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1. A secondary thread that is associated with the SurfaceView can be designed in the Canvas smoothly First of all we can create a class that inherits the SurfaceView The class must implement to make the SurfaceHolder Callback This subclass is an interface that give us the underlying Surface when it is created modified or destroyed These facts are important 24 because we have to know the exact time of beginning the design whether to make adjustments to meet new surface properties and when it is safe to stop designing and possibly kill other processes Within the class SurfaceView it would be ideal to identify a secondary class Thread which will perform all procedures in Design Canvas Rather than manipulate the object directly Surface should be handle through a SurfaceHolder Thus when initializing the SurfaceView ask the requesting SurfaceHolder getHolder Then we need to know the SurfaceHolder that we want to receive the callbacks in SurfaceHolder from SurfaceHolder Callback reguesting addCallback with this parameter After that we overload each method SurfaceHolder Callback from heading SurfaceView to design the Surface Canvas from the second thread and we must pass along the thread SurfaceHandler and regain the Canvas with lockCanvas 2 13 Graphics 2D The Android operating system offers a custom 2D graphics library for the design and animated shapes and images Inside the packages android graphics drawable and an
2. This feature is one of the most important reasons that make popular every application in a short period of time In Android Market every user can easily search and find applications that are useful or he just wants to have them in his device In essence the user can find an application by describing succinctly a few words about the application or by typing exactly the name of the application Then the device downloads and setups the application automatically Another way is to use the menu that separates applications based on their content One of the main characteristics of the Android operating system is that the platform is open source Each hardware manufacturer and each provider may amend the code of Android to be compatible with their own features The source code of the Android is available on the Internet and can be accessed by anyone This feature gives equal opportunities to all developers This means that the applications that go with the Android platform do not outweigh in anything compared to those which are realized by a developer who has access to the components of the device Furthermore the Android platform overmatches because it has the possibility of multi tasking and that means that multiple applications run simultaneously while it is not required to close any application if the user chooses to exit because the application continues to run in the background The Android applications can run on different devices with differ
3. touch buttons in a View So if we want the View to be informed when it is clicked ie when a button is selected we must realize the OnClickListener and set the onClick callback method which will execute the energy for a click and register it in through the View setOnClickListener 2 We can override an existing callback method for the View For example we can confront events by touching the screen onTouchEvent when the trackball moves onTrackballEvent or when a button is pressed in the device onKeyDown This allows us to define the default behavior for each event in our View and to identify when an event should be transferred to another child View These are callbacks inside a Class View so the only chance to define them is when we are creating a custom component 2 6 Menu The application menu is another important part of the User Interface application Menus offer a reliable interface that brings out the functions and application settings The most common application menu appears when you press the MENU button on the device However we can add Context Menus which appear when the user selects and holds an item The menu is also constructed through an hierarchy of View On the other hand we define the callback method onCreateOptionsMenu or callback method onCreateContextMenu for our Activity and declare objects that we want to include in our menu In the first case the Android will automatically generate
4. 15 The dl RO Ed AE OO EE EE N EE HOE 16 Multimedia Developing ooo did Ee Ee ese ge Ge dee 17 User interface UP ies ee Ee a ER ee Ee Ee ge Ee 17 As oe ers ES ee ON eg AE 17 EE RI KEER N AE EK RE ER EED 18 WidBelS is EE EI 19 UIEVERIS ee os cases ed se son Ve EO E lit tds 19 RE RE ER EE EN ER EE N EERS 20 Statetmentlayout rs se Ge ES ee Se GE RE DE es dd 21 Graphic e 22 Analysis OPUS rs A A e een 22 Design Canvas ita a it to 23 O even Bieta eed 24 Surface VIEW EE ER ee De ee DE ie EE Ee be ED ee EE EG eh se athe 24 Graphics 2D EE EE EE Redeem lie nein de ieee De gede De ee ee 25 Diawables ss EER cide ES 25 Creation of ICONS TOSCA 26 Sample el EE EE AE EE EE EE EE ER 26 Creation of XML Resource cuina EES DE ER SG EERS ceva id dae De EE GE RED Ee dete BEDE EE RE See 27 Shape drawable is ss SEER EE GE GR tous Ee A ek GER SERE EDE RE EG de 28 Frame animatiOn sees Re Ee DE ES A ida 30 ID with Open Gl sers SEER EE EE EE EG ER GE EG ER GE EE EE DE ee Eg SE SR DE es 32 Audio and Videos EDE GE ESE SE ta cin 32 Play audio and VideO ig EE RED EE a WEE Eg 33 Play from Raw TesOurce ii ESE EES Ee SE voce aa 33 Play from file rs TM lei 33 Playing JET content acid aleta se 34 Android application development iese se se eek GR Re ER eek GR ee Re ER ee GR ee eke ee ee ee 35 TheAndroid SDK as De Ee er Ee be EE oe ee ee Ee ee se Ee 35 Installation of the Android SDK ee kk ek GR Re Re EA Ge ER ee ee ee Re ee ek eek ee 35 INNER 38 TEI PI
5. aapt will find it and transform it into a resource which can refer to Class R Second step Create an instance of MediaPlayer and make reference to the above resource using MediaPlayer create then call the start from the snapshot MediaPlayer mp MediaPlayer create R raw sound file 1 context mp start To stop playback call the stop If you want to later play back the media then you need to reset and prepare the object MediaPlayer before calling back the start The create calls the prepare the first time To pause playback call the pause Continue playback from where it stopped with the start 2 21 3 Play from File or Stream An application can play back files from the filesystem or a web URL 33 1 Create a new instance of the MediaPlayer using new 2 Call setDataSource with a String containing the path to the file system or URL of the file you want to play 3 Initially then prepare and then start in the snapshot MediaPlayer mp new MediaPlayer PATH_TO_FILE 0 mp setDataSource mp prepare mp start The stop and pause you can use the functions as above The mp may be null and this is good practice to check if it is null immediately after the new Also exceptions IllegalArgumentException and IOException must either catch or become ignored by the setDataSource it might also file the petition or absent If you pass a URL to a file on
6. audio video and images to your applications Access to the media capabilities of the platform is quite simple the use is done with the same intents and activities used for the remainder of Android The Android lets you play audio and video of several different types Reproduced sound or video is saved in the application recources raw resources regardless of files in file system or data stream data stream which goes through the network To include these features in your application use the class MediaPlayer The platform also allows you to capture audio and video where supported by hardware device For recording audio or video use the class MediaRecorder Note that the emulator has hardware for audio or video but actual devices are likely to provide these capabilities accessible through the class MediaRecorder 32 2 21 1 Play audio and video The Media played from anywhere from raw material to resources from files stored on the filesystem or an available network URL The sound reproduction becomes only the standard device for audio output At present this is the speaker of the device or headset Bluetooth Cannot playback the audio of the conversation 2 21 2 Play from Raw Resource Perhaps the most common is the playback from within an application This function is relatively easy to implement First step Put the sound file or other media resource to the list res raw of the project where the plug in in Eclipse or
7. complex Developers can create an hierarchical tree either by using the predefined widgets and layouts of Android or with their own custom Views When the hierarchical tree of Views is connected to the screen with the method that is referred as setContentView we can make the graphics performance rendering and pass by reference to the root node of the tree The Android system receives this report and uses it to invalidate calculate and design the tree The node father hierarchy asks his children nodes to be designed respectively Each node view group is 17 responsible for applying to their children nodes view to be designed Children nodes may require a size and a place in their father hierarchy but only the father takes the final decision on how much space it occupies each child Android platform analyzes the data layout of our series from the top of the hierarchical tree It can also create Views and adds them to their parents 2 3 Layout The most common way to define the layout is through a XML file layout The XML provides a humanly comprehensible structure for the layout such as the HTML Each element in the XML object is either View or ViewGroup The View objects are the leaves of the tree and the objects ViewGroup are the branches The name of an XML element is equivalent to the Java class that represents lt TextView gt creates an element TextView in the Ul and lt LinearLayout gt creates an element called LinearLayout vie
