AA-600 AA-1000 AA-1400
Contents
1. All parameters 900 000 kHz SWR 136 RL 16 4 daB Z 45610 R 44 2 0 X 13 2 0 C 24 1 pF Ril 48 10 All 161 2 Cll 2 0 pF This screen displays values for series as well as parallel models of impedance of a load e In the series model impedance is expressed as resistance and reactance connected in series e In the parallel model impedance is expressed as resistance and reactance connected in parallel 12 4 5 Graph modes A key feature of RigExpert antenna analyzers is ability to display various parameters of a load graphically Graphs are especially useful to view the behavior of these parameters over the specified frequency range 4 5 1 SWR graph In the SWR graph mode press the 4 key in the Main menu values of the Standing Wave Ratio are plotted over the specified frequency range 500 000 500 000 kHz 10 You may set the center frequency the ce key or scanning range the key By using arrow keys a gt A Y these parameters may be increased or decreased Watch the triangle cursor below the graph Press the ok key to start measurement or refresh the graph The key opens a list of radio amateur bands to set the required center frequency and scanning range quickly Also you may use this function to set the whole frequency range supported by the analyzer Press the Ee key to access a list of additional commands for this mode 13 4 5 2 R X graph In the R X graph mode p2. Enter the R X graph mode and make measurement in a reasonably large frequency range for instance 0 to 50 MHz Example 1 50 Ohm cable GI Ba 50 000450 000 kHz Example 2 Unknown cable EI Ba 50 000 50 000 kHz 200 100 0 100 200 3 Changing the display range and performing additional scans find a frequency where R resistance reaches its maximum and another frequency with minimum At these points X reactance will cross the zero line Example 1 28 75 MHz min 60 00 MHz max Example 2 25 00 MHz max 50 00 MHz min 4 Switch the Data at cursor screen by pressing F a and find values of R at previously found frequencies Example 1 25 9 Ohm min 95 3 Ohm max Example 2 120 6 Ohm max 49 7 Ohm min 5 Calculate the square root of the product of these two values Example 1 square root of 25 9 95 3 49 7 Ohm Example 2 square root of 120 6 49 7 77 4 Ohm 5 3 Measurement of other elements Although RigExpert antenna analyzers are designed for use with antennas and antenna feeder paths they may be successfully used to measure parameters of other RF elements 5 3 1 Capacitors and inductors Analyzers can measure capacitance from a few pF to about 0 1 uF as well as inductance from a few nH to about 100 uH Be sure to place the capacitor or the inductor as close as possible to the RF connector of the analyzer 36 1 Enter the R X graph mode and select
3. at single or multiple frequencies SWR return loss R X Z L C at single frequency SWR graph 80 points R X graph 80 points Smith polar chart 80 points TDR Time Domain Reflectometer graph Optional open short load calibration in SWR R X or Smith polar chart graph modes RF output Connector type N Output signal shape rectangular 0 1 to 200 MHz For higher frequencies harmonics of the main signal are used Output power 10 dBm at 50 Ohm load Power Three 1 5V alcaline batteries type AA Three 1 2V 1800 3000 mA h Ni MH batteries type AA Max 3 hours of continuous measurement max 2 days in stand by mode when fully charged batteries are used When the analyzer is connected to a PC or a DC adapter with USB socket it takes power from these sources Interface 320x240 color TFT displaty 6x3 keys on the water proof keypad Multilingual menus and help screens USB connection to a personal computer Dimensions 23 10 5 5 cm 9 4 2 Operating temperature 0 40 C 32 104 F Weight 650g 23 Oz 3 Precautions Never connect the analyzer to your antenna in thunderstorms Lightning strikes as well as static discharge may kill the operator Never leave the analyzer connected to your antenna after you finished operating it Occasional lightning strikes or nearby transmitters may permanently damage it Never inject RF signal or DC voltage into the antenna connecto
