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1. valve models a check valve with additional damping due to hydrodynamic and elastic forces acting on and within the valve A number of other improvements have been made following requests for enhancements from our customers In particular limits for the num bers of pipes and components have been in creased and graphical results are now avail able to the user in the event of a calculation failure e 32 bit Development A major development to PIPENET modules has been the introduction of 32 bit operation Commencing with the new releases of PIPENET modules all future developments will be targeted for Windows 32 bit operating systems only that is Windows 95 Windows 98 and NT The 16 bit versions of the programs running on Windows 3 1 and Windows 3 11 will still be available but with limited support Exist ing users of 16 bit systems with Sentinel secu rity key C Key will have to exchange their key for a Hasp key if they plan to upgrade to any of the latest 32 bit systems ENET Astar WI PIPENET Transient Inlet pressure of regulator valve 1 Time F caut FIPEMET Graph Viewer 3 0 po Sending Simulation Data Files by E Mail We normally help our customers in tackling difficulties associated with setting up problems in one of our modules We try to respond as quickly as possible once we have a description of the problem Some problems can be solved over the telephone but problems associated
2. Description The PIPENET Transient Module provides a speedy and cost effective means of in house rigorous transient fluid flow analysis PIPENET Transient Module can be used for predicting pressure surges calculating hydraulic transient forces or even modeling control systems in flow networks It is easy to use users having little or no experience of the software can quickly set up even the most complex problems The PIPENET Transient Module can model networks with items such as pipes pumps simple and turbo valves operating non return check fluid damped check liquid surge relief regulator and inertial check tanks accumulator simple and surge caissons vacuum breaker and control systems pressure and flow sensors PID controller and transfer functions to represent the dynamics of instruments and valves The PIPENET Transient Module also has a model of a single compressible pipe A network can be defined using either schematic or text input However a text input network can also be displayed using the schematic On line help is also available for more information on the features of PIPENET The PIPENET Transient Module has built in data of fittings pipe linings and pipe schedules Users can also create their own pump pipe schedule pipe lining and valve data libraries that can be used in any network PIPENET Transient Module allows users to specify the units in which data is to be entered
3. Volume 1 Issue 4 Editorial Sunrise Systems is currently focusing its efforts on producing a thoroughly revised suite of all modules Standard Spray and Transient due for release in 2001 See Developments in Progress for a brief overview This issue of the newsletter also includes the regular features together with a description of the latest revision to the Transient Module Version 5 10 We hope you find it interesting and informative In this issue New PIPENET Releases Transient Module Two Node Caisson Upgrade Patches Email Address Developments in Progress Shows and Events Case Studies Frequently Asked Questions Next Issue October 2000 New PIPENET Releases The current version of the PIPENET Transient Module is 5 10 The new features and improvements in this release are described below Transient Module Version 5 10 A major new feature of Version 5 10 is the provision of a Two Node Caisson component This component models the behaviour of a caisson or partially filled pipe both charging and discharging The Two Node Caisson is described later in this newsletter Other new features are summarised below e The user is prompted to save all unsaved files before performing a calculation e Default filenames are provided for all the output files if the dat file has been saved before performing a calculation This facility does not over ride any user choices e Agraph data file re
4. products why not try running the interactive demos These provide all the functionality of the full versions apart from the ability to perform calculations and save data files Manuals User and Technical manuals in Adobe Acrobat format for the three PIPENET modules Case Studies Examples of real life problems solved by the three PIPENET modules Newsletters Recent issues of this newsletter ISO 9001 Sunrise Systems Limited has recently been awarded ISO 9001 certification This is recognition of our high level of commit ment to quality products and customer service QUALITY ASSURED BS EN ISO 900 Accrediting Certifying QUAY AUDIT LTD Bodies Sunrise Systems Web Page Remember to visit our web page at www sunrise sys com This includes all the latest information on the PIPENET releases as well as a regularly updated Frequently Asked Questions section Next Issue The next issue will include more of the regular sections case studies and frequently asked questions We will also describe major new development projects being undertaken in the year 2000 We always welcome any contributions to the newsletter from our Users In particular we would like to receive more case studies such as those we have featured from Aker Maritime this issue and Brown and Root issue 2 Enjoy the Millennium celebrations SUNRISE SYSTEMS LIMITED FLINT BRIDGE BUSINESS CENTRE EL
5. lighted in green on the schematic and simply by right clicking on a component the graphical re sults may be selected for display Below we show a more complicated steam hammer example represented in isometric view The grid itself is not shown here for reasons of clarity PIPENET Transient Module Mk Y Ver 5 00 Steam Hammer Problem Schematic Capture Tj File Init Libraries View Check Calculation Schematic Output Window Help 8 x KA LO KA Ki ka E a Bo 4 gi e b 8 f ajal2 ie E ALS Shut Off Valves to Turbine Mk5_PIPENET Relief Valve Relief Valve kou 5TAND PIPENET Transient Module Mk V Ver 5 00 Steam Hammer Problem Schematic Capture TI Eile Init Libraries View Check Calculation Schematic Output Window Help 8 x Output graphs can be chosen from the menu ll l ole aa e a option or more easily directly from the sche Noe FIC ESI matic oOo Attribute Component Type Right mouse clicking the component and then choosing the Select Graphs option ensures graphical results are available for that compo nent Input Flow Node Output Flow Node Information Node Valve Type Results selected li Properties Ingen Node In the diagram right all results for one of the i a Shutdown valves have been chosen Note the m am presence of the optional side window which a displays properties of the select
6. Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq09 htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 43 Sunrise Systems Limited http www sunrise sys com faq09 htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 43 Sunrise Systems Limited ie b ie le ir b ie le P b Zr F SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WATY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 10 What are NPSH and Cavitation Parameter and where can find out more Answer Mechanics of Fluids by B S Massey ISBN 0748740430 is a good general purpose textbook on the principles of fluid mechanics It provides a discussion on NPSH and the Cavitation Parameter This discussion is paraphrased here Click diagram to enlarge Consider a reservoir supplying a pump as shown in the figure Applying the energy equation between the surface of liquid in the supply reservoir and the entry to the impeller we have Po p 9 Zo hy P4 pg v42 2g z4 1 where v and P represent the fluid velocity and static presure respectively at the inlet of the pump z4 represents the elevation of this point above datum Zp represents the elevation above datum of the surface of the reservoir Po represents the pressure at the surfa
7. Note however that although Internet Explorer has be installed it does not have to be the default browser used for the customer s internet access The diagram below illustrates the appearance of the help window gw mi o6 e Sou x i ro OE SE hii F ko Pride M Ian d HT VL ka p iacu Sh ee mls a ka os rehsei a hi rha i eo ee ee PE Basi i i Th ETT NS kaa nE e Pee ee Dem i Ud dy cae by ued mo eee wea edi m wm mun vua un T Case Study BROWN amp ROOT SUCCESSFULLY MODEL WATER INJECTION SYSTEM USING PIPENET TRANSIENT MODULE 12 September 1998 Brown amp Root Energy Services are well ad vanced with the development of the detailed design of the South Anne oil and gas produc tion platform for the client Amerada Hess A S This platform will produce 55 000 bpd of crude oil and 70 MMscfd of gas from the Danish sec tor of the North Sea To support oil produc tion it will be necessary to inject deaerated seawater to the oil reservoir at very high pres sure 345 barg and at rates up to 95 m3 h Economical design dictates that this system operates close to its design pressure limit and so it was recognised that there was a need to check that various operating modes start up shutdown valve failures would not lead to generation of excessively high transient pres sures within the system PIPENET Transient Module software from ounrise Systems was selected as the means to carry out hydrau
8. PIPENET Spray Module can be used to find the required diameters of the pipes in the system I nfo Request and to determine the pressure and flowrate needed at the Support FAQs system inlet to ensure that all nozzles in the system discharged at or above the specified rate PIPENET M Spray Upgrades Module is ideally suited to problems such as this Contact Details Home Page Problem Condensate Tank Deluge System Newsletters Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Links If an Engineer wishes to ascertain the pipe diameters that would produce the desired flowrates at each Elevation of a single tank nozzle and also the pressure and flowrate needed at the system inlet to ensure that all nozzles in the system discharged at or above the specified rate Say each deluge system consists of three horizontal semicircles spaced at 3 28m intervals vertically Each semicircle has 12 nozzles 6 on each side of the vertical feed pipe Each tank has two such semicircular deluge systems An elevation view of a tank is shown Fig 2 Plan of a single deluge ring Click diagram to enlarge The pipe diameters are found using PIPENET Spray Module in the Design Plan of a single deluge ring facility where it is assumed that each nozzle is discharging at a rate of 65 4498 litres min The design velocity is 4m s for all pipes http www sunrise sys com sprcase01 htm 1 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 51 Sunrise Systems Limited The Most
9. The following is an example of a simple disjoint net work with two sub networks A and B Network A Network B e Since each sub network is solved separately the specifications in each sub network must be valid Thus in the above example there must be a total of four specifications with sub networks A and B each having at least one pressure specification It is clear from this example that the network is disjoint However disjoint networks can also arise in a less obvious way from the use of breaks and blocks Consider the following simple three pipe network where the central pipe B 1 is blocked a flow specification on the input to pipe A 1 and a pressure specification on the output of pipe C 1 are provided AH B vi 9 Q 34 This network was initially setup with the pipe in the normal unblocked state and the calculation ran satisfactorily with a flow specification pro vided at the input and a pressure specification provide at the output When the central pipe was blocked the network refused to calculate why oimply that the blocked pipe has split the net work into two disjoint networks one consisting of the single pipe A 1 and the other of the single pipe C 1 Whilst the network containing the pipe C 1 includes the original pressure specification the A 1 network does not have a pressure speci fication lt should be noted that with breaks and blocks specifications are a
10. 1 and 3 but these were not all needed to calculate the pressure at node 2 If pressure and flow specifications had been provided at node 1 only it would have been possible to derive the pressure and flow at node 2 This sub network is therefore over specified In this case the specifications given at node 1 do not contradict those at node 3 The pressure calculated at node 2 would have been the same whether the specifications at node 1 or node 3 had been used to derive it However the attributes of pipe 1 or pipe 2 could now be amended so that the network and specificaations in this area are no longer consistent Such a combination of pipe data is shown below This area of the network is now over specified PIPENET will be unable the determine the pressure at node 2 4 Standard PIPENET V 3 22 EH 0 Fie Init Library Pump Fan View Calc Schematic Window He Delal galagala 7e 9 E e viu B Pipe Input Diameter Length Elevation Roughness Label Node mJ mj m mJ 025 100 025 1000 0 001 0 001 1 1 0 2 3 f J 2 025 10 0 0 001 4 4 0 0 025 100 025 100 0 001 0 001 Windows PIPENET V 3 22 No Resuts 7 Click diagram to enlarge To solve the problem a specification must be removed from node 1 or 3 and a specification must be placed on node 5 or 6 as shown below En EIE N NETTE E lO Dilu a E Be it they Baka Yon Gk Sten Wri Hb Dieu 7j s 7e 8 Foz vlim 2 Specifi
11. Remote Nozzle option is used to set the furthest nozzle supply rate as the required rate which causes the other nozzles to supply water at a slightly higher rate Data Entry using the Windows Interface The nozzle type is defined in a dialog box by its k factor and its minimum and maximum pressures Several different types of nozzle may be entered into the nozzle library and then used when entering the configuration of the network PIPENET s Design Facility requires a list of available pipes to be entered into the appropriate dialog box In order to provide accurate solutions the internal and external diameters are required as well as the nominal bore size ore i iria Fig 2 The Edit Nozzle dialog box Click diagram to enlarge The Initialisation Options dialog box is used to define the fluid properties and specify that the Hazen Williams equation should be used to model pressure drops The NFPA option is also chosen to ensure that the NFPA rules for fittings friction losses are satisfied in the solutions generated by PIPENET Spray Module The Edit Nozzle dialog box allows the user to specify the positions of the nozzles and the flowrates through them The nozzle properties are stored in the Nozzle library so they only need to be defined once To save time when entering many identical nozzles the Rept button copies all of the data of a nozzle into the next nozzle definition box so that only the inlet node and label ne
12. Yaha Diameter rm iD vishe coal of decharge PO Repent nex Qr en pel e Input info node An information specification at this node sets the air valve O closed 1 fully open Caisson diameter This is the internal diameter of the caisson Caisson elevation This is the relative change of elevation i e level of the output node minus level of the input node Note that the elevation of the caisson should be positive e Caisson roughness This is used for the computation of the friction factor e Initial fluid depth This is the level of the liquid in the caisson at the start of the simulation as measured along the length of the caisson Note that the caisson might start with a fluid level that is different from this setting if Initial Steady State is selected Valve diameter This is the diameter of the air valve The air valve model used in the caisson is identical to the one used in the Vacuum Breaker e Valve coefficient of discharge This is used to account for the fact that the effective cross section of the valve is normally less than the actual cross section and there are frictional losses In the absence of manufacturer s data a coefficient of 0 9 can be used as a first approximation Example Firewater Ring Main System Pump Priming Fire pump priming is known to be a potential cause of unacceptable levels of pressure surge in fire water systems Fire pumps are typic
13. a pipe schedule to be used in a network PIPENET can select the appropriate nominal bores during the calculation A blocked or broken pipe can also be modelled in a network to analyse what if scenarios Cavitation PIPENET will detect and report the likely occurrence of both deaeration and vaporisation cavitation Units Instant conversion of input data to different units This can be Metric Sl British American or User Defined Orifice plates Restriction orifice plates can be modelled in compliance with Crane Heriot watt and BS1042 taking into account the downstream pressure recovery Given the pressure drop the orifice diameter is determined and vice versa Leaks This is useful for flow analysis of ventilation systems where the handling of leaks is very important Leaks are modelled in accordance with the requirements of BS5588 Leaks may be defined as between two nodes of a network or to the atmosphere Output report This can be created using Word Write or PIPENET Output Browser Meet mandatory requirements as PIPENET results are acceptable to regulatory authorities Case Studies The following case studies describe typical real life applications of PIPENET Standard Module Simply click on the example of interest for a detailed description Case Study 1 Design of a Modification to a High Pressure Steam Utility System Case Study 2 Design of a Cooling Water System Information Request lf you wou
14. and LINE 3 2 The friction in the pipes and fittings and the resulting pressure drops are also given suggesting to the engineer where possible improvements could be made in the network http www sunrise sys com stdcase02 htm 2 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 50 Sunrise Systems Limited ri pe brane km bm mum um iram rrr pem 2 i we ds L u m 1 L emg e n FUN a i m EET me a ke pru m pum em ER E pw pe m me e yen rer ie La EL d SERE Ran m me TET i mdi Emm umi mm me ru EL m a Uu m i Em ms na me m m i mmi I bin ner Ta m m ru Lig rm m pe on m kan a im em mm PP i i ner me mn ri a mm rT MI m m d Ea Ws mm a a I we in pa a DU Click diagram to enlarge Back to Standard Module Case Studies Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com stdcase02 htm 3 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 50 Sunrise Systems Limited PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS soc CASE STUDY 1 SUNRISE Analysis of a Fire protection system using Spray Sprinkler Module morun The PIPENET Spray Module is indispensable when Services designing a fire protection system for a tank farm Foe Latest News example if the intention is to protect each tank by a pair of external deluge systems
15. as being broken or blocked This is a very useful and powerful feature of PIPENET but users must be aware that this may lead to two separate disjoint networks that may become insoluble as a result If this happens then the program will give the error message This network cannot be solved Please check your network or specifications PIPENET V 3 22 Schematic Capture _ ES Library Pump Fan View Calc Schematic Window Help 81 xl amp al t 7 i amp Standard ture Zj File Init Se jc Wir negl gigislel OL FST si v mE NI Click diagram to enlarge Consider the simple network above We have four ionodes 1 3 5 and 6 Nodes 1 and 3 are input nodes with pressure specifications whereas nodes 5 and 6 are output nodes with flow rate specifications Without any blocked pipes the simulation will run successfully but if we were to block pipe 3 then the simulation will fail to run The simulation fails to run with a blocked pipe because the network splits into two and the isolated network containing specifications 5 and 6 does not have any pressure specifications Blocked or broken pipes are shown on the schematic display with dotted lines In PIPENET M in order to have a successful calculation a network must have at least one pressure specification and the number of ionodes must be equal to the number of specifications Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre
16. below http www sunrise sys com stdcase01 htm 1 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 49 Sunrise Systems Limited Click diagram to enlarge The Network may consist of pipes ducts pumps fans check valves control valves nozzles filters orifice plates and other components Fittings can be defined or selected from a list Control valves can be set for pressure differential pressure flow or valve position PIPENET can check for cavitation correct for ambient pressure decrease with height calculate hydraulic gradients and model leaks The pipes available are entered in the Pipe Type dialog box above The Results of calculations are tabulated in the custom made Output Browser below The range of possible output results tables is extensive making PIPENET Standard Module a valuable tool when analysing networks ii ki Er Et i BE ink Leer i ATTN E rTEDIPTTDT E CHEN RETE A IEEETI m ERE ro HHFETTTERESIC Click diagram to enlarge Network data is quick and simple to enter Windows format for data entry Calculation time is short Extensive component range Tabulated results of calculations Powerful analysis of networks Results of the Calculation PIPENET Standard Module was used to investigate the pressures and flowrates in the pipes and fittings and the pipe diameters required to provide the specified flowrates PIPENET Standard Module allowed a thorough analysis of the problem
17. dialog box offers the user the opportunity to include cavitation effects TE Vaeesiy CH bar Tenia share 7 5 Bulk modus Pa Tinh Yap u porcine bar G TE ak see Fig 3 The Fluid dialog box Click diagram to enlarge Results of the Simulation Surges occured at the monitors when the valves closed which resulted in oscillations in pressure through the network The graphs of the flowrates through the monitors show that when monitor 1 closes there is a rise in the flowrate through monitor 2 When monitor 2 closes there is no alternative outlet for the water which explains why the pressure surge caused by its closure is larger than that which results from the closure of monitor 1 The graphs illustrate that when the monitor valves closed over 3 seconds the amplitudes of the surges and oscillations were dramatically reduced the maximum pressure was about 22 Bar G when the monitors closed in 1s but only about 11 5 Bar G when the monitors closed in 3s More accurate values of these maxima could be read from the output data document Thus a reliable and effective monitor valve closure schedule was found with the aid of PIRENET Transient Module Click diagram to enlarge Back to Transient Case Studies Menu http www sunrise sys com trncase01 htm 2 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 53 Sunrise Systems Limited Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambri
18. emailing support sunrise sys com Each patch is applicable to one and only one PIPENET module Each patch will only work with a specified version of a module and can only be applied once Checks will be made to prevent users from applying the patch twice or attempting to apply the patch to the wrong file The name of each patch file has a regular form consisting of a three character designation for the module being updated Std Standard Spr Spray Sprinkler and Trn Transient followed by the version being updated then followed by the new version number For example the patch to upgrade Version 3 20 of the Standard Module to Version 3 21 is Std V320 V321 exe To install a patch first download the file to your hard disk It is recommended that the file be placed in the Exec sub directory of the installation directory for the version of the module that is being updated Double click on the file or choose Run from the Start menu to install the patch Alternatively the patch file may be downloaded to any directory on your hard disk and the patch applied by the command or choosing Run from the Start menu lt patchfile gt lt installation_path gt exec where lt paitchfile gt is the name of the patch and lt installation_path gt is the directory where the module was originally installed For example if the patch from Version 3 20 to Version 3 21 is to be applied to the Standard Module in the default installation dir
19. grade line table being dis played in the output file Improvements made to the control valve model in the Standard module to make it applicable to a wider range of applica tions New security key drivers that provide support for Windows XP and Windows ME Transient Module Version 5 14 A new version of the Transient module will also be made available This release incorporates all of the changes made in patch releases 5 12 and 5 13 together with a number of other minor cor rections New features include The default valve type is now Cv instead of K factor for all valve types New security key drivers that provide support for Windows XP and Windows ME An Introduction to Specifications This article provides a brief introduction to speci fications and hightlights some of the problems that new users may encounter The article is mainly concerned with the Standard Module Please refer to the User Manual for further de tails and special considerations which apply to the design phase nozzles and remote specifi cations in Spray Sprinkler In order to solve a network boundary conditions must be provided in the form of flow or pressure specifications on the input and output nodes to the hydraulic system or pressure specifications on internal nodes an internal node is any node which is not an input or output node to the sys tem These specifications must obey the rules described more formally in the PIPENET User Ma
20. laying out of the schematic nodes may be constrained to lie on a grid Two grid systems are provided an orthogonal grid and an isometric grid The diagram below shows a network displayed on an isometric grid The grid itself is not shown here for reasons of clar ity Se a ad oni ai IRE 6 UR 3 5 E tt i rar HEC EUN i mje 3d TE 1 LI L A A schematic can be printed via the standard Windows print drivers using any supported size paper The printed schematic can be printed on a single page or for large networks across a number of pages Following a successful calculation results may be displayed on the schematic Results can in clude flow rates direction of flow pressure at each node and pressure and flow at all input and outputs The diagram below shows the flow rates through each component The units used are displayed on the status line MESE an Yarim EE HE CON To coincide with the release of the schematic on line help has been provided for the Stand ard and Spray Sprinkler modules This on line help uses the last help technology from Microsoft and is identical to that used in the very latest releases of Microsoft products and requires the installation of Microsoft Ex plorer preferably version 4 0 or later On win Baum ui arg ihe LIE EE cp d JL Emak quai im Li dows 98 and NT this is built in for other sys tems it will have to be installed
21. may be momentary depending on the rate at which the downstream operating valve is closed This zone is purely dissipative and results in negative or no efficiency Turbine Quadrant 0 2 2 After completing Zone C the pump may experience flow conditions of Zone B depending on the presence of a downstream operating valve In this zone the pump rotational speed is now negative forcing the pump to run away and the applied torque is positive Even though the run away pump is not generating any power it is precisely the same zone of operation of a hydraulic turbine with positive http www sunrise sys com faq11 htm 2 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 45 Sunrise Systems Limited values of head and torque but negative values for pump speed and flowrate Zone A is encountered subsequent to a pump trip or a machine that has failed earlier The difference between Zones A and B is that the sign of torque has changed and hence the pump experiences a braking effect This reduces the free wheeling nature of the pump In fact the actual run away condition of a pump is attained at the boundary of the two zones when there is no applied torque Reversed Speed Dissipation Quadrant 37 2 2x Zones G and H are very unusual and infrequently encountered in operation Pumps that are designed to increase flow from a higher to lower reservoir and are inadvertently rotated the wrong way may encounter these zones Zone G is a purely dissipative zone Zone H is th
22. of pump fans and filters has been increased to 350 A number of other minor improvements and corrections have also been made http www sunrise sys com news htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 09 38 Sunrise Systems Limited Transient Module Version 5 14 The default type for all valves is now Cv flow coefficient instead of K factor A Two Node Caisson has been introduced This behaves like the existing Caisson which is still included except that it behaves like a Short Pipe when it is full The simulation does not stop when the Caisson is full The user is prompted to save all unsaved files before doing a calculation Default filenames are provided for all the output files if the dat file has been saved before doing a calculation This facility does not override any user s choices A Graph Data File res is now generated by default whenever Output Graphs are selected The default output timestep for the Graph Data File res has been made application dependent PID Controllers and Transfer Functions are now set to the correct type depending on the component they are connected to This only applies if the components are added using the Schematic When adding a Specification to an Info Node the default type is now Information This only applies if the components are added using the Schematic When printing the schematic the print dialog now includes the option to print to fit page A facility has
23. oil level in the tanks In the scenario without the leak detection system the flowrate through the leak continues at a sub stantially higher level PIPENET can be used to estimate important factors such as the volume of leakage and the impact of parameters which are under the con trol of the pipeline integrity engineer CONCLUSION ZADCO has achieved pioneering leadership in the field of developing pipeline integrity risk man agement techniques In this paper we have shown how to achieve practical benefits by il lustrating the application of this technology in support of pipeline integrity risk management initiatives This is an important issue in the Ara bian Gulf The dynamic nature of pipeline operations makes the risk picture a complex one Many lines are placed in a service for which they were not originally designed Pressure flowrates velocities and the composition of the fluid trans ported change over time from the initial design Inspection maintenance and repair are weather dependent as well and require boats special equipment and expensive personnel adding to the costs Dynamic modelling using PIPENET can allow more informed decisions to be made in order to better manage pipeline assets including reduce wasted efforts in inspection and maintenance The result of this work is an increase in safety and reliability of operating pipelines at the low est possible cost THE AUTHOR Dr Waheed Al Rafai o
24. on GFS Brent L and M will produce two new 14 pipelines The incoming 14 pipelines will be routed to the new Production Wellhead Module M19 installed adjacent to the existing south wellbay module M17 The test and production lines are tied into production manifolds A new production line will then feed an inlet separator in the new Process oeparation Module M10 installed adjacent to the Gas Treatment Module M14 From the inlet oeparator the hydrocarbon fluids are processed within the existing process trains Gas processing Compression and Export facili ties will be modified and upgraded to process sales gas into the Statpipe system to a capacity of 16 1MSm d In adding the new modules on to Gullfaks C the Design Accident Dimensioning Load DADL will be increased The existing worst case scenario will increase with the addition of the new Mod ule M19 ematic Capt Aker Oil and Gas Technology UK plc AOGT who are undertaking the topsides design and engineering had at first to develop a model of the firewater ringmain and each of the deluge systems This was undertaken by firstly convert ing the existing analysis reports to PIPENET format The converted files were then verified and confirmed against as built information Spray PIPENET 3 11 File Init Library Pump Fan View Cale Schematic Window Help osm viaizigjmpyololokiz e
25. to be changed 3 Check that you have read and write access rights to the drive where the software will be installed by default C and where the temporary files will reside also by default drive C This is necessary since some organisations prohibit their users from accessing the local disk and selected network drives other than for read Again if you do not have these rights then you will have to contact your IT department 4 f you are using Windows 95 or 98 remember to re boot the system immediately following installation of the software You can check whether or not the necessary drivers are installed by entering the following command in a DOS window or from the Start Run menu option lt path gt keydriver hinstall where path is the installation path for the PIPENET software If the drivers are correctly installed then this should report this fact together with the installation date If the command reports that the drivers are not installed then it is almost certainly due to one of the checks above failing Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 http www sunrise sys com faqO7 htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 42 Sunrise Systems Limited Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faqO7 htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 42 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld
26. using either schematic or text input However a text input network can also be displayed using the schematic On line help is also available for more information on the features of PIPENET PIPENET has built in data of fittings complies with the NFPA rules pipe linings and pipe schedules Users can also create their own pump pipe schedule pipe lining nozzle and deluge valve data libraries that can be used in any network The PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module can be run with several options for deluge and sprinkler systems For example the program can automatically identify the most remote nozzle and set its flow rate The user may even specify the flow rate or flow density at a selected nozzle or the available inlet pressure or flow rate Orifice plates may be sized to balance the pressure required by the deluge system and the pressure available in the ringmain The PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module is ideal for firewater ringmains Pumps may be connected in series or parallel anywhere in the network and they can be easily switched on or off at any time Pump selection calculations may be carried out or alternatively manufacturer s data for pumps can be used It is possible to perform case studies with different fire scenarios model breaks and blocks in the network and use lined and unlined pipes in the same network http www sunrise sys com spray htm 1 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 47 Sunrise Systems Limited Key Feature
27. when the shut off valves closed or result in a steam hammer phenomenon After this the dynamic force results were input to a pipe stress analysis program A r m LM A a a Pe Sa d CE ee marca mm ye m Lu We qu MESI CN 7 Click diagram to enlarge The Windows format means that data entry is facilitated by dialog boxes such as those shown below The user specifies the units in which data is to be input and the units in which the output results appear below left The valve closure pattern can easily be changed in the opecifications dialog box below right between different simulations http www sunrise sys com trncase02 htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 54 Sunrise Systems Limited a kmi car Ee T mm i E ni oes ro VB Uam AR CL tn im anta a Ps roues ur bec pee l es I m tee pm Pe ey em ker re mirum ans Pis nam F ans i A lk ee m d nam 1 Lm pr a EA Tek O Cana um Yo PE du X mui mmm DL hone swen kan ua Tomum M hisy rie Yon 5d ka 4 p Pow fee Pins rk Ta aia F TI Teper n emt Tue P VW Pa lagen 7o omnea rr F ona La p al amm rie a Cede o mE DM X pa pee Fh TU Panem prm 5 F gr cae CON ET A Dec e e Click diagram to enlarge Results of the Simulation The simulations in this application show that the steam hammer phenomenon is observed when the shut off valves close linearly between 0 5 and 0 8 se
28. 00 sensors 40 100 pid controllers 40 100 transfer functions 40 100 fittings 100 100 output tables 100 100 tags 60 250 special equipment items 100 100 tabulated curves 80 200 points in the curve buffer 8000 20000 regions of interest 40 100 parameter against x graphs 20 50 Component Old New Limit Limit snapshots 20 50 total number of components 1380 4000 nodes in network 2 60 8000 forces in network 2760 8000 Transient Module Two Node Caisson The new Two Node Caisson has been devel oped in response to customer demand It can be used alongside the existing One Node Cais son but is more versatile and easier to use It can be used just like a pipe and it acts as one when it is full This makes it ideally suited to investigate pressure surges arising in situations such as pump priming Pipes Pumps Malves Tanks Vacuum Breakers Single Node Caissons Two Node Caissons Control Systems Specifications Output Tables Forces Output Graphs Replicate The Two Node Caisson models a partially filled pipe The caisson is filled with liquid from the input node up to the fluid level and contains air from the fluid level up to the output node This implies that the caisson s elevation should be positive otherwise the simulation cannot continue The fluid level in the Two Node Caisson can rise or fall during a simulation as long as it does not empty The simulation continues normally when the Two Node
29. 2 htm 18 06 02 10 10 37 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld La Ld SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 3 How can simplify the use of the schematic with large networks Answer Remember that two or more schematic windows can be open at the same time These may be displaying different regions of the network and can be at different scaling factors See the on line help for further details Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq03 htm 18 06 02 10 10 38 Sunrise Systems Limited La P a d Lad Lad SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 4 Why does the calculation for my network fail to converge or why is the solution not what expected Answer In complex networks the calculation may fail to converge in the default number of iterations 50 Increasing the number of iterations try 250 in the first instance will usually sol
30. 5 80 3837 43 2567 67 O 1832 10 1442 43 1442 43 9 2315 23 2315 23 9 1815 80 18158 Flow rate flit min 3837 43 3837 43 9 V 1832 10 e Results lit min bar G Frequently Asked Questions This is a new section featuring answers to common questions and enquiries about using PIPENET products We hope this section will prove useful to our Users increasing both productivity and enjoy ment when using PIPENET M Q1 Having used blocked pipes in a network get the following error messages Error in Equation n or This network cannot be solved A feature of PIPENET Standard and Spray oprinkler Module is to allow users to simulate calculations with blocked pipes The User should be aware of two possible consequences of using blocked pipes 1 Ablocked pipe may split the network into two separate disjoint networks Each network must have at least one pressure specification and also have the correct number of specifications for the calculation to be successful 2 During the calculation PIPENET replaces each blocked pipe with two extra specifications of flow rate equal to zero It is therefore possible for an inconsistency in flowrate specification to arise when using blocked pipes Q2 What does it mean if get a node height error when perform a check or a calculation And what can I do about it A node height error will be detected if pipe elevations are specified and
31. 97 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq01 htm 18 06 02 10 10 37 Sunrise Systems Limited ie b ie le ir b ie a P Zr i F SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 2 What does it mean if get a node height error when perform a check or a calculation And what can do about it Answer A node height error will be detected if pipe elevations are specified and the pipe network contains one or more loops A check is made on each loop to confirm that the sum of the elevation changes is zero plus or minus the default height check tolerance If not a node height error will be reported The default setting for the height check tolerance is 0 5m In most situations this setting is adequate however sometimes it is necessary to increase the tolerance by selecting Calc Spec for Calculation in Standard and Spray Sprinkler Modules Calculation Controls in Transient Module Increasing this will usually solve the problem if not height elevation changes must be checked Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq0
32. AMBRIDGE CB5 9QZ UK TELEPHONE 01223 441311 INT 44 1223 441311 FAX 01223 441297 INT 44 1223 441297 EMAIL pipenet sunrise sys com WEB SITE www sunrise sys com Sunrise Systems Limited ie b ie le ir b ie a b le Zr F SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAT IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 1 Having used blocked pipes in a network get the following error messages Error in Equation n or This network cannot be solved Answer A feature of PIRPENET Standard and Spray Sprinkler Module is to allow users to simulate calculations with blocked pipes The User should be aware of two possible consequences of using blocked pipes 1 A blocked pipe may split the network into two separate disjoint networks Each network must have at least one pressure specification and also have the correct number of specifications for the calculation to be successful 2 During the calculation PIPENET replaces each blocked pipe with two extra specifications of flow rate equal to zero It is therefore possible for an inconsistency in flow rate specification to arise when using blocked pipes Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 4412
33. Caisson fills completely it then acts as a Short Pipe However the simulation will be stopped if it drains completely since this would lead to draining of adjacent components This should be borne in mind when starting with an initial fluid level close to zero In this case some small fluctuations can potentially stop the simulation The Two Node Caisson has a number of built in features to enable realistic simulation of a partially filled pipe These are discussed below A built in air inlet outlet valve positioned at the output node controls the flow of air in and out of the caisson while it is partially filled This air valve is considered fully closed when the Two Node Caisson is full A Non Return Valve is also built in at the output node of the caisson to stop it filling up from this side Note that because of this the Two Node Caisson starts draining as soon as the flow at the outlet subsides i e flow cannot enter the Two Node Caisson through its output node The implication of this is that a Two Node Caisson can only be filled from its input node The caisson s elevation should always be positive In addition to the usual parameters such as input and output nodes the Two Node Caisson has the parameters shown below Ces nn Label 3 hnputficwnnds PO Output tow node E hputinin node D Cseson Length im 10 Cms es nn Diem eter man Ion mien nn Elewstion im 10 Camon Aoughress s mm p hiis Fluid Depth mj D
34. D e amp s e i 5 sa a EENE Atribute 4 AE Mk5_PIPENET STAND p If an old DAT file is opened then the schematic will use its best efforts to arrive at a representation of the network The display obtained by opening the forces example and then opening the schematic window is shown above Further editing may be required to achieve the optimal layout To assist in the layout of the sche matic nodes may be constrained to lie on a grid using snap to grid Two grid systems are pro vided an orthogonal grid and an isometric grid Editing the forces example and constraining nodes to lie on an isometric grid produced the schematic representation shown right igi Schematic Capture Ox Attribute G il Component Type Input Info Node Output Info Node Control type Gain 1 bar i Results selected Q Fi T File Init Libraries View Check Calculation Schematic Output Window Help D EE Zio 9 amp ss gt gt B Ni e amp amp 2 o o in s t si a 2 a3 foo se x mi e e J f4 Elala Mk5 PIPENET STAND 74 The picture shown left illustrates a more com plex example that includes control loop compo nents These are drawn using dotted lines to distinguish them from flow components Here the reading from a pressure sensor controls a valve Components with associated results are high