8. drawable photo7 R drawable photo8 R drawable photo9 IF public ImageAdapter Context c 1 mContext c TypedArray a c obtainStyledAttributes R styleable Gallery mGalleryItemBackground a getResourceld R styleable Gallery_android_galleryItemBackground 0 a recycle 46 Button next Button find ViewByld R id button5 next setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener 1 public void onClick View view 1 Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext teipir class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 3 The results of the previous code are shown in the next figure DAG 12 28 am TEI PIRAEUS Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus Figure 4 7 In the fourth case the user acquires access to the library database of the Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus Here the screen appears some fields which are part of the code of the library s website The fields are loading with the same way as in the original website http lib teipir gr 47 AG 12 29 am TEI PIRAEUS Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus Search for records in Main Catalog i Catalog of books serials and other material Fill in this search form Anywhere Anywhere wf Anywhere KIN Search Reset Number of records to display in the result set list 10 Exit Select Database Scan View Saved Rec EUDOC Systems amp Services Figure 4 8 In the fifth cas
9. in res drawable can be optimized automatically in a compressed format without losing the tool aapt For example a true color PNG that requires less than 256 colors can be converted to an 8 bit PNG with colored palette This will produce an image with the same quality that takes less memory We must remember that the binary images of this list may change during the build If we intend to read a picture as a bit stream in order to turn it into a bitmap we must put the image file in res raw where there will be compression optimization 2 16 Sample Code The following code segments show us how to create an Image View by using an image in the drawable resources and how to add it to the layout savedInstanceState LinearLayoutmLinearLayoutLinearLayout protected void onCreate this mLinearLayout super onCreate LinearLayout Create ain which to add the ImageViewImageView Bundle savedInstanceState new new ImageViewlInstantiate anand define its properties Image View R drawable my_image true ImageView this i setImageResource 26 i setAdjustViewBounds set boundsthe theto matchDrawable s In other cases we can manipulate the image as an Drawable object To do this we can create a Drawable resource with the following way Resources res mContext getResources R drawable my_image Drawable mylmageres getDrawable It should be noted that every single resource in our w
10. operating system responds perfectly This is of course the fact that the Android operating system runs on devices that have very fast processors large memory and various other features In any case any mobile phone that uses the Android is a powerful tool This tool can be used either for business or pleasure The Android operating system was built by a huge company in the field of technology and its future will be absolutely bright References Friesen Geoff Learn Java for Android Development Berkeley Calif Apress 2010 Burnette Ed Hello Android Introducing Google s Mobile Development Platform Android 2 Raleigh NC Android Developers What is Android 2010 http developer android com guide basics what is android html 49 Wikipedia org Android Operating System 2010 http en wikipedia org wiki Android operating system cite note EnSDK 62 Google Code Google Maps API Web Services 2010 http code google com apis maps documentation webservices index html Sven Woltmann Android Beginners Workshop AndroidPIT February 2010 Wiley Publishing Professional Android 2 Development Indianapolis 2010 IBM Corporation Introduction to Android development using Eclipse and Android Widgets 2010 Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal Businessweek com 2005 08 17 Lauren Darcey Sams Teach Yourself Android Application Development in 24 Hours Indianapolis Indiana 2010 Mark L Murphy Android P
11. the object ContentResolver This object ContentResolver can communicate with any content provider and it can cooperate to manage this communication Android ensures that the process of component is running whenever there is a request to be handled by a specific part Otherwise the appropriate instance of the component is available during the boot 13 1 5 5 Activating components Intents The Content Providers are activated when a ContentResolver sends them a request The other three components activities services and broadcast receivers are triggered by asynchronous messages called intents The intent is an object of Intent type which includes the content of the message On activities and services is required an action in order to run and specify the URI of the data and as a result to act together with other actions For example the intent may request a transfer of an activity in order to display an image to the user or to allow him to edit a text In broadcast receivers the Intent object identifies the announcement of the action For example the intent can inform the user that the camera button has pushed There are three different methods of activating each type of component The first method is An Activity is switched or assigned to perform something new on by passing an Intent object using the method of Context startActivity or Activity startActivityForResult The Activity monitor investigates the original intent that i
12. the required hierarchy for the View menu and will plan every object which is included in it Menus handle their own events so developers do not need to register event listeners for the items menu When an object is selected the method onOptionsltemSelected or the method onContextItemSelected will be invited from the environment 20 2 7 Statement Layout The Layout is the architecture of the user interface to an Activity The Activity defines the structure of the layout and contains all the items displayed to the user We can define the layout with the following ways 1 We can declare User Interface elements in XML The Android provides a simple XML vocabulary that corresponds to the classes and subclasses of View such as those on the widgets and layouts Then we can create a data layout in runtime The Android framework gives us the flexibility to use one of these two methods or both of them in order to declare and manage the UI of our application For example we can declare the default layouts of our application in XML including details of the screen that will contain and their properties After adding code to our application we can modify the position of the objects on the screen such as we have already referred in XML during runtime 2 The ADT Plugin for Eclipse offers a preview of the layout that we have stated in the XML file 3 We can test and tool Hierarchy Viewer for debugging layouts The Hierarchy Viewer displ
13. API for 2D graphics is in the package drawable The API on OpenGL is available from the package Khronos OpenGL ES along with some OpenGL utilities for Android When a project starts it is important to define precisely the requirements for the graphics Different graphic processes are best achieved by different techniques For example graphics and animations for a relatively static application must be carried out in a different way than in a game or interactive applications with 3D rendering 2 9 Analysis Options The 2D graphics can be created with one of the following two ways The first way is We design the graphics or animations in an object View In this way the manipulation of the graphic design and animation is made by the design process of normal View We must simply specify the graphics into the View The second way is We design the graphics directly onto a canvas In this way we call the method draw the appropriate class passing of the Canvas or a method of draw eg drawPicture Following this procedure we can control any animation 22 The first way is better if we want to design simple graphics that do not need to be dynamic and part of a game On the other hand we prefer the second way when our application should must do re draw at regular intervals Essentially all games have to be designed to Canvas 2 10 Design Canvas Through Canvas our plan actually performed on a Bitmap which is later placed
14. Kingston University London DEVELOPING OF A MULTIMEDIA GUIDE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS USING THE ANDROID PLATFORM IOANNIS KAVVALOS Master of Science in Networking and Data Communications THESIS Kingston University London Thesis Title Developing of a Multimedia Guide for Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus using the Android Platform Dissertation submitted for the Degree of Master of Science in Networking and Data Communications By IOANNIS KAVVALOS SUPERVISOR DR DIONISIS ADAMOPOULOS KINGSTON UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF COMPUTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS MATHEMATICS TEI OF PIRAEUS DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS AND AUTOMATION JULY 2011 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my family and my friends for all of their encouragement and support TABLE OF CONTENTS ADS LN E E E O A A 2 SS E E ON 2 The Atidroid Sd e a dd o 2 TheAfidroid Platform dnde ados des Oe des 6 Basic parts of the Android PlatfOTM ee ee ee ee ee RA GR GR AR AR RR Re Ge Re Re Re ee 9 Applications pieCes sc sic EER Se EE ER N EE EE SR Ee ER GE GE Ge Eg EENS Ee SE ED Ge ee Ee Ge eg Gee EE se ee 10 VURE EE ER OE AE EO OE N OE ED 11 UV A A OE NN 12 Broadcast Receivers ici ac id 13 Content go OR OE iaa 13 Activating components IntentS sesse esse se seek GR RA GR ee Re Re Ge Re Re ee ee ee ee ee Gee ea 14 Disabling compomnents is EE GER SE EE SEE Ee ES A GE EER E dee Reg R GEE Ee ERG Ee Ge deeg
15. RAEUS Application development esse se ese ee ee ee ee ee ese ee ese ee ee Re ee 39 WERE RE EE RO a EE EE 39 TEL Pita u ApD EE ena ee ee add Se aan asters tive dangle de 40 A OE OE EE OE OE te e ee RE 49 References BE e EE EA AE OO AN 49 Y RES EE RD ee EE EE SA DERE DE ee De DE Nera Ie ae oe 51 Abstract This dissertation aims to develop a multimedia application that contains information about the Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus The application was developed using the Android Platform and it was designed mainly in order to be a tool for all the undergraduate students of the educational institute The application is useful for students so as to learn all the news about their lessons Also it contains information for each one of the departments The code of the application was developed using the Eclipse SDK and the Android SDK with the AVD Manager There are also some extra features in the main application such as the option to search a book directly from the database of the library 1 Introduction Android is a mobile operating system similar to Symbian 10S Windows Mobile It was initially developed by Android Inc which was bought by Google in 2005 Google released the main part of the Android code under the Apache License and with this licence vendors can add proprietary extensions without submitting them back to the open source community Android uses a modified Linux kernel and allows applications to be develope
