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SUNA Manual

1. 56 Table 21 Synchronization header frame definitions 00eeeeeeeeeeeeeees 58 Table 22 APF data frame definitiON ooccoccccccccccncccnnnennninnnennnenineninenininininonos 59 Table 23 MBARI data frame definitiON ccoccccccconccononccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnos 60 Index of Illustrations Illustration 1 Drawing of Standard SUNA with 10 mm path length 11 Illustration 2 Drawing of Standard SUNA with 5 mm path length 11 Illustration 3 Drawing of Standard SUNA with 10 mm path length and wiper 12 Illustration 4 Drawing of Standard SUNA with 5 mm path length and wiper 12 Illustration 5 SUNA SubConn MCBH8MNM bulkhead connector face view 13 Illustration 6 Foul Guard co ii iii 64 Illustration 7 SUNA with integrated WIPED oooccononccoccconnccoccconananononononnnnnonnnnnnnnnns 65 Illustration 8 Space requirements for the integrated WipeT seeseeeeees 65 Illustration 9 Flow Gell 25 occ ia a ida 66 Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 4 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 1 About This Manual 1 About This Manual The SUNA is a versatile sensor that can operate in diverse environments It is adaptable to a wide variety of deployment scenarios and supports multiple interfaces This manual provides guidance on how to properly deploy the sensor and on how to intera
2. 48 5 3 2 Periodic Operating Mode 2 cccccceeseeesesceeeeeeececeeseedeeseeseeseees 49 5 3 3 Polled Operating Mode c ccoo 49 5 3 4 SDI 12 Operating Mode 22 ccccccneeseeeecedeceeeeeeeenesneseenseneeeeeeeteees 50 5 4 Data Processing ConfiguratiON cccconnnononccocnncnccnnncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 51 5 4 1 Basic Data Processing sico 51 5 4 2 Special Case Bromide TraciOQ oocoonnccccnnnnncccnccnoconcnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 51 5 4 3 Special Case Highly Absorbing Water ooooonocconccccnnnccccccccancnnnnnnnnnnos 51 6 USE DESNIMOS sa 53 6 1 PLOMO eet ole ea ciaetee a R a a ae oes 53 6 1 1 Objectives and Considerations cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 53 Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 2 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 2 Example naci AAA A cee 53 02 MODs es AN 54 6 2 1 Objectives and Considerations ccecectereessdeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteees 54 6 22 AI NS a ay peda psoas Spe e as 55 DUNA Frame Definitions ts oa 57 7 1 Frames with Synchronization Headers oooocoooccccccncccccccccccccncnnnnnnnccnnnncnnnnns 57 ER araats cel eaten ds a ea 58 Ao MBARI PAIN St A eae eae oy aes aes a 60 8 DUNA CallbraloFles narr 61 Sl PSN oi A A 61 92 HIS FORMA A A 61 SiS Pale Interpreta ton OR 61 Oe Fin Wea Parade data ape 62 9 1 Firmware Upgrade Using SU ACOM occcccccnnnnononococincncnonananannncccncnnnn
3. 51 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 5 Configuration Parameters in Context Configuration Absorbance Cutoff Integration Time Adjustment Integration Time Factor Integration Time Step Integration Time Maximum Factor Table 18 Data processing configuration parameters in use case context Name Acceptable Values Subsection for Explanation Lower limit of fit interval 217 350 Basic processing Upper limit of fit interval 217 350 Basic processing Concentrations to fit 1 3 Basic processing Temperature correction On Off Temperature Salinity Correction Salinity fitting On Off Temperature Salinity Correction Bromide tracing On Off Bromide Tracing Absorbance cutoff 0 01 10 0 Highly Absorbing Water Integration Time Adjustment Off On Persistent Highly Absorbing Water Integration Time Factor 1 20 Highly Absorbing Water Integration Time Step 1 20 Highly Absorbing Water Integration Time Maximum 1 20 Highly Absorbing Water Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 52 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 6 Use Scenarios 6 Use Scenarios 6 1 Profiling 6 1 1 Objectives and Considerations A profile is a continuous series of measurements taken over a depth range where nitrate concentrations may be collected for either down and up cast or both The descent and ascent rate together with the sensor s data ra
4. 562mm 22 1in 63mm 21mm 196mm 5mm i 8in 7 7in 2in 597mm 8 PIN BULKHEAD BRASS 23 5in Illustration 2 Drawing of Standard SUNA with 5 mm path length Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 11 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor 724mm 28 5in 589mm 23 2in ZEBRA TECH HYDRO WIPER SUNA V2 W on A ya E ID lt ES 218mm 10mm 8 Sin 4in 8 PIN BULKHEAD BRASS 624mm 24 6in Illustration 3 Drawing of Standard SUNA with 10 mm path length and wiper 719mm 28 3in 584mm 23 0in RRA TECH HYDRO WIPER SUNA V2 5 W el S 218mm 8 6in 8 PIN BULKHEAD BRASS 63mm Polea 5mm 2in 619mm Illustration 4 Drawing of Standard SUNA with 5 mm path length and wiper 24 4in Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 12 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor 3 2 2 Electrical Specification The SUNA requires power in the 8 18 VDC range with a supply current of 1 A 8 15 VDC for SUNA with an integrated wiper Power consumption depends on the operating state During data acquisition it is typically 7 5 W 20 In standby at the co
5. The formats are ASCII Integer Al ASCII Float AF ASCII String AS Binary Unsigned Integer BU Binary Float BF and Binary Double BD Binary fields have fixed sizes ASCII fields may have fixed or variable sizes BF and BD data formats conform to the IEEE 754 standard Binary data are in big endian order Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 57 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 7 SUNA Frame Definitions Table 21 Synchronization header frame definitions Field Concentration Full ASCII Full Binary Reduced Binary Header and Serial Number SATSLCnnnn SATSLFnnnn SATSLBnnnn SATSLRnnnn SATSDCnnnn SATSDFnnnn SATSDBnnnn SATSDRnnnn Date year and day of year Al 7 Al 7 BS 4 BS 4 Time hours of day AF AF BD 8 BD 8 Nitrate concentration UM AF AF BF 4 BF 4 Nitrogen in nitrate mg l AF AF BF 4 BF 4 Absorbance at 254 nm AF AF BF 4 BF 4 Absorbance at 350 nm AF AF BF 4 BF 4 Bromide trace mg l AF AF BF 4 BF 4 Spectrum average e Al BU 2 BU 2 Dark value used for fit Al BU 2 BU 2 Integration time factor Al BU 1 BU 1 Spectrum channels 256 x Al 256 x BU 2 32 x BU 2 Internal temperature C AF BF 4 Spectrometer temperature C AF BF 4 BF 4 Lamp temperature C AF BF 4 BF 4 Cumulative lamp on time s Al BU 4 Relative Humidity AF BF 4 BF 4 Main Voltage V AF BF 4
6. When using SpecAverage a dark spectrum is measured by either closing the shutter of present or switching off the lamp Using the SWAverage works if seawater or bromide cause extinction below 200 nm and the measurement in that wavelength range is used as a proxy for the dark baseline Temperature Compensation The temperature compensation flag is On or Off Real time processing temperature compensation only works for saltwater calibrated sensors running in APF mode The current temperature and salinity values must be provided via the CTD command This setting will be ignored if the sensor is not able to perform this task Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 35 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Salinity Fitting The salinity fitting flag is On or Off Salinity fitting can only be switched off in saltwater calibrated sensors running in APF mode The current temperature and salinity values must be provided via the CTD command This setting will be ignored if the sensor is not able to perform this task Bromide Tracing The bromide tracing flag is On or Off Freshwater calibrated sensors or saltwater calibrated sensors set to operate as freshwater sensors Concentrations to Fit set to 1 can be used to detect bromide at an expense of the sensor s nitrate accuracy Absorbance Cutoff The absorbance cutoff is a value between 0 01 and 10 0 It is normally
7. the sensor returns to low power standby At the pre configured times the sensor collects a fixed number of data points or data points for a fixed duration After data collection the sensor returns to low power standby The start times of the data collection events are separated by a fixed interval Possible values for the interval are 1 2 5 10 12 15 30 minutes or 1 2 3 4 6 12 or 24 hours The time grid starts relative to the start of the day The time grid can be offset from the start of the day via the Periodic Offset configuration parameter The data collection event can be either sample or duration based This is controlled via the Operation Control configuration parameter For sample based data collection the Periodic Duration configuration parameter determines the number of data samples that will be collected For duration based data collection the Periodic Duration configuration parameter determines the number of seconds over which data will be collected Configuration Operation Control Periodic Interval Periodic Offset Periodic Duration Periodic Samples Countdown 5 3 3 Polled Operating Mode Polled mode generates data in response to a command Data collection is driven by a controller via the serial interface When powered the sensor enters a low power standby Any activity on RS 232 or USB brings the sensor within three seconds to the polled command prompt indicated by CMD After a duration of Polled Timeout
8. Lamp Voltage V AF BF 4 Internal Voltage V AF BF 4 Main Current mA z AF BF 4 z Fit Aux 1 AF BF 4 Fit Aux 2 AF BF 4 Fit Base 1 AF BF 4 Fit Base 2 al AF BF 4 Fit RMSE AF AF BF 4 BF 4 CTD Time seconds since 1970 Al BU 4 BU 4 CTD Salinity PSU dl AF BF 4 BF 4 CTD Temperature C AF BF 4 BF 4 CTD Pressure dBar e AF BF 4 BF 4 Check Sum Al BU 1 BU 1 Terminator CR LF CR LF 7 2 APF Frame Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 58 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 7 SUNA Frame Definitions Fields in the APF frame are comma separated Table 22 APF data frame definition Frame Field Example Value Record 16 bit CRC OxEOB6 Record Data Type A Timestamp GMT 7 22 2011 19 04 CTD Timestamp 1970 epoch seconds 0 CTD Pressure dBar 1 CTD Temperature C 1 CTD Salinity 1 Sample Counter 246 Power Cycle Counter 3 Error Counter 1 Internal Temperature C 27 34 Spectrometer Temperature C 28 12 Internal Relative Humidity 4 21 Supply Voltage V 11 78 Supply Current A 0 523 Reference Detector Mean 2345 Reference Detector Standard Deviation 6 54 Dark Spectrum Mean 567 Dark Spectrum Standard Deviation 7 23 Sensor Salinity 32 23 Sensor Nitrate 12 21 Absorbance Fit Residuals RMS 1 23E 04 Output Pixel Begin 33 Output Pixel End 63 Output Spect
9. Performance SpecifiCations cccccccccccceeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeeeeeees 14 3 3 Operating PANCIPISS tocata iii reed 17 3 3 1 Absorbance SpectroSCOPY cccccccocccococonononononnnonononononononononanananannnnn 17 3 3 2 Nitrate CONCeNtration cccccccccceeceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeaeeeeeeeeees 18 3 3 3 Interferences and Mitigation cccececeeeseeeceedeneeeeeeeeeneeeceeees 18 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA cccccccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeseeeeeesesaaaenseeees 20 4 1 Sensor Operating States ticas ia 20 4 2 Command Line Interface cceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeea 20 4 2 1 Status and Maintenance Comman0d eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 21 4 2 2 File COMMAND ai n 22 4 2 3 Configuration GOMMANMAOS cocino ti iia 23 4 2 4 Polled Mode Comman d5s eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeseeeeeeeeees 38 4 2 5 SDI 12 Mode COMMANdS coccccccccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnncnnnns 38 4 2 6 Analog QUito id 42 5 Configuration Parameters in CONteXt oooooccccccconccccconoconccnncccnnnnnnnnnnncncncnncncnaninons 46 5 1 Build CONTgquUrA ON uns A an 46 5 2 Input Output ConfiguratiON ccocccccccccinicononenenenenenenineninininininnnononaninininnns 47 5 3 Data Acquisition CONfiguratiON oooconnnncconcconnncccccnonanononcncnnnnnnn nan 48 5 3 1 Continuous and Fixed time Operating Mode
10. assumes that the SUNA operates autonomously in periodic operating mode Data are collected in analog form by a data acquisition device and also logged internally for post deployment analysis The SUNA is also equipped with a wiper that is internally controlled It takes the wiper some 15 seconds to complete a sweep through the sampling volume The wiper speed is highest for an unobstructed sampling volume and when operating at the upper input voltage range The minimum required delay between subsequent wipes is 30 seconds Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 55 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 6 Use Scenarios Setting Parameter Value in Moored Deployment Message Level Info Message File Size 2 Input Output Frame None Supu Logging Frame Full_ASCIlI or Full_Binary Logging Dark Frame Output Log File Type Acquisition Operation Mode Periodic Operation Control Samples Data External Device Wiper Acquisition External Pre Run Time 15 Periodic Interval 15m Periodic Samples 10 Dark Averages 1 Light Averages 1 Temperature Compensation Off Salinity Fitting On Bromide Tracing Off Concentrations to fit 3 Process Dark Correction Method SpecAverage Absorbance Cutoff 1 3 Integration Time Adjustment On Fit Wavelength Low High 217 240 Table 20 Configuration parameters illustrating a moored deployment Copyri
11. configuration parameter in seconds without command input the sensor returns to low power standby Supported commands are described in section 4 2 4 Polled Mode Commands Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 49 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 5 Configuration Parameters in Context Configuration Polled timeout Skip Sleep 5 3 4 SDI 12 Operating Mode SDI 12 mode generates data in response to a command Data collection is SDI 12 controller driven When powered the sensor enters a standby state where it responds only to SDI 12 commands The sensor interface conforms to the SDI 12 protocol Sending a character via the RS 232 port gives access to the command prompt Supported commands are described in section 4 2 5 SDI 12 Mode Commands Configuration SDI 12 Address Table 17 Data acquisition configuration parameters by operating mode Name Acceptable Values Explaining Subsection Operation mode Continuous Fixedtime Periodic Polled SDI12 Operation control Samples Duration Continuous mode Periodic mode Fixed time duration 1 1000000 Continuous mode Light samples 1 65535 Continuous mode Dark samples 1 65535 Continuous mode Light duration 1 65535 Continuous mode Dark duration 1 65535 Continuous mode Periodic interval 1m 2m 5m 6m 10m 15m 20m 30m Periodic mode th 2h 3h 4h 6h 8h 12h 24h Periodic offset 0 86399 Periodic