4. nde sees ers E E EA 20 AO 2 Prac NCE ariasi eae ape Dorn AOT te seud aa paca T 23 A Te SE CULTS SNS NU eles Ac arse lhcb eae oa aascia sree E she beited Sioa UUT 24 a Omer CONECO ec a 28 BUND C AU ONS ere E E T EOE ER 29 S a tition E A E E 29 IA Checkins eante nidosi a E Oe 29 Dl AGUS the AMENN eea E E a donates 30 PACOTES a west tiated asda eeiad ahteaneaeae ee 30 5 2 1 Open and short circuited cables sass cntinicesincs i visssodesintactSic alti eubdendadlnah aeteniaicctis 30 D212 Cable Ten oth meas eme N ore EE EE E EET 31 02 V GClOCILY TACLOF measurement as 32 I 2A C able Baul IOC AON cite acct sade a a a 33 5 2 5 Making 1 4 A 1 2 A and other coaxial Stubs cc cccccccceeececeeeeeeeeeneees 34 5 2 6 Measuring the characteristic 1Mpedance ccccccceseeesceeeeeeceeeaeeeeeeaeees 35 5 3 MCASUreMenUOl OMNCE e EEM Sisar eiaiituniasimbliadiiida lade til iabetets 36 3 301 Capacitors and Induction oesie E T 36 e LANSON e Gs en ne ne eee ame E ee mene ee 38 Peto AO 0 2 0 cy eae Peo ane Neen ce ene ne eo a RE E een ner ee anne eee eer ae 38 Dit oe Snail oone ALON ieia Wadaceaausenan imeaaecnanesaeneen eats 39 1 Description RigExpert AA 600 A 1000 and AA 1400 are powerful antenna analyzers designed for testing checking tuning or repairing antennas and antenna feedlines Graphical SWR Standing Wave Ratio and impedance as well as Smith polar chart displays are key features of these analyzers which significant
5. to a DC adapter with USB socket RigExpert antenna analyzers are self documenting pressing the fi help key will open a help screen with a list of available keys for the current mode 8 4 4 Single and multi point measurement modes In single point measurement modes various parameters of antenna or other load are measured at a given frequency In multi point modes several different frequencies are used 4 4 1 SWR mode The SWR mode press the W key in the Main menu displays the SWR bar as well as the numerical value of this parameter SWR measurement 900 000 kHz 1 35 SWR 15 2 345 10 Set the desired frequency the a key or change it with left or right arrow keys Press the ok key to start or stop measurement The flashing antenna icon in the top right corner indicates when the measurement is started Pressing the a help key will show a list of all available commands for this mode start stop measurement BD change frequency FJ FJ D change fa x10 set frequency exit Press any key to continue 4 4 2 SWR2Air mode RigExpert AA 600 AA 1000 and AA 1400 present a new SWR2Air mode which is designed to help in adjusting antennas connected via long cables This task usually involves two persons one adjusting the antenna and the other shouting out the SWR value as it changes at the far end of the feedline There is an easier way to do the same job by using the SWR2Air mode The resul
6. 200 000 0 66 1 4 1 75 meters or 983 571 056 28 200 000 0 66 1 4 5 75 feet 2 Cut apiece of cable slightly longer than this value Connect it to the analyzer The cable must be open circuited at the far end for 1 4 A 3 4 A etc stubs and short circuited for 1 2 A A 3 2 A etc ones Example A piece of 1 85 m 6 07 ft was cut The margin is 10 cm 0 33 ft The cable is open circuited at the far end 3 Switch the analyzer to the Show all measurement mode Set the frequency the stub is designed for Example 28 200 kHz was set 4 Cut little pieces 1 10 to 1 5 of the margin from the far end of the cable until the X value falls to zero or changes its sign Do not forget to restore the open circuit if needed Example 11 cm 0 36 ft were cut off 34 5 2 6 Measuring the characteristic impedance The characteristic impedance is one of the main parameters of any coaxial cable Usually its value is printed on the cable by the manufacturer However in certain cases the exact value of the characteristic impedance is unknown or is in question To measure the characteristic impedance of a cable 1 Connect a non inductive resistor to the far end of the cable The exact value of this resistor is not important However it is recommended to use 50 to 100 Ohm resistors Example 1 50 Ohm cable with 100 Ohm resistor at the far end Example 2 Unknown cable with 50 Ohm resistor at the far end 2