16. application Each application runs in its own separate box sandbox a Each application runs in accordance to the process architecture of Linux The Android operating system launches the commands when any piece of the code of the application requires execution and ends when it is no longer useful One of the facts that it is very important is that the Android operating system terminates the application when system resources that were committed are required by another application b Each process runs autonomously within a VM Virtual Machine so it is isolated from the source of all other applications c Each application has a unique user ID Linux User ID Each application uses rights which are configured so that the files are visible only to the specific user and application But there are ways that the rights can be shared and can be used by other applications 1 5 Application s pieces One of the main features of Android is that an application can use the data to another application provided that it is allowed For example if our application needs to display a scrolling list of images and another application has implemented such a list which is also available in other applications can be called instead to 10 implement a new one The application does not incorporate our code with another application or connected with him Simply start the execution of this code whenever is necessary For this reason the system
17. avaScriptEnabled true mWebView loadUrl http maps google com 11 37 978651 23 6735748 spn 0 00 674 0 009645 amp t h amp z 17 Button next Button find ViewBylId R id buttonS5 next setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener BOE 12 27 au Figure 4 6 In the third case the user clicks the button in order to see the gallery of the Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus In this place the applications show several photographs of the TEI of Piraeus The photographs are stored within the application inside the res drawable directory The application displays the images on the screen using the following code public class showgallery extends Activity 1 45 Called when the activity is first created public void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState 1 super onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R layout gallery Gallery g Gallery findViewByld R id gallery1 g setAdapter new ImageAdapter this g setOnItemClickListener new OnItemClickListener 1 public void onItemClick AdapterView lt gt parent View v int position long id Toast makeText showgallery this position Toast LENGTH_SHORT show public class ImageAdapter extends BaseAdapter int mGalleryltemBackground private Context mContext private Integer mImagelds R drawable photol R drawable photo2 R drawable photo3 R drawable photo4 R drawable photo5 R drawable photo6 R
18. ays the values of the properties of the layout wireframes indicators padding margin and full rendered views while we debug on the emulator or the device 4 The tool layoutopt allows us to analyze and layout hierarchies easily in order to identify deficiencies and other problems The benefit of declaration of the Ul in XML is that it allows better separation in the representation of our implementation of the code The descriptions of the Ul are out of code enforcement which means that we can modify customize without having to change and recompile the code enforcement For example we can create XML layouts for different screen orientations different size monitors and different languages 21 Moreover stating the layout in XML makes it easier to display the structure of the User Interface and it is easier to correct the errors In this format the text focuses on teaching us how to declare the layout to XML Creating a View object in runtime we can look at reviews of classes and ViewGroup View Generally the XML vocabulary is used in the statement of UI elements and follows the structure and nomenclature of the classes and methods In this case the element names correspond to class names and the names of the properties in these methods 2 8 Graphics The graphics in the Android operating system are included in a custom library of two dimensional 2D graphics and the OpenGL ES 1 0 3D graphics for high performance The most common
19. d R id button3 42 next setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener 1 public void onClick View view Intent myIntent new Intent view getContext showgallery class startActivityForResult mylIntent 0 Button next2 Button find ViewByld R id button4 next2 setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener 1 public void onClick View view 1 Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext showlibrary class startActivityForResult mylntent 0 TODO Auto generated method stub DE Button next4 Button findViewByld R id button6 next4 setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener 1 public void onClick View view 1 Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext showcontact class startActivityForResult mylntent 0 In the first case the user can see the menu which shows the departments of the Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus Then each one of them presents the available websites If the user clicks on a link he activates the application of the mobile phone so as to open the respective website This can be achieved by using a parameter in the XML code android autoLink web so that the android operating system can understand that this field is a link to a website For example a part of the XML code of the screen Faculty of Engineering is the following lt TextView android layout_width match_parent android gravity center_horizontal android layout h
20. d in JavaTM technology using Java libraries While Android applications are written in the Java language there s no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code is not executed For developers Android SDK provides a rich set of tools including debugger libraries handset emulator documentation sample code and tutorials Android applications can be easily developed using Eclipse Android s official development platform with the help of a plug in called Android Development Tools ADT 1 2 The Android history The Android operating system was created in response to commercial versions of operating systems for mobile devices The Android is a modern operating system for mobile devices that based in the core of the Linux operating system Originally it developed by Google and later by the OpenHandset Alliance It allows developers to create a code by using the programming language Java and controlling the devices through software libraries developed by Google In July 2005 Google acquired Android Inc a small company based in Palo Alto California USA The co founders of Android went to work at Google including Andy Rubin co founder of Danger Rich Miner co founder of Wildfire Communications Inc Nick Sears former vice president of T Mobile and Chris White head design and development interface in WebTV At that time little was known about the functions of Android Inc except that it made software for mobile phone
21. droid view animation we will find common classes used in the design and movement in two dimensions 2 14 Drawables A Drawable is a general deduction for something that can be designed The class Drawable inherites and provides a wide range of concrete drawable graphics including BitmapDrawable ShapeDrawable PictureDrawable LayerDrawable and many others Of course we can inherit them to define our own custom Drawable objects that have unique behavior There are three ways to define and initialize a Drawable the first one is by using a stored image of the resources the second one is by using an XML file which defines the properties of the Drawable and the third one by using the manufacturers constructors from the normal class 25 2 15 Creation of icons resource A simple way to add graphics to our application is a simple reference to an image file from the resources The supported files are PNG recommended JPG acceptable and GIF not recommended by the documentation This technique is suitable for icons logos or other similar graphics embedded in games If we want to use an image from the resource we simply add the image in the directory res drawable of our project Thus we can refer to it from either our code or the XML layout In each case the reference image comes through a resource ID which is the name of the file without the extension eg in my_image png refer to my_image It should be noted that images placed
22. e import android view View import android widget Button public class showmanagement extends Activity Called when the activity is first created Override public void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState super onCreate savedInstanceS tate setContentView R layout management Button next Button findViewByld R id button5 next setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener public void onClick View view DE Showlibrary java package teipir thesis com import android app Activity import android content Intent import android os Bundle import android view View import android widget Button import android webkit WebView public class showlibrary extends Activity 1 private WebView mWebView Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext showdepartments class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 TODO Auto generated method stub 53 Called when the activity is first created public void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState 1 super onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R layout library mWebView WebView findViewByld R id webview mWebView getSettings setJavaScriptEnabled true mWebView loadUrl http lib 1 teipir gr cgi bin EN egwcgi 4076 query egw 1 195 251 69 61 210 ADVANCE Button next Button findViewByld R id button5 next setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener public void onClick View view Intent mylntent new Intent
