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Troop Camp Basics Manual - Girl Scout Council

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1. 24 eeeeeeoaonoeeoeoeo eee eee 8 Although insect stings can be irritating symptoms usually begin to disappear by the next day and don t require treatment swelling of the face or mouth by a doctor However kids who are difficulty swallowing or speaking highly allergic to insect stings may chest tightness wheezing or difficulty Signs of a Severe Allergic Reaction have life threatening symptoms and breathing may require emergency treatment dizziness or fainting eeeeaeooaooo oo ooo oeoee abdominal pain nausea or vomiting What to Do 1 Remove the child from the area where he or she was stung 2 If the child was stung by a honeybee wasp hornet or yellow jacket and the stinger is visible remove it by gently scraping the skin horizontally with the edge of a credit card or your fingernail 3 Wash the area with soap and water 4 Apply ice or a cool wet cloth to the area to relieve pain and swelling 5 If the area is itchy apply a paste of baking soda and water or calamine lotion do not apply calamine to the child s face or genitals Call the child s doctor if there s swelling or redness beyond the sting site the site looks infected increasing redness warmth swelling pain or pus occurring several hours or longer after the sting Seek emergency medical care if the child shows symptoms of a severe allergic reaction the sting is anywhere in the mouth the child h
2. HOW TO MAKE A KAPER CHART Write down the jobs to be done and a brief description of what each job includes Plan how to divide the work individual buddies group or troop Combine some jobs if necessary keeping an equal amount of work in each if possible Have girls make a chart which shows the group who does what and when Let the girls be creative The chart can be big or small square like a table or round like a wheel It can even be 3 D or have moving pieces that represent each girl Sample Kapers for Troop Camping Grounds Picks up all litter within her unit tends drains under all spigots tends dishwater drain if they are required for that outing Unit house Sweeps floor and at the closing day follow clean up guidelines of the camp cleans refrigerator in her unit house general cleaning and checking of equipment takes charge of hand washing system Lanterns Cleans and fills lanterns picks up in morning and sets out at night fixes lanterns if needed and possible reports to leader all wicks globes kerosene needed Woodpile Sorts and replenishes covers woodpile Restroom Sweeps and disinfects toilets and showers responsible for emptying cans cleans sink and shelves responsible for replacing toilet paper when needed picks up litter in her area NOTE Program activities such as Scout s Own flag ceremony campfire program should be incorporated into the general kaper chart Sample Kapers for Meals Hostes
3. Ensure the girls are involved in each of these steps Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 Is the troop ready to do an overnight Why are we going Program Where will we go How we will get there budget amp transportation When will we go What will we need equipment food planning checklist e of volunteers e Transportation e Sleeping arrangements e Food cooking considerations e Clothing requirements e Paperwork Approval of Parents amp Council Staff e Equipment e Kaper Chart e Safety Wise Safety Activity Checkpoint What will we do e Plan activities e learn skills before camping or during camp Establish behavior and expectations to also include e Safety skills e Buddy system e Simple First Aid Go on the trip have fun Evaluate afterward with the girls e Would they do it again e What would they do differently next time e WAS IT FUN HINT Planning takes time Many girls are used to having things done for them Be patient Don t over plan It s OK if the activity didn t turn out perfect 36 KAPER CHARTS In Girl Scouting a job is called a kaper The list of kapers and who does them is called a kaper chart More information can be found in all levels of handbooks Kapers should be included in the planning process and will be a part of the girl s progression However even a Daisy Girl Scout can clean up after herself
4. girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Revised April 2013 Contents Safety Guidelines Girl led Planning amp Girl Progression Camp Site Selection Packing Considerations Menu Planning Recipes amp Equipment Respect for the Environment Fires Sharps Knots Compass Skills Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 1 Safety Guidelines Contents Approaching Activities Safely Health Histories Camp and Travel Forms Girl Scout Activity Insurance Emergency Procedures Safety Activity Checkpoints Group Camping Safety Activity Checkpoints Hiking Safety Activity Checkpoints Outdoor Cooking What to Do When Separated from the Group Weather Insects Animals Poisonous Plants and Allergies Tool Craft Safety Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org Approaching Activities Safely How can you as a Girl Scout volunteer determine whether an activity is safe and appropriate Good judgment and common sense often dictate the answer What is safe in one circumstance may not be safe in another An incoming storm for example might force you to assess or discontinue an activity If you are uncertain about the safety of an activity call the council staff with full details and don t proceed without approval Err on the side of caution and make the safety of girls your most important consideration Prior to any activity read the specific Saf
5. 2 sticks butter 1 egg 1 Tbsp Baking powder 4 cups fresh blackberries or 2 bags frozen thawed 1 tsp salt 1 tsp fresh grated lemon zest 1 cup milk 1 tsp cinnamon 2 cups flour 2 2 cups sugar Melt butter in a 12 oven using 10 12 briquettes bottom heat Wash fresh blackberries and drain In a large bowl combine blackberries sugar and lemon zest stir to coat blackberries Let rest In separate bowl combine flour sugar baking powder salt milk and egg mix until smooth Pour batter over melted butter do not stir Carefully spoon blackberries over top of the batter do not stir Sprinkle cinnamon over top Cover and bake using 10 12 briquettes bottom and 18 20 briquettes top for 35 to 45 minutes rotating the oven and lid 1 4 turn in opposite directions every 10 minutes until crust is golden brown Serve topped with whipped cream or serve with vanilla ice cream Serves 10 67 Box Oven Cooking Anything that can be baked can be fixed in a box oven Generally the most successfully things are those that don t cook too long 1 hour or less because you will not need to add more coals during cooking to maintain the temperature How to make a box oven Take a large heavy duty cardboard box an apple crate works well Line the inside with heavy duty foil shiny side out Use duct tape to secure to side of box Make sure it is as smooth as possible to fit over what you are cooking How to cook in a box oven Find a flat spot Place
6. Access a safe drinking water supply for cooking drinking and personal use Safe drinking water is defined as tap water tested and approved by the local health department All other sources are considered potentially contaminated and must be purified before use Giardia lamblia a parasite is suspected in all surface water supplies e Use one of the three water purification methods First strain water through a clean cloth into a clean container to remove sediment and then choose one of the following methods e Boil water rapidly for a full minute and let cool e Disinfect water with water purification tablets following the manufacturer s instructions Check the product s shelf life to make sure it has not expired e Pour water through a water purifier or specially designed water filtration device that removes Giardia These filters will also remove many other contaminants Follow the manufacturer s instructions carefully e Important note These methods will not remove chemical pollutants In addition only boiling the water or pouring it through a specially designed filter will remove Giardia lamblia Dishwashing Tips e Wash dishes in a prescribed area according to this procedure e Remove food particles from utensils and dishes e Wash dishes in warm soapy water e Rinse dishes in hot clear water e Sanitize dishes by dipping in clear boiling water or immersing for at least two minutes in a sanitizing solution approved by t
7. Stick Cooking Skillet Griddle Cooking Grilling Foil Packets Dutch Oven Cooking Charcoal Cooking Box Oven Cooking Solar Cooking Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org 51 Basic Menu Planning In order to plan the right menu girls will need to find the answers to the following questions for each meal e What is the purpose of the outing e How much time will we have for cooking this meal e Will we be cooking indoors or out e Will we be using familiar cooking techniques or do we want to try out new method e What kind of stove and type of fuel or fire will we be using e What kind and how much cooking equipment will we have available e Will each patrol cook for itself or will one patrol cook for all e Are there any concerns about spoilage weight cost season of the year that have to be considered e What food preferences or dietary restrictions need to be considered With the answers to all these questions in hand your girls are ready to plan their menus They will find these menu planning tips helpful e Include some no cook foods in every meal to save time and to be sure girls won t go hungry if there is a cooking failure e Include something from each of the basic food groups in every meal e Plan some extra for snacks or filler uppers e For meals that are to be cooked concentrate on one pot dish meals keep ingredients simple and equipment at the minimum T
8. and prepare for fire safety Connect with your Girl Scout council to inquire about permits with the local fire district land management agency or conservation office Fires are not permitted when there is excessive dryness or wind The adult volunteer also checks the fire index with local authorities Local air pollution regulations are followed Girls share resources Support girls in creating a checklist of group and personal equipment and distribute to group members Girls learn to use a variety of cooking methods including use of wood fire propane butane and gas stoves charcoal canned heat and solar energy Repackage all food to minimize waste and the amount of garbage that needs to be removed from the campsite Be prepared for primitive campsites If cooking in primitive areas with little to no modern conveniences observe these standards e Choose and set up campsite well before dark Use a previously established campsite if available Make sure the campsite is level and located at least 200 feet from all water sources and below tree line Avoid fragile mountain meadows and areas of wet soil Avoid camping under dead tree limbs Use existing fire rings if a fire is necessary e lf alatrine is not available use individual cat holes holes for human waste that are at least 200 feet away from the trail and known water sources to dispose of human waste visit www nt org for more information e Do dishwashing and personal bathing at
9. check 5 minutes to make sure they aren t burning Key oven needs to be HOT 66 German Pancakes 1 cups milk 9 eggs 6 Tbs Butter 1 cups flour 34 tsp salt Lemon juice Powdered sugar In a mixing bowl whisk together milk eggs flour and salt to form a thin batter Heat a 14 oven using 14 16 briquettes bottom and 18 20 briquettes top until very hot Add butter to oven and let melt Pour batter into oven and cook for 25 30 minutes until pancake is fluffy and light brown Sprinkle pancake with lemon juice and dust with powdered sugar Serves 6 Mountain Man Breakfast Omelet 1 Ib country sausage 2 cups chopped mushrooms 1 Ib bacon 18 eggs 1 large yellow onion diced cup mile 3 cloves garlic minced 1 green bell pepper chopped 3 cups grated Cheddar cheese 1 red bell pepper diced Picante sauce Salt and pepper to taste Heat a 12 oven using 20 22 briquettes bottom until hot Add sausage to oven and fry until brown Remove sausage from oven Cut bacon into 1 inch slices Add to oven and fry until brown Add sausage onions garlic bell peppers and mushrooms Saut until vegetables are tender Whisk together eggs and milk Season with salt and pepper Pour eggs over vegetable mixture Cover and bake using 8 briquettes bottom and 14 16 briquettes top for 20 minutes until eggs are set up Cover top with cheese and replace lid Let stand until cheese is melted Serve topped with picante sauce Serves 8 10 Blackberry Cobbler
10. culverts and river banks You can also take cover in caves or along one side of a large boulder or rock When you find the lowest possible location be sure to lie flat on your stomach and cover your hands over your head for protection 23 Emergency Procedures When Spotting a Bear Content in this section is most applicable to groups camping in Northeast Tennessee Troop Leaders will notify TWRA TN Wildlife Resources Agency immediately If an aggressive bear is spotted If a bear is spotted getting into food or trash Contact TWRA in an emergency situation from 7 00 a m midnight Dial 1 800 332 0900 When prompted enter 105 for Dispatcher After midnight contact the Sullivan County Sheriff s Department 423 279 7600 only applicable to groups camping in Sullivan County Troop leaders will contact Council by calling the emergency number if TWRA or Sullivan County Sheriff s Department is called Non emergency procedures Troop Leaders will notify Council in a non emergency situation such as Bears continually seen in one general location Mother with cubs is spotted What to do when you spot a bear e Make noises air horns clapping singing yelling etc Walk backwards away from bear DO NOT RUN Do not use direct eye contact as bears see this as aggression Make sure to use the Buddy System at all times Black bear attacks are extremely rare however if you are attacked by a black bear DO NOT play dead fight back
11. or self adhesive fabrics o Bring spare parts on the trip including tent stakes guy rope and poles Oo Oo 0 0 0 0 O O O O 41 Site Selection tips for front country camping Know in advance where campsites can be found If possible make advance reservations Obtain your site permit as early as possible on the day of your departure or the day before Learn what the rules and regulations are in the area you will be camping Arrive at your chosen campsite at least 2 hours before sunset to allow enough time to set up the campsite before dark Avoid camping under dead tree limbs If mosquitoes are a problem where you want to camp try to select a site where there is a breeze Choose a site that offers a sufficient amount of shade during the day to minimize the amount of time your tent is exposed to the sun A tent s nylon canopy will begin to deteriorate when left in direct sunlight for an extended period of time If it is windy try to select a campsite where boulders or trees provide a windbreak Be mindful of low spots Low spots tend to collect water In additions because cold air sinks low spots are chillier Pitching a Tent 42 Practice pitching the tent with your troop before the trip To make set up easier assemble the matched poles and color code them with tape paint or permanent markers Locate your tent on high level ground but below tree line If it rains water will tend to flow away from your tent
12. Decide the direction that you wish to go in numerical degrees e Hold the plastic base and turn the housing so as to align the desired direction reading with the direction of travel arrow on the base e With the direction of travel arrow pointing in the direction you are facing turn your body holding the compass level and close in front of you until the red tipped needle and the outlined arrow orienting arrow point the same way You should now be facing the direction you want to go e Sight over the direction of travel arrow into the distance to some object Walk the given distance toward that object Using a Silva Compass Construct a Trail e Hold the compass level Point the direction of travel arrow at the object to which you wish to know the direction degree reading e Turn the housing until the red tipped needle and the outlined arrow orienting arrow point the same way e Read the degree on the housing above the direction of travel arrow This is the direction you must travel to get to that point A Sample Compass Course Used at Lorado Taft Field Campus of Northern Illinois University COMPASS ORIENTATION COURSE Group A Card 1 TEAM MEMBERS Follow directions carefully Answer all questions e Leave Poley House through the east door and step to the tray Walk 54 meters 59 yards at an azimuth of 159 degrees What human made structure do you see immediately to the west Why might someone build something like this here
13. Is there some local history about this that we might want to explore Where and how can we find out e Walk 82 meters 268 feet at an azimuth of 100 degrees You should now be at the corner of a residence Next go 53 meters 175 feet at an azimuth of 30 degrees and stand on human made stone Next take 12 steps at an azimuth of 84 degrees Enter the room nearest you What would you assume is the purpose of this room e If there is an envelope labeled for Group A open it and follow the directions Do not disturb and envelopes not intended for your team 95 Games with a Magnetic Compass On a separate piece of paper give one set of directions to the group and have them follow the directions using the compass to make a geometric shape When done have them unfold the shape name and see if they used the compass correctly to make the shape Directions for a SQUARE Place Marker go 6 steps 360 degrees Place Marker go 6 steps 270 degrees Place Marker go 6 steps 180 degrees Place Marker go 6 steps 90 degrees Directions for Z Place Marker go 10 steps 90 degrees Place Marker go 10 steps 240 degrees Place Marker go 10 steps 90 degrees Directions for an OCTAGON Place Marker go 5 steps 45 degrees Place Marker go 5 steps 90 degrees Place Marker go 5 steps 135 degrees Place Marker go 5 steps 180 degrees Place Marker go 5 steps 225 degrees Place Marker go 5 steps 270 degrees Place Marker go 5 steps 315 degrees Pla
14. Observe wildlife from a distance Do not follow or approach them e Never feed animals Feeding wildlife damages their health alters natural behaviors and exposes them to predators and other dangers e Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely e Control pets at all times or leave them at home e Avoid wildlife during sensitive times mating nesting raising young or winter 7 Be Considerate of Other Visitors e Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience e Be courteous Yield to other users on the trail e Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock e Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors e Let nature s sounds prevail Avoid loud voices and noises The member driven Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics teaches people how to enjoy the outdoors responsibly This copyrighted information has been reprinted with permission from the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics www LNT org 71 ACTIVITY 1 Our Natural World Quick Activity Grabbing Your Groups Attention Your group will be going on a Nature Scavenger Hunt Rather than collecting objects they will be listing ideas on paper The hunt will help participants discover how much they have in common with the natural world and how the natural world influences their survival This activity sets the stage for learning and embracing Leave No Trace principles Begin the activity by conductin
15. all times warning her buddy of danger giving her buddy immediate assistance if safe to do so and seeking help when the situation warrants it If someone in the group is injured one person cares for the patient while two others seek help Respect the environment and keep trails clean Use the principles of minimal impact camping Store garbage in insect and animal proof containers with plastic inner linings and cover it securely when there is a campsite garbage pickup service When there is no garbage pickup service remove garbage from campsite in plastic bags and discard as appropriate Recycle whenever possible Do not bury food carry out grease and fuel canisters Do not remove natural materials such as leaves or branches In addition avoid eating wild foods walking on or uprooting plants interfering with or feeding wild animals and littering Practice safe hiking Instructions are given on the safety rules for hiking which include forbidding hiking off trail and after dusk Girls stay on the pathway to avoid trampling trailside plants and causing erosion In addition take adequate rest periods with time to replenish fluids and eat high energy food such as fruits and nuts Hiking Links American Hiking Society www americanhiking org Appalachian Mountain Club www outdoors org Appalachian Trail Conference www atconf org Leave No Trace www Int org Hiking Know How for Girls Practice with maps and a compass Before heading out
16. and day Reduce the weight by leaving excess packaging at home and repacking some foods into plastic bags that seal across the top Be sure to include the directions for cooking Sample Outdoor Cooking Ingredient List How Many It Ingredients Amount to buy Serves Sa a 0 Food Storage When staying inside a building or cabin store food in a refrigerator or in containers and rodent proof cabinets so that mice or other small animals cannot chew through packaging Mice will even nibble on a bar of soap At an established campsite store food inside rodent proof areas if available or in a vehicle Girls must be cautioned not to keep any food in their tents duffel bags or packs Mice and other animals will chew through clothing and packs to get to we food Careful cleanup will help to keep away unwanted ants and other insects e Most black bear and human encounters involve food e Food to a bear food garbage as well as scented items such as soap lip balm sunscreen deodorant toothpaste etc e Store food and scented objects inside your car if you are front country camping Dispose of waste in the designated garbage bins in the campground Use the public bathhouses provided by the park Garbage Area Efficient plans for garbage disposal should be made in advance If garbage cans are used line them with plastic bags and be sure that they are kept tightly covered at all times Do not allow trash to overflow and spill onto the groun