35. Firei fen Eriz i Prei rpa oua E Erme e Paa aam cres E hpi bipi Min eer ns ai ear eee L maje es Click diagram to enlarge The Network may consist of pipes ducts pumps fans check valves control valves nozzles filters orifice plates and other components Fittings can be defined or selected from a list Control valves can be set for pressure differential pressure and flow or valve position PIPENET can check for cavitation correct for ambient pressure decrease with height calculate hydraulic gradients and model leaks The fluid is chosen from those available in the database of fluids or can be added in the Fluid Type dialog box above The Results of calculations are tabulated in the custom made Output Browser The range of possible output results tables is extensive making PIPENET Standard Module a valuable tool when analysing networks Results of the Calculation PIPENET Standard Module was used to investigate the pressures and flowrates in the pipes and fittings and the power required by the pumps The Output Browser gives the required flowrate as 92 02 cuft min by PUMPSET1 3 and and 117 8 cuft min by PUMPSET 2 3 The pressures and flowrates for the pipes are shown below PIPENET Standard Module allowed a thorough analysis of the problem The Output Browser shows clearly that the pressure is highest at PUMPSET 1 with an inlet pressure of 44 42 psi A and that the flowrate is highest 150 6 Ib sec in LINE 3 1
36. Ld Ld SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 8 How can model a leak using PIPENET Answer This option is only available in the PIPENET Standard Module and can only be used when the fluid is a gas The modelling equation states that the pressure drop across a leak is dependent on the flow rate through the leak and on the area of the leak The area of the leak is the cross sectional area through which the fluid is leaking A typical example is a leaky door in a ventilation system Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq08 htm 18 06 02 10 10 42 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld III SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 9 How can model blocked pipes in PIPENET M Answer In PIPENET a pipe can be modelled as normal blocked or broken By default all pipes are normal but users have the facility to simulate a pipe
37. Module 2 02 Transient Module 4 01 Year 2000 compliance Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com newsletters htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 09 39 Sunrise Systems Limited PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS INFORMATION REQUEST SUNRISE Use the form below to tell us what you think about our website company products or services Please also provide us with your contact information in the spaces provided Products Services Title Latest News Name Newsletters Info Request Company aisi ae Reon Position Upgrades Contact Details Address k Home Page Links Tel Fax Email Module All Modules Send product literature Select L Send demo program L Have a salesperson contact me Comments Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Center Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com info htm 18 06 02 10 09 40 Sunrise Systems Limited PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS SOOO T j SUPPORT FAQS 5 WN ARI ki E Outlined below are some commonly asked questions about using PIPENET products We hope this section will prove useful to our users when using PIPENET products Product
38. Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld SOOO T j SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS PRODUCTS PIPENET is the leading fluid flow analysis software of its kind It is used all over the world by engineers designers and consultants in large and small organisations for a wide range of applications PIPENET is fast reliable versatile and an exceptionally well proven system A number of the largest PIPENET customers have standardised on the system for use through their organisation In some applications it is the defacto industry standard Regulatory authorities accept PIPENET M calculations as meeting the mandatory requirements and use it themselves for auditing purposes PIPENET has been accepted as meeting the TQA standards of several of its large multi national customers PIPENET Standard Module The PIPENET Standard Module is a powerful tool for the design of general steady flow of fluids in pipes It provides a quick and cost effective means of designing real life problems PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module The PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module is exceptional for the design of fire protection systems It can be used to design deluge ringmain sprinkler and foam solution systems for offshore platforms refineries petroch
39. UNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page e Links PIPENET LEADING THE WATY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS CASE STUDY 2 Design of a Fire Ringmain for a Gas Processing Plant using Spray Module The PIPENET Spray Module played an integral role in the design of a fire ringmain for a Gas Processing Plant feeding a number of potential fire hazard areas The system was to be designed to protect five zones and an investigation into how the supply requirement could be met by a pump was required PIPENET Spray Module was used to find the required diameters of the pipes in the system and given that a pressure of 3 52 gar gauge was required at one of the inlets to find the pressure required at the pump outlet in order to provide this Problem Ringmain Pressures The engineering company wished to ascertain the pressure required at the outlet of PUMPS2 1 in order to provide a pressure of 3 52 bar gauge and a flowrate of 5364 litres min at FARM 2 Only one of the zones would be discharging at any given time but the system had to be designed to cater for flow through any of them PUMPS2 1 would produce too high a pressure at the inlet to FARM 2 so the size of the orifice plate at the inlet to FARM 2 needed to reduce the pressure to 3 52 bar gauge was required The pipes in the primary main below were to be below ground and lined with 2m
40. Y ROAD WATERBEACH CAMBRIDGE CB5 9QZ UK TELEPHONE 01223 441311 INT 44 1223 441311 FAX 01223 441297 INT 44 1223 441297 EMAIL pipenet sunrise sys com WEB SITE www sunrise sys com Alternatively the pipe results can be displayed sequentially as a movie This can be an ex tremely useful visual tool for the engineer Penal Tims Di s pla cT T ipe vor able against Ciibtiic Tite Flows anag pipe 1 san Tim recanda r Ape sechors 1 Ep Tim sacnads it Apa Largh st deer 5 Boza Hi DUC LiF Pipa Pipe Enna jiu Palris 1 oun T Unfortunately this newsletter cannot do justice to this dynamic new feature But when you re ceive the new version or a demo of the new version you will see that results for pipes ex periencing a pressure surge can be quite dra matic demonstrating clearly the pressure wave travelling along the pipe length Improved calculation algorithm Sunrise Systems are committed to continually improving the calculation algorithms used by PIPENET One aspect of the Transient Module calculation that sometimes gave rise to calculation failure in previous versions was that of a component state switch Certain components in PIPENET can experi a Oulpul Browser File Search Optons Help CALCTLAT COW FIEL ence a state switch when the nature of the mod elling equation changes Examples include a valve becoming fully closed and a vacuum breaker starting to draw air in
41. a v ii a efe alalle ede ANTE Ala a Status ainj x Attribute Component Type Label 0 0116436 1 47771 1815 8 Windows PIPENET V 3 11 Results lit min Ibar G From the analysis that was undertaken using PIPENET AOGT were able to set the duty point for the new DADL This was determined as being 2800m hr at 19 1 bar at the discharge flange The existing firepumps are being refur bished and upgraded to meet this new demand By using PIPENET AOGT have been able to identify areas within existing deluge systems where the hydraulic gradient is being con strained by undersized piping We are under taking to rectify these piping anomalies with a resultant saving in firewater demand of over 2090 amp Output Browser File Search Options Help The PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module by Sun rise Systems has played a major part in enabling AOGT s Fire Protection Engineer to complete this work in a very short timescale The program is running on a desktop PC using Windows 95 which allows the responsible engineer to ben efit from working in a multi tasking environment The complete library of data and output files will be presented to Statoil for their future use AOGT are now undertaking a review of the tran sient conditions within the ringmain post modifi cation This will allow AOGT to determine the best solution required to reduce surge overpres sures to an acceptable level This ar
42. allation works associated with continued operation and future decommissioning activities on the site The models developed are for radio chemical process facilities in which the ventilation systems provide an important dual role firstly to control the working environment in terms of maintaining comfortable working conditions and secondly to provide an important safety function whereby system containment is ensured Within nuclear process plant it is necessary to achieve a predefined air throughput to ensure that acceptable activity levels are maintained throughout the plant Further it is required to operate according to a containment philosophy whereby all areas of plant operate at a depression relative to atmosphere Within the plant a depression gradient is established such that air is cascaded through various defined containment levels thereby establishing a contamination gradient within the plant Operating at a depression ensures that any leakage paths occurring in the system will result in an inflow of air to the facility hence containing any activity present Ventilation air which has passed through a radio chemical process plant could potentially pick up activity and cannot be exhausted directly back to atmosphere There is therefore significant filtration clean up plant associated with the exhaust side of the process Traditional methods used to analyse ventilation systems involve the use of hand calculations that work t
43. ally started under two circumstances If there is a fire and as a result the firewater ringmain depressurises e During routine tests of the firewater pumps which are generally carried out once a week Under both these circumstances water which rises rapidly in the dry riser pipe could be brought to rest instantaneously on completion of priming This is likely to cause a substantial pressure surge unless an escape route is found by the water This is typically provided by an overboard dump valve which is closed after priming in a manner which will reduce the level of pressure surge to an acceptable value The graphs which have been produced by PIPENET Transient module show the remarkable difference between priming with and without an overboard dump valve The installation of an overboard dump valve of an appropriate size almost completely eliminates the pressure surge Graph 1 4 Pump Priming with No Overboard Dump Valve Pressure of Air a via bi aaar O L Li a a be me me ree Graph 5 1 Pump Priming with Overboard Dump Valve Cv 3000 15 20 sec Closure kaa Water Level i Time seconds Upgrade Patches Minor upgrades to PIPENET modules are now available for download at the Sunrise Systems web page at www sunrise sys com In order to access the Upgrades page users will require a user name and password Users may request a user name and password by
44. an de mare kr kann Y E dm ir heb foli nlicewinag users do ender anal oi Pesta ake Ad 54 bieti The sohernsestio ospsblily oan be ua ener noo vebi Foi Semen enie Tor Tni nonk er or a5 TE ka E T TE M ie RETA For inire debile es L nent 5 nar T P1223 n Fan e 2S spam End DA Burros Feats Liebe AN hin peered Next Issue The next issue will include more of the regular sections Case Studies and Frequently Asked Questions We will also describe in more de tail the revised suite of modules which are due for release in the coming months We always welcome any contributions to the newsletter from our users In particular we would like to receive more case studies such as those we have already featured in this and previous newsletters Frequently Asked Questions Q1 What are NPSH and Cavitation Param eter and where can l find out more Mechanics of Fluids by B S Massey ISBN 0748740430 is a good general purpose text book on the principles of fluid mechanics It pro vides a discussion on NPSH and the Cavitation Parameter This discussion is paraphrased here Ener erg i F Grace Ling Datum Consider a reservoir supplying a pump as shown in the figure Applying the energy equation be tween the surface of liquid in the supply reser voir and the entry to the impeller we have where v4 and P4 represent the fluid velocity and static presure respectively at the inlet of the pu
45. and a further 1 minute to shut down the pump On the other hand with a leak detection system installed it would take 4 min utes to detect a leak and a further 1 minute to shutdown the pump The estimated amount of oil which is drained into the sea is an important consideration for contingency planning and the development of an effective Emergency Pipe line Repair System EPRS For the valve closure surge analysis the net work in schematic form is shown below The pipeline is approximately 35 km of 200 mm pipe following the profile of the seabed The lowest point of the pipeline is 80 m below the level of the platform Oil is pumped by a booster transfer pump and there is an isolation valve at the end of the pipeline Consider the following four valve closure cases 60 sec 120 sec 240 sec 600 sec quadratic valve closure In the first scenario the valve is set to close in 60 sec The wave speed is 1159 m sec The period for the pressure wave to return to the valve after traversing the length of the pipe is 60 4 sec As this time which is sometimes re ferred to as the critical time is longer than the valve closure time this scenario is likely to gen erate the maximum surge pressure Graph 1 1 Offshore Oil Pipeline Valve Closure in 60 sec Value Pasilion Prassune Upstream of Valve Pressure Upstream af valvelbar L USO aAA Time feconds As expected the maximum pressure occurs at the lowest point in th
46. and for the output results To reduce the time spent entering data PIPENET Transient Module has been designed so that data for pipes pumps and valves that is common to more than one problem as is frequently the case only needs to be entered once and can be replicated When solving problems the engineer often wishes to experiment with different variables such as valve and pump operating schedules PIPENET Transient Module is specially designed to facilitate this basic network information need only be specified once and may be modified quickly and easily for subsequent simulations http www sunrise sys com transient htm 1 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 48 Sunrise Systems Limited Key Features Fittings Multiple fittings can be inserted on a pipe and it is not necessary to treat them as separate entities They are simply defined as attributes of a pipe Schematic Capture Facility A network can be defined using schematic and results can be displayed on the schematic A properties window can also be displayed to the right of the schematic to display the properties of a component and any associated results On line help gives more details on the features of PIPENET Automatic Calculation of Wave Speed and Time Step However the user has the option to specify both the wave speed and the time step Cavitation Modelling and Boundary Conditions Not only can PIPENET Transient Module predict cavity separation it can act
47. and the results were tabulated in the Output Browser This shows clearly 4th column in the table above that pipes NEW19 and NEW20 should be 100mm NEW21 NEW22 NEW23 and NEW24 should be 80mm NEW26 should be 40mm and NEW22 should be 25mm diameter Back to Standard Module Case Studies Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road http www sunrise sys com stdcase01 htm 2 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 49 Sunrise Systems Limited Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com stdcase01 htm 3 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 49 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld a nm SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS CASE STUDY 2 Analysis of Cooling Water System Problem using Standard Module PIPENET Standard Module was used with outstanding success in the design of a cooling water system by a leading company The engineer often wishes to experiment with different variables such as valve and pump operating schedules when solving problems PIPENET Standard Module is specially designed to facilitate this basic network information need only be specified once and may be modified quickly and easily for subsequent simulations The following example illustr
48. as many equations as there are unknown parameters None of these equations may be linearly dependent In PIPENET the linear dependence of equations is checked after a calculation is attempted and not when the Check button or Check menu option is selected Hence a network may pass the Check phase successfully but fail the calculation phase Consider the simplified example presented below This network appears to satisfy the specification requirements There are four ionodes 1 3 5 and 6 and the same number of flowrate and pressure specifications lonodes 1 and 3 have flow and pressure specifications whereas ionodes 5 and 6 are left unset When a check is performed the check status indicates that pipes and nodes have been specified adequately However the calculation fails The network is under specified in one area and File nit Li Window Help Dieli ee gor as SE si ve mi E g xI hahe kal a fE 8 KNO TAG gt Pipes over specified in another Consider the area of the network defined by nodes 4 5 and 6 Itis not possible for the model to determine the distribution of flow into pipes 4 and 5 at node 4 This sub network is therefore under specified Now consider the area of the network defined by nodes 1 2 and 3 Four pressure and flow specifications are provided at nodes 1 and 3 but these were not all needed to calculate the pressure at node 2 If pressure and fl
49. as an integral part of decommissioning This could include the removal of whole sections of plant and or estimating the consequences of reducing air throughput in the plant etc The PIPENET models developed to support this project are large by comparison with other applications typically having in excess of 1000 components including a large number of control valves multiple fans and a significant number of HEPA filtration systems The systems are extremely dendritic in nature and all end points require linking back to a common ambient File Init Library Pump Fan View Calc Schematic Window Help 18 x Delil ele gm ae e e FT BS V gt aml EF de AE IIIS maleje zf The schematic display of the network comprising 214 pipes 321 ducts 10 pumps fans 80 filters 199 control valves Loaded INFILTRATION REQUIRED 2nd DAT Astan e 7 BY Microsoft Word Documentt Standard PIPENET V boundary condition Supply and extract systems have been simulated along with the infiltration that would be associated with any system running at a depression relative to ambient The models have all been validated against detailed plant measurements and have become an important component in the baselining of plant operation Sensitivity studies have been performed to investigate the consequences of system failures i e fan failures the effect of filter loading i e increased losses as filters ge
50. aterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq05 htm 18 06 02 10 10 39 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld immmmmmmummummEHm SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 6 set the required number of specifications in accordance with the specification rules in the manual A check on the status of the network suggests that all components are adequately specified However when perform a calculation it fails with the error This network cannot be solved Please check your network or specifications Answer The specification rules state that the total number of pressure and flowrate specifications must equal the number of ionodes in the system However although the overall network may appear to obey this rule discrete areas of a network may be over specified or under specified Such areas will cause a calculation to fail When performing a calculation PIPENET assembles a series of simultaneous equations that it must solve to find flows and pressures throughout the network In order for this method to succeed PIPENET must be able to create as many equations as there are unknown parameters None of these equations may be linea
51. ates how quickly one can appraise a proposed solution to the problem Problem Cooling System Standard Module was used to help design a closed loop cooling water system which circulated a glycol water mixture through four heat exchangers Two identical pump sets were used each of which operated with local recycle and were controlled by a throttle valve After passing through the heat exchangers the coolant streams were to be combined chilled and returned to the recycle pump inlets It was necessary to find the flowrates at the pumps required if the pressure was to be maintained at 25 psi A at the riser The pressures and the flowrates in the pipes were of particular importance as incorrect flowrates might result in insufficient heat being removed from the heat exchangers tes xum i ID bare EU TI IL STE Click diagram to enlarge To facilitate data entry the user interface is the Windows format which customers consistently find straightforward to use Data is entered into dialog boxes such as those shown below http www sunrise sys com stdcase02 htm 1 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 50 Sunrise Systems Limited ee Fran horas F risk Saher I Tija Ponp le Pas la E koni ei r n FF drehe F bo Denn P ras taa nhe F dem uam E rias Trag Paz Petna joys DU ira tena An PP Ascot Corky acess P rax dan aj Les T hse Carer dantan ha aras I Pe fig PP Pew de Conr E roun Sees ya ee ote ee Gan P
52. been added to the options toolbar to provide a default tag to be used for the creation of new components The Area Tool will now move both nodes and waypoints and will retain the snap to grid option Nodes and waypoints that were on a grid point prior to the move will still be on a grid point after the move Most component related limits have been increased A number of other minor improvements and corrections have also been made For any queries about upgrading email support sunrise sys Com Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com news htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 09 38 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld III SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS NEWSLETTERS PIPENET NEWS Sunrise Systems Newletters provide overviews of new Pipenet product releases case studies frequently asked questions and other news Features which are specific to each newsletter are summarised below Click on Download File to download the newsletter All of our newsletters are available in Adobe Acrobat pdf format If you don t have Acrobat Reader on your computer Air you can download it for fre
