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1. Viewpoint description Book View position 0 0 3 fieldOfView 0 7854 gt lt Shape gt lt Sphere gt lt Appearance gt lt Material gt lt Appearance gt lt Shape gt lt Scene gt lt X3D gt The first line contains the XML declaration The second line defines the type of the document and refer to the external X3D DTD link The DTD resides at the Web3D org website and it contains all X3D specifications The X3D code begins with the X3D element opening tag lt X3D gt and should end with the X3D closing tag lt X3D gt this represent the root element It also specifies the X3D 15 profile and version to be used and the xmlns attribute defines the X3D namespace The lt head gt tag is optional and can be used to include Meta data meta tags The lt Scene gt tag is where we can start to define the properties of the scene including the shapes and it should be ended with close tag lt Scene gt The lt Background gt tag can specify the background sky color used in the example above it is white as the colors in X3D should be defined as RGB values which has three floating point values between 0 and 1 separated by white spaces The lt Viewpoint gt tag determines where the camera should be placed and the viewing angle The lt Shape gt tag determine that we are about to define a shape in the scene which is a lt Sphere gt tag that is closed straight away and then the lt Appearance gt tag specify
2. 35 draw a colored circle in the place of the new point for clarity now assign the new point to the old point create a legend mark for the graphed column by the color close the SVG image file and send it to the default browser Pattern of display The eLineChart function will take the sorted result of the query a 2 dimensional array of double passed as argument from the charter function then translate the sorted array data to an SVG file format that contain the XML instructions for generating the graph It will also embed the generated SVG image into an html page and call the default Internet browser to display the page Note that the eLineChart function can compare multiple columns of data over a shared key column of data which in this case should be the first column of the data passed to the eLineChart function This first column will be presented as the X axis The eLineChart function can handle continues data and negative data so it can present any scope of data elements at a time Concerning scalability testing the AMOS database could handle 100000 data rows in less than a second and the browser rendering for the SVG image generated from that scope of data is really fast because of introducing a skip factor variable It will basically try to graph certain interval points and the line graph will connect between the gape This is a very effective method and can also be used in the regular lineChart function
3. Any foreign function written in Java when it is used inside an AMOSQL query should be side effect free the foreign function should not update the database the reason behind that is the query optimizer may rearrange the calling sequence of the functions used inside the query Foreign functions with side effects are better be used as stored procedures However there is no mechanism in the AMOS II system to distinguish between foreign function that have side effects or the ones that does not have side effects 2 Foreign functions in Java are methods of some user defined Java class stored in an external file that have the same name as the class When the class external file has been compiled with the Java compiler it can be loaded dynamically into AMOS II by creating a foreign function by specifying the file name and class of the method and the method name that should be linked with the foreign function The AMOS II system will load the class when the foreign function is defined The defined foreign function is saved into the database image When the AMSO II system is started with an image that contain foreign functions the system will try to load the class that contain the method before calling the foreign Java function 2 A simple foreign AMOS II function should have some parameters similar to any ordinary subroutine these parameters are represented as a tuple The driver program must contain the following parts to define foreign f
4. As a future work we can develop other graph types We can also integrate all the graph functions using the X3D vector graphics WebGL is also an option for generating the graphs however the final draft of its specifications have been released recently in February 2011 We can also try to implement such functionality into the AMOS II system using the C language interface for more advanced control And in this case it won t require running AMOS II from inside the Java virtual machine 41 References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Gustav Fahl and Tore Risch AMOS II Tutorial Uppsala Database Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden September 2009 Daniel Elin and Tore Risch AMOS II Java Interfaces Uppsala Database Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden March 2005 Tore Risch Vanja Josifovski and Timour Katchaounov Functional Data Integration in a Distributed Mediator System Uppsala University Sweden 2004 Staffan Flodin Martin Hansson Vanja Josifovski Timour Katchaounov Tore Risch Martin Sk ld and Erik Zeitler AMOS II User s Manual Uppsala Database Laboratory Uppsala University Sweden March 2005 Kjell Orsborn Tore Risch and Staffan Flodin Representing Matrices Using Multi Directional Foreign Functions UDBL
5. Conclusion and future WOFK cece esee esee esee ies esee se sees seen 41 References eire crear ek E b P on n Ua er c He a n OPE Oa EACUEOCE CER CX E CE ER CET OE 42 1 Introduction Data visualization is the graphical representation of information Bar charts Scatter graphs and Maps are examples of simple data visualizations that have been used for decades Data visualization was actually developed more than 400 years ago 7 Information technology combines the principles of visualization with powerful applications and large data sets to create extensive images and animations And as a result for the advances in technology data visualization is now rapidly becoming sophisticated and is destined to become an important part of the process of understanding the data 6 7 Language is a subjective coding system for ideas realities and experiences But through the last decade the disadvantages of text based language have become very evident Our text based input output through rate just can t cope with the amounts of information we deal with today 7 Getting to the point data which is presented graphically is easier to read and also take less time to understand AMOS II is a main memory object relational database system developed at Uppsala Database Laboratory UDBL AMOS II is a mediator system which integrates multiple potentially different and distributed data sources With a query language called AMOSQL users can execute o
6. codebase http www adobe com svg viewer install gt 3 Using the lt iframe gt Tag this works in most browsers Below is the syntax for using the lt iframe gt tag lt iframe src rect svg width 300 height 100 gt lt iframe gt 14 SVG has a lot of predefined shape elements that can be used and manipulated by developers it also have Filters that can add special effects to shapes and texts and multiple effects can be used on each element SVG also has two main types of gradients Linear Gradients and Radial Gradients they can smooth the transition from one color to another Again several color transitions can be applied to the same element For more information about the SVG elements filters and gradients you can check the SVG tutorial in the W3schools website 12 For more information about the upcoming SVG news and updates please go the SVG website 10 2 3 5 X3D file syntax The below example is a simple X3D file X3D files must be saved with the x3d extension lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt DOCTYPE X3D PUBLIC ISO Web3D DTD X3D 3 1 EN http www web3d org specifications x3d 3 1 dtd gt lt X3D profile Interchange version 3 1 xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xsd noNamespaceSchemaLocation http www web3d org specifications x3d 3 1 xsd gt lt head gt lt head gt lt Scene gt lt Background skyColor 1 1 1 gt
7. other functions that facilitate the process for them these helper functions are 3 3 1 Tuple to Array converter Now after we managed to get the result from any query to be sorted and passed to our foreign function there should be a special method in the Java class that can convert this data which we received as a Tuple to a simple 2 dimensional array This conversion is important to make the processing of the data easier and error pron There are two functions in the Java class responsible to make this conversion public static double bTupleToArray Tuple tpl throws AmosException and public static double lTupleToArray Tuple tpl throws AmosException 20 The only difference between the functions is that the bTupleToArray convert the received data to a 2 dimensional array of double type and also retrieve any string data in the query result to another one dimensional array of string type data as a possible data to use for building a legend for the Bar chart function BarChart 3 3 2 The charter function The charter function is responsible for receiving the foreign function argument data from the AMOS II system the chart type variable and the actual sorted result from the AMOSQL query and processes them accordingly It will resolve the first argument to determine the requested chart type that should be used to display the query result graphically Then it will pass the data result from the AMOSQL query to the app
8. the columns and round it the columns and round it the maximum value then te minimum value the maximum value above the number of data rows including the dimensions of and scaling parameters draw the axis with the appropriate axis styles defin a new decimal format to use with the labels divide divide divide to the draw the gray label the Y axis at if th the Y axis by 8 gray lines for clarity the X axis to sections by gray lines for clarity number of elements could not be presented on the graph then nearest possible presentation for the X axis line and put an appropriate label under it each section by the right value using maximum Y calculate the number of points to be graphed and write the legend label if the number of points to be graphed are more than a specified number then cal scalabil start of drawing initialize lity issue the first point with origin lculate a skip factor to skip between the points This is done for the line graph for each column of data 0 0 for each row value in the column do the following check the skip factor to determine if the point should be graphed cu cal cal cu ate ate the new point the new point posi posi tion on tion on the X axis the Y axis draw a colored line from the old point to the new point
