 then lifting straight up BM Removing packing and shipping screws There are three on an SR 10 or four on an SR 15 shipping screws on the bottom of the printer used to hold the internal chassis securely to the external frame during shipping To get at these carefully place the printer upside down on a soft surface like a foam cushion Remove the screws with a Phillips screwdriver as shown in Figure 1 3 Next remove the front cover and remove the spiral tube on the carriage stay which protects the print head per Figure 1 4 You ll be smart to save these screws along with the rest of the packing material and the shipping carton in case you ever have to ship the printer Tape the screws somewhere on the carton or packing 10 has three screws which secure the chassis during shipping SR 15 has four They should be removed before use Figure 1 3 SR B Installing the platen knob This is the knob that turns the rubber platen cylinder It fits into the hole on the right side of the printer case Just match the odd shaped hole in the knob with the same shape on the shaft you ll see inside the hole in the case and press it on firmly Give Figure 1 4 Remove the spiral tube on th
100. t to your computer then your Star dealer will give you advice on connecting SR 10 15 to your computer Figure 1 8 SR 10 15 has parallel interface as standard Then in Chapter 2 you ll learn how to load paper here s where you ll use the paper guides and operate SR 10 15 CHAPTER 2 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR SR 10 15 The more you learn about SR 10 15 and its sophisticated T features old and new the better SR 10 15 is going to perform a for you Remember it s not just what you know it s what you know how to use So let s start getting acquainted Subjects we ll cover in this chapter include Components and controls Paper out and front cover open detectors Paper selection and loading Adjusting the gap for different paper thickness Self test printout of available characters Some tips for smoother operation r o COMPONENTS AND CONTROLS First the components You saw most of these when you un packed you printer Now we ll give you a condensed rundown on what they do For details on your initial set up of SR 10 15 with all components in place see Chapter 1 PRINTER COVERS There are two front and rear Their function is to protect the ribbon and print head from dust and dirt and also to reduce the sound level SINGLE SHEET GUIDE As you ve guessed this plastic rack is used to support and guide the single sheets during printing SPROCKET PAPER GUIDE This wire rack ser
101. tal letters most lowercase letters and most special characters use only the top seven pins of the printhead Download characters can go one better they can use as many as eight of the nine wires in the print head So our grid is eight dots high It s also possible to use the bottom eight pins just as the g j p q and y of the standard character sets do These are called descenders because the bottom of the character de scends below the baseline of the rest of the characters One bit in the download character definition command is used to tell SR 10 15 whether a character is to be treated as a descender or not We ll get to the command in due time For now if your 84 character uses the top eight dots write in a one next to the word Descender on the layout grid if it uses the bottom eight dots write in a zero In our example we ll want the bottom of the flask to line up with the baseline of the other characters so it will not be a descender As shown in Figure 9 5 we ve written in a 1 on our grid m m m m m m m m m M M 128 B ASCII Code 64 M Descender L Start column End column M Descender 128 Start 16 End Figure 9 5 We ve designed a character and decided that it would not be a descender hence the 1 written in H Rule 2 Dots cannot overlap As you can see in Figure 9 5 our flask has a nearly continuous ou
102. tart with the proper paper Paper width must be between 5 and 8 inches 51 2 and 147 inches for the SR 15 and paper thickness between 07 mm and 10mm 16 pound to 24 pound bond falls in this range Loading is done automatically and instantly by pushing the Feed button Here s the correct sequence 1 Attach the single sheet guide to the printer Figure 2 4 2 To set the margin use the little metal guide shown in Figure 2 5 in one of its 3 positions 3 Put the release lever in the set position This step is very important for proper sheet alignment 4 Putting the left edge of the sheet against the metal guide insert a sheet into the paper chute until the bottom edge of the paper touches the