ALFAT SoC Processor
Contents
1. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reserved Archive Folder Volume System Hidden Read ID Only M Copy From File to Another Since ALFAT supports opening more than one file at the same time and it supports three file media this command comes handy copy data from a file to another even if the files are located on different media Format M lt sp gt HANDLE_SRC lt sp gt INDEX lt HANDLE SRC Handle source sP HANDLE DES sP LENGTH INDEX Copy from this index of F gt handle source 100 lt LF gt HANDLE_DES Handle destination XXXX lt LF gt LENGTH Length of data need to be 00 lt LF gt copied xxxx actual size has copied Example M lt sp gt 0 lt sp gt 0 lt sp gt 1 lt sp gt 64 lt LF gt Copy from file handle 0 at index 0 to 100 lt LF gt handle 1 with 0x64 bytes 00000064 lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt Rev 1 13 Page 33 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set A Rename file Format A lt sp gt FULL PATH gt NEW FILE FULL PATH The full path of file It is NAME LF also included file name 100 lt LF gt NEW FILE NAME The new name file Just only name of new file no include full path here Example A lt sp gt U0 GHI ALFAT TXT gt ALFATOO Rename ALFAT TXT in GHI folder 1 TXT lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt from USBO to ALFAT001 TXT E Test Media Speed Format E lt sP gt X gt ssssssss lt LF gt X Drive name included 100 lt2. Rev 1 13 Page 6 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Architecture 2 Architecture ALFAT SoC processor is an ARM Cortex M3 processor that runs a robust file system engine with SD and USB host mass storage drivers The processor access storage media though its 4 bit SD interface and two USB host 2 0 interface One of the USB host ports is capable running at high speed 480mbps with external ULPI HS PHY chip ALFAT SoC processor provides 3 different standard access interfaces for the host system UART SPI or I2C Host System AVR PIC etc y SD miniSD pSD 4 Bit SD Bus SDHC N 7 MMC card USBOFS USB1 FS ZS AANT 295 ALFAT SoC sos Z Processor 2T ARM Cortex M3 Core Rev 1 13 Page 7 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Architecture 2 1 Commander The function of the commander is to provide the user with a protocol and a set of commands to control the processor and access the files on the storage devices The physical interface that the user the host system can use to access the commander is UART SPI or I2C serial port Commands are human readable ASCII format This allows for easier development and troubleshooting But at the same time the commands are designed to be easy to parse by the the host software 2 2 FAT
3. Typical Power Consumption 0 5mA Ta 25 C o Maximum Power Consumption 1 2mA Ta 25 C 11mA Ta 85 C The user can put ALFAT in a certain mode using Z command Format Z lt SP gt N lt LF gt n Power mode number 100 lt LF gt Example Z lt sP gt 0 lt LF gt Put ALFAT in Standby mode The system will reset after waking After waking up from Standby mode up i program execution restarts in the same way as after a Reset Example2 Z lt sP gt 1 lt LF gt Put ALFAT in Stop mode 100 lt LF gt The 00 will be returned after ALFAT wakes up by setting WAKEUP pin low Power mode number 0 Standby Mode 1 Stop Mode 2 9 Reserved T Initialize Real Time Clock Format T lt sP gt S lt LF gt Shared Mode The RTC runs off the same 100 lt LF gt processor clock T lt sP gt B lt LF gt Backup Mode The RTC clocks using the 100 lt LF gt external 32 768Khz crystal and runs VBAT power 1 65V to 3 6 V backup coin battery This ensures that the RTC keeps clocking even if ALFAT main power is down Rev 1 13 Page 21 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set S Set Current Time and Date Format S sr ddddtttt rF ddddtttt time and date 32bit structure 100 lt LF gt Example S lt sp gt 34210000 lt F gt Set 1 1 2006 00 00 00 100 lt LF gt Time and Date structure is a 32 bits standard
4. 2 4 USB Mass Storage Access ALFAT SoC processor is capable of accessing FAT file system files on USB mass storage devices The hardware provides two standard Full Speed USB 2 0 compatible host interfaces USBO and USB1 that use the internal USB PHY Only 22ohm resistors and USB host connector is needed dne USB1 interface is also capable of running in USB 2 0 High Speed mode by adding ULPI High Speed PHY chips like FUSB2805 This options quadruples the file system access speed Full Speed USB 2 0 is 12mbps High Speed USB 2 0 is 480mbps 2 5 Boot Loader The boot loader is a piece of software that boots the system up It verifies and runs ALFAT firmware Also It gives the hosting system an interface for firmware maintenance GHI Electronics regularly maintains ALFAT firmware with improvements and bug fixes ALFAT boot loader allows the hosting system to update the firmware The boot loader can only be accessed through the UART port and it uses XMODEM 1K to transfer the firmware file to ALFAT Boot Loader and firmware update section explain this in more details Rev 1 13 Page 9 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Package and Pin Out 3 Package and Pin Out ALFAT SoC package is standard 10x10mm LQFP64 The following Table illustrates a brief description of ALFAT SoC processor pins Pin Name Description Power source for the internal RTC Connect to 3V battery or 4 VBAT VC
5. 5 ALFAT Command Set All commands are in ASCII format A terminal programs can be used to enter all commands manually to evaluate the commands Note that the data exchanged with the files do not have to be in ASCII format This data is transferred as is When ALFAT is done processing a command it will always return an error code in this form Ixx n where xx is the error number If a command returns some information then it will be the user expects a symbol followed by the information unless otherwise is noted You can send multiple commands to ALFAT SoC until its FIFO is full indicated by BUSY or RTS ALFAT will process one at the time in the same order Command Description Command Description Get version number Initialize MMC SD or USB Low power Open file to a free handle Initialize Real Time Clock Write to a file Set current time and date Read from a file Get current time and date Flush file Change Baud rate Close file Enable echo File seek Read status register File tell Test media Delete file or folder Get free size Find file or folder Initialize directory list Copy From File to Another Get next directory entry Rename file OoizaGxmicisxumoouuN c Format Tr zE OU xuomuzso Fast Write to file SPI only General command notes e Any command with its argument can not exceed 200 bytes This is not related to the 4096 byte data FIFO
6. DISCLAIMER DISCLAIMER IN NO EVENT SHALL GHI ELECTRONICS LLC OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT ANY NOTICE PRICES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT ANY NOTICE ALFAT SOC PROCESSOR AND ITS LINE OF OEM BOARDS ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS ALFAT is a Trademark of GHI Electronics LLC Other Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are Owned by their Respective Companies GHI Electronics LLC 2012 Rev 1 13 Page 51 of 51 www ghielectronics com Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing Inventory Delivery amp Lifecycle Information GHI Electronics ALFAT SC 340
7. Package and Pin Out Pin Name Description being processed Low when command is complete Note The command is considered complete when ALFAT is done sending the response to the command This is automatically completed in UART but SPI and I2C are slaves so ACTIVE pin will go low after the master reads the response It is completely safe to ignore this signal and keep it not connected 21 USB1 ULPI CK USB High Speed PHY signal Not connected if PHY is not used SPI_MISO 22 UART BUSY MISO SPI interface and UART BUSY pin 5V tolerant 23 SPI MOSI MOSI SPI interface 5V tolerant SD Write protection signal input Low card not protected 24 WP Note WP MUST be connected to ground if Write protection signal is not used in the hardware design Memory Card Detect signal input Low card detected 25 CD Note CD MUST be connected to ground if Card Detect signal is not used in the hardware design 26 USB1 ULPI D1 USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 27 USB1 ULPI D2 USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 28 BOOT1 Add a 10K resistor to ground 29 USB1 ULPI D3 USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 30 USB1 ULPI D4 USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 31 VCAP 1 Connect to a 22uF to ground 32 VDD1 Power 3 3V 33 USB1 ULPI D5 USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 34 USB1 ULPI D6 USB
