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Motorola DSP Linker/Librarian Reference Manual

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1. 4 4 LIBRARIAN OPTIONS 4 5 LIBRARY PROCESSING MOTOROLA DSP LINKER LIBRARIAN REFEREN E MANUAL F nfor or More mation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Table of Contents 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 1 5 6 2 5 6 2 1 5 6 2 2 5 6 2 3 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 vi Chapter 5 MOTOROLA DSP S RECORD CONVERSION UTILITY SREC INTRODUCTION ue ee oe Aloe MANG shu E al Q Ee a 5 1 INSTALLING REG Ee 5 1 RUNNINGSREC 5 1 SREG OPTIONS 5 te aioe tut PATE eens ia E o 5 1 SREG PROCESSING risus Ses Na ees AES Ba ee su i ai uama 5 6 S RECORD FILE FORMAT enee EE 5 8 S Record CONE ada a ann YA ee eee eg rene teas 5 8 S Record TYDES vencer date rs 5 9 SORECCO A Mu eee AA Ql oh yh GG akoa if naia a 5 9 SI So SS COS ee a tes a oda 5 10 S7 S8 SI Records 0 0 ee 5 10 Chapter 6 MOTOROLA DSP COFF FILE DUMP UTILITY COFDMP INTRODUCTION lt naaa AN oh ode MG Pal kn apel lah late Wi Jo s 6 1 INSTAEENGCOFDMP tos l ane Habaan ng kaan ng ceed Gk PRE 6 1 RUNNING COFDMP 6 1 GORBME OPTIONS sirio bes a BP tt 6 2 GOFDMP PROCESSING ts daa aqa a u 6 4 Appendix A LINKER MESSAGES INTRODUCTION A 1 COMMAND LINE ERRORS
2. A 2 WARNINGS ani Z wo gta seve uq BANA NGANGA KA AC A 4 ERRORS ue usaba bapa aaa EEN A 6 FATAL ERRORS Z usss uy apu eet aioe tees ie tee Maa A 15 Appendix B LIBRARIAN MESSAGES INTRODUCTION eg te tik pas ete aid LAG ore E ET u B 1 COMMAND LINE ERRORS B 2 WARNING Sa a E AE aa A ar ga ERA B 3 e BETEN B 4 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Table of Contents Appendix C LINKER MAP FILE FORMAT C 1 INTRODUCTION utes a E es Basan Sagan maya arc n C 1 C 2 MAP FILE COMMENTARY C 1 MOTOROLA SINE JBRARIAN RSFERENQE MANUAL yi Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Chapter 1 MOTOROLA DSP LINKER 1 1 INTRODUCTION The Motorola DSP Linker is a program that processes relocatable object files produced by the Motorola DSP assemblers generating an absolute executable file which can be loaded directly into one of the Motorola DSP simulators downloaded to an application de velopment system or converted to Motorola S record format for PROM burning A com mand line option provides for specification of a base address for each DSP memory space and logical location counter In addition a memory control file may be supplied to indicate absolute position
3. This example writes the S record output to a single file called FIL TER S and stores the memory space information in the address field ofthe S0 header record An S0 record is emitted whenever the mem ory space changes in the objecl file Use lt tlen gt as the target word length A value of 2 indicates a two byte word length A value of 3 indicates a three byte word length A value of 4 indi cates a four byte word length This option overrides any target word length implied by the processor type and therefore may lead to value padding or truncation Example SREC T4 prog The file PROG CLD is translated to S records using four byte data words Write words high to low rather than low to high when processing L memory data records This option has no effect when used with the X option Example SREC U prog The file PROG CLD is translated to S record format with L memory words written high to low A separate output file will be produced for each DSP memory space X Y L P or E represented in the input file Use word addressing when transferring load addresses to S record ad dresses This means that object file start addresses are moved unchanged and subsequent S1 S3 record addresses are computed based on the data word count Example SREC W main In this example the file MAIN CLD is translated to S record format using word addressing A separate output file will be produced for DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MO
4. lt files gt where options Any one of the following command line options The single option must pre cede the library name Option letters may be specified in either upper or low er case If no option is supplied the librarian operates as if the update U option were given MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIAN REFEREN E MANUAL 4 1 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Librarian Librarian Options 4 4 LIBRARIAN OPTIONS A C D EA lt argfil gt EW lt argfil gt 4 2 This option adds the modules in the file list to the named library The library file must exist and the modules must not already be in the library Example DSPLIB A fftlib fft16 cln fft512 cln ditfft cln In this example the files FFT16 CLN FFT512 CLN and DITFFT CLN are added to the existing library FFTLIB LIB Create a new library file and add any specified modules to it If the library file already exists an error is issued Example DSPLIB C fftlib fft16 cln fft512 cln ditfft cln In this example a new library file FFTLIB LIB is created and the files FFT16 CLN FFT512 CLN and DITFFT CLN are added to the li brary Delete the named modules from the library If the module is not in the li brary an error is issued Example DSPLIB D fftlib fft16 cln In this example the module FFT16 CLN is removed from the library FFTLIB LIB These options allow the stan
5. lt procno gt is one of the Motorola DSP pro cessor numbers e g 56000 96000 etc This option overrides the object file machine ID It is useful for handling object files from programs that do not generate target machine information Example SREC P56000 prog The file PROG CLD is translated to S record format with the assump tion that the target processor is in the DSP56000 family of proces sors Q On some hosts SREC displays a banner on the console when invoked This option inhibits the banner display It has no effect on hosts where the signon banner is not displayed by default Example SREC Q myprog cld Translate the file MYPROG CLD to S record format but do not dis play the signon banner on the console R Write bytes high to low rather than low to high This option has no effect when used with the M option Example SREC R prog The file PROG CLD is translated to S record format with bytes writ ten high to low A separate output file will be produced for each DSP memory space X Y L P or E represented in the input file MOTOROLA DSR LINKER IBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC SREC Options S T lt tlen gt U W 5 4 Write data to a single file putting memory space information into the ad dress field of the S0 header record The M and S options are mutually ex clusive Example SREC S filter
6. 3 13 SECTION directive 3 14 e SET directive en 3 19 Get A 4 B 3 SIZSYM directive 3 16 START directive 3 17 S DSP LINKER LJBRARIAN RETERENGE MANUAL MOTOROLA Go to www freescale com
7. An object file produced by the C compiler is incompatible with other files in the input stream This can result when C source files compiled using X memory for data stor age and others compiled using Y memory for data storage are linked The Linker cannot reconcile the memory differences No modules linked empty object file An object file header record was never found in the input A 4 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Warnings Object file major version number greater than Linker major version number Object file minor version number greater than Linker minor version number The input file version number generated by the assembler does not match the cur rent version number of the Linker Options for both debug and strip specified strip ignored Both the G and Z options were given on the command line The G option takes precedence Overlay buffer not aligned A circular buffer inside a relocatable overlay will be misaligned when the overlay is transferred at runtime The Linker makes no attempt to realign buffers located in side relative overlay blocks Remapping region Remapping section A REGION or SECTION directive set an existing memory space to a different map ping attribute Section already set as absolute A section listed as ordered in a memory control file SECTION record was found to be
8. See Appendix E in the Motorola DSP Assembler Reference Manual for more information on the format of relocatable object file expressions 2 3 LINKER PASSES The Linker makes two partial passes over the input data During the first pass it collects section symbol and external reference information from each input file given on the com mand line If the input file is a library the Linker checks to see if there are any external references outstanding If there are the Linker opens the library file and searches each module in the library until all external references are resolved or no more references can be satisfied within that library If there are no outstanding unresolved references the Link er skips the library At the end of the first pass a list of unresolved external references is sent to the standard output as well as to the map file if one exists References to unre solved symbols may be fixed up using the SYMBOL directive of the memory control file discussed in Chapter 3 Prior to the second pass the Linker scans its internal tables and performs fixups on sec tion start addresses and symbol values This includes setting the base relocation address for any memory spaces and counters as given by the O option on the command line or the BASE directive in the memory control file If a memory control file was specified on the command line it is opened and read to determine placement of any named sections in memory Blocks of code and
9. the assembler sets up information in the relocatable object module which indicates that an external symbol is referenced in this module and where the symbol is referenced In the relocatable object module where the symbol is defined there is information indicating that this is the module in which the symbol is defined along with the value of the symbol in the module When the modules are presented as input to the Linker the correct value of the symbol can be inserted wherever it is referenced If an external reference is made to a symbol for which there is no corresponding record in the input the Linker flags it as an unresolved external reference No final values are as MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRABRIAN REFEREN E MANUAL 2 1 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Operation Linker Passes signed to these references and the resulting output file is unusable A list of unresolved references is sent to the Linker s standard output and to the optional link map file References in the input file may be specified as either absolute or relative expressions An absolute expression is one which consists only of absolute terms or is the difference between two relative terms A relative expression consists of one relative term along with absolute terms and or the result of two relative terms with opposing signs Expressions in the input file are a modified notation as supported by the assembler
10. 1992 DSP96002 User s Manual Motorola Inc 1989 DSP56100 Family Manual Motorola Inc 1993 DSP56300 Family Manual Motorola Inc 1995 DSP56800 Family Manual Motorola Inc 1996 Motorola DSP Simulator Reference Manual Motorola Inc 1996 Motorola DSP Assembler Reference Manual Motorola Inc 1996 iv DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 MOTOROLA DSP LINKER 1 1 INTRODUCTION L s nuna CS nqa R A A A 1 2 INSTALLING THE LINKER 1 3 RUNNING THE LINKER 1 4 LINKER OPTIONS 00 iii Sun cita Chapter 2 LINKER OPERATION 2 1 INTRODUCTION costra ii EE 2 2 RELOCATION AND LINKING 2 3 LINKER PASSES masowa NAL dot uwi angu NG wma ed 2 4 LINKING WITH REGIONS AND SECTIONS 2 5 LINKING WITH CIRCULAR BUFFERS 2 6 LINKING WITH OVERLAYS Chapter 3 LINKER DIRECTIVES 3 1 MEMORY CONTROL FILE 3 2 LINKER DIRECTIVE DESCRIPTIONS 3 3 MEMORY CONTROL FILE EXAMPLE Chapter 4 MOTOROLA DSP LIBRARIAN 4 1 INTRODUCTION aa GG She eh on ke ie wit ald eck te tle WG hob ee Sede 4 2 INSTALLING THE LIBRARIAN 4 3 RUNNING THE LIBRARIAN
11. After all sections in explicit regions are located the Linker relocates remaining sections around the previously assigned blocks within the de fault region This behavior can be altered with the Linker RO option see section 1 3 2 5 LINKING WITH CIRCULAR BUFFERS A circular buffer is a fixed area of memory manipulated via special purpose DSP ad dressing modes Because of the way buffers are accessed they must be suitably aligned on an address boundary When the programmer declares a modulo or reverse carry buff er the assembler aligns the buffer block at an address corresponding to the size of the buffer The alignment may create a padding gap comprising the locations skipped to prop erly position the buffer block in memory The Linker processes buffer blocks in one of two ways By default it keeps track of the largest buffer in any section and aligns the entire section based on the size of the largest buffer block This insures that any smaller buffers contained in the section will remain aligned after relocation but it can introduce additional padding gaps because of the sec tion alignment If the A option is given on the Linker command line or if one of the buffer alignment di rectives is specified in the memory control file the Linker auto aligns buffers It extracts the buffer blocks in a given section locates them in memory before any other relocatable blocks and repositions the section code and data to fill in gaps left from
12. Internal section type information has been corrupted Invalid global section A section with a sequence number of zero did not have the proper global section name Invalid library module header An UO error occurred when attempting to read a library module header Invalid library module header format The module header for a file contained in a library has been corrupted Invalid object file for target processor Incompatible target processor object files were specified as input to the Linker Invalid operand bit size The bit size operand in an object file expression was not recognized Invalid section number A new section encountered by the Linker does not have a unique section number Invalid section number data The section number in a section symbol record is out of range Map option select failure The value returned from the mapping selection logic was not valid This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola No current counter map A valid counter map was not available This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Offset failure An attempt to save the object file offset has failed A 18 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA r More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Fatal Errors Option select error The value returned from the option selection logic was not valid This is a serious internal err