53. btained his PhD in Fluid Mechanics in 1990 from LJM University He worked for Brown amp Root Energy Services in the Arabian Gulf USA and the UK He now works for ZADCO in the UAE with responsibil ity for developing a Pipeline Integrity Risk Man agement System for an extensive subsea pipe line network He is a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in London and has a Master of Business Administration degree from Surrey University He is the author of anumber of papers on pipelines and related technologies Steve Horn It was with great sadness we all learnt that Steve Horn passed away on 31 July 2001 Not only was Steve a PIPENET user for over 20 years he was also a friend and colleague to many of us He was an inspiration to all of us and some of the key features of PIRPENET are a result of his suggestions He will be missed by all of us oteve is survived by his wife Lyn and two sons New Web Page Our new web page was launched in 2001 Visit www sunrise sys com to download the latest pro gram patches download previous newsletters view answers to frequently asked questions and much more FY Gere iee Sete United Miorasalt Iaberaet Explores Be QE Wea Apa Took Heb SUI 5 LEADING MAT IM FLUID FL WELCOME TO SUNRISE SYSTEMS LIMITED ki li M n L sun t Bazin a hicech aprira Ti a oorr CE or Teen el DOEDRNS WI end Cat we ol Fo nolTenag lb P aes ey peye Citas a pt ba pe wkxd kr fa angr
54. cations loxi m s mis m fluid 6 input 0 1 unset unset input 0 1 unset unset output unset unset unset 6 output unset unset unset End of existing specification data 4 Windows PIPENET V 3 22 Click diagram to enlarge Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq06 htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 41 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld immmmmmmummummEHm SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 7 After installing the PIPENET module and inserting the security key get an error message stating that the security key is not present Answer Prior to installing the PIPENETTM module you should check the following 1 Terminate any other PIPENET applications that may be running although this is not generally necessary it is probably best to eliminate as many potential conflicts as possible 2 You must have Windows Administrator privileges to install the key drivers since changes are made to the System Registry Contact your IT department if you are unsure of this or if you require your privileges
55. ce negative torque values and or pressures during a transient event Hence for accurate simulation of a Turbo pump more performance data are needed and should cover regions of abnormal operation Any unusual behaviour exhibited by the pump even momentarily may influence a transient event These data may be presented graphically in the pump s corresponding Suter Curves The curves express the head flowrate W and torque flowrate Wg for the turbo pump for all regions of operation where the flow conditions i e head flowrate speed and torque are non dimensional and expressed as percentages of the rated values values at the point of best efficiency A detailed description of the Suter transforms may be found in the Transient Module Technical Manual Chapter 1 page 18 http www sunrise sys com faq11 htm 1 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 45 Sunrise Systems Limited Click diagram to enlarge The figure shows typical Suter curves for a Radial Pump The regions referred to in the figure are termed as Zones and Quadrants Each quadrant is of length 1 2 and the zones lying therein are split at zero head flowrate and torque flowrate values There are eight possible zones of pump operation four occur during normal operation and four are abnormal zones During a transient event a pump may enter most if not all regions in the figure d
56. ce of the reservoir and p represents the density of the fluid Now v42 2g may be taken as a particular proportion of the head developed by the pump say s Hy Then we have Sc Po pg P4 pg zo z4 hy H or Sc Po pg Py pg Az hy VH where AZ Zo Z4 For the prevention of cavitation at the inlet of the pump P must be greater than P the vapour pressure of the liquid i e S gt s where http www sunrise sys com faq10O htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 44 Sunrise Systems Limited s Po pg Pypg Az hy H 2 and s is the critical value of this parameter at which appreciable cavitation begins The numerator of the expression 2 is the Net Positive Suction Head NPSH In PIPENET the supply reservoir may be considered the input node of the pump In this case Az and h become negligible and the NPSH becomes NPSH Py pg P pg and the cavitation parameter s Po pg P rg H In summary the NPSH may be considered to be a safety factor indicating the spare head available to the pump above the head at which would cause cavitation The cavitation parameter is an expression of the same but as a proportion the pump head Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq10O htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 44 Sunrise Sy
57. conds and that the linear valve closure between 0 5 and 2 seconds reduces these force fluctuations significantly CERE ns Click diagram to enlarge This is because the shut off valves are still in the process of closing when the pressure wave arrives at the shut off valves from the relief valves so the pressure wave that occurred in the former case is not reflected back Increasing the valve closure time has almost halved the force peak that arises at the shut off valves Thus a reliable and effective mode of shut off valve closure has been found with the aid of PIPENET Transient Module Further valve closure patterns could be investigated using PIPENET simply by changing the specifications of the shut off valve Back to Transient Case Studies Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com trncase02 htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 54 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld soc SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS CASE STUDY 3 Analysis of a Pump Priming Problem using Transient Module PIPENET Transient Module was used with outstanding success for an Offshore Firewater Ringmain p
58. covered by the main schematic The rectangle may be dragged with the main schematic window being scrolled to reflect the changes e Upper right the schematic window essen tially as in the current system but allowing colour coding multiple selections an im proved Area Tool with flip and invert opera tions and undo redo e Lower right a tabular view of the database via which the user can display and edit com ponent properties and display results When released the new user interface will sup port all current modules and will automatically reconfigure itself according to the type of data file opened For example if a Transient file is opened the toolbars and menus will reflect the options available for the Transient Module Import and export of data will be provided via copy paste and plugins The former will make it possible to copy paste between the tabular view and a spreadsheet and the latter will provide a more flexible import and export mechanism Using Sunrise Systems or user supplied plugins it will be possible to interface to external databases CAD drawing packages etc Shows and Events ounrise Systems Limited attends shows and exhibitions This newsletter has been timed to coincide with the presence and demonstration of our full range of PIPENET products at ADIPEC 2000 The show is being held during the period October 15 18 2000 in Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Sunrise Systems is being represe
59. cs and closure time together with boundary conditions of pres sure at system inlet pump suction and outlet wellhead The software can be used to check for input errors before running the program Once the model was completed various runs were performed to examine the pressure surges that are generated by scenarios such a simultaneous closure of all wellhead wing valves and during pump start up The findings pointed to a need to adjust certain valve clo sure times to bring peak pressures within the system design maximum allowable Sunrise Systems provided support during de velopment of the model and program opera tion enabling a process engineer unfamiliar with the software package to gain useful results quickly When a problem could not be solved continued immediately by telephone the input files were emailed to Sunrise Systems and suggestions for solutions were made in a timely manner The diagrams below show two views of the Water Injection System This article has been reproduced with the kind permission of Brown and Root Ltd Sunrise Web Page Remember to visit our web page at www sunrise sys com This now includes a statement on Year 2000 compliance and infor mation on the latest releases Sunrise at ADIPEC Sunrise were recently represented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference Sunrise attended as part of a del egation headed by the British Minister of State at the De
60. curity key is not present Prior to installing the PIPENET module you should check the following 1 Terminate any other PIPENET applications that may be running although this is not generally necessary it is probably best to eliminate as many potential conflicts as possible 2 You must have Windows Administrator privi leges to install the key drivers since changes are made to the System Registry Contact your IT department if you are unsure of this or if you require your privileges to be changed 3 Check that you have read and write access rights to the drive where the software will be installed by default C and where the temporary files will reside also by default drive C This is necessary since some organisations prohibit their users from accessing the local disk and selected network drives other than for read Again if you do not have these rights then you will have to contact your IT department 4 Ifyou are using Windows 95 or 98 remember to re boot the system immediately following installation of the software You can check whether or not the necessary drivers are installed by entering the following command in a DOS window or from the Start Run menu option lt path gt keydriver hinstall where lt path gt is the installation path for the PIPENET software If the drivers are correctly installed then this should report this fact together with the installa tion date If the command reports tha
61. dded as follows Block Each of the input and output nodes of the break is assumed to have an associated zero flow specification Break Each of the input and output nodes of the break is assumed to have an associated pressure specification Hence the addition of blocks and breaks always adds two specifications In the case of a block where both are flow specifications one side of the block may be left without a pressure specifi cation Control valves in the completely closed state act like blocks and therefore it may be neces sary to ensure that pressure specifications are available on both sides of a valve Case Studies THE USE OF PIPENET IN MODEL LING PRESSURE SURGES AND LEAKS IN SUBSEA AND ONSHORE PIPELINES Eur Ing Dr Waheed Al Rafai ZADCO United Arab Emirates In this paper we present results based on the pioneering work done by ZADCO in pipeline in tegrity risk management We believe that this represents a major step achieved by ZADCO in developing techniques for optimising pipeline inspection amp maintenance and sets a new world wide standard The project is concerned with the integrity modelling of the arterial oil pipeline a major asset of ZADCO ZADCO plan to derive greater value from its pipe line network which is one of its biggest assets covering hundreds of kilometres in the Arabian Gulf The challenge is to achieve a high level of pipeline integrity through risk based approaches which ha
62. dge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com trncase01 htm 3 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 53 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld a nm SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WATY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS CASE STUDY 2 Analysis of High Pressure Steam Problem using Transient Module PIPENET Transient Module was used with outstanding success for a project contracted to a leading company One of the main components of the project was to design a safe and reliable valve closure system for a high pressure steam network in a power station PIPENET M Transient Module had a unique role in this project Transient Module is ideally suited to problems such as that described below Its capabilities range far beyond this simple case Problem Steam Hammer High pressure steam enters from a boiler and runs to four shut off valves which lead to turbines The objective of the analysis was to investigate the effects of closing these valves quickly in an emergency to isolate the turbine To relieve pressure surges in the network two relief valves could open if a specified pressure limit was reached Three scenarios were considered in an attempt to find a valve closing pattern that did not cause an unacceptable pressure surge
63. draulic system This may be during normal start up normal shutdown or sud den loss of power to the pump Immediately af ter a pump start up the hydraulic system mostly experiences a local pressure rise and immedi ately after a shutdown and power loss there is depressurisation If pressures fall below vapour pressure they may cause a growth and subse quently collapse of vapour cavities leading to a transient event In the Transient Module there are two types of pumps that may be used to simulate such a pump a Simple Pump or a Turbo Pump In circumstances where it is important to analyse unsteady flow caused by a pump it is important to simulate the pump by a Turbo pump When such analysis is not as crucial a Simple Pump is sufficient for the simulation and in most cases is perfectly adequate During a transient a pump may experience a reversal in flow through the pump or a change in its rotational speed or both Furthermore it may also experience negative torque values and or pressures during a transient event Hence for accurate simulation of a Turbo pump more per formance data are needed and should cover re gions of abnormal operation Any unusual behaviour exhibited by the pump even momen tarily may influence a transient event These data may be presented graphically in the pump s corresponding Suter Curves The curves ex press the head flowrate W and torque flowrate W for the turbo pump for all regions of ope
64. e the effective rate of closure during the critical period is slow The maximum pressure at the lowest point of the system is 69 1 bar It is difficult to reduce this significantly for the following reason The Graph 1 4 Ofishore Oil Pipeline 600 sec Quadratic Valve Closure Pressure Linear ar ave Teel Valve Position Ey Jae A f Luieiqsdp a closed head of the pump is 57 bar The addi tional pressure due to static head is approxi mately 7 bar The pressure at the lowest point would therefore be 64 bar even without any pres sure surge The next scenario we consider is the case in which a subsea pipeline ruptures on the sea bed This is potentially a serious hazard from two points of view In an area like the Arabian Gulf leakage of oil into the sea could be a ma jor disaster Furthermore the sheer waste is something an operator has to contend with One major issue in a matter like this is the analy sis of the economics of the system Is it cost effective to install a leak detection system It would therefore be of interest to consider two cases The case in which a leak detection system has been installed The case in which a leak detection system has not been installed In both cases we assume that the leak takes 30 sec to fully develop The leak itself occurs ap proximately 15 km downstream of the pump In the first case the leak is detected 240 sec after it begins and a signal is sent to t
65. e Zone A is en countered subsequent to a pump trip or a ma chine that has failed earlier The difference be tween Zones A and B is that the sign of torque has changed and hence the pump experiences a braking effect This reduces the free wheeling nature of the pump In fact the actual run away condition of a pump is attained at the boundary ofthe two zones when there is no applied torque Reversed Speed Dissipation Quadrant 31 2 21 Zones G and H are very unusual and infre quently encountered in operation Pumps that are designed to increase flow from a higher to lower reservoir and are inadvertently rotated the wrong way may encounter these zones Zone G is a purely dissipative zone Zone H is the only zone to have different flow conditions depend ing on the type of pump used A radial pump will produce positive flow with a considerable reduc tion in capacity and efficiency compared to nor mal pumping giving a positive head across the machine Mixed and axial pumps create flow in the opposite direction and a head increase in the direction of flow As it is not always possible to obtain the com plete Suter Curve from the manufacturer one may model the pump as a typical built in radial flow mixed flow or axial flow pump depending on the pump Specific Speed N N Q H where indicates rated values It is possible to do so as pump s Suter curves tend to have simi lar shapes for the same Specific Speed Alter nati
66. e by clicking on the button to the right Volume 1 Issue 5 February 2002 Download File File Contents Standard Module 3 23 Spray Module 3 23 Transient Module 5 14 An introduction to specifications Pipenet and Windows XP Case Study the use of Pipenet in modelling pressure surges and leaks in subsea and onshore pipelines Steve Horn New web page Volume 1 Issue 4 October 2000 Download File File Contents Transient Module 5 10 Upgrade patches Development of the new user interface Case Study floating platform offshore seawater system surge analysis using Pipenet M Transient Module Case Study ventilation system on a nuclear facility model using Pipenet M Standard Module Volume 1 Issue 3 December 1999 http www sunrise sys com newsletters htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 09 39 Sunrise Systems Limited Download File File Contents Standard Module 3 10 Spray Sprinkler Module 3 10 Transient Module 5 00 Case Study fire fighting system model using Pipenet Transient and Spray Sprinkler Modules Volume 1 Issue 2 May 1999 Download File File Contents Standard Module 2 05 Spray Sprinkler Module 3 00 Transient Module 4 10 The schematic option Case Study water injection system model using Pipenet Transient Module Volume 1 Issue 1 July 1998 Download File File Contents Standard Module 2 02 Spray Sprinkler
67. e only zone to have different flow conditions depending on the type of pump used A radial pump will produce positive flow with a considerable reduction in capacity and efficiency compared to normal pumping giving a positive head across the machine Mixed and axial pumps create flow in the opposite direction and a head increase in the direction of flow As it is not always possible to obtain the complete Suter Curve from the manufacturer one may model the pump as a typical built in radial flow mixed flow or axial flow pump depending on the pump Specific Speed Ns Np Qp 2 Hp 34 where p indicates rated values It is possible to do so as pump s Suter curves tend to have similar shapes for the same Specific Speed Alternatively the curve may be estimated by interpolation with the PIPENET built in curves If one would like to enter a user defined Suter curve one must first non dimensionalise the physical quantities and apply the Suter Transforms The abscissa x ranges from 0 to 2n If the flowrate is negative AND the pump speed is strictly negative then x ranges between 0 and 7 2 if the flowrate is strictly negative AND the pump speed is positive then x ranges between 7 2 and m if the flowrate is positive AND the pump speed is positive then x ranges between x and 37 2 and if the flowrate is strictly positive AND the pump speed is strictly negative then x ranges between 37 2 and 2m 1 Martin C S Representation of Pump Charact
68. e system and reaches a value of 95 3 bar In the second scenario the valve closure time is increased to 120 sec One would expect the pressure surge to decrease a little but not very significantly This is because in a system of this type the pressure surge can be expected to decrease significantly only after the valve clo sure time is several times the critical time As described in the previous paragraph the critical time is the time taken for the pressure wave ema nating from the valve to travel the length of the system and return Graph 1 2 Offshore Oil Pipeline Valve Closure in 120 sec Pressure Upstream of Yale bar G WSO WAEA Time seconds The maximum pressure again occurs at the low est point in the system and reaches 92 5 bar As expected this is a little less than the maxi mum pressure with 60 sec valve closure time but not greatly Graph 1 3 Offshore Oil Pipeline Valve Closure in 240 sec Lope SE Pressure Upstream of Valee mar 3 Time seconds The pressure peak occurs at the lowest point and has a value of 88 9 bar In the next case we consider a valve closure time of 600 sec with a quadratic pattern The advantage of quadratic valve closure is the fol lowing Generally the pressure surge is cre ated during the final stages of valve closure With quadratic valve closure the valve closes quickly to begin with and slowly during the final moments So within a given valve closure tim
69. ech engineering software company based in Cambridge Our team of professional scientists and engineers who form the company are dedicated to nothing but the highest quality PIPENET M products PIPENET is a powerful software tool for the engineer who needs to carry out fluid flow analysis on a network of pipes and ducts quickly and reliably Whether the engineer is troubleshooting an existing system or designing a new system from scratch practically any flow analysis problem can be solved using PIPENET Extensive data checking minimises wasted time while the proprietary calculation engine at the heart of all PIPENET M modules ensures reliable results PIPENET runs under Microsoft Windows operating system Networks can be created using either text input or schematic Interactive data entry through pull down menus dialog boxes etc makes PIPENET easy to use The calculation output has been carefully designed to be logical comprehensive and easy to read The output can be saved in Word and Write formats making text processing and incorporation into design reports simple All PIPENET Modules i e Standard Spray Sprinkler and Transient now come with a schematic facility allowing users to enter and edit networks via a graphical interface The schematic capability can be used either as a visualisation tool with text entry for the network details or as the normal method for entering and editing networks For more de