17. and precooked or ground meals cook very well and fast in the solar cooker Meats and hard vegetables take longer Make sure your solar oven is positioned to catch the most amount of sun turning if necessary as the sun shifts If you need to leave position it so it will get most of the sun by placing in the sun s path estimating its halfway point while you re gone If the girls can t do it alone it is too advanced for them Cooking success is determined by fire building ability 68 girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 6 Respect for the Environment Contents Minimal Impact Leave No Trace Activities Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org Minimal Impact Leave Nothing But Footprints Take Only Pictures In Girl Scouts we have long advocated leaving a place better and cleaner than when you found it but even seemingly innocent outdoor practices can inflict serious harm on the environment It is important that Girl Scouts of all ages learn and practice minimal impact outdoor skills Minimal impact is also known as low impact or no trace Such practices help to preserve the physical landscape of the campsite as well as the solitude and spirit of the wilderness Girls should be encouraged to live lightly on the land and leave no trace of their presence after an activity Everyone needs to adopt a code of behavior that reflects a commitment to preserving the natural quality of our lands We should be
18. are essential to tent camping not only do they provide comfort they provide insulation and protection from the ground e Closed cell foam sleeping pads offer the most insulating value for their weight and are the least expensive choice These camping mats don t roll up very compactly though and they re usually fairly thin so they offer the least amount of cushioning e Self inflating open cell pads are compact and expensive but are ideal for backpacking e Make sure the length fits you your tent and your sleeping bag e For backpacking consider weight vs comfort e Look for non slip pads to help you keep from sliding off in the night e Don t use plain air mattresses without any foam inside As the air gets colder during the night these mattresses often deflate until they re not providing enough padding They don t offer very much insulation to protect you from the cold ground e If you do opt for an inflatable sleeping pad make sure you bring a repair kit on your trip 48 Packs The type of pack depends upon the requirements of the trip There are three major styles Frameless Daypack Day packs are small packs designed to carry raingear a lunch water bottle map and a few extra items Some people take a daypack with them on an extended trip in order to use it for day hikes during the trip A daypack should have padded shoulder straps Internal Frame Pack Internal frame packs are worn close to the body and have a low cent
19. can do to respect these other users Also ask what else they might do to show respect for others if they were to pass individuals on horseback or on mountain bikes The Activity Have 1 3 of the group sit down on the trail and 1 3 move off the trail where an adjoining campsite is located Have both groups be somewhat loud and rowdy Have the remaining 1 3 pass along the trail where the group is sitting and near the campsite Once this group has walked by those on the trail and observed the actions of those at the campsite have the entire group meet at the campsite The Discussion Have the participants who passed by those sitting in the middle of the trail and at the camp express how they felt when they encountered these groups Discuss what affect it had on their experience Ask what they feel would improve their experience on the trail and at the campsite Ask if the loud and rowdy behavior would have had any additional impacts on those using horses or mountain bikers along the trail Visit http www Int org training activities index html for more Leave No Trace activity plans 75 76 P girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 7 Fires Contents Fire Safety Fire Starters Laying a Fire Fire Alternative Edible Fire Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org 71 Fire safety Make sure area is clear of overhanging branches Have fire bucket of water or sand ready before lighting first match Tie b
20. get there How will we share the Take Action story 32 As girls answer these questions they begin the trip planning process In time girls begin to make specific arrangements attend to a myriad of details create a budget and handle money and accept responsibility for their personal conduct and safety Younger girls may not be capable to be as intimately involved in the details however as the girls grow older their responsibility level should increase Ask the girls to stretch themselves to become leaders within their own troop therefore practicing their leadership skills And later after they ve returned from a successful camp out or trip girls also have the chance to evaluate their experiences and share them with others Sample Progression in Girl Scout Outdoor Program by Activity Type Meet Out Use senses to look listen feel smell Earn Brownie awards related to outdoor experiences Earn Junior awards related to outdoor experiences Move Out Learn the 8 Basic Skills Visit an outdoor spot Record your observations Explore Out Go with a purpose Take a snack to eat outdoors Take a short trip walking biking or rowing Cook Out Whittle a fuzz stick Light a fire and put it out Sleep Out Prepare for an overnight Make needed equipment bedroll stuff bags dunk bags sit upon Plan What to take what to eat Make a Kaper Chart Choose a good safe spot for sleeping Camp Out Plan what to wear and take Know
21. hiking trip and ask each person to pack a small backpack for your meeting Don t tell the participants their imaginary destination or what to bring Before your meeting find pictures or posters depicting a local or regional environment high alpine desert river You will use these pictures to serve as your imaginary destination Grabbing Your Group s Attention Break participants into small groups of three to five when they arrive Build suspense by asking them to guess the destination of their imaginary trip The Activity Show the destination pictures and describe the location you have selected weather terrain etc Explain the goal of the trip wildlife viewing or fishing Ask the groups to unpack their packs and discuss their answers to the following questions the leader must read the back ground information in order to facilitate discussion Note Because participants packed their packs without proper information it is unlikely they will be adequately prepared for their destination This activity demonstrates the importance of planning before packing e Dothe contents of your pack properly prepare you for this trip 72 e Dothe contents of your pack ensure your safety e Dothe contents of your pack ensure you will Leave No Trace that you will not damage natural or cultural resources e Dothe contents of your pack ensure your trip will meet your goal for example wildlife viewing or fish safely and enjoyably The Discussion F
22. muddy Keep campsites small Focus activity in areas where vegetation is absent e In pristine areas Disperse use to prevent the creation of campsites and trails Avoid places where impacts are just beginning 3 Dispose of Waste Properly e Pack it in pack it out Inspect your campsite and rest areas for trash or spilled foods Pack out all trash leftover food and litter e Deposit solid human waste in catholes dug 6 to 8 inches deep at least 200 feet from water camp and trails Cover and disguise the cathole when finished e Pack out toilet paper and hygiene products e To wash yourself or your dishes carry water 200 feet away from streams or lakes and use small amounts of biodegradable soap Scatter strained dishwater 4 Leave What You Find e Preserve the past examine but do not touch cultural or historic structures and artifacts e Leave rocks plants and other natural objects as you find them e Avoid introducing or transporting non native species e Donot build structures furniture or dig trenches 5 Minimize Campfire Impacts e Campfires can cause lasting impacts to the backcountry Use a lightweight stove for cooking and enjoy a candle lantern for light e Where fires are permitted use established fire rings fire pans or mound fires e Keep fires small Only use sticks from the ground that can be broken by hand e Burn all wood and coals to ash put out campfires completely then scatter cool ashes 6 Respect Wildlife e
23. need help tying shoes bows Leader uses and explains safety precautions Leader builds fire Safety around fires Simple cooking activities away from fire One pot meals leader handles Fireless foods Personal safety What to do in case of emergencies when hurt or scared Short hikes discovery Explore the out of doors Encourage questions BROWNIE GIRL SCOUTS 34 Learn how to be considerate of others and living things in nature Leave places cleaner than you found them Safety Manners for overnight Discuss proper attire and why especially for new experiences like camping Learn camping equipment needed Learn square knot half hitch clove hitch Learn to use knives safely open close clean simple use passing Use cardboard knives to teach Wood piles Simple fire building fire starters foundation fire A frame tepee Putting out fires One pot meals Nosebag trail meals Skillet meals Simple first aid see handbook first aid kits Emergency procedures Health amp Safety practices in all troop activities Hikes with purpose nature hikes Practice conservation plant water trees flowers litter pickup gardening recycling Hurt no living things look for tracks and traces of animals JUNIOR GIRL SCOUTS Review amp Elaborate Safety Manners for camping simple maps amp compass Girls should be able to help make equipment lists Bowline sheet bend taut line hitch sheepshank slip knot Lashing Tents Review
24. of proteins Example 3 500 calorie diet 2100 calories carbohydrates 60 875 calories fats 25 525 calories proteins 15 Total Food Planning For Backcountry Trips Backpacking WEIGHT Average 2 pounds person day People X days X pounds persons day pounds of food to bring CALORIES Average 3 500 person day People X days X calories persons day minimum calories needed for trip COST Average 3 25 person day People X days X cost persons day amount to be spent on food EXAMPLE 12 people x 2 days x 2 pounds 48 pounds 12 people x 2 days x 3 500 calories 84 000 calories 12 people x 2 days x 3 25 78 00 Carbohydrates 84 000 x 6 50 400 cal 1 700 calories per pound 29 6 pounds Fats 84 000 x 25 21 000 cal 3 000 calories per pound 7 pounds Proteins 84 000 x 15 12 600 cal 2 000 calories per pound 6 3 pounds 57 Outdoor Cooking Progression Progression is a common thread within the Girl Scout Program We train the girls in the basics and keep adding more complex aspects of these basics This list of cooking progression is by no means all inclusive It is meant to be a sampling from which to choose After the initial Nosebag and One Pot Meals generally aimed at Brownies and simple stick cooking S Mores the girls are ready to venture out into the other areas of this list Below are some hints for each of these cooking which are roughly in order of difficulty 1 No
25. of the outdoor cooking activity check weather com or other reliable weather sources to determine if conditions are appropriate If severe weather conditions prevent the cooking activity be prepared with a backup plan or alternate activity Write review and practice evacuation and emergency plans for severe weather with girls Use the buddy system Girls are divided into teams of two Each girl chooses a buddy and is responsible for staying with her buddy at all times warning her buddy of danger giving her buddy immediate assistance if safe to do so and seeking help when the situation warrants it If someone in the group is injured one person cares for the patient while two others seek help Respect the environment and keep site clean Use the principles of minimal impact camping Store garbage in insect and animal proof containers with plastic inner linings and cover it securely when there is a campsite garbage pickup service When there is no garbage pickup service remove garbage from campsite in plastic bags and discard as appropriate Recycle whenever possible Do not bury food carry out grease and fuel canisters Do not remove natural materials such as leaves or branches Tips for Cooking with Cook Stoves and Open Fires 16 Prepare for safe usage of portable cook stoves Portable cook stoves differ in size and in fuel use Follow the manufacturer s instructions carefully and closely supervise the girls when using any stove Take an a
26. procedures for weather emergencies Certain extreme weather conditions may occur in your area Please consult with the council for the most relevant information for you to share with girls Establish and practice procedures for such circumstances as fire evacuation lost persons and building security responses Every girl and adult must know how to act in these situations For example you and the girls with the help of a fire department representative should design a fire evacuation plan for meeting places used by the group Assemble a well stocked first aid kit that is always accessible First aid administered in the first few minutes can mean the difference between life and death In an emergency secure professional medical assistance as soon as possible normally by calling 911 Procedures for Accidents Although you hope the worst never happens you must observe council procedures for handling accidents and fatalities At the scene of an accident If a child needs emergency medical care as the result of an accident or injury first contact emergency medical services implement procedures learned in CPR and First Aid courses and then follow council procedures for accidents and incidents Provide all possible care for the sick or injured person Follow established council procedures for obtaining medical assistance and immediately reporting the emergency To do this you must always have on hand o Names and telephone numbers of council s
27. rather than gather under it and you won t be rolling downhill in your sleeping bag Remove any loose stones twigs or branches from the ground before pitching your tent but keep pine needles and dead leaves for added cushion Put a plastic ground cloth tarp under the tent floor to protect it from moisture Roll out your tent on the ground cloth and assemble the poles Run the poles through the loops or hooks on the tent and secure set the tent upright Drive tent stakes into the ground at a 90 degree angle to the guy ropes Once the tent is upright and staked down place the rain fly over the tent and secure it to the tent structure Securely anchor down all key points of the tent with tent stakes and guide ropes Line the ground cloth up with the edge of the tent floor by rolling the excess ground cloth downward under the tent floor to avoid water from being able to flow under the tent To avoid the buildup of condensation in the tent open the roof vent and zip a door or window partially open If you have no roof vent crack two doors or windows open Either way will create a slight cross breeze that will help to remove body moisture and prevent condensation inside your tent Temporary Shelters Uses of tarps while camping e Ground cloth for under your tent e Rain shelter e Sun shades e Wind barrier e Coverings for your gear campfire or firewood e Sleeping shelters What you will need to create a shelter sun shade or wind bar
28. receive reception Girls share resources Encourage girls to distribute a list of hiking gear and supplies and to determine which resources can be shared Choose an appropriate hiking route Terrain mileage and hiking time are known to the hikers in advance Hikes are restricted to a reasonable length as determined by age level of experience nature of the terrain physical condition of the hikers disabilities weather conditions and time of day The hiking pace always accommodates the slowest hiker Assess safety of hiking routes The route is known to at least one of the adults or a report is obtained in advance to assess potential hazards such as poisonous plants dangerous animals unsafe drinking water cliffs and drop offs Ensure that a land management or similar agency is contacted during the trip planning stage to determine available routes and campsites recommended group size water quantity and quality and permits needed Ensure that hikers have a comprehensive understanding of the trip Group members are trained to be observant of the route surroundings and fatigue of individuals Instruction is given on the safety rules for hiking such as staying together in a group recognizing poisonous plants and biting or stinging insects and ticks respecting wild animals and behaving effectively in emergencies Ensure that girls know how to read maps use a compass navigate a route and estimate distance Take safety precautions Search a
29. road during this period 1 to 2 days before the rain Make a campfire The smoke should rise steadily Smoke that swirls and descends is caused by low pressure i e rain on the way e Look at the moon during the night If it is reddish or pale dust is in the air But if the moon is bright and sharply focused it s probably because low pressure has cleared out the dust and low pressure means rain Also a ring around the moon caused by light shining through cirrostratus clouds associated with warm fronts and moisture can indicate that rain will probably fall within the next three days Remember Circle around the moon rain or snow soon e Look for pine cones Pine trees are an excellent indicator of the overall harshness of the coming winter In fall look to the pine trees in your area and note if the cones are high on the tree or low Low hanging cones indicate a mild winter Emergency Procedures for Tent Camping During a Tornado When you take a trek out into the backcountry your goal is to get away from man made structures and bond with nature If you find yourself faced with severe weather especially a tornado it can be challenging to find a safe zone when in the wilderness or open plains Even if you are far away from buildings that contain cut wood and metal a tornado can still inflict damage and carry debris including rocks trees and dirt Always look for the lowest possible ground area to take shelter this includes ditches
30. s camps The following types of camping are made available to Girl Scouts through GSCSA Some camps or camping types are unavailable in certain seasons GSCSA currently operates 5 Girl Scout Camps Camp Wildwood Johnson City TN Camp Windy Knob Greenville TN Camp Sky Wa Mo Bluff City TN Camp Tanasi Andersonville TN Camp Adahi Cloudland GA Resident Camping is one of the most well known Girl Scout camp experiences Campers live at an established site for a period of several days Girls and their counselors leaders enjoy activities that take advantage of resources available at the camp The Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians offers resident camp at select locations during the summer months of June and July Troop Group Camping is a camping experience of 24 or more consecutive hours and often takes advantage of council owned established camp sites A group of girls and their advisors leaders usually plan and carry out this type of camping The Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians offers summer troop group camping year round by registration at select camp sites Girls and their leaders may also camp at council approved sites around the region Call your service center for more information Day Camping is a favorite with Girl Scouts who want to experience camp in shorter sessions or are not ready for progression into an overnight Girls participate in activities for a day If sponsored by the Council Staff or a Servic
31. safety rules and first aid Handle dishwashing garbage and grease disposal in environmentally sound ways Pack Out Plan meals menus purchase and provide storage for food Earn Finding Your Way Hiker Badges Plan a trip extending over several days Earn a Red Cross First Aid Certificate 33 Progression in 8 Outdoor Skills Progression in camping skills is an essential part of troop camping At the Daisy amp Brownie levels the basic skills are simple and improved upon by practice Each succeeding program level should increase proficiency and build upon skills already required Consult Volunteer Essentials or the handbooks for more information on grade level appropriate skills and abilities 8 OUTDOOR SKILLS ON OUM PWN PF Know and practice good outdoor manners in town and in the country Know how to dress for the outdoors in your locality in relation to expected weather Know how to tie use and release a square knot amp a clove hitch Know how to handle and care for a knife Know how to use amp put out a fire for outdoor cooking Know how to cook something for yourself something for patrol or troop Know simple first aid for cuts insect bites and skinned knees Know how to protect the natural world Example Progression by Grade level DAISY GIRL SCOUTS Buddy system Appreciation of nature use all senses to explore Safety Manners for short hikes near home Discuss what they should bring wear plus note to parents May
32. tents on wooden platforms for troops groups to use called platform tents It is important that girls understand how to take care of platform tents Never use a heater or any open flame in or near a tent The guy ropes along the sides may need to be loosened in rain When they are wet they tighten and put undue strain on the canvas Do not hang anything on the ropes This pulls the tent out of line Roll side walls and door flaps up toward the inside of the tent so they can be let down from the inside This prevents water from catching in the roll when it rains Be sure to roll side walls and door flaps back down and secure them when leaving site Never roll up the side walls or door flaps unless they are completely dry Damp canvas will mildew when not open to the air Drop the side walls periodically Mice sometimes nest in the rolled up flaps Never touch the inside of the tent during a rain Touching the fabric can cause the canvas to leak Do not use insect sprays or other kinds of sprays inside a tent The chemicals can dissolve the water repellent treatment Do not pin anything to the tent since this can cause tears and leaking Tie the tapes with a half bow so they can be untied when wet Keep mirrors under cover Sunlight reflected in a mirror can be hot enough to burn a hole in a tent or start a fire Report small tears and missing ropes or tapes so that they can be replaced Cabins Several of GSCSA s camps offer