9. AMOS gt create function display object ct Bag of Object x gt object as select charter ct sort x And the Java class method definition for the foreign function is like below public void charter CallContext cxt Tuple tpl throws AmosException In the following sections we will describe each of the graph functions separately and what should be passed as the ct variable to determine the requested graph function For displaying the syntax help for the display foreign function inside AMOS II system just call it like below AMOS gt display help 3 4 1 Bar graph generator Bar graphs are good for showing how data change over time as they can display discrete data in separate columns From there advantages is that they can show each category of data in a frequency distribution display proportions of multiple categories can summarize huge data in simple easy to understand visual form visually strong show data trends better than tables and they also grant a visual check of the accuracy and reasonableness of the data However they require additional information for explaining and they can t reveal causes effects or patterns 15 16 18 23 How to call from AMOS It should be called by passing either an integer 1 or a string barchart as the first argument value and placing a query as a second argument of the display derived function the display function will sort and convert the result of the query to a
10. AMOS II system 2 The client server connection The Java application runs as a client to an AMOS II server this connection allows several Java applications to connect to the same AMOS II server concurrently The Java application and the AMOS server run as different programs but the overhead for calling the AMOS II server from another program is several hundred times slower than the tight connection 2 2 2 2 The callout interface With the callout interface AMOS II functions call methods written in Java language Each foreign AMOS II function can be implemented by one or several Java methods These foreign functions in AMOS II can be multi directional which means that they can have inverses that are separately defined they can also be indexed Furthermore these foreign functions are allowed to use the callin interface to access the AMOS II system again this will gives great flexibility and will allow Java methods to act like stored procedures 2 The callout interface is implemented through a mechanism called the multi directional foreign function interface this means that we can use Java to access external databases and make these databases fully available in AMOS II 3 Any program called through the callout interface always run in the same address space as the AMOS II server as these programs will be invoked from AMOS II With the Java callout interface it is easy to extend AMOS II with simple foreign AMOS II functions written in Java
11. For example you should include D amos2 bin in path field of the CLASSPATH variable e Restart your system e Now you can run AMOS from the Java virtual machine by calling the command procedure gt javaamos database image file gt javaamos bat requires as first parameter the exact path to a database image file default is amos2 dmp After that you will enter the AMOS II top loop as with amos2 exe but inside the Java virtual machine 17 3 2 The theory behind the work We learnt previously on AMOS II background section that by using the AMOS II callout interface we can extend the AMOS II system with foreign functions that can perform almost anything using user defined Java class 2 2 2 2 The callout interface The problem is that for us to create charts from the result of a query we need to pass the whole query result to the foreign function that we will create In other words the defined foreign function should accept any query as an input parameter For example the below query is from the Demo database for the World Cup series that is available with the AMOS II tutorial 1 It will return a list of the years of the Football World Cup tournaments with the host name of each year and the number of teams that have participated in that tournament AMOS gt select year t name host t count participating teams t from Tournament t We should be able to get the result from the above query as a displayed chart in
12. Java method structure public void plotChart double temp establishing a buffer writer for the output SVG file get the maximum value for the X axis and round it get the maximum value for the Y axis from all the columns and round it calculate the both axis scaling factors using the maximum values above start writing the header for the SVG file including the dimensions of the image file translate and scaling parameters draw the axis with the appropriate axis styles define a new decimal format to use with the labels divide the Y axis by 4 or 8 sections by gray lines for clarity divide the X axis to 4 or 8 sections by gray lines for clarity label the Y axis at each section by the right values using maximum Y 32 label the X axis at each section by the right values using maximum X start plotting the dots on the plot graph for each Column of data for each row of data do the following calculate the point position on the X axis calculate the point position on the Y axis draw a colored circle in the calculated point position create a legend mark for the graphed column by the color close the SVG image file and send it to the default browser Pattern of display The plotChart function will take the sorted result of the query a 2 dimensional array of double passed as argument from the charter function then tran
13. Uppsala University Sweden 2004 Educause Learning Initiative 7 things you should know about Data Visualization www educause edu eli October 2007 Oren Frank and Michael Miller Why Data Visualization Is About to Become Very Important http adage com digitalnext post article_id 145345 November 2010 Oracle Technology Network Java SE 6 Documentation http download oracle com javase 6 docs Oracle Technology Network Java Programming Language http download oracle com javase 6 docs technotes guides language The World Wide Web Consortium W3C Scalable Vector Graphics SVG 1 1 http www w3 org TR SVG June 2010 W3Schools Introduction to XML http www w3schools com xml xml whatis asp David Duce Ivan Herman Bob Hopgood SVG Tutorial Oxford Brookes University and the World Wide Web Consortium http www w3 org 2002 Talks www2002 svgtut ih hwtut pdf The World Wide Web Consortium W3C SVG Transforms 1 0 http www w3 org TR SVG Transforms March 2009 The World Wide Web Consortium W3C Extensible Markup Language http www w3 org XML arahan net TID Chapter 5 Introduction to Charts and Graph yeungzanes org Statistical Graphs http math youngzones org stat_graph html Ncsu edu Graphing Resources http www ncsu edu labwrite res gh gh linegraph html University of Illinois Carolyn s Unit on Graphing http mste illinois
14. Vector type argument and pass both the arguments ct and sorted vector query result to the charter foreign function For example display barchart select year t name host t count participating teams t from Tournament t Or display 1 select year t name host t count participating teams t from Tournament t Note that the string barchart is NOT case sensitive So as long as the characters are the same it does not matter It will be recognized by the charter foreign function Java method structure public void barChart double temp establishing a buffer writer for the output SVG file get the maximum value for the Y axis and round it appropriately calculate the Y axis scaling factor using the maximum value above start writing the header for the SVG file including the dimensions of the image translate and scaling parameters draw the axis with the appropriate axis styles divide the Y axis by 4 gray lines for clarity define a new decimal format to use with the labels label the Y axis at each section by the right value using maximum Y start of drawing the bars on the X axis by calculating the No of rows calculate the bar height using the Y axis scaling factor calculate the position of the bar on the X axis now draw the bar in the calculated position now label under the bar with an appropriate value label
15. a new title entry in the file by entering zero 0 The SVGTitles csv file can be edited by any text editor or by any sheet editor like MS Excel to edit the component values which are in the following order Graph title X axis label Y axis label Z axis label legend componens 1 legend componens 2 etc 21 3 3 5 The initialization foreign function Beside the main charter foreign function there is also the initvg foreign function This function is responsible about initializing certain parameters in the SVGenerator class These parameters are important because they control the way the graphs will appear The definition for the initialization function in AMOSQL is like below AMOS gt create function initsvg object ct Vector v gt object as foreign JAVA SVGenerator initvg AMOS gt create function initvg object ct Bag of Object x gt object as select initsvg ct vectorof x Below are parameters that you can change using the initvg foreign function and the arguments that should be passed to it To change the default colors for the 2D graphs you can call AMOS gt initvg 2dcolor bagof Optional Group value R G B examples AMOS gt initvg 2dcolor bagof 255 255 255 176 26 200 0 0 0 This will change the first three default colors with above RGB colors AMOS gt initvg 2dcolor bagof 0 295 255 255 2 176 26 200 4 0 0 0 This will change the first third and fifth
16. default colors with above RGB colors To change the default colors for the 3D graphs you can call AMOS gt initvg 3dcolor bagof Optional Group value R G B examples AMOS gt initvg 3dcolor bagof 255 255 255 176 26 200 0 0 0 This will change the first three default colors with above RGB colors AMOS gt initvg 3dcolor bagof 0 255 255 255 2 176 26 200 4 0 0 0 This will change the first third and fifth default colors with above RGB colors To change the sky background color for the 3D graphs you can call AMOS gt initvg 3dbackground ST ST black OR white default black To change the opening destination of the generated graph you can call AMOS gt initvg destination ST ST browser OR viewer default browser To assign a specific viewer path for SVG images you can call AMOS gt initvg SVGviewer ST ST default OR VIEWER FILE PATH To assign a specific viewer path for X3D scenes you can call AMOS gt initvg X3Dviewer ST ST default OR VIEWER FILE PATH To change the point radius for the 3D plot graphs you can call AMOS gt initvg 3DPointRadius FL FL 0 02 0 002 default 0 01 To change the point radius for the 2D plot graphs you can call AMOS gt initvg 2DPointRadius INT INT 1 5 default 3 To change the Line Width of the Line graphs you can call AMOS gt initvg LineWidth INT INT 1 3 default 2 For displaying the above syntax