13. Missing expression An expression was expected by the expression evaluator Missing filename The filename associated with a memory control file INCLUDE directive is missing Missing option The argument associated with the X command line option is missing MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL A 11 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors Missing quote in string A single or double quote character was expected by the string parsing routines Missing string after concatenation operator The string concatenation operator must be followed by another quoted string No previous function declaration An end of function symbol record was encountered without a corresponding func tion type symbol record Operation not allowed with address term Only addition and subtraction are allowed in expressions with address terms Overlay address involves incompatible memory spaces The memory space attribute is regarded by the Linker as a type in the same sense that high level languages use type for variables Symbols may have memory space attributes of X Y L P rogram E MI or N one only N is fully compatible with all other attributes In this case the runtime overlay address was found to be incom patible with the memory space used as the overlay origin Overlay out of order The overlay sequence numbers in the input stream are out of phase Page length to
14. REGION di rective Expression cannot have a negative value The MAP PAGE directive does not allow negative expression arguments Expression contains forward references The expression representing a location counter number contains a term which the expression evaluation logic cannot resolved e g an undefined symbol Expression involves incompatible memory spaces The memory space attribute is regarded by the Linker as a type in the same sense that high level languages use type for variables Symbols may have memory space attributes of X Y L P rogram E MI or N one only N is fully compatible with all other attributes In this case two operands were evaluated with different memory space attributes neither of which was N Expression result must be absolute Certain directives and some Linker usage require absolute values as arguments or operands Expression result must be integer The expression refers to an address therefore the result must be an integer within the address range of the target DSP MOTOROLA DSP LINKER JB RAPIE REFERENCE MANUAL AT Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors External reference not allowed in expression The expression contained an undefined symbol which the expression evaluation logic cannot resolve Extra characters beyond expression The expression evaluator found extra characters after the end of a valid expres sion Unbalanced parentheses
15. Thus the number of output files generated is number of memory spaces in input size of DSP word The S option writes all information to a single file storing the memory space information in the address field of the SO header record The values stored in the address field and their correspondence to the DSP memory spaces are as follows Value DSP Memory Space X Y L P E AKON When the memory space changes in the object file section record a new S0 header record is generated The resulting output file is named lt basename gt S where lt base MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL 5 7 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC S Record File Format names is the filename of the input object file without extension The M and S options are mutually exclusive Address fields in DSP section records are copied as is to the appropriate S1 S2 or S3 record Subsequent S1 S2 or S3 record addresses are byte incremented until a new sec tion is encountered or end of file is reached In some cases the starting S1 S2 S3 record address must be adjusted for byte addressing by multiplying the section start address by the number of bytes in a DSP word When the B option is given any section address fields are adjusted to begin on a byte multiple address If the W option is specified the default byte incrementing is not done
16. already located absolutely String truncated in expression evaluation Only the first four characters of a string constant are used during expression eval uation Strip not valid with incremental link ignored The I and Z command line options are mutually exclusive The I option takes pre cedence MOTOROLA DS NKE ERAAN REE ENGE MANUAL Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors A 4 ERRORS Arithmetic exception An internal floating point exception occurred while evaluating an expression The result of the evaluation is probably not valid Autoaligned buffer not allowed in overlay A circular buffer inside a relocatable overlay cannot be auto aligned because the overlay block will be moved voiding any benefit of optimal buffer placement Binary constant expected A character other than ASCII 0 or 1 either followed the binary constant delimiter or appeared in an expression where a binary value was expected by default Bit mask cannot span more than eight bits If the first operand of a BFxxx type instruction was shifted one bit to the right until the low order bit was a 1 the resulting value must not exceed FF hexadecimal Buffer block too large The runtime location counter overflowed while the Linker was attempting to allo cate storage for a data buffer The Linker automatically advances the program counter to the next valid base address given the size of the modu
17. contents of an example memory control file The IDENT directive iden tifies the object module and gives it explicit version and revision numbers The comment is also preserved in the output file The START directive gives a starting address of FIL TER for the program overriding any previous settings done with the assembler END di rective The BASE directive indicates that the X and Y low memory counters are to be mapped into internal DSP memory with a starting address of 100 hexadecimal Any data associ ated with the X or Y low memory counters and not relocated due to a subsequent memory file SECTION directive will be assigned addresses relative to this starting location The BASE directive also shows that X and Y high memory counters have been assigned start ing address 2000 hexadecimal in external DSP memory and that linking to external pro gram memory begins at location 200 hexadecimal Note that any memory specifications given by the O command line option override the values supplied by the memory file BASE directive for the default region The RESERVE directives set aside a part of the low internal X and Y data memory even though the base address is lower than the reserved area The Linker will locate data around the reserved portions as if they had been previously allocated The REGION directive defines a sized region of memory for modulo buffers in internal ROM The corresponding MEMORY directive indicates that there are only 256 w
18. data are arranged in memory first by region then by location counter assignment Absolute sections are located first followed by ordered sections and then any remaining sections are placed in memory It is possible that addresses assigned to a section using a numbered location counter might overlap addresses of another section us ing a different counter This design is intentional so that counters may be used as a logical connection to the physical mapping of separate memories e g internal and external RAM or as a means for supporting load and runtime counters for overlays During the second pass the Linker processes the data records evaluating data fields as expressions and writing the modified values to the output file Errors are reported during either pass and the Linker may abort depending on the severity of the error Linker errors are routed to standard output so they may be redirected to a file if necessary An output file produced with errors should not be used in any case The number of errors is returned as an exit status when the Linker returns control to the host operating system 2 2 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA r More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Operation Linking with Regions and Sections 2 4 LINKING WITH REGIONS AND SECTIONS The basic relocatable entity is the section Sections are created by the assembler SEC TION directive A sectio
19. directory given in the library specification is first searched for the file If itis not found and the P option is specified the Linker prefixes the filename and optional pathname of the file specification with lt pathname gt and searches the newly formed directory pathname for the file DSP LINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Q R lt ctlfil gt U lt symbol gt MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Linker Linker Options The pathname must be a legal operating system pathname The P option may be repeated as many times as desired The directories will be searched in the order specified on the command line Example DSPLNK P project testprog This example uses IBM PC pathname conventions and would cause the Linker to prefix any library files not found in the current directory with the project pathname On some hosts the Linker displays a banner on the console when invoked This option inhibits the banner display It has no effect on hosts where the signon banner is not displayed by default Example DSPLNK Q myprog cln Link the file MYPROG CLN but do not display the signon banner on the console This option indicates that a memory control file is to be read to determine the placement of sections in DSP memory and other Linker control func tions lt ctlfil gt can be any legal operating system filename including an op tiona
20. mapfil gt MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Linker Linker Options mental linking in order to give an explicit name to the output file If the file name were allowed to default it could overwrite an existing input file Example DSPLNK I Bfilter cln main cin fft cln fio cln In this example the files MAIN CLN FFT CLN and FIO CLN are combined to produce the relocatable object file FILTER CLN The Linker ordinarily processes a list of input files which each contain a sin gle relocatable code module If the L option is encountered the Linker treats the following argument as a library file and searches the file for any outstanding unresolved references If a module is found in the library that resolves an outstanding external ref erence the module is read from the library and included in the object file out put The Linker continues to search a library until all external references are resolved or no more references can be satisfied within the current library The Linker searches a library only once when it is encountered on the com mand line Therefore the position of the L option on the command line is significant Example DSPLNK B filter main fir Lio This example illustrates linking with a library The files MAIN CLN and FIR CLN are combined with any needed modules in the library IO LIB to create the file FILTER CLD This option indicates that a map file is to be created lt mapfil gt can be an
21. opt gt lt opt gt lt opt gt 1 8 The X option provides for link time options that alter the standard operation of the Linker The options are described below means default All op tions may be preceded by NO to reverse their meaning The X lt opt gt se quence can be repeated for as many options as desired Option Meaning ABC Perform address bounds checking AEC Check form of address expressions ASC Enable absolute section bounds checking CSL Cumulate section length data see Chapter 3 SIZSYM Set Size Symbol ESO Do not allocate memory below ordered sections OVLP Warn on section overlap PSB Preserve sign bit in twos complement negative operands RO Allow region overlap RSC Enable relative section bounds checking SVO Preserve object file on errors WEX Add warning count to exit status Example DSPLNK XWEX filter cln fft cln fio cln Have the Linker add the warning count to the exit status so that a project build will abort on warnings as well as errors DSP LINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com lt filenames gt Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Linker Linker Options The Linker strips source file line number and symbol information from the output file Symbol information normally is retained for debugging purpos es This option has no effect if incremental linking is being done see the l option Example DSPLNK Z fil
22. overlays by recognizing overlay blocks reconciling overlay block addresses with pre viously relocated sections and altering values for symbols associated with overlay blocks Processing of any overlays is postponed until after all absolute and otherwise relocatable sections have been placed into the memory map This is done so that any overlays based on an explicit address e g a relocatable expression will be properly located If overlays exist that were not explicitly based default overlays the Linker attempts to base them from previous explicit blocks If there are no explicit blocks the Linker will base the default overlays from the enclosing section or region base address In all cases for default over lays the blocks will be located as if they were contiguous that is default overlays will not overlap one another After all overlay blocks are processed the Linker resolves overlay symbols Overlay sym bols are those labels defined inside an overlay within the source file The overlay block information is retained for reporting to the link map file See Chapter 4 in the Motorola DSP Assembler Reference Manual for more information on overlays 2 4 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Chapter 3 LINKER DIRECTIVES 3 1 MEMORY CONTROL FILE A memory control file is simply a text file containing Linker directives It optionally conta
23. raw data are mapped into S1 S2 or SI type records depending on the magnitude of the address value or on the type of the target processor Since Motorola DSPs use different word sizes the words must be split into bytes and stored in a suitable format The program keeps track of the input address magnitude to determine the appropriate S record format to generate If the A or P option is selected SREC uses a format corresponding to the address size or processor type specified For example if the programmer entered a P96000 option SREC would always produce S3 S7 records regardless of the input address size In the default mode of operation the program writes the low middle and high bytes of each word consecutively to the current S1 S2 S3 record being written For example given the DSP56000 raw data record below 0008F8 300000 340000 094E3E fourth word third word second word first word SREC would create the following S1 record byte count field address field checksum field _ S10D0000F808000000300000343E4E09F9 fourth word third word second word first word Output records are written to a file named according to the following convention lt basename gt lt M gt where lt basename gt is the filename of the input object file without extension and lt M gt is the memory space specifier X Y L or P for this set of data words Note that a separate file is created for each memory spa