7. RigExpert AA 600 Antenna Analyzer 0 1 to 600 MHz AA 1000 Antenna Analyzer 0 1 to 1000 MHz AA 1400 Antenna Analyzer 0 1 to 1400 MHz User s manual Table of contents P D SC TNE PTEI PE ETA AAEN T EEE O AEE E 4 ZD CNC a OS a E T 5 P CO N rE E T E E E E E 6 Tn oss ks 01 8 een hee Te nna Serr R Creo a Cr eter re mre str ee trrre ern ear tT 7 e Mira NES Ocal AUTON OC UNG E E ss ie ld anc Gi ated E Reade nnd 7 422 Orne he analy ZrO OF ON errorea E NEOON 7 a PALIN Ae TU O E E E E A E E E AT 8 4 4 Single and multi point measurement MOdES ccceccceseeceseeeceeeseneeeeeaeeens 9 Ale Mes VV ER MOG taniade cate ace aca ceca ane N E E E E tances eae uasaosnseec cnet 9 Dee a NV Re MI TAN ONS E ety cts ta ose gic E ce oom toa E A E 10 A ee AVIV SS N BR MOI ein cree acca Sat See accent edicts ade tere E tinea traded eand seins 1 A eA SNOW all MOC C atccta cerca E E E IOT 12 A ae eE ETS oh een me rennet renee rye rarer E Starters reat ee Menta te tents E TEE 13 Za Ish alae 0 ee ee ee E ee Ne earn eae ee eer 13 EIR SOE I seat tta ase este alae Sea Stn a tells aU avatar Suen ate amas te 14 A D eS Mit PO larMCMabl keia ae s AciueMeagatonssmaieeotekceenieenehas 15 AS Ah Data SCT CEN sasarean E A 15 da MEMO OPaOS E dicate bisedcidelesistnbs sens 16 e ar Oee E E A E E E E O TA 17 4 6 TDR Time Domain Reflectometer mode cece cece eceecceseeseeeesseess 20 POM LMS OO tea Sees cea TEE eee tered binge pula
8. a reasonably large scanning range Perform a scan GI Ba 72 500 100 000 kHz GI Eg 21 250 50 000 kHz Example 1 Example 2 Unknown capacitor Unknown inductor 2 By using left and right arrow keys scroll to the frequency where X is 25 100 Ohm for capacitors or 25 100 Ohm for inductors Change the scanning range and perform additional scans if needed 3 Switch to the Data at cursor mode by pressing F Ea and read the value of capacitance or inductance Data at cursor Data at cursor 2 00 kHz SWR 0 21250 kHz SIWR OO RL 0 0 dB IZI 58 4 RL 0 1 dB IZI 70 6 R 0 0 X 58 4 0 R 12 0 X T06 0 C 37 6 pF L 529 3 nH Ril CO All 58 4 Q RI 4184 80 XI 70 7 Cll 37 6 pF LI 529 4 nH Fress any key to continue Fress any key to continue Example 1 Example 2 Unknown capacitor Unknown inductor 37 5 3 2 Transformers RigExpert analyzers can also be used for checking RF transformers Connect a 50 Ohm resistor to the secondary coil for 1 1 transformers and use SWR graph R X graph or Smith polar chart modes to check the frequency response of the transformer Similarly use resistors with other values for non 1 1 transformers 5 3 3 Traps A trap 1s usually a resonant L C network used in multi band antennas By using a simple one turn wire coil a resonant frequency of a trap may be measured Example A coaxial trap constructed of 5 turns of TV cable coil diameter is 60 mm was measured A one t
9. ar chart the E key combination mode 2 Select the desired center frequency and the sweep range 17 3 By pressing the F 8 key combination open the Calibration screen Calibration Calibration data Is invalid Save as B open short E load Exit 4 Connect an open to the analyzer and press the Ea key The analyzer will rescan the specified frequency range and save calibration data to its memory 5 Connect a short and press the key 6 Connect a load and press the key Please notice that for displaying the SWR graph and the Smith polar chart correctly the System impedance parameter in the Settings menu see page 24 should be same as the actual resistance of the load After the parameters of all three loads are measures a cal indicator appears at the bottom of the display 500 000 500 000 kHz 10 18 Changing the center frequency or the sweep range will invalidate calibration Additionally pressing the G key in the Calibration screen will invalidate the current calibration and pressing the 6 key will return the analyzer to the center frequency and the sweep range used during the last calibration Calibration Calibrated 500 000 500 000 KHz Save as B open short load B invalidate calibration O Set this range Exit 19 4 6 TDR Time Domain Reflectometer mode 4 6 1 Theory Time domain reflectometers are electron