70. ectory then the command would be otd V320 V321 C PIPENE T std3 20 exec Major releases are not available by patched downloads These will continue to be distributed on CD ROM by post Email Address Please note that our correct email address is pipenet sunrise sys com Customers who have not contacted Sunrise Systems recently should be aware that the old email address pipenet sunrise ndirect co uk has been termi nated and is no langer valid New PIPENET User Interface Development The following is a screen capture of the new graphical user interface development illustrating some of the radical and exciting new developments taking place There is still much work left to complete this development and the appearance may change Nodes L TIT The four main areas depicted are as follows e Upper left a tabbed window used for dis playing the attributes of the currently se lected component a colour scheme user notes status etc Here we show the colour scheme window via which the user can select which attributes are displayed on the schematic and which colour is to be used for drawing the component For example here we are displaying node elevations and pipe bores Elevations less than 10 units will be displayed in red elevations between 10 and 20 units in blue and so on e Lower left overview window showing an overall view of the schematic with a rec tangle showing the region
71. ed anywhere in the network Loops grids and trees may be incorporated in any combination Output report This can be created using Word Write or PIPENET Output Browser Meet mandatory requirements as PIPENET results are acceptable to regulatory authorities Case Studies The following case studies describe typical real life applications of PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module Simply click on the example of interest for a detailed description Case Study 1 Analysis of a Fire Protection System Case Study 2 Design of a Fire Ringmain for a Gas Processing Plant Information Request lf you would like to request our product literature or demo http www sunrise sys com spray htm 2 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 47 Sunrise Systems Limited program or if you would like to have a salesperson contact you Click Here for the Information Request Form Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com spray htm 3 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 47 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS PIPENET TRANSIENT MODULE zi Description zi Key Features mi Case Studies zi Information Request
72. ed component and also shows whether results are selected for the component yelete Vilar Copy Properties Shut Off Valves to Turbine Paste Properties View Results Presalfe Remove Results Flowrate Volume Information Bi QB Mk5 PIPENET ISTAND Once the simulation has completed graphical results can be selected directly from the schematic win dow If the Graph Viewer isn t already open it will automatically open and plot the requested graph if the results are available Simply right click and choose one of the View Results options Below right is the graph of pressure along pipe 2 from the shutdown valves to the steam header at 1 second ig Schematic Capture Atribule Pressure along pipe 2 at 1 second Component Type Properties Inout Flow Node Output Flow Node Insert Node Lenath m Delete Nominal Bore mm O Elevation m 5 ViEW Spechication a Bemoveapeonication Roughness mm Q Additional K factor 5 Delete Waypoints Vvs T Results 6 Copy Properties V vs D Results A Paste Properties Select Results View Results M Variable v Time Remove Results Variable v Distance Pressure oo Flowrate 179 35 9 53 8 718 Cavity Volume y Distance along pipe metres E Transient Help OE x e Er Hide Back Print Options I I Contents Ind S h Full On line Help is now z index Search p rating Vai
73. ed for a user name and password enter both in lower case User name Password pipenet pembroke 3 he update is downloaded as a single self extracting Zip file Download the file to a suitable location on your hard disk and then double click on the file to ex tract the setup files to a suitable direc tory on your hard disk Locate the direc tory using Windows Explorer and double click on the file SETUP EXE to install the new key drivers 4 If you subsequently need to re install an earlier version of a PIPENET module be sure to repeat this procedure since installing an earlier version of a PIPENET module will replace the new key drivers with older versions Patches and Forthcoming Releases Patches to PIPENET Modules Periodically Sunrise will issue releases of the latest versions of all of its modules These re leases are issued on CD ROM and are issued to existing customers with MUS agreements and also to new customers The latest CD ROM re lease was for versions 3 20 of the Standard and Spray Sprinkler modules and 5 11 of the Tran sient module The next CD ROM release due shortly will be for versions 3 23 of the Standard and Spray Sprinkler modules and 5 14 of Tran sient In between releases patches that fix minor er rors and omissions are made available via our website Patch releases are available to all cus tomers and each patch generates a new patch release version Thus for example foll
74. ed to be entered in order to define the next nozzle Network data is quick and simple to enter Calculation time is short Modifications to simulations are easy to make The range of network features that can be modelled is http www sunrise sys com sprcase01 htm 2 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 51 Sunrise Systems Limited extensive e Automatic check facility allows user to verify that data entry is correct e Results of calculations are tabulated The calculation results as viewed in the output browser show that the Pressure required at the inlet of each deluge system would be 3 584 bar gauge and that the Flowrate there should be 2692 litres min It also tabulates the flowrates through the individual nozzles and gives the percentage deviation from the design flowrate of 65 45 litres min Total lengths of each pipe bore required is also listed for example 18 61 metres of the 50mm nominal bore pipe were required for each deluge system za kai PERE REES EE YN moun elspa jar LI idR J mn 1 F a Li LEF T 1 M HM mn kai jal Click diagram to enlarge Back to Spray Sprinkler Case Studies Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com sprcase01 htm 3 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 51 Sunrise Systems Limited MENENENENN Bee ee eee ee 1 SOOO S
75. egend Labels System Or later use Printing Export mage l l Border Format in a project uin irme qct report by C Color Target selecting Landscape C poe Browse the Sys tem Full page f File examples giph1 BMF properties Bmn Export Map File Graph Template Format Client v Save Data Browse Tag File Ref Strings Browse Name File Load Save tab right Cancel Apply Now Help Transient Module Version 5 00 continued Compressible Flow Pipe Model The latest release of Transient Module includes a new model designed to calculate compress ible gas flow in a single pipe The schematic representation of the compressible pipe is shown below PIPENET Transient Module Mk V Ver 5 00 Untitled OP X File Init Libraries View Check Calculation Schematic Output Window Help JAG DIES y i EE s B Sum FIEIES Mk5 PIPENET The Compressible Flow Pipe has been designed with one particular application in mind Relief valves are often used to protect vessels con taining hazardous fluids They tend to open very rapidly which causes a sudden increase of pres sure at the inlet of the attached pipe This leads to a shock wave travelling down this pipe below Pressure along pipe at 0 16 seconds Shock Wave _ _ _ pe Pressure bar G Distance along pipe metres The forces ass
76. eline Maximum Allowable Operating Pres sure MAOP may need to be modified from the original design pressure in some cases If it is raised above the original design pressure it will have significant implications on the pipeline in tegrity and risk which must be evaluated When an operator increases the pressure the risk of failure will also increase Likewise if it needs to be lowered this would also have a favourable impact on the risk of failure and the correspond ing inspection frequency when utilising Risk Based Inspection PIPENET provides the means to quantify the MAOP requirement for lines that are placed in a service for which they were not originally de signed Pressure flowrates velocities and the composition of the fluid transported change over time from the initial design whilst corrosion and erosion reduce the pressure containment ability of a pipeline PIPENET also allows the investigation and lim its the consequences of an accident through de signing an appropriate early warning system Dynamic modelling of pipelines prevent an ex treme scenario of risk to an operator who may be steadily increasing the pressure in the pipe line without introducing any mitigation measures In this example we consider modelling a pipe line which carries oil from an offshore platform to onshore reception facilities The effect of valve closure and closure time The effect of a pipe rupture The objective in the firs
77. emical and chemical plants PIPENET Transient Module The PIPENET Transient Module provides a speedy and cost effective means of rigorous transient analysis It can be used for predicting pressure surges water and steam hammer calculating hydraulic forces necessary for pipe stress analysis or modelling control systems in flow networks Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com products htm 18 06 02 10 09 36 Sunrise Systems Limited ie b ie le ir b ie a P Zr i F SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WATY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS SERVICES To ensure that customers obtain the maximum benefit from the use of PIPENET products Sunrise Systems offers the following services Documentation All PIPENET modules are supplied with comprehensive documentation which includes Tutorials Worked Examples User Manuals Technical Manuals Demo CD Roms Training While PIPENET is easy to use even for those without prior experience training courses are available to help users get the most out of the system The training courses include e Basic principles of network design e How to use PIPENET to its maxim
78. ently now is the time to upgrade Standard Module Version 3 23 Improved control valve modelling Hydraulic grade line data is provided in the browser output if this option has been selected in the calculation options and the output tables The pump fan processor now allows up to 20 points to be used when defining the pump curve Amendments have been made to ensure that the correct K factor is displayed via the K factors button in the duct properties dialog Although an incorrect value could have been displayed the correct value was used in the output of the calculator The limit for the number of control valves has been increased to 600 The limit for the number of different tags has been increased to 600 The limit for the total number of pump fans and filters has been increased to 350 A number of other minor improvements and corrections have also been made Spray Sprinkler Module Version 3 23 The pump fan processor now allows up to 20 points to be used when defining the pump curve Amendments have been made to ensure that the correct K factor is displayed via the K factors button in the duct properties dialog Although an incorrect value could have been displayed the correct value was used in the output of the calculator The limit for the number of control valves has been increased to 600 The limit for the number of different tags has been increased to 600 The limit for the total number
79. epending on the appropriate circumstances Normal Quadrant x 31 2 Zone D represents the region of normal operation of a pump All four quantities head H flowrate Q pump speed N and applied torque T are defined as positive The head is defined to be the difference between the outlet and inlet values The flowrate is defined to be positive if the fluid passes from the inlet to outlet The pump rotational speed is defined positive in the clockwise direction as depicted and the applied torque is the difference between the motor torque applied by the pump and the fluid torque imparted on it In this case the flowrate is positive indicating useful application of energy A machine can operate in Zone E if it is being overpowered by an upstream pump or reservoir or there is a sudden pressure drop during a transient event such as a pump trip When in Zone F it is likely but not useful that a pump may generate power with positive flow and pump speed due to the negative head and result in positive efficiency given the negative torque The efficiency is low due to either poor entrance and or exit flow conditions Dissipation Quadrant 7 2 x The pump usually enters Zone C shortly after a pump trip Even if there is a downstream operating valve the combined inertia of the motor and pump and its entrained fluid may maintain a positive pump rotation but at a reduced value at the time of flow reversal due to the positive head on the machine This
80. eristics for Transient Analysis ASME Symposium on Performance Characteristics of Hydraulic Turbines and Pumps Winter Annual Meeting Boston November 13 18 1983 pp 1 13 Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq11 htm 3 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 45 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld JOUE SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS PIPENET STANDARD MODULE m Description zi Key Features m Case Studies zi Information Request Description The PIPENET Standard Module is a powerful tool in the design of general steady flow of fluids liquids gases and steam in pipes It provides a quick and cost effective means of designing real life problems This includes the design of pipe sizes in a network and the modelling of blocked or broken pipes in a network to create what if scenarios Networks in the PIPENET Standard Module can be as simple or complex as necessary A network can be defined from a wide choice of elements pipes ducts nozzles pumps fans filters non return valves control valves leaks fixed pressure drops orifice plates properties and specifica
81. finery Problem using Standard Module PIPENET Standard Module was used with outstanding success in the design of a modification to a High Pressure Steam Utility System in a Refinery The engineer often wishes to experiment with different variables such as valve and pump operating schedules when solving problems PIPENET Standard Module is specially designed to facilitate this basic network information need only be specified once and may be modified quickly and easily for subsequent simulations The following example illustrates the use of the PIPENET Design Facility to find a solution to the problem Problem High Pressure Steam System The Refinery was designing an extension to an existing system so that pipework would lead to four new outlets The configuration is shown in the diagram below with the existing network labelled with the tag OLD and the proposed new section labelled with the tag NEW The problem was to find what the sizes of the new pipes should be in order to provide the specified supplies at the four new outlets Steam was available at the header inlet at 18 bar gauge and 230 C PIPENET Design Facility was used to choose the appropriate sizes for the pipes in the new part of the network Click diagram to enlarge To facilitate data entry the user interface is the Windows format which customers consistently find straightforward to use Data is entered into dialog boxes such as those shown
82. he pump to stop and the valve to close After receiving the signal to stop the pump takes 60 sec to wind down The valve closes in 180 sec after receiv ing the signal to close The system schematic and the graphical results are shown below Graph 1 5 Offshore Cil Pipeline Pipe Rupture oof 40g bJ uEnani are Dischanja Ares use or Pump 5DOU l Farge mugh Laat Discharge Pressure of Parmgineres INA fet V 300 00 Bon 1200 1600 In the second case we assume that the pump continues to operate and the valve remains open even after the leak starts The operators manu ally detect that there has been a leak and the system is shutdown 15 minutes after the leak starts Graph 1 6 Offshore Oil Pipeline Pipe Rupture Flowrate through Leakseu mar SOW Emyosig dung je amzsa44 As expected the case without the installation of the leak detection system has a considerable environmental impact In addition PIPENET can estimate the amount of oil which has leaked into the sea in the above cases PIPENET can also be used to assess the impact of pa rameters such as the response time of the leak detection system the spindown time of the pump the valve closure time and other parameters Amount of leakage with leak detection system 600 m Amount of leakage without a leak detection sys tem 2070 m ONSHORE PIPELINE MODELLING The second case we consider is an onshore cross country pipeline
83. hrough the system components in turn Although this is a perfectly acceptable method of qualifying or designing a system it is error prone tedious and not particularly flexible in terms of responding to the evolution of a design Alternatively as has been demonstrated by the AWE modelling it is possible to develop whole ventilation system models using the pipe network analysis program PIPENET which allow parametric design studies to be performed for a variety of plant operating conditions including normal and fault operation Plant design or operational changes can readily be incorporated into such a model and the consequences of these can be investigated with relative ease Using such methods the design of the plant can be optimised to match the design criteria in a cost effective manner Generally when designing a ventilation system it will be necessary to ensure that for normal operation there is sufficient head provided by the fans to overcome the associated system parasitic losses at the specified design flow rates Further it may be necessary to demonstrate how the system behaves during a fault condition when equipment within a ventilation system may have failed The work at AWE has concentrated on supporting current operations whilst providing an analysis tool which will be invaluable at the planning stage for future decommissioning works PIPENET predictions will be utilised to support any plant changes to be implemented
84. in the first instance will usually solve this problem If the solution is not what was expected then increase the accuracy by changing the convergence tolerance default 0 001 to a small value say 0 00001 The number of iterations and the tolerance are set in Calc Spec for Calculation in Standard and Spray Sprinkler Modules Calculation Controls in Transient Module Q5 Why when I select the Help option is no help displayed The PIPENET modules all use the latest HTML Help facilities provided by all new Microsoft applications This form of help is based on the use of a Web Browser program that must be installed before the Help facility can be activated To obtain the full benefits of HTML Help it is recommended that Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 be installed This is now provided on CD ROM releases CD ROM Releases PIPENET releases are now available on CD ROM This makes the installation process faster and more User friendly In addition we are now able to include far more information with the release including All three PIPENET Modules note PIPENET will only run with a suitably licensed security key e Self running demos oit back and enjoy the self running demo versions of Standard Spray Sprinkler and Transient Modules These introduce the key features of each module and show clearly how to set up typical problems Interactive demos If you are interested in any of the other PIPENET
85. industries since 1988 Currently over 1 000 companies worldwide use Chemstations technologies to improve their productivity and increase their profitability COADE s products include CAESAR II the industry s de facto standard for pipe stress analysis and design PV Elite and CODECALC for pressure vessel design and analysis CADWorx an integrated series for piping and plant design drafting and automation and TANK a comprehensive program for designing and analyzing oil storage tanks Peng EngineeringSoftware packages for piping stress WinSim Inc analysis SIMFLEX II SIMFLEX S SIMFLEX Q DESIGN II for Windows Rigorous Process Simulation for Chemical and Hydrocarbon Processes including Refining Refrigeration Petrochemical Gas Processing Gas Treating Pipelines Ammonia Methanol and Hydrogen Facilities http www sunrise sys com links htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 03 Sunrise Systems Limited NFPA The mission of the international nonprofit NFPA is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocating scientifically based consensus codes and standards research training and education http www sunrise sys com links htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 03 PIPENET M NEWS SUNRISE Leading the way in fluid flow analysis Volume 1 Issue 5 Editorial Sunrise Systems is continuously working on pro ducing a thoroughly revised front end for al
86. ine can op erate in Zone E if itis being overpowered by an upstream pump or reservoir or there is a sud den pressure drop during a transient event such as a pump trip When in Zone F it is likely but not useful that a pump may generate power with positive flow and pump speed due to the nega tive head and result in positive efficiency given the negative torque The efficiency is low due to either poor entrance and or exit flow conditions Dissipation Quadrant 7 2 x The pump usually enters Zone C shortly after a pump trip Even if there is a downstream operating valve the com bined inertia of the motor and pump and its en trained fluid may maintain a positive pump rota tion but at a reduced value at the time of flow reversal due to the positive head on the ma chine This may be momentary depending on the rate at which the downstream operating valve is closed This zone is purely dissipative and results in negative or no efficiency Turbine Quadrant 0 7 2 After completing Zone C the pump may experience flow conditions of Zone B depending on the presence of a down stream operating valve In this zone the pump rotational speed is now negative forcing the pump to run away and the applied torque is positive Even though the run away pump is not generating any power it is precisely the same zone of operation of a hydraulic turbine with posi tive values of head and torque but negative val ues for pump speed and flowrat