12. mode Periodic samples 1 255 Periodic mode Periodic duration 1 255 Periodic mode Polled timeout 0 65535 Polled mode APF timeout 1 100 APF mode Skip Sleep at Start On Off Polled mode APF mode Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 50 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 5 Configuration Parameters in Context 5 4 Data Processing Configuration Data processing is independent of input output and data acquisition configuration 5 4 1 Basic Data Processing Data processing normally uses the 217 to 240 nm interval of the measured spectrum The measured absorbance in that interval is decomposed into absorbances due to individual absorbers and the absorbance due to an absorber is converted to a concentration value for that absorber The sensor can decompose the absorbance either solely into nitrate freshwater use or if calibrated for this into nitrate seawater and seawater temperature effects oceanographic use If a sensor has been calibrated for oceanographic use but is to be used in a freshwater environment where the salinity will be below 1 PSU the user should constrain data processing to use only nitrate decomposition by setting the Concentrations to Fit configuration parameter from 3 to 1 Reducing the number of concentrations to fit improves the precision of the processed data Under normal conditions no other processing parameters need to be changed Configuration Con
13. the cables Do not twist or wiggle the connector while pulling as this will damage the connector pins Do not use petroleum based lubricants on connectors Connectors should be free of dirt and lightly lubricated before mating We recommend applying a thin film of DC 111 silicone grease made by Dow Corning on the male pins prior to connection While probing with a voltmeter take care not to short the probes Shorts can damage equipment create safety hazards and blow embedded fuses 13 3 Deployment and Recovery Safety Do not leave the sensor in direct sunlight Extreme heat 35 C or greater can cause damage When deploying a sensor in water do not leave it unattended Boat drift can entangle the cable and cause damage or sensor loss Never lift the sensor by pulling it from the cable This can cause damage to the bulkhead connectors cables and splices Dummy connectors should be replaced as soon as the equipment is retrieved This will help protect the bulkhead connector from dirt and damage Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 69 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 14 Warranty 14 Warranty 14 1 Warranty Period All Satlantic equipment is covered under a one year parts and labor warranty from date of purchase 14 2 Restrictions Warranty does not apply to products that are deemed by Satlantic to be damaged by misuse abuse accident or modifications by the customer The
14. via the get activecalfile command The active file cannot be deleted from the sensor When a calibration file is received by the sensor it is made active The user can change the active file by the set activecalfile calfile name command 4 2 3 Configuration Commands Configuration commands allow the user to query and modify configuration parameters The commands follow the syntax get lt short name gt set lt short name gt lt value gt setrange lt short name gt lt value gt lt value gt Below is a list of all configuration parameters with a brief explanation Each subsection finishes with a table containing the parameters the range of accepted values and the short name for accessing the parameter using the above commands The setrange command only applies to the two pairs of wavelength values Build Configuration All build parameters are for information only and cannot be modified Sensor Type The Sensor Type is SUNA Sensor Version The Sensor Version is V2 Serial Number The Serial Number is factory set Sensor Brand The Sensor Brand is Satlantic Super Capacitors The super capacitors are either Available or Missing During start up the capacitors are charged to provide brief internal power in the event of a sudden power loss Internal backup power allows the sensor to shut down into a safe state The disadvantage of super capacitors is an increased total power consumption Copyright 2013 Sa
15. warranty is considered void if any optical or mechanical housing is opened In addition the warranty is void if the warranty seal is removed broken or otherwise damaged 14 3 Provisions During the one year from date of purchase warranty period Satlantic will replace or repair as deemed necessary components that are defective except as noted above without charge to the customer This warranty does not include shipping charges to and from Satlantic 14 4 Returns To return products to Satlantic whether under warranty or not contact the Satlantic Customer Support Department and request a Returned Material Authorization RMA number and provide shipping details All claims under warranty must be made promptly after occurrence of circumstances giving rise thereto and must be received by Satlantic within the applicable warranty period Such claims should state clearly the product serial number date of purchase and proof thereof and a full description of the circumstances giving rise to the claim All replacement parts and or products covered under the warranty period become the property of Satlantic 14 5 Liability IF SATLANTIC EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE DEFECTIVE OR FAIL TO BE IN GOOD WORKING ORDER THE CUSTOMER S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT AS STATED ABOVE IN NO EVENT WILL SATLANTIC BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFITS LOSS OF SAVINGS OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OR INAB
16. ILITY TO USE THE EQUIPMENT OR COMPONENTS THEREOF Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 70 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 15 Contact Information 15 Contact Information If you have any problems questions suggestions or comments about the sensor or manual please contact us Call us direct at 1 902 492 4780 between 8 AM and 5 PM Atlantic Time GMT 0400 or send us an e mail any time at info satlantic com For specific requests such as price quotations product support or return materials authorization RMA for repair or recalibration please select the applicable contact Sales http satlantic com contact sales or sales satlantic com Support http satlantic com contact support or support satlantic com Service http satlantic com rma Written inquires and returns may be sent to Satlantic LP Richmond Terminal Pier 9 3481 North Marginal Road Halifax NS B3K 5X8 CANADA Satlantic is not open for business during Canadian statutory holidays New Year s Day January 1 Good Friday The Friday before Easter Sunday Victoria Day The first Monday before May 25 Canada Day July 1 Civic Holiday The first Monday in August Labor Day The first Monday in September Thanksgiving Day The second Monday in October Remembrance Day November 11 Christmas Day December 25 Boxing Day December 26 Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 71 SUNA Manual For SUNA r
17. Notes ttt nornn For example Additional Measurements aM2 Additional Measurements and CRC aMC2 Additional Concurrent Measurements aC2 Additional Concurrent Measurements and CRC aCC2 attin lt CR gt lt LF gt measurement attinn lt CR gt lt LF gt concurrent measurement the time in seconds until the sensor will have a measurement ready The SUNA normally responds with 4 seconds the number of measurement values the SUNA will return in one or more subsequent send data commands For the SUNA this value is 7 00109 lt CR gt lt LF gt measurement 001013 lt CR gt lt LF gt concurrent measurement In subsequent data commands the 9 or 13 for concurrent measurements values returned will be Command Response Notes nitrate concentration uM nitrogen in nitrate concentration mg l light spectrum average dark spectrum average measurement date measurement time absorbance at 254 nm absorbance at 350 nm bromide trace lamp temperature C concurrent measurement only spectrometer temp C concurrent measurement only relative humidity concurrent measurement only rmse of nitrate processing concurrent measurement only Additional Measurements aM3 aM9 Additional Measurements and CRC aMC3 aMC9 Additional Concurrent Measurements aC3 aC9 Additional Concurrent Measurements and CRC aCC3 aCC9 atttn lt CR gt lt LF gt measurement atttnn lt CR gt l
18. SATLANTIC SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later SAT DN 00628 Rev E 2014 Dec 01 Satlantic LP 3481 North Marginal Road Halifax Nova Scotia B3K 5X8 Canada 1 902 492 4780 info satlantic com www satlantic com CONFIDENTIAL This document contains information proprietary to Satlantic or to a third party to which Satlantic may have legal obligation to protect such information from unauthorized disclosure use or duplication Any disclosure use or duplication of this document in whole or in part or of any of the information contained herein for any purpose other than the specific purpose for which it was disclosed is expressly prohibited except as Satlantic may otherwise agree to in writing 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later Table of Contents 1TAbout This MANU A A A A dees hs 5 A AS a a AEE EEE EE aeRO EEEE CEA CERE Er 6 2 1 Start up Guide for Terminal Interface cocccoccccononnncnnnnnnccanannnnnonons 6 2 2 Start up Guide for SDI 12 Imterace wna iscsi sade ceseseccesancbedansdvendeavarsenssaaaecea tent 7 2 3 Start up Guide for Analog Outputs socjsesscistesasesses3 esesusataesesadeu sgdecs dodge 8 3 Me SUNA SO MS Oli oe say ant said o toba 9 3 1 Introduction and Background ie oioicccionnaiiaia tarot tera 9 3 2 SPE CIICALION is A dra 9 AA A dash E e aE 9 3 2 2 Electrical Spec Orta la naar oran calibre 13 3 2 3
19. Table 7 Accuracy specification for nitrate concentrations Concentration Range 10 mm Path Length 5 mm Path Length For regular seawater and freshwater calibrations up to 1000 uM 2 uM or 10 4 uM or 10 up to 2000 uM 2 uM or 15 4 uM or 15 up to 3000 uM 2 uM or 20 4 uM or 15 up to 4000 uM out of range 4 uM or 15 For class based freshwater calibrations up to 1000 uM 2 5 uM or 20 4 5 uM or 20 up to 2000 uM 2 5 UM or 25 4 5 uM or 25 up to 3000 uM 2 5 uM or 30 4 5 uM or 25 up to 4000 uM out of range 4 5 uM or 25 The precision of the sensor depends on its data processing configuration see section 5 4 Data Processing Configuration In oceanographic or estuarine settings data must be processed for seawater in freshwater settings data processing is ideally selected to be for freshwater In seawater settings the sensor precision can be brought into the freshwater precision by post processing in SUNACom with Temperature Salinity Correction applied Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 15 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor Table 8 Precision specification for nitrate concentrations Processing configuration Freshwater or Seawater Seawater with T S Correction 0 40 psu Short term precision at 30 0 3 uM 2 4 uM Drift per hour of lamp time lt 0 3 uM lt 1 0 uM The limit of detection is defi
20. The periodic samples are measured in number of light frames Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 30 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA This parameter is used when Operation Control is set to Samples Polled Timeout The polled timeout is measured in seconds It determines for how long the firmware will wait for a command upon wake up before returning to low power standby A value of zero means there is no timeout APF Timeout The APF timeout is only available in Deep SUNA sensors Skip Sleep At Startup This setting is either On or Off If this setting is On the sensor will not enter the low power state in polled mode when first powered up This flag allows for faster sensor response Lamp Stabilization Time The lamp stabilization time is in units of 1 10 of a second After the lamp has ignited a short time is required to stabilize the lamp output Typically lamps can be used 500 ms after being switched on This parameter is provided to adjust the stabilization time Lamp Switch Off Temperature The lamp switch off temperature is set to 35 C The lamp should not operate at temperatures above 35 C When the lamp exceeds the switch off temperature the sensor overrides the configured continuous and fixedtime operation or enforces polled and periodic operation a light to dark cycle Upon reaching the switch off temperature initially five cycle
21. ancy Check Sum lt CR gt indicates a carriage return character and lt LF gt indicates a line feed character The SUNA s address defaults to O but is configurable by the user For commands not supported or explicitly described below the SUNA responds per the SDI 12 v1 3 specification Details of the command protocol are beyond the scope of this document Interested users should refer to the SDI 12 specification SDI 12 operation has been tested using the SDI 12 Verifier from NR Systems Inc http www sdi 12 verifier com In SDI 12 operation internal data logging can be used to collect full spectral data Data can then be retrieved after deployment for further analysis or data reprocessing If a wiper is integrated SDI 12 measurement commands will cause the wiper to sweep before each measurement adding to the time it takes to perform a measurement Command Acknowledge Active a Response a lt CR gt lt LF gt Notes confirms SUNA SDI 12 address Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 38 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Command Response Notes a II cccccccc mmmmmm vvv XXXXXXXXXXXXX Send Identification al allcccccccCcMMMMMMVVVXXXXXXXXXXXXX lt CR gt lt LF gt SUNA address 2 character SDI 12 version e g 13 for version 1 3 8 character Vendor identification in this case SATLANTC 6 character sensor model in this case SUNA 3 ch
