Solar Powered Smart Blind System
Contents
1. 9V Lithium ion Polymer batteries have approximately the same capacity as any alkaline 9V batteries and can outperform in high drain applications Various solar recharging circuits will be examined and tested to implement in the final design part of the power source Two possible solar recharging circuits are shown in Figure 4 Solar NiCad Charger Reverse blocking diode Rechargeable battery a a H a H Pe EE E E E E a A BREESE SRR Ep et a i wm rs Figure 4 Solar recharging implementation circuits The Integration Thel C LCD Display The SPSB system will have a text based LCD control module that allows the users to select various modes LCD screen will be able to display and accept user input such as time alarm clock temperature and light intensity mode There will be a UI programmed into the LCD controller or the Arduino board Outside and indoor temperature sensors Real Time Clock RTC and text based LCD display will all be communicated on multi master serial computer bus IC invented by Philips The Ic components will receive and transmit data with the Arduino microcontroller using only two bi directional open drain lines Serial Data SDA and Serial Clock SCL With the two bi directional clock and data lines multiple number integrated circuit devices can be connected and utilized with TC communication protocol See Figure 5 3AM ECE4007L04 Master ARDUINO Duemilanove Mi2. RW doh bp ag E pa eg O e e e r D mah DP Coy e mmm K Q1 a D Y d Je Gi P s j Figure 5 Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller and the board component layout TheAutomation Blind Control Algorithm The key feature of the SPSB system is to automatically adjust its orientation to maintain and control a room s light intensity base on user desired profile Tentatively there will be three modes Dim Moderate and xBrite Photo sensors will generate voltage signals corresponding to the indoor and outdoor light intensities The Arduino microcontroller will read in these voltage signals and compare them with pre defined threshold voltage that is determined by the system mode If the voltage differs by more than 5 of the referenced level of the selected mode the Arduino microcontroller will drive the stepper motor to turn the blind The sensors will 3AM ECE4007L04 continuously take in data for recalculation until the light intensity inside the room match up with the reference point The Energy Source Solar Recharging Circuit There will be a 9V 12V DC input provided by a NiCad or Lithium ion Polymers rechargeable battery The battery will recharge via solar cell collectors through a smart circuit that will protect it from over charge The diodes will act as a switch that will open the charging circuit when the battery is full The recharging of 9V batteries will be done during the daytime with a custom solar recharging circuit
3. data representation The user interface device can be seen in Figure 1 The functionalities of button and rotary dial will be transmitted to the Arduino microcontroller for processing 3AM ECE4007L04 The user interface device for the SPSB system will comprise of brackets that allow mounting of the device in proximity of the window The temperature reading for the room will be done with a DS1621 C chip that will be mounted on the outside of the user control device for accurate temperature sensing of the room T able 2 describes the button functions of the interface device 02 14 2009 12 00AM M ode Bright Indoor Temp 27C 68F Manual Figure 1 Solar rechargeable smart blind user interface Controls Function M ode Select Selects brightness mode M anual Override Overrides the microcontroller s automatic mode for user adjustments Arrow Keys Tilts the blinds up and down for the user DS1621 Temp IC M ounted outside the box for sensing room temperature LCD Display Displays various information for the user to see Physical Weight amp Size 3AM ECE4007L04 The four photo resistors will be placed on the strings of the blind in a vertical line formation The wiring required for connections of various sensors and components will be done with RJ 45 cable to achieve a clean installation of the SPSB system Ideally the solar smart blinds consisting of stepper motor and a user interface device should be