87. ing Constant Mewtons m 100 Angle of Door when Closed deg 0 Inclination of W alye deg 0 Damping Characteristics Valve type Cv Flow Coefficient Linear Equal Percentage Quick Opening K factor fully open Junset Valve port area rrr unser Cv Flow Coeff it min fbar 2 10000 Hess ak Cancel Damping M m rad s Exponent of velocity Term The default value for damping coefficient is zero corresponding to no damping This ensures compatibility with previous versions of Transient Module The default value for damping exponent is one corresponding to linear damping Non linear damping can be modelled by including a differ ent value Angular velocity of valve door of inertial check valve 3 e ES M Information KO ooo 0 0 0 3 0 5 0 8 1 0 Time seconds Check Valve The Check Valve model has been improved so that valve closure is more realistic Liquid Surge Relief Valve The Liquid Surge Relief Valve has been im proved in Version 5 00 of Transient Module It now includes optional hysteresis which allows the Userto model relief valves more realistically The Relief Valve parameters are Set Pressure The pressure at which the valve starts to open Wide Open Pressure The valve is fully open when the inlet pressure reaches this value Closing Pressure New in Version 5 00 The valve remains fully open until the inlet pressure d
88. iption rest pump Graph Properties r Pump Curve Data Flowrate 0 5 Pressure oi 047 Flowrate Pressure Pressure curve lit min bar bar tan m o i L e eo i a 0 21 047 21 2059 a 15766 7 20 4586 20 249 16666 20 3617 20 1522 27083 3 18 5897 16 6985 n 38333 3 15 1523 16 441 Moers PT ee 41666 7 15 6629 15 636 zl Flowrate litimin m Performance Curve Flowrate lit min Pressure bar Coefficients e Quadrati Min o Min 0 5817 ki Done Linear 1 62524e 005 Max 58583 3 Max 21 2059 i Constant 21 2059 re ran nfannatian E Filed Apply OK Cancel HEG For specification curves the x axis range is be tween the simulation start and stop times Specification Specification Spec 4 Spec Pressure Node a Time Label Type Flowrate function Exponential Damped sine wave v Se Graph Properties Time function data Start time secs 4 Start value EN Stop time secs NEN E Stop value D E Exponent D 4 Time secs Repeat Next OK Cancel The properties of the graph can be altered by selecting graph properties This displays a wide range of tabbed options for editing the graph The graph can even be copied to the clipboard or saved to a SSS Ere ea Style Data Titles Axis Fonts Markers Trends Overlay die tbi flle Error Bar Background L
89. k pres sure control valve on trip to firewater mode and a procedure to utilise the drain valves around the main isolation valve to prime the system be fore re opening the main isolation valve The changes to the standby seawater lift pump system comprised modifications to the discharge check valves There were three check valves in the discharge line one immediately downstream of the pump and two further along the discharge PIPENET Transient Module Mk Y Yer 5 12 beta Kvaerner FPSO Case Study Schematic Capture File Init Libraries View Check Calculation Schematic Output Window Help x Deja Vie 2 2 el ti B alQ N e 8 2 6 ope Jo en we ei i Sa a j sla salse vimi e e pp S A STe e A a No TAG PICO17 AN PID190 H PCV017 ED PCV190 lt 4 FCV190 G C 246 kap J Mk5_PIPENET STAND Ze PIPENET Graph Viewer V4 4 Kvaerner FPSO Case Study RES File Edit Graph Change window Information 1 2 Time seconds c a Le a M c 1 2 Time seconds Information Time seconds Pressure bar G Pressure bar G za Inlet and Outlet Pressures of Valve PCV190 Inlet and Outlet Pressures of Valve PCV190 Outlet pressure of valve PCY190 Inlet pressure of valve PCY190 e Jegsaunssald 1 2 Time seconds Inlet and Qutlet Pressures of Valve PCVO17 Outlet pressure of val
90. l mod ules due for release in the coming months Dedicated effort has been put into the variable time step algorithm towards modelling the fast component dynamics as well as the model re fining Included in this issue are the regular features together with a description of the forthcoming releases of the Transient and Standard Mod ules the issue of PIPENET and Windows XP patches to all modules as well as the launch of our new web page etc We hope you find it in teresting and informative In this issue PIPENET Modules and Windows XP Patches and Forthcoming Releases of Stan dard Module 3 23 and Transient 5 14 An Introduction to Specifications Case Studies An Obituary for Steve Horn Frequently Asked Questions February 2002 PIPENET Modules and Windows XP Current PIPENET modules are only certified to run on Windows 95 98 ME NT Service Pack 4 and 2000 However all PIPENET modules will run on the Windows XP operating system providing the latest security key drivers are installed These key drivers are included in the latest releases of Standard 3 23 Spray Sprin kler 3 23 and Transient 5 14 Users of earlier releases can update their key driver as follows 1 Ensure that you have Administrator ac cess rights on your computer since in stallation of the key drivers requires ac cess to the System Registry 2 Visit the Sunrise website www sunrise sys com and select Updates When prompt
91. ld like to request our product literature or demo program or if you would like to have a salesperson contact you Click Here for the Information Request Form Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com standard htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 46 Sunrise Systems Limited Soe a on on on on oo on m m m m m An B m m B SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS PIPENET SPRAY SPRINKLER MODULE zi Description zi Key Features m Case Studies zi Information Request Description The PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module is specially developed for the design of fire protection systems in accordance with the NFPA and FOC rules The PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module is ideal for all types of water based systems It can be used to design deluge ringmain sprinkler and foam solution systems for offshore platforms refineries petro chemical and chemical plants Networks in the PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module can be defined from a wide choice of elements pipes nozzles deluge valves pumps fans filters non return valves orifice plates special equipment items specifications and overboard dump valves A network can be defined
92. lic surge analysis This software has been validated by Brown amp Root and is considered appropriate for hydraulic surge analysis A typical engineer ing workstation PC Pentium processor 32MB RAM was used to run the software within the Windows 95 environment This provided the engineer with the benefits of multitasking computer use whilst working with the PIPENET program A nodal model of the water injection system was first sketched out on paper using piping Isometrics as a basis and system compo nents were identified for entry into the PIPENET program input The components included pumps in series piping pipe fittings and valves Pump curve data was entered which was then processed by the software through a curve fitting routine to characterise the curve as a quadratic equation The pump data is entered into a library file which can contain numerous pump curves which may then be referenced by the main program as required This allowed entry of data representing different configurations of pumps which was used in the various scenarios simulated oimilarly pipe diameter and wall thickness data was entered into a pipe library file from which the main program retrieved data as necessary The software also has its own library of pipe fittings data All data input is via user friendly windows The software model required input of basic data such as pipe lengths elevation changes fit tings valve cv s characteristi
93. low for the Caisson data http www sunrise sys com trncase03 htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 55 Sunrise Systems Limited Dh hace EI l bpd hus ene BE ji hp io ai fw Re arth a en Lapis Della dag n Laser IL kryol bel 1 812 Locas Prha bed e in Via Ba Gch fire Ene ted ee Pets n Ty Volar cell cd direi hang E sea RST Ma Eun Click diagram to enlarge Results of the Simulation The results show that the pressure surges caused by the 6 PCV are alarmingly high The surge is reduced when the manual override used because the water pumped up through the caisson can pass straight through the open PCV back into the sea The pressure surge is significantly reduced by using the 10 PCV because the water that has been pumped up through the caisson can pass straight through the open PCV back into the sea The build up of momentum has less effect on the larger valve because this permits a greater flowrate and so this is the recommended choice for the system iE i Click diagram to enlarge Back to Transient Case Studies Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com trncase03 htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 55
94. m thick cement with a C factor of 90 In the scenario that was modelled only PUMPS2 1 operated The pressure produced by the pump was required by as well as the required size of orifice plate at the inlet to FARM 2 PIPENET Spray Module was used to perform calculations for the other outlets in a similar manner but only the analysis for FARM 2 is documented here ILL D ni ee moi peye i wa n ba zl peg BE We emi Click diagram to enlarge Data Entry using the Windows Interface http www sunrise sys com sprcase02 htm 1 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 52 Sunrise Systems Limited The performance coefficients of the pump were unknown so it was necessary to enter coordinates from the performance curve into the Pump Fan dialog box Click diagram to enlarge The pre processor found the coefficients using regression The configuration of pipes was enteredinto the Edit Pipe dialog box where the pipe bore length C factor material and liningwere entered PIPENET Spray Module works with the internal and external pipe diameters but pipes are defined by their nominal bores Click diagram to enlarge Fittings could be included on each pipe such as the Long Radius elbow and the Butterfly Valve on the pipe shown The Initialisation Options dialog box was used to define the fluid properties and specify that the Hazen Williams equation should be used to model pressure drops The NFPA option was also chosen to ensu
95. mp z4 represents the elevation of this point above datum Zp represents the elevation above datum of the surface of the reservoir and Po represents the pressure at the surface of the reservoir Now V4 212g may be taken as a particular pro portion of the head developed by the pump say Oc Hp Then we have Oc Po pg P4 pg Zo 4 hi Hp or oc Pg Pg P4 pg Az he Hp where Az Zo 24 For the prevention of cavitation at the inlet of the pump P4 must be greater than P the va pour pressure of the liquid i e o gt oc where o Polog Py pg Az hg Hp 2 and Oc is the critical value of this parameter at which appreciable cavitation begins The numerator of the expression 2 is the Net Positive Suction Head NPSH In PIPENET the supply reservoir may be con sidered the input node of the pump In this case Dz and h become negligible and the NPSH becomes NPSH Pg eg PJ pg and the cavitation parameter o Poleg P pg Hp In summary the NPSH may be considered to be a safety factor indicating the spare head avail able to the pump above the head at which would cause cavitation The cavitation parameter is an expression of the same but as a proportion the pump head Q2 In the Transient Module why dol need to enter a Suter Curve for a Turbo pump During a transient simulation changing the op erating condition of a pump may result in un steady flow in a hy
96. n initial speach space Calcularicon soccess ful ASnarring Che trams lent i malacion Gace slech ae p n 3203175nt01 Succezxsfwulb complernion ef Che zlbimularicon Acrexoring calceulsrien of a fina steal spare Calcul arlon successful Page 3ofi2 EHE EE The New Schematic Option schematic Capture is a new facility available as an option for the latest Standard and Spray Sprinkler Modules releases A schematic capability for the Transient Mod ule is scheduled for release second quarter of 1999 Schematic capture can be used e As a visualisation tool for existing networks in this case the facility will generate a schematic representation of an existing network i e one entered in the conven tional PIRPENET manner using text entry e As a new and more intuitive means of entering and editing networks Careful attention has been given to the design of this facility to ensure that it is the users who choose the way they use the facility Existing users may choose to continue using text entry for some time and only use the schematic ca pability as a visualisation tool whereas new users may immediately start using the sche ars oa Lie py Lem L Lac gemi db el ca sas Heber pa Ca m Le p matic facility as the normal method of entering and editing networks Until the schematic capability is activated the PIPENET Standard or Spray Sprinkler mod ule will behave in exactly
97. nted by ImageGrafix in booth 3509 at the Abu Dhabi International Exhibition Centre Case Studies Case Study 1 Surge Analysis of a Floating Platform Storage Offshore Seawater System Kvaerner E amp C Australia was commissioned by a Client to investigate operational difficulties that have been experienced on the seawater system of a floating platform storage offshore FPSO These difficulties included water hammer when the system was returned to normal operation after tripping to firewater mode water hammer when the standby seawater lift pump was started and water hammer when the minimum flow control valve closed quickly on instrument air failure The study utilised Pipenet Transient Module to model the events that caused water hammer and then to investigate methods to mitigate the forces generated The major problem identified when the seawater system was returned to normal operation was that the slow tuning required of the seawater return back pressure controller resulted in the valve remaining open for some time after the SW FW isolation valve had closed This allowed the seawater system to drain partially causing vapour pockets to form at high points When the system was re started these vapour pockets collapsed with the consequence that shock waves were generated Any air entrained within the system would cause severe slugging as it was brought back online The modifications com prised a software change to close the bac
98. nuals and on the online Help Many aspects of specifications can however be described with reference to a simple single pipe network Input Qutput In this simple example an initial approach might be to provide equal flow specifications on both the input and output nodes However since the output flow must equal the input flow one of these specifications is not required If we provide two identical flow specifications then there is redun dancy and there is no unique solution to the network If instead we provide two different flow specifications then the specifications would be inconsistent and again there would be no solu tion With one flow specification provided at one node we know the flow at the other node However we do not know the pressure In fact pressures cannot be determined without the specification of a reference pressure So for our simple net work it means that we must provide two specifi cations one of which must be a pressure speci fication These two specifications may be placed on the same node or one on each of the two nodes This can be generalised to larger networks with any number of input and output nodes to the simple statement that The mmber of specifications must be equal to the total number of input and output nodes and at least one of the specifications tust be a pressure Disjoint Networks A network is considered disjoint if it is in two or more unconnected parts or sub networks
99. oad Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com support htm 18 06 02 10 09 40 Sunrise Systems Limited PIPENET an HH LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS iummmumumuEm e CONTACT DETAILS SUNRISE US Office E Telephone 281 491 7476 ve Fax 281 491 7473 ibd Email pipenet sunrise sys com Services Address Sunrise Systems Inc EAE NERE 4771 Sweetwater Blvd PM Box 196 Newsletters Sugar Land Info Request TX 77479 Support FAQs ms m U d fa m I RE UK Office A ez Contact Details t H P he o Telephone 44 0 1223 441311 Links Fax 44 0 1223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com Address Sunrise Systems Ltd Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Cambridge CB5 9QZ UK Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com contact htm 18 06 02 10 10 02 Sunrise Systems PIPENET fluid flow software Standard Spray Sprinkler and Transient Modules Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld a NAAN SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS WELCOME TO SUNRISE SYSTEMS LIMITED Sunrise Systems is a hi t
100. oblem for our next issue We are also in the process of incorporating a schematic drawing capability into the existing Standard Spray Sprinkler and Transient modules This facility will enable users to create new networks or edit existing networks in a more visually interactive fashion Careful attention has been given to the design and representation of the schematic and its integration with the existing modules as shown below This is to ensure that users will quickly become familiar with its operation and begin to use it as the preferred means of defining networks All the existing component dialogs and interactions will be retained except that now it will be possible to view the characteristics of say a pump by simply clicking on the component s representation in the schematic More details will be described in the next issue For this newsletter to cater for your needs we welcome some feedback from our readers We would also welcome any suggestions on articles you would like to see featured in our future issues For all correspondence please use the address shown below Spray PIPENET 2 02 File Init Library Pump Fan View Calc Window 41 sa visa fl Schematic Capture _ Status Ejoj x Windows PIPENET V 2 02 d stat SAD By Exploing Deb SchemApp Mi tit Standard PIPE S Paint Shop Pro F Spray PIPE 13 08 SUNRISE SYSTEMS LIMITED FLINT BRIDGE BUSINESS CENTRE ELY ROAD WATERBEACH C
101. ociated with such a shock wave can be quite substantial and can damage the pipe or its support The Compressible Flow Pipe has been designed for the analysis of such a situation The pipe can have bends and the forces on these can be computed Of particular interest are forces on double 90 bends Magnitude of force A 150 100 Force N ewtons 0 00 0 06 0 13 0 19 0 26 Time seconds Results for the gas density are also available to the User Density along pipe at 0 16 seconds on t DENSITY kg cu m F H 25 50 75 100 Distance along pipe metres In summary the Compressible Flow Pipe Computes an analytical solution of the first path of a shock wave Must be connected to pressure specification at both ends Must have a specified inlet pressure greater than the specified outlet pressure The simulation automatically stops when the shock wave reaches the outlet Improved Valve Models Inertial Check Valve The Inertial Check Valve has been modified to include parameterised damping The valve torque equation now includes a new term k where W is the angular velocity of the valve door k is the damping coefficient n is the damping exponent The new valve dialog is shown below Inertial Check Yalye Valve Label E Input Hode 2 Output Mode 4 Valve Characteristics Physical Properties of Valve Mass of Valve Door kg fi 0 Radius of Valve Door m o4 Spr
102. of a PID controller A transfer function in a control loop can model the dynamics of the sensor and the controlled device Water Hammer Steam Hammer and Surge Analysis Meet mandatory requirements as PIPENET results are acceptable to regulatory authorities http www sunrise sys com transient htm 2 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 48 Sunrise Systems Limited Case Studies The following case studies describe typical real life applications of PIPENET Transient Module Simply click on the example of interest for a detailed description Case Study 1 Surge Analysis in a Firewater Ringmain Case Study 2 High Pressure Steam Utility in a Power Station Case Study 3 Pump Priming in an Offshore Firewater Ringmain Information Request lf you would like to request our product literature or demo program or if you would like to have a salesperson contact you Click Here for the Information Request Form Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com transient htm 3 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 48 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld soc SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS CASE STUDY 1 Analysis of a Re
103. ow specifications had been provided at node 1 only it would have been possible to derive the pressure and flow at node 2 This sub network is therefore over specified In this case the specifications given at node 1 do not contradict those at node 3 The pressure calculated at node 2 would have been the same whether the specifications at node 1 or node 3 had been used to derive it However the attributes of pipe 1 or pipe 2 could now be amended so that the network and specificaations in this area are no longer consistent Such a combination of pipe data is shown below This area of the network is now over specified PIPENET will be unable the determine the pressure at node 2 B De m um pe jam gk Desk biro olaja a id et PO ein DTE o en r r mn Sea ar FER AE li ioe spam Aaii Loraj pal pase Mes i a i mi im Ha Fie To solve the problem a specification must be removed from node 1 or 3 and a specification must be placed on node 5 or 6 as shown below E AE Too ti rim FEE E gt i E Al alH Pee ee en alel y M e 8 86 03 0 10 pis e 70 Ze A i a 100 03 0 10 Qu q me E MI E Ee ea Fh d TLAN FEER EE IHE y eias ES Si sis Te Is afe RREN M il d Baci ET Fes I c a Lg GASTI i ix e iA i T Ir di Lin t T m m m r Ri arai m4 m A mai m4 a Q2 After installing the PIPENET module and inserting the security key get an error mes sage stating that the se
104. owing the release of Standard 3 20 two patch releases were made available on our website 3 21 and 3 22 Note that patches to upgrade to versions as provided on CD ROM are not provided Thus for example a customer wishing to up grade from version 3 22 of Standard to version 3 23 must have or purchased a MUS agree meni The procedure for obtaining patches is as fol lows 1 Visit the Sunrise website www sunrise sys com and select the Updates button When prompted for a user name and password enter both in lower case User name Password pipenet pembroke 2 Locate the latest patch for the PIPENET module you wish to update and download the appropriate file The details for each patch include the ver sion of the module to which the patch applies and details of any significant changes introduced by the patch 3 Install the patch by following the instruc tions provided on the Updates page Generally this involves little more than placing the downloaded executable file in a specified PIPENET girectory and then executing the file usually by double clicking on the file in Windows Explorer Standard and Spray Sprinkler Modules Version 3 23 The latest versions of the Standard and Spray Sprinkler modules will shortly be made available These releases incorporate all the changes made in the patch releases 3 21 and 3 22 together with a number of other minor corrections New fea tures include A hydraulic
