User Manual
Contents
1. 160 j40 4 f 30 5 j14 30 5 j13 7 5 2 6 4 7 ome THO nE 66 rifa gS o 29 0 339 4 24 6 137 3 241 FS a 0 a 24 9233076034 140 7 24 9 j 167 Summerfl A P So kam of N S S 1 uy wy Ni w N ee _od and then power of generation at bus DGD 30 5414 140 7 24 9 9 4 24 6 339 4 24 6 140 7 24 9 or Capacitive compensation 339 4 24 6 140 7 24 9 28 j7 H j400 52 5 19 1 40 j32 2 N Be ef lt N 24 5 j12 1 24 5 j12 1 19 160 j40 4 137 3 24 1 67 Summerfl 160 j40 4 ani 30 5 j13 7 52 6 4 6 LEE 25 5 j13 9 137 3 24 1 67 Summertl 160 j40 4 A 30 5 j13 7 137 3 24 1 67 Summertl 20 As you can see graphical representation of bus reflects parameters entered with context panel In addition any connected to bus object can be edited individually At the picture below there is genera tor context panel available for selected generator object St Grops A E Fre sities ere eee E E 64 Kammer BaT 4 Kammer 160 j40 4 112 4j82 Sman 30 54 14 30 5 13 7 25 5 j13 9 339 4 24 6 nS 137 3 24 1 rT AT 140 7 24 9 67 Summerfl 52 5 19 24 5 j12 1 40 32 All tabular data is transferred to diagram on each load flow calculation Also all parameters can also be edited in tabular representation You can see calculated load flo2. Qhead MVar__ Reactive load flow at branch head Z o o Ptail MW__ Active load flow at branch tail S tail MVar__ Reactive load flow at branch head o Z o o pot JA Bramchecurrent S Area PI f Mw_ Aggregated active area load SSS MVar__ Aggregated reactive area load ooo CPF results and its analysis JE ti at The main CPF result is border state achieved by following CPF trajectory depending on cause of following termination LF divergence or constraint violation When border state caused by stability margin crossing the case found usually moved by trajectory back for security reasons This is due to fact that even small disturbance of case close to stability margin can push system to instability It is common to set two margins for practical power system dispatch The first one is closer to stability margin and called emergency margin The distance from stability margin usually 8 of load flow in border state The second margin called operational with distance 20 of the flow in border state In addition voltage magnitudes are secured on level above 15 of border state When border caused by constraints viola tion it is used as is with zero security distance Engineers are often interested not only in border variables values but in dependencies between system parameters CPF can reveal these dependencies and help to identify many sorts of problems in power system CPF provides variable tracking both in
3. User Manual 1 2 7 beta www inorxl com TABLE OF CONTENTS WASIS AL enn amen usta ccieaeaeaciatoaade ded aatiansioasateae unease ose aidaddeuaneacoed aataatnulemeanateud 3 FIOW TO UIE KS CA 0 n O a A ated eadadessaasteeagcoerteaeseadadavs 3 Wihatical Vot O WICH INOMK 2 ceeuscrse eet die estetad suet A a A 3 What Integration With EXCel BIVES P sisc2 52 18i55 a5esenetapdbacnapelsacsadiseabensdsaaceblesndsoleasadiabiianaoluseoaaneeoiades 4 WHE IS system FEQUIFGIM ONES 7 iced tine cetthiGec dheiecscadserccebeliersSotieee es Siete aAa a 4 POW Ori SalI ORM anaia R E a E a tet 5 HOWTO Use MOTA 2 aea e A 5 BUSES WOKS NCE oeme na EE A EO E eens 6 Branches Worksheet erorar e T O O rT OT 7 SERC WOLK NEE Uoi acaeradenedewacicetsemantosiaaetiet odotaeuan uae nc den aide dsuman oda ameoawbakecdutnce 9 MPT CaS WORKS NOG whaect crate taaetncs tances tote eg uamaauntdoeandisatete a en emineestaseentaa 11 Parameters Works he urana eE E ssaneets wens aaa neg weno eam eesenaeraes 11 HOW IMOEXLMINTEROFetS WOrkS Necta 05 nic sncicsiusdsgcubeubtentinecticpeuted aseee un a E 12 FIOW TOUISC LaS KDa auna tah eneatiencel his aaustod us nus tawnec deuce eau T 13 HOW TO Wte macros WIEN NOLL uaina a a aa 13 Working WIEN Cla Falls enuen a a a a N a aumnanseaeanossewiconiee 15 FIOW TO ODEN GAGS o aiena a AT E A NRA 15 Howtocontrolview and tSelements Ternsirntaninnn t ia AA ead Sie che 16 How to create and Set Up graphical ODjECtS renuaiiaiarnani onan a Na 16
4. 3 branch pulled can be connected with any free bay of an ws other bus If right mouse button is pressed on marker 137 1 wh transformer will appear connected to bay To remove trans former right click it again Transformers can be considered as bay continuation They have its own markers acting by the same way as markers of bays Branches are the set of points connected by hori zontal or vertical lines When any point of branch is moved automatic rearrangement of all lines occurs For unselected branch no point markers are shown For selected branch all points will highlighted by markers All markers can be moved Start and end markers are a bit larger than other 137 3 24 1 Markers 25 5 13 9 18 These markers can be glued to bay markers connecting branch to bay To disconnect branch select it and drag start or end marker away from bay Bay will be freed Branch has two text blocks connected to start and end markers to show power flow values Also branch has arrows showing direction of the flow through it For unconnected branch flow will be shown as symbol Text blocks can be moved and rotated independently from branch When branch state is off it will be shown by dotted line Bus and branch selected can be deleted by pressing Del key On bus deletion all branches have been connected to it will be disconnected but not removed from diagram How to set up model parameters using diagram All parameters
5. Ctrl Right click Return to previous zoom and pan If nothing stored zoom out by 50 Shift Drag Enter pan mode Cursor will appear as hand Move mouse to pan chart win ety dow Zoom in out relatively to chart window center When hovering cursor above some channel tool tip will appear soon indicating Moxasare ece E vV Cema channel legend Right click on channel shows context menu for this channel Right 7 aaan MeyaTe click outside any channel show context menu for common chart properties EAEE EE r annbie annoie Bpema 3aronoskn Menu contents are different but contains some identical items referred to common chart properties Copy Copies chart contents to clipboard There are three possible copy modes available for choice in submenu Image Data Data Time In image mode graphical content of the window will be copied in WMF format suitable for most windows applications In data mode table with numerical values for each channel will be copied in csv for mat Data Time mode is identical to data mode except table will contain additional column with CPF step values to which channel points refers Table header in Data and Data Time modes depends on switches in Captions submenu When checked table header will contain column captions formatted from legends of channels On the right side of chart window there is a list of channels captions legend list When cursor is hoveri
6. LRCs will be described as follows a a 0 158 0 000 10 100 6 200 0 000 0 000 In this table Vmin separates pieces of LRCs Active power LRC is in effect from Vmin 0 to infinity and expressed by 3 coefficients In the rest of table lines coefficients for this LRC are zero despite of Vmins are given This means LRC on active power is not changed for these Vmins and will be in effect to infinity with coefficients from first table line Reactive power LRC expressed by three different polynomi als for each Vmin While load flow calculation load at bus referred to this LRC will be controlled by these functions 1 2 To control bus load by some LRC just enter LRC identificator to LRC column on Buses worksheet After load flow is calculated check values in columns Plc and Qlc and compare with PI and o 8 QI values of the same bus Please note that pieces of LRC must not have gaps by P or Q at each Vmin points An example of such unacceptable gap is shown on figure InorXL will check each LRC and inform user about found 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 1 2 14 0 6 x This is standard LRC for 35 kV loads and it is referred as Type 2 in Russian engineering practice 11 gaps with error message Areas worksheet Area number If this number is entered to some node s Area column this node will be included to this area ago ooo Aggregated reactive power
7. These buttons acts as up down dials and also indicates current bays count Pressing on top half of button increases bay count on side of corresponding color pressing on bottom decreases If some bays are busy by connected objects it is not possible to decrease its count until these bays released Maximum bays count is restricted to 16 for each side Bays are separated in space by two grid steps At the left side of bus or at the bottom when bus is rotated by 90 voltage magnitude and phasor angle are shown At the right side or at the top bus number and name Text blocks can be moved and rotated independently from bus Text blocks stays always linked to bus so when bus is mov ing text blocks moves too When bus is rotated these text blocks will be realigned automatically Also text blocks can be rounded by thin frames as it demanded by some diagram presentation standards You can turn frames presentation on and off in graphics preferences dialog see below Bay can be found on two possible states busy and free When some object is connected to bay it is busy When not bay is free and while mouse hovering above its unconnected end it will be high lighted by green marker Voltage magnitude Markers and phasor oh 134 4 11 Number and name 20 j8 Markers can be dragged away from bus by mouse In this case branch will pulled from bay One end of this branch will be connected to bay already The other end of 78