4. Fun Gizmos 16x2 Character LCD Serial I2C SPI RS232 TTL Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http store fungizmos com index php main_page product_info amp cPath 70 amp products_id 210 amp zenid a2 1a906337dc9 1 9ae237bt64a39780dc Gaebler Ventures National TV Spots Costs of Advertising on Television Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www gaebler com National TV Spot Ad Costs htm 3AM ECE4007L04 17 APPENDIX A DETAILED COST ANALYSIS Component Cost Parts Unit Price Quantity Cost Shipping 3AM ECE4007L04 18 Design amp Labor Cost Design Rate Hours Persons Involved Cost Lectures and M eetings 50 hr 136 All 4 27 200 R esearch Design Reports Presentations 50 hr 50 All 4 10 000 Programming 75 hr 20 Naing Marco 3 000 Assembling Prototype 75 hr 30 Lai Kevin 4 500 Testing T roubleshooting 50 hr 20 Naing Marco 2 000 Total Design Cost 46 700 M arketing Cost Advertisement M edium Cost Television Commercials 16 3 000 Newspaper Adds 1 000 Internet 500 Special Event 500 Total M arketing Cost Per Year 5 000 3AM ECE4007L04 19
5. Proposal Solar Powered Smart Blind System ECE 4007 Senior Design Project Section L04 DK 1 Naing Oo M arco Herrera Lai Li K evin Long Vo Submitted February 04 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EELER ii EO O O EE i 1 1 EE i 1 2 MOVANO EE 1 3 EE AE ee EE l Project Description and GOAS esr EE EE 2 MCCAIN CAL Speci CaO DEE 3 Design Approach and Details 4 1 BIS Aproape A TEE R 8 4 2 Codes ANG Standards TEE 10 4 3 Constraints Alternatives and Tradeofts 10 Scnedule Tasks and M MI e 11 P OCCT ID CMON SUL AO TEEN 13 Marketing ana COSUAMAIVS Sic thasiverenie Gree tier dilantin heer actendhehiatadines dtr 14 7 1 EE E EE 14 7 2 Ee 15 SUMMI enee ee Ee EE 15 PR PCT CICS riani N TAT 16 72019 1 6p ee 18 Executive Summary Solar Powered Smart Blind SPSB is an autonomous self sustaining window blind system The SPBS system will automatically adjust the amount of the light that gets through depending on a user preference while operating solely on solar power The reason for the construction of the SPSB system is to minimize the user interaction with blinds therefore increase living comforts There is a profitable market for automated window blinds Potential users for the Solar Powered Smart Blind system include senior citizens the disabled individuals who are willing to adopt environment friendly smart devices and home automation enthusiasts The finalized SPSB prototype will consist of four photo sensors stepp
6. able to function on any house hold windows However due to the wide diversity of window arrangements shapes and sizes the testing of the SPSB system will be confined to a small standard window size A 23 X 64 bamboo blind will be utilized and the blind will weigh around 10 Ibs as shown in Figure 2 23 Inches SS 64 Inches Sa G S SS S S Z SS E d SS Figure 2 Bamboo Blind dimension 23 X 64 and weight 10 Ibs Software amp Power Supply The software required for controlling the stepper motor reading sensors and communicating with UC chips will be written in C C within the Arduino version 0012 integrated development environments IDE The open source Arduino environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the I O board It runs on Windows Mac OS X and Linux The environment is written in Java and based on Processing AVR GCC and other open source software 4 To minimize power consumption various sleep modes will be utilized The rechargeable batteries to be used in powering of the SPSB system will range from 9V to 12V as listed in Table 3 The recharging process will be achieved during the day time but the system will also 3AM ECE4007L04 consume solar power when needed 5 The SPSB system is operational during the day time and will remain in power down state during the night time to limit power consumption The real time clock RTC will be used to check the time to pow
7. chnologies stepper motor Performance amp Operation The performance and operation of the SPSB system prototype are the following e Recharge the on board batteries during the day with solar panels e Blinds remain shut during night time e Blinds automatically open in the morning e Manual override can be performed by the user e Blinds auto adjust based on user input mode 3AM ECE4007L04 e LCD will display date time room temperature and current user select mode e The blinds user interface device wiring sensors and solar recharging components will be a package that is available to the consumers e IC component integration 4 Design Approach and Details The Brain ATmegal68 M icrocontroller The information processing of the SPSB system will be handled by a small open source Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller as shown in Figure 5 This Arduino board will serve as the main controller for the SPSB system The microcontroller is programmable in C C and has the capability to import export data to Matlab The microcontroller will be enclosed in a transparent plastic enclosure that will be mounted near the window 32 98 76543210 11 s 4 Fa Digital apx Sr Arduino lt lt jiji im Duemilanove GR E sc 4 LLLLLLLL SS ICSP D1 poo P WWW arguined cc E PONER ANALOG IN Ri 3 POWER ASU Gnd Vin 12345 3 2 A J t Le J ard best ell pe yw ee E http arduino berlios de F Ta