8. W Open for write will create a new file and give write privileges to it If the file already exists it will be erased and re written e A Open for append will write data to the end of the file If the file does not exist it will be created ALFAT has 16 available file handles Each file once opened must be associated with a handle Closing the file would free up the file handle Note 1 ALFAT can access unlimited number of files The limitation is 16 simultaneous opened files but a handle can be closed then used to open any other file Note 2 Initialize command should be called to initialize and mount the file system Any other file related commands including O command will fail if this was not called first Format O lt sp gt nM gt full path r Open file file name followed full path 00 lt LF gt and associate it with handle n and access mode M n is the handle number in HEX and can be 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E or F M can be R WorA Example O lt sp gt 1R gt M TEST VOLTAGE Open file VOLTAGE LOG with file LOG r handle 1 and read access mode This 00 lt LF gt file is located in TEST older on SD memory card O lt sp gt 0W gt U0 DAT CURRENT Open file CURRENT LOG using file LOGar handle 0 and write access mode on 00 lt LF gt USBO If folder DAT is not available it will be created automatically Rev 1 13 Page 27 of 51 www ghielectronics com ALFAT SoC Processor
9. 13 Page 25 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set N Get Next Directory Entry Calling N command retrieves a directory entry from the directory list initialized using command Every time N command is called ALFAT retrieves an entry of the list and increment the list pointer When list pointer reaches the end of the list and N is called again ALFAT returns error code 0x04 indicating the end of the list has been reached Format N ar NNNNN File Name 100 lt LF gt EEE File Extension if any NNNNN EEE lt LF gt AA 1 byte in HEX File AA lt LF gt Attributes SSSSSSSSS lt LF gt ssssssss 4 bytes in HEX file 100 lt LF gt size Example N lt LF gt Passing N command two 100 lt LF gt times and getting the results TEST0001 TXT lt LF gt 00 lt LF gt 0000FE23 LF 100 lt LF gt N lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt TEST0002 TXT lt LF gt 20 lt LF gt 00001234 lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt File Attributes are one byte Standard Attribute Structure in FAT system 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reserved Archive Folder Volume System Hidden Read ID Only Rev 1 13 Page 26 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set O Open File for Read Write or Append The command requires a free file handle and a access mode Open Modes are e R Open for read requires the file to exist at the specified path e
10. 5 L Fast Write to File SPI mode only 29 1 2 Example abplICSltORIS 5 5 eem ird pierre ERE bod 6 Fe lusti File Dalai der trei ETRAS andes 31 UNI c e 6 Rs COS FING stan canecsnsabcnsdhnetansxtun eer 31 2ArCNECUTE E T P s File Seek tret eerte cies 31 2 1 COMMANA O esrara anaa eR 8 Aa MM E EE E E 32 2 2 FAT Pile System EngNet 8 D Delete File or Folder sssrini 32 2 3 Memory Card Access SDHC SD or MMC 8 7 Fili File ot Fold sce reponere tcs 33 2 4 USB Mass Storage ACCess eerte g M Copy From File to Another 33 Passe Iro MEE g As Rename file eee EE 34 3 Package Andi PIN 870 P aa 10 E Test Media Speed rtt ct eio 34 4 ALFAT access Intel Tace ouest REO RRUS aeaii 13 e epe Te dE 39 4 1 Selecting the access interface 13 6 Boot Loader and firmware update 36 4 2 UART Interface icr rtr tr tete 19 6 1 General Description iaceo rt erret 36 UART configurations sanirani 14 6 2 Firmware Update ADP 36 4 3 9PI internace Mod surcir 14 6 3 Boot Loader Comriands ocius instr arro 38 LUTIICHNIT arte LU 14 6 4 Updating the firmware using a terminal console 38 Read Transaction eet ih es 15 Hardware integration gulde eres 41 SPI DMA receive channel e ro rr noo 16 F AZPOWER SOUICC 41 SPI Bus GOnlfgdralbfis s e coepi etaed 16 DR KS EE 41 24 126 Interf
11. High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used Data Minus USB Port 1 This is only used if no HS PHY is 35 USB1 DM installed NC if PHY is used Add 22ohm resistor in series if used Data Plus USB Port 1 This is only used if no HS PHY is 36 USB1 DP installed NC if PHY is used Add 22ohm resistor in series if used 37 NC Should not be connected 38 NC Should not be connected 39 SD DO DO 4 bit SD Bus Add a 47K resistor between this pin and VDD 40 SD D1 D1 4 bit SD Bus Add a 47K resistor between this pin and VDD Rev 1 13 Page 11 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Package and Pin Out Pin Name Description This pin generates 19 2MHz clock It is usually used to clock the TI EPERE USB High Speed PHY 42 UART TX TX UART interface 5V tolerant oe mou E due I2C BUSY pin and VDD 44 USBO DM Data Minus USB Port 0 Add 22ohm resistor in series 45 USBO DP Data Plus USB Port 0 Add a 22ohm resistor in series 46 NC Should not be connected 47 VCAP 2 Connect to a 22uF to ground 48 VDD3 Power 3 3V 49 NC Should not be connected 50 SPI SSEL SSEL SPI interface 5V tolerant 51 SD D2 DO 4 bit SD Bus Add a 47K resistor between this pin and VDD 52 SD D3 D1 4 bit SD Bus Add a 47K resistor between this pin and VDD 53 SD CLK CLK 4 bit SD Bus 54 SD CMD BE 4 bit SD Bus Add a 47K resistor between this pin and 55 SPI SCK SCK SPI interface 5V t
12. SSEL 16 Not connected 2x5 pin mount Pin Name Pin Name 1 3 3V 2 Not Connected 3 UART TX 4 SPI MOSI 5 UART RX SPI BUSY I2C 6 SPI MISO UART BUSY BUSY 7 Reserved 8 VBAT 9 GND 10 RESET not 5V tolerant Rev 1 13 Page 47 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Conditions of Use and Performance 9 Conditions of Use and Performance 9 1 Selecting the Right Storage Media Current storage media market is flooded with low grade devices These devices may work on a PC but that doesn t mean the device was tested to follow the standards Also other devices may have advanced features not suitable for embedded devices For example some USB memory drives have a built in USB hub We made our best to support a wide range of storage medias that follow the standards But GHI Electronics does not guarantee that ALFAT will be able to access all storage media especial if it one of the medias mentioned earlier For products that integrates ALFAT SoC process it is important to test different media devices and offer a range of tested devices to end user GHI Electronics doesn t recommend any specific brand but always recommends selecting a well known source If media is not supported a failure happens at initialization not at file read and write usually If a media mounts with no errors in most cases it is safe to assume it will function with no later issues As discussed in the integratio
13. e Commands are terminated with line feed and ALFAT returned data termination is line feed as well However ALFAT will accept carriage return instead of line feed but not both e The user must read back the responses for each command properly and check whether the command was successful Rev 1 13 Page 19 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set Commands must have the exact formatting Extra spaces are not allowed All numbers are Hexadecimal represented in ASCII For example to send the decimal number 16 to ALFAT SoC which is 10 in Hexadecimal you send 0x31 which is ASCII for 1 and 0x30 which is ASCII for 0 Also for Hexadecimal numbers A to F they must be entered in upper case letters If using a terminal to enter commands manually then only type in the number Some commands have multiple error codes Usually the first error code denotes the command is accepted and then it is processed Another error code is sent when the command has finished processing successfully If the first error code was a no success then the command is terminated Note that the second error code will never be sent All commands that accept file name such as O and D commands require a full file path File name is not enough For example U1 folder data log is good but data log shouldn t be used ALFAT command s terminator can be LF n or CR r V Get Version Number Prints the v