10. be used for this purpose The supporting software is located on the supplied CD or may be downloaded from the www rigexpert com website Please see the Software Manual for details 28 5 Applications 5 1 Antennas 5 1 1 Checking the antenna It is a good idea to check an antenna before connecting it to the receiving or transmitting equipment The SWR graph mode is good for this purpose 160 000 125 000 kHz The above picture shows SWR graph of a car VHF antenna The operating frequency is 160 MHz The SWR at this frequency is about 1 2 which is acceptable The next screen shot shows SWR graph of another car antenna 160 000 125 000 kHz h i ells 0 4 3 2 5 2 1 The actual resonant frequency is about 135 MHz which is too far from the desired one The SWR at 160 MHz is 2 7 which is not acceptable in most cases 29 5 1 2 Adjusting the antenna When the measurement diagnoses that the antenna is off the desired frequency the analyzer can help in adjusting it Physical dimensions of a simple antenna such as a dipole can be adjusted knowing the actual resonant frequency and the desired one Other types of antennas may contain more than one element to adjust including coils filters etc so this method will not work Instead you may use the SWR mode the Show all mode or the Smith polar chart mode to continuously see the results while adjusting various parameters of the antenna For multi band a
11. emory slot name Follow instructions on the display A new scan will be performed and the data will be saved in the selected memory slot To retrieve your readings from the memory press then o key select necessary memory slot number and press i To edit names of existing memory slots press EJ and then select the slot number to edit Edit memory name ABC select character 0 move cursor O enter digit apply Eg discard 16 4 5 6 Calibration Although RigExpert AA 600 AA 1000 and AA 1400 are designed for high performance without any calibration an open short load calibration may be applied for better precision The standards used for calibration should be of high quality This requirement is especially important for high frequencies 100 MHz and upper Three different calibration standards should be used an open a short and a load usually a 50 Ohm resistor A place where these standards are connected during calibration is called a reference plane If the calibration is done at the far end of a transmission line parameters of this line will be subtracted from measurement results and the analyzer will display true parameters of a load open Analyzer E short load Reference plane open Analyzer E short load Reference plane To perform calibration 1 Enter the SWR graph the key the R X graph the 2 key or the Smith pol
12. er of the keypad When this button is pressed firmware version number as well as battery voltage are displayed on the LCD The on screen menu system of RigExpert antenna analyzers provides a simple but effective way to control the entire device The analyzer may stay turned on when you connect a cable to its antenna connector or when you disconnect a cable Plug the cable into the antenna connector and then tighten the rotating sleeve The rest of the connector as well as the cable should remain stationary Important If you twist other parts of the connector when tightening or loosening damage may easily occur Twisting is not allowed by design of the N connector 4 3 Main menu Once the analyzer is turned on the Main menu appears on the LCD Settings E Scan SWR Set fred B Scan R X Set range amp Show SWR E Show all More PC mode The Main menu contains a brief list of available commands By pressing keys on the keypad you may enter corresponding measurement modes set up additional parameters etc Pressing the F function key will immediately list additional commands E 6 Help H E TDR F6 Smith chart E E Multis WR There is a power indicator in the top right corner of the Main menu screen e The battery indicator shows battery discharge level When the battery voltage is too low this indicator starts flashing e The USB icon is displayed when the analyzer is plugged to a personal computer or