8. load flow calculations As you probably know Excel offers ability to record user macros and to debug them Access to workbook data from macro language is simple and convenient and possibilities to man age and analyze data are almost unlimited So macro development is not such hard deal and it can save huge amount of time All source and result data are stored in Excel workbook There is no need in additional files and databases You can analyze your data and prepare reports even without InorXL installation because there is no any InorXL specific data in workbook It makes sharing and publication of data very simple InorXL can import rg2 files format of most widely spread in Russia network analysis software All necessary data can be transferred and converted to Excel workbook Strictly speaking there is no InorXL file format because it is regular Excel workbook with set of worksheets and formatted columns Thus it s not hard to import InorXL case from Excel What Is system requirements You can install and run InorXL on any computer that meets following requirements e CPU is SSE3 enabled virtually all CPUs manufactured from 2005 e Microsoft Windows XP Vista 7 32 or 64 bit is installed e Microsoft Excel 2007 32 bit or Microsoft Excel 2010t 32 or 64 bit is installed In 64 bit operating system InorXL can run only as Excel 2010 add in Excel 2010 is preferable due to performance advantages on data loading and updating Bu
9. B gt 0 B lt 0 Pic jQlc Depending on set of given and unknown variables in source data each bus can have one of three types PQ load bus with given power injections Voltage magnitude and angle must be calculated V slack bus with given voltage magnitude and angle For this type of bus power injection must be calculated to balance whole network island PV generation bus with given power injection and voltage magnitude Reactive power injection and phasor angle must be calculated For this type of bus one must also provide reactive power range Qmin Qmax PV type buses are used to model buses with generators controlled by voltage regulators Regu lator controls excitation of generator which in turn varies generator reactive power output Reactive power of generator is limited by its construction and regulator cannot provide constant voltage at gen erator bus when reactive power is out of acceptable range If limits on reactive power are violated volt age at generator bus becomes variable For load flow case calculation generator bus must be provided with reference voltage Vref and reactive power range Qmin Qmax Until reactive power of generator bus within its range bus will be kept as PV type Voltage of this bus V will be equal to Vref angle and reactive power output will be calculated When reactive power becomes greater than Qmax bus type switches to PQ and reactive power output of this bus becomes equal to Qmax Vol
10. jBo After import ing load flow case from RastrWin Ghead Bhead Gtail and Btail will be filled with equivalent values referred to line reactors n Go jBo If your case created with InorXL these conductances may be ig nored Branch may have zero or negative reactances In theory negative reactances leads to conver gence problems but in most cases InorXL can take workarounds with such parameters When load flow calculation is successfully completed Phead Qhead Ptail and Qtail columns will be filled with calculated power flows Power flows are calculated at points just near bus connection as shown by metering transformers symbols at figure above Resistance of transformer branches refers to head bus voltage Shunt conductance Grait JBtail refers to tail bus and will not be modified with respect to voltage magnitude LRCs worksheet N Load response curve identifier When this number is entered to LRC field of some bus bus load will be controlled by this LRC Po constantpower coefficient on activepower a0 constant power coefficient on reactivepower SSS Q1 Constant current coefficient on reactive power Constant impedance coefficient on reactive power Active and reactive power loads can be modeled as functions of bus voltages Usually load is ex pressed as P const Q const but for some load types such as electrical machines power con sumption varies with voltage at its connection bu
11. of three possible types Tracked variable linked to model properly active and ready to collect data Tracked variable inactive Data will not be collected for this variable vy Tracked variable is not connected to model properly Data will not be collected for this varia ble Link to model has to be corrected The toolbar above tracked variables list is to control it Add new tracked variable This button brings up variable properties dialog which allows to link it to model Remove selected variables This button active only when at least one variable is selected Edit selected tracked variable This button is active when exactly one variable is selected It brings up variable properties dialog This dialog can also be accessed by double click on some variable Activate selected variables This button is active only when at least one variable is selected Deactivate selected variables This button is active only when at least one variable is select ed Clear collected data for all tracked variables Tracked variable properties dialog is almost identical to trajectory parameter dialog The only difference is types of parameters available Type Parameter Unit Meaning O Bus PI MW___ Activebusload S MVar Reactive busload o P MW___ Activebusgeneration Z S g MVar___ Reactive bus generation S __ Angle Degrees _ Voltage phasor angle SS pv fk Voltage magnitude o
12. on Windows 7 Vista does To enable ele vation just confirm UAC prompt If your user account is not member of Administrator group you may be asked for Administrator password After startup installer will present you license agreement You must agree with it and then in staller will begin to test your computer for system requirements This test may continue up to half of minute depending on your computer performance When test will be complete the list of system re quirements will be presented with green or red checkmarks on each item All items ex cept RastrWin DB engine must be green If all mandatory system require ments are met proceed to install All neces sary components will be copied and regis tered on your computer Two dynamic link libraries will be installed to your Program files InorXL subfolder and few folders with NET Framework 4 0 manuals resources and examples There is no own shortcut at desktop or Start menu for InorXL because it launches only when Excel launches To check InorXL is installed properly run Excel and ensure InorXL tab is appeared on main Excel ribbon and Taskbar Calculation results is shown at the right of worksheet area InorXL can be uninstalled from Control panel Enter Programs and components find InorXL from list of installed programs check it and click Uninstall at window title Checking system requirements Now installer will check your computer hardwa
13. vergence Errors may have peaks related to PV PQ bus type switching Voltage magnitudes determine solution quality When voltage magnitude drops below 0 5 of Unom or raises greater than 2 of Unom calculation interrupts with error Calculation module tries to keep voltage magnitudes in acceptable ranges by ordered PV PQ bus switching Startup method does not use Imb parameter thus you may see N A in this column for startup iterations Startup method iterations are shown in gray text and Newton method are in black text Log area shows basically messages warnings and errors You can click message and in most sit uations InorXL will show worksheet and object on which message was generated How to write macros with InorxXL InorXL can be used as component when developing F References VBAProject VBA macros All functions available by user interface are alSO saisie references available in VBA To create macros you have to enable Devel IN Wises Automaton asses for Avex cancel e oper ribbon of Excel By default it is hidden To enable it go exo LoType lban Bronse o Excel options Popular and check Show developer tab on ropes LoType Lira 4 the ribbon This way is for Excel 2007 To enable ribbon in ne bav 629 te Excel 2010 click File tab click Options and then in the cat Somes egories pane click Customize ribbon Select Developer i Ta a T from list and click OK
14. yellow Load and generation power and power loss es inducted by shunts will be summed for corresponding areas Branches 1 5 1 2 2 4 2 3 and 2 5 referred to area 1 by its head nodes and drops losses to area 1 Branches 3 4 4 5 and transformers with heads at bus 4 drops losses to area 2 Areas usage does not alter load flow result in any way Parameters worksheet There are three parameters for InorXL And all of them are parameters of computational mod ule P imbalance is acceptable imbalance on active power Load flow solution will be considered as feasible if imbalance on active power in any of buses is lower than acceptable imbalance and reactive power generation for PV buses will be in acceptable Qmin Qmax ranges By default P imbalance set to 1 MW Iterations max parameters limits iterative process to desired number of iterations of Newton method Startup method is not controlled by this parameter and may perform up to 100 iterations to ensure initial guess quality By default maximum number of iterations is limited to 20 If load flow case is not calculated you should consider imbalances at each iteration presented by InorXL taskbar If imbal ance is continuously decreases it may be a good idea to increase maximum iteration count and try to 12 solve load flow case again Please note that imbalance curve may have peaks related to PV PQ bus switching If imbalance increases continuously case may be inapp