24. system code or uninitialized buffer areas Example RESERVE PI 0 1FF Protect interrupt vectors MOTOROLA DS LINKER GRAAL REREREN E MANUAL d Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions SBALIGN Auto align Section Buffers SBALIGN lt section gt lt memb5 lt mem gt The SBALIGN directive auto aligns circular buffers within a named section All relocat able buffers found in the section are relocated independently for optimal placement in memory Code and data around the buffer is made contiguous in order to fill in previously occupied space The lt mem gt argument indicates where in memory the alignment should begin Example SBALIGN MYSEC XE 200 Realign X external buffers 312 DSP LINK YBBARIAN RERRREN EMANYAL MOTOROLA Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions SECSIZE Pad Section Length SECSIZE sections lt mem lt mem gt The SECSIZE directive provides a mechanism for padding a section to a particular length despite its code or data content The value field in the mem parameter is an expression which can either be an absolute size expressed as an integer or a floating point value rep resenting a percentage to pad Example SECSIZE PADSEC X 1000 Y 1000 X and Y absolute size SECSIZE PADSEC P 150 0 Increase size by one half MOTOROLA DSPUNKERLDBAMANLREFENENG
25. ua aa asya qu 1 8 0 pass EN 2 2 Object file Laang 1 3 1 9 E karaan 2 3 3 10 dala osa s o awa kaca DARAAN 6 3 f section anales 2 3 TA sss 6 2 Linking A 2 1 IC E NG IPO a UA 6 3 Listing file optional header 6 3 comme Mma ees C 1 relocation laan 6 3 TORII SE C 1 section header ba 6 2 M string table 6 2 symbol table 6 4 NGS e n u u baat Seat 1 5 CHEN 2 4 commentary C 1 format u L unun kiaad C 1 R Memory Region ads 2 3 3 10 MAXIMUM aan na naa es 3 9 Relocation adds 2 1 ORIGIN sadza di taaa 1 6 Wee PAA kino 2 3 3 10 EE 3 11 Memory control file 1 7 3 1 SOGO juste tate AAP 2 3 BALIGN directive 3 3 AM neice eek ete a 3 14 BASE directive l u 3 4 SZE eege 3 13 IDENT directive 3 5 SREC INCLUDE directive 3 6 installation 5 1 MAP OPT directive 3 8 operation 5 1 MAP PAGE directive 3 7 processing 5 6 MEMORY directive 3 9 S record REGION directive 3 10 COME 5 8 RESERVE directive 3 11 LA n T O 5 8 SBALIGN directive 3 12 IPS 5 9 SECSIZE directive
26. when generating S record addresses e g the S record addresses are word oriented rather than byte oriented The B and W options have no effect when used in conjunction with the M mode since in that case byte and word address mappings are 1 1 Section records for L space memory contain words which are loaded into adjacent X and Y memory locations In these cases performing the default strict word addressing may be inappropriate The L option may be given to indicate that double word addressing should be used to generate subsequent S1 S2 S3 addresses after the initial load address In ad dition the L option should be used when doing byte addressing since the initial load ad dresses must be adjusted to account for double word addressing in the object file In general it is a good idea to use the L option whenever the input object file contains sec tions which refer to L memory space 5 6 S RECORD FILE FORMAT An S record file consists of a sequence of specially formatted ASCII character strings These character strings are made up of several fields which identify the record type record length memory address code or data and checksum Each byte of binary data is encoded as a 2 character hexadecimal number the first character representing the high order 4 bits and the second the low order 4 bits of the byte 5 6 1 S Record Content An S record consists of 5 distinct fields the TYPE field the RECORD LENGTH AD DRESS field CODE DAT
27. 000 X eLpes 000000 A eLpes 080000 X Los 000000 X ces 9 0000 d apes l0000 d 11998 00000 d uonoes anen suwen Aq uns Joqui s jul ween gu s jul n n zw s jul ween L WAS JU NO 21068 NOZE sp zl0es jus mate ju Inqel o s ju sp ellos ju eZ Le 100s ju sp 100s M zqejno ju Lqejno ls ou d L 8WeN g ebedq deurojdues OZ pp GI SZ 90 Z6 0 S UOISIG JOMUIT ASA LIAN C 5 Go to www freescale com PSA RSG Rh ERROR On NENA MANUAL MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Map File Format Map File Commentary Inqe pos sp Ces cqEIAO Dau 8WeN panunuos jeuno4 de Jeu 9 anbi 090000 120000 910000 200000 en eA Luis 070000 gu s 020000 A0 Ces Z10000 sp epos 000000 eweN anfen yur a dues zjepun Qu a dwes Jepun qu a dules 2qejao sjeuiaxg peajoseJufy ecLe Les gu s Inq Les LqEJAO ep Loes SUUEN ened Aq Buns Ioqtuu S 080000 L80000 020000 ck 0000 000000 en eA y ebe deurojdues 03 pp SL 97 90 76 0 S UOISIOA JOMUIT ASA LIAN MOTOROLA For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com DSP ASSEMBLER REFERENCE MANUAL C 6 Freescale Semiconductor Inc INDEX B O WEE 1 7 4 4 5 4 Butler S ID auto align AG 1 3 ee 1 8 4 4 5 5 ig aNG BANA SS e 1 9 C _p Case significance en MOS SLUG gaci wanda 1 4 COFDMP DSPINKOPT mszana Ada 12 installation 6 1 Operation au 6 1 ER processi
28. 3 indicates a three byte address and will generate S2 records A value of 4 indicates a four byte address and will generate S3 records This option overrides any S record address length implied by the processor type Address truncation MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIAN REFEREN E MANUAL 5 1 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC SREC Options B L 5 2 may occur for targets with address ranges greater than what lt alen gt can ac commodate Example SREC A4 prog The file PROG CLD is translated to S records using the S3 S7 record format Use byte addressing when transferring load addresses to S record address es This means that object file start addresses are multiplied by the number of bytes per target DSP word and subsequent S1 S3 record addresses are computed based on the data byte count Example SREC B prog In this example the file PROG CLD is translated to S record format using byte addressing The load addresses will be multiplied by the number of bytes per DSP word A separate output file will be pro duced for each DSP memory space X Y L P or E represented in the input file Use double word addressing when transferring load addresses from L space to S record addresses This means that object file records for L space data are moved unchanged and subsequent S1 S3 record addresses are computed based on t
29. A and the CHECKSUM field 5 8 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC S Record File Format Printable Field Characters Contents Type 2 S record type SO S1 etc Record length 2 The count of the character pairs in the record excluding the type and record length Address 4 6 or 8 The 2 3 or 4 byte address at which the data field is to be loaded into memory Code data 0 2n From 0 to n bytes of executable code memory loadable data or descriptive in formation Checksum 2 The least significant byte of the one s complement of the sum of the values rep resented by the pairs of characters mak ing up the record length address and the code data fields 5 6 2 S Record Types There are ten possible Motorola S record types The following sections discuss the S record types used by the Motorola DSP SREC utility 5 6 2 1 S0 Record The SO record is the header record sometimes called the sign on record for a block of Motorola S records The address field is always 4 printable characters representing a 2 byte address Itis normally zero but when the SREC S option is used the program gen erates a code corresponding to the DSP memory space of the subsequent S record data block Value DSP Memory Space X 1 2 Y 3 L 4 5 P E With the S option whenever a
30. ACE Notation The notational conventions used in this manual are DIRECTIVE All linker directives and options are shown in bold upper case to highlight them However the linker will recognize both upper and lower case for options and direc tives Contains a list of elements or directives one of which must be selected Each choice will be separated by a vertical bar For example R L indicates that either R or L must be selected Contains one or more optional elements If more than one optional element is shown the required element separators are indicated All elements outside of the angle brackets lt gt must be specified as they appear For example the syntacti cal element lt number gt requires the comma to be specified if the optional element lt number gt is selected MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRABRIAN REFEREN E MANUAL iii or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Preface lt gt The element names are printed in lower case and contained in angle brackets Some common elements used to describe linker options are lt expr gt or A linker expression lt expression gt lt number gt A numeric constant lt string gt A string of ASCII characters enclosed in quotes lt delimiter gt A delimiter character lt option gt A linker option lt sym gt or A linker symbol lt symbol gt Supporting Publications DSP56000 Family Manual Motorola Inc
31. E MANUAL ER Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions SECTION Set Section Base Address SECTION lt section gt lt mem lt mem gt The SECTION directive either assigns a section of code or data to an absolute location in DSP memory or implies an ordering if no address specification is present The addresses serve as the base for the corresponding memory spaces and counters in the named sec tion Any memory areas not indicated in the SECTION directive are relocated relative to the global starting load address given by the O command line option or the memory file BASE directive If there is no O option or BASE directive unassigned areas are placed in memory relative to location zero If the SECTION directive appears with only a section name and no address it means that the Linker should locate this section in memory before handling any other default sec tions Thus given a set of sections A B C and D if B and C were listed in SECTION directives without a corresponding address the Linker would place B and C in memory before A and D This provides a means for ordering sections in memory Example SECTION ABS X 2000 Y 2000 X and Y absolute base SECTION ORD Ordered section 3 14 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directi
32. Freescale Semiconductor Inc MOTOROLA DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE KEE MOTOROLA DSP LINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL Motorola Incorporated Semiconductor Products Sector DSP Division 6501 William Cannon Drive West Austin TX 78735 8598 For More Information On This Product o to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Specification and information herein are subject to change without notice Motorola re serves the right to make changes without further notice to any products described in this document to improve reliability function or design Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein neither does it convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola Inc Motorola Inc is an Equal Employment Affirmative Action Em ployer This manual documents the Linker and librarian as of version 6 0 of the software Copyright Motorola Inc 1996 All rights reserved ASM56000 SIM56000 ASM96000 SIM96000 ASM56100 SIM56100 ASM56300 SIM56300 ASM56800 and SIM56800 are trademarks of Motorola MS DOS and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Sun 4 and SunOS are trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc Macintosh and MPW are trademarks of Apple Computer For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PREF
33. If a problem arises only the module with the problem need be edited and reassembled Then the programmer can relink the updated relocatable object module and the other previously created object modules to produce a new executable file 2 2 RELOCATION AND LINKING The input to the Linker is a set of relocatable object modules produced by the Motorola DSP assembler The term relocatable means that the data in the module has not yet been assigned to absolute addresses in memory instead each different section is as sembled as though it started at relative address 0 an exception to this is absolute blocks which do get assigned to absolute addresses at assembly time When creating an abso lute object module it is the job of the Linker to read all the relocatable object modules which comprise a program and assign the relocatable blocks in each section to an abso lute memory address Then in the process of actually putting the code and data read from each object module into the proper location in the executable file the Linker must fill in the correct addresses for such items as absolute addresses and references across sec tions This is the process of relocation Along with relocation the Linker performs resolution between modules so that one mod ule may reference symbols defined in a different module At assembly time the module doing the referencing has no idea where the symbol it is referencing will be in the final absolute module Therefore
34. L MOTOROLA Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions START Establish Start Address START lt expression gt The START directive gives an alternative start address to which the program will jump at runtime This value is ordinarily given by the assembler END directive The expression may consist of an absolute value or a global symbol whose value will be adjusted during link processing Example START BEGIN Jump to location BEGIN after loading MOTOROLA DS LASER SR ARA AGE EENGE MANUAL ib Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions SYMBOL Set Symbol Value SYMBOL lt symbol gt lt mem gt lt expression gt The SYMBOL directive allows the programmer to specify a value for an otherwise unre solved reference The named symbol must not have been defined during link processing The symbol is stored as an absolute global symbol The symbol value may be either in teger or floating point If the value is an address it may contain a memory space reference and optionally a counter and mapping designation Example SYMBOL TARGET X 200 Set TARGET to hex 200 3 18 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Memory Control File Example 3 3 Memory Control File Example Figure 1 shows the
35. TOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC X lt files gt MOTOROLA SREC Options each DSP memory space X Y L P or E represented in the input file Split L memory input words into respective X and Y data records This op tion has no effect when used with the U option Example SREC X prog The file PROG CLD is translated to S record format with L memory words translated to equivalent X and Y data values A separate out put file will be produced for each DSP memory space X Y L P or E represented in the input file A list of operating system compatible filenames separated by blanks If no pathname is specified for a given file SREC will look for that file in the cur rent directory If the special character is used as a filename SREC will read from the standard input stream The list of files will be processed se quentially in the order given DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL 5 5 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC SREC Processing 5 5 SREC PROCESSING SREC takes as input a Motorola DSP absolute object file and produces byte wide Motor ola S record files suitable for PROM burning The Motorola DSP COFF file header records are mapped into SO and S7 S8 S9 records respectively DSP COFF section