14. structure used in FAT system For example 0x34212002 is 01 01 2006 04 00 04 Bits s Field Description 0x34212000 Bits in Binary 31 25 Year1980 Years since 1980 001 1010 24 21 Month 1 12 0001 20 16 Day 1 31 0 0001 15 11 Hour 0 23 0 0100 10 5 Minute 0 59 00 0000 4 0 Second2 Seconds divided by 2 0 30 0 0010 G Get Current Time and Date Format G lt sP gt D lt LF gt Get current date MM DD YYYY lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt G lt sP gt T lt LF gt Get current time HH MM SS lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt B Set UART Baud Rate Format B lt sP gt SSSSSSSS lt LF gt ssssssss The standard baud rate value in 100 lt LF gt HEX 100 lt LF gt The first 00 will be sent when the baud rate value is correct Example B lt sp gt 1C200 lt F gt Set the baud rate at 115200 100 lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt l Initialize and Mount MMC SD or USB This command should be called to initialize and mount the file system Any other file related commands will fail if this was not called first Rev 1 13 Page 22 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set Note1 WP pin MUST be connected to ground if Write protection signal is not used in the hardware design Note2 CD pin MUST be connected to ground if Card Detect signal is not used in the hardware design Format I lt sp gt X lt LF gt X Drive name 100 lt LF gt M Memory Ca
15. uei ous Le Qr teiterdeutbeieptinbsa idis 50 O Open File for Read Write or Append 27 DISCLAIMER cei a 51 R Read from File creer rne 28 Rev 1 13 Page 4 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Introduction 1 Introduction 1 1 ALFAT SoC processor Concept Adding FAT file system to products requires a lot of resources from the system and needs intensive development efforts This also requires USB Host drivers and SD memory drivers to be able o access storage medias such as SD cards or USB Mass Storage devices Additionally licensing patented technologies such as LFN is a lengthy and expensive process Thanks to ALFAT SoC Processor any simple system can now access files on SD cards and USB memory drives in a very short time with minimal resources through simple UART SPI or I2C interface ALFAT SoC processor is capable of accessing two USB mass storage devices and one memory card simultaneously This gives the user unique features such as copying data from one media to another USB Mass Storage Device1 UART SPI or I2C interface Host MCU VH Storage Device 2 SD SDHC MMC The Host MCU controls ALFAT through simple commands sent through UART serial SPI or 12C The commands give the host MCU the ability to access files on the storage media With ALFAT file access rate can reach 4000 KBytes sec An important advantage of ALFAT is that supports Long
16. up It verifies and runs the ALFAT firmware It also gives the hosting system an interface for firmware maintenance GHI Electronics regularly maintains ALFAT firmware with improvements and bug fixes ALFAT boot loader allows the hosting system to update the firmware The boot loader can only be accesses through the UART port without hardware handshaking So it only requires UART TX and UART RX pins It is very important that this UART port is exposed on the hardware even if the used ALFAT interface with the hosting system is not UART SPI or I2C This guarantees that ability to update ALFAT firmware when needed 6 2 Firmware Updater App An updater application is provided by GHI to aid in updating the firmware Users may also wish to implement this functionality right into the host system so an update can happen within the hosting system The firmware update uses standard XMODEM 1K CRC protocol To connect ALFAT or one of the OEM boards to a PC for update a TTL serial connection is needed If using a regular PC serial port then RS232 to TTL level converter is required between ALFAT UART interface and the serial port We recommend using USB TTL serial cable Here is the part number TTL 232R 3V3 from FTDI This USB enumerated as a virtual serial port and it provide TTL 3 3V levels at the other side that can be connected directly to ALFAT s UART interface Rev 1 13 Page 36 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Pr
17. ALFAT Command Set GHI Electronics R Read from File This command is called to read data through a file handle assigned to an open file with read mode The user determines the size of data to be read and the filler byte in the command parameters After executing the command ALFAT sends back the data and increments the internal file pointer If the the file pointer reached the end of the file then ALFAT returns filler bytes till it reaches the total size required in the R command then it returns the actual data size Note the data is sent directly to the user with no formatting no interpretation or conversion in UART and SPI mode In I2C mode some of the bytes might be replaced by two bytes Check I2C interfaces sections for more details Format R lt sp gt nM gt ssssssss lt r gt n File Handle 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B 100 lt LF gt C D E or F ssssssss Bytes are M Filler Character returned ssssssss 4 bytes Max in HEX data size aaaaaaaa r to read 100 lt LF gt aaaaaaaa 4 bytes always in HEX actual read size Example We have a file with 8 bytes ABCDEFGH in it and it is opened for read with handle number 2 R lt sp gt 2 gt 5 lt LF gt Read 5 bytes from file handle 2 with a 100 lt LF gt filler ABCDE 00000005 r 5 bytes are read 100 lt LF gt R lt sp gt 2Z gt 5 lt LF gt Read 5 more bytes 100 lt LF gt Only 3 bytes are available and 2 are filler FGH 00000003 lt LF gt bytes 100
18. C Always use 2 diodes to connect a battery and VCC in case the battery runs out of power VBAT works 1 65V to 3 6V If RTC is not needed connect to VCC 2 NC Should not be connected OSC32 IN Pin 1 for the 32 768KHz crystal for the real time clock Optional 4 OSC32 OUT Pin 2 for the 32 768KHz crystal for the real time clock Optional Pin 1 for parallel cut 12MHz system crystal 10pF to 20pF is 2 ees recommended 6 OSC_OUT Pin 2 for 12MHz system crystal 7 RESET Reset signal the pin pulled up internally Active Low THIS PIN IS NOT 5VOLT TOLERANT 8 USB1 ULPI STP USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 9 NC Should not be connected 10 USB1 ULPI DIR USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 11 USB1 ULPI NXT USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 12 VSSA Ground 13 VDDA 3 3V Power source 14 WAKEUP Wake up ALFAT check power mode command Z for more details 15 NC Should not be connected 16 NC Should not be connected 17 USB1 ULPI DO USB High Speed PHY signal Do not connect if PHY is not used 18 VSS1 Ground 19 VDD1 Power 3 3V Active signal indicates the current status of command 20 ACTIVE processing Useful for a system activity LED max 8mA On UART Active pin is high when a command is received and Rev 1 13 Page 10 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor
19. Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT access interface That actual Payload size is calculated as the following If the requested transaction size N is larger than ACT then P should equal ACT otherwise P should equal N Response Internal buffer filled Payload Bytes the size is P to frame portion if N gt ACT then P ACT else P N type 16 bit Size ACT Ignore ACT LSB ACTMSB Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte P Important ACT size should be used only for data size estimating purposes because the send buffer might get filled with more data while processing the read command SPI DMA receive channel This internal DMA channel that is used for high speed data receiving through SPI bus ALFAT opens this DMA channel only when it accepts to receive data with Fast Write to File command L Command ALFAT reserves 8192 Bytes in RAM for this DMA channel So the user can send 8192 or less Byte blocks of data without any delays in between the bytes and the DMA forwards the data to the reserved RAM region Then ALFAT will save the data into the file But the user needs to check SPI BUSY pin before sending each block Check Fast Write to File command L Command for more details about how to utilize SPI DMA channel Also ALFAT access reference code library provides an example how to use L command and access SPI DMA SPI Bus Configurations The maximum SPI clock is 24MHz SPI clock Idle state is Low Sampling is at the rising edge SPI BUSY acti
