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USER MANUAL

1. Cancel Apply 4 r f Or f de lc le S le o 691573 872703 m 2310666 835658 m 152 516855 m Ag lt 3 a ims text 4 Specify the active layer of the raster map in the Raster layer for correlation field Specify the DEM layer if is available in the DEM layer for obtaining Z field If necessary refresh the layer list using the button 5 Edit the correlator parameters GCD or specify the GCDs value manually Search area Specify the search area of the corresponding point on the image in meters 100 by default Correlation mask halfsize Specify the size of correlation mask on the X and Y axes in pixels 12 by default Contrast point search area Set the check box and define the value of search area in meters 10 by default in which the searching of maximum contrast point will be performed The parameter can be useful for images with the increased percentage of the continuous tone areas It is recommended to set the O value during the measuring of points in areas of low contrast for example when the maximum contrast corresponds to the forest vegetation the chances are high that the correlation will be with errors within this area Correlation threshold Determine the minimum acceptable value of correlation coefficient for measuring of points 0 8 by default based on the images quality The point with the correlation threshold below the set value will not be considered when adding Th
2. Camera parameters file format x cam The x cam file contains fields corresponding to the Camera dialogue parameters Name camera name CalibrationDate date of calibration Description camera description Focus focal length PrincipalPoint principal point s coordinates etc See also the chapters Input and editing of film camera parameters and Input of digital Camera parameters 3 3 Interior orientation of film camera images You can use three methods of interior orientation of images assigned to film camera see the chapters Cameras management and Input and editing of film Camera parameters measure fiducial marks manually and perform interior orientation see the chapter Manual measuring of fiducial marks perform interior orientation in semiautomatic mode using a template image which has already measured fiducial marks and interior orientation completed see the chapter Semiautomatic interior orientation perform automatic interior orientation if camera parameters contain Fiducial coordinates type specified which includes data on fiducial marks location templates and numeration see the chapter Automatic interior orientation 17 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 3 3 1 Manual measuring of fiducial marks After you have specified film cameras for project images you can proceed to stage of fiducial marks measuring if any and in that way
3. ccccccccecccsscccseeccseeceuceceuceceeeecaeeceueecsueecaeesueeseeesseeeseas 25 4 Relative orientation and ground control points measurement sceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 30 Al OVE MTAl OM MENU sinok a E a aia gad a a avg 32 4 2 Input and measuring of ground control POINHS cccceecceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeesaeeeeeeaeeeeeeaaes 34 7 aaa Go an g 9 0 name tee tnres ee ne E T re nner eee a 34 AD de LIMo Or GCP I brrcnno cutie Oe acess isl ealt a cale ta ahe oe cea etleantet actuate arectnn clea dts 36 Be TES DOLE CCP MSL ssacsustis ses dated onc is EA cancun a dameaseueheawaiunk 39 422 GCP MeCASUlCINOGN orsta rsa c teen h a cote aie T E teccacleiece E 40 4 2 3 Measuring control point ON MAD cccsscccccseececsaneeecsaueeeccsausuessauenessuuseessaaeessaanessananes 42 4 2 3 1 Preparation and loading of georeferenced data inrcr aiaa 42 4 2 3 2 Searching corresponding GCPS on 1MAaGES cc cceeseesessseeeceeceeeeeeeeaeaaaeeessseseeeeeeeeseeeeeqeaas 43 4 2 3 3 Adding to list and measuring GCP on project 1Mages cccccccccccccscssssseeeseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaes 44 AN SSA MP WAIN O WV screenees saat a nego tigi em teatsguenauas once Ra puede ea a a eesonaaalineaaete 47 AD Seo waster Map score LEM CC en ik ae ea a a teal a saree cee cab tae 49 4 3 Automatic tie points MEASUPEMENL c cc ccccceccceeeceeecee cece eeceeeeseeeeseeeseaeeseeeseeeesueesaess 51 AG 1 WOKING Order and terno casita E a EEE E n
4. 111 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 First number in each string is a number of the image then may be zero value and X Y Z coordinates of projection centers In the next two lines are 9 values of the rotation matrix elements 3X3 five values in the first line and four in the second Items separator is either space or comma Matrix elements are calculated by following formulas and entered in following order a11 a21 a31 a12 a22 a32 a13 a23 a33 a11 cos x cos K a21 cos K x sin x sin W cos W x sin K a31 cos K x sin x cos W sin W x sin K a12 sin K x cos a22 cos K x cos W sin W x sin x sin K a32 sin W x cos K cos W x sin x sin K a13 sin Q a23 sin W x cos a33 cos W x cos Q mimi File Edit Format Help 025 0 000 597044 5695 447920 703 1566 579 064630244617 0 761943717777 0 004103315426 0 761554359979 0 647 44090977 0 019720640725 0 012236933457 2 0 015697512125 0 9997971056964 O24 0 000 597360 692 440461 550 1560 230 0 664336693507 0 747120503700 0 021345657139 0 747 116920044 0 664615547046 0 010123307074 0 021 750067690 0 009222417269 0 9997 20901540 026 0 000 596299 412 447 403 933 1562 141 0 662360016290 0 749169469663 0 003703604970 0 749170167310 0 662364970392 0 002170029101 0 0006274156675 0 004212017855 0 999990757100 023 0 000 596606 505 440901
5. 0 R10_S05 R10_S07 SENN 3 0 Top Strip 9 Image Camera Camera type ee Malus o a Transform type Residuals mean abs value pix orientation measured P InfoMap RC 20 x Fiducial a Shift scale 7 f 0 4i cam coordinates rotation ss InfoMap RC 20 x Fiducial ae Shift scale cam coordinates rotation i InfoMap RC 20 x Fiducial ae Shift scale cam coordinates rotation Close Report on interior orientation for film camera Strips and images which are not passed interior orientation procedure yet are highlighted by red color strips and images for which interior orientation is done incompletely or with 21 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 mistakes exceeding a threshold or if not all marks are measured by yellow The errors themselves are also marked by red The example on the figure above shows unsatisfactory result of interior orientation where mean error was setup in pixels 0 2 one of marks on one of images was not measured and all marks on another image were not measured too To proceed to necessary strip select the appropriate link in strips table In images table of selected strip use a link to pass to detailed information on interior orientation results for the image selected lali EEEE Interior Orientation Report for the Image R09_S85 Back Refresh Report parameters Camera InfoMap RC 20 x cam
6. At the bottom of the table you can see total values of vertical parallax residuals RMS mean abs and maximal parallax for all measurements on a stereopair Vertical parallax residual is controlled for the type of error specified in Relative orientation report settings window Further you can see a table with calculated relative orientation parameters alpha omega and kappa angles a table of kappa angles discrepancy as well as points distribution uniformity by standard zones 103 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 iol xi r BR S Relative Orientation Parameters Image RUG Soy lett Image RUG Sob right Aloha rad 0 02121294 0 01576526 Omega rad 0 OU000000 0 05593250 Kappa rad O 18260369 0 12235611 2 D Orientation from the Block Scheme Image RUG so ileti Image RUG Sob fright kappa rad 0 30551191 0 245560 1 Angle kappa Discrepancy Image RUG so ileti Image RUG Sob fright kappa rad O 122 70621 0 1232097 1 Selected stereopair report Relative orientation parameters and kappa angle discrepancy 2011 104 Aerial triangulation 2011 lox TEEN Point Distribution by Zones Distribution uniformity Uniform Min number of points in zone J Max number of points in zone z Average number of points in zone 40 fone 1 fone 2 Number of points 3 Number of points 3 Points
7. cccccccccssveeecececeeeaneeseeeceeeeaaaaeseeeeeeeaas 92 4 4 6 1 2 Format of file of points measurements ON TNAGES eccccccccccsssesecccccccccaneecseccceeeeaaeseseseeeees 93 4 4 6 2 Import from X Points 200 0 ccccccsssssssssssseeececcccceeeeeesaaeeessssseeeeeceeecesessesaaaeegsesseeeeeeeeeeeeeaaas 94 4 4 6 3 Triangulation points import from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT oo cessseeeseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaas 95 4 4 7 Triangulation points CXPOTT cccsscecccnsneeeccssusecsaueeeesaueeecssaaeessaceeeessaeeessaanessaaenessanes 95 AA FAW OR to We FN Dy oieracea EE ar Eia 95 4 4 1 2 Export to X POMS vcvnsaceassverncvsancsteasrncesoutanassiondsaennaeihaccanmetasuuen sdvoensesdbioennediuccotipubasotvertaadamcteniee 96 4 5 Relative orientation accuracy control ccccccccssscecsseeecesececseceeeueeeeseessaseessueeeneueesnaes 96 4 5 1 Relative Orientation report SCttiGS ccccsecccccseeeecenneeecssuneeessaueeessaneeessaesessanenessanes 96 4 5 2 Relative orientation repot cccccccscccnsesscccscneeccnsssecnsuseecsausesenscuseensausesssaseseceuesensans 99 45 2 1 Report forsclected stercopail serisi e EA EE E 102 4 5 2 2 Report for selected triplet cccccccccccccccccccceaeesssseeseseeeeeececcceeceeeaaaaeessuseeeeeeeeeeeeseeeaaaas 105 5 Import of exterior orientation data cc ccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeaaeeesaaeeeeaneeseanesseeessoes 107 5 1 Import exterior orientation data WINKOW ccccecccceeeeseeeeaeeesae
8. Aerial triangulation 2011 The example below shows digital camera DSS parameters input DSS Camera passport Table 1 Camera Calibrated Parameters Parameter 54 995 Xpp pixels 2011 49 2018 97 0 243 0 244 Xpp and ypp are measured from image upper left corner image size 4077x4092 see Fig 8 Xpp and ypp are measured from image center pixel size 9 microns see Fig 8 Table 2 Radial Lens Distortion Radial Distance mm Radial Distortion Pixel Radial Distortion microns 1 O 0 022 2 s 02 O LOU 3 Pe Ca pU 4 16 1 441 9 i eo 2 355 6 0 54 4 897 7 0 686 Tel Oo 8 a ae i 209 9 1 84 16 5 1 10 Eo moe LA JA 11 aed a I2 A d 39 3513 Lo aeres 4 9 937 14 O 09 A ac 15 50 76 486 16 O ed 92 419 17 gt L raa 110 024 18 14 42 LA a1 Oo 19 1G TO ALO ged A PAN 19 34 174 056 PAN 22 04 190 s395 ZZ 24 87 252602 23 A laU 2 0 209 24 290 13 ee Osa Zo accion 302 506 26 cho eie S2 el to 13 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Image upper left corner XP Principal Point Image centre J092 lines Rows i t OUT Pixels Columns yP Notation X and Y Image Coordinate Frame Right Handed System X and Y Pixel Monitor Coordinate Frame Left Handed System Point Offsets in a DSS Digital Image Note In given example symmetry point with zero distortion coincides w
9. 4 4 1 Points measurement module Points measurement module is used for triangulation points ground control check and tie measurement in manual mode At that during tie point measurement relative orientation parameters are calculated automatically Points measurement module may be used on the following steps of project processing input measurement of ground control points see the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points measurement of tie points on block images in full manual mode and relative orientation perform editing of tie points for correction of errors appeared after measuring and performing of relative orientation in automatic mode see the chapter Automatic tie points measurement editing of triangulation points for correction of errors appeared on block adjustment stage See Block adjustment User Guide tie points measurement for accuracy evaluation by Y parallax after import of exterior orientation parameters See the chapter Import of exterior orientation parameters Relative orientation module is integration of two windows main window Points measurement and Triangulation points window Main window of Points measurement module shows selected images in separate windows and contains tools for operations of triangulation points measurement Triangulation points window is a list of all measured points of images block with measurements data and contains tools for work with the list 2
10. Create stereopairs based on exterior orientation data a Additional parameters The Search for points section contains the following parameters Number automatically measured points starting with is used for automatic numbering of measured tie points starting with number specified in the entry field It allows to distinguish these points from the ones already measured on the project images Regardless of the set value the system does not generate points with duplicate numbers If the point with some number already exists then this number will be skipped when creating of new points Minimum distance between points pix minimal distance in pixels between points measured on the image 5 by default It is recommended to increase the value of this parameter when the problems with block adjustment Fixed search sequence If this option is checked the sequence of images areas searched for points is fixed Otherwise the system tries different random image spots each run The former case fixed order may be useful for example for performance testing the latter random order is best for everyday practice Use automatic block layout results allows to use the block layout results automatically created for UAV images Points per stereopair option button specifies either number of points to be added at each stereo pair in one session if the Points to add per session option is selected or the target number of poin
11. Then perform menu command Orientation Direct georeferencing once more and open Block adjustment window using menu command Orientation Block adjustment or the button ai to view GCP error vectors on block scheme and analyze errors in the report See also Block adjustment User Guide 2 Analyze marker coordinates displayed in status line in location of ground control point on block images in 2D window e By Y parallax in stereo mode For that after import of exterior orientation parameters you should measure several 6 10 tie points on block images see the chapter Relative orientation and ground control points measurement perform menu command Orientation Direct georeferencing once more open Points measurement module and estimate a value of Y parallax displayed in the upper right corner of the window on tie points in stereo mode At that you should click the button Be Create epipolar images using adjustment results see the chapter Points measurement in stereomode You can also use mono mode F for errors evaluation on triangulation points using the buttons oo Show GCP error a vectors and Show tie error vectors of the mail toolbar of the Points measurement module window 6 Block layout 6 1 Data for block layout creation Block layout approximate terrain scheme block scheme later on obtained by projecting of assembled images block on specified surface ground surface considering images overla
12. Appl to images to all f bo selected con 5 4 Accuracy control of imported data In order to make a decision about further actions after import of exterior orientation data you should estimate accuracy of obtained results of exterior orientation You can perform accuracy control using the following ways e By block layout Visual estimation of block layout created using exterior orientation data see the chapter Block layout creation allows to detect blunders in block scheme However you should remember that block scheme creation by exterior orientation beside imported data depends on such important conditions as absence 115 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 of interior orientation errors and availability of a value of height step of surveyed terrain Both parameters are setup during project creation in project settings see Project creation User Guide or in Import exterior orientation data window If you are satisfied with visual evaluation you can adjust the block scheme by GCP coordinates or by Y parallax in stereo mode e By ground control check points coordinates You can estimate accuracy by GCP coordinates using two following ways 1 Measure several GCP and analyze errors in Block adjustment window For that after import of exterior orientation parameters measure several GCP on block images see the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points
13. File with x cam extension has contents as follows 2011 16 Aerial triangulation 2011 PJ Projects DSS_Corners DSS_4strips Cameras D55 x cam oj x JL E lt te version 1 0 encodings uti gt IDOCTYPE phin SYSTEM phinnt dtd phini gt s n name v D55 e card gt s n calibration date w gt w n description gt n gt d n focus v 5 499499999999999 e 01 gt 4n principal points sd n s v 1 87034 7 0000000000e 01 zd n y v 1 864687 0000000001 01 lt w w n Int_or gt s n toe v Digital gw n pikel size red nae v 9999999999999993e 03 ed nal v S99999999999999 se 03S lS lt a gt s n dighal camera_ongin v LowerLett gt n gt dw n distortion gt s n type v Radial gt 4n syrmmetry pont gt lt d nes v 1 87 0341 DO00000000e 01 lt d ne y v 864581 000000000 01 fs lt fe gw n btable_r gt cae gd n v 1 QOO0000000000000e 00 gt dn dr v 0 Q000000000000000e 00 gt n gt TRF gd n v OOO0000000000000e 00 gt gd n dr v 1 S000000000000000e 05 gt TMS TAF gd n v 3 QO00000000000000e 00 gt gd n d v 6 0r 0000000000000 e 04 TMP TMS gd n v 4 OOOO000000000000e 00 gt gd n d v 1 4000000000000000e 3 gt ars one gd n v 5 OO00000000000000e 00 gt gd n d v 2 SO00000000000000e 3 gt n gt a gd n v 6 OOO0000000000000e 00 gt 3016 ails g ot
14. PHOTOMOD 5 21 4 4 7 2 Export to X Points For export of GCP and tie points measurements to X Points use menu command Orientation Export Export tie points to X Points In the window opened specify a folder and a target file name with x points extension and click Save All triangulation points of a project will be exported to specified location Besides for export of project triangulation points to X Points you can use corresponding command from drop down menu of the button in Triangulation points window In this case you can perform export either of all points or just those selected in the list 4 5 Relative orientation accuracy control After completing of images relative orientation you can view its results perform analysis and accuracy control of the operation executed in automatic or in manual mode see the chapter Automatic tie points measurement and Manual measuring of triangulation points using Report on relative orientation The report is created considering control parameters and acceptable residuals specified in the window of Relative orientation report settings Relative orientation and accuracy control includes e accuracy control for measurements on stereopairs using residual vertical parallaxes e accuracy control for measurements in triple overlap Zones using discrepancies in tie points measurements taken on two adjacent stereopairs models e control of points number and uniformity of their distribution on stere
15. Parameters of points measurement On the vertical panel to the left there are the following tools used for images displaying management F show points Shows all measured points on images in opened windows et Ly show points with symbols Shows all measured tie points by symbols specified in accordance to their type in the Symbols window see appropriate tool in the toolbar A show points names Shows name labels for all measured tie points F show model arrows Adds additional items to tie point symbol directing to adjacent image left or right where this point was measured For example to triplet point symbol two items will be added to the right and to the left DO that mean connection with the left and the right image F 8 _ show vectors of GCP errors The feature is available after block adjustment See Block adjustment User Guide a show tie error vectors The feature is available after block adjustment See Block adjustment User Guide show error vectors Blue color is used to show error vectors on GCP purple color on tie points This option is available after block adjustment operation See Block adjustment User Guide F turns on off a filter to show points according to settings provided in the Point filter window see below ir BE _ setup points filter Opens the Point filter window allowing to select certain type of points to display
16. Principal point only is setup by Xo and Yo coordinates in mm Used for interior orientation if there are no calibration data and fiducial marks available 2011 10 Aerial triangulation 2011 Fiducial marks is used for interior orientation if there are no calibrated fiducial marks coordinates or calibrated distances available but it is possible to calculate the principal point at the intersection of the segments joining the fiducial marks Calibrated distances allows to input calibrated distances between fiducial marks in mm on XY axes Lx and Ly Fiducial coordinates allows to input calibrated X Y coordinates of the fiducial marks if they are available in camera passport e Fiducial coordinates type if you use calibrated distances and fiducial marks coordinates you can select fiducial marks type fiducial marks template from drop down list if the list contains suitable camera Selected template already includes fiducial marks data specific for selected camera type marks numeration marks template and marks searching area That is why you can perform interior orientation immediately in automatic mode See the chapter Automatic interior orientation e Distortion is selected according to available camera distortion data in camera passport In the list opened choose one of the following No data no distortion data available Formula input a set of Brown Conrady model
17. RC 20 x cam 180 Rig 506 RC 20 x cam 180 Rig soy RC 20 x cam 180 hange camera For selected images J Assign selected camera to selected images Set camera rotation for selected images fF ge 7 90 Gounterclockiwise fF 180 270 Gockvise Execute Manage project cameras window Left part of the window called Project images panel contains a list with all strips images of the project and their parameters as well as tools for images selection You can select images using different ways To select particular images mark the appropriate checkbox To select all images of the strip mark the appropriate checkbox for the strip There are the following tools for images selection RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 E select all images in the list cancel all images selection e HE invert images selection mE select highlighted images Oe _ cancel selection of highlighted images e ita select those images in the list which are highlighted in block scheme in 2D window e a highlight in block scheme in 2D window the images selected in the list To highlight an image click the image name in the list The highlighted image is shown in view window in the right part at the bottom To highlight several images use Ctrl and Shift keys Project images have the following parameters displayed in the list interior orientation state
18. Service area width 2 of image width and height by default should not be less than on the image otherwise a big amount of wrong points would be measured in image service areas Image blur slider which allows taking into account the images quality The Bands section contains three parts Grayscale by default RGB and Green The RGB option can be activated for tie point calculation on the color images It can enhance measurement accuracy but increase the work time of automatic calculation Activation of the Green option is recommended for low quality images from UAV Tie point measurement parameters im x Search for points Correlator Rejection Miscellaneous Correlation matris half size Do not use image border area i bd 2 of width fo A 2 of height fo A M Autocorrelation control Image blur asimum value 30 ts i No Strong blur Bands RGB with radiometric conection applied Grayscale Green za Correlation parameters Rejection tab is used to setup point s filtration parameters 2011 58 Aerial triangulation 2011 Tie point measurement parameters ol x e Preliminary filtering with detection of trusted points group M Delete all tie points if after filtering number of them left is less then 7 H jf Delete measurements on non adjacent images jf Delete single paints Delete points with correlation below threshold Delete points surplus In strip Between
19. The template in the Line template input field will be automatically changed Double click on the table columns cancels the field selection Change the template manually in the input field Line template The table column s types are changed automatically The Automatically validate template checkbox provides automatic selection of the current template on pressing the Next button So it is enough to define the table s to be imported columns types to set the Automatically validate template checkbox and push the Next button If the file contains rows with different columns number unselect the Automatically validate template checkbox and set the template manually in the Line template input field To define the file rows number to display in the table set it in the Preview maximum lines input field To define the row number to start the data import set it s number in the Start import from line filed Note the current template on pressing the button will correspond to those rows only which are displayed in the table In the appropriate window sections set the file columns delimiter s type Comma Space Tab Semicolon or Other delimiters and decimal delimiter for the coordinates values in the file Point only Point or comma 2011 38 Aerial triangulation 2011 Import GCP catalogue i ioj xj Pn cTon Licey Line template Name X 2 StdDev StdDevwy StdDewZ Ti Start import From line i A Preview maximum fio A
20. You can control data collection for exterior orientation block adjustment using the following features e Project state summary window opened using menu command Project Project state or using the button of main PHOTOMOD Core toolbar Project state x Images 6 strips 2 IRNI Y Interior orientation Y Relative orientation Y Exterior orientation Project state summary window Project state summary allows viewing project state as a whole Completed project stages are marked by symbol partly accomplished amp unperformed stages x Tools for opening of different dialogue window used for project processing are provided for each project stage The Project state window shows state of block forming stage number of strips and images and tools for adding of images and strips to a project See the chapter Block forming in Project creation User Guide state of interior orientation stage and tools for specifying of project cameras interior orientation executing and viewing of resulting report See the chapter Interior orientation state of relative orientation stage and tools for block layout creation relative orientation executing and viewing of resulting report See the chapter Relative orientation and ground control points measurement state of exterior orientation stage and tool for block adjustment See Block adjustment User Guide e Detailed reports on interior and relative orientation
21. coordinate values or change the type of point ground control point check point on the GCP list tab see chapter Triangulation points window Adding GCP with correlation Perform the following actions to add the GCP using correlator 1 Make active the layer of raster map If the DEM is available load it into the Map window p 2 Select the terrain point using the marker on the raster map Push the aa Synchronize marker with images selection button in the Map window for automatic opening of the project images containing this terrain point in the AT module 3 Push the E Open tool panel for adding GCPs from map button in the Map window The Add GCPs from map window opens The window is modal i e work in 2011 44 Aerial triangulation 2011 the Map window and in the AT module is possible when the window is open Points measurement QQQQG oot BES SOO 84 e 71 Mle eR Se evi B HELLT TE A amp amp it L 250 P Ce Woe A l la ae A Add GCPs from map e zj E EN Poi a B lolx esp V Auto fi o m ASS Ola a w E j Search area 100 m 2 mie QQ afo gt Ei Correlation mask halfsize h2 H pix E I 1 48 6607 2031 I Contrast point search area fio o m S D m feee Correlation threshold o s A x Raster layer for correlation active layer DEM layer For obtaining Z active layer 2 1 1 5607 2031 3 Triangulation points
22. for which you will specify GSD values Name This column shows names of all strips and images of a block This column shows current GSD value if there is no GSD data the symbol is shown Note User may set up GSD data for images on a previous stage of block forming using the Block Set GSD menu This column shows interior orientation parameters availability for images of a block available unavailable Note For GSD calculation by DEM you should have interior orientation parameters available Ext or This column shows availability of imported exterior orientation data for 121 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 images of a block exterior orientation data is available no ext or data available Note For GSD calculation by DEM you should have at least rojection centers coordinates available 3 To calculate GSD value for selected images perform one of the following e Specify DEM for automatic GSD calculating in the Compute by DEM panel Set the In void DEM cells use Z checkbox if necessary and specify Z coordinate in the input field for DEM empty cells if any Set the Use image points out of DEM extents checkbox if DEM does not fully cover images block Click the Compute button GSD values calculated by DEM for selected images are shown in the table e Specify GSD value manually or calculat
23. woo R correlation analysis See the chapter Analysis of autocorrelation coefficient opens relative orientation report for opened images See also the chapter Relative orientation and accuracy control 2011 68 Aerial triangulation 2011 S map Opens the Map window where you can load a map vector raster or DEM that allow to move GCP from geo referenced map to images See also the chapter Adding points from a vector map mi find on map Allows to display on geo referenced map a position of marker in active window See also chapter Measuring control point on map E Adding of GCPs panel Allows to open the Add GCPs from map window to measure the GCPs from the georeferenced basis raster and vector maps DEMs to the images See also chapter Adding to list and measuring of GCP on the project images D toolbars Shows toolbars in images windows See the chapter Windows of opened images La _ status bars Shows status bars in images windows See the chapter Windows of opened images te marker settings Opens the Marker settings window to set up the marker Shape size and color de symbols Opens the Symbols window where you can select and setup symbols for displaying of different types of measured points See chapter Symbols settings Opens the Points measurement settings window where you can specify correlator parameters and setup of report displaying after editing See the chapter
24. 4970710 750000 6444342 650000 129 100000 0 1000000 0 1000000 0 1000000 0908 4970281 380000 6444471 620000 130 590000 0 1000000 0 1000000 0 1000000 0906 4969867 500000 6444567 540000 0 1000000 0 1000000 0 1000000 where name a name of a GCP X Y Z ground coordinates of this point STDDEVX STDDEVY STDDEVZ accuracy of coordinates measuring RMS along X Y Z axes Plane position accuracy data STDDEVXY field or accuracy along of each axes STDDEV can be imported if they are set in current fields Data of other fields are not usable for import Push the button on the GCP list tab of the Triangulation points window to import GCP s coordinate catalogue Select the GCP catalogue text file Push the OK button The Import GCP catalogue window opens 2011 36 Aerial triangulation 2011 Import GCP catalogue i ioj xj Pacton Licsy Line template Start import From line fi ts Preview maximum fio ti lines W Automatically validate template ield separators W Comma Tab J Space Semicolon Other ecimal separator Point only Point or comma Drag a Field name From the list of available Fields on a grid column to assign column type Double click on grid column to cancel assignment pints with existing names f Replace i Skip Convert coordinate system Input coordinate system Cartesian Left Left Cartesian reference system Select orientation left