36. _ lt filename gt The INCLUDE directive provides for insertion of separate files containing other Linker control directives File inclusion can be convenient for always including a set of master directives in several different configuration files lt filename gt must be in quotes Example INCLUDE main ctl Include master control file DSP LINKER BR ALAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions MAP PAGE Map File Format Control MAP PAGE lt exp1 gt lt exp2 gt lt exp3 gt lt exp4 gt lt exp5 gt The MAP PAGE modifier works similarly to the assembler PAGE directive and causes the MAP file to be printed on the page according to the parameters supplied If no MAP PAGE appears in the memory control file the Linker produces a map file with a column width of 80 a physical page length of 66 lines and no blank lines at top and bottom Example MAP PAGE 132 3 3 The above MAP PAGE directive indicates a column width of 132 a physical page length of 66 lines default with three blank lines at the top and bottom of each page MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL 3 7 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions MAP OPT Map File Contents Control MAP OPT lt option gt lt option gt lt option gt The MAP OPT modi
37. absolute blocks In this case the start end and size of the block is re ported and the type of block is placed to the right of the section name On page 1 of the MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL C 1 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Map File Format Map File Commentary example listing section SECT1 contains a modulo buffer of length 32 starting at address 20 hexadecimal in X memory On the same page the section SECT2 has an overlay seg ment of length 7 that is loaded at address 12 hexadecimal in P memory The listing of sec tions by address can be turned off with the memory control file MAP OPT NOSECADDR directive see Chapter 3 MAP OPT Map File Contents Control The next titled grouping on the map report page 2 is a list of sections sorted by name The name of the section is given along with the start end and length of blocks in each DSP memory space As in the section by address listing special blocks such as buffers or overlays are shown on a line by themselves The section by name report can be disabled by using the memory control file MAP OPT NOSECNAME directive see Chapter 3 MAP OPT Map File Contents Control After the section oriented reports there appears on page 3 of the map file a symbol listing ordered by name Each line starts with the symbol name truncated to 16 characters fol lowed by the symbol type integer or floating point the memo
38. and FIO CLN are linked together to produce the absolute executable file FILTER CLD These options allow the standard error output file to be reassigned on hosts that do not support error output redirection from the command line lt errfil gt must be present as an argument but can be any legal operating system file name including an optional pathname The EA option causes the standard error stream to be written to lt errfil gt if lt errfil gt exists the output stream is appended to the end of the file The EW option also writes the standard error stream to lt errfil gt if lt errfil gt exists it is rewound truncated to zero and the output stream is written from the be DSP EINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE A gt 1 3 More Information On This Produc Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Linker Linker Options F lt argfil gt 1 4 ginning of the file Note that there must be white space separating either option from the filename argument Example DSPLNK EW errors myprog cin Redirect the standard error output to the file ERRORS If the file al ready exists it will be overwritten Indicates that the Linker should read command line input from lt argfil gt lt argfil gt can be any legal operating system filename including an optional pathname lt argfil gt is a text file containing further options arguments and filenames to be passed to the Linker The arguments in the file need b
39. ate object file specified ignored More than one M R or B option was encountered on the command line Illegal command line option The option specified on the command line was not recognized by the Linker Illegal command line E option Neither of the qualifiers A or W were provided with the E option Illegal command line X option argument The argument given with the X command line option was not recognized by the Linker Invalid syntax for command line E option There must be whitespace between the E option and its filename argument Missing argument for command line E option The E command line option must have a filename argument A 2 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Command Line Errors Missing command line option argument The expected arguments following a command line specifier were missing Missing object filename There must be at least one object filename specified on the command line No modules linked empty object file An object file header record was never found in the input Object file name same as executable file name Object file name same as map file name One of the object files appeared to the Linker to have the same name as the spec ified executable or map file The Linker aborts rather than potentially writing over an input object file Options for both debug and strip specif
40. can cause this error Extra characters in function argument or missing for function Mismatched parentheses or wrong number of parameters in a function invocation Floating point constant expected A character other than ASCII 0 through 9 e or E or appeared in an expres sion where a floating point value was expected by default Floating point not allowed in relative expression Relative expressions are generally used for address computation therefore a float ing point value would not be appropriate Hex constant expected A character other than ASCII 0 through 9 a through f or A through F either followed the hexadecimal constant delimiter 5 or appeared in an expression where a hexadecimal value was expected by default Illegal memory counter specified The memory counter specifier must be H for the high counter L for the low counter or absent for the default counter Illegal memory map character The memory map indicator must be I for internal memory E for external memory R for ROM A for port A B for port B or absent for no explicit mapping Illegal operator for floating point element Bitwise operators are invalid for floating point values Illegal option A bad argument was provided with the X command line option Invalid address expression The memory space attributes of the expression operands are incompatible A 8 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA r More Information O
41. ce encountered in the input file thus the maximum number of output files in the default mode is 4 5 6 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC SREC Processing When the M option is specified SREC splits each DSP source word into bytes and stores the bytes in parallel S1 S2 S3 records For example the following DSP56000 raw data 0008F8 300000 340000 094E3E fourth word third word second word first word would be converted by SREC into the three S1 records below byte count field address field as S1070000F800003EC2 low byte S10700000800004EA2 mid byte S1070000003034098B high byte checksum field fourth word third word second word first word The three records corresponding to the high middle and low bytes of each data word are written to separate files The files are named according to the following convention lt basename gt lt M gt lt gt where lt basename gt is the filename of the input object file without extension lt M gt is the memory space specifier X Y L P or E for this set of data words and lt is one of the digits 0 1 or 2 corresponding to low middle and high bytes respectively Note that a separate set of byte wide files is created for each memory space encountered in the input file
42. cord file Each trailer record begins with the start characters S7 S8 or S9 followed by a byte count As with the data records these record types vary only by the length of their respective address fields An S7 record has a 4 byte address field represented by 8 hexadecimal characters An S8 record has a 3 byte address field represented by 6 hexadecimal characters An S9 record has a 2 byte address field represented by 4 hexadecimal characters The address field in the trailer record is used by the SREC program to store the end address given in the object file optional header record A two character checksum immediately follows the address field 5 10 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Chapter 6 MOTOROLA DSP COFF FILE DUMP UTILITY COFDMP 6 1 INTRODUCTION The Motorola DSP COFF file dump program COFDMP is a stand alone utility that reads an absolute or relocatable Common Object File Format COFF file and produces a for matted display of the object file contents The entire file or only selected portions may be processed depending on command line options The program also can generate either codes or symbolic references to entities such as symbol type and storage class 6 2 INSTALLING COFDMP The COFDMP program is distributed on various media and in different formats depending on the host operating system environment See Appendix G in t
43. dard error output file to be reassigned on hosts that do not support error output redirection from the command line lt errfil gt must be present as an argument but can be any legal operating system file name including an optional pathname The EA option causes the standard error stream to be written to lt errfil gt if lt errfil gt exists the output stream is appended to the end of the file The EW option also writes the standard error stream to lt errfil gt if lt errfil gt exists it is rewound truncated to zero and the output stream is written from the be ginning of the file Example DSPLIB EWerrors A fftlib fft16 cln fft512 cln ditfft cln Redirect the standard error output to the file ERRORS If the file al ready exists it will be overwritten DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com F lt argfil gt L Q R MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Librarian Librarian Options Indicates that the librarian should read command line input from lt argfil gt lt argfil gt can be any legal operating system filename including an optional pathname lt argfil gt is a text file containing module names to be passed to the librarian The arguments in the file need be separated only by some form of white space blank tab newline A semicolon 3 on a line following white space makes the rest of the line a comment The F o
44. e Only relocatable ob ject files will contain this information Example COFDMP R fft16 cln In this example the section relocation information is listed from the relocatable object file FFT16 CLN Dump the section raw data from the specified file Example COFDMP S fft16 cld In this example the section raw data is listed from the absolute object file FFT16 CLD DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL 6 3 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP COFF File Dump Utility COFDMP COFDMP Processing Ay Dump the symbol table from the specified file This information may not be present if the object file has been stripped Example COFDMP T fft16 cin In this example the symbol table is listed from the relocatable object file FFT16 CLN V Dump the specified file symbolically using names for bit flags symbol types and storage classes Example COFDMP V fft16 cld In this example the entire contents of the absolute object file FFT16 CLD is dumped symbolically lt files gt A list of operating system compatible filenames If no pathname is specified for a file the program will look for that file in the current directory An explicit filename must be provided there is no default extension for the input file 6 5 COFDMP PROCESSING The COFDMP program reads the input file and writes a formatted dump of the file con tents to the standard output u
45. e sep arated only by some form of white space blank tab newline A semicolon on a line following white space makes the rest of the line a comment The F option was introduced to circumvent the problem of limited line lengths in some host system command interpreters It may be used as often as desired including within the argument file itself Command options may also be supplied using the DSPLNKOPT environment variable See the dis cussion of DSPLNKOPT under options at the beginning of this section Example DSPLNK Fopts cmd Invoke the Linker and take command line options and input filenames from the command file OPTS CMD Send source file line number information to the object file The generated line number information can be used by debuggers to provide source level debugging Example DSPLNK B G myprog cln Link the file MYPROG CLN and send source file line number infor mation to the resulting object file MYPROG CLD The Linker ordinarily produces an absolute executable file as output When the I option is given the Linker combines the input files into a single relocat able object file suitable for reprocessing by the Linker No absolute ad dresses are assigned and no errors are issued for unresolved external references Note that the B option must be used when performing incre DSP LINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com L lt library gt M lt
46. earch continues with the next module in the library file MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL 4 5 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Chapter 5 Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC 5 1 INTRODUCTION The Motorola DSP S Record Conversion Utility SREC converts Motorola DSP COFF for mat files into Motorola S record files The S record format was devised for the purpose of encoding programs or data files in a printable form for transportation between computer systems Motorola S record format is recognized by many PROM programming systems 5 2 INSTALLING SREC SREC is distributed on various media and in different formats depending on the host op erating system environment See Appendix G in the Motorola DSP Assembler Refer ence Manual HOST DEPENDENT INFORMATION for details on installing and operating SREC on your particular machine 5 3 RUNNING SREC The general format of the command line to invoke SREC is SREC options lt files gt where options Any of the following command line options The options must precede the file names Option letters may be specified in either upper or lower case 5 4 SREC OPTIONS A lt alen gt Use lt alen gt as the S record address length A value of 2 indicates a two byte address and will generate S1 records A value of
47. ed or the specified file is not a library file library file already exists In a create operation the named library file already exists missing command filename The required argument on a F command line option was missing out of memory librarian aborted There is not enough internal memory to perform dynamic allocation Since the li brarian stores all working information in memory there is the possibility that mem ory will be exhausted if many modules are processed in a single library operation MOTOROLA DSPLINKER L BRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL e Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Appendix C LINKER MAP FILE FORMAT C 1 INTRODUCTION The Linker optionally produces a memory map listing file when the command line M is specified See Chapter 1 Running the Linker for more information on command line and map listing options If the M command line option is given the map listing goes to the file named as the option argument if no argument is specified the map listing file takes the name of the first object file on the command line and changes the extension to MAP see Chapter 1 C 2 MAP FILE COMMENTARY Figure C 1 is a Linker generated map listing of a sample application The listing illustrates a selection of the format and reporting features provided by the Linker The following sec tion highlights some of