15. How to set Up model parameters USING diagram csccccsssecccsscccenececesececenecccsencessecesseceneness 18 How to use COMMON View tools at context panel Po eecccssscceesececesececeseeeeeeeceseeecesseeeeenees 20 Continuation IGA TOW eaea eh ates Ghats ene tka ee es 21 Border state DY SLADINILY Mare erine E wane ueshargeaine mands A auneuneds 22 BOrder State DY SVSTEINI COMSEFAINIES ueiaire E E tanita aka 22 Continuation load flow ih INOCKE eorna a indy docetiadasaahdadoaceiews oseeaddanace 22 CPE trajectory SOU accuses ace A etc ater nde bs aca oad nae tea saree te aia eae coeinealeed actmeedeomemmer seinen 22 Tracked Variables and c nstraints SOUUD ssc cceseceseands eaecd ess teed cesanid a a a aah 25 GPE PESUIES ANG ILS AMAIVSIS aransr airna a a a E divers teteai abe ueesaen 26 Chart control ODEratl Ol ewsscs east ence or ecustorencs a a nema ce vende a 27 CPE CONO icnn A E E E T 28 How to reenable InorXL when it is occasionally disappeared from Excel ssssssessseesesrreserrerees 29 What is InorXL InorXL is software add in for Microsoft Excel that enables power system load flow calculations directly in Excel environment InorXL was inspired as a continuation of long work on load flow calcula tion module Inor designed to run as EMS application on powerful servers Despite of original com putation engine relies on advanced vector and parallel data processing it is now adapted to customer level hardware and able to show ex
16. Q bus e Gen generator bus with fixed voltage magnitude with reactive power within re active power constraints e Gen generator bus with fixed voltage magnitude and with reactive power lim ited by Qmax constraint e Gen generator bus with fixed voltage magnitude and with reactive power lim ited by Qmin constraint While entering data you can select types Off Slack and Load from combo boxes While load flow calculation the rest of types will be determined automatically Nominal bus voltage magnitude measured in kV It is mostly used for flat start and for calculation of relative voltage values Real part of ground conductance Positive number means active power consumption Imaginary part of ground conductance Positive number means reactive power consump tion inductance shunt Negative means reactive power generation capacitance shunt Area number which bus belongs to Areas are used to group buses for aggregation pur poses into Areas worksheet It is not mandatory field if you are not going to calculate aggregated areas parameters Load response curve number Can be empty See LRCc worksheet chapter to learn more about LRCs Active load power in MW Negative number means generation Reactive load power In MVar Negative number means generation Calculated active load power in MW with respect to bus LRC If no LRC given Plc will be equal to PI This field will be filled automatically after load flow Calculate
17. ad flow must be feasible and no system constraints violation can be accepted 22 Stability margin can also be described indirectly by values of dependent variables achieved by load flow solution To access its values during trajectory following so called tracked variables are used For example trajectory can control loads at some buses and tracked variables can collect data on some branch flows Border state reached by this trajectory can be represented by border loads and or by border flows Often flows are used to describe margin of border state because it is easier to collect branch flows measurements in actual power system control It is common to distinguish border states by stability and by system constraints Border state by stability margin Classical way to establish stability of power system for small disturbances requires its lineariza tion and analysis of eigenvalues of state matrix This is complex computational task and often instead of eigenvalues calculation it is possible to examine constant term of characteristic polynomial Change of its sign while trajectory following indicates crossing of stability margin Further simplifications allows to associate constant term of characteristic polynomial with the Jacobian The list of assumptions which makes this association possible is 1 All generators in small disturbances model are represented by PV type buses in load flow model 2 All loads in small disturbances model
18. cellent performance It is well known that Microsoft Excel is widely used as auxiliary software for power system analy sis especially for data preparation and reporting We think it is good idea to enable Excel to calculate load flow directly in its environment InorXL installs as additional module for Excel and makes one simple and reliable solution for engineers students and developers of power systems It may be interesting to know that InorXL is distributed freely There are no limitations on study case dimensions result saving and functions set Software installer user manual and video presentations are found at www inorxl com You can visit forum to share your experience and opinions about this program How to quickstart In this manual you will find all information to master your skills on InorXL If you just want to test and feel it you can proceed to quickstart guide where step by step case setup of standard 14 bus IEEE system is described Quickstart guide is included to your InorXL installation and located in Docs sub folder You can also watch video on this guide on the Examples page of www inorxl com So you can take some experience on simple example and then return to this manual What can you do with InorXL Load flow calculation module can solve steady state load flow case in power system network with lumped parameters There is no artificial limit on case dimensions Acceptable case dimensions depend
19. ch name This field is filled automatically with respect to names of head and tail bus es State State of branch Can be on and off Real part of branch resistance in Ohms Can be zero Imaginary part of branch resistance in Ohms Can be zero or negative Real part of ground conductance in uSm Positive number means active power consump tion Imaginary part of ground conductance in Sm Negative number means reactive power generation conductance shunt positive reactive power consumption inductance shunt Kt Real part of transformer ratio Ratio is defined as result of division of voltage magnitude at tail bus of the branch by voltage magnitude at head bus If Kt is zero or empty InorXL will treat it as unity Depending on transformer ratio branch model can be represented as power transmission line model or power transformer model For Kt 1 Phead jQhead R Ptail jQtail _ For Kt 1 Phead jQhead R 7 Kt jikt Ptail jQtail ar r E a T O E a Ghead Bhead G Difference is in the way of shunt part modeling Ordinary branch with Kt 1 has shunt conduct ance divided equally between head and tail buses Transformer branch with Kt 1 has whole shunt con ductance at head bus Auxiliary conductances are introduced for compatibility with RastrWin branch model These conductances refers to RastrWin line reactors Each reactor has conductance Go
20. ctor processing technologies but we have good news With new technolo gies for example with AVX from Intel we can perform up to four simultaneous floating point opera tions So in future when new CPUs become available InorXL would have additional performance boost What integration with Excel gives Power system studying practice in many facilities shows that Microsoft Excel is widely used by engineering stuff especially for preparing data and reports generation Spreadsheets abilities for calcu lation automation and data presentation are suitable for large amount of tabular data which is usual for power system studying From the Excel s user point of view InorXL is add in that enables to enter data to Excel worksheets and to calculate load flow Calculation results are placed to specific columns of the same worksheets All Excel features on sorting filtering additional calculation and chart representation of data are still available InorXL user interface is integrated to Excel as additional toolbar ribbon and special taskbar The last one allows to present calculation logs and convergence results InorXL does not alter usual Excel workflow After InorXL installed it is possible to use all Excel functionality without any limitations Being an add in InorXL is a part of Excel at runtime All functions of InorXL available from user interface are also available from Excel s VBA environment You can develop your own macros that utilize