25. F8 Tools for image adjustment will appear in status bar QRQQQHl A ww L ross O_o ee J j e sjej ju s 21 56 7069 0000 5200 0000 31 2710 mm 6 6144 mm Radiometric adjustment of image You can adjust the image s brightness contrast and gamma using corresponding sliders Scrollbars in active window may be turned on and off using Ctri F8 hotkey Image panning is done with Alt key held down 11 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 See description of stereo window for selected stereopair in the chapter Points measurement in stereomode 4 4 1 2 Triangulation points window Triangulation points window contains a ist of all triangulation points of a project ground control check and tie with measurement data and also tools for points view search edit and import export Triangulation points window is a part of Points measurement module and moreover may be used independently for work with just a list of points for view list editing points import export During independent work with a list you can open Points measurement module with automatic displaying of a point selected in the list on all images windows where it was measured You can open the Triangulation points window using the following ways e menu command Orientation Tie points list In Triangulation points window the All triangulation points tab will be opened where you can see a list of all po
26. If there are no GCP you should use a free model as adjustment method in this case it is recommended to setup the basis value as precise as possible More details about Parameters window see in Block adjustment User Guide Report on relative orientation on completion opens the Report window used for viewing and editing of tie points measurements right after performing of automatic relative orientation See the chapter Relative orientation report Parameters panel contains the following parameters Points per stereopair allows to set a number of points measured on each stereopair the resulting amount of measured points on stereopair could be both more than this number due to their transfer from adjacent stereopairs and less than it due to the further rejection Default number is 30 points inside strips and 10 points between strips Minimal number of points needed for control of residual vertical parallax 6 Depending on the options on the Miscellaneous tab the Points per stereopair parameter specifies either number of points to be added at each stereo pair in one session if the Points to add per session option is selected or the target number of points which must be measured at each stereo pair if the Target number of points on a stereopair option is selected l e for example if there are 10 points already on a stereopair and the Points per stereopair parameter is 30 there will be 30 points added in former case and 20
27. Mean abs value i Max Max IY Check discrepancy of kappa angle fram block layout Angle discrepancy threshold degrees 30 00 I Check number of tie points I Check number of tie points Minimum number jz ts Minimum number 3 ts W Check point distribution uniformity Check errors in interstrip stereapairs cont Relative orientation report parameters The window consists of two tabs Main parameters and Additional Main report parameters The Show report section allows to define images which will be analyzed for the report all images of a block or selected images with addition of adjacent ones if necessary To check measurements for vertical parallax error select the Check vertical parallax option and input acceptable threshold value in pixels or mm for selected error type RMS mean or maximal error It is recommended to reject points with vertical parallax which exceeds image pixel size To perform accuracy control of measurements in triplets select the Check residuals in triplets option and input acceptable threshold value in XY and Z in pixels mm or meters for selected error type Acceptable residual for maximal error in triplets could be calculated using the following formula E 22 E where E mean error max mean 4 mean Mean triplet errors in XY plane should not be greater than half of pixel size multiplied by v 2 error by Z equals the mean triplet errors value in XY plane multiplied by the rati
28. See the chapter Additional measurement parameters e The Start button used for launch of tie points measurement procedure in automatic mode and performing of relative orientation To view the results of relative orientation operation open Relative orientation report 53 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 The Distributed processing button is used for automatic tie point measurement in the distributed processing mode Opens the Distributed measurement of tie points window to define number of tasks The selection of images is performed in different ways Set the tick opposite the image name to select a single image in the list Set the tick opposite the image strip to select all images of the single stripe in the list In addition the toolbar contains the following additional tools for images selection E allows to select all images in the list ae a allows to unselect all images in the list allows to invert image selection allows to select highlighted images B allows to unselect highlighted images Ba allows to select image from the list selected in the block scheme ig _ allows to select the images in the block scheme which were selected from the images list To highlight image in the list click its name in the list Use the Ctrl and Shift shortcut to highlight several images The following buttons are provided to open the additional windows in the
29. See the chapter Input and editing of film camera parameters To perform correct automatic interior orientation you should specify correct camera s axes orientation for images See the chapter Cameras management Algorithm of automatic interior orientation searches measures fiducial marks on project images automatically in accordance with specified fiducial coordinates type and interior orientation measuring Abovementioned parameter Fiducial coordinates type already contains an information on fiducial marks specific for camera selected marks numbering mark template and marks searching area The current system version supports fiducial coordinates types for the following cameras RC 20 RC 30 and LMK To perform automatic interior orientation click the button ti on toolbar or use menu command Orientation Interior orientation Automatic interior orientation After that the window allowing to make settings for automatic interior orientation procedure appears ioi x Project images be is fe 3 EE Ge mE Ole Gin ee Marks search parameters Rotation orrelation threshald RO 2O0 x cam O 0 80 A Mw Rog 586 RC 20 x cam OF Rog 555 RC 20 x cam 0 earch For marks Elw 10 Search images with int or already performed Rig sos RC 20 x cam 180 a Rid 506 RC 20 x cam 180 ransrorm type Rid sof RC 20 x cam 160 Rotation scale shift i Affine f Projective canal _ Automatic interior orientat
30. Statistics Project DSS_4strips Number of strips 4 selected for the report 4 Number of images 36 selected for the report 36 Report date 19 2010 11 23 09 Interior orientation Strips Images Number of selected images Complete Errors Not complete 11169369 11169411 11169669 1 1169630 0 11169909 1 1169952 0 0 11170250 11170211 0 0 Top N e ca wo mm l wo Strip 1 zl Image Camera Camera type Axes orientation Number of fiducials measured E Transform type Residuals RMS pix 11169369 DSS_digital SecA x cam Digital camera Eq 11169374 DSS_digital SecA x cam Digital camera 11169380 DSS_digital SecA x cam Digital carnera 0 11169385 DSS_digital SecA x cam Digital carnera Ea 11169390 DSS_digital SecA x cam Digital carnera 0 Q Close Report on interior orientation for digital camera 29 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 10 x aBa Se Interior Orientation Report for the Image 11169369 Back Refresh Report parameters Camera USS digital SecA x cam Axes arentation O Interior orientation complete Image size 4077 000 4092 000 pix 36 6930 36 8280 mm Pixel size 0 0090 0 0090 mm Camera type Digital camera Principal point position 2011 490 2072 090 pix Edit Rep
31. User Manual 2011 110 Aerial triangulation 2011 Exterior orientation import oj x Step 3 of 3 Additional actions Split block into strips by EO data W Create block layout by EO data I Adjust block based on imported EO data J Rotate images in black scheme by block layout coos C coe Target tasks window After import all the exterior orientation data are displayed in Exterior orientation data list If necessary it is possible to edit them to add new data manually or by importing additional exterior orientation data and then execute the Orientation Direct georeferencing command duplicated by the W button again After adjustment performed on the basis of the exterior orientation imported access their accuracy for example using ground control points The accuracy assessment methods descriptions see in the chapter Accuracy control of imported data Move to the project processing stage stereo vectorisation DEM creating orthorectification if the accuracy is satisfactory See Project processing User Manual Otherwise the imported exterior orientation data are used to make the block layout for further performing the procedure of ground control tie points measurements Then perform the block adjustment See also Block Adjustment User Manual 5 1 1 Format of PAT B file File of exterior orientation parameters of PAT B format contains adjusted coordinates of projection centers and rotation matrices
32. are used in the template Name image name 2011 108 Aerial triangulation 2011 X Y Z projection center coordinates Omega Phi Kappa rotation angles T GPS time The symbol is used to mark the columns containing data not to be imported To display the current template which corresponds to the table data push the button Validate template The column s types and number will be defined only for the rows displayed in the table The template field number will be equal to the maximum columns number in the table rows displayed To change the current template perform one of the following actions Using mouse drag the field name from the Available fields list onto the table column to define the column type The template in the Line template input field will be automatically changed Double click on the table columns cancels the field selection Change the template manually in the Line template input field The table column s types are changed automatically The Automatically validate template checkbox provides automatic selection of the current template on pressing the Next button So it is enough to define the table s to be imported columns types to set the Automatically validate template checkbox and push the Next button If the file contains rows with different columns number unselect the Automatically validate template checkbox and set the template manually in the Line template input field To defi
33. assignment Exterior orientation data import window Cancel The window is used to select and define the format of exterior orientation data file The File name row shows selected exterior orientation data file To select another file press the button Select the Loose matching of image names in file against names in project option if the names of the images in the file and in the project are not the same In this case the system will look for common substrings and try to match the image names For example the common 018 02595 substring will be found in the RGBI_018 02595 image name in the file and the 018 02595 image name in the project Specify the exterior orientation file format e PAT B matrix file containing projection centers coordinates and rotation matrices see chapter PAT B exterior orientation import file format Specify Negative if the PAT B file contains exterior orientation data for negative plane Push the Next button to move to the window Step 2 of 3 Import settings see description below e CSV text file which can contain projection centers coordinates rotation angles GPS time and other data In the case of CSV file import it is necessary to define the import file row format The Preview file table displays data from the file being imported arranged in columns The system tries to determine the column s types according to the template used in last flight line import procedure The following fields
34. dialogue for selection of raster file with map in main raster formats lat load vector map opens dialogue of vector file selection in DXF DGN or Shape format 2 load XYZ points from file opens dialogue of GCP coordinates file selection in TXT format and opens it as a table below the map window Point s coordinates could be loaded replacing opened coordinates or in addition to them after an appropriate warning save saves georeference file in Maplnfo TAB format at that file name is the same as map file name but with TAB extension al 1 1 al a zoom management duplicated by hot keys usual for PHOTOMOD system Alt 1 Alt Enter respectively i a shows zoom scale in raster map window 2011 50 Aerial triangulation 2011 ia map displaying in grayscale or color mode Tk For more convenient work the map could be rotated in following ways without rotation qi turn at 90 degrees i turn at 180 degrees and Wi turn at 270 degrees At that raster file is not changed and the rotation is executed on the fly las clear deletes all points list cleanup add point measures new point coordinates on the map and adds them to the end of list At that marker pixel coordinates are assigned to point and O value is assigned to geodetic coordinates you can enter them manually to appropriate cell by replacing text selected by mouse in this cell Ps delete point delete
35. ele a0 ey ey In the lower panel you will see stereo image correction tools Tools located in the right part allow to select left right or both images and also color channels which correction settings will be applied to Corresponding sliders allow to change image brightness contrast and gamma correction TO measure points in stereocomparator place marker on terrain surface removing X parallax using mouse wheel or horizontal arrows for moving left or right image Add new tie point using the buttons or of stereo window toolbar If calculated value of Y parallax for this point is not satisfactory maximal acceptable value of Y parallax is 1 pixel you should re measure the point using mouse wheel along with pressed Ctrl key or vertical arrows of left or right image for Y parallax removal Use the button to switch to moving marker mode to turn off stereocomparator mode or Ctrl F6 hot keys For tie points measurement in this mode use the following tricks for parallaxes removal rotate mouse wheel along with pressed Ctrl key to change marker s parallax rotate mouse wheel along with pressed Shift key to change horizontal parallax rotate mouse wheel along with pressed Cirl Shift keys to change vertical parallax a To measure points use the buttons and and keep under control Y parallax value et You can use correlation procedure by pushing the button R in the main toolbar of Points measurement w
36. geo referencing local coordinate system ukput coordinate system Cartesian Left Left Cartesian reference system Select Orientation left geo referencing local coordinate system m Import of GCP s The main application of the Import GCP catalogue window consist in setting of an imported template file to detect the type of data in the columns of the file and successful imported Data of the selected file are displayed in the Preview file list Table columns types are automatically set according to the template in the Line template field was used during the last file importing with GCP catalogue Note The symbol is used to mark the columns containing data not to be imported To display the current template which corresponds to the table data push the button Validate template The column s types and number will be defined only for the rows displayed in the table The template field number will be equal to the maximum columns number in the table rows displayed Line template Name X 2 il Start import From line fi ts Preview maximum fio 4 lines W Automatically validate template 37 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Current template for table data To set the current template performs one of the following actions Using mouse drag the field name from the Available fields list onto the table column to define the column type
37. images centers and rotation angles Note Projection centers and angles values are used in block layout creating along with other data selected in contrast to the By ext or mode that considers only exterior orientation parameters Adjustment Allows to use adjustment results if it is possible to perform block results adjustment Block layout created by block adjustment results is a final block scheme of project images Note When you use adjustment results along with other data for block layout creation the adjustment results take priority in this case l e if some block images have no adjustment results so other data selected in the Block layout window will be used during block layout creation Otherwise the other data is ignored and only adjustment results are considered For all modes of block layout creation the following functions are available with some limitations e Images scaling in a block layout with help of the Image scaling slider is used for visual estimate of images location without overlap 119 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 e Considering the ground pixel size GSD specified by a user or automatically calculated by DEM if any Click the Account for DEM button to specify GSD parameters See the chapter Using DEM data for block layout creation Warning You should have interior and exterior projection centers coordinates at least orien
38. its X Y Z coordinates X Y Z fields and accuracy values for each coordinate RMS X RMS Y RMS Z fields The Type field is used to set the type for a point Ground control default type or Check Control points are not used in block adjustment but are used to check the adjustment accuracy see also Block adjustment User Guide 2011 34 Aerial triangulation 2011 PHOTOMOD system works with plain height X Y Z plain X Y and height Z point s coordinates During input of Z or XY points in field with no coordinates 0 value appears by 2 default Use the buttons to exclude appropriate coordinates when input plain or HYZ height points the appropriate field becomes empty The button is used to input of all three coordinates You can edit the coordinates accuracies and point s type by clicking the appropriate field Beside manual input of coordinates values you can use coordinates import from text file see the chapter Import of GCP list After coordinate points input you can proceed to their measurement on images stage see the chapter GCP measurement The toolbar of GCP catalog window is used for the following operations enable editing mode for GCP GCP search by its name new point adding ah af x selected points deletion editing mode should be disabled Deletes points selected in the list along with all their measurements x deletion of all input GCP
39. ki synchronize markers on all images searches for the same marker position on all open images as on the selected image For synchronization you need block layout data So the more data used for block layout creation the more precise positioning of marker l e the main point of synchronization is searching for the same place on other images and positioning of marker there A open stereopair Select right image for specified left one use the button i in toolbar of the image window and two images of a stereopair will open in the Points measurement window EEr E correlate active image to left duplicated by the Space key Allows to measure a new point on two images using correlator For that you should set as a left one of images using the L button in image window toolbar and show by marker the points position to be measured On another image it is enough to show approximate point s position This tool opens the New point window It shows points code its default name that is editable using any symbols Below you can see images list left and active image with correlation coefficient of measured point At that if the correlation coefficient is not less than threshold value specified in the Parameters of points measurement Es window the active image will be automatically checked in the list If the correlation coefficient is too low bad point the image is marked in red As a result it is necessa
40. lines W Automatically validate template ield separators W Comma Tab J Space Semicolon Other ecimal separator Point only Point or comma 0906 4969967 SOO000 6444567 540000 130 340000 Drag a Field name From the list of available Fields on a grid column to assign column type Double click on grid column to cancel assignment pints with existing names f Replace i Skip Convert coordinate system Input coordinate system Cartesian Left Left Cartesian reference system Select orientation left geo referencing local coordinate system ukput coordinate system Cartesian Left Left Cartesian reference system Select Orientation left geo referencing local coordinate system m Template settings for imported file The text file shown in fig above contains 9 columns from which only 7 Name X Y Z StdDevxX StdDevY StdDevZ are suitable for import CODE TYPE columns type are excluded from the import and marked by symbol in the template Data import will begin from the second row because the first row represents the fields header The field separator is acomma the decimal separator point The button ia is used to return to template by default Name X Y Z After setting template for the imported file define the action in case of identical names of the imported GCP s and names of existing points in the list on the GCP s list tab of Triangulation points wi
41. mode with maker fixed in a screen center turns on by default at stereo window opening Duplicated by Ctri F6 shortcut _ switch stereo phase changes stereo phase or swaps left and right images Duplicated by F11 hotkey oe i adds new tie point without correlation move point into marker s position hi m _ delete measurement on stereo image Eh create epipolar images using points if possible You can create epipolar images for which Y parallax goes to zero when there are at least five tie points measured on a stereopair Be create epipolar images using adjustment results if the results are available bd show image control panels used for stereo image adjustment Then you can see names of images of opened stereopair and Y parallax value in pixels Y par in selected tie point This parameter is available only during points measurements in images overlapping area for stereopairs Image control panels are located in the lower part of the window and are used for images tuning and management of moving in the window Stereocomparator mode is used either for transfer of current selected tie point on adjacent if image by the button or for measurement of a new tie point on images pair by the button There are 3 groups of tools at the left and right part of stereo window bottom 1 0 2011 80 Aerial triangulation 2011 Left group of red arrows is used to move the eft
42. of marker The Edit point window is used to view edit coordinates of selected terrain point as well as estimate the correlation coefficient and select such images on which the new point will be measured I FE Correlate and move marker Rl Add point with correlation on the active image EF Add point with correlation on all images 2011 46 Aerial triangulation 2011 Edit point 2 0 x Code New point Mame 2 lw amp es2949 872703159 t mi 2311181 08908998 A mi W z 152 516854906519 A mi 2545 04355 Add point with measurements Add point without measurements Replace GCF with measurements Replace GCP coordinates Replace measurements only Close Enter the name of new GCP in the Name entry field Define coordinates which will be added The value of Z coordinate is displayed if the DEM has been used The list below estimate the correlation coefficient and select the images on which the new GCP will be measured The following options are provided for adding measuring of GCP po CButton Purpose Y Add point with measurements This button allows adding new GCP with coordinates in the Triangulation point list and measuring it on the selected images Add point without measurements This button allows adding new GCP with coordinates in the triangulation point list without measurement on the selected images Replace GCP with measurements This button allows replac
43. of the current template on pressing the Load button So it is enough to define the table s to be imported columns types to set the Automatic validate template checkbox and push the Load button If the file contains rows with different columns number unselect the Automatic validate template checkbox and set the template manually in the Line template input field To define the file rows number to display in the table set it in the Preview maximum lines input field To define the row number to start the data import set it s number in the Start import from line filed In the appropriate window sections set the file columns delimiter s type Comma Space Tab Semicolon or Other delimiters and decimal delimiter for the coordinates values in the file Point only Point or comma It s possible to set angles refinements from the camera calibration data in the Settings section To import flight line data press the Load button The Import flight path window will not close The data imported are displayed in the Exterior orientation data list Refresh the block layout push the By exter or button in the Block layout window see the chapter Block layout Note To create correct block layout the elevation range data are necessary which are specified in the project properties or during exterior orientation data import After block layout creating the time refinements to the images selected can be introduced Use the __ and buttons for t
44. open close the navigation window l _ scrollbars allows to show hide the scrollbars zoom in q zoom out zoom to fit duplicated by the Alt Enter shortcut e a show in the 1 1 scale duplicated by the Alt 1 shortcut f H L field that displays the scale of image in the window The scale can be set using the slider Moving the image in the Map window is performed using the mouse with the pressed Alt button panning mode The bottom part of the Map window contains the sliders for adjusting brightness contrast and gamma correction of images The status bar at the bottom of the window displays the coordinates of the marker on the georeferenced map 4 2 3 5 Raster map georeference For ground control point s coordinates acquisition it is helpful to use scanned and georeferenced topographic map for the same terrain which was surveyed for acquisition of aerial and space images processed in PHOTOMOD project Scanned map could be georeferenced using ground control points coordinates in PHOTOMOD Core 49 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 For raster image georeference use menu command Service Image georeferencing that opens the window Raster georeference This window allows to open raster map and reference it using known GCP coordinates Raster georeference D DocumentationDoc Photomod 5 0 eonpusaska __2620 E 1 jpg ree el FE QuQ gl BBa a
45. orientation measurements To do this select menu command Orientation Interior orientation Delete interior orientation data After that you will see the window allowing to select images where the interior orientation data will be deleted 3 4 Interior orientation of digital camera images When performing interior orientation of images acquired by digital camera you should input Cameras parameters correctly from the camera passport into appropriate fields of Camera window Please remember that all of parameters should be input in the same units in Camera window either in pixels or in millimeters You should also specify a point of origin position used to calculate a shift of a principal point and a point of symmetry Zero distortion point in lower left pixel or in the image center See the chapter Input of digital camera parameters Interior orientation of the image acquired by digital camera means measuring of principal point location regarding to center of left lower pixel of the image Then you should assign the camera to images and specify camera s axes directions for selected images in Cameras management dialogue window To perform interior orientation of images acquired by digital camera click OK in Camera window This will start interior orientation operation calculation of principal point coordinates regarding to lower left pixel center You can view interior orientation results by pushing the button E Report on inter
46. orientation parameters for images selected in the list Find opens a window for image search by its name x Clear all allows to clear the entire list Import opens the Import exterior orientation data window see the chapter Import of exterior orientation parameters Em Export allows to export the list with exterior orientation parameters to text files csv and txt Swap X and Y allows to swap coordinates values in X and Y columns for selected or for all images if necessary n Convert into another coordinate system opens the Convert coordinate system window where you can select different coordinate system for selected or for all images Set type of selected XYZ enables three coordinates X Y Z of projection centers of all selected images in case if any of the coordinates would be excluded G Set type of selected XY excludes Z coordinate of projection centers of all selected images The value of excluded coordinate is indicated with grey color and its field is available for editing After editing the value of excluded coordinate will be linked automatically will be used Set type of selected Z excludes X Y coordinates of projection centers of all selected images The values of excluded coordinates are indicated with grey color and their fields are available for editing After editing the values of excluded coordinates will be linked automatically will be counted in Set exterior
47. report the detailed report on selected stereopair measurements is opened The report contains tie points measurements on a stereopair calculated relative orientation parameters kappa angles discrepancies and uniformity of tie points distribution in standard zones 2011 102 Aerial triangulation 2011 5 x m EES Blo See also relative orientation report Back Refresh Report parameters Number of tle points 24 Vertical Parallax sorted by diminishing the residuals Image RUG so ileti Image RUS Sob fright Point om f e om f Limit maxi 0 707 0 707 z 30 0 0522 2487 0 0523 2489 a ro 0 0131 0 625 0 0135 0 641 42 0 0110 0 526 0 0109 0 518 ge BA 0 0102 0 465 0 0104 0 495 z eee 0 0084 0 402 0 0054 0 401 z Mate 0 0081 0 384 0 0083 0 397 Table of vertical parallax residuals for all tie points on selected stereopair The report allows to control accuracy of measurements of common points of stereopair images by vertical parallax residuals Red color shows values of vertical parallax residuals exceeding a threshold specified in Relative orientation report settings window Specified threshold is shown in the Limit max row of points table To edit erroneous tie point in Points measurement module click the i link Selected point is displayed on images of stereopair and highlighted in the list of the module
48. s2 735 0911 Points 31 45 47 fone 3 fone 4 Number of points 5 Number of points S Points 20 29 4o 53 Points Ib 2 33 a0 42 62 775 og To fone 5 Number of points 5 Points 12 10 40 2b 0 fone b Mumber of points 5 Points 14 30 46 61 66 Selected stereopair report Distribution uniformity data points To estimate points distribution uniformity the program analyses difference of points amount in each of 6 standard zones 4 5 2 2 Report for selected triplet After clicking on a triplet link in tables on the first page of Relative orientation report the detailed report on selected triplet measurements containing a detailed report on measurements data of all triplet points is opened The Tie residuals table contains triplet errors values in XY and Z for each triplet point The Limit max row displays acceptable thresholds for certain error type specified in Relative orientation report settings window RMS mean abs or maximal error Red color shows values of triplet errors exceeding the threshold 105 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 i x 10A RB SR Triplet RO9 S87 R09 S86 R09 S85 See also relative orientation report Back Refresh Report parameters Number of triplet points 5 Tie Residuals Paint Ex pix Ey pix Ez pix Exy pix Limit max 0 707