23. e the application shows the contact information of the Technological Education Institute of Piraeus This is similar to the first case which uses the XML field properties in order to provide the appropriate information to Android operating system In this case when the user clicks on the telephone number the application executes the mobile call service BUE 12 29 am TEI PIRAEUS Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus Figure 4 9 All the screens of the application have a back button Android applications are not necessary to have such a button because the devices which are running the 48 Android operating system they have such a button This specific application was included in order to be familiar with the users who have not previously experienced in using an Android mobile phone Conclusion We can draw many conclusions from the implementation of this dissertation First of all during this procedure I realized that it is not difficult to develop an Android application compared to other platforms Google developed all the necessary tools in order to help developers to make complex applications in a short time So there are no limits except from the developers imagination The Android operating system has a great development Currently there are countless sources of information on the Internet and many companies deal only with the Android development In the area of multimedia applications the Android
24. e photo9 E public ImageAdapter Context c mContext c TypedArray a c obtainStyledAttributes R styleable Gallery mGalleryltemBackground a getResourceld R styleable Gallery_android_galleryltemBackground 0 a recycle Button next Button findViewByld R id button5 next setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener public void onClick View view Intent myIntent new Intent view getContext teipir class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 55 DE public int getCount return mImagelds length public Object getItem int position return position public long getItemId int position return position public View getView int position View convertView ViewGroup parent Image View i new Image View mContext i setImageResource mImagelds position i setLayoutParams new Gallery LayoutParams 300 250 1 setScaleType ImageView ScaleType FIT_XY i setBackgroundResource mGalleryItemBackground return i 56
25. eight wrap content android id id TextView09 android text Department of Automation Engineering gt 43 lt TextView gt lt TextView android layout_width match_parent android autoLink web android gravity center_horizontal android layout_height wrap_content android id id TextView02 android text http auto teipir gr gt lt TextView gt DA G 12 16am TEI PIRAEUS Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus Figure 4 4 Figure 4 5 In the second case the user presses the button in order to see the map of the Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus In this case the application loads a screen which includes a frame This frame is set to load via maps goole com a specific location on the world map The code of the program sets the coordinates of TEI Piraeus and also the tools that are available to the user zoom add a POI etc The XML code that provides the webframe is the following lt WebView xmlns android http schemas android com apk res android android id id webview android layout width fill parent android layout_height fill_parent gt 44 Also the part of the code that executes the webview of the google map is the following public void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState 1 super onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R layout map mWebView WebView findViewByld R id webview mWebView getSettings setJ
26. eivers can either be declared in the manifest file or can 16 be created dynamically in code as objects BroadcastReceivers and recorded by the system by calling the method Context registerReceiver 2 MULTIMEDIA DEVELOPING 2 1 User Interface UD The user interface in an Android application created using objects View and ViewGroup There are many types of views and viewgroups Each of them is a descendant of the Class View View objects are the basic building blocks of user interface of the Android platform The Class View is a basis for subclasses and it is usually called widget Class View offers fully delineated UI objects such as text fields and buttons Heading ViewGroup runs as a base for subclasses called layouts which provide different kinds of architectural layout such as linear tabular and relative A View object is a data structure It has attributes which store the parameters of the layout and the content of a given rectangular region of the screen A View object handles the size layout design focus the scrolling and interactions buttons gestures for the rectangular display area in which it is located The View object is also a point of interaction for the user and receiver of interaction events when it is developed as a Ul object 2 2 Hierarchy View The platform Android defines the user interface UI as an Activity using a hierarchy of View nodes and ViewGroup This hierarchical tree can be simple or
27. ent characteristics Specifically an application can run on a device with small screen and low resolution but also can be performed in a device with big screen and high resolution Irrespective of their status which called cross compatible the Android platform provides the tools which are necessary for the developers in order to build applications that run only on compatible devices For example if an application requires a camera in front of the phone then the application cannot run on a phone that does not have a camera This arrangement is known as the feature detection Generally devices that are compatible with the Android operating system have a camera GPS blue tooth and compass An important fact which favors the development of applications is that the Android SDK package works with eclipse So the developer can quickly and easily see through every change in the code on the emulator which is provided by the Android SDK without having to export each time the application and to install it in a mobile device Also the emulator is very reliable and has exactly the same behavior with the situation that the application has been installed on an Android mobile phone Finally another important advantage is the fact that the software application upgrades still work without the need to redesign some of the key parts of the code for interaction with the application components of the mobile phone hardware An important feature of the Andr
28. ew Android projects designing the user interface of their application with a graphical way to do debug using the Android SDK Tools and even export signed or not APKs that they can split over Overall the development of applications in Eclipse using the ADT proposed since it is the quickest way to get started with Android So if we want to use the ADT to develop applications install it If you prefer to work with another development environment IDE no need to install the Eclipse and the ADT Instead we can use directly the SDK Tools for application development Step 4 Adding Platforms and other Components The last step in order to set up a full SDK is to setup the tool in order to use Android SDK and AVD Manager which includes the basic tools and to download all the necessary components The SDK uses a modular structure which separates and allocated all of its components ie the versions of the platform Android the add ons additional tools platform code examples and documentation into autonomous parts for 36 installation The SDK after the initial installation contains only the most recent version of the SDK Tools To develop an application we need at least one Android platform ie a specific version and platform tools platform tools If you used the Windows installer at the end of the installation wizard will open the Android SDK and AVD Manager with a default set of platforms and other components to installation p
29. ge applications on all platforms Android It is a good resource for beginners to platform developers Sixth type Documentation lowers our system copies the latest versions of documentation and explanation of the framework API in Android 38 The Third party Add ons source provides components for creating and developing applications using special beyond the basic libraries such as the library of Google Maps and even differing versions versions of the operating system You can include other external sources by clicking the Add Add on Site Adding location of the SDK s tools and platform tools in the environment variable PATH we can through the command line to execute a program a tool without having to be at the directory in which the program or to identify the full name full path name Depending on which operating system you use you can include the above two sites in the PATH by the following ways First way In Microsoft Windows environment press Right click on My Computer and then click the option Properties In the Advanced tab select Environment Variables and in the window that appears press double click on Path the system variables Add to this end the exact location of tools and platform tools Second way In Linux environments locate the PATH environment variable to any of the files Bash profile Bashrc or Profile and add to it the full name of the directory tools and platform t
30. ges broadcast announcements Many of them come from the same code system for example when users change the time when they get the battery level when someone takes a picture or when they change the system language Applications can also create such broadcast messages in order to warn the user for example when some data is downloaded to the device and it is available for use An application can have a large amount of broadcast receivers in order to respond to every important communication All broadcast receivers extend the base class BroadcastReceiver The broadcast receivers do not have a graphical interface Nevertheless one broadcast receiver can start an activity in response to information received or it can use the NotificationManager in order to alert the user Alerts notifications may distract the user in many ways such as flashing the backlight using the vibration device playing sounds etc Usually there is an icon in the status bar which provides extra information 1 5 4 Content providers A content provider offers the possibility to make available an application specific data to other applications This data can be stored in the filesystem or in a database SQLite or anywhere else Each content provider extends the class ContentProvider in order to implement a basic set of methods These methods allow other applications to retrieve and store data Usually these methods are called directly but indirect they are called through