22. and integration requirements for the user The integrated Hydro Wiper is not available for the Deep SUNA The wiper sweep angle is 90 for new models 150 for old builds For proper operation the wiper movement must not be obstructed The drawing below gives the minimum space requirements The wiper drive shaft features a slip mechanism so the wiper arm can be manually moved if necessary This also protects the wiper from damage if the wiper arm is subject to force during operation Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 65 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 11 Accessories O5 1in 130mm 2 3in 58mm Illustration 7 SUNA with integrated wiper 3 0in 75mm D6 1in 155mm 4 7in 119mm Illustration 8 Space requirements for the integrated wiper Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 66 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 11 Accessories 11 3 Flow Cell The flow cell is an optional accessory used for moored applications with a pumped circulation system It is also useful for calibration updates The flow cell consists of a plastic cell that seals against the instrument housing and directs pumped flow across the optical path of the SUNA The flow cell is equipped with a copper tube on the inlet port and a plastic barbed fitting on the outl
23. apacitors Provides short term power in case when power is lost PCB supervisor Provides low power sleep state Relay Allows the SUNA to disconnect itself from its power supply Analog output Generates a voltage or current representation of the nitrate values SDI 12 Allows the SUNA to operate as a SDI 12 client USB Allows interfacing via USB higher data rates than via serial communication Internal logging Permits the SUNA to operate as its own data logger Scheduling Permits the SUNA to autonomously schedule its data acquisition APF Mode amp T S Correction Provides the interface protocol used in APEX floats and supports on board temperature salinity correction of nitrate values Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 46 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 5 Configuration Parameters in Context 5 2 Input Output Configuration Input to the SUNA is via serial RS 232 or if available via USB or in SDI 12 mode via the SDI 12 port Output of the sensor is sent via serial RS 232 If available and connected output is sent via UBS Data can also be logged internally to file or converted to an analog voltage or current for output With the exception of SDI 12 mode output generation is independent of the operation mode see next section and multiple output destinations can be served concurrently Baud Rate The RS 232 data ra
24. aracter sensor version e g v2 up to 13 character optional field here used for firmware version Format F lt MAJOR gt lt MINOR gt lt PATCH gt If the SUNA determines that the firmware information will not fit in the allocated space it will not output this field An example response is 013SATLANTC SUNA v2 0002F2 1 2 lt CR gt lt LF gt Command Response Notes Command Response Notes Command Response Notes Command Response Notes ttt Change Address aAb b lt CR gt lt LF gt SUNA responds with its new SDI 12 address b Address Query a lt CR gt lt LF gt SUNA responds with its SDI 12 address a Verify V atttn lt CR gt lt LF gt SUNA always responds with a0Q000 lt CR gt lt LF gt No SDI 12 diagnostic information is supported Measurement aM Measurement and CRC aMC Concurrent Measurements aC Concurrent Measurements and CRC aCC attin lt CR gt lt LF gt atttnn lt CR gt lt LF gt measurement concurrent measurement the time in seconds until the sensor will have a measurement ready The SUNA normally responds within less than 30 seconds Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 39 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA nornn the number of measurement values the SUNA will return in one or more subsequent send data commands For the SUNA this value is 4 For example 00104 lt CR gt l
25. arch is ongoing to expand its performance and use Support of new features can be coded into future SUNA firmware versions Section 9 Firmware Upgrade provides instructions on how to install such a new firmware Explanation and remediation for some unexpected behavior of the SUNA are addressed in Section 10 Troubleshooting and guidance on handling is provided in Section 12 Maintenance Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 5 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 2 Start up Guides 2 Start up Guides Refer to the Quick Start section of the SUNACom User manual available on your installation CD or bundled with the SUNACom software to test basic operation and configuration The following start up guides will guide you through the process of connecting to interfaces not available via SUNACom 2 1 Start up Guide for Terminal Interface Terminal Emulator The end user can interface with the SUNA by using terminal emulator software that can connect to a serial com port Some computers have pre installed terminal emulators e g HyperTerm in some Microsoft Windows operating systems Other terminal emulators are e g Putty Tera Term Bray s Terminal This guide assumes that the user is familiar with operating a terminal emulator Cable In order to use the terminal interface connect the sensor s serial cable to a com port of the computer and power the sensor with 8 18 VDC 8 15 VDC for SUNA wit
26. ared differences between the measured and the fitted absorbance it provides a measure for the quality of the fit Independent measurements of turbidity and CDOM as well as an analysis of the absorption spectrum can refine the impact analysis 3 3 Operating Principles 3 3 1 Absorbance Spectroscopy The SUNA measures the concentration of dissolved nitrate in water The sensor illuminates the water sample with its deuterium UV light source and measures the throughput using its photo spectrometer The difference between this measurement and a prior baseline reference measurement of pure water constitutes an absorption spectrum Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 17 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor Absorbance characteristics of natural water components are provided in the sensor calibration file The Beer Lambert law for multiple absorbers establishes the relationship between the total measured absorbance and the concentrations of individual components Based on this relationship the sensor obtains a best estimate for the nitrate concentration using multi variable linear regression The approach described above was initially developed at MBARI cf Kenneth S Johnson Luke J Coletti In situ ultraviolet spectrophotometry for high resolution and long term monitoring of nitrate bromide and bisulfide in the ocean Deep Sea Research 49 2002 1291 1305 and the tech
27. ation Continuous data log files are appended to until the Data File Size is reached Then the file number is incremented and data are added to the next file Daily data log files contain all data that are collected within a 24 hour period The 7 digit Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 27 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA number is made up of 4 digit for the year and 3 digits for the day of year 1 to 365 or 366 for leap years Acquisition File Duration The Acquisition File Duration is set to 60 minutes This setting is only used if the Log File Type is set to Acquisition The duration can be in the range from 0 to 1440 minutes one full day It specifies the time interval over which data from subsequent power cycle events are logged to the same file A value of zero forces the creation of a new data log file with every power cycle while a value of e g 120 collects the data from all acquisition events that occur within 120 minutes into a single file When using acquisition based data log files with a high frequency of acquisition events e g multiple events per hour over an extended deployment duration the total number of files can reach tens of thousands of files Such a number of files will slow down SUNA internal data logging If daily of continuous log files are not an option the use of the acquisition file duration will ensure the nu
28. cal components making measurements inaccurate Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 64 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 11 Accessories 11 Accessories 11 1 Foul Guard The foul guard is an optional accessory used for moored applications without an active pumping system The foul guard consists of a strip of perforated copper plate that is formed around the SUNA sample volume The guard is secured to the SUNA by a plastic clamp The copper inhibits biofouling while the perforations allow passive flushing of the sample volume When using the foul guard the SUNA should be mounted so that the optical chamber is mounted at 90 degrees to the vertical This orientation helps to prevent air bubbles and sediment from becoming trapped in the sample volume Illustration 6 Foul Guard 11 2 Wiper The Zebra Tech Hydro Wiper is available as an integrated accessory The wiper gently brushes the sample chamber to remove biological growth and particulate deposits from the optical path ensuring consistent sampling conditions and data quality The wiper reduces the need for site visits to manually clean the instrument maintaining data quality through long deployments in harsh environments The integrated Hydro Wiper is controlled by the SUNA and works with all operating modes such as periodic and polled modes The wiper performs a single sweep before each sampling event This option simplifies cabling
29. centrations to Fit Fit Wavelength Low Fit Wavelength High 5 4 2 Special Case Bromide Tracing In freshwater bromide can be used as a tracer If the sensor s Bromide Trace configuration parameter is set to On the sensor will analyze the measured spectrum for the presence of bromide and output the result in its regular frame Configuration Bromide Tracing 5 4 3 Special Case Highly Absorbing Water Highly absorbing waters pose a challenge to the sensor In its normal configuration the part of the spectrum with an absorbance of more than 1 3 is excluded from processing Using parts of the spectrum of higher absorbance will reduce accuracy and precision of the measured concentrations The user may increase the Absorbance Cutoff to a higher value to extend the operational range of the sensor at the expense of reduced data quality If the absorbance reaches values between 2 0 and 2 5 data quality deteriorates further If the Integration Time Adjustment configuration parameter is set to On or Persistent the sensor will start making measurement using a spectrometer integration time that is 20 times as long as the normal integration time This longer integration time increases the signal to noise ratio in faint light conditions and allows the sensor to operate in optically dense conditions When the optical density drops the sensor will revert to the normal spectrometer integration time Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved
30. ct with it Before operating the sensor understand all warnings and cautions cited in section 13 Safety And Hazards Section 3 The SUNA Sensor gives performance specifications sensor dimensions and explains the measurement technology The SUNACom software provides a graphical user interface to facilitate working with the sensor It supports sensor configuration system testing data management and data re processing SUNACom has a separate user manual which is available on the installation CD and from within the SUNACom application via context sensitive help SUNACom does not address the requirements for all deployment scenarios particularly those related to integrated systems For this reason the complete firmware interface is specified in Section 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Explanations on how to start when working in this environment are found in Section 2 1 Start up Guide for Terminal Interface The decision on how to configure the sensor is driven by the type of deployment Section 5 Configuration Parameters in Context provides an explanation of configuration parameters Section 6 Use Scenarios discusses configuration choices for some types of deployments and Section 7 SUNA Frame Definitions defines the output data Components supporting the deployment of the SUNA are specified in Section 11 Accessories Some deployments benefit from components that can be added to the SUNA The SUNA is a versatile sensor and rese
31. eserved 9 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor Optional features and accessories change some sensor dimensions as shown below Table 2 Optional features Feature Accessory Comment Reduced path length 5 mm Calibration Normal NO3 only Optional NO3 amp seawater Analog output Optional SDI 12 interface Optional Internal data logging Optional 2 GB or larger solid state Scheduling Optional USB connectivity Optional Active fouling control Integrated wiper Passive fouling control Copper fouling guard Sampling control Flow through cell Power supply Battery pack Table 3 SUNA dimensions depending on options Options Length Displacement Weight Standard SUNA basic variant 567 mm 1749 cm 2 5 kg Standard SUNA 5 mm path length 562 mm 1745 cm 2 5 kg Standard SUNA integrated wiper 588 mm 2092 cm 3 1 kg Standard SUNA 5 mm path length integrated wiper 583 mm 2084 cm 3 1 kg Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 10 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor 703mm 27 Zin 567mm 22 3in 21mm 196mm 10mm 8in 7 7in 4in 589mm 8 PIN BULKHEAD BRASS 23 2in Illustration 1 Drawing of Standard SUNA with 10 mm path length 698mm 27 Sin
32. et port that would be connected to the pump by flexible tubing The kit includes additional elbow fittings that may be installed on the inlet or outlet ports to suit the physical arrangement of the instrument for deployment The flow cell is secured to the SUNA by a plastic clamp O rings ensure the flow cell seals tightly around the sample volume Illustration 9 Flow Cell Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 67 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 12 Maintenance 12 Maintenance Before a deployment and regularly during the deployment the sensor windows have to be cleaned At the same time the reference spectrum should be updated A reference update is best performed from within the SUNACom software A reference update involves replacing the reference spectrum in the currently active cal file by a new reference spectrum Detailed instructions are provided in the SUNACom user manual After every deployment the sensor must be cleaned with freshwater prior to storage Corrosion resulting from failure to do so is not covered under warranty At regular intervals check the sensor s internal humidity If the humidity increases by more than a few percent per day there is the possibility of a leak and servicing is suggested At regular intervals check the spectral intensity in pure water While the optical intensity is expected to decrease over time sudden changes in intensity may indicate pr