21. d Max are just declarative Actually Min Const value is not necessary has to be less than Max value It is possible to reverse this field values and trajectory will control variable in reverse way variable will decrease while trajectory following Value Action bar start Action bar end Tracked variables and constraints set up Tracking tab shows the list of tracked variables whose values are collected at each CPF step In addition InorXL allows checking system constraints such as voltage magnitudes and branch overcurrents For voltage magnitude constraints checking it is possible to limit bus set to those which nominal voltages are higher than indi cated in For bus higher than field This feature is useful for large models with detailed low voltage distribution networks representa tion Acceptable voltage magnitude range can be set in the next field in percent Overcurrent constraints checking require indication of long term acceptable current for branches and transformers There is special column for this quantity on Branches worksheet Imax When this column is not on worksheet it can be created as usual in place of any unused column Maximum possible current magnitudes must be given in amperes When no value given for some branch or value is zero no constraint checking for this branch will be per formed during CPF There is also calculated current value column I on Bra
22. d reactive load power in MVar with respect to bus LRC If no LRC given Qlc will be equal to Ql This field will be filled automatically after load flow Active power generation in MW Negative number means load Reactive power generation in MVar Negative number means load Lower limit of reactive power in MVar for generation bus This field is in effect only in case of Vref field is given see below Upper limit of reactive power in MVar for generation bus The value in this field must be greater than Qmin for this bus This field is in effect only in case of Vref field is given see below Reference voltage magnitude for generation bus in kV Load flow algorithm will try to en force this magnitude while calculation If this field is empty voltage magnitude will be calculated To enforce voltage magnitude you have to give some range Qmax gt Qmin for this bus Calculated voltage magnitude in kV Doo Calculated voltage angle in electrical degrees Take a look at network model figure and check parameters Qmax from the above table Bus load is expressed by Plc jQlc complex number If LRC for bus is not in effect Plc Pl and Qlc Ql For beginners the following descriptions on bus types may Qmin Pg jQg be presented Network is modeled by the system of nonlinear equa tions which accounts each bus by four parameters e Active power injection P bh e Reactive power injection Q G j i e Voltage magnitude V e Voltage angle
23. de is known as manual There is also automatic mode available from CPF workspace toolbar 4 Run CPF trajectory following from current cursor position until trajectory end last action bar end or until border state detection io Run CPF trajectory following from the first point of trajectory 29 Automatic mode CPF can take substantial amount of time To stop CPF trajectory following press Esc In automatic CPF mode Excel worksheets are not updated to save computation time Tracked var iable values are sent to chart and tabular view for each CPF step as in manual mode When border state encountered CPF trajectory following stops Depending on Consider while CPF switch on Tracking tab CPF will or will not consider system constraints When border state is forced by stability margin crossing InorXL will refine this margin with step division technique In case Consider while CPF switch is on and InorXL encounters feasible load flow solution but with con straints violation it will try to step by trajectory back and find closest possible load flow without con straints violation When switch is off information on violated constraints will be output to results panel These results are ranged by violation hardness The first 10 hardest violations are screened at each step Until CPF is not encountered border state it will follow by trajectory with unity ruler step So the longer action bars the finer actual step Wh
24. en border state encountered CPF steps back and try to make half length step If new state is feasible CPF tries to continue with half step if no step is divided again This cyclic process repeats until step become lower than 0 01 at last feasible state point Border state 1 Step h infeasible state 3 Step h 4 N Pa 4 Step h 8 Feasible state 2 Step h 2 Step This method requires at least one feasible state point in trajectory This point is the first point of trajectory for automatic modes When first point of trajectory represents infeasible state error message will appear in result panel Also result panel receives messages on wrong links of independent parameters or tracked varia bles How to reenable InorXL when it is occasionally disappeared from Excel Microsoft Excel has special ability to prevent buggy addins that crashes Excel When you launch Excel the message may appear saying about inorxl add in crash and asking about to disable it If you answer Yes InorXL will be disabled and disappear from user interface You can enable it again Click File tab and go to Options Click Add ins in categories pane Verify that InorXL is listed in Disabled Application Add ins In the Manage box click Disabled Items and then Go Select inorxl inorxl dll from list and click Enable Restart Excel But hope you will not need these explana
25. fect for most regular users Lumped parameters term means that network model cannot be used to study electromagnetical waves interference effects in herent to extra long power transmission lines All parameters of all power lines are lumped at both ends and in the imaginary middle of line Thus so called 77 model of power line is used 4 based on multifrontal LU decomposition method For most cases complete load flow solution on 2 CPU cores computer is performed by 20 30 faster than on single core CPU One of the important features of multifrontal method is successive transformation of large sparse matrix to the continuous sequences of relatively small dense matrices This feature leads to effective CPU memory cache utilization because it is possible to use highly optimized dense matrix computational kernels such as well known BLAS rou tines The way to transform sparse matrix to sequence of dense matrices and fill in minimization order ing are provided by nested dissection algorithm The main advantage of this class of algorithms is ability to produce load balance three to distribute load between CPU cores effectively All computations with complex numbers which are up to 80 of all computations utilize SSE3 technology SSE3 is CPU feature which gives possibility to perform two simultaneous arithmetic opera tions with two pairs of double precision numbers Unfortunately affordable customer level CPUs do not provide more advanced ve
26. fer both forms simultaneously InorXL also has special graphical tool to create edit and analyze network model Later on this manual it will be called simply Graphics Graphics represents the same objects as in tabular views as visual primitives buses branches transformers reactors generators and so on Graphical representation is almost independent from tab ular All model objects parameters are available both in tabular views and in graphical view Data set form graphics is even more detailed description of model because it holds information not only on pa rameters but also on diagram geometry Data exchange between both representations is possible which makes diagram creation and editing easier Data between representations is linked by bus num bers Bus in diagram receives and sends its parameters to the bus with the same number in tabular view Branches are linked by its border buses numbers and by its parallel line number This way of linking makes permissible inexact matching of tabular views and diagram You can put on the diagram part of mode needed only and conversely supply for large diagram small part of tabular model description So diagram and tabular views are independent but linked only by the bus numbers were set in both repre sentations How to open Graphics There is Graphics button on InorXL tool ribbon When pressed it opens graphical window containing all tools needed to work with diagram Load
27. flow The largest area in this window is diagram view There is also context panel on the right side Its content and tool set are dependent on current selection in diagram view i Graph etd Sl 55 gt Wage Context panel Graphical window is a child window of Excel When Excel is minimized this window is minimized too There are standard window control buttons minimize maximize and close in the title bar of graph ical window When user closes graphical window it disappears from desktop but it is not to be de stroyed actually When Graphics on the tool ribbon is pressed again graphical window will be shown in its previous state 16 How to control view and its elements The set of available control actions of graphical window is similar for most graphical Windows applications Scale view Mouse wheel can be used to change view scale Rolling towards the user zooms out and towards screen zooms in The origin of zooming is the current mouse cursor position When Ctrl key is pressed any part of the diagram can be selected by dotted frame When selection is done scale will be changed to fit the largest side of selection frame to corresponding side of window When zooming by frame cursor will appear as lens There is 4 button on context panel which is shown when no object selected in diagram view This button scales view to fit all visible objects in current window Move view The view can be moved wi