31. he Canvas View onDraw The most convenient in this way is that the Android framework gives us the pre configured Canvas which will define the methods calls for the design For starters we extend the Class View or descendant thereof and set the method onDraw This method is called the Android framework that the View is designed by itself Here we perform all calls for the design through the Canvas so as to get the method onDraw The Android framework calls the onDraw method as necessary Every time our application is ready to design we call the View to be invalidated by calling the invalidate So we declare that we want the View to be redesigned and Android calls the method onDraw Within onDraw of the View we use the Canvas that we have been given for the entire design using different methods Canvas draw or other methods draw by classes that receive the Canvas as a parameter When onDraw is completed the Android framework uses the Canvas in order to draw a Bitmap that will operate the system We must refer that if we want to invalidate a request from a thread outside the main Activity thread we have to call the postInvalidate 2 12 Surface View The SurfaceView is a special subclass of View which offers an area exclusively for design in the hierarchy of View The main aim is to offer this surface design in the secondary thread to the application so the application cannot wait to prepare the View system
32. he tween animation mentioned the XML file for this type of animation is in the directory res drawable the project In this case the instructions regarding the number and duration of each frame of animation The XML file consists of a lt animation list gt element as the root node and a series of child lt item gt nodes each of which defines a frame a drawable resource to the frame and the length of the frame An example XML file for the frame by frame animation drawable rocket thrust1 android android drawable drawable android duration 200 gt lt item android drawable drawable rocket_thrust2 android duration 200 gt drawable lt itemrocket_thrust3 gt android duration 200 lt animation list gt This animation runs in just three frames Defining the status android oneshot from the list to true will recycle once and then stop and keep the last frame If set to false then the animation will repeat To XML stored as rocket_thrust xml 30 list res drawable the project and may be added as a background image on View and then executed Here is an example Activity where the animation is added to the Image View and then becomes animated when you touch the screen AnimationDrawable savedInstanceState R layout main public void onCreate rocketAnimation super onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState setContentView ImageView rocketImage MotionEvent Motio
33. ication Manager Manager Providers VIEW System Manager Package Telephon Location Sensor t Manager yl Manager Resource Jl Manager Manager Libraries Android Runtime Linux Kernel i j Bluetooth i Flash Memo Binder IPC Display Driver uetool Camera Driver g Die y der IF Keypad Driver USB Driver WiFi Driver Audio Drivers METT Figure 1 3 The Android Platform An Android application has a different philosophy in its structure compared with conventional structures Usually there is an executable file that contains the program logic using external resources i e local files or images or texts to be retrieved from the network etc The Android application is not an executable file but as an application it is meant to be a group of files that represents the Activities of the application These can be accessed by other applications which are written from other developers As it was mentioned before one of the most popular programming languages for application development of the Android operating system is the programming language Java An Android package includes data files and resources These two parts are linked with the compiled Java code using the tool aapt and finally they produce a file with extension apk An apk file can be installed on Android and can be distributed via Internet Websites Android Market In essence the apk file is a standalone
34. iew getContext showlibrary class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 TODO Auto generated method stub D Button next4 Button findViewByld R id button6 next4 setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener public void onClick View view 51 Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext showcontact class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 TODO Auto generated method stub Showmap java package teipir thesis com import android app Activity import android content Intent import android os Bundle import android view View import android widget Button import android webkit WebView public class showmap extends Activity private WebView mWebView Called when the activity is first created public void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState 1 super onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R layout map mWebView WebView findViewByld R id webview mWebView getSettings setJavaScriptEnabled true mWebView loadUrl http maps google com 11 37 978651 23 6735748 5pn 0 00674 0 0096458 t h8 2 17 Button next Button find ViewByld R id button5 next setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener 1 public void onClick View view 1 Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext teipir class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 y 52 Showmanagement java package teipir thesis com import android app Activity import android content Intent import android os Bundl
35. in the window If we plan inside the method onDraw we have the Canvas and we should simply tune calls for design We also request a Canvas from Surface Holder lockCanvas when working with an object Surface View However if we want to create a new Canvas we must set the Bitmap in order to implement the plan The Bitmap is always necessary for a Canvas We can define a new Canvas as the following one Bitmap Bitmap createBitmap 100 b Bitmap Config ARGB 8888 b 100 Canvas cnew Canvas So the Canvas was designed over the specified Bitmap After drawing on it with the Canvas we can transfer the Bitmap Canvas to another one of the methods Canvas drawBitmap Bitmap It is more logical to design graphics with one of the Canvas provided by View onDraw or SurfaceHolder lockCanvas as it will be seen below The Canvas class has a separate set of design methods such as Bitmap drawRect drawText and many others Other classes may also use methods draw For example we will have some items Drawable that want to place on Canvas The Drawable has its own method draw and accepts the Canvas as an argument 23 2 11 View If the application does not require high processing power and high framerate for example a chess game snakes and ladders or some other applications by changing the environment slowly then the implementation can be done by creating a custom View component and the design of t
36. it was necessary to make a theoretical reference to the way that the android operating system displays the multimedia files to the devices Meanwhile the application should be built in the form guide Generally I acquired enough theoretical knowledge However I did not use all of them because I had to build several projects that are not related with the android operating system The userof the mobile phone can see the main screen by opening the application The choices that appear on the screen are the following 1 Departments 2 Campus map 3 Gallery 4 Library 5 Contact 41 DAG 12 15 4m TEL PIRAEUS Figure 4 3 The code of this screen is the following public class teipir extends Activity Called when the activity is first created Override public void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState super onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R layout main Button next3 Button findViewByld R id button 1 next3 setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener public void onClick View view Intent myIntent new Intent view getContext showdepartments class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 DE Button next5 Button find ViewByld R id button2 next5 setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener 1 public void onClick View view 1 Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext showmap class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 DE Button next Button find ViewByl
37. line this file should support progressive download progressive download 2 21 4 Playing content JET The Android platform contains a mechanism called JET which allows you to add interactive reproduction of the contents of the JET files in your application You can create content for interactive play JET using the application JetCreator found in the SDK For breeding and management of JET content from your application use the class JetPlayer For descriptions of the JET and for instructions on how to use the tool JetCreator see JetCreator User Manual The tool is fully equipped operating in OS X and Windows and on Linux supports the creation of new content but not import and edit existing content 34 An example for the regulation of reproduction by a JET file Jet that is stored on your SD JetPlayer myJet JetPlayer getJetPlayer sdcard levell jet myJet loadJetFile byte segmentIdO queue segment 5 repeat once use General MIDI transpose by 1 octave myJet queueJetSegment 1 1 1 0 0 0 segmentld queue segment 2 5 1 0 segmentld 2myJet queueJetSegment myJet play The SDK contains an application example JetBoy showing how to use JetPlayer to create an interactive soundtrack for your game Also emphasizes how to use JET events to synchronize the music with events in the game The application is located in lt sdk gt platforms android 1 5 samples JetBoy 3 A