33. eter Possible Values Short Name Sensor Type SUNA senstype Sensor Version V2 sensvers Serial Number 1 9999 serialno Sensor Brand Satlantic thebrand Super Capacitors Available Missing suprcaps PCB Supervisor Available Missing pwrsvisr USB Communication Available Missing usbswtch Relay Module Missing relaybrd SDI 12 Interface Available Missing sdil2brd Analog Output Available Missing analgbrd Internal Data Logging Available Missing intdatlg APF Interface Missing apfiface Scheduling Available Missing schdling Optical Path Length 5mm 10mm pathlgth Integrated Wiper Available Missing intwiper External Power Port Missing extpport Address of lamp temperature owiretlp sensor Address of spectrometer owiretsp temperature sensor Address of housing owireths temperature sensor Spectrometer Serial Number zspec_sn Lamp Serial Number fiberlsn Lamp Use Power mW lmpusepw Custom ID String up to 15 characters customid Input and Output Configuration Baud Rate The baud rate is one of 9600 19200 38400 57600 or 115200 A changed baud rate takes effect after the next power up or reboot Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 26 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Message Level The message level is one of Error Warn Info Debug Trace Messages are sent to the output stream and are also saved in a message log file Message File Size The message
34. ff If TS unavailable uses Fit 3 species Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP 37 All rights reserved SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA 4 2 4 Polled Mode Commands Polled mode is useful when the sensor is externally controlled The sensor waits in low power standby for activity on its input line and after initialization confirms its readiness to respond to commands via the CMD prompt The polled mode timeout setting controls for how long the sensor stays at the polled mode prompt before returning to low power standby Polled mode commands are Start begin continuous data acquisition terminate by sending the character Measure N take N light data frames if N is zero take a single dark data frame Timed N take light data frames for a duration of N seconds CTD send CTD data for temperature salinity correction sensor must be able to perform temperature salinity correction and processing must be configured for it Status print a sensor status message SATMSG SUNA S N LampTime Humidity Voltage _LampTemp SpecTemp enter command line Sleep enter low power standby 4 2 5 SDI 12 Mode Commands The SUNA supports all basic SDI 12 commands as required by Version 1 3 of the SDI 12 Specification The commands and the SUNA response are described below In these descriptions a refers to the SUNA s SDI 12 address lt CRC gt refers to the 3 character Cyclic Redund
35. figured via fixed time duration after which the sensor enters low power standby When collecting data in continuous mode changes in the spectrometer temperature impact the measured concentrations For best accuracy regular dark measurements are required to compensate for the changing temperature The user can choose a dark Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 48 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 5 Configuration Parameters in Context to light data rate based either of a number of samples or on the duration via the Operation Control configuration parameter Then the sensor will collect data in a D L L D D L schema If operation control is SAMPLES based the user controls the respective numbers via the Light Samples and Dark Samples configuration parameters When operation control is DURATION based the user controls the respective durations via the Light Duration and Dark Duration configuration parameters Configuration Operation Control Countdown Light Samples Dark Samples Light Duration Dark Duration 5 3 2 Periodic Operating Mode Periodic mode generates short bursts of data at pre configured times Data collection is autonomous When powered the sensor enters low power standby Any activity on RS 232 or USB brings the sensor within three seconds to the command interface indicated by SUNA gt After a duration of Countdown seconds configuration parameter without input
36. file size is in the O to 65 MB range and initially set to 2 MB Setting the file size to zero turns off logging of messages to file Data File Size The data file size is in the 1 to 65 MB range and initially set to 2 MB This value applies only if the data file type is set to Continuous Daily and per acquisition files will contain as much data as is generated during the day or the particular acquisition Output Frame Type Logging Frame Type The frame type is one of None APF MBARI Full_ASCII Full_Binary Reduced_Binary Concentration If set to None no frame data will be written to serial output data log file respectively For reprocessing of data Full_ASCI I or Full_Binary frames are necessary Reduced binary and APF frames allow reprocessing for seawater deployments APF frames only allow reprocessing of data that were collected with the integration time adjustment turned off Output Dark Frame Logging Dark Frame Dark frames output and logging is either Output or Suppress This configuration flag is provided in case when dark frames are not required or desired Log File Type The data log file type is one of Acquisition Continuous or Daily Data log files names have a single letter A C or D followed by a 7 digit number followed by a 3 letter extension csv for ASCII bin for binary data Acquisition based data files are started new whenever power is cycled But see the following setting Acquisition File Dur
37. formed according to expectations or SError if one or more of the components failed the test If a component did not perform as expected the output line of that component is terminated by an exclamation mark making it easier to locate the problem Get Clock and Set Clock The get clock command outputs the time of the internal sensor clock The time is factory set to UTC The set clock YYYY MM DD hh mm ss command sets the sensor clock to the specified value Used Lamp Time The firmware keeps track of the total on time of the lamp and outputs the number of seconds via the get lamptime command Wiper Test The firmware provides the special swipewiper command to run the wiper one time DAC Low and DAC High These commands are only available for SUNAs that have an analog output system Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 21 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA The DAC Low command will generate the lowest analog output that is possible and the DAC High command will generate the highest analog output that is possible For details on how to make use of this feature see section 4 2 6 Analog Output Upgrade The firmware exits into the boot loader The boot loader allows installing of a new firmware onto the nitrate sensor See section 9 Firmware Upgrade for details Reboot This command causes the firmware to restart It is equivale
38. ft translates into a drift in the measured nitrate concentrations A regular update of the reference baseline spectrum minimizes drift Lamp temperature The lamp output depends on its temperature Thus the reference baseline spectrum is ideally collected under conditions that mimic deployment conditions If deployment temperatures are expected to vary by more than 10 C a temperature characterization and subsequent data correction may be attempted Optically dense constituents The sensor performance is compromised in optically dense conditions which transmit less light than necessary for the regression analysis With increasing optical density the quality of the measurement signal to noise decreases Accuracy and precision of the nitrate concentrations decrease with decreasing data quality until the data are essentially random or are reported as out of range depending on sensor configuration The sensor can be configured to respond to optically dense conditions by repeating the measurement with an increased spectrometer exposure time thereby extending the operating range of the sensor High optical densities are often caused by CDOM or turbidity in the water sample It has been found that the CDOM concentration in natural waters does not cause optical extinction On the other hana highly turbid waters can cause such high absorption that the SUNA is not able to measure nitrate The operation limit for the 10 mm path length varia
39. ght 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 56 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 7 SUNA Frame Definitions 7 SUNA Frame Definitions 7 1 Frames with Synchronization Headers The frames described in this section start with a ten character header which uniquely identifies the sensor and data type The unique header allows to extract sensor specific frames from arbitrary collections of data There are two types of such frames Variable length frames and fixed length frames In variable length frames the fields are in ASCII format and comma separated In fixed length frames each field has a fixed size and is usually in binary format The variable length frame headers start with SAT followed by three characters identifying the frame type SATSLF and SATSDF for full ASCII light and dark frames and SATSLC and SATSDC for concentration light and dark frames respectively The last four characters are the sensor serial number Example for serial number 1234 SATSLC1234 for concentration light frame The fixed length frame headers start with SAT followed by three characters identifying the frame type SATSLB and SATSDB for full binary light and dark frames and SATSLR and SATSDR for reduced binary and dark frames respectively The last four characters are the sensor serial number Example for serial number 1234 SATSLR1234 for reduced binary light frame For each field in these frames format and size are given
40. h an integrated wiper capable of providing a current of at least 1 A Serial Interface The SUNA communicates via serial port using the RS 232 protocol at 8 bit no parity 1 stop bit and no flow control The baud rate is factory set to 57600 If this baud rate does not work try the other possible baud rates 9600 19200 38400 115200 or use SUNACom to scan for the current baud rate Command Line When power is applied to the SUNA output and behavior depend on the current sensor configuration In all instances the user can bring the sensor to the command line by repeatedly sending the character to the sensor The sensor indicates that it is accepting commands by outputting the SUNA gt prompt All commands available at the command line are given in section 4 2 Command Line Interface An example command is selftest It turns on all subsystems and briefly reports their status Using the get opermode command will report the current operation mode Consult section 5 3 Data Acquisition Configuration to understand the different operating modes and use the set opermode command if another operating mode is needed Use the get cfg command for the current sensor configuration Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 6 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 2 Start up Guides 2 2 Start up Guide for SDI 12 Interface The SUNA has an optional SDI 12 interface Use SUNACom or the terminal interface
41. ht Averages 1 200 1 lgtavers Dark Samples 1 65535 1 drksmpls Light Samples 1 65535 10 lgtsmpls Dark Duration s 1 65535 10 drkdurat Light Duration s 1 65535 120 lgtdurat External Device None Wiper None exdevtyp Ex Dev Pre run time s 0 120 0 exdevpre Ex Dev During Acq On Off Off exdevrun Ex Dev Min Interval 0 1440 60 exdvival Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 34 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Data Processing Configuration Processing Wavelength Interval The processing also called fitting interval is normally from 217 to 240 nm Changing the fitting interval should be done with caution an unsuitable fitting interval generates invalid results Concentrations to Fit The number of concentrations to be used for processing is 1 2 or 3 Freshwater calibrated sensors only use 1 concentration saltwater calibrated sensors can be made to act like freshwater sensor by setting concentrations to fit to 1 Normally saltwater calibrated sensors use 3 concentrations Baseline Order The baseline order is fixed to 1 Historically different baseline orders were available However there is currently no need to change the baseline order Dark Correction Method The dark correction method is one of SpecAverage or SWAverage The purpose of dark correction is to subtract the temperature dependent dark baseline from the measurement
42. igh low Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 44 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA B DAC nmn By 1 is the in system calibrated current offset coefficient The SUNA can be tasked to generate the low and high analog output via SUNACom see the SUNACom user manual or using the DAC Low and DAC High commands in the terminal interface see section 4 2 1 Status and Maintenance Commands low Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 45 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 5 Configuration Parameters in Context 5 Configuration Parameters in Context While section 4 2 3 Configuration Commands gives a complete list configuration parameters this section describes groups of configuration parameters that are related because they are used alongside each other Configuration parameters are discussed in four categories Build Input Output Data Acquisition Data Processing 5 1 Build Configuration Build configuration parameters describe the hardware of the sensor and determine which capabilities are available Build parameters limit the values some other configuration parameters can take Only some combinations of build parameters are supported Sensor Identification Sensor Type Sensor Version Sensor Serial Number SUNA V2 0000 9999 Table 16 SUNA build variants Option Description Super c