17. descendant of AMOS which has its roots in a main memory version of Hewlett Packard s DBMS IRIS The whole database is stored in main memory and is stored on disk only through specific commands AMOS II can be used as a single user database a multi user server or as a collection of interacting AMOS II multi database peers 1 AMOS II is an object relational peer DBMS database management system having a declarative query language which called AMOSQL The AMOSQL is an object relational and functional query language that allows different kinds of distributed data sources to be queried Furthermore wrappers can be defined for different kinds of data sources and external storage managers accessed to make them accept these queries 1 4 Please be advised that this report is not intended to teach you AMOS II for proper understanding of the AMOS II database system you should refer to the AMOS II website 19 where you can find tutorial in depth user manual and other important information related to the AMOS II system This report will assume that you have sufficient knowledge about the AMOS II system and its query language AMOSQL However we will explain some sections in depth if they are related to the work which has been done in this project 2 1 1 Data Model Everything in an AMOS II database is represented as objects both user defined and system objects There are two types of objects literal objects and surrogate objects Each sur
18. edu courses ci330ms youtsey intro html AMOS II website http user it uu se udbl amos W3C Graphics on the Web http www w3 org Graphics Wikipedia X3D http en wikipedia org wiki X3D Web3D What is X3D http www web3d org about overview Wikipedia WebGL http en wikipedia org wiki WebGL X3D graphics Learning X3D http x3dgraphics com The AMOS II system download website http user it uu se udbl amos The Java virtual machine download website http www oracle com technetwork java index html Wikipedia List of vector graphics markup languages http en wikipedia org wiki List of vector graphics markup languages W3C Vector Markup Language http www w3 org TR NOTE VML Web3D Virtual Reality Modeling Language http www web3d org x3d vrml LightHouse3D VRML Interactive Tutorial http www lighthouse3d com vrml tutorial Wikipedia Extensible Application Markup Language http en wikipedia org wiki Extensible Application Markup Language Media Machines Flux Player and Flux Studio http mediamachines wordpress com flux player and flux studio 42
19. features XAML files can be created and edited with visual design tools such as Microsoft Expression Blend and Microsoft Visual Studio They can also be created and edited 11 with a standard text editor a code editor such as XAMLPad or a graphical editor such as Vector Architect Anything that is created or implemented in XAML can be expressed using a more traditional NET language such as C or Visual Basic NET However a key aspect of the technology is the reduced complexity needed for tools to process XAML because it is based on XML As a result a variety of products are emerging particularly in the WPF space which create XAML based applications As XAML is simply based on XML developers and designers can share and edit content freely among themselves without requiring compilation 31 XAML is generally used to create user interfaces for applications 2 3 3 3 Virtual Reality Modeling Language VRML VRML is also known as Virtual Reality Markup Language is a standard file format for representing 3 dimensional 3D interactive vector graphics designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind The Web3D Consortium has been formed to further the collective development of the format VRML and its successor X3D have been accepted as international standards by the International Organization for Standardization ISO The first version of VRML was specified in November 1994 This version was specified from and ve
20. help inside AMOS II system just call the initvg foreign function like below AMOS gt initvg help 22 3 4 The main chart functions The implemented SVGenerator Java class has six main graph functions which they will be called from AMOS II by one foreign function These graphs represent the most general chart types that are used to represent data graphically They are Bar graphs Line graphs Extended Bar Graphs Scatter Plot graphs Extended Line graphs and the 3D plotter graph Each of which has its own advantages disadvantages and way of presenting the data 15 But we have to mention that for the SVGenerator class to work the AMOS II system should work inside the Java virtual machine And the SVGenerator java should be compiled by the Java compiler and the generated class file SVGenerator class should be placed in the Java classes folder This will allow the AMOS II system to load the class when the foreign function is defined After that the foreign function are ready to be called There is only one foreign function definition in AMOS II system which will allow us to call any of the charting functions that we desire The only different is the chart type ct variable that we will pass during the foreign function call The definition for the foreign function display in AMOS II is like below AMOS gt create function charter object ct Vector v gt object as foreign JAVA SVGenerator charter
21. inside the bar with the actual Y axis value create a legend table for colors used close the SVG image file and send it to the default browser 24 Pattern of display The barChart function will take the sorted result of the query a 2 dimensional array of double passed as argument from the charter function and then translate the array data to an SVG file format that contain the XML instructions for generating the graph Note that only the first and second column of the array will be used for generating the graph first column as the X axis It will also embed the generated SVG image into an html page and call the default Internet browser to display the page The BarChart function cannot handle continues data so it can only present up to 25 data elements at a time And that means no scalability issues For example the result from the query above will be displayed using the barChart function in the browser like below E uruguay EE italy EN France 9 mW Brazil ps Switzerland INNEN Sweden EN Chile 6 E England GE Mexico E Germany ys Argentina GE Spain IW Mexico NN Italy Another example below that show a different type of dummy data converted to graph using the barChart function 24 25 3 4 2 Line graph generator Line graphs are popular way to represent continues data they are most used than all other graphs combined Their visual characteristics reveal data trends clearly and they are easy t
22. top loop or from Java by calling the method execute The definition needs to be done only one time Then it can be saved in the database image file the system will dynamically load the definition again when the AMOS II system is initialized with database image file 2 5 For more information about the AMOS II Java interfaces you should read the proper documentation of the AMOS II Java API 2 19 2 3 Vector Graphics SVG and X3D SVG is a markup language for describing two dimensional graphics applications and images and a set of related graphics script interfaces which is developed and maintained by the W3C SVG Working Group 10 X3D is a royalty free open standard file format and run time architecture to represent 3D scenes and objects using XML It is an ISO standard that provides a system for the storage retrieval and playback of real time graphics content embedded in applications all within an open architecture that support a wide range of domains and user scenarios 21 22 2 3 1 about SVG SVG 1 1 is the most recent version of the full specification and it is a W3C Recommendation a second edition of SVG 1 1 which have some improvements and clarifications based on developer feedback is currently in Last Call There is also a mobile devices version which is a W3C Recommendation too called SVG Tiny 1 2 SVG 2 is currently under development and will add new ease of use features to SVG as well as more closely integrati
23. D has many features that made us use it for generating the 3D graphs in the project 22 e XML integrated this is a key to integration with web services e Componentized this allows lightweight core 3D runtime delivery engine e Evolutionary easily updated and preserve VRML97 content as X3D e Broadcast Embedded Application Ready can work on mobile phones to supercomputers e Real Time graphics are high quality real time interactive and include audio and video as well as 3D data e Well Specified makes it easier to build conformant consistent and bug free implementations e It also supports 3D graphics and programmable shaders 2D graphics animation user interaction navigation and scripting e X3D applet is a software program that runs within a web browser that displays content in 3D using OpenGL 3D graphics technology to display X3D content in several different browsers IE Safari Firefox across several different operating systems Windows Mac OS X Linux 21 X3D strives to become the 3D standard for the Web integrated in the HTML5 pages like other XML dialects MathML SVG X3DOM is a proposed syntax model and its implementation as a script library that shows how this integration can be done without a browser plugin using only WebGL and JavaScript 21 2 3 3 6 WebGL WebGL is a context of the canvas HTML element that provides a 3D graphics API implemented in a web browser without the use of plug ins The WebGL s
24. IT 11 019 Examensarbete 45 hp April 2011 Displaying Query Results in AMOS II Graphically using SVG amp X3D Miran Ismaiel Nadir Institutionen for informationsteknologi Department of Information Technology UNIVERSITET Teknisk naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH enheten Bes ksadress Angstr mlaboratoriet Lagerhyddsvagen 1 Hus 4 Plan 0 Postadress Box 536 751 21 Uppsala Telefon 018 471 30 03 Telefax 018 471 30 00 Hemsida http www teknat uu se student Abstract Displaying Query Results in AMOS II Graphically using SVG amp X3D Miran Ismaiel Nadir There are a lot of tools and libraries on the internet that can represent data visually from various database engines but these tools or libraries are all commercial products and they do not provide a way to customize the source code for your own needs Add to that none of these tools and libraries support representing data from AMOSII which is a main memory object relational database system developed by Uppsala Database Laboratory UDBL We thought it will be interesting to have a tool that can display the result of an AMOSQL query graphically e g Chart that will help the viewer to better understand the result of the query It will also serve the purpose of aiding the teaching staff in the University to better formulate course assignments for related courses Our work will certainly aid the faculty members and other students who may be inter