48. ems encountered during the link process such as lack of memory file not found or other internal errors The Linker halts immediate ly The Linker also will provide information on the file name module ID and section location of the error if it can be ascertained Messages are always routed to standard output MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRABRIAN REFEREN E MANUAL A 1 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Command Line Errors A 2 COMMAND LINE ERRORS Align not valid with incremental link ignored Both the I and A options were given on the command line The A option auto aligns circular buffers in the output file but an incrementally linked file 1 must re tain original buffer placement for future linking If both are specified the Linker does not auto align Cannot open command file Cannot open library file Cannot open map file Cannot open memory control file Cannot open object file The file associated with a F L M R or B command line option was not found or could not be opened Default object file not allowed in incremental link When performing an incremental link using the I option the B option must be used in order to name the output object file The default naming convention cannot be used because it might overwrite one of the input files Duplicate map file specified ignored Duplicate memory control file specified ignored Duplic
49. errors generally cause the librar ian to stop processing Warnings Warnings indicate that a file cannot be open or that a module already exists or does not exist in the library The librarian continues processing Fatal Errors Fatal errors signify serious problems encountered during library processing such as lack of memory file not found or other internal errors The librarian halts imme diately MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRABRIAN REFEREN E MANUAL B 1 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Librarian Messages Command Line Errors B 2 COMMAND LINE ERRORS argument missing A necessary argument such as a module name was missing from the librarian command line unknown option The given command line option is not recognized The librarian continues as if the U option had been given B 2 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Librarian Messages Warnings B 3 WARNINGS lt module gt already in library In an add operation a module with the same name as the one specified already ex ists in the library lt module gt not in library The named module was not found in the specified library This error can occur for example during a replace operation ambiguous command The interactive command issued at the librarian prompt was not unique to the set of characters e
50. fier determines the content of the output in the Linker map file The following MAP OPT options are available GLOBMAP produce global map by memory space NOCONST do not list symbols without a memory space attribute NOGLOBSYM omit symbols from global map NOLOCAL do not list non global symbols e g symbols which are local to a section NOSECADDR do not list sections by address NOSECNAME do not list sections by name NOSYMNAME do not list symbols by name NOSYMVAL do not list symbols by value NOUNUSED do not list unused memory blocks If no MAP OPT is found in the memory control file the Linker will list all symbols and sec tions by name address and value Example MAP OPT NOCONST NOSYMVAL The above MAP OPT directive specifies no constants in the map listing and no symbols by value 3 8 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions MEMORY Set Region High Memory Address MEMORY lt mem gt l lt mem gt The MEMORY directive establishes a maximum high memory address for locating code and data in the given memory region If the Linker attempts to relocate a block beyond the address specified in the MEMORY directive an error will occur This directive is use ful for reflecting the true physical memory limits of the target system Example MEMORY PE 1FFF Ex
51. fil gt EW lt errfil gt MOTOROLA Auto align circular buffers Any modulo or reverse carry buffers defined in the object file input sections are relocated independently in order to optimize placement in memory Code and data surrounding the buffer is packed to fill the space formerly occupied by the buffer and any corresponding alignment gaps Example DSPLNK A myprog cln Link the file MYPROG CLN and optimally align any buffers encoun tered in the input This option specifies that an object file is to be created for Linker output lt objfil gt can be any legal operating system filename including an optional pathname A hyphen also may be used as an argument to indicate that the object file should be sent to the standard output If a pathname is not specified the file will be created in the current directory If no filename is specified or if the B option is not present the Linker will use the basename filename without extension of the first filename encoun tered in the input file list and append CLD to the basename If the I option is present see below an explicit filename must be given This is because if the Linker followed the default action it possibly could overwrite one of the existing input files The B option should be specified only once If the file named in the B option already exists it will be overwritten Example DSPLNK Bfilter cld mam cn fft cln fio cln In this example the files MAIN CLN FFT CLN
52. gh location counters if none is given the default counter is used Alterna tively an expression in parentheses may be provided to indicate an arbitrary counter des ignation The map field indicates Internal memory External memory ROM port A or port B this field may be omitted in which case no explicit mapping is done 3 2 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions BALIGN Auto align Circular Buffers BALIGN lt mem gt lt mem gt The BALIGN directive auto aligns circular buffers within a particular region All relocat able buffers found in any section within the region are relocated independently for optimal placement in memory Code and data around the buffer is made contiguous in order to fill in previously occupied space The lt mem gt argument indicates where in memory the align ment should begin Example BALIGN XE 200 YE 200 Realign X and Y external buffers MOTOROLA DS LINKER GRAAL REREREN E MANUAL 3 Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions BASE Set Region Base Address BASE lt mem gt lt mem gt The BASE directive indicates where to begin the location counter for the given memory region This will be the base link address for all specified memory areas and all linked code and data withi
53. he Motorola DSP As sembler Reference Manual HOST DEPENDENT INFORMATION for details on install ing and operating COFDMP on your particular machine 6 3 RUNNING COFDMP The general format of the command line to invoke COFDMP is COFDMP options lt files gt where options Any of the following command line options The options must precede the file name Option letters may be specified in either upper or lower case If no option is supplied the entire input file is dumped MOTOROLA DS YE R RAPA R K NE MANUAL S Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP COFF File Dump Utility COFDMP COFDMP Options 6 4 COFDMP OPTIONS C D lt dmpfil gt F H 6 2 Dump the string table of the specified file This information may not be present if the object file has been stripped Example COFDMP C fft16 cld In this example the symbol table is listed from the absolute object file FFT16 CLD This option specifies that a dump file is to be created for cofdmp output lt dmpfil gt can be any legal operating system filename including an optional pathname If the D option is not specified then the program will route dump output to the standard output usually the console or terminal screen by default The D option should be specified only once If the file named in the D option already exists it will be overwritten Example COFDMP D filter dmp filter cld In this example the absolu
54. he data word count divided by 2 This option should always be used when the object file contains sections in L memory space Example SREC L filter cld Convert the file FILTER CLD into separate S record files for each memory space in the object file Convert L space load addresses to long addresses in the S record file Split each DSP word into bytes and store the bytes in parallel S records The M and S options are mutually exclusive Example SREC M main For each memory space in the file MAIN CLD create multiple S record files that correspond to each byte in the target DSP word For example if MAIN CLD contained only references to P memory and the target DSP is the DSP56000 then SREC would produce the files MAIN PO MAIN P1 and MAIN P2 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC SREC Options O lt mem gt lt offset gt Add lt offset gt to S record addresses in lt mem gt memory space lt mem gt is one of the valid memory space specifiers X Y L P or E lt offset gt must be given in hexadecimal Example SREC OP 100 prog The file PROG CLD is translated to S record format with the value 100 hexadecimal added to all P memory addresses P lt procno gt Assume lt procno gt object file format This makes a difference in the type of S type data records produced
55. ied strip ignored Both the G and Z options were given on the command line The G option takes precedence Seek failure An attempt to seek randomly to verify a library file has failed Strip not valid with incremental link ignored Both the I and Z options were given on the command line The l option takes pre cedence MOTOROLA DS NKE ERAAN REE ENGE MANUAL AS Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Warnings A 3 WARNINGS Actual length of section greater than specified size The length of a section is greater than the absolute size given in a memory control file SECSIZE directive Duplicate global symbol A global symbol in one object file was also defined by the same name in a different module Duplicate XDEF symbol An external symbol in one object file was also defined by the same name in a dif ferent module EMI 8 bit memory value truncated EMI 12 bit memory value truncated EMI 16 bit memory value truncated EMI 20 bit memory value truncated The value in a data directive was too large for the current EMI memory configura tion Empty bit mask field The first operand of a BFxxx type instruction was zero Expression value outside fractional domain The expected fractional value was not within the range 1 0 lt m lt 1 Incompatible debug format The input object file debug information is not compatible with the current version of the Linker Memory model mismatch
56. ing of sections in DSP memory as well as physical mappings to internal and external memory The Linker optionally generates a map file which shows memory assignment of sections by memory space and a sorted list of symbols with their load time values 1 2 INSTALLING THE LINKER The Linker is distributed on various media and in different formats depending on the host operating system environment See Appendix G in the Motorola DSP Assembler Ref erence Manual HOST DEPENDENT INFORMATION for details on installing and oper ating the Linker on your particular machine 1 3 RUNNING THE LINKER The general format of the command line to invoke the Linker is DSPLNK options lt filenames gt where options Any of the following command line options These can be in any order but must precede the list of source filenames Some options can be given more MOTOROLA DSP LINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL 1 1 More Information On This Produc Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Linker Running the Linker 1 2 than once the individual descriptions indicate which options may be speci fied multiple times Option letters can be in either upper or lower case Command options that are used regularly may be placed in the environment variable DSPLNKOPT If the variable is found in the environment the Linker adds the associated text to the existing command line prior to processing any options See your host documentati
57. ins module identification a global starting load address for linking purposes and ordering sizing or placement information for any named sections Section addresses may be for any memory space and any logical location counter The memory control file also can specify physical memory mappings internal external associated with any memory space or counter In addition global unresolved symbols may be assigned values in the memory control file 3 2 LINKER DIRECTIVE DESCRIPTIONS Linker directives are commands which control the operation of the Linker with respect to section relocation buffer alignment symbol definition and map file format Linker direc tives are listed below BALIGN MAP SBALIGN SIZSYM BASE MEMORY SECSIZE START IDENT REGION SECTION SYMBOL INCLUDE RESERVE SET Several of the directives use the notation mem or memx to indicate the contents of a field The definitions of mem and memx are as follows mem lt attr gt lt exp gt memx lt attr gt lt exp gt lt exp gt attr lt scm gt lt sme gt scm lt spc gt lt ctr gt lt map gt sme lt spc gt lt map gt exp spc Y L P ctr L H map E R A B exp expression MOTOROLA DSELINKER ERARIAN RGEERENGE MANUAL S Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions The spc field indicates one of the DSP memory spaces X Y L P The ctr field specifies either Low or Hi
58. ion section symbol symbol map map 3 20 filter 2 1 Filter module filter xli 100 xhe 2000 yli 100 yhe 2000 pe 200 xli 200 3ff yli 200 3ff internal rom x 256 y 256 buffers input ple 100 filter pe 5400 output phe 800 xdata xhe 2000 ydata yhe 2000 page 132 3 3 opt nosecaddr nosymval Figure 1 DSP Linker Memory Control File Example DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor Inc Chapter 4 Motorola DSP Librarian 44 INTRODUCTION The Motorola DSP Librarian is a stand alone utility that allows separate files to be grouped together into a single file for linking or archival storage After a library is created files may be added deleted replaced or extracted from the library The library contents may also be listed indicating the module name base name of the input file path size in bytes and the date and time the module was entered into the library 4 2 INSTALLING THE LIBRARIAN The librarian is distributed on various media and in different formats depending on the host operating system environment See Appendix G in the Motorola DSP Assembler Reference Manual HOST DEPENDENT INFORMATION for details on installing and operating the librarian on your particular machine 4 3 RUNNING THE LIBRARIAN The general format of the command line to invoke the librarian is DSPLIB options lt library gt