8. crocontroller Temp Figure 5 Solar recharging circuits 4 2 Codes and Standards The Arduino microcontroller for this project is based on the Atmel ATmegal68 which contains a 16KB programmable flash memory IKB SRAM 512 Bytes EEPROM 8 Channel 10 bit A D converter TQFP MLEF and wire on chip debug system This AVR chip is certified by the American National Standards Institute ANSI The Arduino programming language C C also satisfied ANSI standards 6 The SPSB system is integrated with multitude of electronics stepping motor photovoltaic charging circuitry lithium ions polymers battery An extensive code and standards is available on the IEEE domain 7 The stepper motor for the SPSB system will be implemented using the IEEE Standard 1349 The standard indicates general purpose enclosure for the motor and precautions against excessive surface temperatures The SPSB system will so have to be constructed to minimize sparking of rotor bars and enclosure joints 8 To be able to sell the SPSB system on the U S consumer market the SPSB system must comply with the IEEE Standard 1375 The standard specifically states that DC power systems must minimize the risk of equipment damage during electrically faulted conditions limit the number and duration of the battery system service interruptions as a result of electrically faulted conditions 8 4 3 Constraints Alternatives and Tradeoffs The SPSB prototype does not contain hazardo
9. er motor for controlling the blind Arduino microcontroller and a user interface device The photo sensor will transmit information to the Arduino microcontroller which will then interpret the incoming data and send necessary control signals to the stepper motor to adjust the blinds The time date room temperature and current user selected mode will be displayed on a Liquid Crystal Display LCD that is integrated into the user interface device The SPSB system will incorporate power saving algorithms to guarantee low power consumption The total cost of the Solar Powered Smart Blind system will be 72 020 with 320 spent on materials 46 700 spent on design and labor and 25 000 spent on marketing The suggested retail price of the finished product will be at 300 The working Solar Powered Smart Blind system will be demoed on April 2009 3AM ECE4007L04 Solar Powered Smart Blind System L INTRODUCTION 1 1 Objective The purpose of the Solar Powered Smart Blind SPSB system is to provide convenient automated control of the amount of sunlight that is let through depending on the time of the day and the light intensity Utilizing solar power to sustain its operation via batteries the system will also incorporate digital displays of time and temperature The SPSB system is the integration of modern electronic control circuitry with ordinary window blind sold in department stores and furniture outlets 1 2 Motivation Energy consumptio
10. er off the SPSB system during night time Voltage Requirement 9 Volts 12 Volts Full Charging Time 3 Hours mA Hour Rating 230mAh Chargeable Quantity 1000 times Memory Effect No memory effect Motorized amp Manual Adjustments The software written for the solar blind system will be able to operate autonomously and it will be able to take in user manual controls Signals from the Arduino microcontroller will be sent to the stepper motor control driver to adjust the blinds To achieve physical aesthetics the stepper motor will be mounted inside the frame of the blind as illustrated in Figure 3 Stepper Motor Figure 3 Stepper motor mounted inside the frame of the blind A 5V stepper motor will be used to control the physical movements of the SPSB system The stepper motor is illustrated in Figure 4 Specifications for the stepper motor are described as follow e Manufactured by Symbol Technologies e Operates on 5VDC 3AM ECE4007L04 e 2 phase bi polar quadrature motor e 20 steps per revolution e Motor includes a printed copy of a simple driver circuit schematic e Driver circuit schematic uses 1 74HC86 1 74HC365 and 1 4013 integrated circuit and operates at 5 V e Knurled shaft dimensions 3 L x 06 Diameter e Motor dimensions not including shaft 8 Dia x 68 H e 5 lead connection 2 leads connected together terminated with a 4 pin female plug e 2 3 4 long leads Figure 4 5 VDC Symbol Te