paper stopper The set position of the release lever permits you to get the paperin straight 5 Now push the release lever away from you to the friction position This grips the paper securely for proper feeding 6 Make sure that the bail is resting against the platen you should push the bail lever away from the front of the printer SR 10 15 will automatically lift it out of the way at the proper time 7 With the power on press the Feed button and the paper automatically moves around the platen to the correct position to start printing just one inch from the top edge of the sheet Note If you d like to start the first line of printing lower down on the sheet as for letter correspondence for example just press the Paus
103. the printhead is moving in both directions But once in a while you may have an application where you are more concerned about how the vertical lines align than with how fast it prints SR 10 15 lets you make this choice The table below shows the commands for controlling how SR 10 15 prints Table 8 3 Printing direction commands Mode Control code Print in one direction IBM Print in both directions BM lt ESC gt UT 0 One time print in one STAR lt ESC gt lt direction IBM ESC lt Try this program to see the difference that printing in one direction makes 10 Demo unidirectional printing 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 A CHRS 7 Line spacing 7 72 30 FOR I 1 TO 10 40 LPRINT 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT LPRINT 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 U CHRS 1 Turn on unidirectional printing 80 FOR I 1 TO 10 90 LPRINT 100 NEXT I 110 LPRINT CHRS 12 CHRS 27 Q i Form feed master reset Here is what you will get The top line is printed bidirectionally and the bottom is printed undirectionally You will have to look hard because there isn t much difference Let s analyze the program Line 20 sets the line spacing to 7 72 of an inch so that the characters that we print will touch top to bottom Lines 30 50 print 10 vertical line characters Then line 70 sets one direction printing and the vertical lines are printed 71 M A kate tat antc i l i again
104. the quotient and n is the remainder why not let your computer figure it out for you if the number of columns is as signed to variable X then nJ X MOD 256 and n2 INT X 256 Table 10 1 might make things even easier Table 10 1 Calculating n7 and n2 for graphics X ranges from then ni is and n2 is x x X X X L Itos o zx 5 2 0 L sS J x25 5 o 7 10410127709 x 104 4 Rum DAI 2048 to 2303 x 2089 8 2304 1025589 x 239M9 9 2560102815 x 2500 i0 E Specifying the graphics data Now that we ve told SR 10 15 how much data to expect we better figure out how to send that information Just as you do with download characters with dot graphics you have control over the firing of every single pin on SR 10 15 s print head In Figure 10 1 you can see that we ve labeled each pin on the print head with a number as we did with download characters you should note one important difference this time the top pin has the highest value for download character definitions it is the bottom pin And specifying pins to fire is done in the same way to fire the second pin from the top for instance send a CHR 64 Firing several pins at once is done in a similar fashion For ex ample to print the first third and fourth dots add their values 128 32 16 to send this total CHR 176 This is one byte of graphics data it would replace m in ou
105. this 4 Advance paper 3 lines 50 LPRINT CHR 27 a CHRS 3 Now when you run the program the results will look like this Line mamos i Lime Pumper i r Line number Lime numberm 4 The new line 50 moves the paper up 3 lines but the printhead doesn t move Therefore line 60 prints its message starting in the column that the printhead was left in at the end of line 30 FORMS CONTROLS We have seen how to control the spacing between lines on a page SR 10 15 also has commands that control the placement of printing on the page and even adjust for different size pages H Form feed The simplest forms control code is the form feed Form feed or lt FF gt is CHR 12 and causes the printer to move the paper to the top of the next sheet Try it by changing lines 40 and 50 to this 54 4 Form feed 5 LPRINT CHRS 12 Before you run the program turn your printer off and adjust the paper so that the top of the sheet is even with the top of the ribbon guide on the print head then turn the printer back on If you don t remember how to do this review Chapter 2 When you run the program the results will look like this Line number 1 Q Line number 2 Line number 3 Line number 4 2 XM AD Oe The form feed CHR 12 in line 50 caused the printer to move to the top of a new page before printing the last two lines A note to TRS 80 users CHR 12 is a problem code for the TRS