13. he reflection coefficient I 1 for short load O for matched impedance load Z 5aq Zo or 1 for open load By knowing the cable velocity factor the horizontal axis is shown in the units of length Single or multiple discontinuities can be displayed on these graphs While the Impulse Response graph is suitable for measuring distance the Step Response graph helps in finding the cause of a fault See the examples of typical Step Response graphs on the next page 21 reflection O l i coefficient pen circul 1 0 distance 1 reflection Z gt Z coefficient peae TE 1 0 distance 1 reflection Capacitive coefficient discontinuity 1 0 distance 1 reflection Capacitive coefficient termination 1 0 distance 1 reflection Lossy coefficient cable 1 0 distance 1 22 reflection coefficient Short circuit distance 1 reflection Z lt Z coefficient Load 0 1 0 distance 1 reflection Inductive coefficient discontinuity EN O distance reflection Inductive coefficient termination 1 0 distance 1 reflection Cable with coefficient Z gt Zo distance En O Aan 4 6 2 Practice Press F 4 to open Impulse Response IR and Step Response SR graphs HEJ 1988m L 0 5 The characteristic impedance and the velocity factor of the cable as well as display units meters or feet may be changed in the Settings menu The ok key starts a new measurement which will take about a mi
14. ic instruments used for locating faults in transmission lines A short electrical pulse is sent over the line and then a reflected pulse is observed By knowing the delay between two pulses the speed of light and the cable velocity factor the DTF distance to fault is calculated The amplitude and the shape of the reflected pulse give the operator idea about the nature of the fault Impulse response Voltage delay Time M N Pulse Echo sent received Instead of a short pulse a step function may be sent over the cable Step response Voltage delay Time l N Step Echo 20 Unlike many other commercially available reflectometers RigExpert AA 600 AA 1000 and AA 1400 do not send pulses into the cable Instead another technique 1s used First R and X the real and the imaginary part of the impedance are measured over the whole frequency range up to 600 1000 or 1400 MHz Then the IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is applied to the data As a result impulse response and step response are calculated This method is often called a Frequency Domain Reflectometry but the TDR term is used in this document since all calculations are made internally and the user can only see the final result reflection Impulse coefficient Response 1 frequency F FT 0 distance 1 reflection Step coefficient Response 1 frequency 0 distance 1 The vertical axis of the resulting graphs displays t
15. ing single point measurement mode or R X graph Example GJEJ 9 40048 000 kHz The 1 4 wave resonant frequency of the piece of open circuited RG 58 cable is 9400 kHz 2 Knowing the electromagnetic constant and the velocity factor of the particular type of cable find the speed of electromagnetic wave in this cable Example 299 792 458 0 66 197 863 022 meters per second Or 983 571 056 0 66 649 156 897 feet per second 31 3 Calculate the physical length of the cable by dividing the above speed by the resonant frequency in Hz and multiplying the result by the number which corresponds to the location of this resonant frequency 1 4 1 2 3 4 1 5 4 etc Example 197 863 022 9 400 000 1 4 5 26 meters Or 649 156 897 9 400 000 1 4 17 26 feet 5 2 3 Velocity factor measurement For a known resonant frequency and physical length of a cable the actual value of the velocity factor can be easily measured 1 Locate a resonant frequency as described above Example 5 meters 16 4 feet of open circuited cable Resonant frequency is 9400 kHz at the 1 4 wave point 2 Calculate the speed of electromagnetic wave in this cable Divide the length by 1 4 1 2 3 4 etc depending on the location of the resonant frequency then multiply by the resonant frequency in Hz Example 5 1 4 9 400 000 188 000 000 meters per second or 16 4 1 4 9 400 000 616 640 000 feet pe