25. XPath X3D has a rich set of componentized features allows lightweight core 3D runtime delivery engine that can tailored for use in engineering and scientific visualization 10 CAD and architecture medical visualization training and simulation multimedia entertainment education and more X3D is an XML integrated which enable it to be integrated with web services distributed networks and cross platforms X3D is also extensible which means it allows components to be added to extend functionality for vertical market applications and services evolutionary easy to update and preserve VRML97 content as X3D and support real time graphics are high quality interactive and include audio and video as well as 3D data 2 3 3 Comparing SVG and X3D to other vector graphic formats As we mentioned earlier we are planning to visualize a query result and display the result in a graphical format using vector graphic markup language Therefore we have to choose a preferable vector graphic format that is extendable and maintainable However there is no limit in the Web specifications to the vector graphical formats that can be used but certain formats are more widely understood than others certain formats are more suited to one type of graphical data than another so we have to make an informative choice about what format to use for our project 20 There are many vector graphics markup languages to chose from like 2D vector graphic
26. a compiler This can be done in different ways the simplest way for that is by executing the below command from the command prompt gt javac MyForeignFunctions java Pay attention that the path to the Java SDK directory should be defined in the system paths for this to work in Windows operating systems For more information about compiling Java see the appropriate references 8 9 The class is dynamically loaded to AMOS II with the below function resolvent by executing the AMOSQL statement create function lt Foreign Function Name gt lt Argument Declaration gt gt lt Result Declaration gt as foreign JAVA lt Java Class Name gt lt Method Name gt For example AMOS gt create function sqroot real x gt real r as foreign JAVA MyForeignFunctions sqroot Where Foreign Function Name is the AMOSQL name of the foreign function Argument Declaration is the type and variable declaration of its argument s Result Declaration is the type and variable declaration of its results The string JAVA indicates that the foreign function is implemented in Java Java Class Name is the name of the class file where the function is implemented and it is case sensitive and finally the Method Name is the name of the method that is implementing the foreign function Pay attention that the Foreign Function Name is not necessarily be the same as the Method Name The definition can be done by an AMOSQL command in the
27. ake bag of object as their argument 2 1 5 Aggregate functions So our foreign function definition should be something like below AMOS gt create function chart Bag of Object x gt object as foreign JAVA SVGenerator charter 18 As we see in the definition above the AMOS II foreign function chart takes the argument Bag of Object x and will be linked to the Java method charter in the SVGenerator Java class Now all the result from any AMOSQL query will be passed through to the corresponding Java method linked with the foreign function But that leave us with another problem According to the foreign function implementation which we mentioned in section 2 1 3 3 Foreign functions the definition for the above AMOS II foreign function chart in Java should be like below public void charter CallContext cxt Tuple tpl throws AmosException unction code And the argument tpl should hold all the query result from the AMOS II system But when we try to retrieve the data result from the query we find that it is impossible to find the type of the received data through the tpl argument The reason is that we didn t pass only the data from the query result But we passed also an object structure which cannot be identified by the callin and the callout java libraries included with the AMOS II system So we have to change the way we pass the data to the foreign function for this we impleme
28. are the same it does not matter It will be recognized by the charter foreign function Java method structure public void plotChart3D double temp establishing a buffer writer for the output X3D file get the maximum value for the X and Y axis get the minimum value for the X and Y axis if the absolute minimum value is greater than the maximum value then make the maximum value equal to the absolute minimum value for both axis get the maximum value for the Z axis from all the columns get the minimum value for the Z axis from all the columns if the absolute minimum value is greater than the maximum value then make the maximum value equal to the absolute minimum value for Z axis 38 calculate the X axis scaling factor using the maximum value above calculate the Y axis scaling factor using the maximum value above calculate the Z axis scaling factor using the maximum value above start writing the header for the X3D file including the dimensions of the image file translate and scaling parameters define the axes with the appropriate axes styles and labels define a new decimal format to use with the labels start of plotting the points on the plot graph for each column of data calculate the point position on the X axis calculate the point position on the Y axis calculate the point position
29. bject oriented queries over these heterogeneous data sources 1 4 these query results can be huge for some databases This large amount of data results can be difficult to be understood as it is Based on the point above it is important to have a tool that can convert these query result to a form of presentation that is more understandable than text based So the project ahead will describe this tool which we developed that can generate different types of charts from various query results and display the output as an SVG image or X3D scene inside any Internet browser The resulted html page can be saved searched indexed and compressed because it is text based data The aim of this report is to describe our project and give an overview of the main functions in the Java library and the underlying theory behind each of the chart presentations Results of each function how to integrate it into any database and differences between each function are discussed We will also discuss why we used SVG and X3D and we will compare them with other types of vector graphic presentation that are available 2 Background This section gives an overview about the different parts of this project it will help the reader to get a picture of each of the related subjects separately from each other This will make it easier for the reader to link the different subjects together when we discuss our work in more in depth approach 2 1 AMOS II AMOS II is a
30. by the name sqroot which should be defined like below public void sqroot CallContext cxt Tuple tpl throws AmosException Foreign functions are important in our work as a matter of fact all the work which is done though this project is accomplished using foreign functions We will discuss the Java API in more detail in the upcoming sections 2 1 3 4 Stored procedures Stored procedures are functions having side effects such as updating the database Stored procedures will not be discussed in this report 2 1 4 Functions that apply to Bag of Values In AMOS II there are functions that return a bag set of values if such a function is called by another function the caller function will be applied to each element of the result from the set valued function 1 For example if function last_name is returning a bag of string and the function get_first_name called it as below AMOS gt get_first_name last_name x Then the function get_first_name will be applied on each element of the resulting strings which has been returned by the last_name function This is called Daplex semantics because it was first invented in the functional query language Daplex which is an ancestor of AMOSQL 2 1 5 Aggregate functions Aggregate functions compute aggregate values over bags For example sum returns the sum of a number of values count counts the number of values Aggregate functions have somewhat differen
31. e them This form can be called by passing an integer 10 or a string PlotchartSP as the first argument For all forms we should place a query as a second argument of the display derived function the display function will sort and convert the result of the query to a Vector type argument and pass both the arguments ct and sorted vector query result to the charter foreign function First form example 31 display PlotChart select spectators m count participating players m goals m from Match m where year played_in m 1958 Or display 4 select spectators m count participating players m goals m from Match m where year played in m 1958 Second form example display SPlotChart select spectators m count participating players m from Match m where year played in m 1958 Or display 9 select spectators m count participating players m from Match m where year played in m 1958 Third form example display PlotChartSP select spectators m count participating players m from Match m where year played in m 1958 Or display 10 select spectators m count participating players m from Match m where year played in m 1958 Note that the strings PlotChart SPlotChart and PlotChartSP are NOT case sensitive As long as the characters are the same it does not matter It will be recognized by the charter foreign function
32. eBarChart function cannot handle continues data so it can only present up to 40 data elements at a time Data rows Number of columns lt 40 And that means no scalability issues For example the result from the query above will be displayed using the eBarChart function in the browser like below Data Row 1 INN Data Row 2 30 Another example below that show a different type of dummy data converted to graph using the eBarChart function 3 Data Row 1 INN Data Row 2 INN Data Row 3 24 3 4 4 Scatter plot graph generator The scatter plot graph displays the relationship between two columns of the data it can also plot multiple data sets with shared key column They can show a trend in the relationships between the data they also retain the exact data values and their sample size But they require the data to be continues on both axes and can t visualize huge data samples 16 18 How to call from AMOS There are three forms of plotter graphs the first one can compare multiple datasets over a shared key column and it is called by passing either an integer 4 or a string PlotChart as the first argument value The second form can plot separated 2D point groups this form can be called by passing either an integer 9 or a string SPlotChart as the first argument The third form can plot stream 2D points x y which can also be grouped by third column to break the points stream to groups and compar