43. ing firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Optical Path Length The optical path length is 5mm or 10mm Integrated Wiper The integrated wiper is Available or Missing When a wiper has been integrated into the sensor control of the wiper operation is enabled External Power Port The external power port is Missing An external power port may be supported in future SUNA versions Addresses of Temperature Sensors The addresses of the three SUNA internal temperature sensors are factory configured and provided for troubleshooting Spectrometer Serial Number The spectrometer serial number is factory configured Lamp Serial Number The lamp serial number is factory configured Lamp Use Power The power used by the sensor when the lamp is turned on in units of milliwatt mW It is measured during sensor assembly and serves as a reference point for the firmware to ascertain that the lamp is operating properly It also allows to estimate the sensor s power consumption Custom ID The Custom Identification string allows operators to assign their own identification to a SUNA The string can be up to 15 ASCII characters long Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 25 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Table 11 Build configuration parameters Param
44. interval is a value between 0 and 1440 minutes one day This configuration parameter limits the frequency of the operation of the external device At each data acquisition event when the device might be run the SUNA compares the current time against the most recent time the device was run Only if more than the configured minimum interval has passed the device will be operated Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 33 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Table 13 Data acquisition configuration parameters Parameter Possible Values Default Value Short Name Operation Mode Continuous Fixedtime Periodic Fixedtime opermode Polled SDI12 Operation Control Duration Samples Samples operctrl Countdown s 0 3600 3 countdwn Fixed Time Duration s 1 1000000 10 fixddura Periodic Interval 1m 2m 5m 6m 10m 15m 20m 1h perdival 30m 1h 2h 3h 4h 6h 8h 12h 24h Periodic Offset s any value 0 perdoffs Periodic Duration s 0 255 10 perddura Periodic Samples 0 255 10 perdsmpl Polled Timeout s 0 65535 10 polltout APF Timeout h 0 100 10 apfatoff Skip Sleep At Startup On Off Off skpsleep Lamp Stabil Time ds 0 255 5 stbltime Lamp Switch Off Temp 35 lamptoff Spectrometer 5 60000 N A spintper Integration Period ms Dark Averages 1 200 1 drkavers Lig
45. inuous and Fixedtime mode and control the lamp off on cycle Dark Duration and Light Duration These parameters are used when Operation Control is set to Duration Dark and light duration are used in Continuous and Fixedtime mode and control the lamp off on cycle External Device The external device is None or Wiper If the external device is set to Wiper power will be applied whenever a data collection begins Thus there will be a single wipe at the beginning of a continuous data acquisition a single swipe at each collection event in periodic mode or a single swipe for each collection command in polled or SDI 12 mode External Device Pre run Time The external device pre run time can be set to a value between 0 and 200 seconds This is the time that the sensor waits to acquire data after applying power to the external device The purpose of this configuration parameter is to let the external device complete its action without interfering with the sensor s measurements External Device On During Acquisition The external device on during acquisition can be set to On or Off This configuration parameter allows the sensor to control if the external device is to Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 32 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA continue operating during the sensor s data acquisition External Device Minimum Interval The external device minimum
46. ision 16 bit DAC and is in the range of 4 to 20 mA The SUNA has two configuration values DAC Minimum Nitrate and DAC Maximum Nitrate that correspond to the lower and upper bounds of the voltage and current output If the nitrate concentration is below the DAC Minimum the output voltage and current will be the minimum voltage or current If the nitrate concentration is above the DAC Maximum the output voltage and current will be the maximum voltage or current Otherwise the voltage and current are calculated via V V Va r Came DAC mu and 1 me mn_ C oe DAG ys min DAC DAC_ min where AN is the nitrate concentrations DAC nin is the nitrate concentration at minimum voltage and current DAC o is the nitrate concentration at maximum voltage and current V is the generated voltage a is 0 095 V the minimum voltage ae is 4 095 V the maximum voltage I is the generated current Lin is 4 mA the minimum current I is 20 mA the maximum current max The actual voltage or current may differ slightly from the theoretical values See below on how to accurately calibrate the analog output system Calculating Nitrate Concentration from Voltage and Current The inverse voltage and current equations are Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 43 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA DAC x DAC C nira DAC min t Te Ke mi ES V min and DAC ma
47. ition a new file with each power up or Daily all data collected at one day are placed into a single file or Continuous a new file is started when the current file reaches a configured size The data log file type should be chosen to match the planned data acquisition and the intended method of data utilization For moored deployments either in periodic mode or scheduled by a controller daily Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 47 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 5 Configuration Parameters in Context data log files are a good choice The number of files generated over a number of months is modest while it is easy to select data for a range of dates If per acquisition data log files were used instead many thousand files could be generated While a SUNA can manage such a number of files it may become slower Generally managing thousands of files can be cumbersome For profiles which are typically collected in continuous operation per acquisition data log files are a convenient choice All data between power up and power down will be placed into the same file facilitating subsequent data management Using daily or continuous data log files when acquiring multiple profiles can split a profile into two files requiring manual realignment Continuous data log files in conjunction with the maximum data log file size offer control over the number of files and the size of the files that wil
48. l be generated When logging data on board the SUNA care should be taken to ensure there is sufficient space on the file system Ideally data are off loaded from the SUNA prior to deployment and the file system cleared as much as possible When the on board file system is full subsequent data can no longer be logged and will be lost DAC Minimum Nitrate concentration representing minimum analog output DAC Maximum Nitrate concentration representing maximum analog output SDI 12 Address The address used by the sensor in SDI 12 mode It is a number from 48 to 57 corresponding to ASCII values 0 to 9 5 3 Data Acquisition Configuration Data acquisition is primarily controlled via the operating mode Each operating mode has secondary configuration parameters for fine tuning Both data processing and output generation configuration are independent of the data acquisition scheme The exception is SDI 12 mode which has its own output interface In the following paragraphs each operating mode is described and the configuration parameters relevant to that operating mode are explained 5 3 1 Continuous and Fixed time Operating Mode Continuous mode generates an uninterrupted stream of data Data collection is autonomous When powered the sensor starts collecting and outputting data Data acquisition ends when power is removed or the character is sent via serial input In fixed time mode data acquisition proceeds for the maximum time con
49. l rights reserved 3 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later Table 5 Electrical pin assignments and descriptiONS ooooonccnccccccccccccncnnnnnns 14 Table 6 General performance specificatiONS ococccccccnccccnccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 15 Table 7 Accuracy specification for nitrate concentratiONS ooooccinccnnccinicicicncc 15 Table 8 Precision specification for nitrate concentratiONS ooocccccccncccnconnnnnos 16 Table 9 Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification cece 16 Table 10 File access Commands sit an ancserewndcean des esasuawaaxdiavess 22 Table 11 Build configuration parameters ooooooocconnccnocoocccoonconononononnnonononnnnnnnnnnnns 26 Table 12 Input output configuration parameters ccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 29 Table 13 Data acquisition configuration parameterS ooooonccccnnccccccccccccnnnncanannnono 34 Table 14 Data processing configuration parameters oooocccccccoccconccnnnncnnnnnnnnnos 37 Table 15 Combinations of data processing configuration parameters 37 Fable 16 SUNA build VAS e does 46 Table 17 Data acquisition configuration parameters by operating mode 50 Table 18 Data processing configuration parameters in use case context 52 Table 19 Configuration parameters illustrating a profiling deployment 54 Table 20 Configuration parameters illustrating a moored deployment
50. m SUNA RXD RS 232 receive to SUNA D USB D D USB D VOUT Analog volt output IOUT Analog current output 3 2 3 Performance Specifications The SUNA sensor is designed to measure the concentration of nitrate ions in water The measurement result is in molar concentration units of micro molar uM For user convenience this concentration is converted into units of milligram per liter mg l and output in digital form as well 1 uM nitrogen corresponds to 0 014007 mg l nitrate Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 14 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor Table 6 General performance specifications Measurement Nitrate concentration NOs Thermal compensation optional 0 35C Salinity compensation optional 0 40 psu Optical path length 10 mm optional 5 mm Spectral range 190 370 nm The performance of the sensor depends on a number of factors One factor is the optical path length normally at 10 mm optionally at 5 mm The optical path length influences the concentration measurement range covered by the sensor and the accuracy of the results Another factor is the type of calibration a sensor specific calibrations are more accurate than a class based calibration The former uses extinction coefficients that are measured using the sensor itself the latter uses averaged extinction coefficients that were obtained from many sensors
51. mands SLEEP and SLP respectively to send the SUNA to standby mode In periodic mode the sensor alternates between standby and data acquisition Standby to Data Acquisition Any input will cause the SUNA to come out of its standby state Then it waits for 15 seconds for the input character to enter the command line before returning to the standby state When entering standby the sensor requires approximately 15 seconds to completely discharge its internal circuitry Any attempt to bring the sensor out of its standby state occurring within this 15 second period can lead to undefined behaviour 4 2 Command Line Interface Communication with the SUNA is conducted via RS 232 or USB connection The sensor Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 20 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA checks for availability of a USB connection and if present uses a USB virtual com port for input and output Otherwise the sensor communicates via RS 232 Commands can be broadly grouped into the following categories Status and Maintenance File Management Query and Modify Configuration Polled Mode Commands APF Mode Commands SDI 12 Mode Commands OV Pv IS 4 2 1 Status and Maintenance Commands Selftest The selftest checks operation of sensor components performs measurements and outputs the measurement results The last output line will be SOk if all components per
52. mber of files stays small DAC Minimum Maximum Nitrate The DAC minimum nitrate value is initially set to 5 uM the DAC maximum nitrate value is set to 100 uM These values effect the output generated by the optional analog output system See section 4 2 6 Analog Output for details Dat Wavelength Low High The data wavelength values are set to 217 and 250 These wavelength define the channels that are included in the APF frame SDI 12 Address The SDI 12 address is factory set to the numerical value 48 ASCII character 0 This address is used by an SDI 12 controller when interfacing with a SUNA in SDI 12 operating mode See section Error Reference source not found Error Reference source not found for details Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 28 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Table 12 Input output configuration parameters Parameter Possible Values Default Value Short Name Baud Rate 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 57600 baudrate Message Level Error Warn Info Debug Info msglevel Message File Size MB 0 65 2 msgfsize Date File Size MB 1 65 5 datfsize Output Frame Type Full_ASCIl Full_ Binary Full_ASCII outfrtyp Logging Frame Type er BRE ere Full_ASCII logfrtyp Output Dark Frame Output Suppress Output outdrkfr Logging Dark Frame Output Suppress Out
53. mmand prompt the current draw is around 20 mA Polled and APF operating modes will time out after a configurable time of inactivity bringing the SUNA processor into a low power state with a consumption below 3 mA In fixed time operation and between periodic operation event power control is handed to a supervisor circuit which reduces power consumption to less than 30 pA Table 4 Power requirements State Voltage Current Supervised Sleep lt 30 UA Processor Sleep 8 18 VDC lt 3 mA Standby 8 15 VDC with integrated wiper 20 mA at 12 V Sampling 625 mA at 12 V nominal The SUNA connector is a SubConn MCBH8MNM With a face view numbering as in the following illustration the pin assignments are listed in the following tables Illustration 5 SUNA SubConn MCBH8MNM bulkhead connector face view Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 13 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor Table 5 Electrical pin assignments and descriptions Pin Standard Optional USB Analog Out 1 VIN VIN 2 GND GND 3 USB V 4 SDI 12 5 TXD TXD D 6 RXD RXD D 7 VOUT 8 IOUT Pin Assignment Description VIN External DC power supply 8 18 VDC or 8 15 VDC GND Power supply return signal ground USB V USB 5V power SDI 12 Serial data interface at 1200 baud TXD RS 232 transmit fro