38. must be able to start a process of the application wherever it is required by any part of it So unlike most systems Android applications have a unique entry point implementation eg main function In contrast there are the main ingredients components which the system can implement and execute whenever it is necessary There are four basic types of components 1 5 1 Activities An Activity represents a structured graphical interaction with the user For example an Activity can display a list of items in order to choose one of them or it presents photographs with their titles An application for sending text messages can have an activity in order to highlight the contacts a second activity for writing the message and other activities to display old messages or change the settings All the activities work together and they coordinated by a single graphical interface An important feature is that each one of them is independent and is implemented as a subclass of the base class Activity An application may consist of a single activity or many activities as in the example of text messaging There are many activities which depend on the design of the application Basically the activities that are described as the first one will be shown to the user when the application starts The transition from one activity to another is accomplished by a boot to the next activity A main window displays each activity Usually this window covers the full sc
39. n application can initiate a broadcast by sending an object Intent on methods within the object using the type Context SendBroadcast SendOrderedBroadcast and SendStickyBroadcast in any version of the SDK The Android platform sends the intent to all the interested broadcast receivers using the method onReceive 1 5 6 Disabling Components A content provider is still turned on until it responds to a request from a ContentResolver and a broadcast receiver so as to respond to a broadcast message Therefore there is no need to explicitly disable these components On the other hand the activities provide the user interface These activities interact with the user for a long time and can stay active even 1f they are idle Similarly the services may remain active for a long time too So Android platform contains methods to disable the activities and services in a methodical way 1 An activity can be disabled by calling the method finish Furthermore an activity can disable another by calling the method finishActivity 2 A service is terminated by calling the method stopSelf or by calling the method Context stopService The components can also be terminated by the system if it is no longer in use or when the Android platform must obtain memory for more active components 15 1 6 The file Manifest Before the Android launches an ingredient it provides a control test in order to realize if that component alread
40. nEvent ACTION DOWN event rocketImage getBackground true AnimationDrawable public boolean onTouchEvent rocketAnimation start fif event getAction return event returnsuper onTouchEvent It is important to note that the method start called in AnimationDrawable can not be called during the execution of the method onCreate of Activity because AnimationDrawable is still not fully adhering to the window If you want to run the animation immediately without interaction then we must call the method onWindowFocusChanged of Activity which will be called when the Android restores the window to focus 31 2 20 3D with OpenGL The Android includes support for high performance 3D graphics through OpenGL API namely through the OpenGL ES API The OpenGL ES is a version of OpenGL for use in embedded devices The versions of OpenGL ES have similarities but are not closely linked to the corresponding versions of classic OpenGL The Android currently supports the OpenGL ES 1 0 which corresponds to OpenGL 1 3 So if the application you have in mind is implemented with OpenGL 1 3 on a desktop computer should be implemented and Android This API provided by the Android is similar to the J2ME JSR239 OpenGL ES API However it may not be identical so care is needed deviations 2 21 Audio and Video The Android platform provides built in encoding decoding for the most common file types media so you can easily import
41. nd defined the boundaries of shape If you did not define the limits the shape will not be designed if not define the color will be set to black A custom View can be designed in any way they want With the following code we can design the shape of a programmatic Activity CustomDrawableView savedInstanceState mCustomDrawableViewCustomDrawableView mCustomDrawableView protected void onCreate this mCustomDrawableView super onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState new setContentView If we can design a custom drawable from XML instead of an Activity then heading CustomDrawable need to overload the constructor View Context AttributeSet which is called when initializing a View by inflation from XML 29 Heading ShapeDrawable like many other types Drawable the package android graphics drawable allows us to define various properties of drawable through public methods Some of the properties may wish to amend contain alpha transparency color filter dither opacity and color We can define basic drawable shapes using XML 2 19 Frame Animation In a traditional animation there are a set of different images which appear in succession such as playing a movie The base class for frame animations is AnimationDrawable We can define the frames of animation through the code using the API AnimationDrawable however achieved more simply with an XML file that has the list of frames composing the animation As t
42. ndroid application development 3 1 The Android SDK The Android SDK is available for downloading in the following website http developer android com sdk index html 3 2 Installation of the Android SDK The following description regards the process of installing the Android SDK and development environment If you have already installed the Android SDK you can use this tool in order to update the package 35 Step 1 Computer preparation The most important requirement is the existence of the JDK Java Development Kit If you intend to develop in Eclipse with ADT Plug in Android Development Tools which is recommended if you are new to Android should ensure that you have installed an appropriate version of Eclipse 3 4 or later Step 2 Download the Android SDK The Android SDK just after installation are not fully loaded but contains only basic tools some of which you can download the remaining ingredients such as platform Android code examples notes etc If you have downloaded the Windows Installer exe file to run that will check if you have the JDK if not install it and will be installed in the default location Step 3 Installing ADT Plug in for Eclipse The Android offers a plug in for Eclipse called Android Development Tools ADT which is designed to provide an integrated environment in which developing Android applications Extends the capabilities of Eclipse allowing developers to quickly create n
43. oid operating system is the fact that they can be combined two or more services in order to compose one application This feature is called mashup For example it can be combined a service that enables the camera with the service that activates the GPS The result is the creation of an image which contains the coordinates of the place that was captured Another example of a mashup is an application that combines the geolocation service with a social networking service These two services produce an application which can publish every ten minutes the place of the device in a social networking website 1 4 Basic parts of Android platform The default programming language of Android operating system is Java and small parts of the framework include the XML language These are quite common languages and therefore they are accessible to a large number of developers who want to participate in the development of software The Android operating system is based on the Linux kernel but it is not a Linux The kernel acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack The libraries of the Android operating system include a set of huge C C libraries that are used by various components of the system These are available to developers through the Android application framework Applications and Widgets Home Contacts f Browser Widgets Your App Here Application Framework Activity Window Content EP Notif
44. ools Third way In Mac OS X locate the file Bash_profile and follow the same procedure with Linux but if the file does not exist create it 4 TEI PIRAEUS Application development 4 1 Use case The figure shows the use case diagram of the TEI Piraeus application One of the main use cases is the procedure which is followed by the user in order to find a book in the library Initially the user selects the menu option Library from the Ul of the application Then the user fills the fields in order to find a book The program displays the results in the screen 39 The basic steps are the following User choose the menu Library The application shows the fields author book name etc User fills the fields The application searching the database The application shows the results in the mobile screen Figure 4 1 4 2 TEI Piraeus app The main aim of this dissertation was to develop a multimedia application The result was implemented using the techniques that were described in the previous chapters The diagram shows the applications screens and the way that they are connected to each other 40 Campus Map Library Contact Departments aculty o Manegement and Finace General Departments Faculty of Engineering Figure 4 2 The application was implemented slightly different than it was originally planned This happens because
45. ork can have only one state many different snapshots of the object that they create For example if we have two snapshots of a Drawable object on the same image and change a property like an alpha in one of the Drawables then the same value will be changed to another one For this reason when we deal with multiple instances of an image instead of changing form in Drawable we can make a tween animation 2 17 Creation of resource XML If someone wants to change the properties of the Drawable when using the application he must define the object in XML and he can change its properties once initialized Then he retrieves an instance of the object by calling the Resources getDrawable and giving as a parameter the ID of the file XML Each Drawable subclass which supports the method inflate it can be defined in XML and it can initialize the application Each Drawable that supports XML inflation makes use of special properties of XML that help to define the properties of the object The following XML defines a TransitionDrawable xmlns android http schemas android com apk res android gt lt transition android drawable drawable image_expand gt lt item lt itemandroid drawable Wdrawable image collapse gt 27 lt transition gt With this XML stored in res drawable expand collapse xml the following code will initialize the TransitionDrawable and will set as content Resources re