16. ly reduce the time required to adjust an antenna Easy to use measurement modes as well as additional features such as connection to a personal computer make RigExpert AA 600 AA 1000 and AA 1400 attractive for professionals and hobbyists The Mulut SWR and SWR2Air modes are unique for RigExpert antenna analyzers The built in TDR Time Domain Reflectometer mode is ideal for locating cable faults The following tasks are easily accomplished by using these analyzers Rapid check out of an antenna Tuning an antenna to resonance Comparing characteristics of an antenna before and after specific event rain hurricane etc e Making coaxial stubs or measuring their parameters e Cable fault location e Measuring capacitance or inductance of reactive loads oo i A W Antenna connector LCD Liquid Crystal Display Keypad Ok button start stop measurement enter Cancel button exit to main menu cancel F Function button Power on off button USB connector 2 Specifications Frequency range 0 1 to 600 MHz AA 600 0 1 to 1000 MHz AA 1000 0 1 to 1400 MHz AA 1400 Frequency entry kHz resolution Measurement for 25 50 75 and 100 Ohm systems SWR measurement range 1 to 100 in numerical mode 1 to 10 in graph mode SWR display numerical or easily readable bar R and X range 0 10000 10000 10000 in numerical mode OQ 1000 1000 1000 in graph mode Display modes SWR
17. ntennas use the Multi SWR mode You can easily see how changing one of the adjustment elements trimming capacitor coil or physical length of an aerial affects SWR at up to five different frequencies 5 2 Coaxial lines 5 2 1 Open and short circuited cables RI Ba 30 000430 000 kHz lt a Ba 30 000430 000 kHz ff N ZA AR AN Open circuited cable Short circuited cable The above pictures show R and X graphs for a piece of cable with open and short circuited far end A resonant frequency is a point at which X reactance equals to zero e In the open circuited case resonant frequencies correspond to left to right 1 4 3 4 5 4 etc of the wavelength in this cable e For the short circuited cable these points are located at 1 2 1 3 2 etc of the wavelength 30 5 2 2 Cable length measurement Resonant frequencies of a cable depend on its length as well as on the velocity factor A velocity factor is a parameter which characterizes the slowdown of the speed of the wave in the cable compared to vacuum The speed of wave or light in vacuum is known as the electromagnetic constant c 299 792 458 meters per second or 983 571 056 feet per second Each type of cable has different velocity factor for instance for RG 58 it is 0 66 Notice that this parameter may vary depending on the manufacturing process and materials the cable is made of To measure the physical length of a cable 1 Locate a resonant frequency by us
18. nute You may disconnect your antenna or leave it connected to the far end of the cable This will only affect the part of the graph located behind the far end of the cable Use the arrow keys to move the cursor or to change the display range Watch the navigation bar at the top right corner of the screen to see the current position of the displayed part of the graph The 6 key will start a new measurement saving results in one of 10 memory Slots The 9 key will retrieve saved data Use the 9 combination to edit memory names if needed Pressing F opens a data screen which displays numerical values of impulse and step response coefficients as well as Z estimated impedance at cursor The ee key will display the help screen as usual 23 4 7 Settings menu The Settings menu press the O key in the Main menu contains various settings for the analyzer The first page contains the following commands Settings page 1 of 4 Language gt English Backlight gt 30 seconds E Colors gt Blue El Sound gt off next B apply E discard a language selection 5 backlight brightness and timer o colour scheme selection 5 sound on or off 0 go to the second page which contains additional settings Settings page 2 of 4 Frequency correction Units gt meters B B Cable velocity factor gt 0 66 RG 58 B System impedance gt 50 R X graph gt parallel O next B apply amp 3 disca
19. r of the analyzer Do not connect it to your antenna if you have active transmitters nearby Avoid static discharge while connecting a cable to the analyzer It is recommended to ground the cable before connecting it Do not leave the analyzer in active measurement mode when you are not actually using it This may cause interference to nearby receivers If using a personal computer first connect the cable to the antenna connector of the analyzer Then plug the analyzer to the computer USB port This will protect the analyzer from static discharges 4 Operation 4 1 Preparation for use Open the cover on the bottom panel of the analyzer Install three fully charged 1 2V Ni MH or three 1 5V alkaline batteries