33. to a ring or tent stake Image shows a round turn and two half hitches Image Source http www 28thcambridgescouts org uk images roundturn jpg 87 Lark s Head To loop cord or rope around a ring or hang your dish bag to a clothesline Image source http home att net troop50 images larks_head gif Sheetbend Used to tie a thin rope to a thicker rope Image source http www 28thcambridgescouts org uk images sheetbend jpg 88 Square Knot Used for many situations most commonly used to tie two ropes of the same thickness together at their ends SQUARE KNOT A Right over left and twist then left over right and twist Note Both parts of rope mustexitknottogether Image Source http letsgooutdoors com fav howto tautline_ 329x282 gif Tautline Hitch Used to make a loop that will slip when you want it to TAUTLINE HITCH Secure one end of rope Pass other end around stake and run pardlel to standing line Make two turns around standing line turning towerd stake Finish with a haf hitch tied on the far side of the previous twoturns Tighten knot and slide on standing pert to tighten or loosen the line 1 Image source http letsgooutdoors com fav howto tautline_329x282 gif 89 90 P girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 10 Compass Skills Contents Compass Skills How to Use a Silva Compass A Sample Course Compass Games Make Your Own Compass Find Yo
34. which is just another tinder option To make a cooking or bonfire sized teepee start by making a small a frame in the center of your fire pit Take small fuel and create a teepee of wood around the a frame the picture below will show you the general idea just upsize the scale significantly Make sure you leave at least one opening large enough for you to reach the a frame inside and make sure that the sides of your teepee are close enough to the a frame to catch when you light the fire The Log Cabin CABIN n GIVE Room FoR FIRE TO oF STICKS BREATHE Start by making a small a frame or teepee in the center of your fire pit Build a miniature log cabin of small or medium sized fuel around the a frame or teepee The size of wood you choose will be determined by the size of the fire you wish to have Gradually lay the logs toward the center as you build the cabin Remember to leave plenty of space for good ventilation In the end it will have the appearance of a pyramid 79 Fire Alternative The use of portable camping stoves is strongly suggested for trips A one burner stove is needed for each cooking group of two to four people To reduce the need for fuel plan nutritious meals that need little cooking time Before departure become well versed in the use of the camp stove to be taken on the trip If water is to be purified by boiling be sure to carry additional fuel supplies Backpacking Stoves Cooking on a backing pac
35. 0 your pace steps per mile NOTES
36. 4 empty soda cans in a rectangle on the ground Place a cookie sheet that will fit when the box is inverted over it on top of the cans and the pan that you are cooking in on top of that Use an aluminum pie plate and place hot coals in pan and place between soda cans below cookie sheet A charcoal briquette gives off about 40 50 degrees of heat so for baking at 350 degrees use about 9 10 briquettes Invert box over the assembly and place a small stick on the ground for the box to sit on to serve as a vent See the illustration above illustration shows coals directly on the ground and also shows a viewing window fixed into the box oven both of which are options Solar Cooking Solar cooking is fun to experiment with especially since the food doesn t really burn You can leave it for extended periods and let it cook Directions for making a solar cooker are included in many Girl Scout level handbooks If you aren t that adventuresome you can purchase one from Solar Cookers International You can also make a portable solar cooker using a cardboard box cut in half diagonally covering it in foil then cooking in plastic oven bags Cookware for solar oven cooking should be black The enamel camp ware works well The 9 round is the ideal size for most recipes Again Solar Cookers International sells these pots You can cook most anything in a solar oven Try your favorite recipe and cook twice as long as the recipe says Soft vegetables eggs cheese
37. Hang up the net bags to air dry If a clothesline is put up for the net bags be sure that it is away from dust and areas where someone might walk into it and be injured When dry dishes and eating utensils should be stored away from dust The dishwashing line is set up as follows SCRAPE Use rubber scraper and large can or pan e WASH dishpan with soap cloth or mop hot water 110 112 degrees F e RINSE dishpan with hot water keep it hot 110 112 degrees F e STERILIZE place all dishes in the DUNK BAG and hold in kettle of hot water 170 degrees F for 1 minutes or rinse thoroughly in a chemical solution for 2 minutes e HANG ON TREE OR LINE TO DRY Used dishwater should be filtered to remove any food particles Place the filtered food particles in the garbage At an established site follow the rules and regulations of that site to dispose of waste water Some sites prohibit draining wastewater into sinks due to age or condition of plumbing CHEMICALS Use 1 tablespoon of chlorine bleach for each gallon of water Dishes should be completed submerged in this solution for 2 minutes for proper sanitation 56 Advanced Nutrition An average person will usually need to consume about 2 500 3 500 calories per day during an active camping trip or more if it includes hiking e 60 of the diet menu should consist of carbohydrates e 20 25 of the diet menu should consist of fats e 15 20 of the diet menu should consist
38. Knives do some whittling sharpening Hard vs Soft wood Different types uses hunter s trench fire criss cross buddy burner charcoal safe use of tools Stick cooking tin can cookery dutch oven ember cooking Safe cooking eating food storage procedures Camp stoves 2 burner Simple first aid see handbook Emergency procedures Health amp Safety Practices Observe impact on environment pollution Service projects trails erosion dams etc Explore nature in action amp discover why s Proper dishwashing garbage disposal CADETTE SENIOR AND AMBASSADOR GIRL SCOUTS 35 Low impact camping plan routes transportation and make necessary arrangements Safety Manners for extended trips Orienteering May need help for more advanced experiences backpacking canoeing bike tripping How to pack for extensive trips Review amp elaborate uses of knots Lashing campsite furnishings Review Knife safety Alter fire for reflector oven pit fire bean pot hole Develop and dismantle fire scar wet weather fires Reflector oven Bean hole Planking Backpacking meals dehydrating foods camp stoves back packing edible foods Certified first aid lifesaving survival camping emergency shelters procedures hypothermia weather Minimal impact camping Rebuild trails erosion control pollution environmental concern awareness projects learn about ecology of certain areas Wildlife plant identification PLANNING STEPS FOR AN OVERNIGHT
39. Soaking wooden skewers in water for 30 minutes prior to use can help prevent them from burning Avoid metal skewers that are round as the food often rolls on the skewer when you try to turn them Some people prefer the skewer baskets but the ones that don t have non stick coating need to be sprayed with cooking spray each time prior to using them They do required more clean up than traditional skewers however Skillet Griddle Cooking A portable cookstove Coleman stove is the best way to cook using this method as it provides the most even temperatures You can also cook over coals using a cast iron skillet or Dutch oven Make sure you have potholders for the skillet handy as the handle gets very hot when you cook this way Cast iron cookware is best if cooking over coals as when properly treated it lasts a long time handles the temperatures of fires well and is easiest to clean Grilling How much charcoal do use Actually most people tend to use too much and thus waste the charcoal Generally you need about 30 briquettes to grill one pound of meat You need enough charcoal in a single layer to extend 1 2 beyond the sides of the cooking area To determine your needs spread the charcoal out When ready to light pile coals into a pyramid Weber makes a good quality fire starter if you don t want to make your own In general a 10 pound bag of charcoal has about 150 180 briquettes This should help you decide what size you need when you go to
40. about this discussion Note Although this Quick Concept deals with fossils and artifacts the principle of leaving what you find applies to all things that should remain undisturbed in the backcountry Wildlife petrified rock and nests are examples of other discoveries to leave for people to enjoy ACTIVITY 6 Minimize Use and Impact of Fire Quick Activity Grabbing Your Group s Attention Share this scenario with your group Imagine you are camping in the mountains The air is a bit chilly as your group begins preparation for the evening meal You plan to build a fire to cook hot dogs and heat up cans of chili The fire will also take the chill out of the night air As you begin to pile sticks inside the fire ring a ranger approaches your group and informs you that there is a ban on fires due to dry weather You will not be able to build a fire The Activity How will your group solve this problem What will you do about dinner How will you deal with the chilly air How will not having a fire change your night time activities The Discussion It is recommended that all visitors to natural areas minimize their use of fires even when there is not a fire ban Create a plan for your next outing which does not include fires You may wish to discuss different types of food food repackaging and the value of using lightweight foods instead of canned goods Discuss the value of contacting land managers to learn about local regulations Refer to th
41. aching storm front westerly winds the opposite Strong winds indicate high pressure differences which can be a sign of advancing storm fronts Deciduous trees show the undersides of their leaves during unusual winds supposedly because they grow in a way that keeps them right side up during typical prevalent winds Take a deep breath Close your eyes and smell the air o Plants release their waste in a low pressure atmosphere generating a smell like compost and indicating an upcoming rain o Swamps will release methane just before a storm because of the lower pressure which leads to unpleasant smells o Aproverb says Flowers smell best just before a rain Scents are stronger in moist air associated with rainy weather Check for humidity Many people can feel humidity especially in their hair it curls up and gets frizzy You can also look at the leaves of oak or maple trees These leaves tend to curl in high humidity which tends to precede a heavy rain Pine cone scales remain closed if the humidity is high but open in dry air Under humid conditions wood swells look out for those sticky doors and salt clumps is that shaker working well Watch the clouds o Clouds going in different directions e g one layer going west another layer going north bad weather coming probably hail o Cumulonimbus clouds early in the day and developing throughout the day greater chances of severe weather o Mammatus cloud formed
42. acilitate a discussion with all participants about the results of the activity Ask groups to briefly share their answers to the above questions and add e How would the contents of your pack differ with different destinations e What other information do you need to pack properly for a trip e What is the value of knowing these pieces of information before packing ACTIVITY 3 Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces Quick Activity Grabbing Your Group s Attention Gather your group outside a home or in a park Ask them why we construct sidewalks Focus the resulting discussion on the need to provide durable surfaces for travel by many people Explain that concentrating activity on one durable surface can protect the surviving land Define the concept of durability for the group The Activity Break your group into pairs and give them the following assignment Imagine you are looking for durable surfaces to travel over or set up camp Find five different surfaces in the immediate area and rate them from one to five for durability one being the most durable surface and five being the least durable surface Give the group approximately 5 to 10 minutes to explore the area The Discussion Have each pair share their findings with the group Using the Background Information conduct a discussion to help group members develop an understanding of how to identify durable surfaces and the cumulative effects of many visitors to any one area Relate the surfa
43. ack long hair and loose clothing use bandana Do not wear plastic or synthetics around the fire i e nylon windbreaker jacket Have adult supervision at all times Guard fire keep it small and avoid overcrowding Never reach over a fire Be sure stove is sturdy enough to support pots Do not use liquid fire starter Fire Starters Trench candle One handy fire starter is made from newspaper Take one section of a newspaper and cut it into one inch wide strips Roll up a strip tightly and tie with a piece of string Holding the string you can now dip the starter into melted paraffin This starter may be placed in fire tinder and lit Egg Carton Lint To start your fire easily before your trip fill the cups of a cardboard egg carton with lint from a clothes dryer cotton or wool lint only lint from synthetic fabrics like acrylic nylon fleece and polypropylene produce toxic fumes when burned or with small pieces of paper Then fill each cup half full with melted wax As you build your fire break off one cup and nestle it in your tinder When you re ready simply light the fire starter These may be stored in a Ziploc bag to keep them dry and handy Egg carton charcoal Place charcoal briquette in each section of a cardboard egg carton Fill with hot paraffin Egg carton sawdust Fill sections of carton with sawdust Fill with hot paraffin Candy Kiss Place chunks of old candle in twists of wax paper Nail Polish Matches Co
44. afety precautions and any appropriate clothing or supplies that may be necessary Follow council procedures for activity approval certificates of insurance and council guidelines about girls general health examinations Make arrangements in advance for all transportation and confirm plans before departure Girls plan the activity Keeping their grade level abilities in mind encourage girls to take proactive leadership roles in organizing details of the activity Arrange for transportation and adult supervision The adult supervising the outdoor cooking has taken council learning opportunities The recommended adult to girl ratios are two non related adults at least one of whom is female to every e 6Girl Scout Daisies non extensive cooking activities only 12 Girl Scout Brownies 16 Girl Scout Juniors 20 Girl Scout Cadettes 24 Girl Scout Seniors 24 Girl Scout Ambassadors Plus one adult to each additional e 4Girl Scout Daisies non extensive cooking activities only 6 Girl Scout Brownies 8 Girl Scout Juniors 10 Girl Scout Cadettes 12 Girl Scout Seniors e 12 Girl Scout Ambassadors Compile key contacts Give an itinerary to a contact person at home call the contact person upon departure and return Create a list of girls parents guardian contact information telephone numbers for emergency services and police and council contacts keep on hand or post in an easily accessible location Consult with council about permits where necessary
45. aining for you and your girls In the event that buddies get lost or separated from the group and become disoriented the best thing is for them to do is STOP and try not to panic They should Sit down and evaluate the circumstances Try to determine the last location where they knew where they were Orient themselves to the landscape by using a map if they have one or try to recognize familiar landmarks such as large boulders or a fallen tree Listen carefully for noises such as traffic or barking dogs that could lead them to a road Sounds of moving water can lead to a river Walking parallel to the river can be another way to reach a road Make sure there is sufficient daylight to walk to the nearest trail road or campsite to obtain helps If the buddies cannot figure out where they are or need to go moving about will waste energy and will confuse them even more In that case buddies should Sit down and conserve energy Find shelter to keep warm and dry as possible and out of the wind Make sure the shelter is not home to potentially dangerous animals or insects and leave some sort of sign such as a piece of clothing outside of the shelter to alert searchers Find water treat surface water before drinking by boiling filtering or using chemical purifiers or collect water from wet vegetation Build a fire if matches are available and the danger of a fire spreading out of control is low Devise as many ways as possible to att
46. ants how scientists know what dinosaurs looked like They find fossils and reconstruct the skeletons It is important for scientists to find the pieces in their original positions relative to one another so that they can see how the pieces fit back together The same is true for cultural human made artifacts The Activity Use three simple picture puzzles Break the puzzles into their pieces In a yard sandlot or playground scatter all the pieces of one puzzle in a small area In another location scatter just two or three pieces and in another location leave just one piece Split your group into three teams and have one group at each location recover the pieces Ask each group to try and reconstruct the puzzle or describe the picture based on the pieces they found The Discussion Ask each group how easy it was to reconstruct the puzzle Discuss the importance to scientists of finding fossils or artifacts where they were originally deposited Discuss the impacts of intentional vandalism or theft of fossils or artifacts Discuss the effects of unintentional impacts i e driving off road hobby collecting campsite construction Ask the group if they can think of other ways in which fossils and artifacts can be lost or damaged Discuss ways in which these resources can be viewed and enjoyed on site without damage Remind the group that it is against the law to remove or destroy these resources Refer to the Back ground Information for more details
47. as a known severe allergy to a stinging insect injectable epinephrine was used Think Prevention Try to have the child avoid walking barefoot while on grass using scented soaps perfumes or hair spray dressing in bright colors or flowery prints areas where insects nest or congregate and drinking from soda cans Also make sure that outside garbage cans have tight fitting lids there are no stagnant pools of water in rain gutters flower pots birdbaths etc and food is covered when eating outside Note All information Is for educational purposes only For specific medical advice diagnoses and treatment consult a doctor Review this with a doctor prior to use Reviewed by John Bernardi MD and Deborah Mulligan Smith MD Date reviewed April 2004 ee ha ee Tick Bites eeeeeeaeoo eee eee It s not uncommon to find a tick Did You Know saa oii MS anaE TEO SENOS Lyme disease is carried by the deer are harmless and don t require tick or western black legged tick medical treatment some ticks These ticks are harder to detect than do carry harmful germs dog ticks because they re much ee0e5uaeuaua0e20eeeeee smaller an adult tick is about the size of a sesame seed What to Do 1 If the tick is still attached to the child s skin remove it Using fine tipped tweezers grasp the head of the tick close to the skin Firmly and steadily pull the tick straight out of the skin Do not twist the tick o
48. aste water Wo aah ae Can in brook Box in moist dirt 55 Dishwashing at Established Site Dishwashing for a group in an established setting works most efficiently with a little planning Water can be conserved by using the following hints e To make pots used for cooking over a fire easier to clean rub soap over the bottom and sides of the outside of the pots before placing them on the fire A bar of soap or liquid dishwashing soap can be used e Scrape plates and presoak pots before washing e Heat dishwater on the camp stove or cooking fire so it will be ready when the meal is finished e Keep the dishwater clean as long as possible by washing the least dirty items such as cups and silverware first and pots last Use three buckets or deep pans for dishwashing The first bucket contains hot soapy water the second bucket contains clean water for rinsing and the third contains boiling water or cool water containing a sanitizing solution approved by the local health department 1 tablespoon bleach for every gallon of clean cool water Sanitize dishes by immersing them in clear boiling water for one minute or by immersing them in the bleach solution for two minutes Each individual is responsible for bringing and washing her own dishes silverware except when these items are provided on site The dishes are kept in a DISH BAG or DUNK BAG These individual net bags to hold dishes during the final sterilizing rinse