33. effective way using the AMOS II java interfaces libraries The SVGenerator is generating the graph images using Scalable Vector Graphics SVG and the 3D graph using X3D SVG is a language for describing two dimensional graphics and graphical applications in XML and it s a W3C Recommendation The SVG is supported by all the major internet browsers nowadays X3D is the ISO standard XML based file format for representing 3D computer graphics it has the ability to encode the scene using an XML syntax X3D also benefits from other open source standards like XML DOM and XPath Internet browsers need a plug in to be able to display X3D scenes This class can be a base for more advanced and sophisticated graphing types as it explains the theory behind the integration and the way of handling the acquired data The class itself can be edited and the current graphing functions to be tailored according to the needs They can also display additional information that will help to explain certain types of graphs and assist the viewer in understanding the graph More arguments can also be added to the main foreign function for specifying the X and the Y axis in the result data The SVGenerator class code is time and processor efficient it can dynamically generate an SVG graph image for a range of 100000 data rows in less than a second But the real time consuming issue is when the browser is rendering the SVG image or the X3D scene on the screen
34. er plug in rendering for the X3D scene generated from that scope of data is slow As an example the result from the query above will be displayed using the plotChart3D function in the browser like below 39 This is the 3D Plot Chart graph Title using X3D vector graphics Legend X axis The value of X Y axis The Function result over X Z axis The Function result over X X axis Max Value 10 0 Y axis Max Value 0 9999987317275395 Z axis Max Value 0 9999996829318346 Color 1 X Cos x Sin x Other scene example using dummy data generated by the second calling form This is the 3D Plot Chart graph Title using X3D vector graphics Legend X axis The value of X Y axis The Function result over X Z axis The Function result over X X axis Max Value 49 0 Y axis Max Value 49 0 Z axis Max Value 79 0 Color 1 X Cos x Sin x Other example using cluster data from the Data Mining 1 course plotted by third from Stream Points 3D Plot graph Title using X3D vector graphics 40 Legend X axis Y axis Z axis X axis Max Value 3 4961 Y axis Max Value 2 5393 Z axis Max Value 1 2901 data points 1 data points 3 4 Conclusion and future work The SVGenerator java class can provide integrated basic graphing functions for the AMOS II system It can simply be used to generate six basic chart types from the data results of any AMOSQL query The integration with the AMOS II system is done in a very
35. ested in continuing through this project and make it an extensive library which can represent data results from AMOSII queries as other types of charts Through this project we have developed a java library that can take the result of any AMOSQL query and display the results graphically in six different types of charts graphs We have used SVG Scalable Vector Graphics and X3D Extensible 3D Graphics for generating the graphs SVG is a specification language using XML Extensible Markup Language file format for describing two dimensional vector graphics The SVG specification is an open standard and the most recent version 1 1 is a World Wide Web Consortium W3C recommendation It is supported by all the major browsers that mean the query result can be displayed on any device that has an Internet browser X3D is the ISO standard XML based file format for representing 3D computer graphics it is the successor to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language VRML It supports the ability to encode the scene using XML syntax as well as the Open Inventor like syntax of VRML97 or binary formatting and enhanced application programming interfaces APIs However it requires plug in for regular browsers to be able to open X3D scene The X3D has been used to generate the 3D Plot graph function Handledare Kjell Orsborn Amnesgranskare Tore Risch Examinator Anders Jansson IT 11 019 Tryckt av Reprocentralen ITC I would like to dedicate this work t
36. etter for time critical application and more advanced system extensions 2 There are some advantages for using the Java interface instead of the C language interface 1 Programming errors in the Java code won t cause AMOS II to crash But programming errors in C can cause very bad system errors In the other hand The Lisp interfaces are safer than C but not safer than the Java interfaces 2 The garbage collector in Java will de allocate memory automatically but in C memory de allocation must be done manually and this is a very error prone task Lisp also has automatic garbage collection 3 Java has extensive libraries for user interfaces and web access Which they can be used too by AMOS II through its Java interfaces The disadvantages of the Java interface is that it is slower and limited compared to the C and Lisp interfaces 2 2 2 2 AMOS II Java interfaces There are two ways to communicate between a Java program and the AMOS II system the first one is called the callin interface and the second called the callout interface Our work has been accomplished using the callout interface however we will explain both interfaces below 2 2 2 1 The callin interface The callin interface is similar to the call level interfaces for relational databases such as ODBC JDBC etc it will be used when a Java program calls the AMOS II system The callin interface provides two ways to call AMOS II system from a Java program 2 1 T
37. he embedded query interface there is a Java method provided that can pass strings that contain AMOSQL statements to the AMOS II system to be evaluated dynamically There are other methods provided which they can access the results from these dynamically evaluated AMOSQL statements The embedded query interface is slow because these AMOSQL statements are parsed and compiled at runtime 2 The fast path interface which AMOS II functions that have been predefined in the AMOS II system are called as Java methods this will remove the overhead of dynamically parsing and executing AMOSQL statements The fast path is much faster than the embedded query interface So it is recommended to make AMOS II derived functions and stored procedures for every operation performed by the application and use the fast path interface to call them directly There are also two ways to handle the connection between applications programs and the AMOS II system 2 1 The tight connection where AMOS II is linked directly with a Java application program as an embedded database in the application This will provide the fastest possible interface between the application and the AMOS II system as they are both run in the same address space That mean they must run on the same computer which is a disadvantage another disadvantage of this connection is that only a single Java application can be linked to AMOS II however many Java threads in the application can access the
38. how the Sphere should be displayed in the above example we specified a lt Material gt tag to be used for drawing the Sphere Then the closing tags for both the lt Appearance gt tag and the lt Shape gt tag The x3d file above should be embedded into an html page to be displayed the x3d file can be opened by its own if there is a program specified with such extension The html page should embed the x3d file as object For example if we assume that we have an X3D file with the name hello x3d we can embed it into an html page as below lt DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC W3C DTD HTML 4 01 Transitional EN html head title TITLE OF THE HTML DOCUMENT lt title gt lt head gt lt body gt lt object data hello x3d type model x3dt xml height 600 width 800 gt lt param name src value hello x3d lt body gt lt html gt Take note that the object tag also specifies the height and width of the object inside the html page 16 3 Displaying query results in AMOS II graphically The project work consisted of two main parts for the chart functions the AMOS II part which is done by creating one foreign function definition for all of the charting functions and the Java method representing the foreign function in the Java class We will describe both parts for each of the charting functions separately and specify the advantages for each one of the charting fu
39. it to the default browser Pattern of display The lineChart function will take the sorted result of the query a 2 dimensional array of double passed as argument from the charter function then translate the sorted array data to an SVG file format that contain the XML instructions for generating the graph It will also embed the generated SVG image into an html page and call the default Internet browser to display the page Note that the lineChart function can compare multiple columns of data over a shared key column of data which in this case should be the first column of the data passed to the lineChart function This first column will be presented as the X axis The LineChart function can handle continues data so it can present any scope of data elements at a time But concerning scalability testing the AMOS database could handle 100000 data rows in less than a second but the browser rendering for the SVG image generated from that scope of data got noticeably slow As an example the result from the query above will be displayed using the lineChart function in the browser like below 27 12 Legend Data Row 1 Data Row 2 Another example below that show a different type of dummy data converted to graph using the lineChart function 32 Legend Data Row 1 Data Row 2 Data Row 3 28 3 4 3 Extended bar graph generato
40. l the columns and round it calculate the Y axis scaling factor using the maximum value above calculate the X axis scaling factor using the number of data rows start writing the header for the SVG file including the dimensions of the image file translate and scaling parameters draw the axis with the appropriate axis styles define a new decimal format to use with the labels divide the Y axis by 4 gray lines for clarity divide the X axis to sections by gray lines for clarity if the number of elements could not be presented on the graph then 26 divide to the nearest possible presentation for the X axis draw the gray line and put an appropriate label under it label the Y axis at each section by the right value using maximum Y calculate the number of points to be graphed and write the legend label start of drawing the line graph for each column of data initialize the first point with origin 0 0 for each row value in the column do the following calculate the new point position on the X axis calculate the new point position on the Y axis draw a colored line from the old point to the new point draw a colored circle in the place of the new point for clarity now assign the new point to the old point create a legend mark for the graphed column by the color close the SVG image file and send