28. focus on important part of model Of course autofilter affects only data view load flow will be per formed always with whole unfiltered model How to use taskbar When Excel starts InorXL will add its toolbar to the main ribbon and create taskbar to the right edge of Excel window Taskbar helps you to inspect calculation process and to check possible error and warning messages Taskbar is dockable window It may be detached from main workspace and behave like independent window You can close taskbar but on the load flow command it will appear again There are two areas in the taskbar The first area is calculation results list second is a log Areas are di vided by splitter You can move splitter to control each area size If taskbar width is greater than height areas will be oriented horizontally otherwise vertically At each load flow areas are cleared When iterative calculations are performed some technical parameters appeared to the calcula tion result area These parameters may be useful to identify and get rid of convergence problems N Iteration number P Maximum error on active power in MW This is infinite norm of P vector __ Bus Bus with maximum active power error S Q Maximum error on reactive power in MVar S Bus Bus with maximum reactive power error O _ Imbl _ Euclidean norm of composite PQ error vector S Errors can help to estimate iteration progress Sequential decrease of errors shows good con
29. generation in this area in MVar Active power losses in MW Reactive power losses in MVar Pcons Active power consumption Pl dP in MW Reactive power consumption Ql dQ in MVar The main purpose of areas to simplify analysis of power balances Area aggregation allows to present whole network in compact table InorXL uses well known area setup consisting of bus sets re ferred to areas To refer bus to some area just enter area number to Area column in Buses work sheet Don t forget to create area itself by providing line with this number in Areas worksheet After load flow is calculated Area worksheet will be filled with aggregated values Values of PI QI Pg and Qg are just sums of corresponding quantities of nodes selected to areas Area losses are sums of shunt losses and branch losses Because branch is not referred to area directly it is assumed that the branch is referred to the same area to which head node is referred Thus all losses inducted by branch resistance will be summed to head node area This assumption is true both for lines and transformers If some bus is not referred to area or area bus is referred to is not described in Areas work sheet such bus will not be taken to any ac count Let s have a look at simple example on IEEE 14 bus test system Assume branch es are directed from buses with greater numbers Buses 1 and 2 are referred to area 1 blue Buses 3 and 4 to area 2
30. ging off No changes in variable will occur despite of variable properly linked and its lane is not muted Const mode makes variable to become constant value under cursor Value of constant is given in Min Const field of properties dialog In Range mode value will be interpolated in range given by Min Const and Max fields Left side of action bar links to Min Const and right side to Max field Exact position of action bar also can be set in position fields Change mode Set Add Value Min Const Step Action bar start Action bar end Maximum value beyond end switch forces variable to keep Max value even in case cursor position is beyond right side of action bar This mode is useful to model constraints of independent pa rameters Value Min Const Initial case value Step Action bar start Action bar end When this switch is off variable value outside of action bar will match to value of initial case Variable interaction mode with model parameter can be set by corresponding switch In Set mode absolute variable value will be injected to model replacing original parameter value In Add mode variable value will be summed with initial case parameter value And in Mult mode these values will be multiplied The last mode allows to model non linear variable change law 25 The names of fields Min Const an
31. have the same linear response curves in load flow model 3 Infinite power bus in small disturbances model matches slack swing bus in load flow model Thus when following trajectory from feasible state at some point Jacobian changes its sign this point is beyond stability margin As trajectory point closer to stability margin load flow solution be comes more numerically unstable because Jacobian tends to zero So the point where load flow starts to diverge also considered belonging to unstable state Border state by system constraints When load flow solution exists and it is feasible it is not guarantee that in real power system this case can be performed This is due to power equipment has specific constraints limiting operation volt ages acceptable long term currents and so on So for trajectory following it is necessary to check con straints and determine border state as close as possible to state where one or many constraints be comes violated Stability margin and margin induced by constraints does not match so when trajectory following the first encountered margin will be set as border state margin There is continuation load flow mode for which constraints are checked but not considered while border state margin search see chapter Tracked variables and constraints set up Continuation load flow in InorXL To perform CPF special workspace provided in InorXL To ac 22 i 1 poo AU pm cess it press CPF button on I
32. lation because initial guess for iterative method is expected to be near solution Load flow should converge in 3 5 Newton s iterations for cases with dimensions about 500 buses Startup method cannot be switched off because solution reliability is much higher and its com putational costs are relatively small For each load flow calculation InorXL performs at least one iteration step of startup method even in case for which given imbalance is lower than acceptable imbalance How InorXL interprets worksheets Table structures presented above makes clearer to understand the way InorXL works with work sheets while load flow calculation All worksheets are processed by the same way InorXL requires fol lowing two simple rules to comply on each worksheet All required to interpret data columns must be presented on worksheet Captions must be in the first row of worksheet The order of columns does not matter you may change it and even hide but not delete any of them iW O s Columns marked by black background in worksheets Paasman Bevseka Pasmerka crpanniei Gopmy li descriptions Buses N for example must not contain P S calipr eu AJ s empty cells until the end of worksheet InorXL will read data BcrasmTe r xxu 2 amp Ay S 5 from the top to the bottom of worksheet until first empty cell In case of empty cell is found InorXL will lock row count for this J26 v 53 89506 worksheet and refuse to read any cel
33. lculation You can disable update to speed up massive calcula tion when only solution feasibility is important All parameters by default are True so you can omit them Return values of LF method are of type InorNetStatus greater that two of nominal voltage below that half of nominal voltage is greater than 90 Macro can be runned by Run button or by menu command Run Run Sub UserForm Macros are stored in Excel only with special type of book with macro support Check type of workbook you saving or your macros can be lost Vma caiina leee 14 Tun aiina KHura Exce Kanra Excel Hira Excel c nogaepxkon MaKpOcoB ESOS Se Eee BO Ha 3 Knura Excel 97 2003 AsTopp When workbook is loaded Excel can disable macros due to security reasons To enable macros use Security button on Developer ribbon To work without any limitations select Enable all mac ros Please note that security limitations will not be in effect and you have to be careful when running untrusted content 15 Working with diagrams Tabular network model representation is well suited for working on large amount of model data Engineers are familiar with this form but it is not the only form needed to work effectively One line diagram representation is more common view of model Some details may be omitted but the attention focuses on topology and most important state variables Almost all engineering soft ware packages of
34. ls below first empty one Columns marked by black in worksheet descriptions are also ESTNE called key field columns They are used to identify model ob res n jects and to determine effective sizes of worksheet pap 5200 When LF button is clicked InorXL will check all neces aon sary worksheets are in current workbook InorXL will report fed 115 00 error in case of any required worksheet is not found Then ef Harp 230 00 Harp 115 00 fective sizes of each worksheet will be determined And at the ah LS end of source data preparation InorXL will read and check all a es data In case of any error on data format an error message will Harp 115 00 be given Harp 115 00 oO A B HasBaH ne 3Tn cTporn 6ypzyt NpOYMTaHbl 330 00 When all data is successfully checked InorXL will build Nyctaa KneTka B cron6ue Kniovesbix none internal representation of network mode and will try to calcu Fen 115 00 r eu darp 115 00 late load flow After load flow is completed InorXL will output TH ctTpokn He 6yayT NpounTaHbi eH 115 00 all results to the same worksheets It must be pointed out that Harp 115 00 F column order does not matter And even if you change default order results should be output correctly 13 You can use any of Excel tools to transform and present data For example you may sort and fil ter your data Load flow will be performed correctly even when autofilter is active This one is useful to
