HAND STITCHES - UK College of Agriculture
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1. N2 Insert the needle through the last loop to lock Secure to the adjacent fabric segment and hide 9 thread ends Overcast is used primarily as a seam or edge finish to prevent raveling Itis made by stitching over the fabric edge and can be worked from either direction A single thread is used Secure thread Beginning with the thread on the top side of the fabric edge and to the side of the needle move the needle forward approximately 1 4 inch Insert the needle from the back side bringing it to the right side Repeat for the length needed Thread will wrap the raw edge of the area seam facing hem Secure the thread at the end of the line of stitching and hide thread end Pad stitch a custom tailoring stitch Stitches can form a chevron or V like formation or be more parallel depending on the direction of each row of stitching see diagonal basting stitch The stitch is worked using single thread The pad stitch is used to e give firmness to a garment area e attach the interfacing permanently to the garment piece When the stitches are short and close together they provide more control and firmness This is especially needed in a jacket coat lapel area or in the stand of a collar Secure thread and bring it to the surface of the fabric Working from top to bottom or bottom to top take a 1 8 to 1 4 inch stitch pointing the needle perpendicular to the direction you are stitching Pull thread2. CT MMB 002 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE U UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE HAND STITCHES Hand stitches have many uses Before the sewing machine garment making was done exclusively by hand However in today s home sewing world of sophisticated sewing machines and sergers few garments are made entirely by hand But many home sewn and custom made garments continue to have some type of hand stitching used primarily as finishing techniques hemming securing fasteners etc Thus knowing and understanding the proper stitch to use 1s important to the 1tem s appearance as well as its function and longevity Depending on the stitch and its use some techniques require double thread sewing on a button or securing hooks eyes and snaps but most are worked with single thread A relatively short length of thread is strongly recommended Thread that is too long can become tangled easily and will tend to fray and break Many sewing experts recommend using thread no longer than 18 to 24 inches It is always important to select the appropriate thread and needle for the fabric and the task i F oF EVER SH TOA ES OP AEM e Use extra fine thread for basting stitches it is a very fine thread that does not show press marks e Use topstitching or buttonhole thread for making hand buttonholes and for sewing on buttons or other fasteners You can also use button or carpet thread for sewing on butt
3. authorities consider the prickstitch to be the shorter finer stitch Stitches are even and evenly spaced on the top side of the fabric On the back or underside the stitches overlap slightly The stitch is used e to hold fabric pieces together firmly sew or repair seams in place of machine stitching in handmade garments as understitching for delicate garments or a difficult to reach location to put a zipper in by hand To do the backstitch begin by securing the thread on the underneath side or between the fabric layers Bring the needle through to the right side of the fabric Insert the needle approximately 1 16 to 1 8 inch to the back of where the thread came out of the fabric Pass the needle under all layers of the fabric and forward twice the length of the stitch approximately 1 8 to 1 4 inch Bring the needle back to the top or surface of the fabric pulling the thread snug Stitches will have a chain like look on the underneath side Buttonhole a very strong stitch Itis worked from right to left with the point of the needle toward you and the raw edge of the fabric edge of the fastener you are covering away from you The stitch is used to e make hand worked buttonholes e sew on fasteners snaps hooks and eyes e finish the edge of an appliqu cover hooks and eyes To do the buttonhole stitch secure thread end and bring thread to the outside edge When working a buttonhole insert the needle to