49. ause rabies a and foxes transmit most _ dangerous life threatening disease _ cases of rabies What to Do 1 Wash the area with soap and water and apply pressure with sterile gauze or a clean cloth if the child is bleeding Do not apply an antiseptic or anything else to the wound 2 Cover any broken skin with a bandage or sterile gauze Seek emergency medical care if the child e has a bite that punctured or broke the skin e was bitten by a wild or stray animal or any animal that hasn t recently had rabies shots or is acting strangely e was bitten on the face neck or hand or near a joint e has a bite or scratch that s becoming red hot swollen or increasingly painful is behind on immunizations shots or hasn t had a recent tetanus shot When seeking treatment have the following information on hand the kind of animal that bit the child e the date of the animal s last rabies vaccination if known e any recent unusual behavior by the animal e the animal s location address if known e ifthe animal was wild or a stray or was captured by a local animal control service the child s immunization shots record Many animal bites are preventable Always supervise young children around animals even pets Teach kids to handle pets gently and to never tease them Also teach kids to eal away from and to never feed wild or stray animals _ Note All information Is for educational purposes only For specific medi
50. autions to take e See that garbage tampons sanitary supplies and toilet paper are carried out Group Camping Links American Camp Association www acacamps org Go Camping America www gocampingamerica com Leave No Trace http www Int or National Camp Association www summercamp org Group Camping Know How for Girls e Create a camp kaper chart Divvy up cooking duties and get creative about pre planning outdoor meals e Be ready with camp entertainment Before you go camping read about camping stories songs activities and ames Group Camping Jargon e Kindling Small pieces of dry wood used to start a campfire e Mummy bag A sleeping bag that is tapered at the ends to reduce air space and to conserve heat 10 Hiking Safety Activity Checkpoints Unlike short walks hiking involves lengthy cross country walking trips and often requires sturdy boots to provide traction on rocks and unruly earth floors With respect to the Leave No Trace philosophy it s important for hikers to leave trails as or better than they found them Although the action of one hiker may not strongly affect the environment the effects of large groups of hikers can degrade trails Caution Girls are not allowed to use firearms unless 12 years and older and with council permission girls are never allowed to hunt or go on high altitude climbs Girls are also never allowed to ride all terrain vehicles or motor bikes Know where to hike Connect with yo
51. aw design all over the foil Another key to successful foil packet cooking is how you fold the packets You need to allow room for heat expansion Use a piece of foil approximately 18 x12 for each serving The best way to fold is using a drug store fold 1 Bring the long edges of the foil together and fold down 2 3 times leaving room above the food for expansion 2 Fold in each side 2 times and crimp to make a seal Generally you cook with the seam side up but if the folds are secure this allows you to turn the packets to avoid burning the bottom if you place them directly on the coals Most recipes are best when cooked 4 6 above medium coals See Stick Cooking for information about coals and how to judge when they are medium The fire is important in foil cookery A shallow bed of glowing coals is needed that will last for the time required for cooking Use a log cabin type fire and let it burn down to embers 61 COOKING TIME Hamburgers Frankfurters Chops Carrot sticks Corn Potatoes sliced Apple Biscuits Chicken 8 12 minutes 5 10 minutes 20 35 minutes 15 20 minutes 6 10 minutes 10 15 minutes 20 30 minutes 6 10 minutes 25 minutes With some practice you will be able to judge cooking time and come up with some new recipes of your own Hints For biscuits grease sheet and allow room for rising e Poached eggs make little cups Place in fry pan drop egg in each cup 2 of water in fry pan Cover e Meat sli
52. by sinking air thunderstorm is dissipating not forming 22 o Cirrus clouds high in the sky like long streamers bad weather within the next 36 hours o Altocumulus clouds like mackerel scales bad weather within the next 36 hours The old sailor s saying for these types of clouds is Mares tails and mackerel scales tall ships carry short sails o Cloud cover on a winter night expect warmer weather because clouds prevent heat radiation that would lower the temperature on a clear night o Cumulus towers cumulus castellanus possibility of showers later in the day Observe animals They are more likely to react to changes in air pressure than we are o If birds are flying high in the sky there will probably be fair weather Falling air pressure caused by an imminent storm causes discomfort in birds ears so they fly low to alleviate it Large numbers of birds roosting on power lines indicates swiftly falling air pressure o Seagulls tend to stop flying and take refuge at the coast if a storm is coming o Animals especially birds get quiet immediately before it rains o Cows will typically lie down before a thunderstorm They also tend to stay close together if bad weather s on the way o Ants build their hills with very steep sides just before a rain o Cats tend to clean behind their ears before a rain o Turtles often search for higher ground when a large amount of rain is expected You will often see them in the
53. cabins or indoor camping spaces Current rules and regulations vary based on the space reserved 44 girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 4 Packing Considerations Contents Packing Checklist Ten Essentials for Backcountry Sleeping Bags Sleeping Pads Packs Footwear Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org Packing Below is a possible packing list for hikes and camping trips Some items are not needed on every trip Refer to the Safety Activity Checkpoints for the activities you plan to participate in for further guidance on equipment required Also check the rules and regulations of the place you plan to camp for a list of prohibited items Essentials O Drinking Water O Water Bottles O Waterproof Matches O Fire Starters O Swiss Army Knife O First Aid Kit Food and Cooking Gear Energy Bars Trail Mix Raw Veggies or Fruit Crackers Cheese Oatmeal OOoaqdadaqo Clothing and Outerwear Warm Hat Sun Hat or Baseball Cap Raingear Gloves Long Underwear OoOoOooaoa Personal Items O Toilet Paper O Biodegradable Soap O Feminine Hygiene Products O Washcloth Camping Gear O Tent O Rain Fly O Tent Stakes Extras O Watch O Camera 46 OOoaoa OO 000 000 000 Insect Repellent Map of the Area Compass Flashlight w fresh bulb Extra Batteries Sunglasses Hot Chocolate Tea Instant Coffee Re sealable Storage Containers or Bags Camping Stove and Fuel Lightweight Co
54. cal advice diagnoses and treatment consult a doctor Review this with a doctor prior to use a Reviewed by Kate Cronan MD Date reviewed November 2003 30 girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 2 Girl led Planning amp Progression Contents Outdoor Philosophy Travel Progression amp Readiness Determining the Trip s Focus Progression in the Outdoors by Activity Type Progression in the Outdoors by Grade Level Planning Steps for an Overnight Kapers Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org 31 Outdoor Philosophy Outdoor education occurs when Girl Scout programs are held outside The most important outcomes we want to accomplish include are e Achange in how the girl feels about herself amp relates to others e Girls develop values that relate to the environment e Potential contribution to the community The goal is to allow each girl opportunities to explore and develop an understanding of the outdoors It is the girls ability to feel good about herself and her contribution to the success of the group that is important not her ability to name twenty birds or tie ten kinds of knots Travel Progression Checklist If your group is thinking about travel consider first whether the girls are mature enough to handle the trip In determining a group s readiness for travel or camp assess the group s e Ability to be away from their parents and e Previous cross cultural experiences th
55. ce Marker go 5 steps 360 degrees Directions for a TRIANGLE Place Marker go 10 steps 120 degrees Place Marker go 10 steps 240 degrees Place Marker go 10 steps 360 degrees Directions for a RECTANGLE Place Marker go 6 steps 360 degrees Place Marker go 10 steps 270 degrees Place Marker go 6 steps 180 degrees Place Marker go 10 steps 90 degrees Directions for a RIGHT TRIANGLE Place Marker go 6 steps 270 degrees Place Marker go 8 steps 360 degrees Place Marker go 10 steps 160 degrees Directions fora PENTAGON Place Marker go 6 steps 72 degrees Place Marker go 6 steps 144 degrees Place Marker go 6 steps 216 degrees Place Marker go 6 steps 288 degrees Place Marker go 6 steps 360 degrees 96 Making your own Compass Explanation The earth produces a magnetic field This field although weak is sufficient to align iron and other paramagnetic compounds such as your needle within it By floating the needle on a cork or piece of Styrofoam you let it rotate freely so it can orient itself within the earth s magnetic field to point toward the north or south poles of the planet Overview Make a simple compass to find magnetic north Equipment Safety Sewing needle 1 inch long Small bar magnet Refrigerator magnets may work if you don t have a bar magnet A small piece of cork or piece of Styrofoam A small glass or cup of water to float the cork or Styrofoam and needle Needles are sharp treat th
56. ced potatoes and vegetables make a meal in one e Minute rice foil in shape of bowl add rice and water Seal top with a twist Place on grill over fire Use heavy duty foil e Thin sliced potatoes use plenty of butter add a little water Turn often e Corn on the cob remove husks Rub with butter Wrap Pocket Stew Put stew beef carrot onion spices and potato in foil Note Using 2 pieces of foil INDEPENDENTLY hastens the cooking time by acting as a small scale pressure cooker Place packages on hotbed of coals and begin timing Allow 10 minutes for each side Be careful NOT to puncture foil when turning Use tongs shovel and or gloves Banana Boat Slice lengthwise an unpeeled banana place marshmallows and chocolate inside Bake in coals Pi Che Hams Ingredients Sliced Ham Cheese Pineapple Hamburger Bun 1 Drain pineapple thoroughly 2 Place a slice of ham on bottom half of hamburger bun followed by cheese slice then pineapple slice then bun top 3 Wrap in foil and heat well in coals Toasted Cheese Sandwiches Make cheese sandwiches Butter outside of bread Wrap in several layers of foil and turn frequently to prevent burning Fried Chicken in Foil per person 1 2 pieces of frying chicken Pat of butter salt pepper Place butter and seasoning with chicken inside foil Use drug store wrap Wrap each piece in foil twice Place on coals never in flame Remove test piece in 10 minutes with tongs Check and rewrap Tu
57. ces they find to the rocks trails meadows and other areas they may find in the backcountry Refer to the Background Information for details ACTIVITY 4 Pack It In amp Pack It Out Quick Activity Find a location that is littered with garbage For example a park or a high school parking lot right after school If you cannot find a littered area near you simulate one at or near your meeting site Grabbing Your Group s Attention Have your group observe the littered site and record in writing what they think of this situation and how it makes them feel Present each member of the group with a garbage bag and with the challenge to make the area look more pleasant The Activity Have a contest to see who can collect the most garbage in 5 to 10 minutes Instruct the group to use care when picking up sharp rusty or unsanitary waste You may wish to have participants bring light gloves for this activity The Discussion Discuss what litter is and the effects of litter in general Discuss the effects of litter in the back try Divide participants into pairs and have them devise a plan for packing out their garbage on their next trip into the 73 backcountry Discuss each plan How do one pot meals contribute to the creation of less bulk and therefore less garbage What if anything can an individual do about the litter of other backpackers ACTIVITY 5 Leave What you Find Quick Activity Grabbing Your Group s Attention Ask particip
58. cess packaging and buy in bulk Review health considerations including the importance of keeping utensils and food preparation surfaces sanitized cleaning hands cooking meats thoroughly refrigerating perishables and using clean water when preparing food Do not use chipped or cracked cups and plates Cook with caution Girls learn about the safe use of kitchen tools and equipment including knives Maintain discipline in the cooking area to prevent accidents with hot food and sharp utensils Do not overfill cooking pots and do not use pressurized cans soda can stoves or plastic basins bottles and cooking utensils near an open flame Avoid spreading germs Each person has an individual drinking cup Cooks roll up long sleeves and tie back long hair Wash hands before food preparation and eating No person with a skin infection a cold or a communicable disease participates in food preparation Keep perishables cool Store perishables such as creamed dishes dairy products meats and salads at or below 45 degrees Fahrenheit in a refrigerator or insulated cooler with ice If this will not be possible use powdered dehydrated freeze dried or canned foods On extended trips do not use foods requiring refrigeration Use safe drinking water see the Water Purification Tips to reconstitute powdered dehydrated or freeze dried food Once reconstituted eat perishable items within one hour or refrigerate them Water Purification Tips 17
59. circle is being compromised Jackknives Swiss Army Knife are the only appropriate knives to bring on a camping trip other than kitchen knives Never walk with an open jackknife Whittling should be done in a sturdy seated position with feet planted and legs apart This way arms can be rested on the knees and whittling will occur away from any body parts Be sure to hold the knife firmly without placing the thumb on the blade a common bad habit Always whittle away from you never toward you Make sure to open and close the knife with the blade facing up Never snap a blade closed When passing any knife never release your grip until the receiver acknowledges receipt eg says thank you This way a knife does not get dropped while in transit A good progression for the use of knives is to start with cardboard knives carving soap and progress to real ones whittling wood AXES HATCHETS 84 Always use a Safety circle Stand up when using an ax or hatchet If right handed put the right foot forward and cut on an angle to the left If left handed put the left foot forward and cut on an angle to the right You don t need to swing an ax It is heavy enough to cut without swinging Lift the ax and guide it down into the wood Always make sure no one is standing or sitting close to you when you are cutting Carry an ax or hatchet to the side of your body with the handle facing down and your hand around the top The blade sh
60. coating sides Add brown sugar cherry pie filling and walnuts Top with cake mix Bake for 25 minutes with 14 coals on top and 8 on bottom Serves 10 12 Ham amp Potatoes Au Gratin 1 1 2 cups cooked ham diced margarine 2 cups milk 3 cups potatoes diced Seasoned salt amp pepper to taste 1 2 cup grated cheese cheddar 1 onion minced 2 TBS fine bread crumbs 3 TBS flour Layer potatoes and ham in oven Melt margarine and saut onion Blend in flour to make a light rue Gradually add milk and cook stirring until thickened Add pepper and seasoned salt Pour over ham and potatoes in oven Sprinkle cheese and bread crumbs over top Bake at 400 degrees for 20 minutes or until done Broccoli Casserole 2 cups cooked rice 2 pkgs frozen broccoli 1 cup milk 1 can cream of chicken soup 1 small jar Cheese Whiz 1 tsp Salt 1 2 cup chopped onion 1 Tbsp vegetable oil 1 sleeve Ritz crackers Pre heat Dutch Oven lid off with 10 charcoal briquettes under the oven In hot oven saut onion in oil Add 1 can cream of chicken soup 2 cups cooked rice and broccoli that has been thawed and drained Add 1 teaspoon salt cheese whiz and milk Stir well Crumble sleeve of Ritz crackers over top Cover with oven lid Place 10 12 charcoal briquettes on top of oven Bake for 30 minutes Check at least 1 time Pepperoni Casserole 1 Ib Spaghetti uncooked 2 Jars 280z spaghetti sauce 1 cup grated parmesan cheese 8 oz shredded cheddar cheese 8 oz
61. d If no pickup is available carry all garbage out with you Garbage may be burned only if it can be entirely consumed by fire and only if local regulations permit Water Sources While planning an outdoor activity check on the available water supply at the site Even for a day hike each girl should carry an adequate supply of water Only water from a tap that has been tested and approved by the local health department can be considered safe to use Other sources of water such as lakes streams or ponds must be purified Even a sparkling clear river in the wilderness can be contaminated by bacteria viruses protozoa chemicals dead animals or unsanitary conditions upstream out of view 53 Water Purification Portable water purification is used to treat water for drinking purposes Large rivers streams springs and wells may contain bacterial or protist contamination originating from human and animal waste pathogens such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp both of which cause diarrhea among other forms of contamination Portable drinking water systems or chemical additives are available for hiking camping and travel in remote areas The most common systems for purifying water while camping are e Boiling water is the most certain way of killing all microorganisms According to the Wilderness Medical Society water temperatures above 160 F 70 C kill all pathogens within 30 minutes and above 185 F 85 C within a fe
62. d cleared of any burnable material such as litter duff or pine needles Where wood gathering is permitted use only dead fallen wood and keep the cooking fires small Store wood away from the fire area Watch for flying sparks and put them out immediately Before leaving the site check that the fire is completely out by sprinkling the fire with water or smothering it with earth or sand stirring and then sprinkling or smothering again finally hold hands on coals ashes partially burned wood or charcoal for one minute to ensure it is cool to the touch Make a plan for disposing of cold ashes and partially burned wood You may scatter ashes and burned wood throughout the woods away from the campsite Do not put ashes and burned wood in a plastic pail do not leave a pail with ashes or burned wood against the side of a building or on a wood deck Obtain wood from local sources to avoid bringing pests and diseases from one location to another Practice safe cooking with charcoal fires If using charcoal fires are started with fuels explicitly labeled as charcoal starters never use gasoline as a fire starter Never add charcoal lighter fluid to a fire once it has started Tips for Food Preparation and Storage Prepare nutritious meals Meals are prepared with consideration of food allergies religious beliefs and dietary restrictions such as vegetarianism and veganism of group members Whenever possible buy food and supplies that avoid ex
63. dequate amount of fuel and store the extra fuel supply away from the cooking flame Never use portable cook stoves inside a tent Keep all stove parts clean Check that lines and burners are not clogged Do not refuel the cook stove or change canisters near an open flame Take care not to spill fuel if fuel does spill relocate the stove before lighting it Place portable cook stoves in safe level and stable positions shielded from the wind and away from foot traffic Do not pile rocks or other items around the cook stove for stability Do not overheat the fuel tank Use pots of appropriate size so that the stove is not top heavy Do not dispose of pressurized cans ina fire leave them in direct sunlight or keep them in enclosed areas where the temperature is high See the manufacturer s instructions on the label Store and dispose of fuel canisters in the recommended manner Be sure to check with local authorities to make sure cook stoves are permitted during times of extreme fire danger Cook safely with solar stoves If using solar cookware remember that pots and food inside a solar oven are hot even if the stove does not feel hot Use insulated gloves when removing pots and opening the lid Practice safe cooking with open fire If cooking over open flames build fires in designated areas and avoid establishing new fire sites An established fire site is clear of overhanging branches steep slopes rotted stumps or logs dry grass and leaves an
64. e Back ground Information for details to assist your decision 74 ACTIVITY 7 Respect Wildlife Quick Activity Grabbing Your Group s Attention Travel to a city park containing wildlife a wildlife viewing area or show pictures or slides of wildlife Ask the group why loud noises and quick movements are stressful to wildlife Ask if there are particularly sensitive times of the year for wildlife Have someone explain how they can tell if they are too close to wildlife Have someone explain how wildlife survive very cold winters or very hot summers The Activity Have the group observe the wildlife in the area and list things that might disturb each type of wildlife Have them list the things they could do to minimize their impacts to wildlife The Discussion Have each of the participants share their observations and things they would do to minimize disturbing wildlife and or wildlife habitat Discuss the negative effects if they did not observe these precautions with wildlife Discuss ways to view wildlife without harming them Encourage the group to observe wildlife from a distance to include the use of binoculars so the wildlife are not scared or forced to flee Remind them to always be kind to wildlife ACTIVITY 8 Be Considerate of Other Visitors Quick Activity Grabbing Your Group s Attention Tell the group that while traveling along a trail they will likely pass others hiking and or camping near the trail Ask what things they