20. File Name LFN and it is licensed by Microsoft for commercial use Solutions that depends on ALFAT can use LFN commercially without the need for any additional licensing Rev 1 13 Page 5 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Introduction 1 2 Example applications High speed Data loggers Automated Machinery Digital picture viewer Consumer products 1 3 Key features Built in 2 port USB Host controller FAT16 and FAT32 File system No limits on media size file size or file folder count LFN Long File Name licensed by Microsoft Friendly user interface through UART SPI or I2C Programmable UART baud rate Up to 8 simultaneous file access SD SDHC card support no 2GB limit GHI electronics is an SD P association member MMC card support I Built in 2x USB 2 0 FS PHY USB 12mbps One USB ports is capable of HS 480mbps through external ULPI PHY High speed 4 bit SD card interface Up to 4000 KBytes sec file access speed on SD cards Up to 4000 KBytes sec file access speed on USB with ULPI HS PHY Up to 1000 KBytes sec file access speed on USB Full Speed no ULPI HS PHY RTC Real Clock Time with separate power domain All I O pins are 5 volt tolerant EXCEPT RESET PIN Small surface mount package LQFP 64 pin Single 3 3V power source Low power consumption 38mA fully operational and 5mA in hibernate 40 C to 85 C operational temperature RoHS Compliant Lead free
21. File System Engine The function of the file system engine is to handle accessing the file system according to FAT standards It has been optimized for high speed access and with high performance Here are some of the capabilities of this engine e FAT16 FAT32 e Licensed Long File Names support Licensed to be used on ALFAT by Microsoft e Access up to 16 opened files simultaneously e Complete directories folders support e File access functions include read write append seek tell find delete remove folder etc e High speed read or write access up to 4000KBytes sec e No limits on media size file size or file folder count It is important to note here that the 16 file handle limit is only on how many simultaneous files are open ALFAT SoC processor Has no limits on how many files can be opened and closed 2 3 Memory Card Access SDHC SD or MMC ALFAT SoC processor includes memory card driver internally that supports SD SDHC and MMC cards This gives ALFAT the ability to access a wide range of memory cards such as standard or high capacity SD uSD cards or multimedia cards There is no limit on the card capacity Unlike typical solutions that access the card through SPI based interface ALFAT s hardware provides a 4 bit SD bus interface for higher performance GHI Electronics is a member of SD association Rev 1 13 Page 8 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Architecture
22. LF gt M Memory Card drive aaaaaaaa r UO USB Flash drive 0 bbbbbbbb r U1 USB Flash drive 1 100 lt LF gt ssssssss 4 bytes in HEX data size for testing It should be divide 1024 aaaaaaaa 4 bytes in HEX total milisecond for writing bbbbbbbb 4 bytes in HEX total milisecond for reading First 00 is sent before starting calculations Example E lt sp gt M gt 6400000 lt F gt Test write and read on Memory 00 lt LF gt Card for 100MB 00005D14 r It takes 23828 millisecond for 000039FB r writing and 14843 millisecond for 100 lt LF gt reading Note this command may take a few seconds to minutes for calculations to finish depending on the test size It also needs 2 free handles for writing and reading Rev 1 13 Page 34 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics Q Format ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set Format Q lt sp gt CONFIRM FORMAT sP X Lr 100 lt LF gt 00 lt LF gt X is driver name Included M Memory card UO USB flash drive 0 U1 USB flash drive 1 First 00 is sent before formatting Second 00 is sent when done Note this command may take several seconds to finish depending on the media size Rev 1 13 Page 35 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Boot Loader and firmware update 6 Boot Loader and firmware update 6 1 General Description The boot loader is a software that boots the system
23. Most of the SD cards works with 24MHz but not the majority Cards that do not work with this high frequency will accept to be initialize but the is about 20 chance that it will fail to process write sector requests So it is highly recommended to use the default frequency if the final application should work with the majority of the Rev 1 13 Page 23 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set cards Important note 2 If the SD card is with a high class number this does not mean that it will work with higher clock frequency J Read Status Register Returns system status register Format J ar Read status register 100 lt LF gt ss is 1 byte in HEX that shows the SS lt LF gt status of media drive 100 lt LF gt First 00 is sent before starting calculations Example J lt LF gt Indicating card detect pin is high and 100 lt LF gt USB 1 is in high speed mode 11 lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt This table shows the bit mapping Bit Number Status 0 Reads Card Detect pin status CD 0 Memory card not detected 1 Memory card detected 1 Reads SD Write Protection pin status WP 0 SD Card not protect 1 SD Card protect 2 0 USBO is not mounted or it was disconnected after it s being mounted 1 USBO is mounted 3 0 USB1 is not mounted or it was disconnected after it s being mounted 1 USB1 is mounted USB1 is in Full Speed mode USB1 is in High Spee
24. P gt 0 lt LF gt Flush File handle 0 100 lt LF gt C Close File This command issues a flush file F Command internally and then release the file handle Format C lt sP gt n lt LF gt Close File handle n 100 lt LF gt n can be 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E or F Example C lt sP gt 0 lt LF gt Close File handle 0 100 lt LF gt P File Seek This command changes the current byte position in a file Valid values are ranging from 0 to file size Format P lt sp gt n gt ssssssss lt iF gt n File Handle O through F 100 lt LF gt ssssssss 4 bytes new position Example P lt sp gt 1 gt 10 lt LF gt Set file pointer at index 0x10 16 in decimal 100 lt LF gt Rev 1 13 Page 31 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set Y File Tell Gets the current byte index in a file Valid values are 0 to file size Format Y lt sP gt Nn lt LF gt n File Handle O through F 100 lt LF gt ssssssss 4 bytes in HEX position in the file SSSSSSSS lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt Example Y lt sp gt 1 lt LF gt The file with handle 1 has the file pointer at 100 lt LF gt index 0x03 00000003 lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt D Delete File or Folder Deletes a file or a folder Appending the name with the symbol indicated this is a folder Format D lt sPr gt FULL PATH lt LF gt Full path The full path where the FILE is 100 lt LF gt located if is added at the end of the full path
25. QUU EAT SoC Processor Rev 1 13 Date October 18 2012 User Manual A high performance FAT file system SoC processor with dual USB Host interfaces and 4 bit SD interface Controlled through UART SPI or I2C FAT16 32 USB SD With LFN Host Document Information Description Abstract ALFAT SoC processor concept pin out specifications commands hardware integration guide and full information needed to implement a solution using this processor Firmware V1 08 GHI Electronics 2012 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Document Revision History Rev 1 13 10 03 12 Fixed a mistake in SPI Interface Read Transaction description Rev 1 12 09 25 12 Fixed I2C Interface section Rev 1 11 08 13 12 Updated ALFAT design reference schematics C16 C17 Fixed SPI interface Response byte to Frame Type The value should be ignored Added RTC crystal specifications to Hardware integration guide section Rev 1 10 07 10 12 Added important notes to Full Speed High Speed with ULPI PHY section Added an important note to I Initialize command concerning USB1 Initialization Added new features to J command Rev 1 09 06 21 12 Some SD cards do not work with high clock frequency SD bus I Initialize command is modified to set different clock frequencies ALFAT command s terminator can be LF n or CR r Fixed Find File or Folder command date format Clarified 12C addressing Rev 1 08 06 05 12 C
26. a layer that resides between the actual SPI data bus and the communication stream commands responses data It is important to know that SPI frame transaction layer is independent from how ALFAT commands work Communication Stream M TEST TMP lt LF gt Frame Transaction Write Frame MATES Write Frame TITMP rr 01 08 00 Q M YTE s 01 06 00 T Y T M P 0x0A SPI Bus Write Transaction Request Frame The frame consists of two parts a header and payload The header consists of three bytes The first byte is the frame type the second and the third bytes are 16 bit transaction length Not including the header Payload This is actual transaction payload needed to be sent to ALFAT The payload section size MUST match the declared in the transaction size field Rev 1 13 Page 14 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT access interface Frame 16 bit Transaction Payload Type Size N 0x01 Size LSB Size MSB Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte N Response Frame Ignore RFB RFB RFB RFB ge RFB RFB is Ready Flag Byte When a write transaction request is being sent ALFAT returns zero with the first received byte Frame Type and then it returns a ready flag with the received second byte Size LSB If the ready flag is 0x00 this means that ALFAT is no