54. mmand to let the bootloader execute the new firmware at power up Then power cycle the sensor The new firmware will execute on the sensor Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 62 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 10 Troubleshooting 10 Troubleshooting 10 1 Sensor Is Not Responsive Check Power Confirm that sufficient power reaches the sensor Use a voltage meter to confirm that the power cable supplies 8 18 VDC 8 15 VDC for SUNA with an integrated wiper See section 3 2 Specifications for the cable pin out Reset Sensor It is possible for the sensor to get stuck in an undefined state if its input power is sporadically out of range In that case the sensor should be powered down for 60 seconds and then re powered Check Power Consumption Using a power supply with an accurate current indication will tell if the sensor is operating at all and what operating state it may be in If the current is above 500 mA the sensor is acquiring data Inserting a piece of white paper into the sampling volume should show a bright spot showing that the sensor lamp is operating If the current is above 5 mA the sensor is in standby and should respond to input over its serial input If the current is above 100 pA the sensor is in a low power mode and should respond to input over its serial input If the current is below 100 pA the sensor is not operating Please contact Satlantic for fu
55. ned as the nitrate concentration that has a value of 3 times the standard deviation of the blank nitrate concentration As such it is 3 times the standard deviation as measured for the sensor precision which depends on the processing mode The limit of quantification specifies the limit at which two samples can be reasonably distinguished Typically it is 10 times the standard deviation of the blank nitrate concentration Table 9 Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification Processing configuration Freshwater or Seawater Seawater with T S Correction 0 40 psu Limit of detection LOD 0 3 uM 2 4 uM Limit of quantification LOQ 1 0 uM 8 0 uM Natural waters may contain a mixture of interfering species that are typically hard to delineate The impact of interfering species on the measured nitrate concentration was determined under laboratory conditions The specification covers two classes of interfering species suspended particulate matter Turbidity and colored dissolved organic matter CDOM The impact is independent of the optical path length from theoretical considerations as well as experimentally confirmed However the SUNA can only operate up to absorbances of approximately 1 5 This limit is typically reached at 625 NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units for 10 mm path length or at 1250 NTU for 5 mm path length Naturally occurring CDOM concentrations stay within the operating range of the SUNA The followi
56. ng substances were uses as proxies for turbidity ARD Arizona Road Dust Kaolin Kaolin Powder TiO2 Titanium Dioxide Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 16 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor Turbidity NTU Absorbance at NO3 shift uM NO3 shift uM Sample per mg l 225 nm 10 mm in freshwater in seawater per mg l per mg l per mg l ARD 1 25 0 0016 lt 0 002 0 01 Kaolin 1 5 0 0085 lt 0 001 0 02 TiO2 15 0 0 0090 lt 0 001 lt 0 001 The following samples obtained from the International Humic Substances Society were used as proxies for CDOM PLFA Pony Lake Fulvic Acid Reference 1R109F SRFA Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Standard 15101F PPHA Pahokee Peat Humic Acid Reference 1R103H 2 CDOM QSD Absorbance at NO3 shift uM NO3 shift uM Sample per mg l 225 nm 10 mm in freshwater in seawater per mg l per mg l per mg l PLFA N A 0 017 0 4 0 6 SRFA N A 0 027 lt 0 1 lt 0 1 PPHA 42 0 003 lt 0 01 lt 0 1 An interfering species generates a spurious nitrate concentration when the spectral characteristics of the interfering species resembles that of nitrate Typically an RMSE value that is more than a few times the RMSE of a pure nitrate sample should be taken as an indication that interfering species are impacting the measurement The RMSE value is the square root of the mean of the sum of the squ
57. nnnnnnn 62 9 2 Firmware Upgrade Using the Terminal Interface eee 62 WOLF FROUBDIES MOORING 264 ov aede atc cahas e deere outs ee ness take Sees sede secen see SES 63 10 1 Sensor Is Not RESPONSIVE ia eee apres 63 10 2 Sensor Output Is Unexpected oooooooccconcconocococonononononononononananonnnnnnnons 64 TU ACCESS ONES coe toe pectin paces ty aot e ee ede asa 65 T1 FoulGuard A rut an earner Oates N Mae Ne in Pg eC One enn 65 Ae Dez WV NDE I assess scaon ds visas A ea ee 65 A CG eh ered eet A N NA 67 123 Maitena nee iia EA ia A A es 68 13 Safety And Hazards A ohn ear acre Sed teal ee el oe 69 1931 Pressure Haz A Aarons 69 13 2 Electrical Haz A AA ee aed bea EA AEA 69 13 3 Deployment and Recovery Safety ooooooooomcccccocococionannocococonennnnanadadanecnnna 69 14 AUT IM A reece A teh ed a ea A Ida 70 14 1Wartrant Period at gece laa 70 14 2 Restrictions a A A ae a a eta raat bl a E 70 A A A mn x eine Sie anata webe nt anaes 70 144 ROSITA Si A A darca lied ai tetas PON sinc oa A ARS 70 AA SO Pn re a RR PN Cee EO RE 70 19 Gontact IOMA o A A A A 71 16 ReVision HIStO Yi id IA A 72 Index of Tables Table 1 Sensor dimensions basic OPtiONS oooccccconcncncnnonononncncnnononnnnonanonnnnnnos 9 Table 2 Optional Teatures ts 10 Table 3 SUNA dimensions depending On OPtiONS oooooccccococococonooononnononcnonononono 10 Table 4 Power requirements ini enti aewnmeeeeeet 13 Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP Al
58. nology then transferred to Satlantic 3 3 2 Nitrate Concentration Nitrate processing uses the 217 240 nm wavelength interval which contains approximately 35 spectrometer channels For each channel the absorbance is calculated and decomposed into individual absorbers using the MBARI method The precision of the nitrate concentration depends on the number of absorbers into which the measured absorbance is decomposed Thus in freshwater deployments the number of concentrations to be fitted should be set to 1 High absorbance conditions introduce inaccuracies into the nitrate concentrations Therefore channels with an absorbance greater than 1 3 are excluded from processing If less than about 10 channels remain the sensor is unable to determine a nitrate concentration and the measurement is no longer valid out of bounds Users can overturn the standard setting and increase the absorbance cutoff obtaining reduced accuracy nitrate concentrations at higher absorbances There is however a limit at around 2 5 absorbance units when nitrate concentrations can no longer be determined 3 3 3 Interferences and Mitigation The quality of the nitrate measurements can be impacted in a number of ways This impact has been quantified see section 3 2 3 Performance Specifications for some significant interfering influences Here interferences are explained and mitigation options are explored Sample temperature Seawater is known to have a tem
59. nt is 625 NTU and for the 5 mm variant it is 1250 NTU Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 19 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA 4 1 Sensor Operating States At power up the SUNA s micro controller starts the firmware After initialization it retrieves the current settings and enters its operating mode Within each operating mode the firmware is in one of three states standby data acquisition command interface where the transition between the states is controlled by the firmware or driven by user or controller input In standby the sensor can be at different levels of power consumption In periodic and APF mode the sensor achieves the lowest level between data acquisition events whereas in polled mode the power level is a bit higher and in SDI 12 mode the power level is identical to the one when the sensor is at the command line The user can interrupt the SUNA s regular operation in order to enter the command line Data Acquisition to Command Interface Sending a character possible multiple times will bring the sensor to the command line The command line reports via the SUNA gt prompt that it is ready to receive commands Command Interface to Data Acquisition The command line is terminated via the exit or the reboot command Data Acquisition to Standby Only polled and APF modes have explicit com
60. nt to performing a power cycle Exit The command line exits and data acquisition as configured in the operation mode restarts If the baud rate was changed in the current command line session the sensor will reboot in order to re initialize with the new baud rate 4 2 2 File Commands File commands give access to data log message log and calibration files All file commands follow the syntax lt Command gt lt FileType gt lt FileName gt Data and message log files are an optional feature Use the selftest command to see if the sensor has an internal file system and if so the space that is available File types are CAL for calibration files LOG for system log message files and DATA for files containing logged measurement data Table 10 File access commands Command CAL LOG DATA Comment List Output a list of all files of the specified type Output Output the content of the specified file Recommended only for small ASCII files The command cannot be interrupted Send XMODEM transfer of file from sensor Delete Delete specified file from disk Irreversible Receive XMODEM transfer of file to sensor The sensor can have many calibration files The user can query the name of the Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 22 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA currently active file
61. oblems with a sensor subsystem Contact Satlantic if there is a sudden drop in intensity by more than 20 Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 68 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 13 Safety And Hazards 13 Safety And Hazards 13 1 Pressure Hazard Warning If you suspect that the sensor has flooded use extreme caution around the sensor If the sensor leaked at depth it might remain pressurized when recovered If you suspect a flood make sure to check the sensor for signs of pressurization If the sensor is pressurized you may notice the gap between the end cap and pressure case look to be extended To relieve the sensor pressure stand to the side of the sensor Relieve the pressure by very slowly unscrewing the bulkhead connector Be extremely careful as if the sensor is pressurized the connector may be forced out of the housing with extreme force and at high velocity 13 2 Electrical Hazard Use care when connecting power supply cables to the sensor A shorted power supply or battery can output maximum current potentially harming the user or the equipment When transporting or shipping install the dummy plug with locking sleeve on the sensor connector to prevent accidental shorting of the terminals Handle electrical terminations carefully as they are not designed to withstand strain Disconnect the cables from the bulkhead connector by pulling on the connector heads and not on
62. og file may point to the origin of the problem Inaccurate Nitrate Systematically inaccurate but otherwise stable nitrate concentrations indicate the need to clean the sensor windows and to perform a reference update A reference update is best performed from within the SUNACom software A reference update involves replacing the reference spectrum in the currently active calibration file by a new reference spectrum Detailed instructions are provided in the SUNACom user manual If the concentrations inaccuracies persist please contact Satlantic Imprecise or Noisy Nitrate Low Spectral Intensity If the nitrate concentration changes by more than 25 uM within a few samples while measuring a stable water sample the measured spectral intensity is usually too low The spectral intensity of the sensor drops when the optical path gets obstructed or if optical component degrade Obstructions may be due to a change in the water content or due to accumulation of matter bio film settled particles in the sampling volume If the spectral intensity remains low after cleaning of the sample volume and especially the windows please contact Satlantic High Humidity If the relative humidity inside the sensor exceeds 90 the sensor may have developed a leak and needs to be returned to Satlantic for service High humidity is problematic because it leads to failure of sensor components Furthermore high humidity may lead to condensation on opti
63. perature dependent absorption If this effect is not taken into account a bias and or imprecision are introduced to the reported nitrate concentration This effect can be mitigated by providing sample temperature and salinity to the nitrate calculation either in real time supported in APF mode or in SUNACom post processing collection of spectra and accompanying temperature and salinity data is required Temperature salinity correction follows the approach developed at MBARI cf Carole M Sakamoto Kenneth S Johnson Luke J Coletti Improved algorithm for the computation of nitrate concentrations in seawater using an in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer Limnol Oceanogr Methods 7 2009 132 143 Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 18 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor Uncharacterized species in sample A number of substances occurring in natural water absorb in the UV spectral range where nitrate absorbs Usually the spectral signature of those substances differs from that of nitrate However certain combinations of water constituents may cause a bias in the calculated nitrate concentrations If significant concentrations of interfering species are suspected sporadic chemical analysis of water samples allows quantification and correction for the optical interference Sensor drift Over time lamp output and throughput of optical components exhibit drift This dri