65. e Compass Plastic base m Direction of Travel Arrow see below read bearing here arrow 7 Scale inches or millimeters Metal or Plastic Housing Dial n Red tipped magnetic needle the red tip always points toward the north magnetic pole unless another magnetic influence is nearby Black or Red Outlined Arrow see below internal north arrow n Orienting arrow Numerical Degrees 0 to 360 degrees Letter Directions cardinal points N E S W Py Z a8 Turnable degree dial Internal north arrow C Z N Magnetic needle 7 Reference http www nonprofitpages com nica Attic Compass htm How to find the bearing from an object e Point the direction of travel arrow at the object e Turn the degree housing dial until the orienting arrow internal north arrow lines up with the red end of the magnetic needle e Read the numerical degree at the bearing where the direction of travel read bearing here arrow intersects with the housing dial Some notes about using the compass Hold the compass flat so that the magnetic needle easily moves Since the needle is a magnet you need to be a couple feet away from any metal or other magnets The smallest unit on the compass is 2 degrees There are 20 degrees between numbers the larger mark on the dial between two numbers represents halfway between them so the larger mark between 340 and 360 equals 350 degrees 94 Using a Silva Compass to Follow a Trail e
66. e Fire starters Mini marshmallows 3 4 per person e Fire bucket Mini cup of water or juice 1 per person e Shovel Spoon 1 per person Directions 81 1 First have girls tie back hair and check for items that might dangle into fire and for nylon or synthetic fabrics 2 Clear a safety circle 5 10 feet out from the fire circle Make sure the area is clear of debris and that there are no overhanging branches Open up and spread out the napkin or put down paper plate 3 Lay your fire ring Arrange jelly beans M amp M s or Cheerios on the napkin plate in a wide circle 4 Fill your fire bucket and place it near the fire circle Put water or juice in the mini cup 5 Put your shovel nearby Put the spoon nearby 6 Lay the A frame using kindling The opening the bottom of the A needs to be facing you and your back needs to be to the wind Lay down three pretzel sticks so that they form a capital A with the crosspiece on top of the two sides 7 Place the firestarters in the center of the A frame with two or three under the crosspiece Distribute a few mini marshmallows in the A frame 8 Now add tinder in the center of the A frame resting on the cross piece of the A frame Sprinkle coconut or potato sticks 9 Kneel next to fire Light match away from your body Hold lit match under the crosspiece of the A frame and light the firestarters and tinder Use a toothpick as the match If the fire has been built c
67. e Unit girls may register as individual campers or go with buddies A day camp event may be at a council owned site or a site contracted by the council Travel Camping Trip Camping is a camping experience planned and carried out by a group of experienced participants and their advisors or staff Travel trip campers may camp at established camping sites Travel camping usually involved motorized transportation Trip camping usually involves self or animal assisted transportation i e walking or riding horseback Minimal Impact Camping is a method that encourages each person to leave no trace of their outdoor or camping experience It covers everything from the planning stages to the outdoor experience itself The concept of minimal impact can apply to any outdoor activity or camping environment The Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians is committed to establishing a camping experience that will protect and maintain the well being of every Girl Scout by providing Program Standards and safety guidelines for camping activities GSCSA is affiliated with the American Camp Association ACA a private nonprofit educational organization that provides members with educational and accreditation services An ACA accreditation indicates that a camp has met ACA standards The Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians meets Girl Scout standards as well as national and state standards set by law Research other places to camp www recreation go
68. e three days without water and three weeks without food your energy levels will be seriously depleted without these 6 Waterproof matches in waterproof container Waterproof matches available from most backcountry supply stores are capable of igniting in high winds and or blinding rain Building a fire may be impossible without these Fires are critical since they not only provide heat but also make the job of search and rescue teams easier by providing a visible signal 7 Candle Fire starter A candle burns much longer than does a match This is helpful when trying to start a fire especially if your firewood is wet 8 Pocket knife There are a multitude of applications for a pocketknife in emergencies The common Swiss Army Knife is so called because it is standard issue for the Swiss Army which has devised 246 uses for their standard 7 instrument knife 9 First aid kit Proper first aid care is difficult if not impossible without a good first aid kit Backcountry shops carry several brands of small lightweight first aid kits including small first aid manuals 10 Space blanket or two large heavy duty trash bags These items can help provide shelter in an emergency situation and can be used as a raincoat or a windbreak The additional warmth they provide far outweighs their minimal weight 47 Sleeping Bags Sleeping bags come in a wide range of designs shapes and fills The main function of a sleeping bag is to keep you warm on c
69. eir home e Ability to get along with each other and e Ability to adapt to unfamiliar surroundings handle challenges and situations e Ability to work well as a team e Ability to make decisions well and easily e Skills and interests Determining the Trip s Focus Making the choice to explore the outdoors should be girl s decision in your troop Whether the trip is a day hike or a cross country trek basic steps of trip planning are essentially the same It s true that as the locale gets farther away the itinerary more complex and the trip of greater duration the details become richer and more complex but planning every trip from a day long hike to an international trek starts by asking the following of your troop so that the girls lead the process What do we hope to experience Who will we want to talk to and meet What will we ask Where are we interested in going When are we all available to go Will everyone in our group be able to go Are there physical barriers that cannot be accommodated What are visiting hours and the need for advance reservations if any What are our options for getting there What s the least and most this trip could cost What can we do now to get ourselves ready How will we earn the money What s the availability of drinking water restrooms shelter and food Where is emergency help available What safety factors must we consider What will we do as we travel What will we do when we
70. em and lay foil wrapped food directly on them with tongs e Broiling arrange coals flat over an area large enough to provide heat for the food which is cooked on a rack above e Stick cooking a flat topped heap of coals is best for this e Skillet cooking a flat topped pile of coals just the size of griddle or skillet will prevent overheated hands and wrists Support the skillet on small rocks at each corner so that the bottom of the skillet is inch above the coals This allows some air circulation in the fire and keeps it hotter e Dutch Oven Cooking see following pages Foil Packets Foil packets can be a fun alternative in outdoor cooking One advantage is that many recipes may be prepared in advance at home then placed in the ice chest until time to cook Also there is minimal clean up Our girls simply eat out of their foil thus eliminating the need for doing dishes a welcome relief To be successful with foil packets use heavy duty foil and put a layer of wet paper towels between two layers of foil Have long handled tongs available but have the kind with rounded edges so you don t puncture the packets when turning them Another good accessory is a good pair of heat resistant oven mitts Girls often want to eat out of the foil packet they made so consider marking them with permanent markers best to do before wrapping since condensation from cold meat or vegetables can make it difficult afterwards Tip label or dr
71. em appropriately How to do the experiment Your compass will work better if you first run a magnet over the needle a few times always in the same direction This action magnetizes is to some extent Drive the needle through a piece of cork or Styrofoam so that is will be able to lie flat in parallel to the water Cork from wine bottles works well Cut off a small circle from one end of the cork and drive the needle through it from one end of the circle to the other instead of through the exact middle be careful not to stick yourself Float the cork needle in your cup of water so the floating needle lies roughly parallel to the surface of the water Place your compass on a still surface and watch what happens The needle should come to point towards the nearest magnetic pole If you want to experiment further try placing a magnet near your compass and watch what happens How close far does can the magnet be to cause any effects Finding your Pace 97 Mark off 100 feet on a flat surface Walk the distance three times Always start with your left foot Count each time your foot hits the ground as you walk Add up the three numbers and divide by three The number you get is the average number of paces it takes for you to walk 100 feet Now divide your average into 100 feet to get the length of your pace 100 your average feet There are 5280 feet in one mile How many steps would it take for you to walk one mile 528
72. er of gravity transfers the weight of the pack to the hips The frame is integrated into the pack making it flexible to movement and manageable to carry but hotter to wear then the external frame pack This pack is best when hiking on uneven or brushy terrain rock climbing or cross country skiing External Frame Pack External frame packs are distinguished by three components the frame the pack bag and the suspension system The frame distributes the load to the wearer s hips to eliminate weight on the back muscles and allows the wearer to stand straighter when walking The frame also holds the load away from the wearer s back which allows air to circulate making it cooler to wear then an internal frame pack This pack is best for carrying heavy loads and traveling on established trails Before choosing a type of pack consider the following Age and body size of the person Type of trip day hike or overnight Amount of gear needed Amount of weight the person can reasonably carry Kind of activity that will take place Ways to organize gear Cost of the pack Packing a Daypack e Practice packing your backpack lifting properly adjusting the straps and carrying the loaded pack before your trip e Line the inside of the pack with a garbage bag to keep items dry e Roll up clothing and place items inside of plastic baggies sorted by day or clothing type and then release all of the air inside the baggies Not only wi
73. ety Activity Checkpoints related to any activity you plan to do with girls When planning activities with girls note the abilities of each girl and carefully consider the progression of skills from the easiest part to the most difficult Make sure the complexity of the activity does not exceed girls individual skills bear in mind that skill levels decline when people are tired hungry or under stress Also use activities as opportunities for building teamwork which is one of the outcomes for the connect key in the Girl Scout Leadership Experience Health Histories Including Examinations and Immunizations You are to maintain Health Histories and other necessary medical information records for your group Please keep in mind that information from a health examination is confidential and may be shared only with people who must know this information such as the girl herself her parent guardian and a health practitioner For various reasons some parents guardians may object to immunizations or medical examinations Councils must attempt to make provisions for these girls to attend Girl Scout functions in a way that accommodates these concerns It is important for you to also be aware of any medications a girl may take or allergies she may have Medication including over the counter products must never be dispensed without prior written permission from a girl s custodial parent or guardian Ask your council staff person if you need a fo
74. fore departure 11 12 Girls plan the activity Keeping their grade level abilities in mind encourage girls to take proactive leadership roles in organizing details of the activity Encourage girls to plan routes activities rules for group living and guidelines for dealing with problems that may arise with other groups of hikers Arrange for transportation and adult supervision Ensure that the hiking adult or instructor has experience in teaching hiking techniques and trip planning Ensure that one adult is in front of the group of hikers and the other is in the rear of each group and that both are familiar with the area The recommended adult to girl ratios are two non related adults at least one of whom is female to every e 6 Girl Scout Daisies 12 Girl Scout Brownies 16 Girl Scout Juniors 20 Girl Scout Cadettes 24 Girl Scout Seniors 24 Girl Scout Ambassadors Plus one adult to each additional e 4 Girl Scout Daisies 6 Girl Scout Brownies 8 Girl Scout Juniors 10 Girl Scout Cadettes 12 Girl Scout Seniors e 12 Girl Scout Ambassadors Compile key contacts Give an itinerary to a contact person at home call the contact person upon departure and return Create a list of girls parents guardian contact information telephone numbers for emergency services and police and council contacts keep on hand or post in an easily accessible location Also know the location of the nearest landline telephone in case cellular phones do not
75. g 10 to 30 DEET Make sure that garages attics and woodpiles are free of spider webs and that children wear long sleeves and pants when playing around these areas Note All information Is for educational purposes only For specific medical advice diagnoses and treatment consult your child s doctor Review this with a doctor prior to use Reviewed by John Bernardi MD and Deborah Mulligan Smith MD Date reviewed April 2004 27 Poison Ivy Oak Sumae Contact with poison ivy oak sumac plants can cause an allergic rash Mild rashes can be treated at home and mostly cause discomfort from itching burning or blistering Severe widespread rashes require medical treatment Signs and Symptoms An itchy or burning rash appears within 2 to 3 days as small red bumps that usually blister Blisters can be different sizes and may ooze clear fluid The bumps and blisters may look like straight lines or streaks on the child s skin The rash may begin to look crusty as it heals What to Da 1 Wash skin and scrub under fingernails immediately with soap and water 2 For itching use calamine lotion avoid using on the face especially near the eyes or on the genitals or an oral antihistamine such as diphenhydramine avoid antihistamine containing creams or lotions which can worsen the rash and itching Cut fingernails short to keep the child from breaking the skin when scratching 4 Place cool compresses on the child s skin as
76. g one of the following e an excursion to an outdoor setting such as a park canyon river or desert e an excursion to a natural setting via a slide show color photographs or posters e a mind excursion where participants imagine their favorite natural setting e amind excursion where participants close their eyes while you describe a natural setting The Activity Give each participant a piece of paper and a pencil Have them make three columns with the titles Things in Nature Things We Have in Common How It Helps Me Participants are to observe their environment physically if they are outdoors or mentally if they are indoors They must find objects in nature and tell how they are like that object Make sure they consider less noticeable things such as air soil sun For example Things in Nature Things We Have in Common How It Helps Me e Tree We both have an outer layer to protect us bark skin A tree gives me oxygen e Soil We both contain minerals Soil helps grow my food e Ant We both need shelter They are fun to watch The Discussion Have participants share one or more of their connections Help them to discover that this personal connection is where a commitment to land stew ship begins Land stewardship is the goal of Leave No Trace Outline for them what they will be learning about Leave No Trace in the future ACTIVITY 2 Plan Ahead amp Prepare Quick Activity Note Tell your group you are going to take an imaginary
77. gin to incorporate the concepts of a minimal impact approach with the first simple activities the troop does Girls need to understand that their daily actions have an effect on the environment In all Girl Scout program activities girls can learn and practice simple practices that will lead to an understanding and application of minimal impact outdoor skills Leave No Trace Activities Source http www I nt org training activities index html Leave No Trace is a national outdoor skills and ethics education program The activities found here were created to help share the value and importance of Leave No Trace principles with young people many can be adapted for adults The following information describes how the activities are designed and how to fit them to your personal needs Why Leave No Trace Between 1965 and 1980 backcountry visits jumped from 4 million visitor days per year to 10 million per year A visitor day is a 12 hour stay by one person In 1984 the number grew to 15 million visitor days up 275 percent in less than 20 years The numbers of backcountry and front country visitors continue to grow at a fast pace As cities grow and populations encroach upon wild lands and recreation areas we must do more than just pick up litter and extinguish campfires we must learn how to maintain the integrity and character of the outdoors for all living things However Leave No Trace is not simply a program for visiting the backcountry it i
78. he local health department Use long handled utensil tongs or tool to remove sanitized dishes 1 tablespoon of bleach per 1 gallon of cold clean water e Air dry and store dishes in a clean covered area Dispose of dishwashing and rinse water according to the campsite regulations In backcountry areas scatter wastewater on the ground at least 200 feet beyond any water source or trail Outdoor Cooking Links e OutdoorCook com www outdoorcook com e Leave No Trace www Int org Outdoor Cooking Know How for Girls e Learn how to start a fire without matches What are the ways that you can get a fire going without using matches or a lighter Read camping how to books or online sources to learn how e Plan outdoor recipes Vote for your favorite meals and plan how to cook them outdoors For additional outdoor recipe ideas read Discover the Outdoors netwoods com and outdoorcook com Outdoor Cooking Jargon e Dunk kit A mesh bag used to hold dirty dishes the bag is dunked into hot water or chlorine solution and then hung to dry with clean sterilized dishes inside e Dutch oven A cooking kettle used for baking in an open fire do not use soap on cast iron 18 What to Do If You Get Lost or Separated From the Group Everyone needs to safeguard against getting lost Carrying a whistle is a good practice as three blasts of a whistle is considered as a universal distress signal The Hug a Tree program is an excellent prevention tr
79. hilly nights It should also be comfortable and breathable Sleeping bags work by trapping warm air created by the body and prevent it from cooling off The smaller the airspace is inside the bag the warmer the bag will be There are three main styles of sleeping bags mummy bags rectangular bags and tapered bags semi rectangular Tapered bags and mummy bags are tight fitting bags that can keep you very warm However if you plan to camp only when it is warm the rectangular bag may be more suitable The down side to rectangular bags is that they are often heavy and bulky which makes them less practical on backpacking trips The warmth and insulating properties of the sleeping bag are also related to what it is filled with Down filled bags are lightweight and last long but are more expensive than synthetic filled bags Synthetic filled bags are also more resistant to wetness than the down filled bags Care and Cleaning Tips e Sleeping bags should be removed from their carry sacks and shaken out periodically e Store sleeping bags flat or hang them up in a large bag Storing bags for long periods of time in their traveling bags compresses the fibers and results in a loss of insulating properties e Occasionally wash synthetic and down filled bags in a washing machine commercial machines with no agitator with mild soap e Dry the bag on low and tumble dry with a number of tennis balls to encourage the bag to loft Sleeping Pads Sleeping pads
80. inciples of minimal impact camping described by Leave No Trace Store garbage in insect and animal proof containers with plastic inner linings and cover it securely when there is a campsite garbage pickup service When there is no garbage pickup service remove garbage from campsite in plastic bags and discard as appropriate Recycle whenever possible Do not bury food carry out garbage grease and fuel canisters Do not remove natural materials such as leaves or branches Be prepared for primitive campsites For sites that don t have electric lights and toilet facilities observe these standards e Choose and set up campsite well before dark Use a previously established campsite if available Make sure the campsite is level and located at least 200 feet from all water sources and below tree line Avoid fragile mountain meadows and areas of wet soil Avoid camping under dead tree limbs Use existing fire rings if a fire is necessary If a latrine is not available use individual cat holes holes for human waste that are at least 200 feet away from the trail and known water sources to dispose of human waste visit www I nt org for more information e Do dishwashing and personal bathing at least 200 feet away from water sources Store food well away from tents and out of reach of animals Where necessary hang food at least 10 feet high from a rope stretched between two trees If the site is in bear country check with local authorities on prec