106. tline But you may ask why not make it a really solid line and print all the intermediate dots as shown in Figure 9 6 Be cause the dots that straddle the vertical lines in the grid actually overlap those inside the boxes If we tried to print overlapping dots the SR 10 15 printhead would have to slow down and back up to print both dots not very efficient To avoid this inefficiency SR 10 15 will not allow you to define a character like Figure 9 6 Actually you can define it but when it prints SR 10 15 will leave out the overlapping dots so that it would print like Figure 9 5 m m m m m m m m m Mio M ASCII Code WRONG Descender Start column End column M Descender 128 Start 16 End Figure 9 6 Dots cannot overlap those in immediately adjacent half columns will be ignored when the character is printed H Add up each column of dots Now it s time to give our creative side a break and get down to some basic arithmetic That s where the numbers down the left side of the grid come in Notice that there is a number for each row of dots and that each number is twice the number below it By making these numbers powers of two we can take any combination of dots in a vertical column and assign them a unique Figure 9 7 By adding the values of each dot in a column you ll get a unique description for any combination of dots ES value Some examples will make th
107. tribute byte m0 for our flask character You ll probably recognize m1 m11 from the top of our layout grid That s right each column is described by one byte Now we ve got everything we need to download one character to the printer The complete command for our flask character with the STAR mode is shown in Figure 9 11 CHR 27 CHR 42 CHR 1 CHR 1690 CHRS 160 CHR 139 Escape 1 nl n2 mg CHR 2 CHR 5 CHR 8 CHR 241 CHR CHRS ml m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 CHRS 241 CHR 8 CHRS 5 CHR 2 CHRS m7 m8 m9 mlg m11 Figure 9 11 This is the complete command to send our flask character to the SR 10 15 printer Now let s send the information to the printer But before you send the information be sure that the DIP switch 1 5 is set off position If not set it correctly while the power is off then turn the power on again The following program will send the character definitions for all three characters with the STAR mode to the printer Enter the program and run it 90 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 1 CHRS 16 CHRS 162 2 FOR N 16 TO 162 3 FOR M TO 11 4 READ MM 50 LPRINT CHR MM 6 NEXT M 7 NEXT N 8 LPRINT 90 DATA 139 2 5 8 241 0 0 241 8 5 2 0 100 DATA 139 124 0 66 4 64 36 16 2 16 12 0 110 DATA 139 46 16 2 60 0 48 0 48 0 48 0 When you run this program it looks like nothing happens That s OK We ll see why in just a moment Save this program We
108. ughts l In as few words as possible we ll highlight the several special features that SR 10 15 offers you and 2 We ll show you how this manual can help you get the most from your SR 10 15 while saving you time effort and money Taking up the special features first so they ll be fresh in your mind as you ramble through this manual specifically Speed At 200 characters per second top printing speed It s one of the fastest in its class And SR 10 15 is smart too when printing blank spaces SR 10 15 speeds up to a blistering 240 CPS 634 Characters Allows printing in no less than nine different fonts of type faces including a brand new face which we call Near Letter Quality A solid black dot free high resolution type face that looks more like typewriter than computer generated printing Perfect for correspondence Faster Paper Handling More economical too Automatic feeding for both single sheets and sprocket paper And the unique built in tractor design behind the platen avoids wasting a sheet each time you start printing as in conventional loading It also permits reverse paper feed for multiple colunm printing or other special applications with a neater appearance too Graphics If you re designing your own you ll be delighted at finding six different dot graphic densities with varying degrees of resolution or sharpness There s even a quadruple density with 240 dots per inch