64. ple 0 33 813 23 500 3356 23 2AsF lt CR gt lt LF gt followed by 0 11 92 5 43 13 62EyF lt CR gt lt LF gt The response to the aC1 aCC1 aM2 aMC2 aC2 aCC2 commands follows an analogous pattern Command Continuous Measurements aRO aR9 Continuous Measurements and Request CRC aRCO aRC9 Response a lt values gt lt CR gt lt LF gt Notes Continuous measurements are not supported by the SUNA in SDI 12 mode due to limited lamp life time The SUNA will always report a0 lt CR gt lt LF gt or a0 lt CRC gt lt CR gt lt LF gt 4 2 6 Analog Output The SUNA can work with analog input data acquisition systems such as a Sea Bird CTD profiler by using the optional analog output system The analog interface allows Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 42 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA merging of nitrate data with other data recorded at the same time A standard application is to integrate the voltage signal into a CTD profiler s auxiliary port providing a profile of conductivity temperature and nitrate versus depth Generating Voltage and Current for a Nitrate Concentration The SUNA generates analog voltage and current representations of the calculated nitrate values The voltage is generated using a precision 12 bit digital to analog converter DAC and is in the range of 0 095 to 4 095 Volts The current is generated using a prec
65. put logdrkfr Log File Type Acquisition Continuous Daily Acquisition logftype Acquisition file duration m 0 1440 60 afiledur DAC Minimum Nitrate 5 0 demonno3 DAC Maximum Nitrate 100 0 dcmaxno3 Data wavelength low nm 210 350 217 wdat_low Data wavelength high nm 210 350 250 wdat_hgh For the setrange command use wdatboth SDI 12 Address 48 57 ascii characters 0 9 48 ascii 0 sdil2add Data Acquisition Configuration Operation Mode The operation mode is Continuous Fixedtime Periodic Polled APF or SDI12 In Continuous mode the sensor starts to acquire data as soon as initialization is complete and countdown has expired Data acquisition proceeds depending on the Operation Control setting either in a sample based 1 dark sample then Light Samples Dark Samples Light Samples or time based 1 dark sample then Light Duration Dark Duration Light Duration infinite cycle In Fixedtime mode the sensor behaves as in Continuous mode but terminates after a maximum of Fixed Time Duration seconds In Periodic mode the sensor acquires data in regular periods and collects data depending on the Operation Control setting either a fixed number of light samples Periodic Samples or for a fixed time Periodic Duration 29 Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Iin Polled mode the sensor stays in lo
66. ribe the content of the coefficient lines The number of labels in this line must match the number of entries in the coefficient lines The first label is always Wavelength the second label is normally NO3 and the last label is always Reference For sensors calibrated for sea water there are a SWA and a TSWA label between the NO3 and the Reference label Calibration files are used by the SUNA for on board processing and by SUNACom for data re processing Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 61 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 9 Firmware Upgrade 9 Firmware Upgrade 9 1 Firmware Upgrade Using SUNACom The firmware upgrade can be initiated via the SUNACom See section Upload Firmware of the SUNACom user manual for details 9 2 Firmware Upgrade Using the Terminal Interface The firmware upgrade is initiated via the upgrade command given at the command line See section 4 2 Command Line Interface for details After the upgrade command the SUNA s bootloader program executs It reports to the command line using the SATBLDR gt prompt Use the w command to initiate the firmware upload Then send the firmware file using the XMODEM protocol to the SUNA Firmware files have the s fw file extension The bootloader rejects invalid or corrupt files The user can check if the uploaded file is valid by issuing the v verify command After a valid firmware file has been uploaded use the a co
67. rther assistance Test Serial Cable The sensor may appear to be non responsive due to a faulty communication cable The user can check the communication cable for continuity See section 3 2 Specifications for the connector and cable pin out Operating Mode The sensor may be unresponsive to the received input because it is in an unexpected operating mode For example if the sensor is in SDI 12 mode it will not respond to normal commands or may not output data as in other operating modes If a connection via SUNACom does not succeed a terminal emulator connection may be attempted Regardless if the operating mode sending a character to an operational sensor will Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 63 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 10 Troubleshooting generate a response If there is no response please contact Satlantic for further assistance 10 2 Sensor Output Is Unexpected Unexpected results can take many forms A sensor that performed fine over a long period of time may suddenly report results that differ qualitatively or quantitatively from previous results Below are listed a few checks that may identify the problem Warning or Error Messages In case of obvious problems the sensor outputs error or warning log messages If the sensor has internal logging capability these are also logged to file Monitoring the log messages or reviewing the content of the message l
68. rum Hex Packed 4 characters for each output channel Begin End 1 channels 0701079D085B092009F90ADCOBDDOCFCOE370F 88110512A41470165D187A1AAA1 Seawater Dark Mean of Channels 1 to 5 591 2 Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 59 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 7 SUNA Frame Definitions 7 3 MBARI Frame MBARI frames are generated for dark and for light spectrum measurements Dark frames begin with a D light frames begin with an S All fields in the MBARI frame are comma separated Table 23 MBARI data frame definition Frame Field Example Value Frame Type for dark frame or D for light spectrum frame S Timestamp GMT 7 22 2011 19 04 23 1234 Internal Temperature C 27 34 Spectrum Average for dark frame or 2345 23 Reference Detector Average for light frame Spectrum Standard Deviation for dark frame or 6 54 Reference Detector Std Dev for light frame Output Spectrum 256 channels 12345 Terminator CR LF Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 60 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 8 SUNA Calibration File 8 SUNA Calibration File 8 1 File Name SUNA calibration files use the following file naming convention The file name has a base of eight letters and a three letter CAL extension The file name is not case sensitive The first three letters are SNA follo
69. s of 5 light to 5 dark samples are acquired and after those the cycle ratio drops to 1 light to 10 dark samples As soon as the lamp temperature has dropped below the switch off temperature the configured acquisition cycle resumes If the sensor is deployed in a warm environment and data acquisition is only sporadic please consult with Satlantic on ways to safely changing this configuration Spectrometer Integration Period The spectrometer integration period is factory set The integration period should be as large as possible to obtain a good signal the integration period must not be so large as to cause saturation of the signal Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 31 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA The spectrometer integration time should not be changed because the SUNA is calibrated for the factory configured value Dark Averages and Light Averages The spectrometer can perform internal averaging Internal averaging reduces the noise of a measurement at the expense of a reduced sampling rate However the sampling rate is higher using internal averaging when compared to averaging the samples after separate collection Another advantage of internal averaging is the reduction in the amount of data generated Dark Samples and Light Samples These parameters are used when Operation Control is set to Samples Dark and light samples are used in Cont
70. se sending the character brings the sensor to the command line and allows the user to switch to another operating mode via the set opermode command Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 7 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 2 Start up Guides 2 3 Start up Guide for Analog Output The SUNA has an optional analog output system The end user can determine if the sensor is equipped for analog output either via the SUNACom software or the terminal interface see section 2 1 Start up Guide for Terminal Interfaceand section 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA In SUNACom the DAC calibration function will be visible under the Advanced Sensor menu item if this function is available At the terminal interface use the get analgbrd command The response will be either Available or Missing Interpreting Analog Output When analog output is available the sensor automatically generates output voltage and current The sensor generates an output voltage in the 0 to 4 096 V and an output current in the 4 to 20 mA range The lower range of the respective output interval corresponds to the DAC Minimum and the upper range of the interval corresponds to the DAC Maximum configuration parameter Both the DAC minimum and DAC maximum values can be modified either via SUNACom or via the terminal interface to tune the output range to the expected nitrate concentration range While the output voltage and curren
71. set to 1 3 Whenever the absorbance of a channel exceeds the specified absorbance cutoff that channel is excluded from processing Setting the cutoff to the maximum value of 10 0 will guarantee that all channels will be included in processing Integration Time Adjustment Integration time adjustment can be Off On or Persistent When set to On or Persistent in low transmittance conditions the sensor multiplies the normal integration time by the Integration Time Step When the transmittance increases later on the integration time reverts to the normal value When set to Persistent the current Integration Time Factor is kept at power down to be used at the next power up event Otherwise the sensor starts with the normal integration time Integration Time Factor The integration time factor is initially set to 1 When integration time adjustment is On or Persistent the integration time factor can be greater than 1 Currently only a value of 1 or 20 is permitted Integration Time Step The integration time step is set to 20 It should not be changed Integration Time Maximum Factor The integration time maximum factor is set to 20 It should not be changed Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 36 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Table 14 Data processing configuration parameters Parameter Pos
72. sible Values Default Value Short Name Fit wavelength low nm 210 350 217 wfit low Fit wavelength high nm 210 350 240 wfit hgh For the setrange command use wdatboth Concentrations to fit 1 3 1or3 fitconcs Baseline Order 1 1 bl order Dark Correction Method SpecAverage SWAverage SpecAverage drkcormt Temperature On Off Off tempcomp Compensation Salinity Fitting On Off On salinfit Bromide Tracing On Off Off brmtrace Absorbance Cutoff 0 01 10 0 1 3 a cutoff Integration Time Off On Persistent On intpradj Adjustment Integration Time Factor 1 20 1 intprfac Integration Time Step 1 20 20 intadstp Integration Time Max 1 20 20 intadmax The processing configuration parameters completely determine how the spectrum is processed Some of the parameters are applicable only in some cases non applicable N A parameters are ignored TS correction processing even if configured will only proceed if temperature and salinity values have been provided via the APF CTD command The following table gives the valid parameter combinations Table 15 Combinations of data processing configuration parameters Processing Mode Fit Br TS Sal Comment Con Trace Cmp Fit Freshwater 1 Off N A N A Freshwater 1 On N A N A and bromide trace Fit 3 species N A Off N A Non T S correcting processing T correction fit S N A On On If T unavailable uses Fit 3 species TS correction 3 N A On O
73. t LF gt concurrent measurement The SUNA supports only 2 additional measurements ttt is always 000 nis always 0 nn is always 00 Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 41 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Command Send Data aDO aD9 Response a lt values gt lt CR gt lt LF gt or a lt values gt lt CRC gt lt CR gt lt LF gt Notes Sends group of data to the controller after a measurement or verification command The response will vary depending on the previous measurement command After the M or C command the SUNA will respond with the 4 above listed values nitrate concentration in two units light and dark spectrum average For example 0 1039 040 14 8434 22799 671 lt CR gt lt LF gt After the MC or CC command the SUNA will respond as per the M or C command but with a CRC value attached For example 0 1038 452 14 8350 22683 672NtW lt CR gt lt LF gt After the M1 command the SUNA will respond to the aDO command with the first 4 values that are listed above two temperatures lamp time and humidity For example 0 33 188 23 500 3315 23 2 lt CR gt lt LF gt The SUNA will then respond to the aD1 Command with the remaining 3 values three voltages For example 0 11 92 5 43 13 68 lt CR gt lt LF gt After the MC1 command the SUNA will respond as per the M1 command but with a CRC value attached For exam