59. ious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Current relocation map not available A valid relocation map could not be accessed This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Current relocation section not available A valid relocation section could not be accessed This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Current section not available A valid current section could not be accessed This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Duplicate section entry An attempt was made to place two sections with the same name and memory at tributes into a single region Expression operator failure Expression operator lookup has failed This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Expression stack underflow The internal expression evaluation list is out of sequence This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Fatal segmentation or protection fault contact Motorola A program error has caused the Linker to access an invalid host system address This generally indicates a bug in the Linker software MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL A 17 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Fatal Errors File contains no relocation information An absolute object file was specified as input to the Linker Invalid data block type
60. ker from positioning correctly in the output object file Cannot set current section The current module section map has been corrupted This is a serious internal er ror that should be reported to Motorola Cannot set section counter The current module counter map has been corrupted This is a serious internal er ror that should be reported to Motorola Cannot write left margin to map file Cannot write new line to map file Cannot write new page to map file Cannot write page header to map file Cannot write string to map file An I O error occurred which prevented the Linker from writing data to the output map file Cannot write text data headers to object file Cannot write file header to object file Cannot write line number entries to object file Cannot write optional header to object file Cannot write padding to object file A 16 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA r More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Fatal Errors Cannot write raw data to object module Cannot write relocation entries to object module Cannot write section headers to object module Cannot write string table to object file Cannot write symbols to object file An I O error occurred which prevented the Linker from writing data to the output object file Compare select failure The comparison indicator passed to the evaluator selection logic was not valid This is a ser
61. l pathname If a pathname is not specified an attempt will be made to open the file in the current directory If no filename is specified the Linker will use the base name filename without extension of the first filename encountered in the link input file list and append CTL to the basename If the R option is not specified then the Linker will not use a memory control file The R option should be specified only once Example DSPLNK Rproj filter cIn gauss cln In this example the files FILTER CLN and GAUSS CLN are linked together using the memory file PROJ CTL Allows the declaration of an unresolved reference from the command line lt symbol gt must be specified This option is useful for creating an undefined external reference in order to force linking entirely from a library Example DSPLNK U start Lproj lib Declare the symbol START undefined so that it will be resolved by code within the library PROJ LIB DSP EINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE A gt 1 7 More Information On This Produc Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Linker Linker Options V This option causes the Linker to report linking progress beginning of pass es opening and closing of input files to the standard error output stream This is useful to insure that link editing is proceeding normally Example DSPLNK V myprog cin Link the file MYPROG CLN and send progress lines to the standard error output X lt
62. lo or reverse carry buffer Buffer out of order The buffer sequence numbers in the input stream are out of phase Cannot nest regions A REGION directive in the memory control file may not appear between another REGION ENDR pair Cannot open include file The file specified in a memory control file INCLUDE directive was not found or could not be opened Decimal constant expected A character other than ASCII 0 through 9 either followed the decimal constant de limiter or appeared in an expression where a decimal value was expected by default Divide by zero The expression evaluator detected a divide by zero A 6 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors Duplicate global symbol Two identically named global symbols have been found Duplicate local symbol Two identically named symbols have been found which are local to the same sec tion Duplicate region assignment for section A memory control file SECTION directive with the same name and memory at tributes was assigned to more than one region Duplicate special symbol The Linker reserves a few symbol names to deal with certain floating point entities such as Infinity and Not a Number These symbols are Inf Nan Tiny and Huge ENDR without corresponding REGION directive An ENDR directive in the memory control file did not have a matching
63. lt library gt lt files gt 4 4 This option updates the specified modules if they exist in the library other wise it adds them to the end of the library file Example DSPLIB U fftlib dm cn In this example the file DITFFT CLN is updated in the library FFTLIB LIB Display the librarian version number and copyright notice on standard out put Example DSPLIB V This example displays the current librarian version number and copy right notice Extract named modules from the library The resulting files are given the name of the modules as stored in the library module header Example DSPLIB X fftlib fft16 cln fft612 cln This example extracts the files FFT16 CLN and FFT512 CLN from the library FFTLIB LIB The files are placed in the current directory An operating system compatible filename including optional pathname specifying the library file to create or access If no extension is supplied the librarian will automatically append LIB to the filename If no pathname is specified the librarian will look for the library in the current directory The librarian also has an interactive mode where commands can be en tered repeatedly without reloading the librarian program for each operation If the librarian is invoked without arguments it prompts for a command string The interactive commands correspond to those given above and the syntax is similar to that of the command line Because interactive input is taken fr
64. memory change occurs a new S0 header record is pro duced In this case if a data block were to be located in X memory the address field would contain 30303031 note that such use of the SO address field is a DSP specific extension to the standard SO record format The code data field may contain any descriptive infor mation identifying the following block of S records This is followed by the normal two character checksum MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL 5 9 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP S record Conversion Utility SREC S Record File Format 5 6 2 2 S1 S2 S3 Records Each data record begins with the start characters S1 S2 or S3 followed by a byte count These record types vary only by the length of their respective address fields An S1 record has a 2 byte address field represented by 4 hexadecimal characters An S2 record has a 3 byte address field represented by 6 hexadecimal characters An S3 record has a 4 byte address field represented by 8 hexadecimal characters Data bytes follow the address field and are represented by hexadecimal character pairs A two character checksum ter minates the data record The SREC program guarantees that the number of bytes in an S1 S2 or S3 data record is an integral multiple of the word size of the target DSP 5 6 2 3 S7 S8 SI Records These are end of file records and may appear only once in the S re
65. must be greater than 100 0 Specified address greater than maximum memory address The directive address is greater than the argument given in a previously encoun tered MEMORY directive for this region Specified size greater than maximum memory address The size given in a memory control file SECSIZE directive is greater than the argu ment given in a previously encountered MEMORY directive for this region Symbol already defined A symbol assumed to be unresolved and named in a memory file SYMBOL record has already been defined Symbol name too long Symbols are limited to 512 characters The first character must be alphabetic or the underscore character A Z a z The remaining characters must be alphanumer ic including the underscore character A Z a z 0 9 Symbol tag mismatch A matching tag reference could not be found for a tagged symbol table entry Syntax error expected Syntax error expected The Linker was expecting the end of either a memory space designator or a loca tion counter expression while parsing a memory attribute string MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL A 13 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors Syntax error expected comma The Linker was expecting a comma while parsing the arguments of a function Syntax error expected quote The Linker was expecting the start of a quoted string Syn
66. n This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors Invalid address relocation field Either a new record began or end of file was reached when the Linker was reading the address specification in a memory file BASE or SECTION record Invalid EMI memory designation The EMI memory type does not fall within an appropriate range of values Invalid function name The Linker could not match an internal function name Invalid include file name The filename associated with a memory control file INCLUDE directive is missing or malformed Invalid MAP option Invalid MAP option field Invalid MAP page field Invalid MAP record field One of the options or fields in a memory control file MAP record was not recog nized by the Linker Invalid memory space field The memory space specifier for a SIZSYM directive was not found Invalid module name field The module name field associated with a memory control file IDENT directive is missing or malformed Invalid overlay base address An overlay base address was given that specified an address within another over lay segment Invalid page length specified The minimum page length allowed by the MAP PAGE directive is 10 lines per page The maximum is 255 Invalid page width specified The minimum page width allowed by the MAP PAGE directive is 1 column per line The maximum is 255 MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL A 9 or More
67. n may contain code or data from any DSP memory space and the addresses of the code or data may be relocatable or absolute Sections that are not ab solute at assembly time can be located either directly using the Linker memory control file SECTION directive or indirectly via the Linker command line O option or the control file BASE directive Note that sections do not have to be relocatable to be linked an absolute section can be linked with any arbitrary module that contains or satisfies a reference to that section Sections may be grouped for relocation into regions A region is a defined area of mem ory where sections are located Regions make it possible to specify varying base ad dresses for different groups of sections and set boundaries for section growth Whereas sections represent blocks of code or data which are positioned within a given memory map regions designate an area of a specified size where sections can be placed There is always at least one default region Other regions are defined using the Linker RE GION directive A region always has a size and a start and end address If these are not given the Linker uses default values e g if no end address is supplied for a region the highest target address is used Regions should not overlap One exception is that regions may overlap for setting overlay base addresses Another exception is the default region which allows explicit regions to supersede it for relocation blocks
68. n the region except for sections relocated absolutely via a memory file SECTION directive Code and data not explicitly relocated will originate from this ad dress The BASE directive is analogous to the Linker O command line option Example BASE XE 200 YE 200 PI 200 Set memory base addresses ed DSP LINKED BRA RIN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions IDENT Object Module Identification IDENT lt module name gt lt version gt lt revision gt lt comment gt The IDENT directive functions similarly to the assembler IDENT directive by identifying the name version number and revision number of the absolute or incrementally linked output module The information is sent to the resulting output file The lt module name gt adheres to the rules for assembly language labels so that it must begin with an alphabetic character and consist only of alphanumeric characters or the underscore up to a length of 255 The version number and revision number must be absolute expressions If a com ment follows the version and revision numbers it will be copied into the output file as well Example IDENT MYMODULE 1 2 MYMODULE version 1 revision 2 MOTOROLA DSR LINKER IBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL e Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions INCLUDE Include Directive File INCLUDE
69. ng WEE 6 4 Command line musas 1 1 Environment variable 1 2 Command line option 1 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 Error E TN 1 3 4 2 5 1 5 4 command line A 2 B 2 Ee 1 3 5 2 fatal aaa A 15 B 4 A A 4 2 6 2 OULPUL eee 1 3 4 2 O eo ee ee are rere 4 2 6 2 OO 1 3 4 2 apo EW ony dE 1 3 4 2 File Pasza 1 3 1 4 4 2 4 3 6 2 Object aa 1 9 GA AN 1 4 SPF AA O 6 2 A O PO APA 1 4 SCENE 1 5 4 3 5 2 6 3 Incremental link 1 4 Seeerei 1 5 1 6 5 2 _L A NAN MP PA PACAN 1 6 LOE Nanang 5 3 6 3 Librarian AA AT AA 1 6 5 3 installation 4 1 Rda ida 1 7 4 3 5 3 6 3 operation 4 1 e RE 1 7 4 3 5 3 6 3 Library y aya AA AE 4 4 ais 5 4 6 3 GPOQ e vn Dana 4 2 A PONOC 6 4 Mee 4 3 MOTOROLA DS LINCER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL H Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Index CL PA AR 1 6 SYMBOL directive 3 18 processing 1 5 4 5 Module A O ARE 1 9 A ORA 4 2 Linker delete 4 2 command line 1 1 A si uuu sa NAAN 4 4 directive 3 1 replace 4 3 installation 1 1 UPA O PAO 4 4 operation 1 1 ie len cc a a
70. nless the D command line option is given I O redirection may be used to send the output to a file if the host operating system supports it The program currently will not dump individual modules from library files they must be ex tracted and then dumped Also note that if the file has been stripped some information may no longer be available in the file such as relocation information line number entries and symbol and string table data The input file must be a Motorola DSP COFF object file either absolute or relocatable See Appendix E in the Motorola DSP Assembler Reference Manual MOTOROLA DSP OBJECT FILE FORMAT for more information on Motorola DSP COFF object files 6 4 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Appendix A LINKER MESSAGES A 1 INTRODUCTION Linker messages are grouped into four categories Command Line Errors These errors indicate invalid command line options missing filenames file open errors or other invocation errors Command line errors generally cause the Linker to stop processing Warnings Warnings notify the programmer of suspect constructs but do not otherwise affect the object file output Errors These errors indicate problems with object file format size of address fields and syntax In these cases the resulting object code is generally not valid Fatal Fatal errors signify serious probl