35. nches worksheet Step Bus voltage constraints F On For bus higher than 220 10 Branch overcurent constraints MW Check current Constraints E Consider while CPF a R 5 Qhead Ptail tail 13 04 1245 11 00 17 06 38 69 16 89 20 79 103 41 27 49 14 49 69 34 17 25 4 11 87 52 1 30 4 77 35 40 4 50 kV a T 71 58 183 32 446 78 298 38 369 92 151 18 Imax 62 32 210 81 513 80 343 14 425 40 173 85 Consider while CPF switch enables constraint checking while trajectory following and its con sideration in border state detection Actually at each CPF step InorXL calculates load flow and checks its feasibility and then checks constraints given When some constraints violated and this switch is off the list of these constraints violation will be output to result panel and CPF will continue Engineers can ex amine these constraints in Excel worksheets But when switch is on InorXL will try to find closest possi 26 ble solution to the point where constraints become violated In this mode output of load flow results with violations to Excel worksheets is disabled All tools needed to control tracked variables are located at Tracking tab The list of tracked variables is similar to file list of Windows explorer List items can be selected by one and by group Each tracked variable is linked to model in the same way as independent trajectory variable Items in list rep resented by light bulbs icons
36. neer has to isolate vector of independent state variables give it some direction and begin to change them accordingly until load flow became infeasible Values of vector components fixed just before infeasibility will describe border state Parameters vector with given laws of its components changing is called trajectory Any border state is linked with its trajectory it found by Trajectory may also contain some variables which values are tracked Usually law of changing of independent parameters is linear from initial value Vpeg to the end value Vena Value of Vieg in most cases is chosen equal to initial case but can be set to any value of engineer choice Term trajectory point t often used to simplify trajectory control Value of t can vary in range between 0 and 1 Thus change law of trajectory component Vt can be written as V t Vien u Vind Veg So continuation load flow by given trajectory turns to successive increasing of t with some step and load flow solution at each trajectory point System constraints and load flow feasibility must be checked while trajectory following Continuation load flow will result in border state with some value tiim and values V tiim If border state is not reached trajectory has insufficient length and it must be increased for example t should grow over 1 or Veng should be increased Successive increasing of t is called trajectory following Please note that for t 0 lo
37. ng above some legend item it will appear as pointing hand Left mouse click brings up channel properties dialog If legend list does not fit to chart window height scroll bar will appear at the right side of list 28 Curve properties Caption Marker eDircle ol width 2 LineT ype Color ES Plot type H Cure Avis 0 _ Sort Any changes in channel properties dialog reflects in chart window immediately Caption of channel used to show legend You can enter any desired string Marker Allows choosing marker type from the list Circle Square Right Down Left Up or Diamond It is possible to turn markers off When viewing curves with many points no marker mode can substantially soeed up chart drawing only shown as solid lines Allows choosing line type Solid Dashed Dotted Dotted dashed Dotted double dashed Curves of width greater than 1 can only be shown as solid lines Allows selecting channel color with standard color picker control Chart type Allows choosing of channel drawing mode Curve Ladder Histogram In Curve mode channel is shown as is point by point Ladder mode represents channel by or thogonal lines connecting neighboring points In Histogram mode drawing is the same as in Ladder mode but rectangles based on orthogonal lines and standing on x axis are filled by solid colors Curve mode is well optimized to show curve
38. ng aggregated area load O And to finish assignment of lane the number of object must be selected from Key list For bus es and areas it is single number For branches key is complex and consists of three values head bus number tail bus number and parallel line number separated by commas Key can be selected from list or entered manually When key entered is not found list contents will be colored in red Lane caption are built automatically in the following format ObjectType ObjectKey ObjectParameter Example Bus 28 Pn Branch 37 9001 1 Kt Area 3 PI QI Branch 24 Lane caption can also be entered manually To return to automatic caption mode simply clear its field contents Linked variable will show up its caption on lane header If parameter link is wrong red circle will be shown at lane header at first CPF step This indicates problem in link that has to be corrected In addi tion warning message will be output to results panel Change law for variable can be set up by accessing action bar GJ meree pone Bar itself can be adjusted by mouse within track Double click on action eet eS eo bar brings up parameter properties dialog Controls of this dialog allow SE setting up of change law and action bar behavior in relation to CPF cur Miniconst 60 Max 180 sor position Postion 30 90 Keep max behind end There is mode switch in Change method frame None mode turns variable chan
39. norXL tool ribbon There are three areas in mi ask tat Mae CPF workspace toolbar source data panel and resulting data panel Pee Ne a AOR i Load flow CPF trajectory set up Trajectory is represented by vector of independent variables For each variable change law must be provided Also list of tracked variables and constraints set are part of trajectory data in terms of In orXL Source data panel of CPF workspace has two tabs Trajectory and Tracking First tab is for tra jectory vector set up Second is for tracked variable list and constraints set up Up to 16 independent variables can be set for one trajectory For each variable there is special lane in source panel Lane consists of header and track Header holds the name of variable and its model linking attributes Track is for variable change law setup There is an action bar on action track It can be moved and sized with mouse along track At the top of the trajectory tab special ruler is placed The rul er is marked in CPF steps Current step can be chosen by CPF cursor by clicking on ruler Vertical line crossing all lanes is linked with cursor When some action bar is crossed by cursor it is considered active and colored in red Active action bar injects value of variable calculated by given law into model data 23 Hs kd a i P Trajectory Tracking m GPF ruler Bus g PlvGI Bus 16 PalQa Lane headers i a AA LAA LA Lanes can be turned
40. of object in diagram can be split up on two groups The first group is for geome try view mode and interconnection of objects Second group consists of model parameters which are connected to tabular model data in Excel For selected object parameter set will be shown in context panel Buses branches transformers generators reactors and compensators have its individual context panel So graphics can not only create and view diagrams but also makes possible to create full model data set Users can choose appropriate way for model creation If one has tabular data graphics helps to create diagram easily by reusing tabular data After successful load flow all parameter values will be transferred to diagram and shown on it If user has no tabular data it can be easier to draw diagram with graphics supplying model data by accessing graphical objects properties Beta versions have diagram table transfer temporarily disabled Consider example of use context panel for bus To access panel select some bus in diagram Pies gt Ship 111 54 Kammer Mo 160 j40 4 QHH sa 30 5 j14 30 5 j13 7 52 0740 omie MHAD arm 66 5 25 5 j1277 339 4 24 6 137 3 24 1 Fimo dag hogie a eaaa 140 7 24 9 67 Summerfl rer The whole parameter set is shown on panel One can enter load power values Graphics PS se7lis 54 Kammer 52 5 j19 1 24 5 j12 1 112 4 j Pt oa Ie 24 Conductance