49. select file that matches images names in PAT B and PHOTOMOD This file stores images names numbers from selected files that contain geodetic coordinates of points and points measurements and also corresponding names of images in PHOTOMOD system ka Lister F PatB tatamap yes m EA Fie Edit Options Help 100 966 sc h ae 985 scup 984 sct 9835 scO8g 879 sce S88 sceeG S81 sci S82 scee ad sl rl 4 Sample of images numbers and names matching file Specify action if imported triangulation points names coincide with points names already existing in a project replace skip or rename Click OK Imported points will be added to triangulation points list 4 4 6 1 1 Format of file of geodetic point s coordinates 2011 92 Aerial triangulation 2011 The first column of file with points geodetic coordinates contains ground control point number and other 3 columns contain X Y Z coordinates of the point respectively Space or several spaces are used as a delimiter 1000 Y50100 276 231791 948 91 510 im 1001 3 926 420 192897 720 63 34 70 1o04 Yao9l 812 189558 542 89 400 1o06 737798 226 189093 007 Bs 770 loo 738314 0 70 188097 497 846 620 1010 Yao402 864 l88344 307 66 070 1011 P4se4o 702 231131 168 59 420 1012 748855 885 231150 194 58 990 1013 r31073 938 185601 147 B46 720 1015 731990 841 184879 545 7 060 1016 ror 9 305 162720 B81 69 840 10l 730973 796 181695 725 88
50. stereo vectorization DEM building orthoimage creation see Project processing User Guide See also the chapter Accuracy control of imported data Otherwise you should perform block measurement and adjustment stages at that imported exterior orientation parameters could be used for block scheme correction considered during block layout creation that would be helpful for GCP tie points measurement stage See also the chapter Relative orientation and ground control points measurement There are important conditions of successful import of exterior orientation parameters e correct results of interior orientation e defined values of minimal and maximal terrain heights Zmin Zmax in meters which should be specified either on project creation stage see Project creation User Guide or directly during import of exterior orientation parameters in Import exterior orientation data window Note If the terrain height difference on images block is more than 1 10 of flight altitude we recommend to use ground pixel size GSD to create block layout by imported data See the chapter Block layout Use the following operations order while using exterior orientation parameters 1 Import exterior orientation data see the chapter Import exterior orientation data window Import from UltraCam metadata and Exterior orientation data list 2 Perform menu command Orientation Direct georeferencing 3 Perform accuracy control of exterior orientation
51. this mode using are available By centers The mode allows to use projection centers coordinates of images for block layout creation when imported exterior orientation data is available You can refine block layout created by images centers coordinates as other data is collected using the Refresh block By ext or The mode allows to use only exterior orientation data projection centers coordinates and rotation angles for block layout creation when imported exterior orientation data is available The rest of data is not used In this mode only functions of image scaling and DEM 2011 118 Aerial triangulation 2011 layout ae button of the Block layout toolbar however projection centers data will underlie In this mode only functions of image scaling and DEM using are available Note The By centers mode is used for block scheme creation using UAV images 4 Setup the parameters of chosen mode Main parameters of block layout creation are available only in the By ties mode Parameters of the By ties mode Initial Allows to set in strip and inter strip overlaps in percent If images and approximation strips overlap size is almost the same for the entire block If overlap overlap sizes for the block images and strips is not the same or not very precise use another way for block layout creating for example manual matching of images Overlap size is used for a block layout first approximation initial b
52. to check results of aerial triangulation and control of measurements accuracy See the chapters Report on interior orientation and Relative orientation report e Block layout to implement visual control using block scheme that is created considering existed data or data collected during project processing overlap areas 5 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 sizes manual or automatic feature matching data imported exterior orientation parameters tie and GC points measurements etc See the chapter Block layout 3 Interior orientation The interior orientation procedure is used to find the position and the orientation of film coordinate system relatively to coordinate system of digital image Besides during interior orientation the parameters describing a systematic film distortion can be found The parameters defined in the process of interior orientation are used to transform measured image point coordinates from digital image coordinate system to film coordinate system Three types of transformation from digital image coordinate system to film coordinate system can be performed during interior orientation You can apply one of them depending on camera data entered to passport If during camera calibration fiducial marks data were measured in camera coordinate system calibration parameters Fiducial coordinates you can apply affine or projective transformations to mea
53. window sections are used to select points according to the following criteria By coordinates ground control o check o rejected ground points with known coordinates excluded from adjustment 3D horizontal and vertical o no coordinates points with coordinates not set ties By ties o single measured on one image only not measured on a stereopair stereopair measured on at least one stereopair triplet measured on at least one triplet strip tie measured in inter strip overlap non transferred tie points not measured on neighborhood images used tie points used in adjustment as ties o rejected tie points excluded from adjustment as ties Auxiliary o geodetic tie points which are not targeted and not projection centers o targeted o projection centers O O O O with changed type points type of which has been changed during adjustment In selected models only points measured on selected models are shown o atleast one points belonging to at least one of these models o all points belonging to all these models at once By residual value section is not available as it relates to adjustment only 4 4 4 3 Displaying points in 2D window 2011 Aerial triangulation 2011 tL The Orientation Load triangulation points duplicated by the button on the main PHOTOMOD Core toolbar command is used to display triangulation points in 2D window on block scheme or on a stere
54. 0 707 0 707 0 707 de 0 231 0 045 osso 0 236 EJ 46 0 065 0 313 0 603 0 319 oe 0 041 0 145 0 632 0 174 Ea a0 0 044 0 140 0 617 0 147 Ea 16 0 011 0 240 0 291 0 240 H 0 035 0 136 0 305 0 141 EJ 14 0 013 0 115 0 186 0 115 fo 0 002 0 206 0 013 0 207 o Limit for RAS 0 500 0 500 0 500 0 500 RMS 0 093 0 1855 oso 0 207 Wean abs 0 062 0 165 0 437 0 197 hax 0 231 0 313 0 850 0 319 Edit otereopairs ROS so ROS sob ROS Sob ROUS 505 nit Close To edit erroneous triplet point in Points measurement module click the link Selected point is displayed on 3 triplet images and highlighted in the list of the module At the bottom of the table you can see total values of triplet errors RMS mean abs and maximal for all measurements on a triplet Triplet errors are controlled for the type of error specified in Relative orientation report settings window 2011 106 Aerial triangulation 2011 5 Import of exterior orientation data Exterior orientation parameters are coordinates of projection centers and three angles that together define real position of images in space If exterior orientation parameters are available with necessary accuracy you can skip aerial triangulation stage and proceed right away to stereopairs processing
55. 011 62 Aerial triangulation 2011 Points measurement 2 1 1 9247 3317 10211 3001 77 2159 mm 96 3351 mm fA 1 1 5496 8639 10275 6692 1 6855 mm 98 1737 mm 1 1 190 797 10208 5418 75 8879 mm 96 2514 mm Triangulation points total 71 visible 71 A ypajxxvy vat Dga a a OO OOOO o a pee he e v Te Tor Tae To Ta im Tm Ta Tae Teee e meee J a 2 0 264 13 S Tie 2 2 0 001 15 15 Tie 2 2 0 008 ow 16 16 Tie 5 2 0 435 10 112 1 136 17 PEZ Tie 3 2 0 277 18 18 Tie 4 2 0 539 19 19 Tie 4 2 0 231 20 20 Tie 4 2 0 390 21 prel Tie 4 2 0 196 22 22 Tie 3 l2 fe 0 365 x Points easuremeni module combination of a windows Points measurement and Triangulation points Features of the Points measurement module Work in both windows is synchronized That means that during work in the module you will face the following e If you select a point on image by double click this point will be automatically selected in the list and B shown in opened images windows if it is measured on these images e If you select a point in the list by single click this point will be automatically shown in opened images windows if it is measured on these images e f you select a point in the list by double click or by the button Show point on images there are two cases possible o all images windows where the point is measured are opened o all images win
56. 1 4 WorldView 1 1 4 KOMPSAT 2 4 5 GeoEye 1 1 4 Cartosat 1 IRS P5 4 5 IKONOS 1 4 ALOS PRISM 1 4 2011 124 Aerial triangulation 2011 KOMPSAT 2 4 5 points number could be less Cartosat 1 IRS P5 4 5 if tie points measured in ALOS PRISM 1 4 quadruple overlap are used Ca 1 2 not less than 5 for check points a mi iwoieid overlapping area Number of Number of GCP s per Number of GCP s per GCP image stereopair Landsat 7 E TM Landsat 7 E TM IRS 1C 1D PAN IRS 1C 1D PAN IRS P6 Resourcesat 1 IRS P6 Resourcesat 1 ALOS AVNIR 2 7 10 ALOS AVNIR 2 7 10 minimum with which you can minimum with which you can start adjustment adjustment Number 5 7 check sais Number of tie Could be not measured Could be not measured points Note The recommended number of GCP s in the table is not absolute and in many cases may be determined by the requirements to a particular project from the customer Nevertheless we can say that the presence of check points is necessary for an objective assessment of the accuracy of adjustment 125 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia
57. 693 1590 220 0 701803818036 0 712291267625 0 010609006051 0 7 145665589608 0 701756676194 0 008260093953 0 001547103566 0 013366525673 0 999909440395 oA 0 000 596793 400 446677 490 1570 337 0 644060755136 0 719915537297 0 001134606603 0 7 1945596302 0 693697595055 0 033562516739 0 024949252531 0 022470092994 0 999435976005 020 0 000 599269 536 446306 326 1564 112 0 702033956712 0 7121530422975 0 002673052956 0 7 11555401200 0 701551541927 0 025604646235 0 020252567146 0 016212911610 0 999663430597 1 029 0 000 599765 511 445692 324 1592 102 0 691914675593 0 721972207256 0 003177 750245 0 721913079496 0 691904133059 0 010496490286 0 009776579165 0 004966610432 0 999939060964 File sample with exterior orientation parameters in PAT B format 5 2 Import from UltraCam metadata If image files contain UltraCam metadata files with md extension are created during images transformation to internal format using RasterConverter utility see General information User Guide or during images loading to project using menu command Add images from files see Project creation User Guide These md files are placed in the same location where transformed images are located 2011 112 Aerial triangulation 2011 You can extract interior orientation and preliminary exterior orientation parameters from md files for images loaded into project using menu command Orientation Import orientation
58. 9 4969846 56 49694 70 39 6444s 22 6444542 65 644447162 644456754 6444320 64 6443051 4 6442950 57 6442965 69 k p _ _ _ n e p Ground control points list All triangulation points tab displays a list of all measured points ground control check and tie with measurements data and toolbar used for search edit and visualization of measurements on images in Points measurement module 2011 12 Aerial triangulation 2011 Triangulation points total 70 visible 70 iol x 2i GCP list All triangulation points EENE AA 5 Lee m 1004 Ground Contral OT34 Ground Contral 0911 Ground Control fa z z z z z List of all triangulation points Description of tools of GCP list tab see in the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points Toolbar of All triangulation points tab contains the following buttons i h find point Opens the Search window that allows to search a point by its name Input point name partly or in full specify search direction and click the Find next button Found point is selected in the list In Points measurement module the found point is shown on opened images if it is measured on these images rina Find e Whole word earch direction re z 0 Forward Backward ase sensitive refresh list cose _ delete selected points from the list Use Shift and Ctrl for group selection of points a
59. 980 1020 735097 714 185049 3149 84 990 1022 i0228 fee ee8921 526 91 650 1o24 Ye9891 482 179153 277 69 770 1028 Yalo28 042 l ti 222 58 460 1030 ril71l8 725 228220 813 a7 840 1034 f42255 148 18 081 658 88 520 1036 f43012 894 185758 626 68 210 1039 DELEC T O69 197192 26l a8 780 1040 ril 49 685 225829 526 84 820 1043 20232 1268 196774 880 B8 220 1o44 726995 081 198021 404 G8 690 1o4 fa3249 6055 194675 020 B7 J20 1051 Po2 33 8609 22621 454 90 810 10453 739164 198 197998 542 89 140 1055 Yas4o0 80 199300 315 9 710 1057 Pas2oe8 fee eO0945 145 635 3560 1059 r368815 768 200044 153 83 630 1061 792985 382 223027 921 86 970 lo P4O0409 688 189910 717 S8 440 1066 r39719 441 187 109 347 68 1350 a loro Pos88o 930 223975 433 50 920 b A F Ja Sample of file with adjusted geodetic coordinates of points in PAT B format 4 4 6 1 2 Format of file of points measurements on images File with points measurements on images is divided into sections corresponding to each image The section is started from an image number which is followed by focal length value and 0 value Then you can see lines consisting of point name number its X and Y coordinates relatively to the principal point in mm or microns It is also possible to specify X Y coordinates relatively to the principal point in mm or microns or in pixels on image One or several space characters are used as fields delimiter The secti
60. Axes orientation 0 Interior orientation complete Image size 11262 000 11213 000 pix 236 5121 235 4631 mm Pixel size 0 0210 0 0210 mm Camera type Fiducial coordinates Principal point position 5632 311 5585 873 pix Transform type Shift scale rotation Number of fiducials measured 3 of 4 Coordinates from d camera calibration report Image measurements pix Residuals pix Residuals mm Fiducial mark A f gt ee eee Limit max 0 400 0 400 0 400 105 9990 106 0020 10691 000 549 000 0 056 0 312 0 317 0 0012 0 0066 0 0067 106 0030 106 0050 596 548 527 100 0 369 0 256 os 0 0078 0 0054 0 0094 106 0010 106 0030 573 635 10622 062 0 312 0 056 0 317 0 0066 0 0012 0 0067 pu SSSS OE ee ae Limit for mean abs Pe 0 200 0 200 0 200 value PO 0 261 0 236 0 367 0 0059 0 0049 0 0077 e x 0 002 oo cc 0 369 0 312 0 449 0 0076 0 0066 0 0094 Close iis ind Report on interior orientation for an image acquired by film camera Report on image contains information on camera parameters including pixel size mm and interior orientation data Measurements table shows e Acceptable maximal error resulting from specified value in report parameters if you specified limit for RMS or mean abs the acceptable maximal error is calculated automatically in pixels or mm e Marks coordinates taken from camer
61. Digital Paotogrammetric System Version 5 21 USER MANUAL Aerial Irrangulation G RACURS Te ACrlal miangulation Gala 2 3 ieiercccstietaieccccak ceed aeaa aa aaa a E TA EAA EAE 3 Bs WV OTK HOW orrena E ER 4 2 1 Controlof Stages DENOrning 22 eens eee E ee ties 5 Se Interior orientatiOi seseina onae aaea a oraaa a 6 SA intenor ornent on MENU stee ciate ocr anal aad aah sieht ee wees 6 3 2 Cameras Manageme Mle is 23cc52caa5 cen iekends obacaws cae deve ta iaiesode ede hcetaewi ida ass Lagiad a eaheeweid ks T 3 2 1 Input and editing of fiim camera PALAMetels 2 cece eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeettees 9 3 2 2 Input of digital camera PAVAMECHECMS 022 cccccccccccenecceetenneennneeeneeeesseeonneceetteessnaneeeens 11 3 2 3 Cameras parameters import and CXPONT occ eee eee e teen ee eneeeneneetnntteneeeeeeeeeeeees 16 3 3 Interior orientation of film camera IMAGES cccccccseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeesseeeeesaaeeeeeas 17 3 3 1 Manual measuring of fiducial MALKS ccccseecccsseeeccesnseeccaeeessanseessaaeeeessaeeessaneessanes 18 3 3 2 Semiautomatic interior OFICNATION cccccccccecceeeeeeccccccceecceceeeeeceeeceeeeeeeeesensessenssesnnnass 20 33 3 AULOMAUC Interior ONCNIALION ustostscveciic cae tapibeen Saahiesatescnges tae E EA AAE OAE AA EA E aoins 23 3 4 Interior orientation of digital camera images ccseeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaas 25 3 5 Report on interior Orientation
62. K delete all triangulation points clear the entire list use selected points as ties if these points have been excluded before The corresponding column shows for the points The excluded GCP will be used as tie only after this operation To make such excluded point used as GCP its type should be changed to Ground Control on GCP list tab h do not use selected points as ties i e exclude these points from relative orientation calculation The corresponding column shows for the points The points are not deleted When a GCP is excluded it is excluded completely both as tie and as ground control assign numeric names to selected points rename points import of triangulation points from PAT B X Points format and import from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT file See the chapter Triangulation points import export of triangulation points to PAT B and X Points format See the chapter Triangulation points export El Display on images the point selected in the list duplicated by the double click on the point in list In case the Triangulations points window is open without Points 13 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 measurement window the Points measurement module opens At that if the Automatically choose images containing point option is turned on see chapter Parameters of points measurement then all images with the measured point as well as image
63. Project processing User Guide Use the following data to perform aerial triangulation e interior orientation parameters determine location and orientation of image coordinate system in relation to digital image coordinate system Images interior orientation is obligatory stage e Relative orientation parameters results of triangulation points measurements on images of a block e Results of ground control points measurement on images of a block see also the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points e Exterior orientation parameters measured by GPS IMU on board systems Exterior orientation parameters are coordinates of projection centers and 3 angles that together determine real images location in space If you have exterior orientation parameters you can import them see the chapter Import of exterior orientation parameters In case of satisfying accuracy of imported exterior orientation 3 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 parameters proceed immediately to processing stage stereovectorization DEM building orthomosaic creation see Project processing User Guide Otherwise you should define more exactly images location in space using tie points i e perform Relative orientation as well as using ground control points 2 Workflow Workflow data collection for creating of strip or block aerial triangulation networks Coordinates of projection cen
64. See chapter Points filter 69 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 show overlap areas ey fill overlap areas oo i A oa show zones on overlap areas allows to display 6 standard zones in overlap areas recommended for tie points measurement 4 4 1 1 1 Windows of opened images In Points measurement module all selected images are shown in separate windows A 1 1 4260 0000 9207 3333 28 6608 mm 76 3493 mm Image window in the Points measurement module Each window with image contains a toolbar and shows image s name in upper part and in lower part status bar Depending on settings of points display measured points are shown on image in certain way Tools for points display are located in the main toolbar of Points measurement window Buttons of image window toolbar are similar to main toolbar buttons but all operations are applicable just to image of selected window A zoom in image in selected window duplicated by the key q zoom out image in selected window duplicated by the key a show image in original size 1 1 in selected window duplicated by Alt 1 shortcut fit image to window in selected window duplicated by Alt Enter shortcut E center image on marker in selected window T add a tie point with measurement on selected image to marker position duplicated by the key 37 add or move se
65. a passport in mm X Y e Coordinates of measurements on image in pixels X Y e Values of discrepancies between passport data and measurements in pixels and millimeters Ex Ey Exy e Residual value specified in the report parameters e Mean RMS and maximal error values Ex Ey Exy in pixels or mm calculated for all marks The values that exceed acceptable residuals are highlighted by red color Thus red color in report always shows the following 2011 28 Aerial triangulation 2011 e errors on all marks by selected error RMS mean or max and by residual value specified in report parameters e errors on each mark by residual value on maximal error The Edit link allows to open Interior orientation window for the image where you can re measure fiducial marks and re calculate the interior orientation Besides the upper line of the report contains the following links Back to return to previous window of a report Refresh to refresh a report after changing of some its parameters Report parameters opens window to edit the report parameters In case of digital camera there are no fiducials on images and the report shows information on whether or not the interior orientation was performed camera parameters and principal point coordinates calculated relatively lower left pixel center la xl 10A BB SR Interior Orientation Report Back Refresh Report parameters A Block
66. alibration if camera allows to perform survey with different resolutions After you have completed correct input of digital camera parameters you can immediately perform interior orientation See the chapter Interior orientation of digital camera images 3 2 3 Cameras parameters import and export You can import camera parameters from x cam file of file system or from active profile resources To start camera parameters import from files resources open the Camera window from oe pm iy Cameras management window using the button New camera or and select menu commands Import From file or Import From resource Edit camera In case of importing from file the Load camera window is opened You should select necessary file with camera parameters with x cam extension on local network disks i e exterior file which is not a resource of active profile and push OK All parameters of selected camera will be loaded to appropriate fields In case of importing from file the Open window is opened where you can see a tree of active profile resources Select the file from resources with camera parameters with x cam extension and push OK Files with cameras parameters are stored by default in Cameras folder in each profile project All parameters of selected camera will be loaded to appropriate fields To perform camera parameters export select menu commands Export To file or Export To resource in Camera window
67. asurement errors manually in the Points measurement module see the chapter Manual measuring of triangulation points or select other filtering parameters e g by setting up more rigid acceptable error thresholds and start automatic measurement once more Refresh the block layout considering measured ties Change parameters settings if necessary and re start automatic ties measurement for further collecting of tie points measurements Repeat steps 3 4 4 3 2 Performing of automatic tie points measurement To perform automatic tie points measurement do the following Use the parameter presets or specify manually all the basic actions parameters for searching measuring and rejection of points in the Automatic tie point measurement window as well as additional parameters to estimate the basic parameters and a more fine tuning in the Tie point measurement parameters window launch automatic points measurement operation by clicking the Start button in Automatic tie point measurement window open Relative orientation report used to browse relative orientation results and edit measurements 2011 52 Aerial triangulation 2011 4 3 2 1 Automatic tie point measurement window To perform tie points measurement in automatic mode click the F button in the Triangulation toolbar or choose Orientation Automatic tie point measurement The appropriate window opens Note The Automatic tie point measurement window allows usi
68. atest seed siti E E 52 4 3 2 Performing of automatic tie points measurement cece eee eeeeeeeeeeteteeeeeeenees 52 4 3 2 1 Automatic tie point measurement Window ssssssseoeeereesssssssssssssscerrecrreresssssssssssseeeereeeo 53 4 3 2 2 Additional measurement parameters cccccccccsssssessseeeseeeecceceeeeeeeeeeaaaesseseeeeseeeeeeseeeeeaeaas 56 4 4 Manual measuring of triangulation points cccceccccceeeeeeeseeeeeeaeeeeeeseeeeeeeaeeeeesaeeeeesaaes 62 4 4 1 Points measurement module cceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaaaaeeecseeeeeeeeeeesessaaaaaaaeeees 62 4 4 1 1 Main window of Points measurement Module cc ceeeeesesessenteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 65 4 4 1 1 1 Windows Of opened images scvisccc desu corteigsnisceesckapseasaeeteuss hiwindieass steiaieu wie eee 70 44 1 2 Thangulation points WING OW scnsicoisctas duwieaancastoues doutenmewansesabdasdomaneane vena dautednase OERE AE 72 4 4 1 3 Parameters of points measurement eeeeeeeeessssssssssseeeetteersssssssssssssceeteeresssssssssssseeeeeeeeo 76 4 4 1 4 Analysis of autocorrelation coefficient cc ccseesseeesseeeeeceeeececeeeaaaaeeeseseseseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaas 71 4 4125 Measuring cotrespondent Point SCareh area merien a aE Ai 1J 4 4 2 Points measurement workflow issue cesses cece taits Satiton soebedeien ut rsaateidet sannceeedeniencstaneceteeciet 78 4 4 2 1 Points measurement ON a strip stereopalf ccceeeeesessseeeececceeceeeeceaeeaseeee
69. aya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 iok Import Export Standard cameras Camera InfoMap RE 20 x cam amera type 0 Digital iducial marks Fiducial coordinates Fiducial marks template Forcal 153 4060 length mm RC20 camera hed Calibration dake M 18 06 2008 ar Principal point mm ae 0 0050 105 9990 106 0020 iie fo oosa 106 0030 106 0050 Description 106 0010 106 0030 106 0040 106 0060 Distortion 4 directions x Point of symmetry zero distortion mm a c 0080 ui fo o010 4 0 600 20 0000 0 600 0 500 0 600 0 100 3 5 30 0000 0 400 0 300 0 700 0 300 40 0000 0 100 0 300 0 400 0 400 20 0000 0 100 1 000 0 100 0 600 60 0000 0 500 0 800 0 500 0 700 70 000d 0 300 0 500 0 200 0 400 80 0000 0 800 0 100 0 200 0 500 30 0000 0 100 0 300 0 700 0 500 x sH wE t w wm cnet Film camera parameters e Camera input arbitrary name of camera Camera type specify camera type film or digital see the chapter Input of digital Camera parameters Focal length input focal length in mm Calibration date input date of camera calibration Principal point input principal point coordinates in mm Description camera description that is helpful to identify the camera and projects in which it has been used e Fiducial marks is selected according to the available camera calibration data
70. can be calculated incorrectly because of erroneous points The probable rotate of images can be prevented Turn on the filtering of measured tie points by the values of the angle rotation In this section the value of angles in degrees for each of the elements of the stereo pair can be changed Then tie points which lead to excess of threshold values of the angles after the recalculation of the images relative orientation would be filtered It is not recommended to use this method of rejection for blocks in which the images can actually be rotated to each other In this case the correctly spaced tie points would be removed Push the OK button for returning in the Automatic tie points measurement window after setting the presets Push the Start button for starting the searching measuring and rejecting of points in automatic mode Open the Relative orientation report for viewing and editing results of the automatic tie point measurement 61 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 4 4 Manual measuring of triangulation points PHOTOMOD system allows to perform tie points measurement in manual mode to measure ground control points to edit erroneous measurements acquired by automatic points measurement For these operations the system offers Points measurement module which provides a wide range of possibilities for triangulation point s measurements and performing relative orientation
71. click Open The window Import measurements from X Points format with operation parameters appears Define a rule of matching images names in x points file with images names in a project select matching by names by codes or use file of correspondence Import measurements from X Points format Match images From file to images in project By name By code C Use correspondence file O x a When poink name already exists 0 Replace i Skip Rename OK Cancel Specify an action to be performed if imported triangulation points names coincide with points names already existing in a project replace skip or rename 2011 94 Aerial triangulation 2011 Click OK Imported points will be added to triangulation points list 4 4 6 3 Triangulation points import from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT To import triangulation points catalog from PHOTOMOD 4 x project execute menu command Orientation Import Import tie points from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT XPT file selection window will open the file should be before head created using PHOTOMOD 4 x points catalog export to xpt command Select file and press OK The imported points will be added to triangulation points list 4 4 7 Triangulation points export 4 4 7 1 Export to PAT B For export triangulation points measurements to PAT B format use menu command Orientation Export Export tie points to PAT B or corresponding command from drop down menu of the button i
72. coefficients Radial input a set of distortion values depending on distances from the principal point 4directions input a set of distortion values along the axes of the image coordinate system 4 directions X input a set of distortion values along the diagonal directions 8 directions input a set of distortion values along the axes of the image coordinate system and diagonal directions When entering the distortion data you should input the point of symmetry coordinates zero distortion point in mm and the distortion data in microns in either as a table or a formula The screenshot above shows the example of distortion data along diagonal directions Directions orientation is shown on scheme to the right from distortions table You should input to each table row distance from the point of symmetry radius first column and distortion values the distortion values in the other columns corresponding to the different directions To add delete or edit lines use the set of buttons below the table e 74 _ Add line to the table Ctrl Ins shortcut JE Delete line selected in the table Ctrl Del shortcut B Change sign z BS Multiply by 1000 to multiply distortion value by 1000 use it to put distortion values in the table to microns 3 e _ Divide by 1000 to divide distortion value by 1000 use it to put distortion values in the table to microns Note Positive distorti