71. not read the module header in the specified library Either an I O error occurred or the library file is empty cannot rename lt file gt An error occurred while attempting to rename a library file cannot save command file arguments The librarian could not obtain enough memory to store the module names given in the command line option file cannot stat module The librarian could not obtain date and time information for the named module B 4 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA r More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Librarian Messages Fatal Errors cannot write end of module marker An I O error occurred preventing the librarian from writing the end of module mark er to the library file cannot write header to library file An UO error occurred preventing the librarian from writing the module header to the library file delete requires explicit module names At least one module name must be given for a delete operation error reading file An UO error occurred while reading a file error writing file An UO error occurred while writing a file fatal errors lt library gt not altered This is an informative message indicating that the named library was not changed because of previous fatal errors file UO error An UO error occurred while either reading or writing a file improper module header format A module header in the library file has been corrupt
72. ntered cannot open module file The named module file could not be open Either the file does not exist or there was an I O error command requires library name All interactive commands require that the library name follow the command name on the input line duplicate module name The same module name was entered twice on the command line invalid command The librarian did not recognize an interactive command MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL B 3 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Librarian Messages Fatal Errors B 4 FATAL ERRORS add requires explicit module names At least one module name must be given for an add operation cannot allocate argument vector cannot allocate copy buffer cannot allocate input buffer cannot allocate module structure cannot allocate module vector cannot allocate output buffer The librarian did not have enough memory to allocate internal data structures cannot create temporary file name The librarian was unable to create a temporary file name for the library scratch file cannot open command file The named command line option file does not exist or there was an I O error cannot open library file The named library file does not exist or there was an I O error cannot open temporary file An I O error prevented the librarian from opening the temporary library scratch file cannot read module header The librarian could
73. o small for specified top and bottom margins The sum of the top and bottom margins specified in the MAP PAGE directive is greater than the page length 10 Page length too small to allow default bottom margin The bottom margin exceeds the page length specified in the MAP PAGE directive Region high address lower than base address A memory control file BASE directive had a greater value than a corresponding MEMORY directive for a given region Region size address mismatch The size field in a memory control file REGION directive does not correlate with the computed size derived from BASE and MEMORY directives for the same region Region without associated ENDR directive A REGION directive in the memory control file did not have a matching ENDR di rective s DSP LINK EGE UN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors Relative expression must be integer A relative expression must evaluate to an integer value Relative terms from different sections not allowed Two relative terms from different sections may not participate in an arithmetic op eration since the result might not be meaningful This error may be disabled with the Linker XC option Section not found The section named in a SECTION SBALIGN or SECSIZE directive could not be found by the Linker Section padding percentage too small The percentage of padding in a memory control file SECSIZE record
74. om the standard input channel of the host environment it is possible to create a batch of librarian commands and feed them to the program for execution via redirection Enter help or at the prompt for more information on the librarian interactive mode A list of operating system compatible filenames separated by blanks If no pathname is specified for a given file the librarian will look for that file in the DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Librarian Library Processing current directory For input operations the filenames may also contain an optional pathname the path is stripped when the file is written to the library For output operations only the filename should be used to refer to library modules The list of files will be processed sequentially in the order given 4 5 LIBRARY PROCESSING A library file may contain several relocatable object modules each of which contains one or more global symbol definitions Rather than being normal input to the Linker a library file is searched This means that for each relocatable object module in the library a check is made to determine whether any globally defined symbols in the library module match any externally referenced symbols encountered in previous input modules If so the relo catable object module from the library is included in the executable file If not the s
75. on for instructions on how to define environment variables Option arguments may immediately follow the option letter or may be sepa rated from the option letter by blanks or tabs However an ambiguity arises if an option takes an optional argument Consider the following command line DSPLNK B MAIN IO In this example it is not clear whether the file MAIN is an input file or is meant to be an argument to the B option If the ambiguity is not resolved the Link er will assume that MAIN is an input file and attempt to open it for reading This may not be what the programmer intended There are several ways to avoid this ambiguity If MAIN is supposed to be an argument to the B option it can be placed immediately after the option letter DSPLNK BMAIN IO If there are other options on the command line besides those that take op tional arguments the other options can be placed between the ambiguous option and the list of input file names DSPLNK B MAIN V IO An alternative is to use two successive hyphens to indicate the end of the option list DSPLNK B MAIN IO In this latter case the Linker interprets MAIN as an input file name and uses the default naming conventions for the B option DSP LINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Linker Linker Options 1 4 LINKER OPTIONS A B lt objfil gt EA lt err
76. or that should be reported to Motorola Out of memory link aborted There is not enough internal memory to perform dynamic allocation Since the Linker stores all working information in memory including symbol and section in formation there is the possibility that memory will be exhausted if many symbols or sections are defined in a single Linker run Relocation type select failure A value returned from the memory control file function select logic is bad This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Section map lookup failure A valid section map could not be accessed This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Section nesting error The section nesting count is out of phase Seek failure An attempt to seek randomly in the object file has failed Symbol map lookup failure A valid symbol map could not be accessed This is a serious internal error that should be reported to Motorola MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL A 19 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Appendix B LIBRARIAN MESSAGES B 1 INTRODUCTION Librarian messages are grouped into three categories Command Line Errors These errors indicate invalid command line options missing filenames file open errors or other invocation errors Command line
77. ords of memory in each data space for this region the default base is zero The example SECTION directives are similar to the format of the BASE directive except that the particular section is named so that the individual section counters may be modi fied For the section named INPUT the program low memory counter is initialized to 100 hex and mapped to external memory The program memory for the FILTER section uses the default location counter and sets the initial value to 400 hex mapped to external mem ory Finally the OUTPUT section is set to 800 hex using the high memory P space counter mapped to external memory Two unresolved symbols are given values with the SYMBOL directive The symbol XDA TA is assigned to external high X memory with a value of 2000 hexadecimal The symbol YDATA is assigned to external high Y memory with a value of 2000 hexadecimal Both symbols will be stored as absolute global entities The MAP directives control the formatting and content of the link map file The first direc tive sets the page width to 132 with three blank lines at top and bottom The second di rective disables the reporting of sections by address and symbols by value MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL 3 19 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Memory Control File Example ident start base reserve region memory section endr section sect
78. ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors Invalid region name field The region name associated with a memory control file REGION directive is miss ing or malformed Invalid relative expression The terms of a relative expression may only participate in addition and subtraction operations and must have opposing signs Invalid relocation type field An invalid record type was encountered in the memory control file Invalid reserve range syntax The syntax for the memory control file RESERVE is such that the range is given as two values from the same memory space and mapping separated by two periods in succession Invalid revision number field The revision number field in a memory control file IDENT record is not valid The value must be a decimal integer number Invalid section name field The section name associated with a memory control file SECTION directive is missing or malformed Invalid shift amount A shift expression must evaluate to within the range O lt n lt 32 Invalid source line number The source line number in a relocation expression must be an integer Invalid start address expression The end address expression in the optional header record is malformed Invalid start address field The start address field in a memory control file START record is not valid The con tents must be a positive numeric value Invalid symbol Symbols a
79. p 0 OWN d 66669 4444 Z 6800 ze 4200 Se Z800 Le 3500 ze 4600 G9 0700 fue pug 6800 800 0900 0900 Ly00 0200 0000 yes unelop 0 Alrowejy X e6eq dewrejdiues OZ pp GIL 92 90 26 0 S UOISIG JOU ASA LIION C 3 Go to www freescale com PSA RSG Rh ERROR On NENA MANUAL MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Map File Format Map File Commentary panunuos jeuno4 dejN 1 yur 9 anbi o NA NN aert ce G9 y bue7 100 8100 LO 6800 c060 LLOO 0200 3 00 2800 aooo 9000 1600 0700 puq L 00 L 00 Le00 800 0060 3000 0000 0900 0900 Z000 0000 0200 0000 ues yunejep d yunejep d ynejep A ynejep X ynejep d yunejep d ynejep A ynejep X ynejep X ynejep d ynejep d ynejep X ynejep X SUuoN Alowejy sulen Aq dew AUF uoqoe MO sqv pow sqv pow 71088 epos Loes TVdO TD uon5es z 6eq deurojdues OZ pp GI SZ 90 Z6 0 S UoISISA JOMUIT ASA LION MOTOROLA For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com DSP ASSEMBLER REFERENCE MANUAL C 4 Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Map File Format Map File Commentary panunuos jeuno4 dejN 18y4ur anbi Tad N431X3 Tad TVgO TS Tad Tad Tad HI41NA TYBO TS Tad 43439 Tad Tad Tad TVgO TS Tad AV THHAO N431X3 Tad AV T1d3AO Tad TVgO 15 Tad semquiy apes LE0000 A BLpes 020000 A Los 070000 X apes l0000 d ces Le0000 A Los 0c0000 X BLpes 090
80. padding and re MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIAN REFEREN E MANUAL 2 3 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Operation Linking with Overlays located buffers The Linker sorts the buffers placing the largest blocks in memory first in order to make more eligible addresses available for subsequent smaller blocks Auto alignment works only with relocatable buffers the Linker will not attempt to realign any absolute block Also a buffer defined inside a relocatable overlay cannot be auto aligned because the assumption is that the overlay block will move invalidating any opti mal placement of the buffer If a buffer is declared using an open ended alignment direc tive such as BADDR the Linker will not auto align any buffers within that section associated with the current memory space and counter This is because the Linker has no knowledge of how far the open ended block extends and since alignment works only at the section level the Linker must abandon auto alignment of all buffers in the section See Chapter 4 in the Motorola DSP Assembler Reference Manual for more information on circular buffers 2 6 LINKING WITH OVERLAYS An overlay is a segment of code or data that is loaded at one address but is moved and executed or used at another location A good example is a user program burned into PROM and transferred into internal RAM by the DSP bootstrap program The Linker han dles
81. ption was introduced to circumvent the problem of limited line lengths in some host system command interpreters Example DSPLIB Fopts cmd Invoke the librarian and take command line filenames from the com mand file OPTS CMD List library contents This option lists the module name as contained in the library header the module size less library overhead and the date and time the file was stored into the library The listing output is routed to stan dard output so that it may be redirected to a file if desired Example DSPLIB L fftlib gt fftlib Ist This example lists the contents of the library FFTLIB LIB The output is redirected to the file FFTLIB LST On some hosts the librarian displays a banner on the console when invoked This option inhibits the banner display It has no effect on hosts where the signon banner is not displayed by default Example DSPLIB AQ mylib clb myprog cin Add the file MYPROG CLN to the library MYLIB CLB but do not dis play the signon banner This option replaces the named modules in the given library The modules must already be present in the library file Example DSPLIB R fftlib fft512 cln ditfft cln This example replaces the files FFT512 CLN and DITFFT CLN in the library FFTLIB LIB DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL 4 3 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Librarian Librarian Options U V X