105. partment of Trade and Industry Sun rise was able to demonstrate its products along side those of ImageGrafix COADE and Cadcentre Ltd This was the first time the four major players in fluid flow analysis software so lutions for the oil and gas industry Pipe Stress Analysis and Plant Design Management had joined together to demonstrate the inter oper ability of their products Next Issue For the next issue contributions are welcome from users in particular we would be very in terested to receive another case study for in clusion SUNRISE SYSTEMS LIMITED FLINT BRIDGE BUSINESS CENTRE ELY ROAD WATERBEACH CAMBRIDGE CB5 9QZ UK TELEPHONE 01223 441311 INT 44 1223 441311 FAX 01223 441297 INT 44 1223 441297 EMAIL pipenet sunrise sys com WEB SITE www sunrise sys com PIPENET Transient Module Mk Y Ver 4 02 Untitled File Init Libraries View Check Calculation Output Window DG elelee B e rj e s amp s 9 x ope S ajizjn saj LA E Regulator Valves PIPENET Graph Viewer 3_0 regu_res File Edit Graph Change Window welt es he S ze Setting of regulator valve 1 Setting of reg x ontro ressure Cv Flow Coefficient lit minZ bar 1 2 Valve head area mn Spring Stiffness Newtons m Maximum Valve Displacement m ownstream Pressure E ze Inlet pressure of regulator Worse Information Fressuresbar gt
106. ra tion where the flow conditions i e head flowrate speed and torque are non dimensional and expressed as percentages of the rated val ues values at the point of best efficiency A de tailed description of the Suter transforms may be found in the Transient Module Technical Manual Chapter 1 page 18 The figure shows typical Suter curves for a Ra dial Pump The regions referred to in the figure are termed as Zones and Quadrants Each quadrant is of length 7 2 and the zones lying therein are split at zero head flowrate and torque flowrate values There are eight possible zones of pump operation four occur during nor mal operation and four are abnormal zones During a transient event a pump may enter most If not all regions in the figure depending on the appropriate circumstances Normal Quadrant x 31 2 Zone D represents the region of normal operation of a pump All four quantities head H flowrate Q pump speed N and applied torque T are defined as positive The head is defined to be the differ ence between the outlet and inlet values The flowrate is defined to be positive if the fluid passes from the inlet to outlet The pump rota tional speed is defined positive in the clockwise direction as depicted and the applied torque is the difference between the motor torque applied by the pump and the fluid torque imparted on it In this case the flowrate is positive indicating useful application of energy A mach
107. raise a proposed solution to a problem Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Links Problem Surge Analysis in Firewater Ringmain One of the things the engineers wished to investigate was related to the surges that were expected to occur in a firewater ringmain when the monitor valves were closed Two scenarios were simulated In both scenarios the overboard dump valve and deluge valve remained closed and the fire pump operated at full soeed throughout supplying the helideck with water through the firewater foam monitors which were initially fully open In the first case the monitors closed linearly over 1 second the first between 3s and 4s and the second between 13s and 14s In the second case the monitors closed linearly over 3 seconds in an attempt to reduce the surge created by their closure the first between 1s and 4s and the second between 11s and 14s Fig 1 The network schematic Click diagram to enlarge The Windows format facilitates data entry by using dialog boxes The valve closure schedule is changed in the http www sunrise sys com trncase01 htm 1 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 53 Sunrise Systems Limited Specifications dialog box below This is a simple procedure which makes the testing of different valve schedules quick and simple to perform Fig 2 The Specification dialog box Click diagram to enlarge The data specifying the fluid properties is entered into the Fluid dialog box below Another
108. re that the NFPA rules for fittings friction losses were satisfied in the solutions generated by PIPENET Spray Module The default values held by PIPENET for the density and viscosity of water were chosen Click diagram to enlarge The Network Specification dialog box was used to enter http www sunrise sys com sprcase02 htm 2 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 52 Sunrise Systems Limited network information such as flowrates out of nodes In the case for FARM 2 shown the section being supplied by the pump in this simulation the flowrate was set to 5364 litres min and the pressure was set as 3 52 bar gauge ipia T red D Frera cE nar ceri Cee Case Foe yr i rr LER aa Pisce Es Gl s las 5 ac cm Click diagram to enlarge Results of the Simulation The Output Browser stated that in order to produce a pressure of 3 52 bar gauge at the node FARM 2 with a flowrate of 5364 litres min a pressure of 5 752 bar gauge was required at PUMPS2 1 outlet When the pump was added a pressure of 8 542 bar gauge was produced at the node FARM 2 In order to reduce this pressure to the required pressure of 3 52 bar gauge an orifice plate was added to the pipe FARM 2 This was done using the Orifice Plate option from the View menu in Windows The pressure drop required across the orifice plate was 8 542 3 52 5 022 bar This formed part of the data for the orifice plate Given
109. rly dependent In PIPENET the linear dependence of equations is checked after a calculation is attempted and not when the Check button or Check menu option is selected Hence a network may pass the Check phase successfully but fail the calculation phase Consider the simplified example presented below This network appears to satisfy the specification requirements There are four ionodes 1 3 5 and 6 and the same number of flowrate and pressure specifications lonodes 1 and 3 have flow and pressure specifications whereas ionodes 5 and 6 are left unset When a check is performed the check status indicates that pipes and nodes have been specified adequately However the calculation fails The network is under specified in one area and over specified in another Schematic Capture Mew Cat Schematic Window kk Standard PIPENET Y 3 22 Schematic Capture JENE AE RO Gi CLR eei MA mus 000 000 EE oela elalem aall sez si v vm amp Click diagram to enlarge Consider the area of the network defined by nodes 4 5 and 6 lt is not possible for the model to determine the distribution of http www sunrise sys com faq06 htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 41 Sunrise Systems Limited flow into pipes 4 and 5 at node 4 This sub network is therefore under specified Now consider the area of the network defined by nodes 1 2 and 3 Four pressure and flow specifications are provided at nodes
110. roject contracted to a leading company One of the most important considerations of the project was the Pump Priming during routine weekly testing Problem Surge Analysis in Offshore Fire Pump Priming The situation under consideration is the weekly testing of the fire pump which supplies a firewater ringmain on an offshore platform A stilling tube surrounds the pump and protects it from pressure changes occurring in the sea The caisson is initially full of air and the valve to the firewater ringmain remains closed throughout When the fire pump is started up water rises up the caisson and expels the air from the system Lacan uw Click diagram to enlarge When all of the air has been expelled from the caisson and the air release valve closes all the water will have to escape through the Pressure Control Valve PCV back to the sea While the air in the caisson is being expelled the pump faces little resistance and so the momentum of the water is high Thus care must be taken in the design of the overboard dump valve system to ensure that high pressure surges do not occur when the high momentum water hits it Simulations modelled PCVs of diameters 6 and 10 with an optional override facility The intention was that the latter would keep the PCV fully open while the pumps started up in order to reduce the anticipated pressure surge The Windows format facilitates data entry by using dialog boxes such as those shown be
111. rops by the differ ence between the Set Pressure and the Clos ing Pressure As a result the valve will be fully closed once the inlet pressure drops to the Closing Pressure This hysteresis is shown below Compatibility with previous versions of PIPENET Transient Module is ensured by a default setting that corresponds to no hyster esis Transient Module Schematic Option The schematic feature introduced in the Standard and Spray Sprinkler modules earlier this year see issue 2 of this Newsletter is now available in Transient Module Version 5 00 This new release incorporates all of the schematic features found in the Standard and Spray sprinkler modules including the new features introduced with Version 3 10 of these modules The schematic facility also incorporates a number of facilities specific to Transient Module for example those relating to Transient control loops and the display of graphical results The same philosophy has been adopted in the provision of a schematic capability for Transient in that networks can be entered and edited via the schematic window or as before using text entry This means that on activating the Transient module it will appear and behave exactly as it did in earlier versions It is only on opening the schematic window that the power of this new facility becomes apparent File Init Libranes View Check Calculation Schematic Output Window Help amp x ale iz ACATA PP M nn 2 x
112. s Services General Category Latest News amp Newsletters Q 1 Having used blocked pipes in a network l get the following error messages Error in Equation n or This Info Request network cannot be solved k Support FAQs Q 2 What does it mean if get a node height error when Upgrades perform a check or a calculation And what can do about it i Contact Details Q 3 How can simplify the use of the schematic with large Home Page networks b Links Q 4 Why does the calculation for my network fail to converge or why is the solution not what expected Q 5 Why when I select the Help option is no help displayed Q 6 set the required number of specifications in accordance with the specification rules in the manual A check on the status of the network suggests that all components are adequately specified However when perform a calculation it fails with the error This network cannot be solved Please check your network or specifications Q 7 After installing the PIRENET module and inserting the security key get an error message stating that the security key is not present Q 8 How can model a leak using PIPENET M Q 9 How can model blocked pipes in PIPENET M Q 10 What are NPSH and Cavitation Parameter and where can find out more Q 11 In the Transient Module why do need to enter a Suter Curve for a turbo pump Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely R
113. s Fittings Multiple fittings can be inserted on a pipe and it is not necessary to treat them as separate entities They are simply defined as attributes of a pipe Schematic Capture Facility A network can be defined using schematic and results can be displayed on the schematic A properties window can also be displayed to the right of the schematic to display the properties of a component and any associated results On line help gives more details on the features of PIPENET Pipe sizing A powerful feature of PIPENET M The user can leave some or all pipe sizes unset and PIPENET will automatically suggest appropriate pipe sizes based on the pipe schedule being used in the network Orifice plates Restriction orifice plates can be modelled in compliance with Crane Heriot watt and BS1042 taking into account downstream pressure recovery Given the pressure drop the orifice diameter is determined and vice versa Remote nozzle calculation Calculations can match the minimum flow rate required at the nozzle that is hydraulically most remote Nozzles can also be switched on or off Materials take off Materials take off tables can also be produced for weight and cost estimation purposes Units Instant conversion of input data to different units This can be Metric SI British American or User defined Deluge valves This may be of conventional clack shut type or constant flow type Monitors and hydrants may be attach
114. s is now generated by default whenever output graphs are selected The default output timestep for the graph data file res has been made application dependent e PID Controllers and Transfer Functions are now automatically set to the correct type depending on the component that they are connected to When adding a Specification to an Info Node the default type is now Information This only applies if the components are added using the schematic display When printing the schematic display the print dialog now includes the option to print to fit a page A facility has been added to the options toolbar to provide a default tag to be used for the creation of new components The Area Tool will now move both nodes and waypoints and will retain the snap to grid option Nodes and waypoints that were on a grid point prior to the move will still be on a grid point after the move Most component related limits have been increased The new set Is listed below Component Old New Limit Limit pipes 300 1000 short pipes 300 1000 single compressible flow 1 1 pipes valves 40 100 specifications 100 200 pumps 40 100 turbo pumps 40 100 pump failures 40 100 non return valves 40 100 check valves 40 100 fluid damped check 40 100 valves liquid surge relief valves 40 100 regulator valves 40 100 inertial check valves 40 100 caissons 40 100 accumulators 40 100 surge tanks 40 100 simple tanks 40 100 vacuum breaker valves 40 1
115. stems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WATY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 11 In the Transient Module why do need to enter a Suter Curve for a turbo pump Answer During a transient simulation changing the operating condition of a pump may result in unsteady flow in a hydraulic system This may be during normal start up normal shutdown or sudden loss of power to the pump Immediately after a pump start up the hydraulic system mosily experiences a local pressure rise and immediately after a shutdown and power loss there is depressurisation If pressures fall below vapour pressure they may cause a growth and subsequently collapse of vapour cavities leading to a transient event In the Transient Module there are two types of pumps that may be used to simulate such a pump a Simple Pump or a Turbo Pump In circumstances where it is important to analyse unsteady flow caused by a pump it is important to simulate the pump by a Turbo pump When such analysis is not as crucial a Simple Pump is sufficient for the simulation and in most cases is perfectly adequate During a transient a pump may experience a reversal in flow through the pump or a change in its rotational speed or both Furthermore it may also experien
116. system The system im ports oil from three tanks in a tank farm and de livers to two delivery points using two parallel pipelines The oil is pumped by one pumping station consisting of four pumps connected in the form of two parallel sets The parallel pipes have an interconnecting pipe approximately half way along We model the case in which both pipelines rup ture approximately in the same location The leak fully develops in 10 secs The following scenarios are considered In the first scenario we assume that a leak detection system has been installed which sends a signal to shut down the pumps within 5 sec of the leak developing The pumps themselves take 60 sec to spin down Graph 2 1 In the second scenario we consider the case where a leak detection system has not been installed The pumps continue to operate normally even after the leak occurs Graph 2 2 In both the scenarios there is a rush of oil when the leak occurs However in the case where a leak detection system has been installed the flow rapidly goes down to almost zero There is Graph 2 1 Onshore Oil Pipeline Pipe Rupture Pur 5 pied Fieerate fuosgh ka ak Pump Speed JU ILLUS ges y nou aye 72 LH FILI z zen Tire seconds Graph 2 2 Onshore Oll Pipeline Pipe Rupture Flowrate thraugh each gumgp icu miller Ju TISE ES Yori SJE Tithe saconds a small remaining flowrate because of the static head caused by the
117. t case is to determine the relationship between the valve closure time and the maximum pressure with the view of de termining the optimum valve closure time This calculation is particularly important where the integrity demand on the pipeline progressively increases due to weakening by corrosion the need to transfer greater quantities of oil and an increase in the amount of produced water By selecting an optimum valve closure time which is inevitably a compromise between the emer gency shutdown requirement and pipeline integ rity constraints due to corrosion the inspection frequency as calculated by Risk Based Inspec tion and the time to repair the line can also be optimised The inspection date for the pipeline is a function of the remnant life of the pipeline which is calculated as the date when the tran sient pressure containment ability Maximum Al lowable Surge Pressure of the pipeline equals the maximum pressure surge in the pipeline The objective in the second case is to minimise the environmental effect and the waste caused in the event of a subsea pipeline rupture This is part of conducting a risk analysis in order to ensure that the risk in acceptable During a leak every second counts and quick response by a leak detection system is critical for improved safety especially for lines handling H S contain ing fluids For the purpose of comparison it was assumed that it would take 15 minutes to detect a leak manually
118. t dirty and also general flow and pressure distributions within the facility The model can readily be used to fine tune system performance and increase optimise system efficiency The project has been carried out as a team effort between AWE and Electrowatt Ekono whereby a degree of technology transfer has been supplied to enable AWE staff to develop in house skills thereby ensuring a degree of self determination to support future requirements The PIPENET Standard Module by Sunrise systems has been utilised for this work and all models developed are to be maintained to No Results BLOG 1558 represent current plant conditions faithfully The ventilation models will become a living simulation tool into which plant upgrades operational changes and features associated with plant decommissioning will be incorporated This article was written by Mr S V Worth Electrowatt Ekono UK Ltd and has been reproduced with the kind permission of Mr S Hingston AWE Electrowatt Ekono UK Ltd is a leading independent engineering consultancy which has been supporting the nuclear industry for many years Such support includes safety analysis and documentation waste management appraisals decommissioning planning strategy development and review of documentation and proposals More recently expertise has been devel oped in respect of assessment of performance and up grade requirements for ventilation and containment sys
119. t the driv ers are not installed then it is almost certainly due to one of the checks above failing Q3 How can model a leak using PIPENET This option is only available in the PIPENET Standard Module and can only be used when the fluid is agas The modelling equation states that the pressure drop across a leak is depend ent on the flow rate through the leak and on the area of the leak The area of the leak is the cross sectional area through which the fluid is leaking A typical example is a leaky door in a ventilation system Q4 How can I model blocked pipes in PIPENET In PIPENET a pipe can be modelled as normal blocked or broken By default all pipes are normal but users have the facility to simulate a pipe as being broken or blocked This is a very useful and powerful feature of PIPENET but users must be aware that this may lead to two separate disjoint networks that may become insoluble as a result If this happens then the program will give the error message This network cannot be solved Please check your network or specifications Standard PIPENET V 3 20 File Init Library Pump Fan View Calc Schematic Window Help Diss Ai AlA 2 m r es z7 oE si Yi gt ele 2 l fx F slAl gt 4 9J TLz 5 m a a wNo TAG i Schematic Capture jStatus B5 Windows PIPENET V 3 20 No Results Consider the simple network above We have four ionodes 1 3 5 and 6 Nodes 1 and 3 are input nodes
120. tails see Latest News Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com 2001 Sunrise Systems Limited All rights reserved http www sunrise sys com index htm 18 06 02 10 10 03 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld a FI T j SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAT IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS RELATED LINKS The products of Sunrise Systems interface with a number of software packages from other vendors to provide a complete solution to our clients Here we provide links to some of the vendors of software packages that our client base have found useful If you would like to suggest a link to add to this page please Contact Us Hyprotech Chemstations COADE Hyprotech is a leading supplier of modeling and simulation software and services to the continuous and batch processing industries including air separation chemical gas processing petrochemical pharmaceutical refining and upstream Hyprotech modeling and simulation solutions significantly improve engineering productivity efficiency and creativity Chemstations a leader in process simulation software has been developing and delivering powerful solutions to the process