73. control 8 100006 6 10060006 06 106060 4 2590158 7 0000 583583 50 06000 2 930060 4 check 6 100006 6 100000 06 106060 5 258688 04 17 06000 6584652 12 00006 8 930060 5 check 6 100006 6 100006 6 106066 2586532 33 0000 65384598 97 0000 7 02 0060 control 8 10060066 6 10060006 6 10606 f 258497 0 460000 6582674 090000 5 6060 7 control 1000066 6 100006 6 106066 8 2586651 65 00060 65827148 936608 22 9S 0668 8 control 0 100606660 060 100000 06 1680606 9 2588212 340000 653 08 68 260600 19 220006 9 control 10006660 6 16000606 6 100066 4i Ay Example of GCP catalogue export to text file 4 2 2 GCP measurement After GCPs coordinates input you should recognize and measure ground control points on images GCP measurement is performed in Points measurement module For measurement and editing of GCP in Points measurement module it is recommended to use the All triangulation points tab since the list shows measurement data you can sort it to find unmeasured points etc See also the chapter Triangulation points window Selecting of ground control point for measurement Select GC point in the list of Triangulation points window and click the button Ey Show point on images duplicated by double click on selected point At that if the orientation has been already performed in geodetic coordinate system e g by projection centers and after measuring of 2 3 ground control points all images whic
74. d x View position of selected point in the list on image where it has been measured and on image where it has not been measured Start of Points measurement module To open Points measurement module use the following menu commands of Orientation menu item duplicated by buttons of Triangulation toolbar ooo e Open selected images for measurement duplicated by the button 444 opens Points measurement module and windows with images selected in Block editor or 2 D window ooo e Open images containing marker duplicated by the button JAn opens Points measurement module and windows with all images containing a position of marker placed in 2 D window OU e Open in strip stereopair duplicated by the button opens Points measurement module and two windows with images of stereopair selected inside a strip If you selected one image you will get opened its adjacent right image in the strip by default if there is no right image left image will open 0 e Open inter strip stereopair duplicated by the button U opens Points measurement module and two windows with images of selected inter strip stereopair If you selected one image you will get opened its adjacent lower image by default if there is no lower image upper image will open See also description of Main window of Points measurement module and Triangulation points window Relative orientation procedure 2011 64 Aerial triangulation 2011 Aft
75. data Block adjustment results Perform block adjustment if there is data enough Block layout created using adjustment results represents a final block scheme with coordinates accuracy obtained on the adjustment stage See Block adjustment User Guide optional Digital elevation model DEM or ground pixel size GSD if available Block layout is created considering pixel size on terrain GSD specified by a user or calculated automatically from DEM data GSD influences on images sizes during block layout creation See the chapter Using DEM data for block layout creation 6 2 Block layout creation Perform the following actions to create a block layout 1 Collect and define data to be used for block layout creation See the chapter Data for block layout creation Choose Windows Block layout or click the button of the main toolbar The Block layout window is opened 117 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Block layout Mode By ties 4 C By centers BE R Lia Initial approximation overlap 65 kA wW 45 kA i QuickTies Edt Tie points GC points Imported exterior orientation Account for DEM Projection centers and angles Projection centers only ResetGSD Adjustment results Image scaling Parameters of block layout creation 3 In the Mode panel choose one out of three modes of block layout creation or
76. ded to match all images with each other in a strip and then to match strips with each other 2 It is recommended to set at least two links for each stereopair and two links between strips 3 Pairs of the same points should be selected in different parts of images in strips Note If there are precise and constant enough overlap areas within images block it Is necessary to have a little manual matching data for block scheme refinement For example if overlap area between stereopairs in all strips is constant you can match only strips 2011 122 Aerial triangulation 2011 1 1 48 Cxema 6noKa BeBe IAQMARQhs p Mapkep QuickTies Cxema Gnoka 34232 000000 15464 000000 0 000000 Manual matching of images Manual matching procedure includes the following actions 1 Choose Orientation QuickTies Edit duplicates the Edit button in the Block scheme window After that the QuickTies active layer is created in the Layer manager 2 Set edit links between images using the following way e To link two points on the images place marker to selected terrain point of the first image and press Insert then place the marker to corresponding terrain point of the second image rubber line appears directing from the first point to the second and press Insert again Links added are shown in the 2D window by blue lines e To cancel added link after specifying the first point press the Esc key at that the rubb
77. dows where the point is measured or could be measured with marker located in position of supposed measurement are opened See also the button description in the chapter Triangulation points window In example on figure below the point is already measured on 5 images and one image is opened where it could be measured 63 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Points measurement K 209_587 x Q Q Q q amp T 5 i L R09_586 x q a a q gt Oe ee a saosan An a a eee ee f i 1 i be 3 wy gt K Aa i an ae ve AT Ef i T a Se re SL ad vie ae te a a G Jai a a 1 1 10067 7170 5979 8227 93 2034 mm 8 3826 mm 1 1 6634 8904 4899 5218 21 7861 mm 15 3749 1 1 2929 7397 4396 7867 56 8133 mm 24 8473 mm a Py F 4 ra i i r 4 x eC gt 42 f A pe oF Sa Ty ae tg Fi UN a m ae y per ia wf be t ws T Soe amis Pia e k ae i Sa z i ai f o MA i ae 5 2 1 1 10019 0000 9901 0000 93 4018 mm 89 8033 mm J 1 1 6267 9385 9982 2400 1 1 1 2732 2379 9911 4431 60 3417 mm 89 9850 mm ai a x te A E show pont onimaces i mm E 3 1 z 2 52 E 2 0 957 53 53 Tie 4 2 S 3 0 952 0 468 o ey 54 54 Tie 2 1 z 0 986 0 548 cal 55 S5 Tie 3 1 z z 0 920 0 115 0 029 1 179 56 56 Tie 3 1 0 966 0 128 0 826 1 445 ra o7 Tin 2 1 nner oi
78. dule and triangulation points lists See chapter Triangulation points window the following menu commands are provided e Orientation Clear point catalogue for deleting all points and their measurements ground control check and tie abe e Orientation Delete point measurements duplicated by the ir button in AT toolbar and the Points measurement module toolbar for deleting points according to certain criteria It opens the Delete point measurements window Delete point measurements Selected images with point measurements Select points 7B EB 36 aE Ce ee Fe By measurement type all Strip points CO Roo 586 a n Ties on selected images a02 7 Isolated O rid sos On stereopairs CO R10_s06 On triplets C R10_507 With non adjacent measurements Interstrip points Allinterstrip ties Interstrip ties For selected strips Ties on selected images With non adjacent and isolated measurements On stereopairs On triplets Symbols On stereopairs isolated and non adjacent By measurement mode Manual Automatical Additionally Excluded as tie Also All without measurements on images Delete mode elete measurements of selected points tf All On selected images By coordinate type Tie Ground control Only non adjacent and isolated Check elete For points with coordinates Excluded as control x f Measurements only all i Points completel
79. e Bad point message is shown 6 Add the GCP using correlator The window provides the following tools to do this 45 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 po Button Prpose This feature allows searching the corresponding point on the active images using the correlator and moving the marker to the obtained point If the correlation will be satisfactory the marker falls into the obtained point Otherwise the Bad point message is shown Select another terrain point on raster map This feature is used to adding measuring of GCP on the image in the active window The search of corresponding point is performed when the button is pushed If the correlation will be satisfactory the marker falls into the obtained point and the Edit point window see description below Otherwise the Bad point message is shown Select another terrain point on raster map This feature is used to adding measuring of GCP on all opened images in the AT module The search of corresponding point is performed on all images when the button is pushed If the correlation will be satisfactory the marker falls into the obtained point and the Edit point window see description below Otherwise the Bad point message is shown Select another terrain point on raster map H l This feature allows quick adding the new GCP i Add point without correlation without correlator into the location
80. e coordinate system of the web service or Reproject into coordinate system 4 2 3 2 Searching corresponding GCPs on images Before the adding measuring of GCPs select the visual ground sign on the map and set the marker in this place and then define the corresponding terrain point on the project images Searching of the corresponding terrain point on the images is performed as follows The presence of measured Actions GCPs in the project and or the presence and use of the exterior orientation data The project lacks for measured In the AT module select and open the project images containing GCP and Exterior orientation E data the selected terrain point using the F button Next manually define this terrain point on the opened images of the project using a marker The project already has the Use the synchronization tools to search the terrain point on the measured GCP at least 2 project images points and or the external orientation data were used for block layout creation F e Push the 2 Synchronize marker button in the Map window to automatic search the corresponding terrain point 43 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 on the images opened in the AT module If necessary specify the location of the marker on the images p Push the E Synchronize marker with images selection button in the Map window to search the corresponding terrain point on the all
81. e open triplets in Points measurement module You can sort the list by any column To do it click corresponding column header Error residuals after relative orientation Recommended acceptable threshold for correlation coefficient is 0 9 0 95 Maximal Y parallax should not exceed pixel size Acceptable residual for maximal error in triplets could be calculated using the following formula E 22 E where E mean error max mean 4 mean Mean triplet errors in XY plane should not be greater than half of pixel size multiplied by V 2 error by Z equals the mean triplet errors value in XY plane multiplied by the ratio of focal length f to survey basis b in image scale See below E 2 0 5 pxl mean Ex E mean b mean 15 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 4 4 1 3 Parameters of points measurement PHOTOMOD system allows to search and measure tie points identical points on images pair automatically using correlation algorithm The algorithm compares the corresponding fragments of images by maximal relative correlation coefficient Points measurement settings x fv Show report after Finished editing M Automatically choose images containing point correlator Correlation matrix halfsize jiz ts x fiz A pix Contrast point search area f A pix Corresponding point search area 100 pix Correlation threshold For point measurements 0 96 For mark
82. e system delete points above the quantity specified by the Points per stereopair parameter in the Automatic tie point measurement window sorted by the Y parallax in descending order The tie points are evenly deleted if the Filter points by zones option is checked It is recommended to use after the initial tie points measurement for UAV project X parallax clipping number of points with minimal and maximal x parallax relatively to total amount of points which will be deleted You should apply this rejection method if erroneous points are dispersed clearly along stereopair basis if for example a 59 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 highway with bright marking goes in parallel to survey basis and correlator puts points on marking line elements which do not correspond with each other The Miscellaneous tab contains some additional settings which are not needed to change frequently Tie point measurement parameters ol x Search for points Number automatically measured points starting with U auto Minimum distance between ponta pix Fixed search sequence Use automatic black layout results Points per stereopair means Points to add per session f Target number of points on a stereopair Minimum trusted points group size Maxinun spread radius within trusted points group Maximum points bo use filtering by trusted group Stereopairs
83. e the tie points on recognizable terrain details Such points are referred to as targeted points below Measuring of a tie point means its stereoscopic measuring on both images of a stereo pair at the same time or on several images which contain the point Stereoscopic measuring can be performed manually in Relative orientation module see the chapter Manual measuring of triangulation points in three following ways e by manual positioning of the point on each of two images e by manual positioning of the point on one image and transferring the marked point to another image with correlator e by manual positioning of the point in stereo mode in 3D space e by automatic positioning of the point on both images using correlator Besides tie points can be measured in full automatic mode on selected images of a block See the chapter Automatic tie points measurement Note Ideally for relative orientation executing you should combine two methods automatic measurement with bad points filtering and manual mode for editing of measurements acquired in automatic mode and adding of new points to obtain satisfactory results Automatic mode provides a range of possibilities to perform relative orientation of block images combinations of a number of parameters for tie points measurement transfer and filtering using different criteria that can bring satisfactory results even without manual measurements When using only manual proced
84. e using calculator in the Set GSD value panel Prior to use calculator detect image pixel size in micron manually or from project data by clicking the From project button and survey scale After that the GSD input field is updated automatically When the GSD input field is filled click the Set button The GSD value is shown in the table for selected images e You can clear GSD values by clicking the Unset GSD button After that the GSD column in the images table will contain symbol 4 Click the Apply button to save acquired GSD values 5 For block layout creation using GSD data click OK in the Ground sample distance GSD window and then click the Apply button in the Block layout window The block scheme will be re created considering specified GSD data if ties GCP and adjustment results are not used for block layout creation Note If the GSD data is not available during block layout creation you can use the value of terrain heights difference specified in the project properties see Project creation User Guide 6 4 Manual matching of images Data of manual images matching is used for initial block layout building Manual matching means manual collating of images by approximate identifying with accuracy at least of several hundreds of pixels of two pairs of corresponding points for each pair of adjacent images in 2D window During manual matching operation you should consider the following recommendations 1 At first it is recommen
85. easurement errors Ex and Ey will be automatically calculated and saved to the last column of the list below the map To edit coordinate value in table cell you should select the cell and press F2 To end editing and save coordinate press Enter to exit from editing without coordinate save press Esc When georeference is completed push the button B save to save georeference file in Maplnfo format You can use georeferenced raster map to add points on project images See also the chapter Adding points from a raster map 4 3 Automatic tie points measurement PHOTOMOD system provides performing of tie points measurement and relative orientation in automatic mode Automatic mode uses correlation algorithm for tie points search and measurement 51 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Automatic mode of tie points measurement provides ample opportunities for relative orientation of images block choice of optimal parameters to measure adding and filtering of tie points using different criteria allows to reach required accuracy and substantially reduce time of project processing on relative orientation stage Repeated ties measurements in automatic mode along with correction of parameters values as well as manual mode using for measurements refining and errors handling guarantees excellent results on block adjustment stage 4 3 1 Working order and terms Automatic tie points measurem
86. eeeeceeeeeeeeeeaeaaaeas 78 4 4 2 1 1 Measuring new points ot5k mc catins casein as ensuatiecs haem oie aa ata 78 BAD lL Irans CTT US CASTE DOS ir E E N andes E maaan 78 4 4 2 2 Points measurement on a stereopair between strips sesssssssssssssssceeereessresssssssssssseeeeereeo 78 442a POMS measure mentin tipletS esson a 78 gA A Workin WN WS aon sich oe ahh us arse a ease aden a N 78 4425 Working m O WANG OWS ereas tispe abd es ecmeces deans tasoudaeetenhalaned uauaadentaaniesdieets 79 4 4 3 Points measurement IN stereomode ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaaaeeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeesaaaaaaaaaeeees 79 AAA TISDIAVING DONS penas AA E 82 AA AG POL SY MIDOIS kesesa EEE 82 aE A ea 0 181 ES CH E E Bane RO eT Oe ee E O E ee ree 83 4 4 4 3 Displaying points in 2D WINdOW ccccccccccccccccceeaeeeeseesssseeeeceeceeeeeeaeaaaaaessseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeaaags 84 4 4 5 Point measurements CElCTON 11 2 2 cccccccccececececececccccesecsceeaesenscscaeaesenstseaeaensnenseseaenes 87 Aerial triangulation 2011 4 4 5 1 Import of flight line TG sacaseaesncesnaauecontanosiarnananeanaanonte seas uneaegutdgnnsuaeandneoasoneeeneannenbateumienantast 89 4 4 6 Triangulation points INDOLE csccccccsneecccsneeeecsueeecsauusecssauueessaueeessauenessauaeessaaanessaaanes 91 4 4 6 1 Import from PAT B eessseessssssssseeenensssssssssssssseeeeeressssssssssssseerreessssssssssseererresessssssssseseesseeeo 91 4 4 6 1 1 Format of file of geodetic point s coordinates
87. eeseeeeseeeeaeeeseeeeseeesaeeees 107 Vid Foma Ol AC senais re E E E EE EE AEAEE 111 5 2 Import from UltraCam Metadata cccecccccecccecceceeeeececeeeeeceeseeceseeeeeseeeseeeeeseneeesaees 112 5 3 Extenor ONCMlatiON data Siessen eaaa aE 113 5 4 Accuracy control of imported data ccceccccccseeceecseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeaeeeeeeseeeeeesaaeeees 115 0 BIOCK TAY OUI enini esse oatenesinastsuanescenccsntuicentactens 116 6 1 Data for block layout CreatiON cceecccceeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeeesaaeeeeeas 116 6 2 Block AVOUT CIE AU OM sneren EE EAA 117 6 3 Using DEM data for block layout creation ccccecccccseeeeeeseeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeseeeeeesaeeeeeeas 121 6 4 Manual matching of images cccccceececececceececeeeeeceeeeeceaeeeseaeeseueesseseesseeeeseaeeesaneeees 122 Ta PTOJECI NPO acip ne E E EEA 123 7 1 Number of GCP recommended for relative orientation of space images 6 124 1 Aerial triangulation data After project creation and block forming when project images are loaded and adjusted you can proceed to data collection for creating of strip or block aerial triangulation networks Once all necessary initial data is collected you can perform block adjustment see Block adjustment User Guide The result of images block creation and adjustment is determination of images exterior orientation parameters which are used for further photogrammetric processing see
88. el size marker coordinates on the image in pixels and in millimeters and marker coordinates measured considering distortion in mm After all fiducial marks on the image have been measured you should select a transformation type to be applied Select one of transformation types from a list in Transform type panel e Rotation scale shift e Affine e Projective See also the chapter Interior orientation Apply Push the button Ito perform interior orientation 19 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 As a result of interior orientation you can see residuals values Ex and Ey in mm between input and measured coordinates in fiducials table Acceptable value of maximal residual error should not exceed a pixel size You can perform accuracy control and obtain more details on interior orientation results of the image by pushing the button which allows to view a report on interior orientation See also the chapter Report on interior orientation When you have finished fiducial marks measurement on at least one of the block images you can perform interior orientation for the rest of images in semiautomatic mode See the chapter Semiautomatic interior orientation 3 3 2 Semiautomatic interior orientation Before starting semiautomatic interior orientation process you must perform manual interior orientation at least for one image see the chapter Manual measuring of fiducial ma
89. eletion After deleting GC point measurement from images ot using the button m only the point measurement is removed the point with its coordinates remains in the list e Entire GC point deletion When deleting GC point measurement from the list using the button K the point is removed entirely from the system measurement is removed from images the point is removed from the list along with its coordinates Search for a point in the list To search for a point in the list click the button Ph In the opened Find window input GC point name number into Find field and after that the appropriate entry will be selected in the points list Moreover you can acquire GC points coordinates from scanned and georeferenced raster map vector map or DEM for the same territory which was a subject of airborne or space survey More details about raster map georeference see in the chapter Raster map georeference about obtaining of GCP coordinates from raster and vector maps in the chapter Adding points from a raster map and Adding points from a vector map Measuring control point on map The program provides the function for obtaining the coordinate of control points from the georeferenced base for example raster and vector map or DEM covering the same area as the project images and measuring on the project images See chapter Measuring control point on map 4 2 3 Measuring control point on map If external data covering the same area as pr
90. ent procedure requires the following data interior orientation of all images that will be used in automatic tie points measurement see the chapter Interior orientation Note It is highly recommended to perform interior orientation since otherwise most filtering parameters will be not applied during automatic ties measurement and thus the quality of relative orientation in automatic mode is not guaranteed Block layout Note The sufficient condition for start of tie points measurement in automatic mode is creating of initial rough block layout considering for example images overlap data and or manual matching data Nevertheless the more data is considered for block layout creation the more accurate is block scheme and correspondingly the better results of automatic ties measurement Working order on ties measurement in automatic mode includes the following operations Create block layout considering available data see the chapter Block layout Set up parameters of points measuring transfer filtering and start automatic ties measurement see the chapter Performing of automatic tie points measurement Estimate relative orientation accuracy to detect tie measurement errors see the chapter Relative orientation report Note For relative orientation accuracy analysis you can also perform block adjustment and estimate errors of tiles measurement on the Images tab see the Block adjustment User Guide Remove ties me
91. er line disappears e To delete a single link select it by double click or by pressing the S key The line linking matching points becomes yellow and you can click Delete to delete it To delete multiple links use group selection tools in the appropriate toolbar e To delete all manual matching data choose Orientation QuickTies Clear 3 Choose Orientation QuickTies Save to save manual matching data Note manual matching data is saved automatically after block layout creation and at the end of PHOTOMOD session 7 Project types PHOTOMOD system allows creating the following types of projects depending on type of processed images Central projection to process aerial or space images obtained by photo camera and Scanner survey to process space images obtained by scanner IKONOS QuickBird GeoEye WorldView SPOT ASTER IRS Resours DK etc You can select a project type during the project creation see Project creation User Guide 123 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 When processing central projection images obtained by photo camera PHOTOMOD system works with images blocks For blocks of images you may perform total photogrammetric processing Projects of Satellite scanner imagery type have two subtypes depending on survey type you can create in PHOTOMOD system monoblocks or stereoblocks of space images If a set of images is not a stereo product i e the i
92. er measuring of each new tie point relative orientation of images is performed automatically vertical ag is calculated for measured points To view relative orientation results push the button Report in the list window The relative orientation report is opened in read only mode and according to parameters specified before in the Relative orientation report settings window See also the chapter Relative orientation report You can also open a report with relative orientation results only for opened images Use for that main toolbar button of Points measurement module 4 4 1 1 Main window of Points measurement module Main window of Points measurement module is intended for displaying measuring and editing of triangulation points on opened images Here you can measure points and change point s position on any image re measure it manually or using correlator in mono or stereo mode Points measurement QAAE Ee S LIBES SQOBl t Al HI Ele rk RB Sn mml e be B Ee A 84 E A CEN TETEE eCe T og 4o io i JE 2 1 1 9247 3317 10211 3001 77 2159 mm 96 3351 mm 2 1 1 5496 8639 10275 6692 1 6855 mm 98 1737 mm is 1990 7977 10208 5418 75 8879 mm 96 2514 mm Main window of Points measurement module The window contains main toolbar and windows of selected images each of them displays image and its name and contains its own toolbar and status line Main toolbar buttons of Points measurement window are used genera
93. er movement 0 60 Multilevel correlator TR Correlator parameters The window contains common parameters Show report after finished editing opens a report after clicking OK button in Points measurement module Automatically choose images containing point this option defines the behavior of the El Show point on images button in the Points measurement module When it is on image containing point measurements as well as not measured but predicted point positions are opened otherwise only images containing existing measurements are opened Using the El button with Alt key pressed the effect of this option is inverted The following parameters are related to using correlator for tie points measurement arts a tools E and R of the main window of Points measurement module Correlation matrix halfsize allows to setup a size of correlation matrix by X and Y axes expressed in pixels Contrast point search area defines an area in pixels where point with maximal contrast will be searched for The parameter is useful for example if initial raster data contains significant percent of monotonous areas Corresponding point search area defines an area around marker in pixels where the correlator will search for a point corresponding to the point on the left image Correlation threshold this value is defined depending on initial image quality The system searches for corresponding points which correla
94. es selection in the list e button invert images selection HE button select highlighted images mE button cancel highlighted images selection og button select images in the list selected in block scheme in 2D window ia button selected in block scheme in 2D window the images selected in the list j button In order to select an image click image s name in the list To select several images hold Ctrl and Shift keys After images selection you should specify one of the following transformation types e Rotation scale shift e Affine e Projective See also the chapter Interior orientation To perform semiautomatic interior orientation push the button Start You can perform accuracy control and obtain more details on results of image interior orientation by pushing the button i which allows to view a report on interior orientation See also the chapter Report on interior orientation Semiautomatic interior orientation window also contains buttons used to open the following windows Cameras management the button re Manual measuring of fiducial marks manual measuring of fiducial marks the button E Automatic interior orientation the button i 2011 22 Aerial triangulation 2011 3 3 3 Automatic interior orientation You can perform automatic interior orientation of images acquired by film camera if Fiducial coordinates type is specified in the camera s parameters
95. for an image are selected using time but not the image number The time format of the project images must correspond to one of the flight line time To import flight line data execute the Orientation Import Import flight line menu command The Import flight path window will be opened 89 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Push the EA button to select flight line data CSV file Select the Show CSV parameters check box to set the flight line file row format Import flight path MFlight path file File name WProjectz1 PhSData2 PhSTest Projects Beluga_Group Beluga4 080315 csv _ 8 x Jv Show CS parameters Load Line template Start import From line f s Preview maximum fio s lines M Automatically validate template Available fields Field separators Comma Jv Tab Space I Semicolon Other Decimal separator Point only Point or comma Preview File Projectz1 PhSData2 PhSTest Projects Beluga i a ae cs 40 36811 2008 03 15 12 36 25 64 51972 40 36811 2008 03 15 12 36 26 64 52063 40 36606 2008 03 15 12 36 27 64 52139 40 36503 2008 03 15 12 36 25 64 52194 40 36400 2008 03 15 12 36 29 64 52250 40 36300 Drag a field name from the list of available fields on a grid column to assign column type Double click on grid column to cancel assignment Settings Adjust time For Adju