46. rect errors and add new features 1 5 Cupcake based in the Linux Kernel 2 6 27 On April 30 2009 released the official 1 5 Cupcake update for Android operating system There are several new features and UI updates which included in the 1 5 update 1 The ability to record and play video 2 Uploading videos on Youtube and pictures in Picasa directly from the phone 3 A new keyboard with autocomplete characteristic 4 Support of BluetoothA2DP which made available the Bluetooth connectivity with many popular cars and headphones 5 Ability to automatically connect to a Bluetooth headset within a certain distance 6 News widgets and folders can be placed on the desktop 7 Animations between screens 8 Expanded ability to copy and paste including websites 1 6 Donut based in the Linux Kernel 2 6 29 On September 15 2009 Google released the 1 6 Donut SDK which included the following updates 1 An enhanced experience of Android Market 2 A built in camera camcorder and photo albums 3 The photo album now allows users to select multiple photos for delete 4 Updated Voice Search a faster response and deeper integration with native applications including the ability to make calls to the contacts 5 Update search experience to allow the search to your bookmarks history contacts and the Internet from main screen 6 Information technology support for CDMA EVDO 802 1x VPN Gest
47. redefined view groups that provide the Android called layouts include the LinearLayout the RelativeLayout the TableLayout the GridLayout and others Each one of them offers a unique set of parameters that are used to determine the location of fields and views in the structure of the layout 2 4 Widgets A widget is a View object that acts as an interface for interaction with the user The Android provides a fully delineated set of widgets like buttons checkboxes and text entry fields so we can quickly build our Ul Some widgets provided by Android are more complex like the date picker the clock and the zoom controls If we want to do something more sophisticated we can create our own widgets by extending and combining existing widgets The package android widget contains a list of widgets provided by Android 2 5 UI Events Once we add some Views widgets in the Ul we want to know the user interaction with them so we can execute some actions For information on the UI events we need to implement one of the following 1 First of all we must define an event listener and we enter it in the View The View class contains a collection of interfaces called On lt something gt Listener 19 each one with a callback method called On lt something gt For example View OnClickListener to handle clicks in a View View OnTouchListener for handling touch screen events in a View and View OnKeyListener for handling the
48. reen but it can also be smaller than the others An activity may also use additional windows such as a pop up dialog box or a window Usually pop up dial boxes request a response from the user through the operation of an activity and the windows inform the user about his actions A hierarchy of visual objects views provides the visual content of a window These are derived from the base class View Each View controls a specific rectangular area within the window The parents views if we consider the hierarchy as a tree contain and organize the formation of their children The latest views of the classification plan control 11 rectangular regions and when something happens in this space they respond to users actions In addition the views exist only during an activity which takes place at the user interface For example a view can display a small image and starts an action when the user selects the image The Android contains a set of ready views which we can use including buttons text fields scroll bars menu items check boxes and others A hierarchy of views place in the window one activity with the method Activity setContentView The content view is an object of type View at the top root of the hierarchy 1 5 2 Services A service has no Graphical User Interface but it runs in the background for an indefinite period For example a service can play background music as the user is doing other things such as transfe
49. ress Install to accept the installation of the above ingredients We can open the tool Android SDK and AVD Manager with one of the following ways e From Eclipse select Windows gt Android SDK and AVD Manager e On Windows press double click the file SDK Manager exe the root folder of the SDK e On Mac or Linux open a terminal and points to the tools the Android SDK and execute android Then use the tool Android SDK and AVD Manager as shown below to navigate to the SDK repository and choose or upgrade components In this way will be installed in our system components chosen Virtual devices SDK Location C Users smain Development android sdk windows Installed packages ie ss or Packages available fer download erg P 3 Android Repository 2 Documentation for Android SDK AP19 revision 1 E Documentation for Android SDK API8 revision 1 WH SOK Platform Android 2 3 API9 revision 1 SDK Platform Android 2 2 APIS revision 2 SOK Platform Android 2 1 API7 revision 2 E Samples for SDK API9 revision 1 PAS Samples for SDK APIS revision 1 ray Samples for SDK AP17 revision 1 4 E Third party Add ons Google Inc add ons dl ssl google com Samsung Electronics add ons innovator samsungmobile com Description Android Repository Add Add on Site Defet on Site Y Display updates only Refresh Figure 3 1 37 3 3 Available Components There are two sources of components for the SDK the one is the main so
50. ring data over a network or making calculations in order to provide results in required activities Each service extends the base class Service A common example is a media player that plays songs selected from a list The implementation of the player might have one or more of activities which enable the user to select in order to listen to a song However the music service cannot be handled by an activity since users will expect that the music must continue to play even when they let the player in order to start dealing with a different activity In order to continue playing music the activity of the media player must place a running service in the background Furthermore the system will allow the service to run even it is close to the triggered activity It is possible to connect or group a service When the services are connected we can communicate with them via an interface For example the music service interface may allow the user to stop change or play the song from the beginning The services run in the main thread of the process of our application like the activities and all the other components of Android platform Finally they often use other threads so as to perform time consuming operations This feature is very important in order not to exclude the operation of the other components or interface with the user 12 1 5 3 Broadcast Receivers A broadcast receiver is a component that receives and responds to communications messa
51. rogramming Tutorials CommonsWare USA 2010 Shawn Van Every Pro Android Media APRESS USA 2009 50 Appendix Teipir java package teipir thesis com import android app Activity import android os Bundle import android content Intent import android view View import android widget Button public class teipir extends Activity Called when the activity is first created Override public void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState super onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R layout main Button next3 Button findViewByld R id button1 next3 setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener public void onClick View view Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext showdepartments class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 D Button next5 Button findViewBylId R id button2 next5 setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener public void onClick View view content mylntent new Intent view getContext showmap class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 Button next Button findViewByld R id button3 next setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener D public void onClick View view Intent mylntent new Intent view getContext showgallery class startActivityForResult mylntent 0 Button next2 Button find ViewByld R id button4 next2 setOnClickListener new View OnClickListener public void onClick View view Intent mylntent new Intent v
52. s This information created rumors that Google would plan to construct products for the mobile market teat E Java CINDROID Figurel 1 Figure 1 2 In Google the team led by Rubin who developed a mobile platform based on Linux kernel promoted by providing a flexible and upgradeable system It is reported that Google had already amassed a range of partners hardware and software providers and noted that it was open to varying degrees of cooperation More theories that Google would enter the mobile market started in December 2006 Publications from the BBC and The Wall Street Journal informed that Google wanted its searches and applications to mobile phones to develop as fast as possible Print and electronic media soon reported rumors that Google developed a Google branded device More theories followed reporting that Google had laid down the technical specifications and prototypes seemed to mobile phone manufacturers and Network operators On September 2007 the InformationWeek covered an evaluation study indicating that Google had filed several patents in the field of mobile telephony Finally Google launched the Nexus One a smartphone that uses the Android open source operating system The device was manufactured by HTC Corporation of Taiwan and was released on January 5 2010 The Android operating system has been accepted several updates since its initial release These changes update the core operating system cor