27. ace MOdEe untere tete Pip began 17 7 3 Card Detect and Write Protect signals 42 I2 C Bus Config atiogDl scii eese o honore pin ehe nr d suu 17 7 4 Full Speed High Speed with ULPI PHY 42 5 ALFAT Command Set iiri ree ete meinte tee 18 7 5 Real Tite Clock ciet ded annie 43 V Get Version NUMDOP csie rione ttn anas 20 7 O Bootloader ACCESS uinci bid eite tid 44 Fe e Emabls ECMO ius to ut Es SERES 20 f lecca charectells GS idt eio io bo iR 44 Z Set Low Power Mode eene 20 8 ALFAT Off the shelf Circuit Boards 45 T Initialize Real Time Clock ee 21 B TLADEAT OEM BOFA sacri 45 S Set Current Time and Date 5 Rs 22 ALFAT OEM PlirioUt reticere scien 45 G Get Current Time and Date 22 8 2 ABEAT SD BOIU iaceo eorpore t epe anA 46 B Set UART Baud Rate uie e trnbets 22 ALFAT SD PIESOUL ai buisse SPA PS Ere tinish iiaa Mai iis 46 Initialize and Mount MMC SD or USB 22 S Conditions of Use and Performarce iioi 48 J Read Status Register e rtt root 24 9 1 Selecting the Right Storage Media 48 K Gat Free SIZB cucina RN EE 25 92 Fille ACCESS SPSS ic iiie a aT 48 Initialize Files and Folders List 25 9 3 Serial Interface Speed Overhead 49 N Get Next Directory Entry uei ierunt 20 TO Er COUE
28. cs com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Hardware integration guide 7T Hardware integration guide The schematic provided on ALFAT web page in an excellent reference design This section provides further details 7 1 Power Source Power source is a main cause of many problems ALFAT SoC is capable of running at lower voltage or somewhat noisy voltage source The media may or may not work on an T unstable power source Make sure that the power source to the 717 storage media is reliable and there is a large enough capacitor as close as possible to the media power pins We recommend adding 0 1uF and 22uF capacitors 7 2 Crystals ALFAT s main clock is provided through a 12Mhz Crystal with 500PPM or less and a load capacitance around 18pF Real Time Clock crystal s value should be 32 768Khz and the load capacitance is 12 5pF il Ta Rev 1 13 Page 41 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Hardware integration guide 7 3 Card Detect and Write Protect signals With SD interface ALFAT checks card detect input pin 25 CD SD Connector before initializing the card If CD is Low then ALFAT will accept to initialize the card otherwise ALFAT will reject the initialize command If card detect signal is not implemented in the hardware design then CD pin MUST be connected to GND The same for write protect ALFAT checks write protection input pin 24 WP before performing an
29. cteristics if needed Rev 1 13 Page 44 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Off the shelf Circuit Boards 8 ALFAT Off the shelf Circuit Boards GHI Electronics offers off the shelf OEM boards that uses ALFAT SoC processor These boards expose all needed signals to interface with ALFAT over UART SPI or I2C and provide convenient connectors like SD or USB connectors The boards are easily mountable on existing or new product 8 1 ALFAT OEM Board ALFAT OEM Board is an OEM board that exposes all of ALFAT SoC processor features This board offers a seamless way to access files on SDHC SD and MMC cards plus on USB MSC devices such as thumb drives The board includes pads for RTC 32 768Khz crystal The crystal is not included ALFAT OEM includes 1 SD MMC Connector with push spring 2 Dual USB connector Type A with Full Speed USB 2 0 port o High speed USB2 0 port All required signals are exposed through a 1x18 pin mount Also if the desired interface is UART all signals required are exposed through a secondary 2x5 pin mount ALFAT OEM Pinout 1x18 pin mount Pin Name Pin Name 1 UART TX 10 ACTIVE 2 UART RX SPI BUSY 11 Reserved Il2C BUSY 3 2C SCL 12 VBAT 4 Il2C SDA 13 Internal 3 3V Do not connect 5 SPI SCK 14 RESET not 5V tolerant 6 ISPI MISO UART BUSY 15 GND Rev 1 13 Page 45 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Ele
30. ctronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Off the shelf Circuit Boards Pin Name Pin Name 7 SPI MOSI 16 Not connected 8 ISPI SSEL 17 Not connected 9 WAKE 18 5 Volts 2x5 pin mount Pin Name Pin Name 1 Internal 3 3V Do not 2 5V connect 3 UART TX 4 SPI MOSI 5 UART RX SPI BUSY I2C 6 SPI MISO UART BUSY BUSY 7 Reserved 8 VBAT 9 GND 10 RESET not 5V tolerant 8 2 ALFAT SD Board ALFAT SD board is an OEM board uses ALFAT SoC processor This board offers a seamless way to access files on SD SDHC and MMC cards with ALFAT SoC processor The board include a standard SD MMC connecter that includes a push spring The board includes pads for RTC 32 768Khz crystal but the crystal is not included All required signals are exposed through a 1x16 pin mount Also if the desired interface is UART all signals required are exposed through a secondary 2x5 pin mount ALFAT SD Pin out 1x16 pin mount Pin Name Pin Name 1 UART TX 9 WAKEUP 2 UART RX SPI BUSY I2C 10 ACTIVE Rev 1 13 Page 46 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Off the shelf Circuit Boards Pin Name Pin Name _BUSY 3 2C SCL 11 Reserved 4 2C SDA 12 VBAT 5 SPI SCK 13 3 3V 6 SPI MISO UART BUSY 14 RESET not 5V tolerant 7 SPI MOSI 15 GND 8 SPI
31. d mode USBO is not attached USBO is attached USB1 is not attached USB1 is attached 7 Reserved C1 00 0 Rev 1 13 Page 24 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics K Get Free Size Gets media total remaining free size Note this command may take several seconds for calculations to finish depending on the media size ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set Format K lt sP gt x lt LF gt X Drive name included 100 lt LF gt M Memory Card drive SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS lt LF gt UO USB Flash drive 0 00 lt LF gt U1 USB Flash drive 1 ssssssssssssssss 8 bytes in HEX free size in drive First 00 is sent before starting calculations Example K lt sp gt u1 lt LF gt Size Available on USB Flash drive 0 00 lt LF gt is 1904148480 bytes 00000000717F0000 r 100 lt LF gt Initialize Files and Folders List To list files folders at a certain path first use this command to initialize the list counter then call N command to get a directory entry Every time N command is called ALFAT retrieves an entry of the list No other commands should be called between the N commands otherwise the user should start over and call command Format lt spP gt full path lt LF gt Full path the full path needed to initialize 100 lt LF gt included drive name Example lt se gt M TEST TMP lt tr gt Initialize folder M TEST TMP 100 Rev 1
32. ed data through L command is sent out to ALFAT Note the user can not terminate sending the data so if the requested data to be written size is 3MBytes then the user MUST send all the 3MBytes 6 ALFAT after the user sends all the data ALFAT acknowledges the user with the written data size in a SPI Read Transaction 7 User checks SPI BUSY If not busy then reads the acknowledgment mentioned in step 6 Important note Data sent through SPI DMA channel should NOT be sent through an SPI Write Transaction Check SPI DMA receive channel for more details Also ALFAT access reference code library provides an example how to use L command and access SPI DMA Rev 1 13 Page 30 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics F Flush File Data This command flushes commits the data of an opened file The file will still be opened and associated with a handle after calling the command This command is useful to ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set make sure all data are physically saved in the media To make sure that the data is written to a file the file must be flushed F command or closed C command when done or there will be a risk of losing data or corrupting the file system if the storage media was removed or if there was a power loss Format F lt sp gt n lt tF gt Flush File handle n 100 lt LF gt n can be 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E or F Example F lt s