41. languages Ex XAML MathML Vector Markup Language and Scalable Vector Graphics 27 and the 3D vector graphic languages Ex Xgl 3DXML VRML X3D 27 There are also graphic APIs that are used for 3D web graphics like WebGL We will describe some of those languages below 2 3 3 1 Vector Markup Language VML VML was submitted as a proposed standard to the W3C in 1998 by Autodesk Hewlett Packard Macromedia Microsoft and Visio At the same time other competing W3C submissions were received in the area of web vector graphics such as PGML from Adobe Systems Sun Microsystems and others As a result of these submissions a new W3C working group was created which produced Scalable Vector Graphics SVG which became a W3C Recommendation in 2001 as a language for describing two dimensional vector and mixed vector raster graphics in XML VML has been largely deprecated in favor of other formats such as SVG 2 3 3 2 Extensible Application Markup Language XAML XAML is a declarative XML based language created by Microsoft which is used to initialize structured values and objects It is available under Microsoft s Open Specification Promise XAML is used extensively in NET Framework 3 0 amp NET Framework 4 0 technologies particularly Windows Presentation Foundation WPF Silverlight and Windows Workflow Foundation WF In WPF XAML is used as a user interface markup language to define UI elements data binding events and other
42. nctions But before we get to the main chart function that intended to extend the AMOS II system We will first explain how to setup the AMOS II environment with Java language interface and we will also explain the theory behind our work 3 1 Setting up the environment We should follow these steps for setting up the AMOS environment e Download the AMOS II system from their website 25 e Extract the downloaded archive folder to a directory for example D Namos2 e Go to the bin folder in the extracted files and you can lunch the AMOS II system by running the executable file amos2 exe But in order to allow the AMOS II system to use the Java interfaces we should be able to run the AMOS system from the Java virtual machine This is done by following the below additional steps e Download and setup the Java virtual machine from the oracle website 26 if you don t have it yet e Set the environment variables by going to the Control Panel gt System gt Advanced page and then click on the Environment Variables button Then in the user variables edit the PATH variable and at the end of the other paths add the path to the AMOS II bin folder If the above directory was the AMOS II directory then you should add this path at the end D amos2 bin if you couldn t find the PATH variable then create it Then edit or create new CLASSPATH variable in the user variables and include the path to the javaamos jar file in the path field
43. ng with HTML CSS and the DOM Document Object Model The SVG platform is for two dimensional graphics It consists of two parts an XML based file format and an API for programming with graphical applications The most important features of SVG include shapes text and embedded raster graphics with many painting styles It also supports scripting with languages such as ECMAScript and has comprehensive support for animation 10 SVG is used in many business areas such as user interfaces printing and hardcopy output Web graphics animation mobile applications and many more SVG is a royalty free vendor neutral open standard developed under the W3C Process It has strong industry support Authors of the SVG specification include Adobe Agfa Apple Canon Corel Ericsson HP IBM Kodak Macromedia Microsoft Nokia Sharp and Sun Microsystems SVG viewers are deployed to over 100 million desktops and there is a broad range of support in many authoring tools 10 13 SVG builds upon many other successful standards such as XML SVG graphics are text based and thus easy to create 11 JPEG and PNG for image formats DOM for scripting and interactivity SMIL for animation and CSS for styling 2 3 2 About X3D X3D supports multi stage and multi texture rendering it also supports shader with lightmap and normalmap In 2010 X3D supports deferred rendering architecture X3D also benefits from other open source standards like XML DOM and
44. nt a derived AMOS II function which convert the argument Bag of Object to a Vector using the built in function in AMOS II vectorof Now our foreign function definition will look like this AMOS gt create function charter Vector v gt object as foreign JAVA SVGenerator charter AMOS gt create function display Bag of Object x gt object as select charter vectorof x When we call the display derived function with any query as its argument the result of the query will be received as Bag of Object x it will be converted to a Vector by the vectorof function and then pass the Vector argument to the implemented foreign function This will allow the AMOS II Java interface libraries to be able to read the received argument data and process it accordingly The first step of processing the data is to convert it to an array then sort the array by the first column which will be the X axis In order to make the process more efficient we can use the built in sort functions in AMOS II 4 and sort the result from the query before passing the result to the implemented foreign function This will minimize one step for us because the output from the built in sort function in AMOS II is a Vector so we won t need to use the function vectorof 19 Instead we will use the sort function to make the conversion for us too Then our definition for the foreign function will be like below AMOS gt create function char
45. o create It is simply created by plotting continues data as points then join them with a line In line graphs multiple data sets can be used to be graphed together but off course a key must exist between them From their advantages is that they can compare multiple data sets easily they allow the viewer to make predictions about the future results and the interim data between the points can be inferred from the graph line 16 17 How to call from AMOS It should be called by passing either an integer 2 or a string LineChart as the first argument value and placing a query as a second argument of the display derived function the display function will sort and convert the result of the query to a Vector type argument and pass both the arguments ct and sorted vector query result to the charter foreign function For example display LineChart select spectators m count participating players m goals m from Match m where year played_in m 1958 Or display 2 select spectators m count participating players m goals m from Match m where year played_in m 1958 Note that the string LineChart is NOT case sensitive As long as the characters are the same it does not matter It will be recognized by the charter foreign function Java method structure public void lineChart double temp establishing a buffer writer for the output SVG file get the maximum value for the Y axis from al
46. o my family and especially to the great man whom I always proud to call my father Table of contents Ti TMEFOGUCTION PEE EID POLL LLL TII MULUS 1 2 BackgEOUFd zac exea xtti E XE os eae ve ERE MEER RENS E REEUEKER UK KE REEUKEAMEKET ER REX FRATRE KREKR AEXE 2 21 AMOS II Me 2 2 1 1 Data Model er rre ener Ua CORE REPE biti enna 2 212 YDES 3 2L 3 FUNCIONS ernn ERE 3 2 1 4 Functions that apply to Bag of Values s sssssssssrsssrrssrrnssrrnnsrrnnnnrnnnrrnunrnnnernnnnrnnnns 4 2 1 5 Aggregate functions o etre Ee RE bert bx Ee bn ober kb P ER ERE ei OR EE EROR UR 5 2 1 6 AMOSQL eicere exe ERR EYE E eser tr FERT E Avere rr EE Hideee Ve E NIRE DRE EN 5 2 2 AMOS II Interfaces i iciecaccsctews cxi reor Ek XX RERO e ER HEX EXE FUCHS A os sleeved audience RH X KB REIR 6 2 2 1 AMOS II C and Lisp interfaces sssssssssssssssssseeseseeemee rene eee emen emen 6 2 2 2 AMOS II Java interfaces eR a Re PRO ERR AR end Paes ceva aan Y exte kon 6 2 3 Vector Graphics SVG and X3D cece eee eene 10 pecmE LWalcR T 10 2 3 2 About X3D ir i Ru E ERE RVANS AR YR MERE ERIVIEV REY REV VEA TM YE VEREVUASYRERVERI E RENE 10 2 3 3 Comparing SVG and X3D to other vector graphic formats eceeeeeeee este teeta ees 11 2 3 4 SVG TIE Syntax cce be b te ee Fx RR Rx eb eroe EE XE E ka Pa E AAEN 14 2 3 5 X3D file s
47. on properties of an object of type person are name and age When calling the function name on such an object returns the current value of the attribute name 1 The general syntax for creating stored functions is create function lt Function Name gt type gt lt return type gt as stored Example AMOS gt create function year Tournament gt Integer as stored 2 1 3 2 Derived functions They are functions defined with the use of other previously defined AMOSQL functions It is not mandatory for a function in AMOS II to have arguments and there is no upper limit on the number of arguments that a function can have 1 2 1 3 3 Foreign functions Foreign functions are functions called from AMOS II that are defined in a programming language usually Java But there are other interfaces exist for the languages C and Lisp too 2 A foreign function which is written in Java is defined in AMOS II as create function lt function name gt lt type name gt lt variable name gt gt lt type name gt lt variable name gt as foreign JAVA lt JavaLibraryName gt lt JavaFunctionName gt Example AMOS gt create function sqroot real x gt real r as foreign JAVA MyForeignFunctions sqroot As MyForeignFunctions is the name of the previously compiled Java class library which has the filename MyForeignFunctions java and it is case sensitive The compiled class library MyForeignFunctions java should have a method
48. on the Z axis define a Sphere shape to represent the point using a specific appearance and color close the X3D scene and generate an html file that embed the X3D scene and send it to the default browser Pattern of display The plotChart3D function will take the sorted result of the query a 2 dimensional array of double passed as argument from the charter function then translate the sorted array data to an X3D file format that contain the XML instructions for generating the graph scene It will also embed the generated X3D scene into an html page and call the default Internet browser to display the page We should mention that in order for the browser to be able to display the X3D scene certain plug in should be installed on the computer From the best freeware plug ins that can be installed is the Flux Studio 32 which can render any X3D scene in all the major browsers Note that the plotChart3D function can compare multiple columns of data over shared key columns of data which in this case should be the first and second column of the data passed to the plotChart3D function The first column will be presented as the X axis while the second column will be presented as the Y axis The plotChart3D function can handle continues data and negative data so it can present any scope of data elements at a time Concerning scalability testing the AMOS database could handle 100000 data rows in less than a second but the brows