41. off muted or exclusively turned on soloed This can be achieved by pressing corresponding buttons on header Muted lane will have no effect on model Soloed lane will disable all other not soloed lanes The value of model variable for disabled lane is unchanged and matches initial case value Mouse wheel zooms lane view in or out Zooming is per formed relatively to CPF cursor position To assign lane to model variable or in another words link ee tear lane with Excel s data double clink lane header Model link proper ties for lane will be open Lane caption can be entered into Caption field To access ee model variable its object s type variable type and object s key must be selected There are three list boxes for it Type list box allows object type choosing bus branch or area In dependence of object type Parameter list allows choosing variable type Type Parameter Units Meaning Bus PI MW Activebusload S fal MVar_ Reactivebusload S Pya MW myar Conforming bus load linked by initial case ratio Pg MW____ Active bus generation gt S pg Var Pe Qg_ MW Myar Conforming bus generation O Z o Z o Z o vef k Model link Type V Kt Reallpartoftransformerratio S dikt Imaginary part of transformer ratio Area PI MW__ i Aggregated active areaload oo fal MVar____ Aggregated reactive area load O Pya Mw mMyar Conformi
42. on available memory amount Load flow module capabilities are e Model parallel branches and transformers e Ability to solve load flow in isolated networks with many synchronous electrical islands e Consider switch off states of branches and transformers on both ends e Allow to use complex transformer ratios e Allow to use load response curves modeled as user defined piece wise quadratic poly nomials e Consider voltage controlled PV buses with respect to reactive power limitations and ability to switch bus types automatically while calculating load flow e Branch and transformers active reactive power flows aggregation and opportunity to aggregate power load generation and consumption on arbitrary grouped by electrical areas sets of buses Load flow module based on classical Newton algorithm with automatic step size control Euclid ean norm and 1 d optimization technique is used to compute optimal step size Power system network equations are presented in polar form with respect to power Seidell or Jacobi methods can be used as startup algorithms to improve initial estimation for Newton method Load flow can be started from giv en state or so called flat state Computational algorithms are implemented with respect to modern hardware capabilities The most time consuming part solution of linear equations system has multithreaded implementation License agreement applies some limitations on product usage but it has no ef
43. presenting page borders The picture below shows split on four landscape oriented pages of A4 size f tad Graphics ae 163316 Maun vew a z mE iE Son oa ce _ 4 150 9 S P 1d bus i ce i la slata e I FL if G a a e cl I mae e i Mid Id E ued L t j Page borders Hr L L EET i HE T e F many E E it e aL r i a i ni 21 Tegi ate Ie Non printable area is grayed out In page split view mode it is also possible to move and zoom diagram to fit it to printable area manually As size of graphical window changes page borders rear ranges accordingly The preferences button brings up preferences dialog where bus voltage and name framing can be turned on and off Continuation load flow The Continuation load flow term means directed load flow parameters change in the way that leads load flow to unstable or infeasible state Stability margin detection and acceptable state variable values screening with continuation load flow are basic tasks of power system engineers in Russia at least Load flow which is close to stability margin is called border state This state is described by fixed values of state variable power flows currents voltage magnitudes and so on There are no automatic methods for stability margin detection System engi
44. properly and to draw straight lines Grid is visible until selected object is moved When moving stops grid goes off again How to create and set up graphical objects The whole diagram consists of graphical primitives To create diagram these primitives must be placed into view and connected The one of most basic primitive is bus It is represented by rectangle with fixed height and width dependent of given bays count To add new bus to diagram first cancel any 17 selection by clicking outside of any objects The context panel will show up Common view There is button on this panel When pressed it enters graphics to bus entry mode Cursor will be shown as bus symbol To place bus click anywhere in graphical view When bus is placed graphics returns from bus entry mode There is keyboard shortcut for bus placement Home button It places new bus at center of view To cancel bus entry mode press Esc key or select another tool from context panel Bus can have bays on both sides They are represented by short lines perpendicular to bus One of bus sides is called Red and another Blue By default Red side is on the top of bus primitive When bus is rotated these color marks give option to still indentify sides Sides are highlighted by color only when bus is selected The new bus by default has one bay on the top and one on the bottom Bays count on any side can be changed by pressing colored buttons at Bus context panel
45. re and software capabilites S5E3 support Microsoft Excel version Rastrwin DB engine optional How to use InorxXL To begin your work just launch Excel InorXL user interface can be found on main Excel ribbon in InorXL tab There are four buttons on the ribbon New Import LF and Help You can start new case load present case stored in xlsx format or import rg2 file in RastrWin format InorXL workflow is as simple as possible There are five worksheets with special formatting and column sets You can enter data to these worksheets and run load flow calculation In case of successful calculation worksheets will be filled with results The shortest way to study InorXL is to take a look at worksheet descriptions Buses worksheet This worksheet presents buses or nodes descriptions of network model Bus identificator integer positive number It must be unique through Buses work sheets If duplicates are found at start of load flow calculation error message will be giv en Bus name Any string you want Name can be empty but it is recommended to fill name to make buses description clearer and to make branch names see Branches work sheets below more informative Can be selected from the list of possible bus states e Off bus is switched off and grounded voltage is zero e Slack slack bus Voltage magnitude and phasor angle are fixed e Load load bus P
46. ropriate and should be revised The most common causes of bad convergence are high initial power imbalances excessive amount of branches with high R X ratios zero or negative impedances The Flat start parameter should be described in more details Basic load flow solution method is Newton method which is iterative To start solution one should make initial guess about unknown variables values Newton method is known to be highly dependent on initial guess and may fail if initial guess is too far from point of solution That s why it is common practice to prepare guess for Newton method by some more robust but relatively slower solution method In InorXL such preparation is pro vided by startup method Seidell or Jacobi methods depending on case and available CPU cores But even startup method may fail if initial guess is rough enough For example after load flow calculation failure resulting variables may have inappropriate values To prevent this so called flat start is used When flat start is in effect all voltage magnitudes will be assumed to be equal to nominal voltage values for load buses and reference voltages for generator buses Phasor angles will be zeroed except slack buses where phasors are given values Reactive generation for generator buses will be set in the middle of Amin Qmax ranges When calculating series of cases with small differences it may be useful to switch off flat start It will lead to faster calcu
47. s Thus composite load model should be expressed as P f V Q f V where f V is expressed as polynomial Pe P Po P P2 io l 0 a aoe BN V i Qe Q foo Q Ta i Cool where Pig Qe calculated active and reactive bus loads POs given active and reactive bus loads V calculated voltage magnitude at bus Vg nominal voltage magnitude at bus Po Py P2 W Qo Q4 Q2 coefficients are chosen to fulfill Pe P n Qic Q at V Varom from where P P P 1and Qo Q Q 1 In some cases more than one polynomial required to model complex load response Piece wise polynomials can be used for this purpose Pieces are divided by Vmin parameter As an example stand ard LRC of 3 pieces is given 10 P P Q Q 1 8 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 08 1 12 14 16 18 2 V N om LRC on the figure on active and reactive loads is presented on the figure Active power LRC is range from zero to infinity D Vom Vnom modeled as single polynomial in HOM P P os 02 Reactive power LRC has three pieces V V 0 657 0 158 lt 0 815 Vrom Vrom V V y V Qic Qi lt 4 0 10 1 6 2 0 815 lt lt 1 2 aom Kiom laom V 1 708 gt 1 2 Virom Both active and reactive power LRCs are described on LRCs worksheet in InorXL The above