33. ersion number of ALFAT SoC firmware Note that this version is not the same or related to the version number of the boot loader Format V lt LF gt Returns version number VX X X lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt Example V lt LF gt The version number is 1 0 0 v1 0 0 lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt Enable Echo Enabling echo makes ALFAT echos back the data it receives over UART Format lt sP gt Nn lt LF gt n 0 Disable echo 100 lt LF gt n 1 Enable echo Example lt sp gt 1 lt LF gt Enable echo 100 lt LF gt Echo is disabled by default Z Set Low Power Mode ALFAT supports two low power modes Standby Mode This mode will completely turn off the processor Rev 1 13 Page 20 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set o Exiting Standby mode ALFAT exits Standby Mode by resetting the processor Reset pin or by a rising edge on WAKEUP pin After waking up from standby mode the system is in reset It is important for users to make sure that all the files are closed before setting this mode o Typical Power Consumption 3 3pA Ta 25 C o Maximum Power Consumption 12 4pA Ta 25 C 20 5pA TA 85 C Stop mode With this mode the system will maintain its state but will stop execution o Exiting Stop Mode ALFAT exits Stop Mode by a rising edge on WAKEUP pin After waking up from Stop Mode program execution resumes from where it stopped
34. ge to their appropriate SPI functions otherwise it is safe to leave the pins in the same state used on power up SPI SSEL SPI MOSI Interface low low UART low high Boot loader high low I2C high high SPI 4 2 UART Interface UART interface uses three hardware signals UART_TX signal to send data out from ALFAT UART RX signal to receive data to ALFAT UART_BUSY signal This should be monitored while sending data to ALFAT When it is high no more data should be transmitted to ALFAT till it gets low Note ALFAT access reference code library available with ALFAT s downloads provides an example how to use UART interface Rev 1 13 Page 13 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT access interface UART configurations The default baud rate is 115200 The maximum tested baud rate is 3M To change the baud rate use B command Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bit 1 4 3 SPI Interface Mode SPI interface uses four hardware signals SPI SSEL ALFAT Chip Select SPI MOSI ALFAT Data in SPI MISO ALFAT Data out SPI BUSY This should be monitored while sending data to ALFAT When it is high no more data should be exchanged with ALFAT till it gets low Note ALFAT access reference code library available with ALFAT s downloads provides an example how to use SPI interface Sending and receiving data to and from ALFAT over SPI is performed through frame transactions which is
35. k of time ALFAT uses the internal real time clock ALFAT provides two options to the user to drive the RTC The first option is the shared mode where the RTC runs off the same processor s clock and power With this option the user does not need any external components and VBAT should be connected to VCC But with this option the hosting system must set the correct time and date with every power recycle The second option is the Backup Mode where The RTC clocks using the external 32 768Khz crystal and runs off VBAT power through 1 65 to 3 6 V backup coin battery This ensures that the RTC keeps clocking even if the system is powered off RTC consumes about 1uA The system should always keep power available on VBAT pins Rev 1 13 Page 43 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Hardware integration guide To ensure that VBAT get powered from the backup battery only when the main power is off it is Q recommended to use two diodes as indicated in the gt VBAT schematic below UCE gi 02 7 6 Bootloader Access While firmware is stable and no changes are released often there are cases where an update is necessary We highly recommend making this update feature available on final designs The design should provide access to UART RX and TX pins loader pin and reset pin 7 7 Electrical characteristics ALFAT SoC is based on STM32F205RBT6 Consult with STM32F205RBT6 datasheet for electrical chara
36. larified card detect and write protection signals in the pin out and Initialize command sections Added Card Detect and Write Protect signals section Rev 1 07 06 01 12 Minor spelling errors Rev 1 06 05 29 12 Edited SPI Bus configuration section Added L command Fast Write SPI DMA receive channel Added new features to Z command Added new features to J command Added CD and WP pin description to pin out table Fixed WAKEUP pin description Rev 1 05 05 11 12 Added integration guide and updated performance section Rev 1 04 04 16 12 Major changes to ALFAT access interface section UART SPI and 12C to match firmware version1 03 Busy pin is required to be monitored Fixing B and K command description Rev 1 03 03 19 12 Fixes to multiple typos Clarifying some ambiguous points Rev 1 02 03 15 12 Adding 6 4 Updating the firmware using a terminal console Fixes to 8 2 ALFAT SD board pin mount tables Rev 1 13 Page 2 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Document Revision History Modification Rev no Date Rev 1 01 03 08 12 Updates to 4 3 SPI interface mode section Updates to 6 2 Firmware Updater App Rev 1 00 02 15 12 Preliminary document Rev 1 13 Page 3 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Table of Contents Table of Contents UBIgursreiieiror m M M 5 ER xcW e 29 1 1 ALFAT SoG processor Concept ic inis ccisceniesiasscncce
37. lt LF gt Rev 1 13 Page 28 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set W Write to File This command is called to write data through a file handle assigned to an open file with write or append mode 1 Send W command with file handle and the data size 2 Wait till you get the acknowledge 3 Send the data The sent data is written directly to the file as is no interpretation or conversion Also the user should make sure that the sent data size matches the size declared in the command If an error occurs while writing ALFAT still expects all the data then it sends back the error code There is no line feed sent after the data If writing Hello to a file just send the 5 bytes and then ALFAT will respond with how many bytes were written In this case it should be 00000005 To make sure that the data is written to a file the file must be flushed F command or closed C command when done or there will be a risk of losing data or corrupting the file system if the storage media was removed or if there was a power loss Format WV lt sp gt n gt SSSSSSSS lt LF gt n File Handle 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B 100 lt LF gt C D E or F User sends data ssssssss 4 bytes Max in HEX data size ssssssss bytes to be written aaaaaaaa r aaaaaaaa 4 bytes always in HEX actual 100 lt LF gt written size Example W lt sp gt 1 gt 10 lt F gt Write 16 bytes to the file associated
38. n section power source is a big source of problems as well ALFAT is capable of running at lower voltage or somewhat noisy voltage source On the other hand the media may or may not work with bad voltages Make sure the voltage source to the media is reliable and there is large enough capacitor as close as possible to the media connector We recommend adding 0 1uF and 22uF 9 2 File Access Speed There are many factors that affects the file access speed Some storage media devices have internal buffering others have high speed rating But even on the exact same media speeds might differ between different tests Here are some factors that affect the speed on the same media fragmentation media life and voltage Fragmented storage runs slower because the system needs to spend more time or even read more sectors from the FAT table to find the needed cluster Formatting the media should take care of this fragmentation Also storage access speed decreases when the storage get closer to the end of life The time needed to erase sectors increases while the device is maturing Some sectors may even start failing at some point which causes more delays Finally while some devices can run on a range of voltages the lower the voltage the slower the device usually runs Noisy power source may cause errors while accessing the media that slows the speed down Rev 1 13 Page 48 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Co