49. pecification final draft has been released on 7 Feb 2011 It is based on OpenGL ES 2 0 and provides a programmatic interface for 3D graphics It uses the HTML5 canvas element and is accessed using Document Object Model interfaces DOM And automatic memory management is provided as part of the JavaScript language The WebGL has been implemented in Google Chrome 9 and in development release of Mozilla Firefox 4 and Safari It is managed by the non profit technology consortium Khronos Group The WebGL working group includes Apple Google Mozilla and Opera 23 The WebGL would have been a considerable option for generating our 3D graphs but unfortunately the final draft has been released recently and only Google Chrome 9 has a built in support currently 13 2 3 4 SVG file syntax The below example is a simple SVG file SVG files must be saved with the svg extension lt xml version 1 0 standalone no gt lt DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC W3C DTD SVG 1 1 EN http www w3 org Graphics SVG 1 1 DTD svgll dtd lt svg width 100 height 100 version 1 1 xmlns http www w3 org 2000 svg lt circle cx 100 cy 50 r 40 stroke black stroke width 2 fill red gt lt svg gt The first line contains the XML declaration standalone no means that the SVG document has a reference to an external file in this case the DTD Document Type Definition The second and the third line refer to the ex
50. r Extended bar graphs are the same as the normal bar graphs but they can also compare multiple data sets They also share the same advantages and disadvantages with the bar graphs 17 How to call from AMOS It should be called by passing either an integer 3 or a string ExtBarChart as the first argument value and placing a query as a second argument of the chart derived function the display function will sort and convert the result of the query to a Vector type argument and pass both the arguments ct and sorted vector query result to the charter foreign function For example display ExtBarChart select spectators m count participating players m goals m from Match m where year played_in m 1958 Or display 3 select spectators m count participating players m goals m from Match m where year played_in m 1958 Note that the string ExtBarChart is NOT case sensitive As long as the characters are the same it does not matter It will be recognized by the charter foreign function Java method structure public void eBarChart double temp establishing a buffer writer for the output SVG file get the maximum value for the Y axis from all the columns and round it calculate the Y axis scaling factor using the maximum value above start writing the header for the SVG file including the dimensions of the image file translate and scaling parameters dra
51. rogate object is assigned an OID which are managed by the system Literal objects are objects that represent strings and numbers Surrogate objects are more complex and they usually represent something from the real world 3 Meta objects like types and functions are also surrogates This gives the user the possibility to query the system objects in AMOSQL with the ability to get the structure of a type defined in the system Furthermore allowing a user to query the whole structure of a complete mediator server 1 2 1 2 Types Any object in AMOS II system is an instance of at least one type The term type is similar to class in object oriented programming The types are arranged in a hierarchy super types then subtype This means that if an object is an instance of a type it is also an instance of all its super types AMOS II also supports multiple inheritances 1 The following types are available in AMOS II system stored types derived types proxy types and integration union types The syntax for creating types is create type lt typename gt Example AMOS gt create type Tournament 2 1 3 Functions In AMOS II queries on objects attributes of objects methods of objects and the relationships between objects are represented by functions 1 AMOS II functions can be one of these categories 2 1 3 1 Stored functions A stored function represents characteristics of an object in the database For example comm
52. ropriate Tuple to Array converter to get a 2 dimensional array as a result Then it will pass that array result to the requested chart type determined by the ct variable 3 3 3 Minimum and Maximum values There are two functions responsible for determining the Minimum and the Maximum values in a one dimensional array this will help the chart functions to calculate the required scaling factors for the relevant axis These two functions are public static double getMaxValue double arr public static double getMinValue double arr 3 3 4 The Graph Labels Every chart or statistical graph type needs a little explanation to be understood better by the viewer This explanation is really done through labeling the graph components according to the data which is presented The function responsible about doing this is getChartLabels it simply returns an array of string values which contain the chart title the X axis label the Y axis label and the legend marks It is defined like below public static String getChartLabels When this function is called it will search for a Comma Separated Values File called SVGTitles csv if it finds it then it will read the previously saved graph titles and display them for the user The user then can chose the number of the graph title which he wants to be used for the displayed SVG chart image or the X3D scene or he can just press Enter to skip The user can also choose to create
53. ry closely resembled the API and file format of the Open Inventor software component originally developed by SGI The current and functionally complete version is VRML97 VRML has now been superseded by X3D 29 2 3 3 4 Scalable Vector Graphics SVG SVG is used to define 2D vector based graphics for the Web using XML format below are some of the advantages that made us use SVG for generating the 2D graphs e SVG files can be modified by any text editor as they are pure XML e SVG files are much smaller than JPEG and GIF image formats and more compressible e SVG images are scalable and can be zoomed without degradation and that means that they can be printed in high quality at any resolution e The text in SVG is selectable and searchable e SVG is an open standard and it works easily with Java technology e All browsers support SVG files nowadays except for Internet Explorer which needs a plug in that is available for free The upcoming Internet Explorer 9 will support SVG too Flash is the main competitor to SVG but SVG has the advantage of compliance with other standards like XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language and DOM Document Object Model Meanwhile Flash relies on proprietary technology that is not open source 10 12 12 2 3 3 5 Extensible 3D Graphics X3D X3D is the ISO standard XML based file format for representing 3D computer graphics the successor to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language VRML 29 X3
54. sing either an integer 7 or a string S3DPlotChart as the first argument The third form can plot stream 3D points x y z which can also be grouped by fourth column to break the points stream to groups and compare them This form can be called by passing an integer 8 or a string SP3DplotChart as the first argument For all forms we should place a query as a second argument of the display derived function the display function will sort and convert the result of the query to a Vector 37 type argument and pass both the arguments ct and sorted vector query result to the charter foreign function First form example display 3DPlotChart select i 0 01 cos i 0 01 sin i 0 01 from Number i where i in iota 1 1000 Or display 6 select i 0 01 cos i 0 01 sin i 0 01 from Number i where i in iota 1 1000 Second form examples display S3DPlotChart select i 0 01 cos i 0 01 i 0 01 sin i 0 01 from Number i where i in iota 1 1000 Or display 7 select i 0 01 cos i 0 01 i 0 01 sin i 0 01 from Number i where i in iota 1 1000 Third form examples display SP3DPlotChart select i 0 01 cos i 0 01 from Number i where i in iota 1 1000 Or display 8 select i 0 01 cos i 0 01 from Number i where i in iota 1 1000 Note that the strings 3dplotChart S3dplotChart and SP3dplotChart are NOT case sensitive As long as the characters
55. slate the sorted array data to an SVG file format that contain the XML instructions for generating the graph It will also embed the generated SVG image into an html page and call the default Internet browser to display the page The plotChart function can plot multiple columns of data over a shared key column of data which in this case should be the first column of the data passed to the plotChart function This first column will be presented as continues X axis The third form of the function can also plot negative data on both axes The plotChart function can handle continues data so it can present any scope of data elements at a time But concerning scalability testing the AMOS database could handle 100000 data rows in less than a second but the browser rendering for the SVG image generated from that scope of data got noticeably slow For example the result from the query above will be displayed using the plotChart function in the browser like below Legend Data Row 1 Data Row 2 33 Another example below that show cluster data from the Data Mining 1 course plotted using the third form Stream points Plot Graph title 246 Legend data points 1 185 123 0 62 0 62 3 4 5 Extended Line graph generator Extended line graphs are the same as the normal line graphs but they can also display negative values on the Y axis and they are also scalable They also share the same advantages and disadvan
56. stead of table of values So if we assumed that we have created a foreign function that is called chart which will do that for us We should simply pass the above query as argument to the foreign function like below AMOS gt chart select year t name host t count participating teams t from Tournament t And this will make the results of the AMOSQL query be displayed as an SVG chart in the default Internet browser on the used computer However the result of this query is a bag of tuples and if we defined the foreign function in AMOS II to take a bag of tuples as argument the foreign function will simply be applied to every row in the output results from the original query separately This is absolutely will not be acceptable for us as we want the whole result from the query to be passed to the foreign function The reason for that is simple it is essential to get the whole scope of the data result from the query so that the chart function can identify the maximum values for the X axis and the maximum values for all the other column values in the result which will represent the Y axis This will take us back again to the AMOS II background which we explained that only the aggregate functions can take the whole result from a query as they have different semantics compared to ordinary AMOS II functions in that they are not applied on each element of a bag as regular functions but on entire bags The reason for that is because they t