81. its and sauce Layer with green pepper onion mushrooms pepperoni and cheeses Bake at 350 degrees for 25 30 minutes or until cheese is melted Let stand for 5 10 minutes before serving Cheeseburger Pie 2 Ibs ground beef 2 medium onions peeled and chopped 1 Tbs salt 2 cups 8 oz shredded cheddar cheese 1 large green pepper cored and chopped 2 cups Bisquick 1 cup milk 3 eggs 1 Tbsp cooking oil In a frying pan brown the ground beef chopped onions and chopped pepper Drain if necessary Stir in salt Meanwhile thoroughly blend Bisquick eggs and milk You can use a ziplock plastic bag to do this saves a dirty bowl Grease the oven with cooking oil Soread the beef mixture evenly in bottom Pour Bisquick mix evenly over top Do not stir in Sprinkle cheese over top evenly Do not stir in Bake for 30 40 minutes or until knife in center comes out clean Suggestion Save some campsite preparation time by browning the beef onions and pepper the night before the outing place in a freezer bag and freeze wrap in newspapers to keep cool until oven time Quick Biscuits While you are preheating the oven 10 charcoal briquettes underneath make rolled or drop if you re camping biscuits using the recipe off a Bisquick box Powdered milk works just fine Put the biscuits into the oven and cover Let sit for 5 7 minutes this browns them on the bottom Lift the oven off the bottom coals and put 25 coals on top Cook another 8 10 minutes
82. king stove is most preferable in the backcountry Remember many wilderness areas ban fires to reduce the risk the forest fires Camp stoves are designed to burn at least one type of gas ex white gas kerosene butane or propane Butane and propane cartridge stoves are handy and light weight and are a good choice for warm weather campers and hikers Always test the stove and become familiar with its operation before using it on a trip Safety tips 80 An adult must be present to supervise the use of any stove while girls are cooking In preparation for working near any open flame tie back long hair roll up loose sleeves and do no wear clothing with dangling ends Plastic or synthetic garments are extremely flammable and can cause severe burns as they often melt rather than burn Take an adequate amount of fuel Store extra fuel supply away from the cooking flame To avoid an accident a stove must be used on a level surface and out of the way of foot traffic Do not pile rocks or other items around the cook stove for stability When using butane or propane be sure to carefully thread the canisters to the stove coupling so there is no leakage A liquid fuel stove should not be refueled in the cooking area Carry the stove away from any flammable equipment and the cooking area before refueling it Refuel the stove on a level surface after it has cooled down When using liquid fuels use a funnel to transfer the fuel from the container t
83. king you do not get ashes into the dish Do this quickly so you do not lose too much heat I use a pair of pliers to lift the hot lid also have a heavy oven mitt on my hand If you are baking a cake or bread you can test it by pushing a straw into the dough and pulling it out If it comes out dry or with crumbs on it the dish is done If it has a golden brown crust you can remove it from the oven If you want to brown it some more you can remove the coals from under the oven and place additional coals on the lid If it is not done keep the oven on the coals and possibly place additional coals on the lid if the top needs to be browned more You can also obtain a quickly golden crust when the dish has been completely cooked by placing a piece of aluminum foil over the coals on the lid In one or two minutes you should have the brown you want Extinguishing charcoal With tongs place each briquette one at a time into metal pail of water When water has cooled dump water out of pail leaving coals in bucket Sprinkle ashes in stove with water and stir Gather up foil lining together with ashes and dispose in trash bag Coals may be reused when dry 64 Cherries and Chocolate Cake 1 can 20 oz cherry pie filling 3 4 cup brown sugar cup chopped walnuts 1 stick butter or margarine 1 box chocolate cake mix and needed ingredients Mix cake mix according to directions on package Melt butter or margarine in bottom of oven carefully
84. l Scout Seniors e 12 Girl Scout Ambassadors e Compile key contacts Give an itinerary to a contact person at home call the contact person upon departure and return Create a list of girls parents guardian contact information telephone numbers for emergency services and police and council contacts keep on hand or post in an easily accessible location Also know the location of the nearest landline telephone in case cellular phones do not receive reception e Ensure the safety of sleeping areas Separate sleeping and bathroom facilities are provided for adult males many councils make exceptions for girls fathers Ensure the following Each participant has her own bed Parent guardian permission must be obtained if girls are to share a bed e Adults and girls never share a bed It is not mandatory that an adult sleep in the sleeping area tent cabin or designated area with the girls If an adult female does share the sleeping area there should always be two unrelated adult females present During family or He and Me events in which girls share sleeping accommodations with males ensure the details are clearly explained in parent guardian permission slip Girls share resources Encourage girls to make a list of the gear and supplies and determine what can be shared Support girls in creating a checklist of group and personal equipment and distribute to group members Prepare for emergencies Ensure the presence of a waterproof firs
85. l adults and girls should be registered members This insurance coverage e ls not intended to diminish the need for or replace family health insurance e Does not duplicate medical expense benefits collected under other programs e After approximately 100 in benefits have been paid under this plan the family s medical insurance takes over e f there is no family insurance or healthcare program a specified maximum of medical benefits is available A separate plan of activity insurance is available for purchase at a relatively small price for Girl Scouts taking extended trips and for non members who participate in Girl Scout activities These plans are secondary insurance that individuals are entitled to receive while participating in any approved supervised Girl Scout activity This type of insurance coverage is for any Girl Scout activity that involves non Girl Scouts or lasts longer than three days and two nights Contact the council staff to find out how to apply Providing Emergency Care As you know emergencies can happen Girls need to receive proper instruction in how to care for themselves and others in emergencies There are great awards that address emergency preparedness They also need to learn the importance of reporting to adults any accidents illnesses or unusual behaviors during Girl Scout activities 5 To this end you can help girls Know what to report See Procedures for Accidents below Establish and practice
86. le shell and replace top G O R P Good Old Raisins amp Peanuts Yield 12 cups Combine e 2 cups peanuts e 2 cups M amp M s e 2 cups raisins e 4 cups bite sized shredded wheat or rice e 2 cups chopped apricots or other dried fruit cereal 58 Super Peanut Butter Spread Combine e 1cup peanut butter e cup honey e cup wheat germ e 1 cup well drained crushed pineapple If necessary add pineapple juice until spread is right consistency Ants on a Log Spread peanut butter on celery and decorate with raisins on top Cream cheese or soft yellow cheese may substitute for peanut butter Rye Crisp or other whole grain crackers can substitute for celery One Pot Meals If you have a group that numbers more than about 8 or if appetites are unusually large plan on using two pots on your cookstove for your one pot meals A large Dutch oven is ideal but that the one with the feet The large pot of the standard nested camp cookware sets also works well One big advantage of a one pot meal is that there is only one pot to clean Therefore you tend to avoid recipes where more than one pot is required like pasta dishes where the pasta is cooked separately when referring to one pot meals One Pot Master Plan Feeds 12 Base 3 pounds hamburger browned 1 large onion chopped 1 large bell pepper chopped 2 cans tomato soup Salt and pepper to taste Put all into one pot Additions to create variation American Ch
87. least 200 feet away from water sources Store food well away from tents and out of reach of animals Where necessary hang food at least 10 feet high from a rope stretched between two trees If the site is in bear country check with local authorities on precautions to take e See that garbage tampons sanitary supplies and toilet paper are carried out Take safety precautions Fire safety rules emergency procedures and first aid for burns are reviewed with the group and understood Procedures are established and known in advance for notifying the fire department or land management agency officials in case of a fire Fire drills are practiced at each site Prepare for emergencies Ensure the presence of a waterproof first aid kit and a first aider with a current certificate in First Aid including Adult and Child CPR or CPR AED who is prepared to handle burns and other injuries related to the location including extremes of temperature such as heat exhaustion heat stroke frostbite cold exposure hypothermia as well as sprains fractures and sunburn If any part of the activity is located 60 minutes or more from emergency medical services ensure the presence of a first aider level 2 with Wilderness and Remote First Aid If feasible a vehicle is available to transport an injured or sick person See Volunteer Essentials for information about first aid standards and training On the Day of Outdoor Cooking Get a weather report On the morning
88. ll this keep your clothing items dry and clean it will conserve space in your pack e Place your soft things clothing etc in the lower part of your pack e Place heavier items stoves food pots pans etc in the middle to upper part center of the pack e Place toiletries and things you may need to use during the day toilet paper insect repellent first aid kit rain gear etc where they can be easily accessed such as in a side pocket or on the top of your pack 49 Footwear and Care Factors to consider before selecting footwear What will the terrain be like How heavy a load will be carried How much support do the hiker s feet and ankles require Are the hiker s feet still growing e How much do the boots or shoes cost Sturdy walking shoes running shoes or lightweight hiking boots are usually adequate for light to moderate loads on trail hiking and for hikes less then 2 hours in duration Heavy boots are tiring to walk in and may tear up fragile vegetation Don t choose a pair heavier than you need Boots should fit snugly but not constrict the feet The heel should be seated firmly with no side to side movement and only a slight up and down motion On a flat surface the toes should be about a thumb s width from the front of the boot Ona steep slope the foot should slide toward the front of the boot just enough to allow a finger to fit between the ankle and the collar of the boot The arch ball of the foot sho
89. nd rescue procedures for missing persons are written out in advance reviewed and practiced by girls and adults Methods of communication with sources of emergency care such as hospitals and park and fire officials are known and arranged in advance Prepare for emergencies Ensure the presence of a waterproof first aid kit and a first aider with a current certificate in First Aid including Adult and Child CPR or CPR AED who is prepared to handle cases from extremes of temperature such as heat exhaustion heat stroke frostbite cold exposure hypothermia as well as sprains fractures insect stings tick bites snake bites sunburn and altitude sickness a first aider level 2 with Wilderness and Remote First Aid is present for hikes of 10 miles or more and away from emergency assistance If feasible a vehicle is available to transport an injured or sick person See Volunteer Essentials for information about first aid standards and training On the Day of Hiking Get a weather report On the morning of the camping trip check weather com or other reliable weather sources to determine if conditions are appropriate If severe weather conditions prevent the hiking activity be prepared with a backup plan or alternate activity Write review and practice evacuation and emergency plans for severe weather with girls Use the buddy system Girls are divided into teams of two Each girl chooses a buddy and is responsible for staying with her buddy at
90. needed Wash all clothing that the child has recently worn plus any items or outdoor pets that may have come into contact with the plant the rash covers a large portion of the body or is on the genitals or the face the rash is getting worse despite home treatment the skin looks infected increasing redness warmth pain swelling or pus has a known severe allergy to poison ivy oak sumac develops swelling around the nose or mouth complains of chest tightness or difficulty breathing sounds hoarse or is having trouble speaking develops redness or swelling widespead over the body becomes dizzy or lightheaded was given a dose of injectable epinephrine Think Prevention Teach children what poison ivy oak sumac look like and how the plants appearances can change during different times of the year Make sure kids always wear long sleeved shirts and pants whenever playing close to these plants Note All information Is for educational purposes only For specific medical advice diagnoses and treatment consult a doctor Review this with a doctor prior to use Reviewed by Kate Cronan MD and Mary Mondozzi MSN RN CPNP Date reviewed November 2003 1995 2007 The Nemours Foundation All rights reserved 28 KidsHealth KidsHealth www KidsHealth org 29 Animal bites and scratches that break the skin can cause infection Fast Fact Rarely animal bites particularly from Bats raccoons skunks wild animals can c
91. o involve all of the girls in menu planning have them work in patrols or committees If cooking is to be done in patrols have each patrol plan its own food This variety will be stimulating and the fun of sampling another patrol s food will add to the adventure The Grab or Grub Bag is a fun way to plan menus Use several large grocery bags Label the bags breakfast lunch dinner and snacks OR main dish salad dessert beverage OR grain group meat group fruit and vegetables and milk group Have the girls write on 3x5 cards their favorite food for each meal Once they have finished all three meals they place their cards in the appropriate bag Now have the girls tally the results with the majority of the food selections being your menu Shopping for Food Shopping for the trip is an important experience for the girls Encourage girls to comparison shop Read labels determine the nutritional value weight cooking time and cost of items Terms such as instant quick cooking pre cooked partially pre cooked or just add water indicate that the food item may be prepared quickly Food selection can be more varied in weight and cooking time are not important factors If the girls are camping at an established site greater varieties of foods can be chosen including fresh foods and refrigerated items Packaging Food 52 The food purchased for a trip can be repackaged into meal or patrol sized servings and packed by the meal
92. o the stove To avoid a flare up when lighting the stove do not overfill it If the stove has a refillable tank before each meal make sure that the tank has enough fuel to cook the meal No flame should be present in any site where fuel may have spilled Never open a refillable fuel tank while the stove is ignited even if the tank is running low Liquid fuel must be carried in a clearly marked bottle with a tight fitting gasket Avoid contamination of food or spillage on clothing by carrying the stove and fuel upright in plastic bags separated from food and clothing Never cook inside a tent or indoors Keep all parts of the stove clean Check that lines are not clogged Do not dispose of pressurized cans in a fire place them in direct sunlight or keep them in enclosed areas where the temperature is high Edible Fire As you help your girls put the fire together explain what they are doing and how it relates to a real campfire Materials Needed e Safety Circle clear area Paper plate or paper napkin 1 per person e Fire ring Jelly beans M amp M s or Cheerios a handful per person e Tinder Shredded coconut or potato sticks a small pinch per person e Kindling Pretzel sticks a small handful per person e Matches Toothpick 1 or 2 per person e Fire Red hots for small flames and candy corn for large flames 2 3 or each per person e Fuel Pretzel logs licorice Twizzlers or Tootsie Rolls 4 5 per person
93. oking and Eating Utensils Extra Underwear Quick drying Swimsuit Fleece Shirt and Pants Change of Clothes Footwear Toothbrush and Toothpaste Comb Deodorant Shampoo Ground Tarp Sleeping Bag Sleeping Pad Duct Tape Cord or Rope m Oooaoagdo 000 0 O Sunscreen Whistle Trash Bags Park Fire and Camping Permits Cup and Bowl Cooking Pots and Pans Pot Holders Dish Scrubber Biodegradable Dishwashing Soap Hiking Socks Extra Socks Hiking Boots or Shoes Suited to the Terrain Small Towel Bandana Lip Balm w SPF Tent Repair Kit Binoculars The Ten Essentials for Backcountry Day Hiking Packs Source http www mra org training General Backcountry Safety pdf Every backcountry user even on seemingly insignificant day hikes should carry the most basic equipment commonly referred to as the Ten Essentials The survival equipment clothing and other resources you carry will increase your chances of surviving an emergency Technically skilled and highly experienced rescue mountaineers never go into the field on search or rescue missions without these ten essentials Carefully selected these items can easily fit within a small backpack This list of Ten Essentials assumes your trip is a summer excursion At any other time of the year be sure to bring more of the right kind of clothes When choosing your equipment remember that the body s ability to maintain its core temperature is critical to your sur
94. om Meat poultry and vegetable dishes can be cooked with even heat To bake biscuits or bread in the Dutch oven you will want at least two thirds of the 63 heat on top of the lid and even then it s wise to lift the oven off the coals after part of the cooking time to avoid blackening the biscuit bottoms while the tops brown It is important to have a small air space between the coals and the bottom of the oven This can be as little as 1 4 inch If there is no air space when you set the oven over the coals set the legs on flat thin rocks to get this space Placing the charcoal on a piece of aluminum foil will cut down on heat loss if the ground is wet or cold Aluminum foil can also be used as a windbreak either by placing it over the coals on the lid or around the oven When foil is used as a windbreak more frequent checks are needed to make certain that you do not burn the food Although many types of foods can be cooked right in the Dutch oven it is usually better to have the food in a pan that is set in the Dutch oven If the pan is set on some type of rack more uniform heat circulation around the entire dish results in more even cooking The rack can be one from the kitchen or it can be made out of three or four small stones You will want to check the progress of your food within 10 minutes of putting the coal on This can be done simply by lifting the lid enough to see your dish Remember to use foil to cover top so that when chec
95. on a lengthy hike learn how to read a map and use a compass Look at a map to understand where you started and where you plan to finish What do you anticipate you ll see during your hike Learn about regional nature What flowers trees insects are unique to the area you re hiking in Hiking Jargon 13 Blaze A mark often on a tree that indicates a trail s route most often the blaze is painted with a bright color e Hot spot A place on the foot that is sore as a result of a shoe s rubbing and irritation and where a blister will form use moleskin to make a doughnut shape around the hot spot to prevent blisters Outdoor Cooking Safety Activity Checkpoints Historically wood fires were the primary source of heat for camp cooking but the practice of cooking with large fires is no longer recommended because of the detrimental effects on camping areas Instead use an established fire pit to ignite a small fire or use alternative cooking methods such as a portable cook stove electric or fuel based When cooking outdoors it s important to pack the appropriate amount of food for the group so as to avoid discarding unused food To properly plan food supplies consider the activities you ll be participating in keeping in mind that girls will burn more calories and hence need to eat more when participating in rigorous activities Also more calories are needed during cold weather Extensive outdoor cooking is not recommended for Gi