watching the polarity Do not mix new and old batteries use batteries of different types at the same time overheat or disassemble batteries short circuit batteries try to re charge alkaline batteries To charge Ni MH batteries use charging adapters for this type of batteries For longer battery life 1t is recommended to use an adapter which charges each battery separately Any leaks of electrolyte from the batteries may seriously damage the analyzer Remove batteries if the analyzer is not being used for a long period of time Store batteries in a dry cool place 4 2 Turning the analyzer on or off To turn the analyzer on or off use the power button located in the bottom right corn
20. r second 3 Finally find the velocity factor Just divide the above speed by the electromagnetic constant Example 188 000 000 299 792 458 0 63 Oor z 616 640 000 983 571 056 0 63 32 5 2 4 Cable fault location To locate the position of the probable fault in the cable just use the same method as when measuring its length Watch the behavior of the reactive component X near the zero frequency e If the value of X is moving from co to 0 the cable is open circuited e If the value of X is moving from 0 to the cable is short circuited By using a TDR Time Domain Reflectometer mode even minor discontinuities may be located in the transmission line Example AHEJ 104m L 0 25 a The TDR mode shows a visible peak at 1 04 meters where two 50 Ohm cables are joined A peak at 6 meters indicates open circuit at the end of the cable 33 5 2 5 Making 1 4 2 1 2 2 and other coaxial stubs Pieces of cable of certain electrical length are often used as components of baluns balancing units transmission line transformers or delay lines To make a stub of the predetermined electrical length 1 Calculate the physical length Divide the electromagnetic constant by the required frequency in Hz Multiply the result by the velocity factor of the cable then multiply by the desired ratio in respect to Example 1 4 stub for 28 2 MHz cable is RG 58 velocity factor is 0 66 299 792 458 28
21. rd 2 opens a frequency correction screen so the output frequency of the analyzer may be set precisely Ge select metric or U S units for the TDR display 24 4 and E select cable velocity factor for the TDR display select system impedance for SWR Smith polar chart and TDR displays select series or parallel representation see page 12 for the R X graph o0 go to the third page which contains analyzer self test options Settings page 3 of 4 Resistive bridge levels Detector response test E Built in filter test next B apply E discard c RF bridge test Two filled bars display signal levels at the left and at the right legs of the resistive bridge With no load at the antenna connector the screen should look like shown on the picture Bridge levels oe O 90 no load zz Cl 90 Press any key to exit For the 50 Ohm load the filled bars should stand at corresponding positions notice the no load and 50 Q marks 25 Bridge levels no load 50 Q no load 90 Press any key to exit If one of the bars of both bars is not filled at all the RF output stage or and the detector circuits are not working properly in the analyzer Bridge levels no load 50 Q no load 90 Press any key to exit On the above picture the first bar indicates no RF signal at one of the legs of the resistive bridge Most likel
22. ress the E key in the Main menu values or R active part of the impedance and X reactive part are plotted in different colors RJ Ba 500 000 500 000 kHz In these graphs positive values of reactance X correspond to inductive load while negative values correspond to capacitive load Please notice the difference in the plots when series or parallel model of impedance is selected through the Settings menu nama 500 0004500 000 KHz 14 4 5 3 Smith polar chart The Smith polar chart press the F 5 key combination in the Main menu is a good way to display reflection coefficient over the specified frequency range As usual press the Gls key for a help screen Please notice Non US version of analyzers will display Smith chart a polar chart is displayed instead on US version 4 5 4 Data screen In all graph modes press F GE key combination to display various parameters at cursor Data at cursor S00 000 KHZ SWR 2 7 RL 6 8 dB ZI 31 8 R 23 0 A 21 9 C 14 5 pF RI 43 8 Q XI 46 1 0 Cll 6 9 pF Press any key to continue 15 4 5 5 Memory operation In all graph modes press the key and you will be given a choice of 90 memory slots Using arrow up or arrow down a T keys select the desired slot number save to memory 00 50 01 100 02 9999 03 gt ABC 04 void 4 select memory number ok amp discard Press You will be prompted to edit the selected m