53. s and their dictionaries 9 Voice dialing and contact sharing over Bluetooth 10 Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords 11 Support for file upload fields in the Browser application 12 Support for installing applications to the expandable memory 13 Adobe Flash support 14 Support for extra high DPI screens 320 dpi such as 4 720p 1 3 The Android platform The following chapter refers to the main features of the Android platform This chapter explains why Android is so famous and represents the basic reasons that make Android an easy platform for developing mobile applications When someone develops an android application can publish it in the Android Market and the application will be available for everyone around the world The programming environment based on an open source platform and the hardware specifications that required are accessible to everyone when someone is developing an application The Android operating system is a new platform in the global market but the appeal to the general public and developers communities is high and this is shown by the multiple of the applications that are created every day The Android Market publishes Android applications in one place and it is available for everyone all over the world who uses a simple web explorer Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox etc In addition Android Market is pre installed on every Android device and users have access to the applications instantly
54. s mContext getResources R drawable expand_collapse ImageView Image View R 1id toggle image transition TransitionDrawable TransitionDrawable res getDrawable Image View image findViewByld transitionimage setlmageDrawable This transition can be promoted under one second with transition startTransition 1000 2 18 Shape Drawable When we want to design some dynamic two dimensional graphics we can use an object ShapeDrawable A ShapeDrawable is an extension of the Drawable so we can use it whenever we need a Drawable possibly for a background of a View using the method setBackgroundDrawable Of course we also can design the shape as a custom View Because ShapeDrawable has its own method draw we can create a subclass of View the ShapeDrawable planned during the execution of the method View onDraw A major expansion of the Class View s planned as a ShapeDrawable View is as follows class extends View public CustomDrawableView super 28 ShapeDrawable context 10 10 300 mDrawableShapeDrawable publicCustomDrawableView private context new mDrawable x int int int int y width height50 Contextnew OvalShape Oxff74AC23 height canvas canvas mDrawable getPaint setColor x Canvas mDrawable setBounds y x width y protected void onDraw mDrawable draw In the constructor the ShapeDrawable defined as a OvalShape Assigned a color a
55. s triggered by calling the method getIntent The method calls Android onNewIntent of activity in order to pass the subsequent intents Typically an activity causes the next start If the first procedure waiting for the results is returned from the second the system calls the method startActivityForResult instead of startActivity For example if you want to start an activity that allows a user to choose a photo the user will wait until the system return him the selected photo The result is a subject of Intents which passed to the method onActivityResult when a user uses an activity The second method is A service starts or gives new orders through an Intent object to Context startService The method calls the Android service onStart and transmits the Intent object Similarly an object of type Intent may be the method Context bindService to establish a permanent connection between the called and the service component that called it The service receives the Intent object by calling the method onBind if the service is not running already optional method bindService can start For example an activity can establish a 14 connection with a playback service that plays music to provide the user the means eg an interface gui in order to handle the playback This activity can invite the bindService to install the connection and then calls are offered by the service methods The third method is A
56. urce of Android Android Repository and the other an exogenous third source of additional components Third party Add ons The Android Repository offers the following types of components First type SDK Tools preinstalled in the SDK package to remove it It includes tools for debug and control applications They are inside the folder lt sdk gt tools installation of SDK Second type SDK Platform tools includes tools that allow users to develop applications in order to debug them in real device or emulator emulator android device to control the device etc These tools have been developed along with the Android platform to support the latest features These tools are updated when a new version of the platform is available and there are inside the folder lt sdk gt platform tools installation ofthe SDK Third type Android platforms Every Android OS version is assigned a version of development environment SDK which contains everything needed for developing applications in it libraries image operating the simulator code examples and tools Fourth type USB Driver for Windows only for Windows Includes drivers driver files which we can install to run and debug applications do us in a real device with Android software If you intend to work in real device or not using the OS Windows for software development we do not need the USB drivers Fifth type Samples Contains code examples of small or lar
57. ures and a Text to speech sevice 7 WVGA support 8 Improved search engine and camcorder 2 0 2 1 Eclair based in the Linux Kernel 2 6 29 On October 26 2009 Google released the 2 0 Eclair SDK released Among the changes are the followings ER Optimizing the speed of hardware Support for several screen sizes and resolutions Updated UI New browser UI and HTMLS support New contact lists Best white black for the background Improved Google Maps 3 1 2 Microsoft Exchange Support VO ON Dn BUL ND Integrated supports for camera flash 10 Digital zoom 11 The MotionEvent optimized for monitors multi touch events 12 Improved virtual keyboard 13 Bluetooth 2 1 14 Live wallpapers 2 2 2 FroYo Based on Linux Kernel 2 6 32 1 System Speed memory and performance optimizations 2 Additional application speed improvements courtesy of JIT implementation 3 Integration of Chrome s V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application 4 Improved Microsoft Exchange support security policies auto discovery GAL look up calendar synchronization remote wipe 5 Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications 6 USB tethering and Wi Fi hotspot functionality Added an option to disable data access over mobile network 7 Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features 8 Quick switching between multiple keyboard language
58. view getContext teipir class startActivityForResult myIntent 0 D Showgallery java package teipir thesis com import android app Activity import android content Context import android content Intent import android content res TypedArray import android os Bundle import android view View import android view ViewGroup import android widget AdapterView import android widget AdapterView OnItemClickListener import android widget BaseA dapter import android widget Button import android widget Gallery import android widget ImageView import android widget Toast 54 public class showgallery extends Activity Called when the activity is first created public void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState 1 super onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R layout gallery Gallery g Gallery findViewByld R id gallery1 g setAdapter new ImageAdapter this g setOnItemClickListener new OnltemClickListener public void onltemClick AdapterView lt gt parent View v int position long id Toast makeText showgallery this position Toast LENGTH_SHORT show D public class ImageAdapter extends BaseAdapter int mGalleryltemBackground private Context mContext private Integer mImagelds R drawable photol R drawable photo2 R drawable photo3 R drawable photo4 R drawable photo5 R drawable photo6 R drawable photo7 R drawable photo8 R drawabl
59. w group When you load a layout resource the Android system initializes these objects created in runtime which are based on elements of our layout For example a simple vertical layout code with a text view and a button would be similar to the code that is given below lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt LinearLayout xmlns android http schemas android com apk res android android layout_width fill_ parent android layout height fill parent android orientation vertical gt lt TextView android id W id text android layout width wrap content android layout height wrap content android text Hello I am a TextView gt lt Button android id id button android layout width wrap content android layout height wrap content android text Hello I am a Button gt 18 lt LinearLayout gt In this example the LinearLayout contains a TextView and a Button We can put inside the code and another LinearLayout or other type of view group in order to prolong the hierarchy view and therefore create thereby a more complex layout We can also design objects View and ViewGroups based on Java code by using the methods addView View to dynamically assign new objects View and ViewGroup There are many ways that we can create the layout of our view Using more and different type of view groups fields can construct views and view groups in infinite ways Some p
60. y exists This is the reason why the applications define the components in a manifest file which are included in the Android package APK and they also contain executable code and data This file is a structured XML file and has the same name for all the existing applications AndroidManifest xml Apart from the statement of components the AndroidManifest performs other functions such as naming libraries that we will need to apply except for the default Android library and identify all these rights which are allowed by the application The main task of the manifest is to show the Android operating system the parts components of the application For example Xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt lt Manifest gt lt Application lt Activity Activity gt lt gt lt lt Application gt manifest gt The field name of the item lt activity gt contains the name of the subclass that implements the Activity The icon and the label field indicate the resource files containing an image and a label and it represents the activity The remaining components are defined in a similar way lt service gt information on services lt receiver gt data for broadcast receivers and lt provider gt data for content providers The activities the services and content providers that are not declared on the manifest file will not be visible to the system and therefore do not always run However the broadcast rec

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