96. ood preparation If a table is not available portable tables may be brought from home or lashed Keep the area organized and clean and provide instruction supervision and discipline in safe cooking fire building and use of kitchen tools and equipment The method used for cooking will be determined by the activities planned the experience of the campers availability of resources and regulations pertaining to the types of fires permitted for the area The camp site may have established fire areas such as built in fireplaces barbecue units sheepherder shepherd stoves fire rings or be limited to the use of portable cook stoves Be sure that appropriate permits where applicable have been secured 54 Equipment area Every piece of camping equipment needs to have a designated place for its storage Campers need to be instructed in proper care and usage as well as responsibility for safe storage of equipment after usage Saws axes hatchets and knives present a safety hazard if handled negligently Always be sure that the equipment is appropriate for the activity and suitable for the girls with regard to age size maturity and ability Equipment should be maintained in good repair to prevent unnecessary injury a safety check prior to an activity is advised Places for equipment and to store dry things R f ANa JN PACK BASKET WITH WET CHEESE CLOTH FOR TEMPORARY STORAGE OF BUTTER MIAK ete A place for w
97. op Suey e 4cans spaghetti Spanish Rice e 1 large package of minute rice cooked separately Spaghetti e 1 large package spaghetti cooked separately Macaroni Beef e 1 large package of macaroni cooked separately Chili e Acans red kidney beans e 2 4tsp chili powder 59 Yoki Special e 3 cans of spaghetti e 2 cans of peas Squaw Corn 3 cans of corn e pound diced cheese e 3 cans chicken soup e 3 cans of water e 4cups uncooked macaroni Gumbo e Omit tomato soup e 3 cans chicken gumbo soup Campfire Stew e 4cans of vegetable soup Hunter s Stew Omit tomato soup e 1 pound regular rice e 3 cans vegetable soup e 3 cans beef broth Hungarian Hot Pot e 4 cans pork and beans Day Camp Special e Omit tomato soup e 2 cans chicken gumbo soup Stick Cooking Stick cooking should be done over hot coals not flames Make sure that your coals are about the right temperature To test for medium coals place your hand above the coals about 6 If you can leave your hand there for 4 seconds they are medium 3 seconds for medium high One very common stick cooking dish is kabobs You can cook many of your favorite food combinations with your favorite marinades for tasty kabobs Skewers come in many sizes and styles You may want to design your own Wooden skewers are best used with quick cooking foods Avoid the ones that are sold in craft stores rather than grocery stores as sometimes they have wood or oil that is toxic
98. orrectly the leader then adds the red hots to show that the fire has been lit 10 Add kindling in a crisscross fashion being careful not to smother the fire Add more pretzel sticks 11 When the kindling is burning well add fuel Add pretzel logs Twizzlers or Tootsie Rolls and candy corn for large flames 12 When you are done with your campfire put the flames out by sprinkling water from the fire bucket simulate sprinkling or sip your beverage 13 Use shovel to stir the ashes use spoon to stir 14 Place hand over ashes for one minute to make sure they are cool When the fire is completely extinguished girls can eat their campfire 82 girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 8 Sharps Knives Axes Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org Tool Craft Safety Always establish a safety circle around you a ring about an arm s length in all directions around above and below before using any sharp object i e knife saw ax hatchet KNIVES Knives can be an indispensable tool to use in the outdoors when used properly and safely The main emphasis should be on the safety aspect Here are some safety rules to consider Make sure that the girls have a three foot safety circle This is an imaginary circle drawn around them with a three foot radius with them in the center It is their responsibility to respect each other s circle of safety and to warn others when that three foot safety
99. ot be reliable e Remember the rhyme Red sky at night sailor s delight Red sky at morning sailors take warning Look for any sign of red in the sky not a red sun it will not be a bold orange or red the majority of the time but that depends a little on where you live o If you see a red sky during sunset when you re looking to the west there is a high pressure system with dry air that is stirring dust particles in the air causing the sky to look red Since prevailing front movements and jet streams weather usually move from west to east see Tips the dry air is heading towards you o A red sky in the morning in the East where the sun rises means that the dry air has already moved past you and what follows behind it on its way towards you is a low pressure system that carries moisture e Look for a rainbow in the west This is the result of the rising sun s morning rays from the east striking moisture in the west Most major storm fronts travel west to east and a rainbow in the west means 20 21 moisture which can mean rain is on its way On the other hand a rainbow in the east around sunset means that the rain is on its way out and you can look forward to sunny days Remember Rainbow in the morning need for a warning Detect which direction the wind is blowing If unable to immediately detect the wind s direction throw a small piece of grass in to the air and watch its descent Easterly winds can indicate an appro
100. ould be facing to the backside of you Lay the ax or hatchet on the ground for another person to pick up and use Keep the ax or hatchet in its case if it has one when not being used Always use a Safety circle Place the piece of wood that is going to be cut on the ground If you are right handed put your right knee on the ground if left handed vice versa Hold the wood down securely with your left hand Keep fingers hands legs and feet away from the blade at all times Cut with long straight strokes Carry the saw safely to the side of your body with the blade pointing toward your back If you must pass the saw place it on the ground or pass it by the handle with the blade down girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 9 Knots Contents Bowline Clove Hitch Constrictor Half Hitch Lark s Head Sheepshank Sheetbend Square Knot Tautline Hitch Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org 85 Bowline A very useful and common knot which forms a loop that can not slip Image source http www 28thcambridgescouts org uk images bowline jpg Clove Hitch Used to fasten one end of a rope to a tree or post Image source http www 28thcambridgescouts org uk images clovehitch jpg 86 Constrictor Knot Used to tie a knot in the middle of a rope commonly used to hang a bear bag Image source http www realknots com knots constric htm Half Hitch Used to fasten a rope
101. purchase your charcoal To adjust the heat for your grilling needs if raising the cooking surface is not an option which is generally true when camping simply spread the coals or push them together depending on whether you wish to lower or raise the temperature respectively If you need to add more coals add them to the outer edges of the hot coals NEVER add charcoal lighter fluid to hot coals Charcoal Cooking Procedures e Line stove with foil or lay sheet of foil on the ground for easy clean up e Place a fire starter in the center Paraffin sawdust or milk carton fire starters or trench candles may be used e Place charcoal ring around fire starters e Stack charcoal inside charcoal ring About 30 briquettes are enough for an average fire unless you are cooking a large quantity of foil wrapped food e Light the starter and allow it to burn undisturbed for 30 45 minutes or until the briquettes begin to turn ash grey Vigorous fanning with a piece of heavy cardboard will speed up the process e Cooking should not begin until all briquettes are grey over most of their surface When fire is ready for cooking the coals should be arranged to the type of cooking desired 60 Types of Charcoal Cooking e Pot cooking a flat topped pile just the size and shape of the bottom of the pot is best Pot should be placed directly on the coals Soaping pot is not necessary e Foil cooking spread the coals so there is 1 inch space between th
102. r rock it from side to side while removing it 2 Put the tick in alcohol to kill it 3 Wash your hands and the site of the bite with soap and water 4 Swab the bite with alcohol Call the child s doctor if the tick may have been on the skin for more than 24 hours part of the tick remains in the skin after attempted removal the child develops a rash of any kind especially a red ringed bull s eye rash the area looks infected increasing redness warmth swelling pain or oozing pus the child develops symptoms like fever headache fatigue chills stiff neck or back or muscle or joint aches Think Prevention When playing in wooded areas children should wear long sleeved shirts and pants Spray insect repellent containing no more than 10 to 30 DEET on exposed skin and clothing After kids play outside check their skin especially the scalp behind the ears the neck under the arms and the groin Note All information Is for educational purposes only For specific medical advice diagnoses and treatment consult your child s doctor Review this with a doctor prior to use Reviewed by John Bernardi MD and Deborah Mulligan Smith MD Date reviewed May 2004 1 995 2007 The Nemours Foundation All rights reserved KidsHealth www KidsHealth org a eee Signs ol a Severe Most spider bites cause only mild reactions in children and can be wis treated at Allergic Reaction home Occasionally thou l a
103. ract the attention of those searching for them For example Tie a piece of brightly colored cloth to a high branch or rock Flash a mirror or other reflective surface at any passing aircraft Make a smoky fire in a safe open place Draw large signs on the ground that could be seen from the air Stay in the area Don t wander Yell or whistle if someone is heard nearby If a camper does become missing for more than an hour notify authorities and follow crisis communications procedures Be sure to notify everyone concerned when the camper is found 19 How to Predict the Weather without a Forecast Source http www wikihow com Predict the Weather Without a Forecast Long before technology was developed to predict the weather people had to rely on observation patterns and folklore to avoid being caught off guard by the elements If your plans livelihood or even your survival depend on the weather it certainly wouldn t hurt to become familiar with some of these methods especially since you never know when you might be out of touch with the local weather report These methods aren t foolproof but they have their usefulness and if you don t have a forecast on hand what do you have to lose by trying them e Check the grass for dew at sunrise If the grass is dry this indicates clouds or strong breezes which can mean rain If there s dew it probably won t rain that day However if it rained during the night this method will n
104. rier e Atarp a large plastic polyethylene tarp with aluminum grommets is sufficient and inexpensive e Rope 50 100 feet of approximately 3 8 inch nylon cord or clothesline rope e A few light weight tent stakes e Duct tape to repair rips in the tarp e Bungee cords optional Tips 43 It is very important to think about drainage when you are setting up your tarp Naturally if the site has a slope you need to consider the slope when setting up the tarp Ideally you want to have the tarp drain on the downhill side of the site Angle the tarp with the low edge facing the wind The wind will be forced over the campsite instead of through it more importantly water can run off the tarp instead of collecting in a pool If water collects on top of your tarp raise the top corner with a stick or pole to allow the water to run off the sides To create a lean to orient the tarp so that the low end is towards the prevailing weather Tie the high end to a rope stretched from tree to tree Peg down the low end at or close to the ground to help deflect the wind It is important to stretch the tarp tight If it is not tight it will flap in the wind If your tarp loses a grommet find a small stone In the corner where the grommet is missing wrap a small amount of tarp fabric around the stone then tie it off with a piece of cord You can then use that nub as an attachment spot for a guy line Platform Tents Several of GSCSA s camps offer large
105. rl Scout Daisies but a less extensive activity such as roasting marshmallows is appropriate Know where to cook outdoors Preferably at campsites with designated fire pit areas Connect with your Girl Scout council for site suggestions Include girls with disabilities Communicate with girls with disabilities and or their caregivers to assess any needs and accommodations Learn more about the resources and information that Global Explorers and Wilderness Inquiry provide to people with disabilities Outdoor Cooking Gear Basic Gear Pots and pans Portable water for drinking cooking and cleaning Biodegradable dishwashing soap Pot scrubber Hand sanitizer or soap and paper towels Mess kit with nonbreakable plates bowls mugs and cutlery in dunk bag Knives Containers to store leftover food Can opener No plastic garments such as ponchos are worn around open flame Rubber band barrette or bandana to tie back hair Specialized Gear Firefighting equipment including fire extinguisher water loose soil or sand and a shovel and rake Portable cook stove and fuel Long handled cooking utensils such as ladles Pot holders and or insulated gloves Insulated cooler and ice for food storage Water purification method tablets or filter if needed 14 Prepare for Outdoor Cooking 15 Communicate with council and parents Inform your Girl Scout council and girls parents guardians about the activity including details about s
106. rm for this situation Some girls may need to carry and administer their own medications such as bronchial inhalers an EpiPen or diabetes medication Common food allergies include dairy products eggs soy wheat peanuts tree nuts and seafood This means that before serving any food such as peanut butter and jelly sandwiches cookies or chips ask whether anyone is allergic to peanuts dairy products or wheat Girl Scout Daisies and Brownies should be aware of their allergies but double checking with their parents guardians is always a good idea First Aid and CPR Once troops are ready to begin camping outdoors First Aid and CPR training are necessary At least one adult must have First Aid and CPR training for all outings beyond the usual meeting location If you plan to take your troop camping please see the requirements listed below Level 1 First Aider One adult with the troop must have current certification in First Aid Level 1 and Adult and Child CPR or CPR AED before any camping trip or before any outing beyond the meeting This may be a parent or an adult volunteer They must carry a fully stocked first aid kit according to their training recommendations Level 2 First Aider If any part of an activity is located 60 minutes or more from emergency medical services or if a camping event has more than 200 participants ensure the presence of a first aider level 2 First aiders level 2 pass the same course as first aiders le
107. rn over each foil package without puncturing as steam will escape Takes about 20 minutes 62 Dutch Oven Cooking The Dutch oven is the utensil that can make it possible for you to enjoy the same type of foods in camp that you have at home To a large extent it is true that if you can cook it at home you can cook it in a Dutch oven at camp Dutch ovens are made of cast iron or cast aluminum Cast iron ovens are easier to find than cast aluminum The thickness of the metal helps to distribute the heat around the entire dish that is being cooked With the Dutch oven set over coals and with coals on the lid the temperature within the Dutch oven can be varied by increasing or decreasing the number of coals Dutch ovens come in various sizes Diameters of 10 12 14 and 16 inches are common with depths of 4 or 6 inches For cooking for groups of 8 persons a number 12 oven is fine A number 10 oven is fine for pies and cakes The lid to the Dutch oven is important A Dutch oven that is used in one s kitchen usually has a dome lid but this type of lid is not suitable for camp cookery For camp cookery the lid should have a flanged or raised lip around the rim With the top recessed coals can be placed on the lid to increase the heating efficiency of the Dutch oven A new cast iron Dutch oven needs to be broken in before it is used This involves covering the inside of the Dutch oven with a coating of shortening The inside of the lid is also coa
108. s Invite guests Set table Prepare centerpiece Select teach and lead the grace Serve guests and leaders first Are responsible for good table manners and conversation Wash dishes of guests and leaders Fire Builders Build care for and extinguish cooking fires Are responsible for fire safety during meal preparation May be responsible for fireplace and woodpile kaper jobs Cooks Prepare cook and serve food Responsible for kitchen health and safety Put food away after meal Dispose of all food not to be used again Get all food preparation dishes and pots ready to be washed Put dish water on to heat during the meal Clean Up Set up dishwashing area Watch to see that garbage is sorted properly for disposal Supervise individual dishwashing Wash all cooking dishes and pots Clean up cooking area and wash tables Sweep Dispose of garbage and trash NOTE Program activities such as Scout s Own flag ceremony campfire program should be incorporated into the general kaper chart 37 38 girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 3 Camp Site Selection Contents Types hee ng R bia elter Platform Tents Cabin Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org Types of Camping Front country camping car camping consists of camping at a developed campground Developed campgrounds typically have restrooms and sites with fire rings grates and picnic tables We recommend you choose to camp at one of GSCSA
109. s a way of life and learning Leave No Trace concepts begins at home The knowledge and concepts enabling visitors to Leave No Trace are easily taught both before and during outings With a little preparation you can teach people the value of our reviving natural areas and methods to preserve them for future generations e Incorporating Leave No Trace skills contributes to a safe and fun outdoor trip e Leave No Trace methods help preserve limited recreational resources for today and tomorrow e Helps to ensure a positive outdoor experience for all those who spend time outside The Seven Principles of Leave No Trace 1 Plan Ahead and Prepare e Know the regulations and special concerns for the area you ll visit e Prepare for extreme weather hazards and emergencies e Schedule your trip to avoid times of high use e Visit in small groups when possible Consider splitting larger groups into smaller groups e Repackage food to minimize waste e Use amap and compass to eliminate the use of marking paint rock cairns or flagging 70 2 Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces e Durable surfaces include established trails and campsites rock gravel dry grasses or snow e Protect riparian areas by camping at least 200 feet from lakes and streams e Good campsites are found not made Altering a site is not necessary e In popular areas Concentrate use on existing trails and campsites Walk single file in the middle of the trail even when wet or
110. s one of the very first activities that Girl Scouts founder Juliette Gordon Low encouraged for girls The key to an enjoyable group camping experience is being prepared by packing just enough gear supplies and clothing that are appropriate for the weather sleeping situation and cooking meals Girl Scouts advocate for the Leave No Trace method of camping which involves leaving a campground the way it exists in nature free of garbage and human impact Caution Girls are not allowed to use firearms unless 12 years and older and with council permission girls are never allowed to hunt or go on high altitude climbs Girls are also never allowed to ride all terrain vehicles or motor bikes Camping with Girl Scout Daisies Under the leadership of an adult a Daisy troop may participate in an occasional overnight camping experience Daisies who have completed kindergarten may independently participate at day camp and in resident camp experiences lasting up to three nights Daisies who have completed first grade may independently participate in resident camp experiences lasting four or more nights Know where to camp Girl Scout camps public private state and national parks and sites deemed appropriate by local and state authorities Connect with your Girl Scout council for site suggestions and for information on using a non council owned site Search for campground locations by location at Reserve America Include girls with disabilities Communicate
111. sebag 6 Foil Packets 2 One Pot Meals 7 Dutch Oven Cooking 3 Stick Cooking 8 Box Oven Cooking 4 Skillet Griddle Cooking 9 Solar Cooking 5 Grilling Nosebag Nosebag refers to a bag filled with grain that fits over a horse s muzzle In Girl Scouts it generally refers to anything that can be carried with us and eaten on the way Simple things such as a walking salad of carrots and celery sticks fit nicely into this category Remember that if the weather is hot recipes using mayonnaise should be avoided unless you have a way to keep it cool Each person can eat what she herself brings Of course a greater variety and choice is possible if everyone pools sandwiches fruit vegetables cookies etc This would be a good time to check the contents of each nosebag to see how many contained a balanced meal with Egg meat fish or cheese Milk if possible One vegetable at least carrot sticks cucumber sticks celery radishes Fruit oranges apples peaches pears good thirst quenchers dried raisins The walking salad Enriched bread in sandwiches or as bread and butter if you have a hard cooked egg carried in the shell or chunk of cheese e Cookies fit here too Walking Salad e Cut the top off an apple and core it leaving the bottom skin over the hole e Scoop out the pulp of apple and chop o Mix with peanut butter cottage cheese or cream cheese may substitute raisins nuts and granola cereal e Stuff mixture back into app