23. t of SWR measurement is transmitted on a user specified frequency where it can be heard with a portable HF or VHF FM radio The length of audio signal coming from the loudspeaker of the portable radio depends on the value of measured SWR The SWR2Air mode is activated by pressing key combination in the SWR measurement screen F a allows setting the frequency to tune the receiver to 10 4 4 3 MultiS WR mode RigExpert AA 600 AA 1000 and AA 1400 have an ability to display SWR for up to five different frequencies at a time This mode is activated by pressing _ _ key combination in the Main menu Multis WR 1852 kHz SWR 1 02 42 630 kHz SWR 103 5 228 kHz SWR 1 05 100 000 kHz SWR 1 07 850 000 KHZ SWR 15 You may use this feature to tune multi band antennas Use A up and Y down cursor keys to select a frequency to be set or changed Press the 0 key to switch between SWR bars and numerical representation of this parameter Multis WR 1852kH Ls 42 630 kHz EL 75228kHz BT 100 000 kHz 850 000 kHz mmmm Pressing the o help key will show a list of other commands 4 4 4 Show all mode The Show all mode the key will show various parameters of a load on a single screen Particularly SWR return loss RL IZI magnitude of impedance as well as its active R and reactive X components are shown Additionally corresponding values of inductance L or capacitance C are displayed
24. urn coil connected to the analyzer was placed a few centimeters away from the measured trap The SWR graph shows a visible dip near 17 4 MHz which is a resonant frequency of the trap 17 38141562 kHz 38 5 4 RF signal generator The output signal of RigExpert AA 600 AA 1000 and AA 1400 has rectangular waveform and level of about 10 dBm at the 50 Ohm load Therefore these analyzers can be used as sources of RF signal for various purposes For frequencies up to 200 MHz first harmonic of output signal can be used Above 200 MHz tune your receivers to odd higher harmonics Enter the SWR mode or the Show all mode and press the ok key to start the RF output If needed use the frequency correction option in the Settings menu see page 24 39 Copyright 2007 2013 Rig Expert Ukraine Ltd http www rigexpert com RigExpert is a registered trademark of Rig Expert Ukraine Ltd RigExpert AA 600 AA 1000 and AA 1400 Antenna Analyzers are made in Ukraine y Printed in Ukraine 23 Oct 2013 40
25. y this means that a high power such as from a transmitter was injected into the antenna connector and the analyzer was damaged o detector output voltage vs frequency graph With no load at the antenna connector the display should look like shown on the pictures 26 AA 600 AA 1000 Detector response Detector response Press any key to exit Press any Key to exit AA 1400 Detector response Press any key to exit The voltage curve should stay between horizontal lines The vertical lines are the bounds of analyzer s sub bands o bandpass filter frequency response graph With no load at the antenna connector the display should look like shown on the picture Filter response Press any key to exit 21 The top of the curve should be located in the middle of the screen between two horizontal lines A small horizontal shift of the curve is allowed 0 go to the last page which contains reset commands Settings page 4 of 4 Reset to factory defaults Delete graph memories next B apply discard a reset the entire analyzer to factory defaults 2 delete all graph memories 0O go to the last page of the settings menu 4 8 Computer connection RigExpert AA 600 AA 1000 and AA 1400 antenna analyzers may be connected to a personal computer for displaying measurement results on its screen taking screen shots of the LCD as well as for updating the firmware A conventional USB cable may
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