4. secure but not tight Depending on the control or firmness needed move the needle up or down the fabric 1 4 to 1 2 inch and take another 1 8 to 1 4 inch stitch Continue by repeating these stitches Running an in and out even stitch It is very closely related to an even basting stitch but stitches are smaller and usually permanent Use single thread The running stitch is used for easing very fine gathering hand darning very delicate sewing such as fine seaming and tucking Rusening Sr tot Secure thread and bring the needle to the fabric surface Insert the needle into the fabric taking three or four small even forward stitches approximately 1 4 inch apart Pull the needle through the fabric Repeat Saddle a long running stitch evenly spaced It is used primarily for hand topstitching Buttonhole twist embroidery thread yarn or multiple strands of regular sewing thread can be used Stitches are approximately 1 4 to 3 8 inch in length Secure thread and bring the needle to the surface of the fabric Stitches can be worked from right to left or left to right Beginning from the right take a stitch 1 4 to 3 8 inch bringing needle back to the surface Thread should be pulled securely but not tight Continue the desired length taking care that stitches are evenly spaced and an even distance from the edge Slip Blind stitch an invisible yet secure stitch Some experts makes a distincti
5. the backside between the lips bringing the point of the needle to the surface approximately a 1 8 inch below the lip Wrap the thread under the needle from left to right Pull the needle through allowing the loop to slide to the edge of the lip forming a knot as the thread is pulled very secure When covering hooks and eyes bring the needle to the surface Sew around the fastener looping the thread behind the needle to form tight knots along one side Stitches should be very close together and very secure Catch stitch worked from left to right from one edge of the fabric to another creating an X like formation The X like formation provides some elasticity or give in the stitch which is ideal in some situations working with knit fabric tacking facings etc It is used e for hemming e for tacking a facing at a seam edge e to hold interfacing pieces together The catch stitch can be worked from edge to edge across a fabric edge This is sometimes called a flat catch stitch A small stitch is taken 44 inch down from the hem edge Another small stitch is taken in the garment at the hem edge Notice the needle is pointing left as the stitching moves from left to right creating the X stitch formation l ree Iek lt lt a n a Flat catch stitch A blind catch stitch is worked with the hem edge turned back approximately 12 inch The stitch catches the backside of the hem to the back side of th
6. arment The stitch can be functional as well as decorative Itis often used e when tailoring a lining to secure the center back ease pleat and dart tucks e to secure appliqu to a desired area e as an embroidery stitch A series of very small Stitches are taken on el lt N wa alternate sides of a given Y line pleat or tuck area The thread can be single or A double decorative or plain x To do the featherstitch begin by securing or hiding the thread end Bring thread to the surface in the center or on the given line Take a small diagonal stitch approximately 1 8 inch to the right of the center Angle the needle to come out on the centerline approximately 1 8 to 1 4 inch below the thread stitch above Position the thread so that it crosses the centerline and is underneath the needle at all times The next stitch is taken diagonally from the left of the center line pointing toward and coming out at the center line These formations are repeated for the desired length needed Felling a slant stitch formation used to e attach or secure edges of fabric such as the undercollar to the neck edge facing of the garment when custom tailoring e close seams from the right side e attach appliqu s Using single thread secure thread in an inconspicuous location between layers of fabric Hold the needle diagonal to the folded edge and pick up a very small stitch a couple of threads i
7. e garment The stitches do not show from the right or wrong side when completed The blind catch stitch is used to create a tailor s hem Blind catch stitch With thread end properly secured take a very small stitch a couple of threads of the garment Take the next stitch approximately 14 inch to the right in the backside of the hem Alternate between the hem and the garment moving from left to right This technique is generally preferred as the hemming stitch for most knits Cross stitch tack a decorative as well as a functional stitch The stitch provides a degree of flexibility yet security to an area It is often used when tailoring a jacket or coat lining to secure the center back ease pleat and any dart tucks A series of diagonal stitches are taken 4 to 1 2 inch apart through all layers of fabric to form a series of X s or crosses Either single or double thread can be used Diagonal basting a custom tailoring term for a longer form of the pad stitch Itis used to hold the interfacing to the facing The stitch can be a permanent or temporary stitch If it is to be permanent it must not show through on right side of the fabric The following diagram illustrates how changing the direction of stitching affects the look of the finished stitches chevron or parallel lines Chevron Parallel Featherstitch Briar primarily a decorative hand stitch that can be used on the inside or outside of a g