39. nditions of Use and Performance 9 3 Serial Interface Speed Overhead The actual speed of a specific media can be easily determined using the E command which range from 1000KBytes sec to 4000KBytes sec This is the internal speed with complete FAT file system overhead Such speeds are achieved when using the copy command But when using other commands like read or write commands the serial connection with the hosting system adds a major delay overhead When one of the serial interfaces is used to exchange the data with a hosting system some command response overhead is introduced There is also a maximum clock and other restrictions on the interfaces On an average file access speed is about 230KBytes sec when using UART or SPI and about 25KBytes sec when using I2C That is about the same when using SD USB FS or USB HS To achieve higher writing speed ALFAT command set includes L Command Fast Write to File command Available for SPI interface only this command is very similar to the W Command but with L Command it uses internal DMA to reach faster receiving rates The average speed with this command is 1400KBytes sec with SD cards 1200KBytes sec with USB HS and 750KBytes sec with USB FS Rev 1 13 Page 49 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Error Codes 10 Error Codes Error HEX 0x00 Description Command successful 0x01 Unknown command 0x02 Incorrect parameter
40. ocessor Boot Loader and firmware update F en New Connection r Step 1 r Step 2 Select Bootloader mode Connect TTL UART interface Connect SPI MOSI to 3 3V Connect cable s TXD to ALFAT s UART_RX ALFAT CPU Pin 43 M eames ALFAT SD board 4 socket X4 Pin 5 bici 4 ALFAT OEM board socket X4 Pin 5 inest ee m Connect cable s RXD to ALFAT s UART TX ALFAT CPU Pin 50 ALFAT CPU Pin 42 ALFAT SD board socket X3 Pin 8 ALFAT SD board 4 socket X4 Pin 3 ALFAT OEM board socket X4 Pin 3 ALFAT OEM board socket JP2 Pin 8 itis led to use this USB to serial cable from FTDI TTL 232R 3V3 r Step 3 Power up the board Select the COM Porti associated with the serial cable Click on the connect button r Connection Select COM Port on ALFAT Firmware Updater DB 4 ALFAT About Step 2 Select the firmware file G Data Code ALFAT Project Source Code AFLAT_Finmware back Browser Step 3 Check version number Rev 1 13 Page 37 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Boot Loader and firmware update 6 3 Boot Loader Commands Command Description R Run ALFAT firmware E Erase ALFAT firmware X Update ALFAT firmware the firmware file is transferred using XMODEM 1K V Returns the loader version and current ALFAT firmware version Note The boot loader is entirely separa
41. olerant 56 NC Should not be connected pene EO a ad 58 I2C_SCL SCL I2C Interface 59 I2C_SDA SDA I2C Interface 60 BOOTO Salles T ME It is safe to have pull up or down 61 NC Should not be connected 62 NC Should not be connected 63 VSS2 Ground 64 VDD4 Power 3 3V Note All pins have internal weak pull ups leaving them unconnected is safe Rev 1 13 Page 12 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT access interface 4 ALFAT access interface ALFAT is controlled through UART SPI or I2C serial interfaces 2 pins are sampled on power up to determine the interface The pins are SPI SSEL and SPI MOSI 4 1 Selecting the access interface On power up the system should hold ALFAT in reset state until the power is stable This is done by holding reset pin low Then pins SPI SSEL and SPI MOSI must be set to the desired serial interface UART SPI I2C or even to force the boot loader The boot loader is needed for firmware updates Those pins have internal pull down resistor so an unconnected pin is considered low After pins are set the reset pin must be set to high state to allow ALFAT to boot up Note that the reset pin is NOT 5V tolerant ALFAT needs about 30 milliseconds to sample these pins from the time reset pin goes high then it needs a bit more to initialize the system We recommend a 50 milliseconds delay before sending any commands to ALFAT If the selected interface is SPI these pins can be chan
42. ollow the instructions Auto switch T lt gt TEK Kanji in SB Kanji out I B CodePage 65001 Boot Loader 1 8 Firmware ux x x FF Boot Loader 1 8 Firmware vux x x FF Erasing atin File Edit Setup Control Window g CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCE Help Erasing and updating the firmware Confirm V N5 for file transfer through XMODEM 1K Choose to send a file using XMODEM with 1K option then choose ALFAT GHI The firmware file is downloaded from ALFAT page on GHI s website Rev 1 13 Page 39 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Boot Loader and firmware update ansfel Tera Te XMODEM Send ans teal E Tera Term XMODEM S ALFAT GHI File name ALFAT GHI Files of type Al After the file being transferred You will get a message like this Firmware has been updated successfully Version 1 0 2 After that you can release the boot loader mode and reset the chip or run R command to run the firmware File Edit Setup Control Window Help rasing and updating the firmware Confirm V N5 rasing ating for file transfer through XMODEM 1K CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCI File transfer completed successfully erifying F arauare has been updated successfully Version 1 0 2 GHI Electronics LLC ALFAT SoC Processor t00 Rev 1 13 Page 40 of 51 www ghielectroni
43. om File Data transmitted from ALFAT I2C bus 0x00 OxFF followed by 0x00 OxFF OxFF followed by another OxFF 0x01 OXFE Data is sent as is Important With NDT HDT being used the actual data size on a files maybe different than what is received from ALFAT For example If a file has one byte and this byte value is zero ALFAT will actually send 2 bytes a OxFF followed by 0x00 This is all in the I2C interface driver layer not in actual communication stream commands data to ALFAT I2C Bus Configuration ALFAT 12C slave address is OxA4 This is a fixed address and can t be changed Bit zero is the RW bit O Write 1 Read The maximum allowed I2C clock is 400Khz The hosting system must provide pull up resistors usually they are 2 2K on the bus as specified in the I2C specifications This code demonstrates the receive function UINT8 I2C GetDataFromALFAT t UINT8 b do wait for data 0x00 no data Rev 1 13 Page 17 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT access interface I2C SendAddress OxA4 READ BIT send address with RW set to R b I2C Read while b 0 if b 0xFF b I2C Read if b 0x00 amp amp b Oxff Panic This should never happen b now equals the actual value 0x00 or OxFF return b Rev 1 13 Page 18 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set
44. rd drive UO USB Flash drive 0 Full Speed U1 USB Flash drive 1 Full Speed U1 H USB Flash drive 1 High Speed Requires an external HS PHY Example l lt sP gt M lt LF gt Initialize memory card with the default 100 lt LF gt clock frequency I lt sp gt U0 lt LF gt Initialize USB O at Full Speed mode 100 lt LF gt l lt sP gt U1 lt LF gt Initialize USB 1 at Full Speed modet 100 lt LF gt l lt sP gt U1 H lt LF gt Initialize USB 1 at High Speed modet 100 lt LF gt t Important note If ULPI PHY is implemented in the design like in ALFAT OEM board then the USB mass storage device connected to USB1 MUST be initialized in High Speed mode even if the USB device does not support High Speed mode Initializing it in Full Speed might cause an undesirable performance Initializing memory card with different clock frequency The default SD bus clock frequency is 12MHz This frequency works on the majority of the memory cards Some cards can work with higher frequency up to 24MHz This will enhance the memory access speed a little bit The initialize command gives the user the option to choose other than the default clock frequency Format l sP M 2d ar d SD bus clock frequency mode i0O F 0 24MHz 1 16MHz 2 12 MHZ the default value 3 9 6MHZ 4 8 MHz Example lt sP gt M gt 0 lt LF gt Initialize memory card with 24MHz 100 lt LF gt clock frequency Important note 1
45. s 0x03 Operation failed This error code is returned also if the user attempted to write to write protected card 0x04 Reached the end of the file folder list This is not an error 0x10 Media does not initialize 0x11 Initialize media failed This error code is returned also if the card detect signal is high or floating check Card Detect and Write Protect signals section for more details 0x20 File folder doesn t exist 0x21 Failed to open the file 0x22 Seek only runs on files open for read 0x23 Seek value can only be within the file size 0x24 File name can t be zero 0x25 File name has forbidden character 0x26 File folder name already exists 0x30 Invalid handle 0x31 Handle source does not open 0x32 Handle destination does not open 0x33 Handle source requires file open for read mode 0x34 Handle destination requires file open for write or append mode 0x35 No more handle available 0x36 Handle does not open 0x37 Handle is already in use 0x38 Open file mode invalid 0x39 Handle requires write or append mode Ox3A Handle requires read mode 0x40 The system is busy 0x41 Command is supported with SPI interface only OxFF Boot Loader indication code Rev 1 13 Page 50 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor
46. string it means we are deleting a FOLDER not file Example D lt sp gt M TMP TEST TXT lt Remove the FILE with name TEST TXT in uii TMP folder on SD memory card This will 00 lt LF gt not delete the TMP folder D lt sP gt M TMP lt LF gt Remove the FOLDER with name TMP in 100 lt LF gt root folder of memory card The folder must be empty Rev 1 13 Page 32 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics Find File or Folder This command searches for a specific file or folder name at the specified path If the directory exists ALFAT outputs the file size attributes and date amp time of modification otherwise it returns an error indicating that the file is not found ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set Format sP FULL PATH ar ssssssss 4 bytes in HEX file 100 lt LF gt size SSSSSSSS lt LF gt AA 1 byte in HEX file AA F Attributes hh mm ss se mm dd yyyy rF hh mm ss is last time the file 100 lt LF gt or folder was modified mm dd yyyy is last date the file or folder was modified Example lt sp gt M TEST TXT lt tr gt File has been found and its 100 lt LF gt size is 3892 bytes with no 00000F34 lt LF gt special attributes 20 r 20 indicate this is a file 12 00 00 lt sp gt 01 24 2011 lt LF gt Last modification time is 100 lt LF gt 12 00 00 date is 1 24 2011 File Attributes are one byte Standard Attribute Structure in FAT system
47. t ready to receive any data over SPI The current transaction gets terminated and the user must not send more bytes for this frame If the ready flag is 0x01 this means that ALFAT is ready to receive and the user can proceed and send Size MSB and the payload bytes Read Transaction Processing read transaction is preformed by sending read request frames and receiving response frames that carry the useful payload Request Frame The frame consists of two parts a header and stuffing bytes The header consists of three bytes The first byte is the frame type the second and the third bytes are the requested 16 bit transaction length Stuffing bytes the bytes should always be 0x00 This section size should equal P where P is the actual payload size that ALFAT will send back Frame Requested Stuffing Bytea the size is P Type Transaction 16 bit Size N 0x02 N LSB N MSB 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Response Frame The frame consists of two parts a header and payload The header consists of three bytes The first byte is ignored the second and the third bytes are 16 bit value ACT that indicates the actual data size available in the send buffer of ALFAT ACT value could be more or less that N the requested transaction size Payload This is the actual transaction payload that is being send out from ALFAT to the host This section size is P Rev 1 13 Page 15 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI
48. te program that loads ALFAT SoC firmware The version number of the boot loader may not match the ALFAT firmware version number The boot loader can t be updated 6 4 Updating the firmware using a terminal console It is recommended to use the provided firmware updater application But here is an example how to use a terminal console like TeraTerm to update the firmware instead Put ALFAT in the bootloader mode as explained in 4 1 Selecting the access interface Open the relative COM port and set the baud rate to 115200 and set the New line receive to LF ur Tera Term disconnected V File Edit Setup D TCP IP Host 192 168 1 3 History Service Telnet TCP port 22 SSH SSH version SSH2 Other Protocol UNSPEC Serial Port OK Cancel Help Rev 1 13 Page 38 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics Tera Term Serial port setu Port Baud rate Data Parity Stop Flow control Transmit delay 0 msec char Tera Term Terminal setup Terminal size 90 x 35 V Term size win size Auto window resize Terminal ID T100 ALFAT SoC Processor Boot Loader and firmware update Cancel Help msec line Newline Receive LF Transmit CR Cancel Local echo Answerback 1 Kanji receive 7bit katakana Kanji transmit UTF 8 7bit katakana locale american Use X command and f
49. ve state is High Data is sent MSB first SPI SSEL active state is Low SPI SSEL can be toggled with with every byte or with every chunk of bytes A minimum of 4uS delay is required between each byte This requirement is not needed with Fast Write to File command L Command that uses SPI DMA receive channel Rev 1 13 Page 16 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT access interface 4 4 12C Interface Mode I2C interface uses three hardware signals I2C_SCL I2C clock signal I2C_SDA I2C data signal I2C BUSY This should be monitored while sending data to ALFAT When it is high no data should be exchanged with ALFAT Transmitting and receiving data to and from ALFAT is preformed through standard I2C transactions For transmitting ALFAT I2C address with R W bit set to zero and then the payload The payload then is processed internally exactly the same as UART Receiving data from ALFAT is similar The user starts by transmitting ALFAT I2C address with R W bit set to 1 followed by reading of one or more payload bytes from the internal buffer When reading from ALFAT and no data is available Ox00 No Data Token is returned Should ALFAT be reading a file and the file contains 0x00 then ALFAT will return OxFF Half Data Token followed by Ox00 Also if the file contains OxFF then ALFAT will return OxFF flowed by another OxFF The following table shows the states Actual Data coming fr
50. with 100 lt LF gt handle 1 1234567890abcdef 00000010 lt LF gt 100 lt LF gt L Fast Write to File SPI mode only This command is called to write data through a file handle assigned to an open file with write or append mode IT the utilization of this command is similar to Command s but it works only through SPI interface and it uses the help of an internal DMA to gain much higher data SPI receive rate Average 1 4 MByte per second than with the regular W command For more details about data throughput check Serial Interface Speed Overhead Rev 1 13 Page 29 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor ALFAT Command Set Format SPI Write Frame n File Handle 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 L sP n ssssssss LF 9 A B C D E or F PI Read F NES D ssssssss 4 bytes Max in HEX data size to be written aaaaaaaa 4 bytes always in HEX ssssssss bytes actual written size through SPI DMA channel User sends data aaaaaaaa r SPI Read Frame 100 lt LF gt 1 User requests sending data using L command like any regular command send over SPI through a SPI Write Transaction 2 ALFAT accepts the request and sends the acknowledgment to the user over SPI through a SPI Read Transaction 3 ALFAT Opens SPI DMA channel 4 User checks SPI BUSY If it is not busy then sends 8192 Bytes or less 5 User repeats step 4 until all the request
51. y command that involves writing to the memory card if write protection signal is not implemented in the hardware design then WP pin MUST be connected to GND 7 4 Full Speed High Speed with ULPI PHY To access the USB Full Speed bus 12Mbps two 22ohm resistors are needed to be connected in serial with the data DP and data DM signals of each of ALFAT s USB Host If higher file access speed is desired a ULPI PHY for example FUSB2805 can be added on USB1 port which will change the USB interface to High Speed bus 480Mbps Rev 1 13 Page 42 of 51 www ghielectronics com GHI Electronics ALFAT SoC Processor Hardware integration guide This PHY requires 19 2Mhz clock source To save the cost of an additional crystal ALFAT generates a 19 2Mhz clock at pin 21 that can be used with the PHY Important note 1 If ULPI PHY is implemented in the design the two 22ohm resisters are still needed to be connected in serial with the data DP and data DM signals Important note 2 f ULPI PHY is implemented in the design like in ALFAT OEM board then the USB mass storage device connected to USB1 MUST be initialized in High Speed mode even if the USB device does not support High Speed mode Initializing it in Full Speed might cause an undesirable performance 7 5 Real Time Clock ALFAT tags the modified or created file with the current time and date To keep trac
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