109. unction Mode Control code Near letter quality ON STAR lt ESC gt B CHR 4 Near letter quality OFF STAR lt ESC gt B CHRS IBM _ lt ESC gt 5 W Italic printing Italic letters are letters that are slanted to the nght SR 10 15 can print all of its letters except NLQ characters in italic as well as the roman standerd letters you are accustomed to Italics can be used to give extra emphasis to certain words The com mand codes to turn italic on and off are shown in Table 5 2 Table 5 2 Italic commands Function Mode Control code IBM IBM Use this program with STAR mode to see italic characters mes ae 10 Demo italic and roman 20 LPRINT CHR 27 4 Italic on 30 LPRINT This line is in ITALIC characters 40 LPRINT CHR 27 5 Italie off 50 LPRINT This line is in ROMAN normal characters Here is what you should get in ITALIC characters This Pine is is in ROMAN normal characters This line This program is easy line 20 turns italic on with lt ESC gt 4 and line 40 turns it off with ESC 5 S H Underlining 4 Not only can SR 10 15 print all styles ot printing in both roman and italic but it can underline them too The control codes are shown in Table 5 3 Table 5 3 Underline commands Function Mode Control coe Underline ON STAR lt ESC gt 1 Underline OFF lt ESC gt IBM
110. ut the flicker it s normal ON LINE LAMP Glows green when the communication lines to your computer are open PAPER OUT LAMP Glows red when the printer is out of paper and stops printing It works only when you re using sprocket paper PAUSE LAMP A very important control It glows green when the pause button has been pressed or when the front cover has been opened When the pause lamp is on you can feed paper with the LF FF or Feed buttons but there s no printing possible When the pause lamp is off the printer will print but you can t feed paper PAUSE BUTTON Basically this button allows you to change the printer status from printing to not printing or vice versa with the results stated above under the Pause Lamp heading This allows you to stop printing to advance the paper a few lines or to the top of the next page FEED BUTTON This is used for automatic feeding of single sheets which is described in detail later in this chapter LF BUTTON Stands for Line Feed and allows you to advance the paper one line at a time when the pause lamp is on If you hold the button down you ll get consecutive line feeds one after the other FF BUTTON Stands for Form Feed When you tap this button while the pause lamp is on you advance the paper to the top of a new page or form ON LINE BUTTON Lets you change the printer status between off line and on line
111. ve to the block style output of a defined pitch It moves its print head only as far as each character needs Thus the print head moves further for M s and W s than for Vs and i s The table below shows four options of this command Table 5 5 Print pitch commands Pith Characterslinch Mode Control code Pica STAR ESC B CHR 1 or CHR 18 IBM lt ESC gt P or CHR 18 lt ESC gt M Condensed 17 STAR ESC B CHR 3 or CHR 15 CHR 15 Proportional ON STAR lt ESC gt p 1 lt ESC gt p Proportional OFF STAR lt ESC gt p 0 IBM lt ESC gt p 0 Let s see how these four pitches look Try this program with STAR mode 1 Demo all pitches 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 B CHRS 3 Select condensed pitch 39 3 LPRINT This line is CONDENSED pitch 4 LPRINT CHRS 27 B CHRS 2 Select elite pitch 5 LPRINT This line is ELITE pitch 6 LPRINT CHRS 27 p CHRS 1 Select proportional 7 LPRINT This line is PROPORTIONAL spacing 80 LPRINT CHR 27 p CHRS U Cancel proportional 99 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHR 1 Select pica pitch 19 LPRINT This line is PICA pitch normal When you run this program you should get this This line is CONDENSED pitch This line is ELITE pitch This line is PROPORTIONAL spacing This line is FICA pitch normal Line 20 turns on condensed pitch with
112. ves the same function but for sprocket paper INK RIBBON CARTRIDGE A neat and tidy timesaver which snaps into place within a few seconds POWER CORD Connects the printer to its power source usually a wall outlet It s located at the right rear S PRINT HEAD This is the unit which does the actual printing r MEI Tr m p a LES S Pr dw rw S T Eee MEN QU NM TE E RAE ra a aod ai h c ee Bail lever Figure 2 1 Front and rear views of SR 10 Like a typewriter the print head prints through an ink ribbon TRACTOR This built in unit sits in the rear of your printer under the rear cover Its sprocket wheels carry the sprocket feed paper on its pathway through the printer PLATEN This is the rubber cylinder that carries paper to the print head Interface connector 3 Ground terminal il i a M Power cord connector R Figure 2 2 Front and rear views of SR 15 INTERFACE CONNECTOR Around on the back this is the place where you connect your computer to SR 10 15 so that they are able to communicate with each other Now let s take a tour around the controls starting with the control panel board located at the right front There are 5 lamps and 5 buttons on the panel Figure 2 3 SR 10 15 s controls POWER LAMP Glows green when the power is on READY LAMP Glows green when the printer is ready to accept data This light flickers during transmission Don t worry abo