96. from UltraCam metadata At that for each camera used in the project camera file with name of camera s serial number is created in the project For exterior orientation import it is necessary to specify global coordinate system and value of heights difference of terrain see the chapter New project and Project properties in Project creation User Guide After selecting the command the Import orientation from metadata window is opened Import orientation from metadata E _ Oj x J Import interior orientation Replace existing data J Import exterior orientation Replace existing data After import of orientation data from metadata you can split a project into strips using exterior orientation menu command Block Automatic block splitting By external orientation data calculate rotations in block scheme menu command Block Rotate images by block layout adjust a project using imported data menu command Orientation Direct georeferencing and in case of satisfying accuracy see the chapter Accuracy control of imported data proceed to project processing stage see Project processing User Guide Otherwise perform aerial triangulation 5 3 Exterior orientation data list Exterior orientation data list is a list of imported or manually input exterior orientation parameters coordinates of images projection centers as well as omega phi and kappa angles that determine image position in space and is used for input
97. g of raster map A SN Push the Load georeferenced images button The Loading images window opens Select the raster map file and push the Open button The Load georeferenced images window opens If necessary choose coordinate system transformation corresponding to the project coordinate system If the raster map contains background on the edges then select transparent background for such areas Push the OK button The new raster layer appears in the layer manager and the loaded raster map displays in the working area of the Map window Loading of vectors Bown Push the Load vectors button The Open window opens Select the vector file in the resources of active profile convert if necessary the coordinate system and push the Open button The new vector layer appears in the layer manager and the loaded vector data displays in the working area of the Map window Push the eN Load DEM button The Open window opens Select the DEM file in the resources of active profile and push the Open button The new DEM layer appears in the layer manager and the loaded DEM displays in the working area of the Map window Loading of DEM Loadi f web j lang O Nee ilar Push the 5 Load web map button The Load web map window opens Select the WMS data source in the Source list Define the working area to load web map In the Reproject panel define the coordinate system for loaded web map Auto reproject into project working coordinate system None us
98. h may contain selected point are opened The marker on the images is located in place of supposed measurement i e the system performs automatic marker positioning to current point neighborhood Otherwise if there is no orientation performed select and open needed images for new GC point measurement by clicking the button i4 Add images in the Points measurement window See also a description of Main window of Points measurement module 2011 40 Aerial triangulation 2011 Points measurement QAAE est EER SOO 54 e FT HE PRR Pl A Se OB eae B QAAE A S i L Rioso AQAA ME FHS L Roso a B 49 ioli 2 leelo EES FB p mm x vi 14 z eo om m m Tie E F 2 1 z F f 0 994 Cancel OT31 Ground Control 3 1 0 979 0 086 pas 51 Tie 2 1 0 953 ed 2 Tie 4 2 0 934 0 026 58 Tie 4 2 0 941 0 388 hi GCP measurement without correlator GCP measurement General workflow of GCP measurement in Points measurement module is the following e Select GC point you want to measure in the list e Select images containing this point in the Points measurement window if the point is located in overlap zone e Measure the point by one of the following ways measurement without correlator Use it if the point is located on the ground and is well recognizable on all images Show by the marker its precise location on images Push the button Add
99. hapter is in development 4 4 2 1 1 Measuring new points Note This chapter is in development 4 4 2 1 2 Transferring existing points Note This chapter is in development 4 4 2 2 Points measurement on a stereopair between strips Note This chapter is in development 4 4 2 3 Points measurement in triplets Note This chapter is in development 4 4 2 4 Working in 4 windows 2011 78 Aerial triangulation 2011 Note This chapter is in development 4 4 2 5 Working in 6 windows Note This chapter is in development 4 4 3 Points measurement in stereomode Sometimes it is convenient to measure GCPs check or tie points in stereo mode for example when points are located on vertical objects such as edges of roofs columns etc or on the elements which are visible just on one image in mono mode like on the bottom of inner corner of the building Points measurement module allows to perform measurements in stereo mode for selected stereopair You can use two methods of stereo measuring in moving marker mode in fixed marker in stereocomparator Stereocomparator is set by default To open stereo image window select two images left and active that have overlap show by marker two identical points on these images and push the button EE in main window of Points measurement module By default stereo image for the whole working area of Points measurement window is opened i e instead of all opened images w
100. he 2D window See the chapter Manual matching of images Tie points For tie points collecting you should measure the same terrain points on images with predefined accuracy in automatic mode or manually in the Points measurement module Accuracy of relative images location on a block layout depends on the measurement accuracy and tie points number For example for initial block layout you may measure a few ties between images and use them instead of manual matching data for more accurate matching As precisely measured tie points are collecting the block layout accuracy is increasing See the chapters Automatic tie points measurement and Manual measuring of triangulation points GCP if available For using of GCP for block layout creation input their coordinates and measure them on images of a block in the Points measurement module Block layout created by GCP represents a block scheme in a real coordinate system See the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points Exterior orientation parameters if available projection centers coordinates and three angles which define in total a real location of images in space You should import exterior orientation parameters into PHOTOMOD system to use them for block layout creation Block layout created using exterior orientation parameters is images projection considering real coordinates of projection centers and rotation angles See the chapter Import of exterior orientation
101. hould not exceed a half of pixel Approximate ratio of mean maximum error and root mean Squared errors eee 2 L RMS V2 E where E a mean error E maximal RMS root mean squared error mean mean The Additional parameters tab is used for specifying the additional report parameters e Show residuals with fixed point format or in exponential format e Show residuals with normal high or maximal precision 2011 26 Aerial triangulation 2011 Report on interior orientation x Main parameters Additional esiduals Format Fixed point Exponential Precision f Normal Higher C Maximum a Additional parameters of report on interior orientation After you click OK the report containing general information on interior orientation operation is opened Here you can see what strips and images are passed interior orientation and what part of the procedure has been completed There are also shown values of errors of fiducial marks measurements acceptable from specified threshold point of view BS 6R Interior Orientation Report Back Refresh Report parameters Block Statistics Project InfoMap Newgen Number of strips 2 selected for the report 2 Number of images 6 selected for the report 6 Report date 19 2010 11 15 06 Interior orientation Strips Images Number of selected images Eea Complete Errors Not complete 9 ROS_S87 RO9_S85
102. image in direction corresponding to selected arrow duplicated by Shift arrow keys of the keyboard Middle group of grey arrows duplicated by arrow keys of the keyboard is used to move both images together Right group of ight blue arrows duplicated by Ctrl arrow keys allows to work in the same way with the right image Moreover you can change right image scale using additional buttons on the right group of arrows o Ay zoom in right image scale on 5 or along with pressed Shift key on 1 e a zoom out right image scale on 5 or along with pressed Shift key on 1 11 Reset right image zoom The Step slider is used for adjustment of move sensitivity and is applied to mouse move mouse wheel rotation and actions of keyboard arrows Move step is changed from 0 1 to 20 of current screen pixel size which depends on current zoom level For quick selecting of the current step value use keyboard keys Ctrl 0 Ctrl 1 Ctrl 9 Steering wheels are used for images rotation Left steering wheel is intended for both images rotation by clicking on the wheel field or entering rotation angle value into numeric field And right wheel for right image rotation If you would like to restore the initial image position use double click on the numeric field Besides you can adjust the image brightness contrast and gamma correction for a single image or both images of a stereopair For that press Shift F8 shortcut l D m le
103. image in the block left up down or right e gt to switch to previous or next unmeasured image opens Manage project cameras window na opens Semiautomatic interior orientation window ea opens Automatic interior orientation window opens Report on interior orientation p to delete all fiducial marks measurements on current image opens Marker settings window allowing to adjust shape size and color of marker In Image information and Camera information panels you can see general information on the image and camera parameters 2011 18 Aerial triangulation 2011 In status bar you can always see the scale of the image shown in main window or lens window and marker coordinates in pixels When you have measured 2 fiducial marks the status bar will show also the marker coordinates on the image in mm the marker coordinates on the image in mm considering distortion and pixel size in mm Scroll bars in main window and lens window are turned on and off with Ctrl F8 hotkey The procedure of fiducial marks measurement and interior orientation perform Select image using the buttons a i l Ba me The table with X Y coordinates of fiducial marks in millimeters taken from camera passport will be shown at the lower part of the window After interior orientation is completed for cameras with known fiducial marks coordinates the table will show fiducial marks co
104. ime arrangement along the flight line according to value in the Adjust time for selected images field 4 4 6 Triangulation points import 4 4 6 1 Import from PAT B For import of GCP and tie points measurements from PAT B format use menu command Orientation Import Import tie points from PAT B or corresponding command from drop down menu of the button in Triangulation points window After that the Import measurements from PAT B format window is opened 91 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Import measurements from PAT B format Oj x File with point coordinates D PAT BLOpath xyz File with measurements C pix mm mem jf Refined camera coordinates File with list of correspondent PAT B and PHOTOMOD image names When name already exists f Replace i Skip f Rename cnet Import measurements from PAT B format Select File with points coordinates with xyz txt csv extension format description see in the chapter Format of file of geodetic point s coordinates Then select File with measurements with mea txt csv extension Define measurement units used in image coordinate system pixels mm or micron If the coordinates are corrected for distortion and principal point offset you should select the option Refined camera coordinates Format description see in the chapter Format of file of points measurements on images If necessary
105. import edit of these data To open the list use menu command Orientation Exterior orientation data list duplicated no by the button EE in the main toolbar of PHOTOMOD Core or in Triangulation toolbar The Exterior orientation parameters window is opened Exterior orientation parameters i ioj x AA XX te B wO azr 2 AK Code Name Time Type XYZ X M Z M Std dev X m Std dev m Std dev Z m Type angles Omega deg Phi dec 1 R09_567 Control 4970632 9904790 64435970 8461920 912 7422090 0 2000000 0 2000000 0 2000000 Control 0 603772098 2 05044 2 ROS 566 Control 4970249 6762270 6443984 3912680 908 1648580 0 2000000 0 2000000 0 2000000 Control 0 171218892 1 3062 3 ROS 585 Control 4969857 0118370 6443999 6189660 904 8951660 0 2000000 0 2000000 0 2000000 Control 0 367427965 1 5335 4 4970604 0955230 6443435 6757880 0 267401124 0 3319 5 R10_506 Control 4970193 4346350 6443440 4775280 925 3053310 0 2000000 0 2000000 0 2000000 Control 0 908901939 6 R10_S07 Control 4969782 4604430 6445446 4985330 921 5826220 0 2000000 0 2000000 0 2000000 Control 1 761255242 oe b OK Reset Apply The window toolbar contains the following buttons 113 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Edit mode allows to edit values of list fields Code and Name fields are inaccessible for editing Hai K Clear selected allows to delete exterior
106. import of GCP list from text file see the chapter Import of GCP list export of GCP list to text file see the chapter Export of GCP list swap X and Y coordinates for selected or for all points rE recalculate coordinate system for selected or for all points KL I Y use all three coordinates for XYZ points by default It is used to restore excluded coordinates values if one of two types were applied to a point Z or XY point is used for a planimetric points it excludes Z coordinate the Z coordinate value is shown in grey color The field is editable After editing of the excluded Z value it is automatically turned on i e it will be involved into adjustment a is used for a vertical point it excludes X and Y coordinates the coordinates values are shown in the appropriate fields in grey color The fields are editable After editing of the excluded X and Y values they are automatically turned on i e they will be involved into adjustment HYZ i i Laul opens the Set control points coordinates accuracy window used to associate accuracy values RMS by XY or Z coordinate to all or to selected GCP find measure selected point The button click is duplicated by double click on selected point Shows GC point in Points measurement module on images where it is measured or shows the images where it can be measured with marker located in the place of supposed measuring If the point is not meas
107. in latter case Correlation threshold the minimal acceptable value of correlation coefficient for tie point to be accepted during automatic search Recommended value is 0 9 0 95 In contrast to all other rejection criteria this parameter influences on point measurement and transfer process directly Check for exceeding of correlation threshold is performed only for new points if there are already measured points To check all measured points for exceeding of correlation threshold usually at final stage you should select additional option Delete points with correlation below threshold on the Rejection tab in Additional measurement parameters window Maximum vertical parallax in pixels or millimeters threshold value for rejection executed after points measuring transfer On each step of rejection process the program searches for the point with maximal Y parallax on the stereopair and rejects it After that it makes relative orientation once more and the iteration is executed until maximal Y parallax exceeds the parameter specified here or until 6 points or less remain on stereopair Recommended value is a pixel size 55 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Maximum error in triplets in XY plane and by Z in pixels millimeters or meters threshold discrepancy of points measurements on adjacent stereopairs in triple overlapping zone of adjacent images in a strip Use the follo
108. in the Complete field e number of stereopairs and triplets which contain errors exceeding specified acceptable threshold in the Residuals field e number of stereopairs and triplets where relative orientation is not completed in the Not complete field If relative orientation inside a strip is performed with errors its results are highlighted by yellow Strips without relative orientation performed are highlighted by red Below you can see tables with all stereopairs and triplets for each strip A table of strip stereopairs contains a list of stereopairs and statistics of measurements for each stereopair e amount of common points on left and right images of a stereopair e values of vertical parallax RMS maximal or mean absolute value for all measurements of a stereopair e information about non uniform points distribution in overlap area e discrepancy of kappa angle with block scheme Yellow color shows stereopairs with measurements errors red color stereopairs without relative orientation performed Additionally accuracy errors themselves are shown by red color depending on the following parameters specified in the Relative orientation report settings window number of points measured on a stereopair is less than specified values of vertical parallax that exceed a threshold points distribution non uniformity discrepancy of kappa angle exceeding the angle specified A table of triplets shows a number
109. indow for automatic point positioning on the right image relatively to its current position on the left image You can use additional hot keys during stereo measurements 81 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 F2 Adjust depth tunes stereo image in such a way that marker will be located on the screen surface will have zero X parallax F3 Restore depth restores previous value of image depth F11 Reverse phase swaps direct and reverse stereo effect F6 toggle between fixed marker mode and moving marker mode 4 4 4 Displaying points Triangulation points may be displayed in the following windows e In the windows of the Points measurement module The module contains tools for controlling points visualization including setting up the symbols for different types of points as well as filter for showing only certain types of points See also description of tools in chapter Main window of Points measurement module e In 2D window over the block layout or a stereopair Measured points may be loaded in 2D window with symbol customization and filter available as well See chapter Displaying points in 2D window e On schematic block layout in the Delete points measurements window for clearness when deleting points See chapter Point measurements deletion 4 4 4 1 Point symbols For customizing point symbols the ie button is provided in the Points measuremen
110. indow contains the following tools c ot _ Loading of raster map Window allows to select raster format file in the Windows file system TIFF JPEG BMP IMG PNG NTF GIF PIX JP2 DEM see chapter Preparation and loading of georeferenced data Al _ Loading of DEM Window allows to select the DEM in the resources of active profile for obtaining Z coordinate from it see chapter Preparation and loading of georeferenced data c amp Loading of vectors Window allows to select the vector file in the resources of active profile see chapter Preparation and loading of georeferenced data D _ Loading of web map Window allows to select source of geospatial data of WMS standard and load web map covering selected area see chapter Preparation and loading of georeferenced data p e _ Search the marker position in the windows of opened images Searching of area specified on map using marker on the images in the opened windows of AT module The use of the tool to search points is possible if the projects images already 2011 48 Aerial triangulation 2011 have measured GCPs at least 2 or block layout is built by exterior orientation data see chapter Searching of the corresponding GCPs on the images p e I _ Search on the project images the searching of terrain point on all images is performed The use of the tool to search points is possible if the projects images already have measured GCPs at leas
111. indows If you hold down the Shift key while clicking the button stereowindow will open with size of two windows of images selected for displaying in stereo mode If you hold down the Ctrl key while clicking the button stereowindow will open with size of one window in position of the left image Click Esc to close the stereo window Se IRE LES TEZEI eek PB EAEE AQaamee Pa SMILE ROP 586 E Ea A lt gt A nE z vi w oy E v pix mm Stereo image in stereocomparator mode Stereocomparator mode allows you to move images by mouse with pressed left button while the marker is static and located at the middle of measuring window The main 19 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 advantage of this kind of stereo measurements is that you can position the marker with sub pixel accuracy At that the pixel size depends on the current zoom and the marker moving step is defined by the sensitivity slider located at the bottom of the window Another advantage is that stereocomparator mode is available for adding or transferring tie points both in the stereopair overlapping area and in the inter strip overlapping area Main tools of stereo window oe zoom in stereo image A zoom out stereo image S show stereo image in original size 1 1 E fit stereo image to window center stereo image on marker comparator
112. ing coordinates of selected point in the triangulation points list and re measuring it on the images Replace GCP coordinates This button allows replacing only coordinates of selected point in the triangulation point list without editing of measurement Replace measurements only This button allows re measuring point selected in the triangulation point list on the images without editing of coordinates 7 f necessary edit the GCP in the AT module after its adding measuring 4 2 3 4 Map window Main purpose of the Map window is the georeferenced data loading raster and vector maps DEM to use for adding and measuring of GCP on the project images The Map window opens using the S button of main toolbar of AT module 47 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 p Marker all Vectors Triangulation points E dem10m DEM H 2620 E 2 Raster Block scheme O L E L gg ag oo o amp ead wal eal alk 8 co A Raster lan YO gGrag s Regaine i le 4 F s eer COU o e in G p521 9 206447 m 2310510 055281 mi 131 477544 m Map window All data opened in the 2D window are displayed in the working area of Map window The Map and 2D windows are fully synchronized by content On the right is the manager layer window for managing these data and a navigation window for quickly moving to necessary data The top part of w
113. int symbols Bi display names display point name labels only when the points are also visible W l show XY coordinates 2 show Z coordinates Current mode indicated at the top of the window may be one of the following e Georeferenced block scheme all point positions can be shown e Non georeferenced block scheme point positions in source and adjusted coordinates and corresponding error vectors are not available only measurements and mean position on block scheme are shown 2011 86 Aerial triangulation 2011 e Stereopair only measurements on left and right images of the stereopair as well as positions in source and adjusted coordinates are shown mean position in block scheme is not available In stereopair mode arrows are shown in addition to a point symbol indicating the ties with neighborhood images In modes 1 and 2 the source coordinates display vertical and planimetric vertical control and check points in the mode 3 only planimetric vertical points are displayed Besides a vector layer can be created from triangulation points by carrying out the Vectors Create layer from triangulation points command so that the points can be used e g for TIN creation along with other vector layers See the Project processing User manual 4 4 5 Point measurements deletion Apart from the points deleting tools in the Points measurement module see chapter Main window of Points measurement mo
114. ints The following point types may be selected for deleting By measurement type point type is determined by the entire block not by selected images All points of any type on selected images according to the coordinate type measurement mode and delete mode e Strip points Ties on selected images in strip tie points on selected images i e having two or more measurements on selected images inside a strip Isolated points having only one measurement among selected images On stereopairs stereopair tie points including those having non adjacent measurements inside a strip On triplets all triplet tie points including those having non adjacent measurements inside a strip With non adjacent measurements in strip tie points having at least one non adjacent measurement e Interstrip points All interstrip ties all interstrip tie points having at least one measurement among selected images Interstrip ties for selected strips interstrip tie points having strictly all measurements on selected images Ties on selected images interstrip tie points having two or more measurements on selected images With non adjacent and isolated measurements interstrip tie points having no stereopair measurements On stereopairs interstrip tie points having stereopair measurements but having no triplet isolated or non adjacent measurements On triplets interstrip tie points having
115. ints of Bx a project ground control check and tie Duplicated by the button i of the main toolbar of PHOTOMOD Core and Triangulation toolbar e menu command Orientation GCP list In Triangulation points window the GCP list tab will be opened where you can see a list of all input ground control points of a j project Duplicated by the button of the main toolbar of PHOTOMOD Core See also the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points e during opening of Points measurement module The Points measurement window is displayed in the lower part of the window See the chapter Points measurement module Triangulation points window consists of two tabs GCP list and All triangulation points GCP list tab displays a list of ground control points with their coordinates and accuracy of their measurement on terrain Toolbar buttons are used for input view search edit import export of points and visualization of selected points on images in Points measurement module See also the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points Triangulation points total 70 visible 10 oO x gt GCP list y All triangulation points SS dh t x Bp xe wzw zg Ground Contral Ground Control Ground Contral Ground Contral Ground Contral Ground Contral 1009 Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control 497 10s 2 497071075 4970201 36 4369867 5 4369403 12 4370965 6 ro 49702114
116. ion window Select images to perform interior orientation Right part of the Project images window contains a list of all project strips and images and tools for images selection To select image in the list check box to the left from the image or strip name in the latter case you will select all images of selected strip or use upper toolbar buttons that allows to do the following 23 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 FM select all images in the list B cancel all images selection in the list o HE invert images selection Select highlighted images Of cancel highlighted images selection a select images in the list selected in block scheme in 2D window e te selected in block scheme in 2D window the images selected in the list In order to select an image click image s name in the list To select several images hold Ctrl and Shift keys Upper toolbar of the left part of the window contains buttons used to open the following dialogues Cameras management where you can control camera s axes direction on images and adjust cameras parameters to perform automatic interior orientation correctly the et button Manual measuring of fiducial marks for manual measuring of fiducial marks the E button Semiautomatic interior orientation to perform interior orientation in semiautomatic mode the ii button Report _on_ interior orienta
117. ior orientation You can perform or recalculate interior orientation using the button E orientation Calculate interior orientation or menu command Orientation Interior 3 5 Report on interior orientation Report on interior orientation provides detailed information about selected parameters and calculation results of interior orientation and allows to keep under control the interior orientation quality To view interior orientation report push the button E or select menu command Orientation Interior orientation Report on interior orientation The Report on interior orientation dialogue window is opened 25 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Report on interior orientation iol x Main parameters Additional how report 0 All images Selected images Threshold For interior orientation residuals fo 5000 fe pix f RMS C mm Mean abs value Max care Main parameters of report on interior orientation This window contains two tabs where you can setup main and additional parameters The Main parameters tab is used for specifying the following report parameters e Show report for all images or for selected ones e Setup a threshold on interior orientation residuals for RMS mean or maximal errors in pixels or mm Residuals calculation If your images were scanned using photogrammetric scanner mean absolute value Eea s
118. ith the principal point In Cameras window input the following values 2011 14 Aerial triangulation 2011 O x i Camera editor Camera Help Exit Derg Camera 558 x cam ee amera type oink oF origin f Digital Film f In image center Focal length mm 34 9950 In lower left corner 13 01 2010 a 0 2430 We fo 2440 Calibration date Principal point mm Description Pixel size micron be 2 000 Ti 3 000 Yr F Distortion Radial wi Point of symmetry zero distortion mm Mi 0 2430 Yi 0 2440 dR micron 1 0000 0 022 2 0000 0 180 3 0000 0 607 4 0000 1 441 0000 2 033 6 0000 4 897 7 0000 7 703 o 0000 11 559 on OS ma Faa T aa A a 17 mua sH wH t wt i Input parameters of DSS digital camera Camera type Digital Point of origin in image center Pixel size 9 micron Focal length 54 995 mm Principal point shift of principal point coordinates from image center X x p 0 243 mm Y y 0 244 mm e Symmetry point coordinates of zero distortion in Distortion section the same as principal point coordinates e 0 243 mm e Y 0 244 mm 15 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 e Radial distortion according to camera passport Note Survey should be performed with the same camera resolution and focal length that were used during camera c
119. justment ie allows to set the adjustment parameters perform block adjustment and display the adjustment results to view and correct them see Block adjustment User Manual Adjustment in batch mode lt gn allows to set the adjustment parameters and adjust the block without displaying the adjustment results and to view and correction of residuals see Block adjustment User Manual Direct georeferencing allows to adjust the block from the imported exterior orientation parameters see the chapter Import of exterior orientation data Delete adjustments results allows to delete all the adjustment results see Block adjustment User Manual 33 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 e Import exterior orientation allows to import the exterior orientation parameters if any see the chapter Import of exterior orientation data e Import orientation from UltraCam metadata allows to import orientation data from UltraCam metadata See the chapter Import from UltraCam metadata e Create images georeferencing files allows to export the georeferencing data after the preliminary exterior orientation or block adjustment into the ArcInfo World File and MapInfo TAB files format e Import contains menu items that allow to import triangulation points measurements from files of PAT B and X Points format and from PHOTOMOD 4 x projects XPT as well as to import the flight li