11. fully interfaced with the microcontroller via I C communication protocol The group is researching on an efficient battery recharging circuit to integrate the solar panels to the prototype Several experiments have been performed on how the photo resistors work with respect to sunlight and artificial light sources One group member is attending soldering classes while the remaining members are reviewing C C programming language syntax The group 1s working on acquiring the remaining components LCD display stepper motor and RTC to start assembling the SPSB system 3AM ECE4007L04 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 REFERENCES Electrical blinds by K Masanori 1989 Nov 07 Patent 4878528 Online Available http www freepatentsonline com 4878528 html query blinds amp stemming on A Rhuberg et al Auto Blinds Online Available http lims mech northwestern edu design mechatronics 2000 Team13 index html Junglefish 2005 Aug 29 Smart Window Blinds Online Available http www haltbakery com idea S mart_20Window_20Blinds 1 125430916 Arduino Arduino Duemilanove Company Website cited 2009 Jan 23 Available HTTP http www arduino cc Amazon Inc Sony 2500 mAh AA Rechargeable Nimh Batteries Company Webiste cited 2009 Feb 2 Available HTTP http www amazon com Sony 2500 Rechargeable Batteries 4 pack dp BOOO7LBV HI Orangutan Lib Orangutan Ha
12. ight entering a simulated room Design Prototyping Interfacing components with the microcontroller will be done by wiring the components and running code to input and output data For three consecutive days the charging system will be examined carefully with the microcontroller and components constantly running The battery should remain fully charged during the testing period Installing the system on the fixture and testing the full product will conclude prototyping 7 MARKETING AND COST ANALYSIS 7 1 Marketing Analysis The SPSB product will be available to every person but the main goal is primarily aimed at two distinct groups handicapped elderly and home automation enthusiasts The self maintained product comes with built in modes that will continuously adjust the blinds autonomously The handicapped and elderly may benefit from these smart blinds since a great majority of these individuals are unable to manually adjust the blinds The home automation enthusiasts will enjoy this additional device to their home There are no available products in the market that are identical to the SPSB system The closest competitive product is not autonomous The Hunter Douglas PowerRise Honeycomb Cellular Shades is one of the competitive blinds These blinds require the user to adjust the blinds with a remote control The competitive blinds system is battery powered and priced at 100 or more 9 Other competitive products work similarly requiring
13. include tracking the angle of the sun and voice recognition However prototypes operating under either of these principles have not been constructed 3 None of the blind systems mentioned above is fully automatic Although the remote controlled blinds are more convenient than the non electric blinds they still require the user to 3AM ECE4007L04 give an input The light sensitive blind may be able to regulate light passage during the day but the users nonetheless need to manually close the blind at night time In addition all the electric blinds introduced thus far do not have self sustaining capability as they depend on external power or batteries to operate 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS Window blinds in homes have to be manually adjusted throughout the day to account for changes from outside luminescence and temperature conditions Solar Powered Smart Blind is a microcontroller embedded system that automatically adjusts itself in real time to account for variations between indoor and outdoor luminescence conditions The automation of the SPSB system is accomplished by making use of photo sensors integrated into the blinds The power supply for the system will be recharged with solar panels attached to the window to capture maximum sunlight The goal of the SPBS system is to fully automate the process of adjusting window blinds throughout the day based on a user provided input mode SPSB adopters should be able to select a l