82. re limited to 512 characters The first character must be alphabetic or the underscore character A Z a z _ The remaining characters must be alphanu meric including the underscore character A Z a z 0 9 A 10 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA r More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Errors Invalid symbol memory mapping The memory type for a symbol in the symbol table does match a valid Linker mem ory configuration Invalid symbol name field Either a new record began or end of file was reached when the Linker was reading the name specification in a memory file SYMBOL record Invalid symbol value field Either a new record began or end of file was reached when the Linker was reading the value specification in a memory file SYMBOL record Invalid version number field The version number field in a memory control file IDENT record is not valid The value must be a decimal integer number Left margin exceeds page width The blank left margin value in the MAP PAGE directive exceeds the default or specified page width parameter Missing for function Parentheses are not balanced in an internal function call Missing in expression Parentheses are not balanced in an expression Missing in expression Square brackets are not balanced in an expression Missing in expression Curly braces are not balanced in an expression
83. ry space if any and value the name of the section in which the symbol is defined and the symbol attributes A sym bol can be absolute or relative REL local XDEFed EXTERN or global and possibly associated with a buffer or overlay This portion of the map listing may be omitted through the memory control file MAP OPT NOSYMNAME directive see Chapter 3 MAP OPT Map File Contents Control The last page of the listing shows a symbol listing sorted by value The listing by value can be turned off with the memory control file MAP OPT NOSYMVAL directive see Chapter 3 MAP OPT Map File Contents Control The final report group lists the unresolved externals found during the link phase This con sists of all the symbol references for which there was no corresponding definition found in the link input The Linker indicates the symbol name and the module in which the refer ence was made C 2 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Map File Format Map File Commentary jeuo4 de Jet L 5 n sqv MO sqy BOW pow sselppy Aq dew yu uon5es GASANN epos GASANN 21005 21005 epos Loos Loos uonoos GASANN 21005 epos epos dasnnn Loes Loes uonloos G9 v9 4444 trl Feb Fb ON y bue7 c060 3330 100 8100 LOO 0000 9000 puq 0 0 0060 6100 cL00 cL00 3000 Z000 0000 UI Unele
84. table file FILTER CLD All sym bol references are mapped to lower case O lt mem gt lt ctr gt lt map gt lt origin gt By default the Linker generates instructions and data for the output file be ginning at absolute location zero for all DSP memory spaces This option allows the programmer to redefine the start address for any memory space and associated location counter lt mem gt is one of the single character memory space identifiers X Y L P The letter may be upper or lower case The optional lt ctr gt is a letter indicat ing the high H or low L location counters If no counter is specified the default counter is used lt map gt is also optional and signifies the desired physical mapping for all relocatable code in the given memory space It may be I for internal memory E for external memory R for ROM A for port A and B for port B If lt map gt is not supplied then no explicit mapping is pre sumed The lt origin gt is a hexadecimal number signifying the new relocation address for the given memory space The O option may be specified as many times as needed on the command line This option has no effect if incremental linking is being done see the l option Example DSPLNK Ope 200 myprog Lmylib This will initialize the default P memory counter to hex 200 and map the program space to external memory P lt pathname gt 1 6 When the Linker encounters input files the current directory or the
85. tax error in expression The syntax in a memory file BASE or SECTION record is not correct possibly missing a colon before the address specification Unresolved overlay base address The symbol used as the runtime overlay address was never resolved during the fix up phase A 14 DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Fatal Errors A 5 FATAL ERRORS Arithmetic exception An internal floating point exception occurred while evaluating an expression Cannot determine file size The size of the input link module could not be determined Cannot find GLOBAL section The memory control file processing logic could not locate a GLOBAL section record Cannot find section record The Linker was unable to locate a previously accessed section record This is a se rious internal error that should be reported to Motorola Cannot open library file Cannot open object file The Linker attempted to open a library or object file for reprocessing on the second pass and the open failed Cannot read file header from library module Cannot read file header from object module An I O error occurred which prevented the Linker from reading the file headers in a library or object file Cannot read line number entries from object module Cannot read module string table size Cannot read object module section headers Cannot read object mod
86. te load file FILTER CLD will be dumped to the output file FILTER DMP Dump the file header of the specified file Example COFDMP F fft16 cln In this example the file header is listed from the relocatable object file FFT16 CLN Dump the section headers of the specified file Example COFDMP H fft16 cld In this example the section headers are listed from the absolute ob ject file FFT16 CLD DSP LINKER LIBRA IAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA ore Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP COFF File Dump Utility COFDMP L O R S MOTOROLA COFDMP Options Dump the source file line number information from the specified file This information may not be present if the object file has been stripped Example COFDMP L fft16 cin In this example the source file line number information is listed from the relocatable object file FFT16 CLN Dump the optional header of the specified file Example COFDMP O fft16 cln In this example the optional header is listed from the relocatable ob ject file FFT16 CLN On some hosts COFDMP displays a banner on the console when invoked This option inhibits the banner display It has no effect on hosts where the signon banner is not displayed by default Example COFDMP Q myprog cld Dump the file MYPROG CLD but do not display the signon banner on the console Dump section relocation entries from the specified fil
87. ter cln fft cln fio cln In this example the files FILTER CLN FFT CLN and FIO CLN are linked to produce the absolute object file FILTER CLD The output file will contain no symbol or line number information A list of operating system compatible filenames including optional path names If no extension is supplied for a given file the Linker first will at tempt to open the file using the filename as supplied If that is not successful the Linker appends CLN to the filename and attempts to open the file again If no pathname is specified for a given file the Linker will look for that file in the current directory The list of files will be processed sequentially in the order given and all files will be used to generate the object file and map list ing For more details on Linker operation in a particular machine environment see Appendix G HOST DEPENDENT INFORMATION in the Motorola DSP Assembler Reference Manual MOTOROLA DSP EINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE A gt 1 9 More Information On This Produc Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Chapter 2 LINKER OPERATION 2 1 INTRODUCTION Using a Linker allows the programmer to break up a large program into more manageable modules which may be assembled or compiled separately These modules can then be link edited to produce an absolute module of the complete program
88. ternal program memory ends at hex 1FFF MOTOROLA OSA LINEA RABA O REFERENCE MANUAL gt Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions REGION Establish Memory Region REGION lt region gt lt mem gt lt mem gt ENDR The REGION directive defines a region of memory in which to locate sections The region name identifies the region The optional lt mem gt parameter gives an absolute region size The REGION directive is used in conjunction with existing control directives to specify a bounds for placing sections in memory For example a BASE directive used within a RE GION ENDR pair defines the base address for that region only Likewise a MEMORY di rective within a REGION scope indicates the high address for the enclosing region Example REGION INTERNAL ROM X 256 Y 256 BASE X 0 Y 0 Base for INTERNAL ROM region only SECTION BUFFERS ENDR ka DSP LINK BR GAN REFERENCE MANUAL MOTOROLA Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions RESERVE Reserve Memory Block RESERVE lt memx gt lt memx gt The RESERVE directive sets aside a block of memory which the Linker will not use for relocation The expression field in the lt mem gt parameter takes the form of a range n m where n is the low reserve address and m is the high reserve address This directive can be used to protect ROM locations
89. those features At the top of every map listing page is a banner which identifies the Linker and lists its version number the date and time of linking the current input file name and the page number The map file page length width and margins can be controlled by the memory control file MAP PAGE record see Chapter 3 MAP PAGE Map File Format Control The first titled grouping in the report is a list of sections sorted by starting address This list of sections is subdivided by DSP memory and ordered by counter such that all X de fault counter 0 memory references are grouped together followed by X low counter 1 memory and so forth Each line gives the starting address ending address and length of every uniquely named section in the Linker input stream if that section contained code or data for the current memory space The length reflects the total of all section fragments assimilated from separate input files As a result there is only one line for each section even if the section appears in different files If sections are located such that they overlap in memory the Linker will flag the overlap in the map file to the right of the section name The link map also shows any unused memory areas between allocated blocks These lines may be disabled using the MAP OPT NOUNUSED directive see Chapter 3 MAP OPT Map File Contents Control A section name may be repeated for a given memory space if that section contains buff ers overlays or
90. ule string table Cannot read object module symbol entries Cannot read raw data from object module Cannot read relocation entries from object module An I O error occurred which prevented the Linker from reading entities in the input object file Cannot read optional header from library module Cannot read optional header from object module An I O error occurred which prevented the Linker from reading the optional head ers in a library or object file MOTOROLA DSP LINKER L BRARIANREFEREN E MANUAL A 15 or More ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Messages Fatal Errors Cannot seek to library module symbol table An I O error occurred which prevented the Linker from positioning correctly when attempting to read a library module symbol table Cannot seek to object module line number entries Cannot seek to object module raw data Cannot seek to object module relocation entries Cannot seek to object module section headers Cannot seek to object module symbol table An I O error occurred which prevented the Linker from positioning correctly in the input object file Cannot seek to start of line number entries Cannot seek to start of object data Cannot seek to start of object file Cannot seek to start of object module Cannot seek to start of section headers Cannot seek to start of string table Cannot seek to start of symbol table An I O error occurred which prevented the Lin
91. ve Descriptions SET Set Symbol Value SET lt symbol gt lt memb5 lt expression gt The SET directive is a synonym for the SYMBOL directive described below It is useful for sharing counter declaration files between the assembler and Linker since the syntax is compatible Example SET PCTR 5 Set P memory counter number MOTOROLA DS LIE RAPA R KE TEN MANUAL Ai Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Linker Directives Linker Directive Descriptions SIZSYM Set Size Symbol SIZSYM lt symbol gt lt attr gt lt section gt The SIZSYM directive makes it possible to declare an arbitrary symbol to hold section length data This is useful when the programmer needs a cumulative section length for overlay handling It is analogous to the SYMBOL directive in that the symbol so defined may be employed to resolve an external reference in a source file If no section name is supplied the Linker returns the length of all sections for the memory space and counter specified Ordinarily the Linker retains length data only for relocatable sections use CSL see X option to cumulate length data for absolute and buffer sections as well Note that SIZSYM symbols are valued after the memory control file is read so that attempting to reference the symbol value within the memory control file itself may cause erroneous results Example SIZSYM XLEN X Assign length of X memory to XLEN 16 DSP LINKED BRA RIN REFERENCE MANUA
92. y legal operating system filename including an optional pathname A hyphen also may be used as an argument to indicate that the map file should be sent to the standard output If a pathname is not specified the file will be created in the current directory If no filename is specified the Linker will use the basename filename with out extension of the first filename encountered in the input file list and ap pend MAP to the basename If the M option is not specified then the Linker will not generate a map file The M option should be specified only once If the file named in the M option already exists it will be over written Example DSPLNK M filter cln gauss cln In this example the files FILTER CLN and GAUSS CLN are linked together to produce a map file Because no filename was given with the M option the output file will be named using the basename of the DSP EINKER LIBRARIAN REFERENCE A gt 1 5 More Information On This Produc Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola DSP Linker Linker Options N first input file in this case FILTER The map file will be called FIL TER MAP The Linker considers case significant in symbol names When the N option is given the Linker ignores case in symbol names all symbols are mapped to lower case Example DSPLNK N filter cin fft cln fio cln In this example the files FILTER CLN FFT CLN and FIO CLN are linked to produce the absolute execu

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