57. t semantics compared to ordinary AMOS II functions in that they are not applied on each element of a bag as regular functions but on entire bags 1 Consider the following example AMOS gt count last_name x In this case the function count is applied once on the entire bag of objects from last_name x not once per result from last_name x The reason is that the count function is defined to take a bag of object as argument 1 Example Create function count Bag of Object x gt Integer ras Note that nested queries can be used as arguments to aggregate functions 2 1 6 AMOSQL Similarly to SQL AMOSQL is a combination of a DDL Data Definition Language and a DML Data Manipulation Language The query part of the language is similar to SQL An AMOSQL expression can be entered in one or several lines Every command in AMOSQL should be terminated with semicolon We should note that the FROM clause in AMOSQL contain type declarations instead of table names compared to SQL 1 4 AMOSQL is not discussed in depth in this report please refer to the AMOS II website for more information 19 2 2 AMOS II Interfaces There are interfaces between the AMOS II system and the programming languages C Lisp and Java 2 2 1 AMOS II C and Lisp interfaces While the Java interface is most convenient to write AMOS II applications and to make simple extensions to the AMOS II system The C and Lisp interfaces are b
58. tages with the line graphs 16 17 How to call from AMOS It should be called by passing either an integer 5 or a string ExtLineChart as the first argument value and placing a query as a second argument of the display derived function the display function will sort and convert the result of the query to a Vector type argument and pass both the arguments ct and sorted vector query result to the charter foreign function For example display extLineChart select i i 2 i 2 i i 2 i i 3 from Number i where i in iota 1 2000 Or display 5 select i i 2 i 2 i i 2 i i 3 from Number i where i in iota 1 2000 34 Note that the string ExtLineChart is NOT case sensitive As long as the characters are the same it does not matter It will be recognized by the charter foreign function Java method structure public void lineCh f f Lf establ get the m get the m if the absolute minimum value is greater than art double temp ishing a buffer writer for the output SVG file make the maximum value equal to calcul calcul start the image file ate the Y axis scal ate the X axis scal writing the header for the SVG file translate ling fact ling fac the absolut tor using tor using aximum value for the Y axis from all inimum value for the Y axis from all
59. ter Vector v gt object as foreign JAVA SVGenerator charter AMOS gt create function display Bag of Object x gt object as select charter sort x As the last step we need a way to specify the chart type that we need our data results from the AMOSQL query to be presented by For specifying that we need to add another argument to the definition of the foreign function This argument will let us identify the chart type that we require And it will also make it extremely easier to add or develop more graph chart types to the implemented Java class Our final version of the foreign function definition in AMOS II system will be like below AMOS gt create function charter object ct Vector v gt object as foreign JAVA SVGenerator charter AMOS gt create function display object ct Bag of Object x gt object as select charter ct sort x The ct variable ChartType will identify the type of graph that we desire simply by passing an integer value that represent the equivalent chart type or by passing a string that correspond to the chart type We will describe the accepted ct variable values for each of the chart functions later 3 3 Helper functions The main chart functions in the project are responsible for translating the data in the query result to an appropriate SVG image data or to X3D Scene data which represent the result of the query graphically But for them to work in a reliable manner there are
60. ternal SVG DTD The DTD resides at the W3C website and it contains all allowable SVG elements The SVG code begins with the SVG element opening tag lt svg gt and should end with the svg closing tag lt svg gt this represent the root element The width and height attributes set the width and height of the SVG document The version attribute defines the SVG version to be used and the xmlns attribute defines the SVG namespace Finally the simple SVG element circle is used to create a simple circle shape And to end the SVG file the svg closing tag should be placed to close the root SVG element and the document Take note that all opening tags MUST have closing tags There are three ways to embed SVG files into html pages 1 Using the lt embed gt Tag The lt embed gt tag is supported in all major browsers and allows scripting But if you want to create valid XHTML you cannot use the embed tag as it is not listed in any HTML specification Below is an example of the syntax for using the embed tag lt embed src rect svg width 300 height 100 type image svg xml pluginspage http www adobe com svg viewer install gt 2 Using the lt object gt Tag The lt object gt tag is an HTML4 standard tag and is supported in all newer browsers But it does not allow scripting The syntax for using the lt object gt tag is below lt object data rect svg width 300 height 100 type image svg xml
61. too As an example the result from the query above will be displayed using the eLineChart function in the browser like below This is the Extended Line Chart graph Title 2000000 Legend 12 12 125 1500000 1000000 500000 500000 X 1310 ynsa1 uonounj aut 1000000 1500000 2000000 9 9 9 9 t The value of X 36 Another example showing the result from graphing the query select i 0 01 cos i 0 01 sin i 0 01 from Number i where i in iota 1 1000 using the eLineChart is below This is the Extended Line Chart graph Title Cont sin 0 25 X Jano 3ns21 uopoun ayl b a5 The value of X 3 4 6 3D plotter graph generator The 3D plotter graph generator is the same as the normal plotter graph but it can also display negative values on all the three axes X Y and Z axis and it s also scalable We have used the X3D vector graphic language to generate the 3D scene which allows navigation through the generated graph This chart function is very powerful tool for comparing data columns over the three axes How to call from AMOS There are three forms of 3D plotter graphs the first one can compare multiple datasets over two shared key columns and it is called by passing either an integer 6 or a string 3dPlotChart as the first argument value The second form can plot separated 3D point groups this form can be called by pas
62. unctions 1 The Java method code that implement the function 2 A definition in AMOSQL that link the foreign function to the Java method code 3 An optional cost hint to estimate the cost of executing the Java method The Java method of the foreign function always has two arguments a context and a parameter tuple The context is a data structure which is managed by the system to pass information between the foreign functions and the other parts of the system The parameter tuple is a Tuple object that holds both the argument s and the result s of the function The foreign function implementation must get the arguments from their actual argument positions in the parameter tuple and then compute the results and store them back in the result positions of the parameter tuple 2 The general syntax for defining a Java class that includes a Java method as a foreign function is like below import callin import callout public class lt ClassName gt public lt ClassName gt initializations for the class goes here public void lt MethodName gt CallContext cxt Tuple tpl throws AmosException Method code goes here The code must be placed in a file which should have the same name as the class name For example if the class name is MyForeignFunctions then the file name should be MyForeignFunctions java Notice that the file name is case sensitive After that the java source file should be compiled using Jav
63. w the axis with the appropriate axis styles divide the Y axis by 4 gray lines for clarity define a new decimal format to use with the labels label Y axis at each section by the right value according to maximum Y find the number of rows to be presented and calculate the bar width for each row of data do the following for each column of data do the following calculate the Bar Height by using the Y axis Scale Factor calculate the Y axis position of where we should place the bar 29 calculate the position of the bar on the X axis now draw the bar by the specified column color label the X axis under the Bars with appropriate value create a legend table for colors close the SVG image file and send it to the default browser Pattern of display The eBarChart function will take the sorted result of the query a 2 dimensional array of double passed as argument from the charter function and then translate the array data to an SVG file format that contain the XML instructions for generating the graph It will also embed the generated SVG image into an html page and call the default Internet browser to display the page The eBarChart function can compare multiple columns of data over a shared key column of data which in this case should be the first column of the data passed to the eBarChart function This first column will be presented as the X axis The
64. yntax naren e iter reete rr reor Erben ER CRANE ease EA ERR Ve see eed 15 3 Displaying query results in AMOS II graphically ccccece eee ee eee e eee eee eee mmm 17 3 1 Setting up the environment sssssssssssssssesssseseesen emen eene esee esent 17 3 2 Ihe theory behind the Work eco re HERR EROR ERR RR RR RR GER CS RD RR EE ER cR 18 3 3 Helper TUNCCIONS CERTUM 20 3 3 1 Tuple to Array CONVENE ercsi de ERE EREREXRRRENR EE EEREREKEREEE NE CEXEEKEENEUKERR AERE TEN KE UNR 20 3 3 2 The charter function serrer ee eren a xe ie ox XL VERRE anes eae 21 3 3 3 Minimum and Maximum VaIUCS cece eee eee eee eee eee eens 21 3 3 4 Ihe Graph Label Si iiec rtr e ER vies decried Races idee eee bera ERA 21 3 3 5 The initialization foreign function cece eee eee ene nena tenant a nena 22 3 4 The main chart functions uere a ek RR SEEN REREXEMRRERIFREXYR AX KRRYREARKEIRKEXXXR2Y R2 NEERA 23 3 4 1 Bar graph generator re ERO RYE EFE REX EK ERR ERRRR FRE venerated 23 3 4 2 Line graph gerierator s ira one EE ERE RR EERXRRERRRREREK ERR VERREM EE KNKRECEERRERMRREEKEREKXEE 26 3 4 3 Extended bar graph generator ccecceeeee eee e ene e esee nnne 29 3 4 4 Scatter plot graph generator sssssssssssssessssese memes emen esee 31 3 4 5 Extended Line graph generator ssssssssssssssssesee esee seems esee nnne 34 3 4 6 3D plotter graph generator isc urere RR RR Ra PER RENE FR EXER ERR RR RR A 37 4

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