113. we use to the system that your commercial software uses you should be able to use many of SR 10 15 s advanced features It may help however if we look at a couple of examples H The escape code There s one particular ASCII code that we are going to be using more than all the rest This is ASCII 27 which is called escape With all of SR 10 15 s advanced features there weren t enough single ASCII codes to go around So escape is used to start se quences of control codes that open a wider range of functions to us While you must call this code CHR 27 in BASIC we are going to refer to it as lt ESC gt in this book This will make it much easier to recognize when we use it A typical escape code sequence starts with lt ESC gt which is followed by one or more codes As an example the escape code sequence to turn on emphasized print is ESC p We ll learn more about these escape code sequences and how to use them in the chapters that follow B Using this book without learning BASIC Throughout the latter part of this book we will be teaching you how to use all of SR 10 15 s features using the BASIC programming language in our examples This is because it is easy to communicate with SR 10 15 from BASIC and because despite its shortcomings BASIC is the nearest thing to a universal lan guage among users of personal computers But it s not the only way to communicate with SR 10 15 Even if you don t know BASIC you can
114. width you select should actually be one dot wider than the number of columns that the character actually occupies This is so that there will be a space of one dot between characters when you print them If you specify a width which is exactly the same as the number of columns in the character definition the characters will touch when they print this is sometimes desirable for border characters or for large download characters that are more than eleven dots wide Table 9 1 Download character commands Function Mode Conrolcode Define download character STAR lt ESC gt 1 n n2 lt ESC gt amp CHR3 0 IBM nl n2 m0 ml mll1 Copy ROM to download STAR lt ESC gt 0 RAM lt ESC gt 000 IBM lt ESC gt 0 0 B Connecting characters As we noted earlier it s possible to connect proportional width characters This can be useful for creating logos or other char acters which are larger than one normal character It also makes it possible to create connecting scripts like handwritng The trick to this is to specify the width in the attribute byte to be exactly the same as the number of columns of dots that the character or partial character occupies And if you change the vertical spacing to 7 72 use the lt ESC gt 1 command you can make characters connect vertically This allows you to make very large characters indeed In t
115. y This is your graph paper The first thing to do is to determine how big you want your output to be this will determine the size of your array If you have grandiose plans to fill an entire page with plotter output you better have lots of memory in your computer With 60 dots per inch horizontally and 72 dots per inch vertically it takes at least 540 bytes of memory for each square inch of plotted area That doesn t sound so bad but an area 8 inches square requires over 32K Your array should be two dimensional just like graph paper where one dimension will be the number of columns of dots and the other dimension is the number of printing lines remember that you can have up to eight rows of dots per printed line Here s a program that will use calculated shape graphics to plot a circle As you ll see by changing a few lines it can be used to plot virtually any shape 19 General purpose for plotting program 2g 30 Set program constants 40 MAXCOLZ 75 MAXROWZ 14 50 DIM BITZ MAXCOLZ MAXROWZ 60 MASKZ 1 64 MASKZ 4 8 70 MASKZ 2 32 MASKZ 5 4 80 MASKZ 3 16 MASKZ 6 2 90 LX 20 LY 260 100 LXFAC 72 LX LYFAC 87 LY 119 120 Plot curve 130 GOSUB 600 14g 150 Send bit image map to printer 160 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHR 6 170 FOR ROWZ TO MAXROWZ 180 AS reese 190 LPRINT CHR 27 K CHRS MAXCOL CHRS 200 FOR COLZ 1 TO MAXCOLZ 210 AS AS CHRS BI

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