120. lected point measurement to marker position duplicated by the Ins key 5 move a point along tie error vector 2011 70 Aerial triangulation 2011 move point along GCP error vector delete measurements of selected point on the image duplicated by Del key Ee ge select image as left duplicated by L key Left image is used to move points measured on it on other images and to measure points in stereomode stereopairs creating Status bar or status panel display by default image scale in window marker position coordinates in pixels or mm and additional information about image To open the additional info panel place mouse cursor close to the J icon You will see a pop up window containing info on image size and rotation angle number of measured points and marker position coordinates Image 677 14336 x 15104 Rotation 90 CW Number of measured points 54 Marker coordinates pixel 7168 000000 7552 0 cam 0 510551 mrn 6 630308 mm mm 0 510551 mm 6 644408 mrm appr geodetic 458 427 083198 m 6584209 010578 m When measuring tie points using correlator the status bar shows auto correlation coefficient for left image and correlation coefficient for points measurements that correlate with the left image When you are working with raster image you can perform radiometric correction To adjust an image radiometry place marker on image and press Shift
121. lly for performing of different operations for all opened images A zoom in image in all windows gs zoom out image in all windows A show image in original size 1 1 in all windows fit image to window in all windows E center image on marker in all windows ti shift one image left scroll images in opened windows to the left shift one image right scroll images in opened windows to the right it shift one image up scroll up images in opened windows v shift one image down scroll down images in opened windows 65 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 oo HS arrange windows resize image windows left in the Points measurement window after closing some of them to fill in the background p add images in new windows opens the Add images window used for images selection 210 x Strips Images F ROWSE 10 M R095686 R0585 Selected images U OF Cancel Adding images to the Points measurement module You can select manually images to be added Light green color indicates strips and images which contain selected tie point in the list or on opened images To automatic selection of images that contain selected tie point click the button N Select images automatically w a images transformations have effect on images displaying and on points measurement using correlato
122. lock layout QuickTies Allows to use manually linked QuickTies data collected by approximate specifying accurate within about some hundreds of pixels of the same terrain spots on adjacent images on block scheme in the 2D window We recommend to set at least two ties on each stereopair and two ties between strips of a block Click the Edit button to start creating editing of manual ties in the QuickTies layer See the chapter Manual matching of images Tie points Allows to use tie points measured in automatic or manual mode see the chapters Automatic tie points measurement and Manual measuring of triangulation points The more precisely measured the ties the more accurate is the block layout For initial block layout you can measure some number of tie points between in strip and inter strip images instead of images manual matching which provides more accurate images tying in a block scheme GC points Allows to use preliminary measured GCP Block layout created by GCP represents block scheme in a real coordinate system See the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points Imported exterior Allows to use exterior orientation parameters if any imported to orientation PHOTOMOD system in advance see the chapter Import of exterior orientation data You can select only projection centers and angles or just projection centers Block layout created by projection centers and angles is images projection considering real coordinates of
123. mages do not form a real stereopair then the images block is called monoblock and it should be input as usual with dividing into separate strips Single satellite image is also considered as a monoblock If two adjacent images are combined into a stereopair and or there are several such stereopairs then each stereopair should be input as a separate strip Images block formed by such stereopairs is called stereoblock See Project creation User Guide In case of stereoblock you can perform full photogrammetric processing When process scanner images monoblock you can perform measurement of ground control points and interstrip ties 7 1 Number of GCP recommended for relative orientation of space images a Project type Monoblock Stereoblock ities strips with stereopairs Rigorous Number of Number of GCP s per Number of GCP s per GCP image stereopair Resours DK 6 4 5 GCP per image their FORMOSAT 2 4 6 number could be less if tie EROS A B 4 6 points measured in triple or KOMPSAT 2 4 6 quadruple overlap are used SPOT 1 4 4 6 SPOT 5 4 TERRA ASTER 4 6 Number of 3 5 1 2 not less than 5 for check points block Number of tie 3 4 points in double overlap 3 4 in quadruple overlap points area if there is triple or quadruple overlap measure some points there RPC Number of Number of 6GCP s per Number of GCP s per GCP image stereopair QuickBird 1 4 GeoEye 1 1 4 OrbView 3 1 4 IKONOS
124. marks searching Mark region size and Search region size using corresponding sliders Search region size should be big enough to cover fiducial mark area especially in cases of cutting or scanning film images differently when corresponding fiducial marks are located at different distances from the image edge Mark region size defines mark s template and must include the mark completely Search region and Mark region are displayed by rectangles one external and two internal for the mark in the lens window and in the main view window as well To define searching areas use the buttons of upper toolbar in images view window a image zoom out duplicated by the key F A image zoom in duplicated by the key tll fit image to window duplicated by Alt Enter shortcut 11 show image in original size 1 1 duplicated by Alt 1 shortcut E center image on marker You can adjust marker parameters size shape color in appropriate window opened using the na button of upper toolbar To move image in the window in panning mode use mouse holding Alt key Also scrollbars may be used which are shown and hidden with Ctrl F8 hotkey in main window and lens windows RO9_ S87 infomap Semiautomatic interior orientation a x QQ A 11 ie roject images 36 E EE ol om Ge Re l ROI 587 Template R09_586 R09_565 R10_505 R10_506 R10_507 K KRK 5 KKR v amp n am
125. n Triangulation points window In the window opened specify a folder and a file name containing geodetic coordinates with xyz extension see also the chapter Format of file of geodetic point s coordinates and click Save The project name will be offered as a file name by default The window Export measurements to PAT B containing a set of parameters will be opened Export measurements to PAT 6 x File with point coordinates D Measurementshinfomap_new xyz o File with measurements D PAT Blinfomap_new mea Ah i pix i mm C mem M Refined camera coordinates Export selected points only cnet Export to PAT B As a result files with extensions mea and xyz are created in the selected folder which are analogous to those described in the chapter 11 1 3 Import of points measurements Points measurements in mea file are saved be default in the same folder as file with geodetic coordinates Format description see in the chapter Format of file of points measurements on images Define measurement units used in image coordinate system pixels mm or micron If the coordinates are corrected for distortion and principal point offset you should select the option Refined camera coordinates Check the Export selected points only box if you would like to export just points selected in the list see the chapter Triangulation points window 95 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia
126. n the list values of vertical parallax and errors in triplets in pixels Points list is a table and contains the following columns code news oe v 4 1S lo elm l BR mw ney ee A BB Ol Tie 2 1 0 959 5g ee Tie 4 zZ 0 924 90 93 Tie 3 1 z 0 969 g1 OF Tie Z 1 0 942 gz 96 Tie 3 1 z 0 940 33 QF Tie 2 1 0 930 g4 96 Tie 2 1 0 975 35 99 Tie 4 z2 0 933 5 0551 Ground Control 1 1 1 0556 Ground Control 1 1 10 0904 Ground Control 5 z 4 O906 Ground Control 1 1 3 0908 Ground Control 2 1 E 2 0911 Ground Control 2 1 a 1nd Charl e T 1 L e kd Point list e Code poin s code e Name point s name e Type point s type tie ground control check excluded 2011 74 Aerial triangulation 2011 o Y Tie point included shows if the point is involved in relative orientation and if the point is excluded from calculations When the point is excluded its row is grayed When GCP is excluded it is excluded totally both as ground control and as tie and its type becomes Excluded 4 Point measured automatically shows if the point is ee in automatic mode see the chapter Automatic tie points measurement or if the point is measured manually HX i e x Total measurements shows number of images where the point is measured ooo e ooo Strips with p
127. ndow Recalculate the coordinate system if it necessary To do this specify the source and the output coordinate system in the corresponding sections of the window Push the OK button The imported data will be added to the end of the GCP s list on the GCP s list tab of the Triangulation points window 4 2 1 1 Export of GCP list 39 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Push the button on the GCP s list tab of the Triangulation points window to export the GCP s catalogue Export GCP catalogue window opens for specifying file name of the csv or txt formats GC points will be exported to text file of the following format NAME X Y Z CODE TYPE STDDEVX STDDEVY STDDEVZ where NAME GCP name X Y Z coordinates values CODE point s code TYPE GC point s type control GCP check check point STDDEVX STDDEVY STDDEVZ RMS errors Comma is used as fields delimiter and full stop as a decimal separator The first line contains fields headings is used for missing coordinate values fa Lister E delme gcp cs IOl x File Edit Options Help 100 HAME X Y 2 CODE TYPE STODEVUSs STDODEUY STODEU L 1 2589178 930000 6587072 860006 7 7 60000 1 control 0 100000 0 100000 06 1000066 2 2590327 290000 658 6268 840000 3 6150060 2 control 6 100006 6 100006 86 1060606 J 92166 440888 6585466 780000 4 28 0060 3
128. ne file See the chapter Triangulation points import e Export contains menu items that allow to export triangulation points measurements to files of PAT B and X Points format as well as to export triangulation points to Geomosaic program See the chapter Triangulation points export 4 2 Input and measuring of ground control points Ground control points are processed in two stages first you should input GCP coordinates and then recognize and measure them on the block images 4 2 1 GCP input You can input ground control points using GCP list tab of Triangulation points window that is opened by e menu command Orientation GCP points list af e the z button of the main PHOTOMOD Core toolbar ae e GCP list tab of Points measurement module Triangulation points total 70 visible 10 ioj x J gt GCP list Ox All triangulation points Sh t x OK BD ey we we Laa Std dev Z M 0556 Ground Control 4971037 2T 8444375 22 2 0311 Ground Control 370710 fa EHHI oo E Ground Control j wenn rove 54 4 10 3 E tsti lt lt i lt lt z a Ground Control 4969403 17 6444320 64 Ground Control 4970965 65 6443051 46 Ground Control 4970639 77 6442967 29 Ground Control 4970211 49 6442955 4 Ground Control 4969846 56 6442950 37 Ground Control 496947059 6442963 69 Window for GCP coordinates input To add a new point to the list click the icon For each point enter a point name Name field
129. ne the file rows number to display in the table set it in the Preview maximum lines input field To define the row number to start the data import set it s number in the Start import from line filed In the appropriate window sections set the file columns delimiter s type Comma Space Tab Semicolon or Other delimiters and decimal delimiter for the coordinates values in the file Point only Point or comma Once the file is selected and the format is defined click the Next button Step 2 of 3 Import settings The window allows performing the following actions e To swap X and Y coordinates of the projection centers in the section Projection centers e Inthe section Angles select the same angle measurements units as in the CSV file degrees radians or grads e In the section Relief elevation specify relief height range for the project If the data were specified during project creating they are displayed by default Otherwise it is highly recommended to specify the relief height range to perform the import correctly e Inthe section Precision std dev specify the root mean square error limit for X Y Z coordinates of the projection centers coordinates and omega phi kappa angles 109 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Exterior orientation import ioj xj Step z2 of 3 Import settings Angles Measurement units Degrees Radians Gons Add to the kappa a
130. ng the parameter presets set up optimally for aerial and UAV imagery or selecting manually the main and additional parameters for automatic searching measuring and rejection of points x BE E o a yl e gt E w 1 2 0714 D Measure tie points in stereopairs 2 O71 w EMA z Transfer tie points 3_0720 3_0722 Filter tie points by relative orientation 3_0724 Filter tie points by adjustment results Report on relative orientation on completion Parameters Points per stereopair O Correlation threshold Z a2 ts mi aaa Maximum vertical parallax 1 0 W Maximum error in triplets ie pix j 1 0 in plane en ii by Z i m Measure points by zones Filter points by zones Distributed processing Automatic tie points measurement window The Automatic tie point measurement window contains the following interface elements e Toolbar for selection of images opening the additional windows saving and loading presets e The list of project images for selection of images for which automatic tie point measurement is to be performed e Tasks panel allows to specify actions which will be performed at start of automatic tie points measurement operation e Parameters panel allows to specify a set of parameters used during search measurement adding and filtering of points e The More button is used for setup additional parameters of tie points measurement
131. ngle jo o00000000 degrees gelief elevation min 400 0 A mi max 200 0 4 mi Precision std dev Projection centers Exterior orientation angles K fo 2000 m omega fo 005000 deqrees Y 0 2000 m phi jo 00s000 deqrees Z 0 2000 m kappa fo 00s000 deqrees fv Uniform precision by all axes i Uniform precision by all axes coat e cet _ Import parameters window Having set import parameters press the Next button Step 3 of 3 Additional actions The window allows to define the set of target tasks all in one right after the exterior orientation data import Split block into strips by EO data splits the images block into strips according to exterior orientation data and parameters which define the motion direction parameters through and in strips and the images GPS times specified in the additional window during the import Duplicated by the Block Automatic block splitting By exterior orientation data menu command see Project creation User Manual Create block layout by EO data creates block layout on the basis of exterior orientation data See also the chapter Block layout Adjust block based on imported EO data the external orientation is performed immediately duplicated by the Orientation Direct georeferencing menu command or the button W in AT panel Rotate images in block scheme by block layout Duplicated by the Block Rotate images by block layout menu command see Project creation
132. nts All delete all measurements of selected points if at least one measurement falls on selected images In this case all measurements of selected points on graphic scheme are marked with red cross On selected images delete measurements of selected points only on selected images At that if there is only one measurement left outside selected images it is deleted also Such isolated measurements are marked with yellow cross Only non adjacent and isolated delete non adjacent and isolated measurements on selected images including inters strip having no ties inside a strip e Delete points with coordinates Measurements only only measurements are deleted for any points Points completely measurements and entries in points catalogue in Triangulation points window are deleted entirely for ground control check and excluded points When the OK button is pressed a confirmation message box is shown displaying the number of points to be deleted Press the Yes button in this message box to execute the deletion No to return to the window Cancel exit without deleting any points The report is shown after the deletion operation finishes 4 4 5 1 Import of flight line file The system provides flight line data import The data can be used if the time of image acquisition is available for example if the orientation data are imported from metadata exterior orientation data import or GPS data import So the data
133. number of points to reject It is recommended to set this value to 40 60 points It is not recommended to set more than 60 points The Stereopairs section contains the following parameters e Create stereopairs based on exterior orientation data from images projection centers of which are within range of if this option is not checked the nearest image principle is implemented for composing stereopairs if this option is checked the stereopairs will be composed from images projection centers of which are located at the distance no more than a specified value in meters e From different strips only if this option is checked the instrip stereopairs will not be considered Otherwise all instrip stereopairs will be considered including the nonadjacent The Zones section is used for defining zone size on the stereopair in which the automatic search and tie points measurement is to be performed The Relative orientation chapter contains info about the recommended zones The Points transfer section allows estimating the initial approximation as well as turning on the automatic transfer of manually measured GCPs and tie points along with automatic measured points The Rejection by angle section is intended for setting the filtration parameters of measured points from the images relative orientation In some cases after the automatic tie point measurement the images from the block can be rotated And images relative orientation
134. o of focal length f to survey basis b in image scale See below ES V2 0 5 pxl mean Ez L Ee mean mean b 97 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 If it is necessary you can check a discrepancy of kappa angle with block scheme To do that select the Check discrepancy of kappa angle from block layout checkbox and specify angle discrepancy threshold in degrees It is recommended to setup the value within 30 and 45 degrees Moreover you can check a number of measured tie points on stereopairs and in triplets It is recommended to have at least 12 points for stereopair inside a strip 2 points per each of 6 standard zones see the chapter Relative orientation at least 2 points for inter strip stereopair and at least 3 points for each triplet Select the appropriate checkbox Check number of tie points and setup minimal number of points The Check point distribution uniformity option is used for control of number and uniformity of distribution of tie points in inter strip stereopairs The option is disabled by default since in most cases analysis of points amount in 6 standard zones for inter strip stereopair may be redundant It is also possible to control uniformity of tie point distribution on stereopairs points distribution on a stereopair is considered nonuniform when in any of 6 equal zones on which images overlap area is conventionally divided 6 standard zone
135. of measured points in each triplet triplet errors in XY plane and in Z as well as points distribution uniformity 2011 100 Aerial triangulation 2011 Report z aixi 10A RS 66 In Strip Measurements Statistics Stereopairs Triplets Strips Images Total Complete Residuals Not complete Total Complete Residuals Not complete Top Strip 9 Vertical Vertical parallax pix pix Stereopair Number of points es en ee Discrepancy of kappa angle rad Distribution uniformity Mean abs m Ez 0533 0 299 2 407 Fi 0 1252097 1 Uniform a ROS_S86 RO9_ S85 2 0 356 0 212 1 664 0 00719500 Uniform Tie residuals pix Triplet Number of points Mean abs om E In strip measurements section Inter strip measurements section statistics of tie measurements points on stereopairs between strips A table of inter strio measurements shows a number of inter strip stereopairs for each pair of adjacent strips and errors of relative orientation operation A table of inter strio stereopairs shows a number of measured points on each inter strip stereopair values of vertical parallax residual points distribution uniformity and discrepancies of kappa angles with block scheme The table is similar to the table of in strip stereopairs 101 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Report E x 10 A BBK Sala Inter Strip Measuremen
136. of tries to calculate correlation for each point out of the amount set by the Points per stereopair setting on Parameters panel of the main window 100 by default Maximal amount of tries to found a point with correlation coefficient not less than threshold specified is a multiplication of this parameter by the Points per stereopair value Multipass points search allows making several passes for point measurement and filtering using different algorithms in case of insufficient quality of the block layout when 57 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 real relative rotation of images differs from what is present in block layout Usually this parameter should be used for UAV images Search the whole images area allows defining the stereopair for points searching the neighboring images in the strips or other stereopairs i e the non neighboring pairs in the strip and inter strip stereopairs Correlator the tab is intended for setting areal correlator parameters Correlation matrix half size size of correlation matrix by X and Y axes measured in pixels Autocorrelation control l e the bigger the value the less the reliability of points that will be collected by correlator with this point as initial one Do not use image border area is used for setting service information area with specified width near the image edge should not be used for correlator work
137. oint measurements shows number of strips with points measurements 0 Measured on a single image shows if the point is measured on single image has no ties or if it is measured on several images e UW Measured in stereopairs shows if the point is measured on stereopairs or if not e Measured in triplets shows if the point is measured in triplet or if not o Strips with measurements on isolated images shows if inter strip 9 point is single in one of strips or a or in triplet If it not single in a strip i e is measured on aon Measurements on non adjacent strips shows if the point is measured on non adjacent images or if not e a Minimum correlation coefficient shows correlation coefficient minimum for all point measurements if the point is measured using correlator e Max Pst Maximum vertical parallax shows Y parallax in pixels or millimeters when there are open stereopairs with computed relative orientation in Points measurement module e MaxEx Maximum triplet error in XY plane shows error in triplet in XY plane for a point measured in triple overlap in pixels or millimeters when there are open triplets in Points measurement module MaxE2 Maximum triplet error by Z axis shows error in triplet in height for a point measured in triple overlap in pixels or millimeters when there ar
138. oject images is present then it is possible to use it as base for obtaining the control points coordinates and measuring it on the project images The general workflow for measuring control point is following Loading of georeferenced base map Search selected terrain point of map on the project images Adding measuring of the control point on the project images Editing of control point o gt 4 2 3 1 Preparation and loading of georeferenced data Do the following beforehand to use a georeferenced base image map 1 Prepare the input data In the Windows file system define the folder for location the raster map raster file format TIFF JPEG BMP IMG PNG NTF GIF PIX JP2 DEM and georeferencing file with the same name see also chapter Georeferencing raster map Pre import the external vector data and DEMs into the files of the PHOTOMOD internal format x data and x dem respectively and save them in the 2011 42 Aerial triangulation 2011 folder of active profile See the description of import vector data and DEM in the Project processing User Manual 2 Open the project 3 Open the AT module 4 Push the ai button in the main toolbar of the Aerial triangulation module The Map window opens All loaded data into the 2D window are displayed in working area of the Map window Push the EA button to display the layer list and managing layer 5 Load the georeferenced base map georeferenced data Loadin
139. on coefficients mean image shift from center 3 2 2 Input of digital camera parameters You can input edit parameters of digital camera assigned to a current project using Manage project cameras window Push the button ten see the chapter Cameras management to open the window and then push the button ia New camera or Edit camera In the 11 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 opened Camera window input the camera name to appropriate field In Camera type field specify camera type digital When input digital camera parameters remember that all of them principal point coordinates focal length point of symmetry zero distortion point should be input in mm but pixel size and distortion coefficients in microns In Point of origin section specify a point of origin position used to calculate a shift of a principal point and a point of symmetry to consider a distortion from camera passport in lower left corner in center of lower left pixel in image center Hox Import Export Standard cameras Camera amera type oint of origin f Digital Film In image center Focal length mm 0 0000 In lower left corner Calibration date Principal point mm xi fo 0000 Ne fo 0000 Description Pixel size micron me o oo ve fo 000 of None Y Distortion m Input of digital camera parameters 2011 12
140. on is ended with 99 value 93 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 ROO Se 0556 0911 M12 wis 15 16 1s 20 Wee HaT wed wg 30 maL IS Was 35 ROO S86 0911 O908 agga Le 16 LF gl L9 we val wad W265 Moe Wes 153406 94 575 2566 87 48 89702 555534 rols 7 086 39020 5454 Barl 11151 1o4o00 EGERET 990825 8023 79962 16859 153406 95919 14496 47960 86365 4503 536029 84 8569 sols 41678 980 69950 8544 67 1 1 4 83022 SSS Fe M o PG a ee Pi O Pom m Row on my bo Re E oh A a a a Torde 70350 534 028 19562 102 344 11952 51046 82 309 0982 7 S0981 19986 2f0 8 56900 B7397 99370 Gelz gg7l7 s8400 ag4ls 7 0357 732r i 10688 5952 7 0194 16205 85l34 4 7309 7 6l4 902 6 TOGS 2975 an DO GO M ey me Fo PP e WO On D O DO D M O eo Sample of points measurements file in PAT B format 4 4 6 2 Import from X Points X Points format is a format of PHOTOMOD 5 0 system For import of GCP and tie points measurements from X Points use menu command Orientation Import Import tie points from X Points or corresponding command from drop down menu of the button in Triangulation points window In the window opened browse for file containing triangulation points with x points extension and
141. opair When this command is executed the following happens e anew layer Triangulation points is created in the Layer manager this layer is refreshed when the same command is called next time e triangulation points are displayed in 2D window e the Triangulation points display options window is shown if this window is closed it can be reopen by menu command Window Triangulation points view control Triangulation points display options Mode georeferenced block scheme TIER Measurements E a A Source coordinates Ei A ee fa Adjusted coordinates at ane eo A Block scheme position ES En A fj Error vectors Point size 3 A pix All changes made in this window are applied immediately The line in the upper part of the window denotes current mode according to the 2D window context see description of the modes further in this chapter the toolbar below contains buttons s des to change symbols see chapter Point symbols F ce e F and to toggle and setup the points filter see chapter Point filter The filter settings are not saved The following point positions can be visualized e Measurements point measurements on images e Source coordinates positions of ground control and check points according to coordinates input in GCP list see chapter Input and measuring of ground control points e Adjusted coordinates positions of all points according to coordinates obtained by block adju
142. opairs and in triplets e control of difference between kappa angle and block scheme nh to open a report In this case prior to report opening the Relative orientation report settings window is opened You can open the report from other windows using the button or automatically after performing of relative orientation in Automatic tie points measurement window or in Points measurement module In these cases the report is opened immediately and you should remember that it is created considering report parameters specified by default or pre set in the Relative orientation report settings window You can easily view and edit if necessary the report parameters directly from report by clicking the Report parameters link See the chapter Relative orientation report settings and Relative orientation report 4 5 1 Relative orientation report settings The Relative orientation report settings window allows to specify parameters for relative orientation accuracy control and setup a format of report output data 2011 96 Aerial triangulation 2011 Relative orientation report settings gt Ioj x Main parameters Additional how report f For all images For selected images Add adjacent images Stereopairs Triplets J Check vertical parallax J Check residuals in triplets Vertical parallax threshold Triplet residuals threshold a 7 DY 0 5000 a Z 1 5000 pix C RMS C RMS porn i Mean abs value i
143. opens stereo image for the whole working area of Points measurement window i e instead of all opened images windows If you hold down the Shift key while clicking the button stereowindow will open with size of two windows of images selected for displaying in stereo mode If you hold down the Ctrl key while clicking the button stereowindow will open with size of one window in position of the left image Press Esc to close stereo window 2011 66 Aerial triangulation 2011 L color black and white images Switch key for images displaying in color or black and white mode add a tie point with measurements on all images Adds a tie point to marker position on all opened images without correlation you should position the point manually on all images J al igi i add or move selected point measurements to marker position on all images without correlation a move point along tie error vector on all images See also description of right panel buttons A 4 L move point along error vector on GCP on all images See also description of right panel buttons hy m _ delete measurements of selected point on all images where it is measured che ir delete filter Opens the Delete point measurements window allowing to select criteria of points filtering for deleting Duplicated by menu command Orientation Delete point measurements See description in chapter Point measurements deletion
144. or aname of assigned camera and camera axes rotation angle The Project cameras panel of the window is used for project cameras management and contains the following tools to input edit camera parameters and creating of cameras list for current project window with cameras list of current project the Change cameras for selected images section used to assign cameras to images and to specify cameras axes directions for selected images view window for the image highlighted in the list You can input cameras parameters and create the images list of the current project using the following tools New camera Opens the Camera window used to input camera s passport data After the input is completed click OK The new camera name is shown in cameras list and the Cameras subfolder which contains lt Camera name x cam gt file is created in active profile resources in current project folder Besides the Camera window provides opportunity to import camera parameters from external files or from active profile resources and to export camera parameters to file resource See the chapter Cameras parameters import and export e Import camera from another project of active profile Opens the Open window displaying all resources of active profile to select camera from another project Select x cam file in another project folder in Cameras subfolder Click Open The camera selected is shown in the list Edi