14. n is an enormous concern in the 21 century The SPSB system can provide convenience while using energy that comes directly from the sun It is particularly complimentary to people with limited mobility such as the disabled and senior citizens Although the system will be more expensive than the currently available blinds there will still be a profitable market for the product within the middle and upper class If a device is within purchasing power people are willing to incur a higher cost so that they may avoid performing trivial acts in this case turning the blinds every day Examples of this tendency can be commonly seen in the household from dishwashers to automated vacuuming robot 1 3 Background Both electric and ordinary window blinds are available for purchase through the internet and retail stores Manually adjusted window blinds have prices as low as 20 while electric blinds range from 50 to 300 The most sophisticated version on the market incorporates stepper motors that are controlled remotely to turn the blinds 1 Batteries are required to power the motors as well as the remote therefore battery replacement is necessary There are also non commercialized smart blinds constructed by individuals who are interested in the topic One particular prototype relied on four photo detectors to determine the sun light intensity and adjusts the angle of the blinds accordingly 2 Other feasible approaches to implement a smart blind system
15. n the Gantt chart in Figure 6 Table 4 Individual Group M ember Tasks T asks Solar Photo detector Motor M icro W ebsite and IC Prototype Testing Charging Implementation Control controller Documentation Components Construction Circuit Programming e e e Vo Lait KER arco Herrera E EE EE EE Oo 3AM ECE4007L04 11 BUIDESU m Lewung jobig o e auojs ji eue A h AJBWLUAS IIIIIIIIIIIIII Siss Eug suossa E l LL GOILL Us i CL gien Us 7 BE E Sc u4 7 6 eOILZIE Ws Lem i gr BORE UY 1 SM ua 9 1 SEL 609z J Bo SZIE PaM Lee Lee BE 609z u4 Les p ez sz zzlei at evlou 2 4 az selezloz ziri vi 8 sz erene o te 6002 dy 6002 yae 6002 Amni SEN GIN Ossadopedg ssa Bold KS ECH 60 9 UON SHM z DU UON 4M 606E 00 SYM Z DIS ON S47 f LUC 0 SYM Z BOMEZIZ UOM EHM E BO SLZ UOM YM BO EZ UOM YM DU uon YM DI uon 54mg DI UON SHM z GOSE UON SAM g DU UOP SHM g DO Woy pejs YM um 60 E an oft Up pueg elo Dee o8lolg uoneziwndo pue Bugsa Bununojy yuauodwog LOINISUO 3WBJJ MODUM WONEIUGe4 sunjoanys apop daas Buaes Jamag wyyoby Bunsnipy spujg Agidsip 097 jouoz 1030 SUOIBOIUNUWOT 3z BuruesBoJg Ja josUODOI YY UOEINEA JO Ia apo 0Yd IO Guibseyasy n uoneyuawajduwj zusuodwon SUB J9p10 PUE UJJESS3H e BABA EE EE HAH Fl El ES LI ER 6 3 L 9 5 t E Fig
16. rdware Company Website cited 2009 Jan 31 Availabe HTTP http orangutan lib sourceforge net hardware shtml IEEE Guide for the Application of Electric Motors in Class I IEEE Standard 1349 2001 IEEE guide for the protection of stationary battery systems IEEE Standard 1375 1998 Your Blinds Inc Motorized Honeycomb Cellular Shades Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www yourblinds com products cellular hunter_douglas hdcs0110 asp Modern Device Arduino Duemilanove Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www moderndevice com diecimila shtml Homer TLC Inc designview 34 In x 64 In White 2 In Grandwood Blind Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www homedepot com webapp wcs stores servlet ProductDisplay storeld 1005 1 amp l angId 1 amp catalogId 10053 amp productId 100048203 amp categoryID 501387 3AM ECE4007L04 16 12 13 14 15 16 Maxim Integrated Products DS1621 Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www maxim ic com quick_view2 cfm qv_pk 2737 t al Maxim Integrated Products DS1307 Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www maxim ic com quick_view2 cfm qv_pk 2688 RadioShack Corp CdS Photoresistors 5 Pack Company Website Cited 2009 Jan 31 Available HTTP http www radioshack com product index jsp productId 2062590
17. the user to adjust the blinds with various user interfaces control box remote control The SPSB system will contain manual operation in addition to automatic operation Solar panels will charge batteries which is the power source for the system These features are not integrated into any competitive product 3AM ECE4007L04 14 7 2 Cost Analysis The development design and a five year marketing plan of the SPSB system is estimated to cost 72 020 Table 5 shows the material design labor and marketing costs M aterial Cost 320 Design Labor Cost 46 700 M arketing 5 Years 25 000 Total Project Cost 72 020 The product will be mass produced and is expected to be sold at major home hardware stores Material cost is expected to be reduced from 320 to 250 per SPSB system if parts and components are purchased in quantities of thousands The labor cost to assemble and test the product by a third party is expected to be 25 per SPSB system The projected profit per system is 25 The resulting retail price is 300 Over a period of five years it is expected to sell 40 000 units yielding a profit of a million dollars The profit will cover the total project design cost with over 900 000 left for design improvements Individual detailed costs are located in Appendix B 8 SUMMARY The design group has ordered and obtained the majority of the essential components for the SPSB system The temperature sensor has been success