121. tems as operational and regulatory requirements change A key feature of the work carried out by Electrowatt Ekono is the importance attached to Site Licensing and Safety Justification as designs and pro posals are formulated thereby ensuring that poten tial difficulties emanating from the necessary approv als procedures are minimised or eliminated Electrowatt Ekono has a full working knowledge of the requirements of AECP 1054 Ventilation of Radioac tive Areas and AECP 59 Shielded and Ventilated Glove Boxes for hands on operation Frequently Asked Questions Q1 I set the required number of specifications in accordance with the specification rules in the manual A check on the status of the network suggests that all components are adequately specified However when perform a calculation it fails with the error This network cannot be solved Please check your network or specifications The specification rules state that the total number of pressure and flowrate specifications must equal the number of ionodes in the system However although the overall network may appear to obey this rule discrete areas of a network may be over specified or under specified Such areas will cause a calculation to fail When performing a calculation PIPENET assembles a series of simultaneous equations that it must solve to find flows and pressures throughout the network In order for this method to succeed PIPENET must be able to create
122. the introduction of a schematic facility This is described in more detail later on in this newsletter The new release includes a number of other new features As well as the features described in this section Transient Module Version 5 00 in cludes the following enhancements e 32 built in pipe schedules ANSI JIS and DIN in STAND option Number of tags increased to 250 More detailed output information on component state switches e Online Help facility introduced Graphical Display of Pump Valve and Specification Curves A new graphical display of pump valve and specification curves is a major enhancement in the new release This provides a better visual display of the data being entered An example of a C characteristic curve for a valve is shown below Yalves Flow Coefficient Cv Description EMANE Aii Graph Properties Valve Characteristic Data svalue inset 300000 Cv value unset 250000 dCv ds unset Delete S Qv dCv ds 200000 150000 1964 67 0 2 22535 9 1057 45 0 4 69341 1 1057 45 0 6 157174 404 491 0 8 237494 1057 45 1 276209 1964 67 100000 N po 2 in a o S gt gt oO 50000 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 Estimate gradients Smooth Valve Setting The pump library coefficients unknown graph shows the profile data points along with the fit ted quadratic pump curve Pump types Coefficients Unknown Descr
123. the pipe network contains one or more loops A check is made on each loop to confirm that the sum of the elevation changes is zero plus or minus the default height check tolerance If not a node height error will be reported The default setting for the height check tolerance is 0 5m In most situations this setting is adequate however sometimes it is necessary to increase the tolerance by selecting Calc Spec for Calculation in otandard and Spray Sprinkler Modules Calculation Controls in Transient Module Increasing this will usually solve the problem if not height elevation changes must be checked Q3 How can I simplify the use of the schematic with large networks Remember that two or more schematic windows can be open at the same time These may be displaying different regions of the network and can be at different scaling factors see below oee the on line help for further details Spray PIPENET V 3 10 PLATFORM EXAMPLE File Init Libi Li iba Pump Fan View Cale Cale Schematic Window Help Diss gazem si v ii f aj ala aji lt gt 8 AB Schi i ure 1 chematic Capture 344276 Windows PIPENET V 3 10 Q4 Why does the calculation for my network fail to converge or why is the solution not what I expected In complex networks the calculation may fail to converge in the default number of iterations 50 Increasing the number of iterations try 250
124. the same manner as it did prior to Release 3 00 Specifically networks are entered and edited in the usual manner and all dat data files remain unchanged Once you activate the schematic however all of this changes If a dat file is already open activating the sche matic will immediately open a window with a schematic representation of the network Below we see the result of activating the sche matic with the Steam Network example supplied with the Standard Module The schematic will use its best efforts to arrive at a representation of the network but further editing may be required Using the mouse and the keyboard nodes can be moved pipes resized text annotation added and much more HE FeAl Y L Lamah l i al a am Hirak ime lm pad a The diagram above shows just a few of the pos sibilities e Node labels and component directions are displayed e The crossing pipe in the original diagram has been removed simply by selecting a node and dragging it to a new position e The schematic has been zoomed to fit the available window Two pipe runs have been edited by insert ing intermediate points the two outputs Sj ie pu pam apm Cm obo irem ni Hej g e 2 Sik exe nen E from node OLD 11 in the lower part of the diagram These intermediate points can also be moved just like the Pipenet nodes Text annotation has been used to provide a title for the schematic To assist in the
125. this pressure drop PIPENET M Spray Module sized the orifice and reported in the Output Browser that it should have a diameter of 69 3567mm Back to Spray Sprinkler Case Studies Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com sprcase02 htm 3 of 3 18 06 02 10 10 52 Sunrise Systems Limited PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS a T j CASE STUDY 1 SUNRISE Analysis of an Offshore Firewater Ringmain Problem Using Transient Module piscis PIPENET Transient Module has been used with Services outstanding success for an Offshore Firewater Ringmain lef p project contracted to a leading company One of the most important considerations of the project was an analysis of the pressure surge resulting from closure of the monitor valves I nfo Request PIPENET Transient Module had a unique role in this Support FAQs project Newsletters Upgrades When solving problems the engineer often wishes to Contact Details experiment with different variables such as valve and pump Home Page operating schedules PIPENET Transient Module is specially designed to facilitate this basic network information need only be specified once and may be modified quickly and easily for subsequent simulations The following example illustrates how quickly one can app
126. ticle was written by Mr S B Horn and has been reproduced with the kind permission of Aker Maritime Pip Input Output Nom Bore Inlet Pr Outlet Pr Drop in Pr Frict Loss Flowrate Velocity Label Node Node milli m bar bar amp bar bar lit min m sec J l 1 i 400 00 4 415 4 367 4 7385E 02 4 7385E 02 3 0954E 04 4 23 i 13 i 400 00 4 206 4 367 6 0700E 02 6 0700E 02 2 0954E 04 4 226 3 i2 25 400 00 4 269 4 269 5 2500E 04 5 2500E 04 4671E 04 23 37 4 39 46 400 00 4 240 4 239 1 4000E 02 1 4000E 02 d67TIE 04 23 27 5 49 55 400 00 4 214 4 214 5 4026E 04 5 4025E 04 4671E 04 2 37 6 61 b 400 00 4 193 4 169 2 9401E 02 23 9401E 03 1 9249E 04 2 635 lii l s 400 00 4 601 4 568 1 2795E 02 1 2735E 02 8223E 04 3 664 32 107 400 00 4 647 4 646 7 525E 04 7 8535E 04 f 8223E 04 2 864 3 ipi i 0 200 00 4 560 4 592 1 3030E 02 1 3090E 02 179 0 8959 10 70 0 400 00 4 607 4 610 3 1600E 03 3 9661E 05 Z 1047E 04 2 681 1l 611 616 200 00 3 794 2 849 0 9448 0 1970 7151 3 390 l 653 655 150 00 3 194 3 094 0 1006 90 0000 0 0000 90 0000 13 13 14 14 15 s l6 135 1 bib 1 629 19 19 zo zo il il t 677 i3 biz 4 642 i5 57 35 35 36 36 Page 7 of 26 4 1442 43 1442 43 231529 2315 29 1815 80 1815 80 1815 80 383743 3837 43 3837 43 3837 43 3837 43 2567 67 2567 67 2567 67 2567 67 1832 10 1832 10 1832 10 1832 10 1832 10 ci Status ani x Windows PIPENET V 3 11 1442 43 2315 29 181
127. tions A network can be defined using either schematic or text input However a text input network can also be displayed using the schematic On line help is also available for more information on the features of PIPENET PIPENET has built in data of fittings Crane gases water properties steam IFC67 Standard and pipe schedules ANSI JIS and DIN Users can also create their own pump pipe schedule control valve fittings and fluids data libraries that can be used in any network The properties of the fluid can either be constant or variable Key Features Fittings Multiple fittings can be inserted on a pipe and it is not necessary to treat them as separate entities They are simply defined as attributes of a pipe Schematic Capture Facility A network can be defined using schematic and results can be displayed on the schematic A properties window can also be displayed to the right of the schematic to display the properties of a component and any associated results On line help gives more details on the features of PIPENET M Pump Fan These can be connected in series or parallel at any point in the network A pump fan pre processor can be http www sunrise sys com standard htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 10 46 Sunrise Systems Limited used to create libraries of performance characteristics A graphical representation is also available for the pump data Pipe sizing and blocked and broken pipes Having defined
128. to the system This would sometimes give rise to a calculation failure and the generation of an unable to find consistent state for the system error message in the output report A as IET UIT Pia chi Gerh Help CRLCULATION PHSSE Unable to find a cenaistent state for the system Unable ta find a dsnaiitent state for che ayiten Unshle to find amp ceneistant akete for the system Unable t find eengietenl atate for the ayati linshle to find 4 ceneistent atete for the mysten Unable ta find tsnaiitent state for the ayati n In the past it was necessary to work around this problem by defining a smaller timestep for the calculation thus enabling the calculator to re solve the system behaviour when a state switch occurs In the new algorithm the program is able to re solve the system behaviour of the state switch automatically In the example above which failed in the older version the calculation suc ceeds in the new version and the output report gives details of the state switch see below The new calculator was put through the usual comprehensive test procedures These included validation of results with an in house suite of examples as well as specific customer and Sunrise generated examples designed to focus on particular aspects of the calculation dcadh Lll ls LALCLS conmalelons mich d psendocorans lene zimulacion Feendo cranes lant i6nmulaclon comp ened 4CGENOG ing calculation of a
129. ually model its formation and collapse A wide choice of functions are available for setting up boundary conditions constant sine wave damped sine wave profile linear step or Cubic power ramp exponential and asymmetric pulse Graphical Forces and Tabular output PIPENET Transient Module yields graphical and tabulated results of flowrates pressures and hydraulic transient forces as well as information related to network components such as the settings of valves and the heights of fluids in accumulators The graphs can also be viewed as movies in real time Hydraulic transient forces can be output to a separate file which can then be used by pipe stress analysis programs for further processing if required Initial Conditions The PIPENET Transient Module can find its own initial and final steady states or use initial values supplied by the user Pumps The pressure increase provided by a simple pump depends on its speed and performance curve The speed can be specified directly or by a signal from the control loop The turbo pump can additionally handle the spin down due to pump failure A graphical representation is also available for the pump data Control Systems This allows components such as pumps or valves to react to changes in pressure or flowrate in some part of the network A sensor measures an instantaneous reading for pressure or flowrate which is converted to a signal for the controlled device by means
130. um effectiveness e Solving practical examples Training courses can be held at Sunrise Systems or at the customer premises and can be tailored to meet individual needs Support All PIPENET products are fully backed up by our engineers and the customer support team Hot line support in the use of PIPENET is available either direct from Sunrise Systems or from our authorised distributors If you need help with any aspect of PIPENET M please do get in touch with us You can contact us by Telephone 44 0 1223 441311 Fax 44 0 1223 441297 Email support sunrise sys com Sunrise Systems Limited http www sunrise sys com services htm 1 of 2 18 06 02 10 09 37 Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com services htm 2 of 2 18 06 02 10 09 37 Sunrise Systems Limited Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld Ld immmmmmmummummEHm SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAT IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS LATEST NEWS This is where we announce latest PIPENET news and releases Latest PIPENET Releases As a reminder All PIPENET Modules are fully 32 bit Windows 95 98 NT applications If you have changed to Windows 95 98 or NT rec
131. ve Inlet pressure of valve c Jegsaunssald Time seconds PIPENET Graph Viewer V4 4 line Due to leakage past the pump discharge check valve it was possible to draw a vacuum between the check valves when the pump was idle It was therefore proposed to remove one of the latter valves and to drill a small hole into the remaining second check valve The simulations showed that this ensured that the discharge line would remain primed between standby pump operations Instrument air failure was simulated to investi gate the maximum closure rate for the minimum flow control valve that would not cause waterhammer Key findings of the study were the offline seawater system must be fully primed before opening the main isolation valve the standby pump discharge must be fully primed at all times to prevent starting into a dry riser all main control valves must have relatively slow closure times defined by their actuator so that they cannot cause waterhammer on instrument air failure This article was written by Mr A Jamieson and has been reproduced with the kind permission of Kvaerner E amp C Australia Case Study 2 Modelling of Ventilation Systems on a Nuclear Facility Electrowatt Ekono in collaboration with AWE Aldermaston have successfully developed ventilation system models for various process plant facilities on the AWE site The work supports existing plant operations and will assist with design and inst
132. ve Technical Manual provided with the B Oveniew u 2 Fluid Equations Description Transient Module E Wave Speed 22 Pipes l Operating Valves are general purpose valves whose setting is specified by E the User as an information node specification i E Simple Pump This includes material from Marin Appearance 2 Valves both the User and Technical a Operating Valve EBEN Check Catculoion Output Window M h t 2 Non return Valve f S n rl i 2 Check Valve Creare Sues see g 2 Fluid Damped Check Valve A 2 Liquid Surge Relief Valve 3 Regulator Valve Yacuum Breakers Check Bl Inertial Check Valve Caissons Eluid Damped Check 2 Accumulator Control Systems Liquid Surge Relief 2 Surge Tank Specifivatians Beguietor 2 Simple Tank Quiput Tebles Inertial Check Valve 2 Vacuum Breaker Farces 2 Caissons So BIO ee Ranlirata Case Study Aker Maritime AOGT successfully develop the Gullfaks C fire fighting system models for steady state and transient analysis using PIPENET Spray Sprinkler Module Aker Maritime are undertaking the GCM Modifi cations for Gullfaks C as part of the GFSAT Sat ellite Phase II development project The tie in of GFSAT phase 2 incorporates a well stream transfer from GFS Brent subsea template to GFC through a total of three new pipelines two production and one test line These pipelines are pulled through existing J tubes on GFC The two new subsea templates
133. ve been gaining attention as a basis for making decisions on inspection and integrity maintenance Considerable cost savings can be realised when utilising Risk Based Inspec tion RBI For example RBI techniques gener ally yield longer inspection intervals compared to time based inspections and are effective in prioritising inspections and can also provide the confidence to safely postpone subsea rehabili tation activities For example the water content of ZADCO main oil line is expected to increase in the future This brings with it the risk of significantly increased pressure surges due to increased water cut even though the valve closure time may remain con stant The use of state of the art techniques developed by ZADCO is invaluable in optimising and planning costly subsea rehabilitation activi ties and in quantifying and justifying the benefit of installing a leak detection system in support of improved pipeline operation The total bill for deferred production and repair caused by subsea pipeline failure can be mea sured in hundreds of millions of dollars Given that the cost of pipeline failure is of such magni tude then the use of dynamic modelling should be advocated as an enabling technique for achieving requisite performance This paper gives an introduction to the role played by PIPENET software in this application to en able better pipeline integrity and risk manage ment SUBSEA PIPELINE MODELLING A pip
134. ve this problem If the solution is not what was expected then increase the accuracy by changing the convergence tolerance default 0 001 to a small value say 0 00001 The number of iterations and the tolerance are set in Calc Spec for Calculation in Standard and Spray Sprinkler Modules Calculation Controls in Transient Module Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9QZ Tel 01223 441311 Fax 01223 441297 Email pipenet sunrise sys com http www sunrise sys com faq04 htm 18 06 02 10 10 39 Sunrise Systems Limited dine Sec mm ml LI Ded SUNRISE Products Services Latest News Newsletters Info Request Support FAQs Upgrades Contact Details Home Page e Links PIPENET LEADING THE WAY IN FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question 5 Why when select the Help option is no help displayed Answer The PIPENET modules all use the latest HTML Help facilities provided by all new Microsoft applications This form of help is based on the use of a Web Browser program that must be installed before the Help facility can be activated To obtain the full benefits of HTML Help it is recommended that Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 be installed This is now provided on CD ROM releases Back to FAQs Menu Sunrise Systems Limited Flint Bridge Business Centre Ely Road W
135. vely the curve may be estimated by interpo lation with the PIPENET built in curves If one would like to enter a user defined Suter curve one must first non dimensionalise the physical quantities and apply the Suter Trans forms The abscissa x ranges from 0 to 27 If the flowrate is negative AND the pump speed is strictly negative then x ranges between 0 and 1 2 if the flowrate is strictly negative AND the pump speed is positive then x ranges between 1 2 and z if the flowrate is positive AND the pump speed is positive then x ranges between 1x and 37 2 and if the flowrate is strictly posi tive AND the pump speed is strictly negative then x ranges between 37 2 and 2m Martin C S Representation of Pump Charac teristics for Transient Analysis ASME Symposium on Performance Characteristics of Hydraulic Tur bines and Pumps Winter Annual Meeting Boston November 13 18 1983 pp 1 13 Radial Pump with Specific Speed M 25 Zone B Hormal Turbine Zone D Hormal Pumping o a 7 H 0 T 0 Zone G Energy Dissipation Zone H Reverse Rotation Zone F Reverse Turbine Radial Pump SUNRISE SYSTEMS LIMITED FLINT BRIDGE BUSINESS CENTRE ELY ROAD WATERBEACH CAMBRIDGE CB5 9QZ UK TELEPHONE 01223 441311 INT 44 1223 441311 FAX 01223 441297 INT 44 1223 441297 EMAIL pipenet sunrise sys com WEB SITE www sunrise sys com PIPENEI NEWS SUNRISE Leading the way in fluid flow analysis
136. with complicated networks require us to look at the relevant files A fast and convenient way of sending Sunrise Systems Limited any problem files is to send the files by e mail to support sunrise sys com A member of our technical team will then be able to recreate and investigate the problem Outlined below are some of the points to bear in mind when sending data files by e mail e Inthe covering message include details of the operating system you are using e g Windows 95 NT 4 0 and the name and version number of the PIPENET module e Itis also helpful to give a brief description of the problem you have experienced and to send a diagram of the network by fax e tis not usually necessary to send the output and or results files for the simulation These can be quite large and this leads to an expensive transmission time Provided you send the input file and any supporting library files the output can be recreated at Sunrise systems Limited e Any input or library files should be attached to not included in the covering message The files should be attached as binary data to prevent file corruption in the transfer process Next Issue In order to demonstrate the full potential and capabilities of PIPENET modules we will discuss a real life problem in our next issue This will involve contribution from our existing customers Hence we would like to hear from our customers who would like to discuss and set up a pr
137. with pressure specifications whereas nodes 5 and 6 are output nodes with flow rate specifications Without any blocked pipes the simulation will run successfully but if we were to block pipe 3 then the simulation will fail to run The simulation fails to run with a blocked pipe because the network splits into two and the isolated network containing specifications 5 and 6 do not have any pressure specifications Blocked or broken pipes are shown on the schematic display with dotted lines In PIPENET in order to have a successful calculation a network must have at least one pressure specification and the number of ionodes must be equal to the number of specifications Next Issue The next issue will include more of the regular sections Case Studies and Frequently Asked Questions We will also describe in more de tail the revised suite of modules which are due for release in 2001 We always welcome any contributions to the newsletter from our users In particular we would like to receive more case studies such as those we have already featured in this and previous newsletters SUNRISE SYSTEMS LIMITED FLINT BRIDGE BUSINESS CENTRE ELY ROAD WATERBEACH CAMBRIDGE CB5 9QZ UK TELEPHONE 01223 441311 INT 44 1223 441311 FAX 01223 441297 INT 44 1223 441297 EMAIL pipenet sunrise sys com WEB SITE www sunrise sys com Transient Module Version 5 00 A major new feature in the new version of Tran sient Module is

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