145. or move point measurements to marker positions on all images in main toolbar of the Points measurement window measurement and transfer using correlator Use it if the point is not well recognizable on all images In this case measure the point on one image using the button Moveladd measurement into marker position in toolbar of image window see also the chapter Windows of opened images Specify this image as left L Then transfer the point measured on the left image on other images using o gt pants correlator by clicking the buttons R or RS on the main toolbar of the Points measurement window keeping under control correlation coefficient recommended coefficient value is 0 90 0 95 measurement in stereo mode Use it if the point is located above the ground on high object and is not shown on all images See the chapter Points measurement in stereomode e When the point has been measured information about its measurement appears in the list on the All triangulation points tab in Triangulation points window GC point transfer e Select measured GC point in the list by double click 41 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 e Show by the marker a new location for the selected GC point e Transfer the point to a new location using the button Add or move point measurements to marker positions on all images GC point deletion e GC point measurement d
146. ordinates Xp and Yp in pixels and residual errors of fiducial marks coordinates Ex and Ey in mm To measure fiducial marks you should select a fiducial mark to be measured in fiducials table Then place the marker precisely on the selected fiducial mark on the image Marker position coordinates in pixels are shown in Marker coordinates pix section Marker position coordinates in millimeters are shown in Marker coordinates mm section For searching fiducials on image and precise marker position use the buttons of upper toolbars in images view windows a image zoom out duplicated by the key A image zoom in duplicated by the key E fit image to window duplicated by Alt Enter shortcut 11 show image in original size 1 1 duplicated by Alt 1 shortcut center image on marker To move image in the window in panning mode use mouse holding pressed Alt key To fix measurement push the button Besse oat After that you will see the result of measurement in the Measurements table fiducial mark coordinates Xp and Yp in Delete measurement to delete measurement pixels Use the button Once first two fiducial marks have been measured the marker is automatically positioned approximately at the 3 d and subsequent fiducial marks At that the marker is placed in a neighborhood of a next mark on the image When 2 fiducial marks have been measured you can see the following in status bar information on pix
147. orientation parameters accuracy opens the Set exterior orientation parameters accuracy window to set acceptable threshold of RMS error in XY plane and by Z axis in meters and exterior orientation angles accuracy for all or for selected images A Change the kappa angle allows to change kappa angle by specified value for all or for selected images Click the button to open the Exterior orientation angles window 2011 114 Aerial triangulation 2011 Exterior orientation angles O x Change the kappa angle by the value f 90 i 160 270 E o oo0000000 deg For all images f For the selected images cred There is a connection between Exterior orientation parameters window and 2D window i e images highlighted in block scheme are automatically selected in the list of Exterior orientation parameters window and vice versa when images are selected in the list they are highlighted in block scheme in 2D window Set exterior orientation parameters accuracy i ol x orizontal accuracy std dev sY ertical accuracy std dey Z f Set value ff Set value fo 2U00000 HM fo 2000000 M Coordinate is not set Coordinate is not set C Do not change C Do not change xterior orientation angles accuracy std dev Set value Omega deg Phi deg Kappa deg fo OOS000000 a OS000000 fo OOS000000 C Angles are not set f Do not change
148. ort on interior orientation for an image acquired by digital camera All the report windows for the whole block or for the image contain upper toolbar with the following buttons h search by word or its part allows to save a report in HTML file in any folder of file system a allows to save a report in HTML file in active profile resources Lo allows to print a report opens print preview window 4 Relative orientation and ground control points measurement To perform aerial triangulation on stereopairs you need to measure a set of tie points on overlapping images in addition to ground control points see the chapter Input and measuring of ground control points Tie points are used to create models from pairs of adjacent images and to create from these models the whole strip model or the entire block model If the block adjustment purpose is only calculating the image exterior orientation parameters it is not necessary to select tie points on recognizable details of a terrain because tie points on overlapping images are measured either automatically using the correlation algorithm or stereoscopically by an operator 2011 30 Aerial triangulation 2011 If you perform aerial triangulation to measure ground coordinates and heights of some points on images which afterwards can be used as ground control points in further photogrammetric processing of single images and stereopairs you should choos
149. p amp Marks search parameters orrelation threshold Fo v earch for marks Ir Search images with int or already performed Transform type Rotation scale shift Affine Projective Start Close Specifying of marks searching area and mark template 21 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Semiautomatic interior orientation means searching of the same by the mark template objects fiducial marks on selected images of the block The system is looking for fiducial marks using a correlation process which compares a mark image with a template Acceptable correlation coefficient threshold is set by the Correlation coefficient parameter 0 85 by default Section Search for marks is used to define images on which the system will search for marks and measure them There are the following options search for marks on selected images only search for marks on all project images Select Search images with int or already performed checkbox to include into the search those images which already have interior orientation performed i e to recalculate their interior orientation according to selected template To select images in the list of Project images section check boxes to the left from image strip name or use upper toolbar buttons that allows the following select all images in the list F button cancel all imag
150. p their relative location and their spatial turn angles Depending on a data set used for block layout creation the block layout may be initial approximate or final l e as data is collecting and involving into block layout creation the block scheme becomes more accurate And after applying of correct adjustment results the block layout grows into final block scheme of project images Block layout is shown in the 2D window and is used for visual estimation of terrain images location Besides block layout initial at least is compulsory condition for automatic tie points measurement See the chapter Automatic tie points measurement The following data may be used for block layout creation the data is listed in order of increasing accuracy of a block layout 2011 116 Aerial triangulation 2011 Size of overlap area of adjacent images in a strip and between strips Usually images overlaps in percent are Known or may be estimated by images matching using the same terrain spots Overlaps are used for rough approximation of a block scheme i e for creating of initial block layout Data of images manual matching Manual matching data is also used for creating of initial block layout however they can significantly refine a block scheme built by overlaps In order to get manual matching data you should match images manually by approximate specifying of the same terrain spots on adjacent images on a block scheme in t
151. perform images interior orientation For manual measuring of fiducial marks on image you should select the image in Block scheme window and push the button a or use menu command Orientation Interior orientation Manual interior orientation The Interior orientation window used for fiducial marks measuring appears You can also open this window from the Manage project cameras window see the chapter Cameras management R09_587 infomap Interior orientation e 479 OHS GB Tl a a a 11 E a a A 11 E Image information Marker coordinates pix fens jRo9_s87 a mr Lanos oen lro mo L szo amme L ooer ocas 750 width pix 11246 1 105 9990 106 0020 10685 34 2 0 0012 0 002 l 106 0030 106 0050 591 750 518 750 0 0012 Y 534 250 Height pix 11246 106 0010 106 0030 575 750 10612 750 0 0012 0 EEk 106 0040 106 0060 10670 119 10628 762 0 0012 amera information Name Rc 20 x cam Camera type Fiducial coordinates Focal a ti 153 4060000 Distortion 4 directions x Delete measurement Marker coordinates mm x 1105 9978 vi 106 0047 Transform type Affine z 1 32 1 1 Marker 10685 750 534 250 pix 105 9978 106 0047 mm camera 106 0036 106 0105 mm Pixel size 0 0210 0 0210 mm OK Cancel Apply Fiducial marks measuring The toolbar at the upper part of the window allows to perform the following operations _ to switch to adjacent
152. points on UAV images in automatic mode qafi Open selected images for measurement 77 allows to open the Points measurement module used for points measurement on selected images in manual mode See the chapter Manual measuring of triangulation points 0 0 _ Sal l Open images containing marker 1T allows to open the Points measurement module used for points measuring in manual mode on images which contain marker position See the chapter Manual measuring of triangulation points 00 Open in strip stereopair allows to open the Points measurement module used for points measuring in manual mode on selected stereopair of a strip See the chapter Manual measuring of triangulation points O Open inter strip stereopair 0 allows to open the Points measurement module used for points measuring in manual mode on selected inter strip stereopair See the chapter Manual measuring of triangulation points ien Exterior orientation data list is allows to open the Exterior orientation parameters window with exterior orientation parameters which were imported or entered manually See the chapters Import of exterior orientation data Exterior orientation data list Load projection centers as vectors allows to transform projection centers data to point vector objects and load them to the 2D window for analysis Select subblock allows to select the project images to perform the block adjustment Block ad
153. project images All images in which the corresponding point is found are automatically opened in the AT module If necessary specify the marker location on the images Note Also provides for the reverse synchronization searching the terrain point of image on the map To do this set the marker on the some terrain point on the image in the active window next push 7 the fal Find on map button of the main window in the AT module 4 2 3 3 Adding to list and measuring GCP on project images Add measure the GCP after the selecting of the terrain point The program provides the following options for adding measuring GC point e Adding GCP without correlation e Adding GCP with correlation The presence of the measured points in the project or the exterior orientation data with building of the block layout from this data is necessary for using the correlation for adding GCP In addition an option is provided to use DEM for obtaining the value of Z coordinates of the point Adding GCP without correlation Perform the following actions for quick adding of GCP without correlator 1 Make active the Maps layer 2 Set the correspondence between the terrain points on the map and on the images using the marker see chapter Searching of the corresponding GCPs on the images 3 Push the button in the Map window New GC point displays on the images and appears in the in the triangulation points list of the AT module If necessary edit the
154. r in Points measurement module This tool provides images relative orientation rotation and scaling considering images location relatively to each other and scales difference in block scheme or in block layout data Click the button to select one the following options in drop down list e No transform shows images as is e Rotation by block scheme 90 multiple allows to rotate images at angle at which images were rotated during block forming in 2D window The rotation angle is rounded to closest angle divisible by 90 e Rotation by block scheme exact allows to rotate images at angle at which images were rotated during block forming in 2D window e Block layout rotation allows to rotate images according to block scheme e Block layout scale and rotation allows to move images using rotation and scaling according to block scheme e Block layout projective transform allows to rotate images using projective transformation exactly as in block scheme e Image scale allows to change basic scale of images for correlator The same scale will be used for images displaying in scale 1 1 e _ update block layout automatically as points are added off by default Affects images open in the module i e only local block layout is recalculated new stereo window opens a stereo window for selected pair of images Used for points measuring in stereo mode See also the chapter Points measurement in stereomode By default
155. rch area open any stereopairs in Points measurement module It is recommended to perform measurement on several in strip as well as inter strip stereopairs double click any image point inside the overlap area marker on other images is placed in the estimated corresponding point position measure the distance between actual corresponding point and the marker position using the D key press first time to start measuring line move marker to move second end of the line press second time to end the line exit distance measurement mode The distance measured in pixels is shown as a label over the measuring line T RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Points measurement Eifel E3 QAAE E gt tt BES AMM A e Se is a 5 p E 3 132 11 Tie 2 0 944 0 297 Cancel 133 18 Tie r 2 1 0 959 1 375 Apply 131 6 Tie l 2 1 0 970 0 041 15 i Tie r 6 2 1 3 4 084 23 l0 Tie 2 1 0 956 0 083 96 100 Tie 2 1 0 957 on ino Tin 1 gt 1 once Measuring search area Tor the point chosen on the left image 4 4 2 Points measurement workflow Note This chapter is in development 4 4 2 1 Points measurement on a strip stereopair Despite the program being capable of measuring points on stereopairs in any order it is recommended to perform measurement according to the order of images in a strip from left to right to avoid confusion Note This c
156. rks Algorithm of semiautomatic interior orientation searches measures fiducial marks on project images according to selected template the image with already performed interior orientation which fiducial marks are used as templates and then calculates interior orientation according to selected transformation type To perform semiautomatic interior orientation mode push the button ie or use menu command Orientation Interior orientation Semiautomatic interior orientation After that the window used to setup interior orientation in semiautomatic mode appears R09_587 infomap Semiautomatic interior orientation le x A a A 11 H w roject images He l git E B E o Re Template R09_586 R09_585 E wM 10 R10_505 R10_506 R10_507 ven amp amp Marks search parameters jam Bo jo 90 s earch for marks I Search images with int or already performed Transform type Rotation scale shift Affine Projective Start Close Semiautomatic interior orientation window The first image with performed interior orientation is marked in the list as Template If there are other images with performed interior orientation you can select another template To do 2011 20 Aerial triangulation 2011 this select the image by clicking its name and push the button Template note to the left from the image name in the table You will see the Then setup 2 parameters for
157. rs threshold Points check for filtering is performed sequentially by types of errors first for exceeding of correlation threshold then for maximal value of vertical parallax and finally for errors in triplets if 2011 54 Aerial triangulation 2011 the appropriate option is selected At that check for exceeding of correlation threshold is performed only for new points if there are already measured points If you need to check all measured points for exceeding of correlation threshold usually on check completion you should select an additional option Delete points with correlation below threshold on Rejection tab in Additional measurement parameters window Each operation measurement transfer and filtering is setup individually for measurements inside strip when the Inside strips checkbox is selected and between strips when the Between strips checkbox is selected The second group of parameters in the Tasks panel contains the following options Filter tie points by adjustment results allows performing automatic block adjustment with specified parameters and using its results for points filtering Such a filtering is useful for example if there are blunders on images between strips Filtering is performed using values of acceptable errors preset in Parameters window opened by clicking the Set up button Specify the adjustment method on the Adjustment tab and setup values of acceptable errors on the Report tab
158. ry to choose either to add point on both images if the correlation coefficient is satisfactory or to add point on left image only or click Cancel to re measure point 67 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 sNewpont o Code Mame s23 con _ a Re correlate all images to left duplicated by Ctrl Space shortcut Allows to measure a new point on all images using correlator For that you should set as a left one of images using the L button in image window toolbar and show by marker the points position to be measured On another images it is enough to show approximate point s position You can consider block layout data and use the tool Synchronize markers on all images k see above See above the description on how to search and measure points using correlator EEr the tool Correlate active image to left R In the case of points with correlation coefficient higher than the given threshold in the Parameters of points measurement window the images are checked if the coefficient is too low the images are marked in red i e bad point Newpoint eile Code Mame s24 M poo 586 0 9611 Rio sos 0 6894 M Rio S506 0 9022 m Ro show correlation for all images to left shows correlation coefficient in status line of each image window and in left image status line autocorrelation coefficient AQ
159. s points number differs from average points number in zone more than two times less or more To detect errors select the Check point distribution uniformity option Additional parameters of report The Additional tab allows to define a format of measurements data output Relative orientation report settings Main parameters Additional esiduals Format Angles f Fixed point f Alpha Omega Kappa i Exponential f Omega Phi Kappa recision Angle units f Normal Padians f High f Maximal O x Degrees cred Additional parameters of report Select data output format define precision angles system and angles units When all parameters are specified click OK The Relative orientation report window will be opened 2011 98 Aerial triangulation 2011 4 5 2 Relative orientation report Open a report by selecting menu command Orientation Report on relative orientation that is often duplicated by the button in different windows of PHOTOMOD Core The report contains results of relative orientation operation and allows to view statistics of tie points measurements and detect and correct measurements errors The report is created for selected images considering accuracy control parameters specified in Relative orientation report settings window Main feature of the report is a possibility to open Relative orientation window directly that allows to edit necessary tie points immediatel
160. s where it can be measured at the position of the marker are displayed Otherwise only images where the point has been measured are opened Still if this button is pressed with Alt key held down the Automatically choose images containing point option is temporarily inverted Automatically choose ae images containing point Alt option double click double click Alt Open images containing projected position as well as measurements of the selected point Open images with existing measurements of selected point Open images containing projected position as well as measurements of the selected point Open images with existing measurements of selected point show relative orientation report Before report opening the Relative orientation report settings window will be opened See also the chapter Relative orientation report show in All triangulation points list This tool is available in Points measurement module AIO W show points on opened images Filter for displaying of those points in the list which are located on opened images This tool is available in the window in Points measurement module EE W show common points on opened images Shows in the list only common points for all opened images This tool is available in the window in Points measurement module pix MFI TE ee cai shows in the list values of vertical parallax and errors in triplets in millimeters shows i
161. s a point selected in the list duplicated by hot keys Ctrl Del a re measure replaces pixel coordinates of selected point At that current pixel coordinates of marker are assigned to the point and saved to the list n mt auto place places marker to coordinates of point selected in the list Ez copy coordinates to clipboard copies coordinates of selected point to clipboard Coordinates are in the following format Xp Yp Xg Yg oe paste coordinates from clipboard pastes selected point coordinates from the clipboard in the following possible formats Xg Yg Xg Yg Zg Xp Yp Xg Yg Xp Yp Zp Xg Yg Zg where Zp equals 0 H select color opens standard OS Windows palette to choose GC point s symbol color on the map For map georeferencing you should recognize points with known geodetic coordinates on the map Map could be referenced using only one point in that case it is considered that measurement unit is 1 pixel and axes coincide If there are two points the map will be scaled and rotated in case of three points affine transformation will be applied but for accuracy control you should measure at least 4 points To measure point put marker on point s place on the map and push the button Add point After that points name and pixel coordinates will be added to the list below the map Input geodetic coordinates of the point to appropriate cells manually When fifth point is measured coordinates m
162. s i 3 iol x Search for points Correlator Fiejection Miscellaneous Search area pis FOO Contrast point search area pis fi 0 4 Tries per point 100 Multipass points search Search the whole images area On neighbor images in strips On other image pairs cal _ Tie point measurement parameters window The window contains following tabs Search for points Correlator Rejection J J e Miscellaneous The window consists of the following tabs Search for points contains the following settings Search area pix searching area for areal correlator It is setup depending on block layout accuracy Typical values are from 10 to 30 of image size Default value is 1000 pixels Actual search area may be determined in the Points measurement module see chapter Measuring the corresponding point search area if actual value is larger than 1000 pixels increase this parameter according to the measurement results Contrast point search area pix default value is 100 The parameter is used for tie points search in areas of maximal contrasts images with clear object s features In some cases it is advisable to measure points in areas with low contrast for example when maximal contrast corresponds to woods areas where correlator errors have high probability The parameter value may be reduced there up to 10 for example In this case you should setup O value in this field Tries per point number
163. see the chapter Accuracy control of imported data Your further actions depend on obtained accuracy and may result in two ways proceeding to block processing stage or performing of aerial triangulation stage block measurement and adjustment 5 1 Import exterior orientation data window Use the Orientation Import exterior orientation menu command to import external orientation data which opens the Open window to select the exterior orientation data file Having selected the file and OK pressed Exterior orientation import window is opened which provides the following steps sequence Step 1 of 3 File 107 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Exterior orientation import ol x Step 1 of 3 File File name PA CTONnf cri ae W Loose matching of image names in file against names in project PAT E matrix E Negative SY projection centers angles and GPS time Line template Jame s Y 2 Omega Phi Kappa ill Start import From line fi ts Preview maximum fio ti lines W Automatically validate template ield separators W Comma Tab J Space Semicolon Other ecimal separator Point only Point or comma ROD SA6 6445904 391266 490249 6 622 906 164855 0 171218891679 1 30626983 _ Drag a field name From the list of available Fields on a grid column to assign column type Double click on grid column to cancel
164. st angles selected images cee etre een rat NIKON D7Os x cam 0 o s 4 EVE Flight line file import The Preview file table displays data from the file being imported arranged in columns The system tries to determine the column s types according to the template used in last flight line import procedure To display the current template which corresponds to the table data push the button Validate template The column s types and number will be defined only for the rows displayed in the table The template field number will be equal to the maximum columns number in the table rows displayed The following fields are used in the template T GPS time Lat latitude Lon longitude Alt altitude Heading heading angle Roll roll angle Pitch pitch angle The symbol is used to mark the columns containing data not to be imported To change the current template perform one of the following actions Using mouse drag the field name from the Available fields list onto the table column to define the column type The template in the Line template input field will be automatically changed Double click on the table columns cancels the field selection 2011 90 Aerial triangulation 2011 Change the template manually in the Line template input field The table column s types are changed automatically The Automatic validate template checkbox provides automatic selection
165. stment see the Block adjustment User manual e Block scheme position positions of all points computed as arithmetic average of their measurements on images projected to the block layout coordinates useful e g when the block scheme is not georeferenced This position type is not available in stereopair 2D window Besides Error vectors connecting the measurements and other types of point positions may be shown and Point size for points displayed as points not as symbols may be adjusted 85 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Only tie point measurements Point in adjusted coordinates Point mean position in block are shown as well as error vectors scheme and its error vectors connecting it with its shown measurements are shown The last example illustrates the GCP measurements on two images its position in source coordinates and corresponding error vectors purple its position in adjusted coordinates and corresponding error vectors blue its mean position in block scheme and corresponding error vectors yellow The following tools are available for the point positions x do not show turns the display of corresponding point position amp display as simple points of the given size the Point size field at the bottom of the window a display as symbols display points according to the current symbols setup the om button see also chapter Po
166. strips parallas clipping 0 0 A o o A Ja Tie points filtration parameters Preliminary filtering with detection of trusted points group is used for preliminary filtering of blunders which are do not allowing to compute relative orientation angles correctly see the trusted points group parameters on the Miscellaneous tab Delete all tie points if after filtering number of them left is less then when the option is active the system deletes all measured points on the stereopair if the relative orientation cannot be calculated correctly It is likely that some or all points on the stereopair in this situation are erroneous and removal of them would improve the overall quality of the block orientation Delete points with correlation below threshold when there are tie points measured automatically using correlator you can filter these points after specifying the threshold value in the Automatic tie point measurement window It is suitable to use the option for recurrent or final point s filtration since the filtering covers all measured points not only new ones added during recurrent start of automatic tie points measurement operation Delete single points allows to filter and delete points measured on single images Delete measurements on non adjacent images allows to filter potentially erroneous points measured on non adjacent images inside a strip Delete points surplus make th
167. sured point coordinates to transform the point coordinates from digital image coordinate system to film coordinate system and correct systematic errors Please note that you should measure at least 3 fiducial marks on image to find affine transformation parameters and at least 4 fiducial marks to find projective transformation parameters If you have measured less than 3 marks if the rest are invisible for instance you can use simple transformation Rotation scale shift 3 1 Interior orientation menu To perform interior orientation use menu command Orientation Interior orientation that includes the following commands e Report on interior orientation opens report with interior orientation data duplicated by the i button See the chapter Report on interior orientation e Manual interior orientation opens Interior orientation dialogue used for manual measuring of fiducial marks if case of film camera duplicated by the button H See the chapter Manual measuring of fiducial marks e Semiautomatic interior orientation opens Semiautomatic interior orientation window used for semiautomatic interior orientation that means using of template image with marks templates and searching for the same fiducial marks on other images of the block acquired by film camera duplicated by the button er See the chapter Semiautomatic interior orientation e Automatic interior orientation opens Automatic interior orientation window