48. s with multitude of points Other modes can be slow with such large curves Axis Allows choosing special y axis for channel This mode also called multi axis List con tains numbers corresponding to channels in current chart Choosing any number it is possible to create new y axis if no axis for this channel already or refer channel to existing y axis All axes have individual vertical scales which allow fitting many chan nels even with very different values By default all channels refers to axis with number 0 When there are many axis in chart window one of them is always active and high lighted by red shadow To make desired axis active simply click it Active y axis is used to show y tooltips when dragging measurement cross within chart window Sort When checked all points of channel are automatically arranged by its x values When unchecked original order on x axis is restored CPF sends channel data sorted already CPF control CPF workspace user interface allows choosing of any point on CPF ruler by moving CPF cursor with mouse When cursor is moved and released at some point in one second command will be trans ferred to InorXL LF module and CPF step performed CPF step consists of load flow solution and con straints checking CPF step results will be shown in results panel If some tracked variables are set data on them will be shown in chart and tabular views Load flow results also will be transferred to Excel worksheet This CPF mo
49. t performance differences are not criti cal e NET Framework 4 0 is installed NET Framework is Microsoft system package required to run NET application Most of modern computers running Windows have this package already installed But if it is not you can download and install this package from Mi crosoft site for free The easiest way to find download area is to google it for example with query NET Framework 4 0 site microsoft com e To read manuals and examples description you should install Adobe Reader or equiva lent PDF viewer To import rg2 files any version of RastrWin software must be installed If it is not InorXL will be still fully functional except of importing cases in rg2 format It is not possible to run RastrWin as auto mation object in 64 bit environment thus rg2 import on 64 bit operation system is not supported InorXL is installed and configured by special installer program Installer tests all system require ments and will not continue if any of them are not met Installer requires user right elevation to admin istrator level to write system files and folders You may be asked for administrator rights by UAC prompt How to install InorXL To install InorXL run installer program InorXLSetup exe Installer will determine bitness 32 or 64 bit version of operating system and Microsoft Office and install proper version automatically Installer may ask you for rights elevation as most of installers running
50. tabular and graphical forms 27 CPF workspace has result area with CPF log and two tabs Track chart and Track table CPF log receives information on current CPF step and violated constraints Track chart tab holds chart con trol able to show tracked variables for each step graphically against step position On Track table tab the same data is available in tabular form At any moment both chart and table can be cleared by press ing button Chart control supports clipboard copying in graphical Windows metafile and tabular csv formats Tabular form is suitable for pasting into Excel worksheets which opens possibilities for addi tional results processing with Excel tools and charting system Chart control operation To view tracked variables graphically special chart control is provided It can present many vari ables simultaneously with separate channels Chart control window can be controlled by mouse Show coordinate axis as dotted lines crossed at cursor For each axis tooltips are shown with numerical values Axis cross can be moved while holding mouse button If multi axis mode see below activated y tooltip shows coor dinates for active y axis To activate another axis click on it Active axis is high lighted by red shadow Ctrl Drag Enter zooming mode Mouser cursor drags zoom frame corner When mouse H button released chart windows zooms framed part of window Previous zoom and pan are stored
51. tage magnitude of this bus becomes variable and can differ from Vref Such bus will be marked as Gen Again if reactive power falls below Qmin bus type switches to PQ reactive power fixes at Qmin and bus will be marked as Gen For buses that were switched from PV type to PQ Gen or Gen to the rest of the calculation procedure voltage magnitude will be checked If voltage magnitude rises greater that Vref for Gen bus or falls below Vref for Gen bus type switches back to PV Each generator bus can be switched many times while calculation thus as a result some buses with Vref set may have V not equal to Vref This solution is feasible Please note that the way we account reactive power limits is relatively rough because genera tor reactive power delivery acceptable range depends on active power output and generator voltage If you are interested in more precise reactive power range modeling please refer to reactive power capa bility curve Branches worksheet The Branches worksheet is for source and result data on network model branches lines and transformers Nhead Head bus indentifier Injection is difference between generation and load values 5 Computational Methods for Large Sparse Power Systems Analysis S A Soman S A Khaparde Shubha Pandit 2001 Ntail Tail bus identifier Nparr Number of parallel line to identify unique branch Can be zero for single branch between head and tail buses Name Bran
52. thout changing its scale To move view press Shift while dragging mouse Pressing middle mouse button or its wheel while dragging has the same effect You can change scale while moving by rolling mouse wheel too Mouse cursor is represented as hand while mov ing Selecting objects Click desired object by left mouse button to select it Object selected will be highlighted by cor nered frame Selection includes object itself and all its dependent objects Some types of objects cannot be selected independently because these objects are children of another object Transformers for ex ample are children of buses So when selecting transformer the whole parent bus is selected Nevertheless context panel shows toolset exactly for selected object type To deselect object simply click outside of any object Rotating objects Most objects can be rotated by angle of multiple of 90 To rotate object click on the rotation button small circled arrow shown above selected object Rotating cycles counterclockwise by 90 Objects moving Object selected can be dragged by mouse When dragging some object outside of the graphical window the view is moved accordingly Selection frame 37 WNwPhilt1 28 WNwPhil2 12 j3 23 2 j7 5 6 7 j1 5 12 j3 35 2 10 5 18 7 j4 5 W N IO 133 9 16 5 152 5 Rotation button 51 Newcmrst 18 8 j3 2 28 6 j6 3 17 j8 Snapping to grid All objects in the view are snapped to grid This helps to align objects
53. tions because InorXL has internal pro tection system to prevent application crashes
54. to close options InorXL 1 0 Type Library Having enabled Developer tab you can begin to cre ee ee ate macro Click Macro button on Developer ribbon give a name to new macro and click Create Visual Basic for Applications workspace will be shown 14 To use InorXL functionality in VBA you have to make reference to its module Go to the Tools menu and select References Select and check InorXL 1 0 Type Library from the available references list and click OK Now you can use InorXL in VBA References to InorXL are made through variable of type In orXLAddin Sub NewMacro Dim spInor As InorXLAddin End Sub Variable must be initialized by InorXL object reference Sub NewMacro Dim spInor As InorXLAddin Set spInor Application COMAddIns InorXL InorXLAddin 1 Object End Sub When initialized spInor variable will refer to InorXL instance loaded by Excel You can check availability of InorXL with following code Sub NewMacro Dim spInor As InorXLAddin Set spInor Application COMAddIns InorXL InorXLAddin 1 Object If Not spInor Is Nothing Then Make something using InorxL Else End If MsgBox InorXL is not installed End Sub From the InorXLAddin LF Load Flow method is available InorNetStatus LF FlatStart SaveResults There are two parameters FlatStart parameter forces flat start when non zero SaveResult pa rameter enables to update results after ca
55. ws on branches and voltages at bus at the pictures above Please note that all texts have white contours around to clarify representa tion in case of object overlays Generator reactor and load primitives are placed at bus automatically Text blocks can be placed manually but after bus rotation text blocks will be rearranged again Bus moving does not cause any rearrangements of bus dependent objects How to use common view tools at context panel Common view available when there is no selection on diagram Common view tools are for op erations with whole diagram The most useful operation is probably bus search To find bus enter its number at field and press or Enter key Diagram will be zoomed at bus found If bus with given number is not found search text box will be colored in red Using common view it is possible to save current diagram or load file with saved diagram by pressing kel ke or L buttons Diagram is saved in XML format All information on geometry connec tions and parameters is saved in this file Diagram can be printed by pressing button Print setup is available with button It opens dialog where you can choose printer and set its options and also set up page split for large diagrams Paper size selected for current printer and its orientation are used to set up page splitting You can set pages count in horizontal and vertical directions When checkbox Show split is marked diagram shows lines re
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