8. eedle between your thumb and forefinger Hold the thread in the other hand and guide to the needle hole Push the thread through the hole Securing Thread Thread ends and beginnings should always be firmly secured and inconspicuous This can be achieved in a number of ways As you begin a hand stitch the thread beginning should be secured by one of these three methods 1 tying a knot 2 taking a couple of very small stitches in the same location 3 taking a stitch and locking it by looping the thread around the needle and pulling it secure How to Tie a Knot When a knot is tied to begin a line of stitching it should be very small secure and neat To do this 1 Moisten forefinger and grasp the thread near the end 2 Wrap one end of the thread around the forefinger 3 Allow about 44 inch lap over of thread 4 With the thumb and forefinger roll these threads together and off the finger 5 With loop between thumb and forefinger pull knot to the end of the thread to tighten pe Fasten Ends of Hand Stitching To end the stitching threads are usually secured by 1 taking a couple of very small stitches in the same location 2 taking a stitch and locking it by looping the thread around the needle This technique is done by taking a very small stitch and inserting your needle through the loop Pull securely sliding the needle between the layers of fabric or be
9. hind a seam allowance approximately 12 inch to hide the thread end Bring the needle out to the surface of the fabric and snip thread close to the surface Knots and thread ends at the beginning or at the end of hand stitching are always hidden between layers of fabric such as behind a seam allowance or hem allowance Using A Thimble A thimble is used to protect the finger while pushing the needle through the various layers of fabric Select a thimble to fit the size of the end of the middle finger of the hand used when hand sewing Place the thimble on the middle finger of the hand that holds the needle Fa h 4 ED g i Yii A 3 ie e Hold the needle between the thumb and the forefinger e Insert the needle into the fabric and push it through using the side or end of the thimble Stitch Types There are many types and names of hand stitches The hand stitches discussed here are a few of the more common ones used in home sewing For a more comprehensive glossary refer to the one of the books in the list at the end Some hand stitches such as the prickstitch and backstitch should be pulled tight The tailor s hem however should have some give Most stitches used for hemming should be secure but never so tight that they pull on the fabric causing it to pucker Backstitch Prickstitch a very strong secure stitch Sometimes a distinction is made between the backstitch and prickstitch Some
10. llowances should be marked on both pieces being matched Fold one seam allowance under on the seamline With right sides up match folded seam allowance to the piece to be joined Using single thread working from either direction begin at the folded seam allowance edge Slide needle approximately 1 4 inch and bring it out along the folded edge Carefully take a stitch through the other piece directly on the seamline Bring the needle back to the folded piece and repeat Continue the length of the seam securing threads at the end Stab stitch a permanent stitch that holds fabric parts together Used most often in tailoring The stitch is invisible from the right side of the fabric garment The stab stitch is used to e secure layers of batting interfacing or muslin when making a shoulder pad e hold seams together and prevents shifting t e gorge line collar and neck edge etc Whipstitch Overhand stitch formation is very similar to slant hemming A single thread is used The needle is positioned and inserted into the fabric straight resulting in slanted stitches The whipstitch is used to e hold two fabric edges together e secure a hem that has seam tape lace on the edge to prevent raveling a a a a a A 4 i When joining two edges secure thread between layers of fabric Bring needle out along one edge Take a small stitch in the opposite folded edge Repeat Pull stitches tight When hemming sec