168. t module for points shown in the module windows and in the Triangulation points display options for Displaying points in 2D window over the block layout or a stereopair Besides that symbols can be customized in Delete points measurements window see chapter Point measurements deletion Regardless of where the symbols are set up the changes made are applied in every window where the triangulation points are displayed The Symbols om button opens the following window 2011 82 Aerial triangulation 2011 Symbols By coordinates Symbol shape AY point 2 point ave point Symbol color CF Check point Excluded point By ties Strip points Isolated point 2 Point measured on one stereopair 2 Point measured in triple or higher overlap 2 Point measured on non adjacent images a eee ee eee 2 Point measured on a stereopair and non adjacent images Interstrip points 2 Point measured on isolated images in strips 2 Point measured on stereapairs 2 Point measured on stereapairs and triplets 2 Point measured on stereopairs and isolated images 2 Point measured on stereapairs and non adjacent images JHEP MRP 2 Point measured on non adjacent images Other Excluded point Targeted points Projection center Symbol of O Ce r o Golor nt The window contains list of all possible types of triangulation points The left column shows current symbol for each point type The pencil icon marks the symbols
169. t 2 or block layout is built by exterior orientation data see chapter Searching of the corresponding GCPs on the images e l _ Add GCP without correlation allows quick adding and measuring GCP on the selected images i e allows transferring GCP with coordinates from map to the marker position on the selected images The added point displays on the images and appears in the list of triangulation points of the AT module If necessary edit the added point For example change the name or type GCP check point see chapter Adding to list and measuring of GCP on the project images e _ Panel of adding GCP allows to add and measure GCPs Window allows using the correlation algorithm for searching of corresponding point on the images as well as the DEM for obtaining Z coordinate see chapter Adding to list and measuring of GCP on the project images e i marker mode mouse duplicated by the F4 button e _ center on marker duplicated by the F7 button image in the Map window is moved in such a way that the marker falls in the center of the window UE fixed marker mode duplicated by the F6 button in this case the marker is always in the middle of the screen and moving the mouse results in a corresponding movement of the image wa service panels allows to open close the service panels to the right of the working area the layer manager and the navigation window B navigation window allows to
170. t camera parameters for the camera selected in the list Opens the Camera window to change parameters of camera selected in the list You can edit all parameters except camera name Besides the Camera window provides opportunity to import camera parameters from external files or from active profile resources and to export camera parameters to file resource See the chapter Cameras parameters import and export re Copy camera to create copy of camera selected in the list Opens the Copy the camera window to input a new name for camera selected Input a new name or confirm the existing one then push OK Camera copy is shown in the list 2011 8 Aerial triangulation 2011 _ Rename camera selected in the list Opens the Rename the camera window Input a new name or confirm the existing one then push OK Camera new name is shown in the list es _ Delete camera selected in the list y Unassign camera for selected images At that in cameras list the Number of images column shows 0 value For more details on input of film and digital cameras parameters refer to the appropriate chapters Input and editing of film camera parameters and Input of digital camera parameters In window of cameras list you can see names of current project cameras and number of images assigned to particular project cameras The Change camera for selected images section contains the following options e Assign selec
171. tation parameters available to calculate GSD by DEM Warning When ties GCP or adjustment results are used for block layout creation GSD data is not considered e Considering value of terrain heights difference specified in the project properties see Project creation User Guide Warning heights difference value is considered for block layout creation only if GSD data is unavailable In order to eliminate specific issues called by improper input data click the More button The Block layout additional window containing the following additional parameters is opened e Scale difference used to specify a coefficient proportionate to acceptable scale difference between adjacent images in a strip e Curving used to specify a coefficient proportionate to acceptable rotation angle between adjacent images in a strip e Images deformation used to specify acceptable difference between image outline transformation in a block scheme and similarity transformation e Point rejection percent used to specify percent of tie points which will be not considered for block layout creation e Rotate all block by used to specify rotation angle for block scheme in degrees For block layout creation click the Apply button in the Block layout window Block scheme in the 2D window will be refreshed considering new parameters settings without closing of the Block layout window You can also use the following menu items Block Block la
172. ted camera to selected images e Set camera rotation to selected images In order to assign camera to selected images select camera in project cameras list select images in B project images list select the Assign selected camera to selected images checkbox push the Execute button In order to rotate camera axes according to passport data highlight images in images list of the project that needed to be rotated use images view window select the Set camera rotation to selected images checkbox and specify a rotation angle push the Execute button Section for highlighted image view contains image name window for selected image view displaying also camera axes in the image and toolbar used to pass to interior orientation stage and to open interior orientation report After specifying of project cameras and assigning cameras to images you can proceed to interior orientation stage See the chapter Interior orientation of film camera images or Interior orientation of digital camera images 3 2 1 Input and editing of film camera parameters You can input edit parameters of film camera assigned to a current project using Manage be project cameras window Push the button see the chapter Cameras management to open the window and then push the button fe New camera or opened Camera window you can fill in or edit the following fields Edit camera In the 9 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavsk
173. ters and 3 angles that together determine real images location in space Import of exterior orientation data Determination of location and orientation of image coordinate system in relation to digital image coordinate system interior orientation Report analysis y The accuracy is acceptable Exterior orientation data are available Images relative orientation and q ground control triangulation points _ measurement _ Report analysis The accuracy is acceptable Yes BLOCK Exterior ADJUSTMENT _ Q entation Accuracy control by vectors of errors by report results Accuracy control by block layout by GCP coordinates No The accuracy is acceptable Yes PROJECT Stereovectorization PROCESSING DEM orthomosaic If the on board exterior orientation data is unavailable the task of data collection for block adjustment turns into aerial triangulation which includes 2011 Aerial triangulation 2011 input and measuring of ground control points images relative orientation measuring of tie points on stereopairs and in triplets measuring of inter strip tie points After executing of each stage of data collection for aerial triangulation you should perform control of measurements accuracy and errors elimination See the chapter Control of stages performing 2 1 Control of stages performing
174. tion the orientation procedure button to perform quality control of interior In the right part of the window you can setup Mark search parameters Specify correlation coefficient threshold The system is looking for fiducial marks using a correlation process which compares a mark image with a template Acceptable correlation coefficient threshold is set by the Correlation coefficient parameter 0 80 by default Section Search for marks is used to define images on which the system will search for marks and measure them There are the following options search for marks on selected images only search for marks on all project images Select Search images with int or already performed checkbox to include into the search those images which already have interior orientation performed i e to recalculate their interior orientation After images selection you should specify one of the following transformation types e Rotation scale shift e Affine e Projective See also the chapter Interior orientation To perform semiautomatic interior orientation push the button Start You can perform accuracy control and obtain more details on results of image interior orientation by pushing the button which allows to view a report on interior orientation See also the chapter Report on interior orientation 2011 24 Aerial triangulation 2011 If you have obtained unsatisfactory results you can delete interior
175. tion 2011 6 3 Using DEM data for block layout creation For block layout creation you can use a value of ground pixel size GSD specified manually or calculated automatically by DEM GSD value has an influence on a size of block images Warning You should have interior and exterior projection centers coordinates at least orientation parameters available to calculate GSD by DEM See the chapter Import of exterior orientation data Warning When ties GCP or adjustment results are used for block layout creation GSD data is not considered For block layout creation using GSD calculated automatically by DEM or specified manually perform the following actions 1 Open the Block layout window see the chapter Block layout creation and click the Account for DEM button The Ground sample distance GSD window is open Ground sample distance GSD 7 OP n ae im E 336 ail Om Gee Ge Compute by DEM Name Int or Ext or GSD modified J w 1 W 2 0714 2 0712 3 C In void DEM cells use 7 2 0710 5 i 0 0 ta m 2 3_0720 i j Use image points out of DEM extents 3 0722 3 0724 To compute image GSD by DEM the image interior and exterior orientation parameters are to be specified Compute Set GSD value GSD Image pixel size um From project Survey scale Unset GSD Defining of GSD using DEM or manually 2 View GSD values in the appropriate table column and select images
176. tion threshold value is more 2011 76 Aerial triangulation 2011 or equals to preset Correlation threshold for points measurement value These points will be shown automatically in the New point window selected by tick Points with correlation threshold which lies in the range from preset threshold of marker moving to threshold of points measurement will also appear in the list but they will be not selected in the New point window You should estimate correlation coefficient and select images for adding new tie point Points with correlation threshold less than the Correlation threshold for marker movement value will be not considered for adding and Bad point message will be shown Multilevel correlator is used for points search on resampled image when a scale is less than 1 1 4 4 1 4 Analysis of autocorrelation coefficient Note This chapter is in development 4 4 1 5 Measuring correspondent point search area The Points measurement module contains a tool for estimating search area size for corresponding points i e measuring discrepancy of image overlap which can be large enough if block layout is no too exact which in turn affects results of Automatic tie points measurement Assessment of this error allows taking it into account during automatic tie points measurement see description of Search area parameter on Search for points tab in Additional measurement parameters In order to estimate the sea
177. toolbar Be is used for opening the Block layout window is used for opening the Report on relative orientation window is used for opening the Tie points list window TD is used for opening the AT module displaying images checked in the list given that there are not more than 6 images checked The following buttons are provided for saving and loading presets push the appropriate button to load the saved before preset with x ini extension The drop down menu button brings up a menu with the following items Load settings from file open the Load settings window to load the presets with x ini extension from Windows file system Reset setting to defaults allows to use the presets by default UAV allows to load the preset optimally chosen for UAV images Standard allows to load the presets optimally chosen for aerial images lel push the appropriate button to save the presets with x ini extension Tasks panel contains two groups of parameters The first group allows to specify the following operations Measure tie points in stereopairs allows to search and measure tie points on adjacent images of stereopairs Transfer tie points allows to transfer measured points on adjacent stereopairs i e to transfer points located in triple overlap zone to adjacent models Filter tie points by relative orientation allows to filter points which have measurements exceeding preset acceptable erro
178. triplet measurements but having no isolated or non adjacent measurements On stereopairs isolated and non adjacent interstrip tie points having either stereopair and isolated or stereopair and non adjacent measurements e Additionally Excluded as tie all tie points on selected images excluded by tie in the Triangulation points window 2011 88 Aerial triangulation 2011 e Also All without measurements on images delete measurements of ground control points not falling on any image of the block such measurements may appear e g after deleting images from the block By coordinate type Tie only measurements of tie points satisfying other criteria on selected images Ground control only measurements of ground control points satisfying other criteria on selected images Check only measurements of check points satisfying other criteria on selected images Excluded as control only points excluded as ground control in the Triangulation points window on selected images All all points except for excluded as ties satisfying other criteria on selected images By measurement type Manual points measured manually in the Points measurement module see chapter Manual measuring of triangulation points Automatical point measured automatically see chapter Automatic tie points measurement The deleting mode is set in the corresponding section e Delete measurements of selected poi
179. ts Statistics Stereopairs Top Strips 9 10 Vertical parallax pix Stereopair Number of points Discrepancy of kappa angle rad Distribution uniformity RMS Mean abs Max jal ROS_S87 R10_ 505 16 0 276 0 216 0 776 0 02638955 Non uniform z ROS_S86 R10_ S06 23 0 408 0 255 1 493 0 03292570 Uniform id ROS_S85 R10_ S07 14 0 294 0 226 0 731 0 05677926 Non uniform Inter strip measurements section Note Stereopairs triplets and strips containing points that exceed the threshold are highlighted by yellow color Errors values are highlighted by red The leftmost column of stereopairs and triplets table contains the link which allows to open these stereopairs or triplets in Points measurement module and edit tie points there After editing and closing of Points measurement module you should click the Refresh link located in upper part of the report to refresh the relative orientation report After that the results of relative orientation will be recalculated and new report will be created After clicking links of stereopairs and triplets names numbers in Stereopair column of the report tables the detailed reports on tie points measurements will be opened See also the chapter Report for selected stereopair and Report for selected triplet 4 5 2 1 Report for selected stereopair After clicking on a stereopair link in tables on the first page of Relative orientation
180. ts which must be measured at each stereo pair if the Target number of points on a stereopair option is selected l e for 2011 60 Aerial triangulation 2011 example if there are 10 points already on a stereopair and the Points per stereopair parameter is 30 there will be 30 points added in former case and 20 in latter case The next section defines so called trusted group settings The concept of trusted group is used for rejecting points as described below see Preliminary filtering with detection of trusted points group parameter on the Rejection tab A group of points is considered trusted is it complies with the following two conditions 1 condition the distance between the point on the one image and the corresponding point on another image no more than a specified the Maximum spread radius within trusted points group parameter 2 condition number of points satisfying the condition 1 no less than specified value in the Minimum trusted points group size entry field If a trusted group has been found it supposedly means that initial relative orientation has been computed correctly and in this case the point s rejection can be applied by these data Otherwise the rejection of points will not be executed even if the Preliminary filtering with detection of trusted points group parameter is checked on the Rejection tab The Maximum points to use filtering by trusted group parameter specifies the limitation on the
181. ured the system shows its appropriate images after measuring of first 2 3 GC points or in case if preliminary orientation was performed in geodetic coordinate system by projection centers for instance opens relative orientation report see also the chapter Relative orientation report 35 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Al allows to open DEM used for extraction of Z coordinate for GCP selected in the list if they are not available for instance Name of opened DEM and its path appears in status line The button for DEM closing is in the same place sE allows to obtain Z coordinates from DEM for selected points Note For adjustment of airborne images block you should have projection centers coordinates or at least 3 ground control points Every point should be measured on at least 2 images on stages of strip ties and images tie points measurements About number of GCP for adjustment of scanner images blocks see the chapter Number of GCP necessary for space images processing in PHOTOMOD Note GCP coordinates are given in the coordinate system selected during project creation in PHOTOMOD Core see Project creation User Guide 4 2 1 1 Import of GCP list Text file suitable for GCP import to PHOTOMOD system should contain strings like following NAME X Y Z STDDEVX STDDEVY STDDEVZ 0556 4971037 270000 6444373 220000 129 630000 0 10000 0 1000000 0 1000000 0911
182. ures of relative orientation the optimal way for block measurement is considering of tie points placement in 6 standard zones for each stereopair at least 2 points for each zone O image principal point tie points location zones Recommended zones for measuring tie points inside strips In order to consolidate images strips into block it is recommended to place inter strip tie points in inter strip overlap zones on both sides from midline of overlap area 31 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Recommended location of tie points in inter strip overlapping area Note If you use block adjustment by independent models method you should transfer inter strip tie points to at least one adjacent image in each strip Otherwise they will be not taken into account when using this type of block adjustment 4 1 Orientation menu In order to perform data collecting for aerial triangulation procedure use the Orientation menu Its menu items are partly duplicated by the buttons of the main toolbar and the AT toolbar The Orientation menu includes the following items Manage cameras o used for input and editing of cameras parameters and assigning them to current project images See the chapter Cameras management Interior orientation contains menu items used to perform interior orientation procedure See the chapter Interior orientation menu QuickTies contains menu items
183. used for automatic interior orientation that means automatic recognition of fiducial marks by specified marks type peculiar to specific film camera duplicated by the button i See the chapter Automatic interior orientation e Calculate interior orientation calculates interior orientation parameters duplicated cr by the ve button 2011 6 Aerial triangulation 2011 e Delete interior orientation data opens Select images window to remove fiducial marks measurements on selected images 3 2 Cameras management To perform interior orientation you should specify cameras for images used in a project and input their passport data In common case there is a following workflow create cameras list of a project and input their parameters assign cameras to project images specify cameras axes directions for project images Manage project cameras window is opened by pushing the button ra on AT toolbar or using menu command Orientation Manage cameras The window is used for input and editing of cameras parameters creating of cameras list for current project and assigning of cameras to images from the images list if images block contains images acquired by different cameras Manage project cameras q jol x Project images roject cameras BE E ob ob Be ch od oe Om Rotation El J RC 20 x cam 5 RE 20 cam g7 RC 20 x cam g7 RC 20 x cam g El w 10 Rig 505
184. used to match the images manually This data is used to build the block layout See the chapter Manual matching of images Boe x Tie points list 2T allows to open a list containing all measured triangulation points ground control control tie with measurements data See the chapter Triangulation points window an GCP points list z _ allows to open a list of all measured and non measured ground control points with their input coordinates without measurements data See the chapter Triangulation points window 5i Delete points measurements io allows to select triangulation points types for deletion and delete them See the chapter Point measurements deletion Clear point catalogue allows to delete all triangulation points GCP check and tie from points catalogue at once Automatic tie point measurement f allows to perform tie points measurement in automatic mode See the chapter Automatic tie points measurement 2011 32 Aerial triangulation 2011 Report on relative orientation E used to open a report containing results of relative orientation of images for analysis and removal of measurements errors See the chapter Relative orientation report Load triangulation points used to load triangulation points to the 2D window and allows to set up points displaying of the certain type See also the chapter Displaying points in 2D window Automatic UAV triangulation allows to measure tie
185. w ah 24 WGS 84 UTM zone 17N QuQar alaaa D M TH f a mg p O H nA mE oT i fi bin Nb Y R Pe jih 2a Hy oF yf Jt SoC TS 2 k X D Fa WY lt eee La f ei n a j J T 4 e Ae DSc CAA w gt A amp A k NNE 42274 y pi E5 A 4 m 4 N kii jas L a m a g ve ate ea Ano 694000 000 2320000 000 0 530 2 996 694000 000 2312000 000 0 800 0 228 688000 000 2320000 000 E 0 802 0 725 688000 000 2311000 000 0 531 2 043 691000 000 2317000 000 0 541 5 537 Xp 1272 917 p 1097 083 g 690999 459 g 2317005 537 Map georeferencing window If the file with scanned topographic map is stored in the same folder as georeference file in MapInfo TAB format georeference file name should be the same as map file name the list of georeference points and their coordinates is opened in Raster georeference window In this list Xg Yg geodetic coordinates Xp Yp pixel coordinates Name point name To visualize a point in raster window to place marker in point s pixel coordinates click the cell in the Name column and in the raw of the point s number in the table Upper menu buttons are intended for the following operations S load raster map opens dialogue of raster file selection in main raster formats duplicated by Ctrl O shortcut ia load reference map opens
186. which can be modified The symbol modification consists in choosing shape and or color To change a symbol select the needed point type in the list choose shape circle diamond or square the Symbol field and setup color clicking the left mouse button in the Color field at the bottom To revert settings to defaults press the Reset button which becomes available when Alt key is held down 4 4 4 2 Point filter Apart from customizing point symbols it is possible applying a filter for displaying only certain types of points Such filter may be applied to windows of Points measurement module and to 2D windows with block layout or a stereopair see chapter Displaying points in 2D window The filter is activated and deactivated with the button and configured with the ie button The latter opens the following window 83 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Point filter lei By coordinates A M ground control Iw geodetic file check Y Iw targeted M rejected ground gt V projection centers A fe 30D Jv with changed type f horizontal Din velica by residual value M no coordinates all f worst points f over acceptable residuals IY ground 7 single M ground stereopair MW tier triplet W tez strip tie AEREE Elne in selected models used 0 atleast one rejected all all x Cancel Select point types to show The
187. wing formula to calculate values of acceptable errors in triplets ieee Ae where E acceptable mean error Mean triplet errors in XY plane should not be greater than half of pixel size multiplied by V 2 error by Z equals the mean triplet errors value in XY plane multiplied by the ratio of focal length f to survey basis b in image scale See below EO V2 0 5 pxl mean E L E mean mean b Measure points by zones allows to use a method of sequential measurement by zones of overlap area Use Zones section on the Miscellaneous tab in Tie point measurement parameters window to adjust parameters of such zones If the option is off points are measured on the entire stereopair area uniformly Filter points by zones allows using zones on stereopair for filtering of measured tie points The operation provides filtering the worst by parallax points on stereopair passing zone by zone one after another So the worst point on stereopair is found and deleted first then the worst one in the next zone and so on Uniformity of point s distribution on stereopair is also verified in such a way 4 3 2 2 Additional measurement parameters Use the Tie point measurement parameters window to specify the main parameters of tie point measurement and fine setting This window opens using the More button in the Automatic tie point measurement window 2011 56 Aerial triangulation 2011 Tie point measurement parameter
188. without block layout mode Note During block layout creation it is recommended to use first of all exterior orientation parameters if any See the chapter Import of exterior orientation data Block layout creation considering exterior orientation parameters may considerably reduce processing time on aerial triangulation and relative orientation stages and even skip block adjustment in case of satisfactory accuracy If a block layout created using exterior orientation parameters is visually acceptable we recommend to perform accuracy control by GCP coordinates and or by Y parallax values during measurement of several tie points for more accurate estimate If the accuracy is acceptable you can skip block adjustment stage perform direct georeferencing and pass to project processing operations stereo vectorization DEM building mosaic creation See the chapter Workflow Otherwise measure GCP tie points to refine a block layout and then perform block adjustment stage Brief description of block layout creation modes Moe Description __ _ _ By ties The mode allows to define a data set that will be used in block layout creation All parameters of the Block layout window are available in this mode Please see below a description of the By ties mode parameters W o layout The mode allows to cancel block layout creation and to roll back to initial block scheme view All parameters of the Block layout window are unavailable in
189. y lO x h FREY Le Relative Orientation Report Jump ta e in strip measurements e nterstrip measurements See also e interior orientation report Back Refresh Report parameters Block Statistics Project infornap Number of strips 2 selected for the report 2 Number of images 6 selected for the report b Report date 15 2010 13 12 05 ap Block statistics section in relative orientation report Report contains links allowing to pass to specific report sections to open interior orientation report see the chapter Report on interior orientation to return to previous page as well as to change a report parameters see also the chapter Relative orientation report settings The first page of report displays general info on measurements and contains three main sections 99 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 Block statistics section general data project name total images amount in the project images amount selected for the report report creating date In strip measurements section statistics of tie points measurements inside a strip in in strip stereopairs and triplets The first strios table of a section contains a list of strips and shows e number of stereopairs and triplets in each strip in the Total field e number of stereopairs and triplets which contain errors less than specified acceptable threshold
190. y cans Selecting point types to delete The left pane contains the list of project images with standard tools for selecting images The right pane represents a comfortable interface for choosing point types to be deleted and contains a list of options and a graphical scheme illustrating the selected options The list 87 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 5 21 and the scheme are synchronized l e when point types are checked in the list they are highlighted in the scheme and vice versa points selected in the scheme are automatically checked in the list To select several options in the scheme use the Shift key The Symbols button opens the window for setting up the triangulation point symbols See chapter Point symbols Apart from that the graphical scheme supports zooming panning and brightness contrast gamma adjustment panel activated by Shift F8 in the same way as any 2D window in PHOTOMOD Prerequisites for deleting points 1 Atleast one points type must be checked in each of the 3 sections e By measurement type e By coordinate type e By measurement mode 2 Atleast one image must be selected Exception the All without measurements on images option which requires neither a checked option in By measurement type section nor selected images because it defines points not measured on any of the block images such points may appear e g after importing triangulation po
191. yout for creation re creation of a block layout they are partially duplicated by buttons of the Block layout toolbar e Refresh a _ allows fast block layout re creation after change of data used for block layout building without opening of the Block layout window Duplicates clicking of the Apply button in the Block layout window e W o layout Oo allows to cancel block layout creation i e rolls back to initial state of block scheme without opening of the Block layout window Duplicates choosing of the W o layout mode in the Block layout window e By exterior orientation Ba allows to create a block layout using only exterior orientation parameters imported to PHOTOMOD system without opening of the Block layout window Duplicates choosing the By ext or mode in the Block layout window e Load allows to load saved block layout from x ini file of active profile resources to the 2D window e Save allows to save current block layout to x ini file of active profile resources You can use the saved block layout if after applying of new data the block layout corrupted and fails to recover In this case you can load the block layout delete triangulation points and measure them once more e Automatic block layout allows to create block layout of UAV images in automatic mode e Delete auto block layout results allows to cancel block layout created for UAV images in automatic mode 2011 120 Aerial triangula

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