74. t LF gt measurement 001004 lt CR gt lt LF gt concurrent measurement The SUNA reports 10 seconds are required to make the measurements Generally it will complete sooner and issue a service request to the controller In subsequent data commands the four values returned will be nitrate concentration uM nitrogen in nitrate concentration mg l light spectrum average dark spectrum average Commands Additional Measurements aM1 Additional Measurements and CRC aMC1 Additional Concurrent Measurements aC1 Additional Concurrent Measurements and CRC aCC1 Response atttn lt CR gt lt LF gt measurement atttnn lt CR gt lt LF gt concurrent measurement Notes ttt the time in seconds until the sensor will have a measurement ready The SUNA normally responds with 4 seconds nornn the number of measurement values the SUNA will return in one or more subsequent send data commands For the SUNA this value is 7 For example 00047 lt CR gt lt LF gt measurement 000407 lt CR gt lt LF gt concurrent measurement In subsequent data commands the seven values returned will be lamp temperature C spectrometer temperature C lamp time s relative humidity internal voltage V regulated voltage V supply voltage V Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 40 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA Commands Response
75. t generated by the sensor are highly accurate losses may occur across cables that are used For details on calibration and data interpretation see section 4 2 6 Analog Output Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 8 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 3 The SUNA Sensor 3 The SUNA Sensor 3 1 Introduction and Background The SUNA Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer is a chemical free nitrate sensor It is based on the ISUS In Situ Ultraviolet Spectroscopy technology developed at MBARI cf Kenneth S Johnson Luke J Coletti In situ ultraviolet spectrophotometry for high resolution and long term monitoring of nitrate bromide and bisulfide in the ocean Deep Sea Research 49 2002 1291 1305 3 2 Specifications 3 2 1 Build Variants The SUNA housing is made from acetal and is suitable for deployments of up to 500 m depth or 100 m depth with the optional integrated wiper Table 1 Sensor dimensions basic options Dimension Basic Variant Material Acetal Titanium Depth Rating 500 m 100 m integrated wiper Diameter 63 mm Length 567 mm without connector and anode UV Deuterium Lamp 900 h lifetime Path length 10 mm Displacement 1749 cm Weight 2 5 kg Electrical connector SubConn MCBH8MNM Storage temperature 20 to 50 C Operating temperature 2 to 35 C Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights r
76. te Message Level Error Warning Info Debug Trace Message File Size 0 65 MB The sensor generates log messages The selected message level determines the amount of logging the least messages are generated for the Error message level and the most are generated for the Trace message level Messages are always sent to RS 232 and logged internally if the sensor is equipped with internal logging Internal logging of messages can be switched off by setting the message file size to zero Output Frame Type Full_ASCII Full_Binary Reduced_Binary Concentration APF MBARI None Logging Frame Type Full_ASCII Full_Binary Reduced_Binary Concentration APF MBARI None Output Dark Frames Suppress Output Logging Dark Frames Suppress Output Logging File Type Acquisition Continuous Daily Data File Size 1 99 MB Digital output of data is in the form of fixed or variable length strings of bytes see section 7 SUNA Frame Definitions If output or internal logging of frames is not desired the frame type is set to None Omitting frame generation output and logging when not needed increases the data rate of the sensor Dark data frames may be useful for monitoring sensor performance but are not needed for regular data acquisition When acquisition time and or transfer speed or volume are an issue dark frame output and logging can be suppressed Internal data log files are generated with an automated naming schema Files may be per Acquis
77. te determine the spatial resolution of the profile The data rate depends on a number of factors The integration period of the spectrometer sets a lower limit on the data rate Additional time is required for data processing and data output Output even at high baud rates is always slower than internal logging of data 6 1 2 Example This example assumes that the sensor is not outputting any data but only logging data internally The ascend and or descend rates of the profiler are assumed to be rather modest thus internal averaging of spectra is used to obtain improved data quality It is further assumed that temperature and salinity data are collected alongside the sensor for post processing employing temperature salinity correction Therefore full spectral data are logged Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 53 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 6 Use Scenarios Setting Parameter Value in Profiling Deployment Message Level Warn Message File Size 2 Input Output Frame None Output logging Frame Full ASCII Logging Dark Frame Output Log File Type Acquisition Operation Mode Continuous Operation Control Samples Data External Device None Apyuisition Countdown 15 Dark Averages 1 Light Averages 5 Dark Samples 1 Light Samples 60 Temperature Compensation Off Salinity Fitting On Bromide Tracing Off Concen
78. tlantic LP All rights reserved 23 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 4 Terminal Interface of the SUNA PCB Supervisor The PCB supervisor circuit is either Available or Missing Sensors are optionally equipped with the PCB supervisor which allows the sensor to enter power saving mode USB Communication The USB communication is either Available or Missing Sensors are optionally equipped with USB communication Sensors can always communicate via RS 232 If USB is available and plugged in communication switches to USB Relay Module The relay module is Missing This feature is only available in the Deep SUNA SDI 12 Interface The SDI 12 interface is either Available or Missing Sensors are optionally equipped with the SDI 12 interface Analog Output The analog output system is either Available or Missing Sensors are optionally equipped with analog output system Internal Data Logging Internal data logging is either Available or Missing Sensors are optionally equipped with memory for internal data logging APF Interface and Temperature Salinity Correction The APF interface and temperature salinity correction is Missing This feature is only available in the Deep SUNA Scheduling The scheduling capability is either Available or Missing Sensors are optionally capable to run on a configured schedule Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 24 SUNA Manual For SUNA runn
79. to find out if the sensor is equipped with the SDI 12 Interface Within SUNACom verify the SDI 12 is listed as one of the options under the Operational Mode of the SUNA Settings display See the SUNACom user manual for details At the terminal interface use the get sdil2brd command The response will be either Available or Missing Start SDI 12 Operation SUNA sensors are not factory set to operate in SDI 12 mode To operate the sensor as a SDI 12 device it first has to be configured to do so In SUNACom select SDI 12 as the operating mode under the SUNA Settings display and Upload See the SUNACom user manual for details At the terminal interface use the set opermode SDI12 command Data Processing Before deployment the user should confirm that the data processing configuration is suitable for the expected deployment See section 5 4 Data Processing Configuration for details Deployment After the sensor has been configured to run in SDI 12 operation mode and processing has been configured the sensor can be rebooted or power cycled At this point the sensor will respond to SDI 12 commands For supported SDI 12 commands see section 4 2 5 SDI 12 Mode Commands End SDI 12 Deployment In order to bring the sensor out of SDI 12 mode either use SUNACom or the terminal interface In SUNACom select another operating mode under the SUNA Settings display and Upload See the SUNACom user manual for details In the latter ca
80. trations to fit 3 Process Dark Correction Method SpecAverage Absorbance Cutoff 1 3 Integration Time Adjustment On Fit Wavelength Low High 217 240 Table 19 Configuration parameters illustrating a profiling deployment 6 2 Moored 6 2 1 Objectives and Considerations In moored applications power management especially if running from battery has to be considered Moored applications typically have infrequent service intervals As most environments cause bio fouling of the sensor either passive fouling guard or active wiper counter Copyright O 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 54 SUNA Manual For SUNA running firmware version 2 5 or later 6 Use Scenarios measures are necessary The sensor can run autonomously periodic mode respond to a controller polled APF or SDI 12 mode or be powered up and down by a controller running in continuous mode Regardless of the operation control moored applications often collect discrete samples The user can choose to either collect a series of samples and perform averaging as a second data processing step Alternatively the sensor can be configured to collect a single data sample that already is an average of multiple measurements Before the deployment the sensor must receive a reference spectrum update where the reference spectrum is collected under data acquisition conditions that resemble the deployment data collection conditions 6 2 2 Example This example
81. unning firmware version 2 5 or later 16 Revision History 16 Revision History Revision A 2013 11 01 Revision B 2014 05 02 Revision C 2014 05 15 Revision D 2014 09 16 Revision E 2014 12 01 Initial release 3 2 3 Refer for T S Correction to SUNACom 5 2 Expand data file type explanation 7 1 Fix typo in frame table nitrate units 11 2 Remove external wiper enlarge wiper images 3 2 3 Add uM nitrate to mg l nitrogen conversion factor 3 2 1 Add storage and operating temperature range 3 2 2 Add 1 A current requirement of power supply 4 2 3 Add acquisition file type duration setting 4 2 3 Add minimum interval for external device 4 2 5 SDI 12 operation wiper and internal logging 5 4 1 Specify 1 PSU limit for freshwater processing 4 2 1 Added special swipewiper command 4 2 3 Remove unused legacy configuration parameters 4 2 3 Add Custom Identification configuration parameter Copyright 2013 Satlantic LP All rights reserved 72
82. w power sleep to acquire data only after woken up by activity on the RS 232 line and then receiving a command Start for indefinite or Measure n for a fixed number of measurements In SDI 12 mode the sensor operates as a SDI 12 device Operation Control The operation control is Duration or Samples based Operation control applies to Continuous Fixed time and Periodic mode Either of these operating modes is further controlled by additional parameters and Operation Control determines which parameters apply Countdown The countdown is measured in units of seconds and initially set to 15 The countdown is used in Continuous and Fixedtime operation modes Fixed Time Duration The fixed time duration is measured in units of seconds and can take any positive number up to and including 1000000 Periodic Interval The periodic interval is restricted to a subset of values that divide the day into integer parts 1m 2m 5m 6m 10m 15m 20m 30m 1h 2h 3h 4h 6h 8h 12h 24h Periodic Offset The periodic offset is measured in seconds Whereas the periodic interval establishes a grid of acquisition times the offset locates the grid relative to the start of the day hour 0 Note There is a side effect when an external device needs to run prior to data acquisition Periodic Duration The periodic duration is measured in seconds This parameter is used when Operation Control is set to Duration Periodic Samples
83. wed by the four digits of the sensor serial number and the last letter is a version letter Version letters run from A to Z 8 2 File Format SUNA calibration files are text files consisting of a series of header lines followed by a series of coefficient lines A line is terminated by either a line feed character hexadecimal 0A or by a carriage return character followed by a line feed character hexadecimal OD OA A header line always begins with the H character sequence followed by auxiliary information A coefficient line always begins with the E character sequence followed by a series of comma separated floating point numbers The last line may be succeeded by a series of CTRL Z hexadecimal 1A padding characters These are introduced by the XMODEM protocol that is used to transfer calibration files from and to the SUNA and must be ignored 8 3 File Interpretation The first header line always contains the sensor type SUNA and the sensor four digit serial number followed by some generic comments Subsequent header lines contain information about the generation If there is a header line with the keyword T_S_CORRECTABLE the coefficients can be used for temperature salinity correction The temperature of the calibration is given in the T_CAL header line This temperature is needed when applying the temperature salinity correction The last header line always consists of a comma separated list of labels These labels desc
84. x DAC min Can DAC n FE Tx using the same symbols as above These equation can be written more compact as C nitrate AtA V and C nitrate Bot By I where DAC may 7 DAC min xo i is the voltage scale coefficient ie E A DAC win Ar Y min is the voltage offset coefficient DAC pax DAC min z AN Co Ta is the current scale coefficient By DAC jin By L min is the current offset coefficient In System Calibration The above defined scale and offset coefficients are based on the nominal minimum and maximum voltage and current values In a deployed system voltage and current may differ due to transmission losses Ideally the true low and high voltage or current values are used instead of the nominal values In order to perform an in system calibration a Y cable is required that connects the SUNA to both the data acquisition device and a computer Please contact Satlantic for assistance in creating or purchasing such a cable With this cable in place the SUNA is tasked to generate the low DAC and then the high DAC output The low and high voltage or current values are measured in the data acquisition device and used to calculate the in system scale and offset coefficients DA C mas DA Ce y A nos i is the in system calibrated voltage scale coefficient V nigh ae A DAC nin Ai V iow is the in system calibrated voltage offset coefficient DAC pax DAC min 5 i Se 7 is the in system calibrated current scale coefficient h

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