11. n the fabric opposite the thread Slip the point of the needle through the edge of the fold and approximately 4 inch to the right picking up a few threads of the other side or garment piece Pull the needle and thread through Stitches should be close together and pulled very secure Repeat stitch formation French tack a thread connection securing separate garment segments to one another 1 e a free hanging lining or a floating snap The connection is usually 1 4 to 3 8 inch in length It can be formed one of two ways Thread Bridge amp Buttonhole Stitch Using matching double thread connect the parts pieces with a bridge of double threads approximately 1 4 to 3 8 inch in length The bridge should consist of at least two sets of double threads Starting at one end of the bridge work a close tight buttonhole stitch across around the thread bridge Refer to information above on buttonhole stitch Stitches should be very tight and very close together At the end of the thread bridge lock secure and hide thread end Crochet Stitch Loop Using matching double thread firmly secure thread Take a very small stitch leaving a loop in the thread Release the needle 1 gt Using your fingers loop the 2 thread 3 i Pull loop very snug next to the fabric Continue the looping process to create the desired tack length Make sure loops are very secure and snugly positioned against the previous loops
12. on between the slip stitch stitches further apart and the blind stitch stitches very close together The stitch is characteristically used when there is a folded edge that needs to be secured in a neat manner Stitch length can range between 1 8 to 3 8 inch depending on the construction area Use single thread The slip stitch is used e to attach one edge to another such as a tailored pocket to a jacket when an invisible firm stitch is needed applying a lining to secure hems waistbands etc joining two folded edges together closing two folded edges from the right side Begin by securing thread When hemming take a small stitch a couple of threads in the garment then slip the needle through the folded edge approximately 3 8 inch Pull needle and thread through making stitch secure but not tight Repeat the length of the area When joining two edges secure thread between fabric layers Bring needle and thread out along one folded edge Slip needle through the opposite fold sliding it 1 8 to 1 4 inch and pull thread through Repeat Stitches are pulled very snug so that edges meet Stitches do not show The picture above is designed to show the stitch process not the actual end results Slip basting 1s used when matching plaids stripes or fabric edges that must not slip when permanent sewing or fitting takes place setting in a tailored sleeve The stitch is temporary ee CAN aj Seam a
13. ons When heavier thread is used a single strand rather than double is sufficient e Use a color similar to the garment for basting since some colors especially dark colors rub off or transfer e Hand needles come in a variety of sizes and types For finer fabrics use a smaller needle e Use a finer needle when short single stitches are required such as pad stitching Longer needles are preferred when multiple stitches are to be stitched at one time such as basting TYFES OF Ban Point NEEDLES MMS OLS a a Crewels Wedge ys Calyx Eyed Between Standards A well made hand stitch will e be secured at beginning and ending with no loose threads e have a uniform length e be invisible on the outside of the garment e be neat on the inside e have knots or thread ends between the fabric layers or hidden within construction details e consist of an appropriate thread type for the stitch fabric and task e be smooth and not create puckers on the right or wrong sides of the fabric AGRICULTURE amp NATURAL RESOURCES FAMILY amp CONSUMER SCIENCES 4 H YOUTH DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY amp ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT How to Thread a Needle e Cut a length of thread about 18 inches long Breaking the thread leaves fuzzy ends and may damage the thread Broken threads do not go through the needle eye easily kae Pe Cr F Broken Cut the thread on a slant for easier threading e Grasp the n
14. ure the thread in an inconspicuous area behind the seam tape Bring the needle to the surface through the tape Take a small stitch a couple of threads in the garment bringing the needle back down and through the tape Pull thread secure but not tight Stitches should not show on the right side of the fabric Other recommended references Reader s Digest Complete Guide to Sewing Reader s Digest Association Reader s Digest Complete Guide to Needlework Reader s Digest Association Prepared by Nadine Hackler Associate Professor Extension Clothing Specialist Permission to use granted by Nadine Hackler Emeritus Extension Professor and Clothing Specialist Institute of Food amp Agriculture Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL Adapted for use in Kentucky for The Master Volunteer in Clothing Construction Program 1993 by Linda Heaton Ph D Extension Professor for Textiles amp Clothing Revised by Marjorie M Baker M S Extension Associate for Textiles amp Clothing November 2004 Disk Construction handstitches doc Educational programs of the Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of race color age sex religion disability or national origin
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