112. severe Hine of the fa th allergic reaction to s sry can be ath zt lle viget ki life threatening if leh untreated And ga iculty EOR E ee some spider bites such as those from chest tightness wheezing or difficulty the poisonous black widow and brown breathing recluse spiders need immediate care dizziness or fainting abdominal pain nausea or vomiting eeeeeeoeeoeoeeooeeee Signs and Symptoms of Brown Recluse or Black Widow Spider Bites deep purple or blue area around the bite fever surrounded by a whitish ring and a larger headache outer red ring abdominal pain swelling or redness around the bite pink or reddish urine joint stiffness or pain general feeling of sickness muscle spasms tightness and stiffness lack of appetite body rash If the child was bitten by a spider other than a brown recluse or black widow and doesn t seem to be having an allergic reaction 1 Wash the bitten area with soap and water 2 Apply an ice pack or a cool wet cloth to the bite to relieve pain and swelling 3 Elevate the area to slow the spread of venom Seek emergency medical care if the child has any signs of an allergic reaction the child develops any kind of rash after a bite the area begins to look infected increasing redness pain swelling warmth or pus you think the child was bitten by a brown recluse or black widow spider Think Prevention Insect repellents are useful but use one containin
113. shredded mozzarella cheese 8 oz sliced pepperoni Layer all in oiled oven beginning with 1 2 inch of spaghetti sauce Spaghetti sauce should coat both sides of spaghetti pasta as the pasta will cook while absorbing the flavor of the sauce Bake 1 hour with 14 coals on top and 10 on bottom 65 S mores Bars 8 to 10 whole graham crackers about 5 inches x 2 1 2 inches 1 pkg fudge brownie mix 13 x 9 inch pan size pkg 2 cups miniature marshmallows 1 cup 6 oz semisweet chocolate chips 2 3 cup chopped peanuts Arrange graham crackers in a single layer in a greased 13 x 9 x 2 baking pan Prepare brownie batter according to package directions Spread over crackers Bake at 350 for 25 30 minutes or until a toothpick inserted near the center comes out clean Sprinkle with marshmallows chocolate chips and peanuts Bake 5 minutes longer or until marshmallows are slightly puffed and golden brown Cool on a wire rack before cutting Yield 2 dozen Biscuit Pizza Bake 1 pound ground beef 1 can 15 oz pizza sauce 1 cup chopped green pepper 1 2 cup chopped onion 1 pkg 3 1 2 02 sliced pepperoni 1 cup 4 0z shredded mozzarella cheese 1 cup 4 oz shredded cheddar cheese 1 can 4 0z mushroom stems and pieces drained 2 tubes 12 oz each refrigerated buttermilk biscuits In a skillet cook beef over med heat until no longer pink Meanwhile quarter the biscuits place in a greased oven Top with pizza sauce Drain beef sprinkle over biscu
114. t aid kit and a first aider with a current certificate in First Aid including Adult and Child CPR or CPR AED who is prepared to handle cases from extremes of temperature such as heat exhaustion heat stroke frostbite cold exposure hypothermia as well as sprains fractures and altitude sickness If any part of the activity is located 60 minutes or more from emergency medical services ensure the presence of a first aider level 2 with Wilderness and Remote First Aid A vehicle is available or an ambulance is on call at all times to transport an injured or sick person See Volunteer Essentials for information about first aid standards and training On the Day of Group Camping Get a weather report On the morning of the camping trip check weather com or other reliable weather sources to determine if conditions are appropriate If severe weather conditions prevent the camping trip be prepared with a backup plan or alternate activity Write review and practice evacuation and emergency plans for severe weather with girls Use the buddy system Girls are divided into teams of two Each girl chooses a buddy and is responsible for staying with her buddy at all times warning her buddy of danger giving her buddy immediate assistance if safe to do so and seeking help when the situation warrants it If someone in the group is injured one person cares for the patient while two others seek help Respect the environment and keep campsite clean Use the pr
115. t safety precautions and any appropriate clothing or supplies that may be necessary Follow council procedures for activity approval certificates of insurance and council guidelines about girls general health examinations Make arrangements in advance for all transportation and confirm plans before departure e Girls plan the activity Keeping their grade level abilities in mind encourage girls to take proactive leadership roles in organizing details of the activity and to plan menus rules for group living and on site activities e Obtain camping credentials Ensure that the adult has been a part of council group or troop camp learning on supervising group camping Group camp education generally covers outdoor program activities minimal impact camping skills safety procedures and standards and methods of dealing with homesickness e Arrange for transportation and adult supervision The recommended adult to girl ratios are two non related adults at least one of whom is female to every e 6 Girl Scout Daisies See Camping With Girl Scout Daisies details in this checkpoint s introduction e 12 Girl Scout Brownies e 16 Girl Scout Juniors e 20Girl Scout Cadettes e 24 Girl Scout Seniors e 24 Girl Scout Ambassadors Plus one adult to each additional e AGirl Scout Daisies See Camping With Girl Scout Daisies details in this checkpoint s introduction 6 Girl Scout Brownies 8 Girl Scout Juniors 10 Girl Scout Cadettes 12 Gir
116. taff o Names and telephone numbers of parents guardians o Contact information for local emergency services such as the police fire department or hospital emergency technicians o Your region s Regional Emergency Contact Information After receiving a report of an accident council staff will arrange for additional assistance if needed at the scene and will notify parents guardians as appropriate Your adherence to these procedures is critical especially with regard to notifying parents or guardians If the media is involved ALWAYS let council designated staff discuss the incident with these representatives In the event of a fatality or other serious accident notify the police A responsible adult must remain at the scene at all times In the case of a fatality do not disturb the victim or surroundings Follow police instructions Do not share information about the accident with anyone but the police the council and if applicable insurance representatives or legal counsel Regional Emergency Council Contact Information Remember this number is for serious emergencies only You are to use your knowledge gained in First Aid CPR Training for less serious incidences For less serious situations be sure to contact your council staff person as soon as you can the next business day to inform them of the incident All GSCSA Regions 800 474 1912 6 Group Camping Safety Activity Checkpoints Camping a great Girl Scout tradition i
117. ted The oven is then placed over low heat and the shortening is allowed to melt This should be done several times prior to using it for the first time Any surplus shortening in the oven after it has been conditioned should be drained out When you are through with the cast iron oven you have the problem of cleaning it Some people will tell you never to wash out a Dutch oven Some prefer to wash the Dutch oven if needed and recondition it immediately after washing it If the cast iron Dutch oven is not going to be used for some time make certain that there is a heavy coating of shortening worked into it If it has been stored for a long time it is always a good idea to recondition it before it is used again This sounds like a lot of work but actually it takes little time after YOU have broken the Dutch oven in After placing food in the Dutch oven cover the top with aluminum foil This will help prevent ashes getting into your food when you check your food s progress Use charcoal briquettes to cook in the oven For a 12 oven 300 degrees 14 on top and 7 bottom 325 degrees 15 on top and 7 bottom 350 degrees 16 on top and 8 bottom 375 degrees 17 on top and 9 bottom 400 degrees 18 on top and 9 bottom 425 degrees 19 on top and 10 bottom 450 degrees 21 on top and 10 bottom 500 degrees 23 on top and 11 bottom A pair of kitchen tongs is fine for handling hot coals For stews and soups most of the heat should be on the bott
118. u have enough people to help assemble it However if you re doing any backpacking or backcountry camping you will want a small light weight tent Remember to consider how much gear will need to go in the tent along with the number of girls A dome style tent will allow plenty of movement inside the tent and can be quite spacious in inclement weather An A frame tent has very little headroom but uses less material in the tent design therefore it is usually a lighter style tent In addition A frame tents typically cost less than other designs and are suitable for summertime troop camping Tips Never place a candle camp stove lantern heater open flame or uncovered mirror in or near a tent Pitch tents far enough away from any cooking area so that the wind cannot blow a spark onto the tent Never use plastic as a sleeping shelter because it is highly flammable Prior to the trip check the condition of all tents poles ropes pegs etc Apply seam sealant to new tents as instructed by the tent manufacturer Use a plastic sheet or ground cloth under the floor of the tent to give added protection from stones and sharp sticks and to keep the tent dry Keep the interior clean by sweeping or shaking it out each day and before packing it Make sure the tent is completely dry before storing it Place stakes and poles in a separate bag Bring materials to repair holes or rips in tents with you on the trip needle and nylon thread special tapes
119. uld correspond to the shape of the boot New hiking boots should be worn inside for the first few days to assure a comfortable fit and to break them in before the trip hike Foot Care Proper foot care is very important A painful blister can ruin your hike e Do not wear cotton socks or cotton liners They will soak up foot perspiration stay damp and cause blistering Wear socks that wicks perspiration away from your feet and allows it to evaporate Wear socks that are comfortable and provide extra padding Wear a polypropylene Capiline or Thermax liner under wool or a wool synthetic blend sock even in hot climates Change socks several time a day Wash and dry feet at the end of the day During the first hour of the hike allow time to stop and readjust shoes or boots and socks If rubbing or a red spot occurs stop and place moleskin or molefoam padding over the site Do not wait until a blister forms e Never put moleskin directly on a blister that has already formed instead place the moleskin or molefoam padding around it If possible put an antiseptic on the affected area and allow it to dry before applying the moleskin 50 girl scouts Troop Camp Basics Part 5 Menu Planning Recipes amp Equipment Contents Basic Menu Planning Purchasing amp Storing Food Food Storage Water Sources amp Purification Cooking amp Clean up Stations Advanced Nutrition Outdoor Cooking Progression Nosebag One Pot Meals
120. ur Girl Scout council for site suggestions Also to locate hiking areas near U S metropolitan areas visit localhikes com Include girls with disabilities Communicate with girls with disabilities and or their caregivers to assess any needs and accommodations Contact national parks to inquire about their accommodations for people with disabilities and learn more about the resources and information that Global Explorers and Wilderness Inquiries provide to people with disabilities Hiking Gear Basic Gear Lightweight layered clothing and outerwear appropriate for weather conditions Rain jacket or poncho Waterproof sunscreen SPF of at least 15 and lip balm Hat or bandana Sunglasses Water bottle or hydration pack each girl carries at least one quart Nonperishable high energy foods such as fruits and nuts Insect repellent Flashlight Whistle Specialized Gear Day pack Hiking trail boots or footwear Map and compass or map and global positioning system GPS Pocket knife Prepare for Hiking e Communicate with council and parents Inform your Girl Scout council and girls parents guardians about the activity including details about safety precautions and any appropriate clothing or supplies that may be necessary Follow council procedures for activity approval certificates of insurance and council guidelines about girls general health examinations Make arrangements in advance for all transportation and confirm plans be
121. ur Pace Girl Scout Council of the Southern Appalachians www girlscoutcsa org 91 Compass Skills Reference http www funsocialstudies learninghaven com articles compass htm The compass has four main points or cardinal points These are North N South S East E and West W If you think of a compass like a clock the North is a 12 East at 3 South at 6 and West at 9 N The intercardinal points are the points half way between the cardinal points They are named for the points they lie between They always begin with North or South They are Northeast NE Southeast SE Southwest SW and Northwest NW N 92 The secondary intercardinal points lay half way between the cardinal points N S W amp E and the intercardinal points NE SE SW amp NW They are named according to the points they lie between The cardinal point comes first and then the intercardinal point For example the first four are North northeast NNE East northeast ENE East southeast ESE and South southeast SSE N NW WNW ENE WSW ESE SW ssw e S The compass is divided into 360 degrees the same as any other circle North is at 0 degrees The cardinal points are 90 degrees apart therefore North 0 East 90 South 180 West 270 The intercardinal points mark the midway point between the cardinal points Therefore NE 45 SE 135 SW 225 and NW 315 93 How to Use a Silva Compass The parts of th
122. v Reservations www nps gov National Park Service http www fs fed us USDA Forest Service http www tennessee gov environment parks Tennessee State Parks http gorp away com gorp resource us_nra ace tn htm U S Army Corps of Engineers http www trails com activity asp area 13564 http www thecampingsource com http www koakampgrounds com KOA Campgrounds 40 Tents Important features of a tent to consider are O Flame retardant O Pole construction should be strong and O Weight lightweight O Capacity O Strong zippers O Portability O Accessory interior pockets for small items O Ease of set up and loops to hang a flashlight O Ventilation O Stakes and poles packed in a separate bag O Floor design from the tent O Netting for doors and windows O Fabric breathable O Headroom O Color should blend in with the O Waterproof tent fly Waterproof material environment and design Choose a tent that suits the type of camping activity and the needs of the troop Consider the following questions during planning How many girls are going on the trip and how many girls can share a tent How much room is necessary for each person and her gear Is it important to have standing room How will the tents be transported What styles of tents are needed Dome A frame What types of weather conditions are possible Oo OC 0 0 0 If you are front country camping it does not matter how big the tent is as long as yo
123. vel 1 and also have emergency response first response sports safety wilderness first aid and or advanced first aid and CPR training This includes camping in remote areas backcountry camping wilderness hiking boating trips etc They must carry a fully stocked first aid kit according to their training recommendations Camp and Travel Forms Day trips and limited overnights do not need council approval The Application for Extended Travel and or High Risk Activity Participation form must be completed for all travel lasting three or more nights as well as any trips involving special equipment and or activities not listed in the Safety Activity Checkpoints and or activities with high risk Applications are due in the council office a minimum of two months prior to a regional or national trip or one year prior to an international trip The application must be approved before girls proceed with further planning Girl Scout Activity Insurance A portion of the individual annual membership dues pays for supplementary insurance for the member only This insurance provides up to a specified maximum for medical expenses incurred as a result of an accident while a member is participating e in an approved Girl Scout Activity e ata supervised Girl Scout activity e after the individual s primary insurance pays out Non registered parents tagalongs brothers sisters friends and other persons are not covered by basic coverage This is one reason al
124. ver the heads of a tied bundle of matches with nail polish Sawdust cupcakes Fill cupcake paper with sawdust Cover with hot paraffin Another sure way to start a fire especially handy when the wind is blowing requires only two flashlight batteries and some fine steel wool double 00 or finer Line up the batteries in the same order that they go into a flashlight Hold a long coil of fine steel wool to the bottom of the batteries then brush the other end across the steel knob at the top of the batteries A spark will appear in the steel wool like magic Nestle steel wool in tinder and blow gently 78 Laying a Fire The A Frame ee KDL So RIMAL PEL Make the letter A out of large kindling or small fuel in the center of your fire pit The wood you choose should be about 12 long and about 1 2 in diameter The sides of the A can rest directly on the floor of the fire pit the crossbar should rest on top of the sides Place tinder inside the top triangle of the A so that one end of each twig is resting on the floor of the fire pit and the twigs are all leaning against the crossbar of the A The result should be a sort of miniature lean to of twigs Don t pack your tinder too closely make sure you re leaving enough space for good ventilation The TeePee The picture below shows how to build a small teepee of tinder and kindling to use in lighting a larger fire It uses a ball of fibrous tinder
125. vival in the backcountry 1 Topographic map and magnetic compass Too often backcountry users venture deep into the backcountry without a map and compass The fact that they are able to safely venture back out is usually pure dumb luck With a map and compass it is much easier to identify your location and direction of travel This is especially important in the event that you become lost 2 Flashlight with extra batteries and bulb How far do you suppose you could safely travel at night in the backcountry without a flashlight Could you signal others if you saw a campsite far away A flashlight makes travel at night possible and aids in signaling when lost 3 Extra clothing including mittens hat jacket and rain gear Hypothermia is the most common killer of backcountry users Inability to maintain body heat can quickly rob an unsuspecting victim of all energy and common sense Since severe weather may present itself very quickly in the backcountry extra clothing should be carried to help maintain body heat 4 Sunglasses Especially in the winter ultraviolet glare from the sun can cause blindness Worst of all the backcountry user may not realize this is happening until it is too late A good pair of sunglasses designed to limit ultraviolet light will eliminate this risk 5 Extra food and water These items will maintain energy levels in the case of an emergency and help maintain body temperature in cold weather While you can surviv
126. w minutes So in the time it takes for the water to reach the boiling point 212 F or 100 C from 160 F 70 C all pathogens will be killed even at high altitude The moment your drinking water reaches a rolling boil the water has already become safe to drink except for the risk of chemical toxins e Portable pump filters are commercially available Water purifiers or filters can be carried Be sure the filter is small enough to trap the harmful microorganisms e Add iodine to water as a solution or in tablet form to kill many but not all of the most common pathogens present in natural fresh water sources Carrying iodine for water purification is an imperfect but lightweight solution for those in need of field purification of drinking water Directions for iodine tablets Place one tablet in a quart of water and allow time for it to dissolve Shake the bottle to make sure the iodine is distributed throughout making sure to include water that might be on the cap and threads of the bottle Allow approximately 30 minutes for the process to take place lodine kits are available in camping stores that include an iodine tablet and a second pill vitamin C or ascorbic acid that will remove the iodine taste from the water after it has been disinfected lodine alone is not considered effective against Cryptosporidium and is limited in its effectiveness against Giardia Cooking Eating Area Many areas have tables available which can be used for f
127. with girls with disabilities and or their caregivers to assess any needs and accommodations Learn more about the resources and information that Global Explorers and Wilderness Inquiries provide to people with disabilities Camping Gear Basic Gear Clothing and rain jacket or poncho that can be layered Hat gloves and thermal underwear for cool temperatures Socks with sturdy shoes hiking boots or sneakers no sandals clogs flip flops or bare feet Waterproof sunscreen SPF of at least 15 Hat Sunglasses Towels and basic personal hygiene supplies shampoo soap comb and so on Daypack Insect repellent Specialized Gear e Flame resistant tents or tarp no plastic tents e Compass and map or map and global positioning system GPS e Sleeping bag rated for the anticipated temperature e Mosquito netting where necessary e Cooking supplies pots pans utensils mess kit and dunk bag and so on e Cooler for food storage e Portable cook stoves and fuel whenever possible to reduce the use of firewood e Flashlight and other battery powered lights no candles kerosene lamps portable cook stoves heaters or other open flame devices are used inside tents e Lantern fueled by propane butane kerosene or gas for outdoor use e Water purification kit Prepare for Group Camping e Communicate with council and parents Inform your Girl Scout council and girls parents guardians about the activity including details abou

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