18. uminescence intensity level from a rotary dial that serves as a user input interface Marketable consumers include senior citizens disabled people home automation enthusiasts and individuals who are willing to adopt environment friendly smart devices The SPSB system will be designed with the following goals e Product price will be around 300 e Energy efficient e Auto adjust based on user input parameters e Environment friendly e Solar rechargeable e Easy installation e Manual override e Fabricate a working prototype by early April 2009 3AM ECE4007L04 3 TECHNICIAL SPECIFICATIONS Sensor Data Processing System The Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible easy to use hardware and software will be used to process incoming sensor data The microcontroller contains a 16MHz crystal oscillator and an ATmegal68 chip on board with 14 digital I O pins six of which can be used as PWM Pulse Width Modulation outputs 4 The multichannel inputs and outputs on the Arduino will allow processing of several sensors simultaneously which is an important part for cross algorithm A further hardware specification of the Arduino board is provided below in Table 1 Mod Input Voltage limits 6 20V User Interface Input Output The user controls for the SPSB system will include light intensity mode select manual override window blind open close button and a LCD display for
19. ure 6 Gantt chart for project schedule 12 3AM ECE4007L04 D PROJECT DEMONSTRATION The final project demonstration will take place in an open area at noon when the sunlight has maximum intensity The demonstration will include two parts a live demonstration and a recorded video demonstration The SPSB system will be mounted on the window fixture as shown in Figure To simulate a lighted room the blind side of the window will be surrounded by three small walls and corresponding ceiling There will be an AC light bulb acting as the inside light source Figure 7 The SPSB system installed and ready for operation Live Demonstration The window fixture will be position so that the window plane surface is approximately perpendicular to the sun s light beam The mode will be set to xBrite which will allow the maximum light into the room The blinds will solely adjust to an angle where the sun light enters the room at the greatest intensity and will signify a successful demonstration Recorded Video Demonstration The window fixture will be position where a vast amount sun light is directed to the window The simulated inside light will be lit and the mode will be set to Dim From 9 A M to 3AM ECE4007L04 13 8 P M for a day a camcorder will be used to record the blinds reacting to sun light The successful recorded video demonstration will show the SPSB system limiting the amount of sunl
20. us materials to the environment The system will help the user save energy by utilizing a solar power energy source According to the Go Green Initiative the SPSB system will reduce energy consumption See Appendix A By utilizing solar powered energy source a trade off will be an inconsistent energy supply when 3AM ECE4007L04 10 there is no sunlight during stormy days cloudy days nights etc However the system is design to address that with rechargeable battery powered circuitry with DC input from regular outlet AC power source Care must be taken whenever operating equipment that requires electrical power Constraints e Complexity of wireless communication e Better user interface requires more energy expenditure Alternatives e AC power source adds carbon waste e Remote controlled blinds requires wireless communication amp user inputs Tradeoffs e Reliable power source from an AC outlet e Reduced cost of manufacturing e Engineering simplicity 5 Schedule Tasks and M tlestones The project has been divided into eight specific tasks shown in T able 4 Every task will be collectively completed by at least two group members Each group member will be given four tasks except the team leader who will be fully involved in every process of the entire design tasks The entire process of project completion has been scheduled into five milestones The corresponding tasks and the allotted time associated with each milestone are shown i
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